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Pakistan Navy

2010-08-13T19:03:15Z

Sourcelat0r: /* Personnel */ fix vandalism

{{Pakistan Navy}}
The '''Pakistan Navy''' ({{lang-ur| '''پاک بحریہ'''}} ''Pak Bahr'ya'') (PN) is the naval branch of the [[military of Pakistan]]. It is responsible for Pakistan's 1,046 kilometer (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important harbors. Navy day is celebrated on [[September 8]] in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm</ref> The Pakistan Navy is supposed to maintain good order and peace in its area of responsibility, with its great sea denial capabilities. The Pakistan Navy contributes to world peace by persistent deployment of its assets in US led coalition Task Force 150 which is tasked with preventing human trafficking and the smuggling of narcotics and weapons. The Pakistan Navy also contributes to Task Force 151 deployed to challenge Somalian piracy.

==History==
The foundation of the Royal Pakistan Navy came at creation of nation of [[Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947. The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the [[Royal Indian Navy]] between both India and Pakistan. The Royal Pakistan Navy secured two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbor launches and some 358 personnel (180 officers and 34 [[Naval rating|ratings]]) and was given a number of [[Harbor Defense Motor Launch]]es. It was also given a high percentage of the [[river delta|delta]] areas on the Pakistan coast.

{{cquote|''“ Today is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The Dominion of Pakistan has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force.”'' [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder of [[Pakistan]].}}<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] addressing the Naval Academy in March 1948</ref>

===The beginning===
[[File:Shamsher Pakistan SLV Green 1951.jpg|thumb|left|Frigate Shamsher in 1951]]
The Royal Pakistan Navy saw no action during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] as all the fighting was restricted to land warfare.
In 1956 the [[Islamic Republic]] of Pakistan was proclaimed under the 1956 constitution. The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped and the service was re-designated as the Pakistan Navy, or "PN" for short. The PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the white ensign respectively. The order of precedence of the three services changed from [[Navy]], [[Army]], [[Air force]] to Army, Navy, Air Force. In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced supplying of several major surface combatants to Pakistan. These warships, a cruiser and four destroyers were purchased with funds made available under the US [[Military Assistance Program]]. The acquisition of a few additional warships that is two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers and an oiler (between 1956–63) was the direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-[[Communist]] defence pacts of [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]].

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965===
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] the navy was involved in a conflict for the first time. Apart from carrying out successful bombardment of the coastal town of [[Dwaraka]] - codenamed [[Operation Dwarka]], the navy's submarine [[PNS Ghazi]] which was Pakistan's first submarine and remained the flagship submarine for Pakistan Navy till deployed against Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] (Mumbai) port.<ref>http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm</ref>
[[Image:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|Daphne class submarine ''Ghazi'' (S-134)]]

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
[[Image:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|right|PNS Nazim which previously took part in the Vietnam and Korean wars with the USN]]
[[Karachi]], the hub of Pakistan's [[maritime trade]], housed the headquarters of the Pakistan Navy and almost the entire naval fleet. On December 4 the Indian Navy launched a naval attack, [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]], consisting of 3 [[Osa class missile boat|OSA class]] [[missile boat]]s escorted by two [[anti-submarine]] patrol vessels. Nearing the Karachi port, they detected Pakistani presence and launched their [[SS-N-2 Styx]] anti-ship missiles. The obsolescent Pakistani ships had no viable defence against such missiles <ref>http://www.defencejournal.com/nov98/angrysea.htm</ref> and, as a result, the PNS ''Muhafiz'' and PNS ''Khyber'' were both sunk while the PNS Shahjahan was severely damaged {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}.

On 8 December 1971 the [[PNS Hangor]], a Pakistani [[Daphné class submarine]], sank the Indian frigate [[INS Khukri (1958)|INS Khukri]] off the coast of Gujarat, India. This was the first sinking of a warship by a submarine since [[World War II]]. 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian navy were killed in this operation. The same submarine also damaged another warship, INS Kirpan.<ref name="gs">http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm</ref> Attempts were then made by Pakistan to counter the Indian missile boat threat by carrying out bombing raids over Okha harbour, the forward base of the missile boats.
Another Indian attack on the Pakistani coast, named Operation Python, occurred on the night of 8 December 1971. A small group of Indian vessels, consisting of a missile boat and two frigates, approached Karachi. The Indian ships sank the Panamian vessel Gulf Star, while the Pakistan Navy's ''Dacca'' and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were damaged. Pakistani fuel reserves were also destroyed by the Indian vessels.

With [[East Pakistan]] having been surrounded on all three sides by the [[Indian Army]], the PN was attempting to prevent Indian access to the coast. The PN's only long range submarine, [[PNS Ghazi]], was deployed to the area but, according to neutral sources, it sank en route under mysterious circumstances.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y#v=onepage&q=PNS%20Ghazi&f=false</ref> Pakistani authorities state that it sank either due to internal explosion or detonation of mines which it was laying at the time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|work=TOI website|publisher=Times Of India|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=12|month=May |year=2010|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref> The Indian Navy claims to have sank the submarine,<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref> but this is disputed by some Indian military officers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=25|month=05|year=2010|quote= On December 9, the Navy announced that they had sunk the Ghazi on December 4, after the start of the war. Later, officers were decorated for their role and the offensive action of their ships in the sinking of the Ghazi. After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi. The log of the Ghazi was recovered and the last entry as far as I can recall was on November 29, 1971. Sadly, that too has been destroyed. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd) 'Does the US want war with India?' |last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=26 March 2010|location=India}}</ref> The submarine's destruction enabled the Indian Navy to enforce a blockade on then East Pakistan.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= May 16, 2005 }}</ref>

The damage inflicted by the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]] on the PN stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol crafts belonging to the [[coast guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, and large scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships; Anwar Baksh, Pasni and Madhumathi;<ref>[http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm Utilisation of Pakistan merchant ships seized during the 1971 war]</ref> and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name = Orbat>{{cite web | title=Damage Assessment - 1971 INDO-PAK Naval War | work=B. Harry | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=May 16, 2005}}</ref> Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]].<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | accessdate=May 30, 2005}}</ref> The Indian Navy lost 18 officers and 176 sailors<ref name="gs"/><ref>http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=153894</ref> and a [[frigate]], while another frigate was damaged and a [[Breguet Alizé]] naval aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], the Pakistan Navy lost a third of its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Tariq Ali]] | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd | year=1983 | isbn=0-14-022401-7}}</ref> The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy, or the military in general, in East Pakistan. Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to an adversary.

===Post war===
The Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan. It sought more vessels from France and China. The Pakistan Navy thus became the first navy in [[South Asia]] to acquire land based missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> During the 1980s the Pakistan Navy enjoyed un-preceded growth. It doubled its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration approved US$3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan. Pakistan acquired eight Brooke and Garcia-class frigates from [[US Navy]] on a five year lease in 1988. A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|ex-USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. However after the [[Soviet]] withdrawal from [[Afghanistan]] in 1989 [[President of the United States|US President]] [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]] was advised to no longer certify that Pakistan was not involved in the development of nuclear weapons and the Pressler’s Amendment was invoked on 1 October 1990. The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994. This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of former US origin ships. Pakistan began to concentrate on self-reliance for its military equipment needs.

The PN began negotiations with China to lease a Chinese [[Type 091 submarine|Type 091 ''Han'' class]] nuclear submarine after rival India began leasing a Russian [[Charlie class submarine|Charlie 1 class]] nuclear submarine. Negotiations were cancelled when the Russian submarine was returned in 1991.<ref>http://chinadefense.xinjunshi.com/ChinaDefense/PLANavyEquipment/91.html</ref>

===Atlantique incident===
The [[Atlantique Incident]] was a major international incident on 10 August 1999 where a Pakistan Navy plane ([[Breguet Atlantic]]) with 16 on board was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch|Kutch]] region by Indian Air Force jets, with Pakistan and India both claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace. However, the wreckage fell well within Pakistani territory, giving credence to the Pakistani claim. The Indian Air Force stated that the Atlantique was trying to return to Pakistani airspace after intruding more than 10 nautical miles and as such was headed towards Pakistan. At the speed of 400 knots at which the shootdown occurred most of the wreckage could have been expected to land at least 25 miles from the shootdown; the fact that all of the wreckage fell in Pakistani territory would tend to vindicate Pakistani claims that the aircraft did not violate Indian airspace. This incident resulted in escalated tensions between the two neighbouring countries. {{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on December 26, 2004. Pakistan sent vessels to [[Sri Lanka]] and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm Pakistan navy sends ships to rescue tsunami victims</ref>

==Personnel==
[[Image:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistan Navy Officers On Guard By the National Flag]]
[[Image:080225-N-9167V-007.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistani navy Commodore Khan Hasham Bin Saddique, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, February 25, 2008.]]

The Pakistan Navy has around 24,000 active personnel and 5,000 in reserve.<ref name= Malaya>[http://www.malaya.com.ph/jun25/eddahli.htm] Anchors aweigh, Pakistan</ref> The force includes a small Naval Air Arm and the approximately 2,000 member [[paramilitary]] Maritime Security Agency, charged primarily with protecting Pakistan's [[exclusive economic zone]](EEZ).<ref name=Malaya/> The Navy also comprises the [[Special Services Group Navy]], a marine [[commando]] unit as well as a Marine unit, both stationed at Karachi. The SSG(N) and Marines are believed to number around 1,000 in troop strength each. Pakistan Navy recently began inducting women for combat positions apart from the existing administrative posts, becoming one of the few [[Islamic Republic]]s to do so.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/update_detail.asp?id=15213] 22 female sailors inducted in Pak navy</ref>

===Naval Headquarters===
*[[Admiral]] [[Noman Bashir]] - [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]]
*Vice Admiral Muhammad Asif Sandila - Chief of Staff (COS)
*Vice Admiral Abbas Raza - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Operations)
*Rear Admiral Waqar Siddiq - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Supply)
*- Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects)
*Rear Admiral Mohammad Shafiq - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects-2)
*Rear Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Training and Personnel)
*Rear Admiral Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain - Naval Secretary (NS)
*Rear Admiral Shahid Saeed - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Material)
*Rear Admiral Waseem Akram - DG Naval Intelligence (DG NI)

===Commands===
*Vice Admiral Tanveer Faiz — Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK), Karachi
*Vice Admiral Tayyab Ali Dogar — Commander Coast (COMCOAST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Khalid Amin — Commander Logistics (COMLOG), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Shafqat Jawed — Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Sayyid Khawar Ali — Commander Karachi (COMKAR), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Syed Bashir Ahmed — Commandant, [[Pakistan Navy War College]] (PNWC), [[Lahore]]
*Commodore Raja Jamil Akhtar — Commander North (COMNOR), [[Islamabad]]

===External billets===
*Rear Admiral Saleem Akhtar— DG Maritime Technologies Complex (MTC), Islamabad
*Rear Admiral Tahseen Ullah Khan — DG [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Siddique — Commandant, National Security (NS) College at [[National Defence University, Islamabad|NDU Islamabad]]
*Rear Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi - Commander Combined Task Force 150, Manama, Bahrain.
*Rear Admiral Syed Arifullah Hussaini — DG Training and Joint Warfare at Joint Staff HQ, [[Chaklala]]
*Rear Admiral Adnan Nazir — DG (Media) at [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI), Islamabad
*Rear Admiral Shah Sohail Masood — Additional Secretary-III (Navy) at [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Rawalpindi]]
*L/Rear Admiral Azhar Hayat — General Manager (Operations), [[Karachi Port Trust]] (KPT)

==List of Naval Chiefs==
[[File:FM-90 SAM.JPG|[[HQ-7#HQ-7A .28FM-90.29|FM-90]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system.|thumb|FM-90 On board PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:C-802 anti ship missile.JPG|Two 4-cell [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile]] launchers.|thumb|C-802 Anti Ship Missile on board PNS Zulfiqar]]

{{Main|Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)}}
# Rear Admiral [[James Wilfred Jefford]] (August 15, 1947 - January 30, 1953)<ref name ="PIC Book">Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema. ''The Armed Forces of Pakistan'', New York: New York University Press. 2003. pp. 86~90</ref>
# Vice Admiral [[HMS Choudri|Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri]] (January 31, 1953 - 28 February 1959)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] (March 1, 1959 - October 20, 1966)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan khan abbasi]] (October 20, 1966 - August 31, 1969)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Muzaffar Hassan]] (September 1, 1969 - December 22, 1971)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] (March 3, 1972 - March 9, 1975)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] (March 23, 1975 - March 21, 1979)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]] (March 22, 1979 - March 23, 1983)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]] (March 23, 1983 - April 9, 1986)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] (April 9, 1986 - November 9, 1988)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Yastur-ul-Haq Malik]] (November 10, 1988 - November 8, 1991)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] (November 9, 1991 - November 9, 1994)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# [[Mansurul Haq]] (November 10, 1994 - May 1, 1997)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] (May 2, 1997 - October 2, 1999)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] (October 2, 1999 - October 2, 2002)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] (October 3, 2002 - October 6, 2005)
# Admiral [[Afzal Tahir]] (October 7, 2005 - October 7, 2008)
# Admiral [[Noman Bashir]] (October 7, 2008–present)

==Organization==
The supreme commander of the Navy is the Chief of the Naval Staff. Admiral Noman Bashir is the current Chief of the Navy.

The navy has six commands:
* '''COMKAR (Commander Karachi)''' - Looks after the shore establishments of the Navy which provide services and training facilities for the PN. He also looks after the protocol at Karachi. His responsibilities also include harbour defence.
* '''COMPAK (Commander Pakistan Fleet)''' - The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands. In fact, this command is the war fighting machine having 4 dimensional components. Previously, it included the 25th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
* '''COMCOAST (Commander COAST)''' - The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
* '''COMLOG (Commander Logistics)''' - This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
* '''FOST (Flag Officer Sea Training)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
* '''COMNOR (Commander North)''' - Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan;
* '''COMWEST (Commander WEST)''' - Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]].

===Ranks===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
!colspan=12 bgcolor="green"| '''PN Officer Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Admiral(Adm)
!Vice Admiral
!Rear Admiral
!Commodore
!Captain
!Commander
!Lieutenant Commander
!Lieutenant
!Sub Lieutenant
!Midshipman
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
|align="center"|
|align="center"|[[Image:Vice Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Rear Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|[[Image:Lieutenant Commander Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Sub Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Midshipman Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
!colspan=12 bgcolor="green"| '''PN Sailor Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Master Chief Petty Officer
!Fleet Chief Petty Officer
!Chief Petty Officer
!Petty Officer
!Leading
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|}

==Training institutions==
Pakistan Navy has an academy of its own called the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], it is the home of initial training of officers of Pakistan Navy. The academy also has provided basic training to the officers of Allied Navies. The Chief of Naval Staff of [[Qatar Emiri Navy]] and many high ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the PNA. The academy is a full fledged training institution catering to the needs to Pakistani junior Naval officers. The Navy also has its own navy war college called the [[Pakistan Navy War College]]<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm</ref> specializing in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan marine forces.

Other worthwhile training institutions are:

'''PNS Bahadur''': conducts specialist courses.

'''PNS Himalaya''': for basic training of sailors. HET is a way to be commissioned officer from sailors.

'''PNS Karsaz''': It is the Largest and the most organized technical training Establishment of Pakistan Navy. The establishment has the privilege to host many heads of states since its commissioning. It is considered the mother unit of PNS MEHRAN, PNS JAUHAR, PNS BAHADUR, ASD and other PN units in that area. The unit celebrated its golden jubilee in 2003 under the command of Cdre M B Chaudhry.
PNS KARSAZ also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of Rs 88.00 Millions during 2003-5. Cdre M Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant KARSAZ during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists. Rangoon wala trust contributed the most. In fact PNS KARSAZ is a complete
Naval unit which can operate independently in all spheres.

[[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|'''PNS Jauhar''']]: for technical training of officers.

[[
]]PNS Jauhar has been absorbed by the [[National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical and Electronics Engineering.

==Special Forces==
[[Image:Naval SSG.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG operating in the Gulf of Oman]]
===Special Services Group (N)===
{{Main|Special Service Group Navy}}
Special Service Group Navy (SSGN) is an independent commando division of the Pakistan Navy. It is an elite special operations force. Official numbers place the strength between 100,000 to 124,000 in 3 Regiments.

===Marines===
{{Main|Pakistan Marines}}
Pakistan Navy Marines division was re-established on April 14, 1990 with about 2000 men and plans to expand the force significantly by 2015. The naval marines are based at [[Port Qasim]] naval base.

==Fleet composition==
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|right|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[File:Milgem4.jpg|thumb|MILGEM Corvette]]<ref>http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=160147</ref>
[[Image:USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG 60) Full.jpg|thumb|right|Mclanery (ASW) Class For Pakistan Navy (August 2010)]]
[[Image:PNSShahjahan.jpg|thumb|PNS Shahjahan]]
[[Image:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[Image:BaburCruise.jpg|thumb|right|Babur Cruise Missile]]
[[Image:Harpoonlaunch.gif|thumb|right|Harpoon Block II test firing.]]
[[Image:Naval patrol.JPG|thumb|A Pakistan Navy Hover Craft]]
[[Image:Panther-051306-N-9546C-001.jpg||thumb|right|Z-9C]]
Ships with respect to their classes:<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website - Frigates]</ref><ref name="PakDef - Patrol Craft">[http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/navy/missileboats.html PakDef - Patrol Craft]</ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website - Missile Boats]</ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org]</ref>

{{Standard table|0}}
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Ship
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Quantity
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Service entry
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Comments
|--
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="4" | [[Frigates]]
|--valign=top
|style="width:170px"| '''[[F-22P|F-22P Zulfiquar class]]''' F-251 PNS Zulfiqar F-252 PNS Shamsheer F-253 PNS Saif F-254 (under construction) 
|align=center| '''4'''
| '''2009''' 2009
| PNS Zulfiquar delivered August 2009.
| PNS Shamsheer delivered December 2009.
| PNS Saif to be commission 15 sep 2010.
|--
|colspan=4| 
|--
| '''[[Type 21 frigate|Tariq class]]''' F181 [[PNS Tariq]] F182 [[PNS Babur]] F183 [[PNS Khaibar]] F184 [[PNS Badr]] F185 [[PNS Shah Jahan]] F186 [[PNS Tippu Sultan]] || '''6''' || '''1990s''' ||
|--
|colspan=4| 
|--
| '''[[Oliver Hazard Perry class]]''' PNS Alamgheer[[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] || '''6 to be deliver by 211-2012''' || '''2010''' || 1 will be transferred in aug 2010. <ref>[http://www.brahmand.com/news/Pak-signs-USD-65-million-deal-for-US-frigate/3696/1/10.html]</ref>
|}

{| class="wikitable" border=1 width=550 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Mine Hunters'''
|-
|4||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Eridan class]] Mine Hunter vessels
* [[M164 Mujahid]]
* [[M166 Munsif]]
* [[M167 Muhafiz]]
* [[M168 Mahmood]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Missile Boats'''
|-
|6||Jalalat class
* [[P1023 PNS Jurrat]]
* [[P1028 PNS Quwwat]]
* [[P1022 PNS Jalalat]]
* [[P1024 PNS Shujat]]
* P1029 ?
* P1030 ?
|-
|5||Larkana class
* [[PNS Larkana]]
|-
|3||[[Type 021 class missile boat|Sabqat class (huangefeng)]]
* P1025 PNS Azmat
* P1026 PNS Deshmat
* P1027 PNS Himmat
|-
|1||[[Type 024 class missile boat|Hegu class]]
* P1021 PNS Haibat
|-
|1|| ?
* PNS Rajshahi
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Multi Role Tactical Platform'''
|-
|2|| MRTP-33
* PNS Zarrar
* PNS Karrar
|-
|2|| MRTP-15
* P01 PNS ?
* P02 PNS ?
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Auxiliary'''
|-
|1|| Fuqing class
* A47 PNS Nasr
|-
|1|| Poolster class
* A20 PNS Moawin
|-
|2|| Coastal tankers
* PNS Kalmat
* PNS Gawadar
|-
|1|| Hydrographic Survey Vessel
* PNS Behr Paima
|-
|1|| Dredging Vessel
* PNS Behr Khusha
|-
|2|| Small tanker cum utility ship (STUS)
* PNS ? (launched)
* PNS ? (underconstruction)
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Training vessel'''
|-
|1|| [[Leander class frigate]]
* F262 PNS Zulfiqar
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Hover Crafts'''
|-
|12||[[Griffon]] class
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Patrol boats'''
|-
|12+5|| 12 Gulf Crafts and, 5 patrol boats USA delivered as donation on 13 Feb 2010 at Karachi.<ref>http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html</ref>
|}

====Submarines====


A total of five active diesel electric submarines plus 3 midget submarines, MG110 are in the Naval inventory.<ref name="PN">Anon. (14 April 2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''.</ref> These include:

{| class="wikitable" border=1 width=550 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
submarine<ref>http://www.janes.com/news/defence/naval/jdw/jdw081202_1_n.shtml Pakistan on verge of selecting HDW submarine</ref>
|-
|3||[[Agosta 90B class submarine]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* PNS/M Khalid
* PNS/M Saad
* PNS/M Hamza
|-
|2||[[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 70]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* PNS/M Hasmat
* PNS/M Hurmat
|}

All of the Pakistani SSKs have been equipped with AshMs which can be fired while submerged. The three Khalid class boats are capable of firing Exocet AshM, while the older Agostas and Daphnes have been equipped with US Harpoon AshMs. PNS/M Hamza (third Agosta-90B) is equipped with the MESMA Air Independent Propulsion system, PNS/M Khalid and PNS/M Saad will be upgraded with the same MESMA AIP system in the near future. The Pakistan Navy also plans to integrate the Boeing Harpoon Block II on to its Agosta-90Bs; and currently the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing Blackshark torpedoes.

In mid-2006 the Pakistan Navy announced its requirement of three new SSK attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its fleet - after retiring the four Daphne Class. The French naval firm DCN had offered its latest export design - the Marlin SSK - which is based on the Scorpene SSK, but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine. However, the Pakistan Navy is said to have chosen the [[Type 214]] submarine. During the IDEAS 2008 exhibition, the HDW chief Walter Freitag told “The commercial contract has been finalised up to 95 per cent,” he said. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months.<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French - Paktribune</ref>

Pakistan is also seeking to enhance its strategic strike capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM). The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads. Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.

====Frigates====
[[File:The side of the PNS Zulfiquar.jpg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|right|PNS Badr (F184) steams alongside [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]] in November of 2005]]
The Navy's eight frigates include six ex-British ''Amazon'' class ([[PNS Babur]]) ships. These are expected to retire between 2010 and 2020.In 2005 Pakistan ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> One of the F-22Ps will be built in the Karachi Shipyard. The F-22Ps also have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, it has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The first F-22P is called PNS Zulfiqar, and thus the F-22Ps will be called Zulfiqar Class.
According to Janes the Pakistan Navy is expected to place a formal request to the U.S. for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These may replace the Type-21s and act as stop-gaps until new-built frigates and corvettes are commissioned. The weapons and systems on the PN FFG-7 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with considerable anti-submarine warfare capability will be handed over in August 2010.<ref name="nation.com.pk">[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/19-Oct-2008/Bush-okays-antisubmarine-frigate-for-Pak Bush okays anti-submarine frigate for Pak]</ref>
According to Janes' IDEAS2004 interview with former Pakistan Navy Chief ex-Admiral Karimullah at least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy. The new frigate will be larger and superior to the F-22P; it will likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability; and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Kanwa recently reported that the Pakistan Navy has shown recent interest in the, non other than, Chinese [[Type 054 frigate#Type 054A|Type 054A frigate]]. Another potential option could be the TKMS [[MEKO]] A-200 frigate.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}

====Corvettes & missile boats====
The Pakistan Navy operates four Jalalat class 200 ton missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design. In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33 METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft</ref> The first will be delivered in 2008. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

===Pakistan Naval Aviation===
{{Main|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}
[[Image:Breguet Atlantique p1040655.jpg|thumb|right|Breguet Atlantique]]
[[Image:Lynx 335 HMS Cardiff March 1982.jpg|thumb|right|Westland Lynx]]
Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

Currently the PN Aviation Force consists of:

* 13 [[Westland Lynx]] - anti-ship/anti-submarine/transport helicopters
* 26 [[Westland Sea King|Westland Sea King Mk45]] - transport helicopters<ref>http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/west_king.php</ref> Have been based at Karachi.
* 38 [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]] - transport/anti-ship helicopters<ref>http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/asiapac/pakistan.htm</ref>
* 44 [[Lockheed P-3|Lockheed P-3C Orion]] - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft/airborne early warning. Future supply of 7 more under an agreement with Lockheed Martin signed in 2006<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2005/pakistan-050831-irna02.htm</ref>. Two upgraded P-3C Orion delivered on 7th Jan 2010 while one was delivered in Nov 2009. Another two advanced P-3C Orion aircrafts to be delivered soon <ref>http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/us-to-provide-pak-two-advanced-p-3c-orion-naval-surveillance-aircrafts_100356210.html</ref>.
* 57 [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200 Friendship]] - maritime surveillance aircraft<ref name=globalsecurity>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm</ref>
* 42 [[Breguet Atlantique|Breguet Atlantique I]] - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft.<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* 12+ [[Dassault Mirage V]] - anti-ship attack aircraft flown by PAF which are based at PAF base Masroor in Karachi <ref name=globalsecurity/> (operated by the Pakistan Air Force)
* Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
* 6 [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters

====Others====

The Pakistan Navy has one Poolster Class AOR and one Fuqing Class AOR auxiliary tankers as well as two Gwadar class coastal tankers. Three Eridan Class mine hunters are also in service with the PN; plans for additional mine hunters are underway.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}

The Navy plans to procure a single replenishment tanker as well as up to two mine countermeasure vessels.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}

==PN Role in War on Terror==
[[Image:071125-N-6794Z-004.jpg|thumb|right|A member of Pakistan Navy Special Service Group is silhouetted by the setting sun aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur (D 182) while under way in the Arabian Sea November 25, 2007.]]
The Pakistani Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[Combined Task Force 150]].<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html (Pakistan's Role on the War on Terror</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from March 24, 2006 till February 25, 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France]</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pakistan Coast Guard]]
* [[Bahria University]]
* [[Jinnah Naval Base]]
* [[Kalmat Naval Base]]

;Related lists
* [[List of navies]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947-2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | accessdate=June 22, 2005}}

==External links==
*[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy's official site]
*[http://www.bckk.edu.pk/ Bahria College PNS Karsaz Karachi]
*[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/ Inter Services Public Relations]
*[http://flagspot.net/flags/pk~nav.html Ranks and Insignia in Navy]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy-intro.htm Global Security Organization]
*[http://pakistanimedals.com Pakistan's Medal]
*[http://www.pakistanimedals.com Pakistani Medals Collection]
*[http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-pakistan+to+pay+78+mn+for+30+year+old+frigate--bi-07 Pakistan buys Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate USS McInerney from US Navy]

{{Military of Pakistan}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy]]

[[pnb:پاکستان نیوی]]
[[ms:Tentera Laut Pakistan]]
[[ru:Военно-морские силы Пакистана]]
[[simple:Pakistan Navy]]
[[ur:پاک بحریہ]]

M 10 (Ukraine)

2010-07-21T02:40:45Z

Sourcelat0r: en

{{Infobox Autobahn
|LAND = UA
|STRASSENTYP = M
|NUMMER = 10
|ENUMMER =
|ENUMMER1 =
|ENUMMER2 =
|ENUMMER3 =
|GESAMTLÄNGE =
|GESAMTLÄNGE-ZUSATZ =
|BETRIEBLÄNGE =
|BAULÄNGE =
|PLANLÄNGE =
|REGION = *[[Oblast Lwiw]]
|BETREIBER =
|BETREIBER1 =
|AUSBAUZUSTAND =
|BILD =
|BILD-GRÖSSE =
|BILD-BESCHREIBUNG =
|KARTE =
|LISTE =
}}

Die '''M 10''' ist eine 69 km lange Fernstraße „internationaler Bedeutung“ in der [[Ukraine]]. Sie führt von [[Lemberg]] in westlicher Richtung zur [[Polen|polnischen]] Grenze bei [[Lubaczów]]. Die Fortsetzung auf polnischer Seite bildet die [[Droga krajowa 4|DK 4]]. Vor 1991 hatte sie im [[Sowjetunion|sowjetischen]] Fernstraßennetz die Bezeichnung ''A 267''.

== Verlauf ==
{|
|0 km
|Lemberg
|-
|24 km
|[[Iwano-Frankowe]]
|-
|
|[[Starytschi]]
|-
|50 km
|Abzw. südwestlich von [[Jaworiw]]
|-
|69 km
|Grenzübergang Korczowa (Polen) / [[Krakowez]]; Anschluss an [[Droga krajowa 4]]
|}
{{Navigationsleiste Fernstraßen in der Ukraine}}

[[Kategorie:Fernstraße in der Ukraine]]

[[en:Highway M10 (Ukraine)]]
[[lt:Automagistralė M10 (Ukraina)]]
[[nl:M10 (Oekraïne)]]
[[pl:Autostrada M10 (Ukraina)]]
[[ru:Автодорога М-10 (Украина)]]
[[uk:Автошлях М 10]]

Pakistan Navy

2010-06-30T14:43:10Z

Sourcelat0r: /* The beginning */ image

{{Weasel|date=August 2009}}
{{Pakistan Navy}}
The '''Pakistan Navy''' ({{lang-ur| '''پاک بحریہ'''}} ''Pak Bahr'ya'') (PN) is the naval branch of the [[military of Pakistan]]. It is responsible for Pakistan's 1,046 kilometer (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important harbors. Navy day is celebrated on [[September 8]] in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm</ref> The Pakistan Navy is supposed to maintain good order and peace in its area of responsibility, with its great sea denial capabilities. The Pakistan Navy contributes to world peace by persistent deployment of its assets in US led coalition Task Force 150 which is tasked with preventing human trafficking and the smuggling of narcotics and weapons. The Pakistan Navy also contributes to Task Force 151 deployed to challenge Somalian piracy.

==History==
The foundation of the Royal Pakistan Navy came at creation of nation of [[Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947. The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the [[Royal Indian Navy]] between both India and Pakistan. The Royal Pakistan Navy secured two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbor launches and some 358 personnel (180 officers and 34 [[Naval rating|ratings]]) and was given a number of [[Harbor Defense Motor Launch]]es. It was also given a high percentage of the [[river delta|delta]] areas on the Pakistan coast.

{{cquote|''“ Today is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The Dominion of Pakistan has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force.”'' [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder of [[Pakistan]].}}<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] addressing the Naval Academy in March 1948</ref>

===The beginning===
[[File:Shamsher Pakistan SLV Green 1951.jpg|thumb|left|Frigate Shamsher in 1951]]
The Royal Pakistan Navy saw no action during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] as all the fighting was restricted to land warfare.
In 1956 the [[Islamic Republic]] of Pakistan was proclaimed under the 1956 constitution. The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped and the service was re-designated as the Pakistan Navy, or "PN" for short. The PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the white ensign respectively. The order of precedence of the three services changed from [[Navy]], [[Army]], [[Air force]] to Army, Navy, Air Force. In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced supplying of several major surface combatants to Pakistan. These warships, a cruiser and four destroyers were purchased with funds made available under the US [[Military Assistance Program]]. The acquisition of a few additional warships that is two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers and an oiler (between 1956–63) was the direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-[[Communist]] defence pacts of [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]].

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965===
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] the navy was involved in a conflict for the first time. Apart from carrying out successful bombardment of the coastal town of [[Dwaraka]] - codenamed [[Operation Dwarka]], the navy's submarine [[PNS Ghazi]] which was Pakistan's first submarine and remained the flagship submarine for Pakistan Navy till deployed against Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] (Mumbai) port.<ref>http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm</ref>
[[Image:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|Daphne class submarine ''Ghazi'' (S-134)]]

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
[[Image:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|right|PNS Nazim which previously took part in the Vietnam and Korean wars with the USN]]
[[Karachi]], the hub of Pakistan's [[maritime trade]], housed the headquarters of the Pakistan Navy and almost the entire naval fleet. On December 4 the Indian Navy launched a naval attack, [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]], consisting of 3 [[Osa class missile boat|OSA class]] [[missile boat]]s escorted by two [[anti-submarine]] patrol vessels. Nearing the Karachi port, they detected Pakistani presence and launched their [[SS-N-2 Styx]] anti-ship missiles. The obsolescent Pakistani ships had no viable defence against such missiles <ref>http://www.defencejournal.com/nov98/angrysea.htm</ref> and, as a result, the PNS ''Muhafiz'' and PNS ''Khyber'' were both sunk while the PNS Shahjahan was severely damaged {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}.

On 8 December 1971 the [[PNS Hangor]], a Pakistani Daphné class submarine, sank the Indian frigate [[INS Khukri]] off the coast of Gujarat, India. This was the first sinking of a warship by a submarine since [[World War II]]. 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian navy were killed in this operation. The same submarine also damaged another warship, INS Kirpan.<ref name="gs">http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm</ref> Attempts were then made by Pakistan to counter the Indian missile boat threat by carrying out bombing raids over Okha harbour, the forward base of the missile boats.
Another Indian attack on the Pakistani coast, named Operation Python, occurred on the night of 8 December 1971. A small group of Indian vessels, consisting of a missile boat and two frigates, approached Karachi. The Indian ships sank the Panamian vessel Gulf Star, while the Pakistan Navy's ''Dacca'' and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were damaged. Pakistani fuel reserves were also destroyed by the Indian vessels.

With [[East Pakistan]] having been surrounded on all three sides by the [[Indian Army]], the PN was attempting to prevent Indian access to the coast. The PN's only long range submarine, [[PNS Ghazi]], was deployed to the area but, according to neutral sources, it sank en route under mysterious circumstances.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y#v=onepage&q=PNS%20Ghazi&f=false</ref> Pakistani authorities state that it sank either due to internal explosion or detonation of mines which it was laying at the time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|work=TOI website|publisher=Times Of India|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=12|month=May |year=2010|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref> The Indian Navy claims to have sank the submarine,<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref> but this is disputed by some Indian military officers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=25|month=05|year=2010|quote= On December 9, the Navy announced that they had sunk the Ghazi on December 4, after the start of the war. Later, officers were decorated for their role and the offensive action of their ships in the sinking of the Ghazi. After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi. The log of the Ghazi was recovered and the last entry as far as I can recall was on November 29, 1971. Sadly, that too has been destroyed. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd) 'Does the US want war with India?' |last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=26 March 2010|location=India}}</ref> The submarine's destruction enabled the Indian Navy to enforce a blockade on then East Pakistan.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= May 16, 2005 }}</ref>

The damage inflicted by the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]] on the PN stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol crafts belonging to the [[coast guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, and large scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships; Anwar Baksh, Pasni and Madhumathi;<ref>[http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm Utilisation of Pakistan merchant ships seized during the 1971 war]</ref> and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name = Orbat>{{cite web | title=Damage Assessment - 1971 INDO-PAK Naval War | work=B. Harry | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=May 16, 2005}}</ref> Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]].<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | accessdate=May 30, 2005}}</ref> The Indian Navy lost 18 officers and 176 sailors<ref name="gs"/><ref>http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=153894</ref> and a [[frigate]], while another frigate was damaged and a [[Breguet Alizé]] naval aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], the Pakistan Navy lost a third of its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Tariq Ali]] | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd | year=1983 | isbn=0-14-022401-7}}</ref> The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy, or the military in general, in East Pakistan. Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to an adversary.

===Post war===
The Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan. It sought more vessels from France and China. The Pakistan Navy thus became the first navy in [[South Asia]] to acquire land based missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> During the 1980s the Pakistan Navy enjoyed un-preceded growth. It doubled its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration approved US$3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan. Pakistan acquired eight Brooke and Garcia-class frigates from [[US Navy]] on a five year lease in 1988. A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|ex-USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. However after the [[Soviet]] withdrawal from [[Afghanistan]] in 1989 [[President of the United States|US President]] [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]] was advised to no longer certify that Pakistan was not involved in the development of nuclear weapons and the Pressler’s Amendment was invoked on 1 October 1990. The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994. This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of former US origin ships. Pakistan began to concentrate on self-reliance for its military equipment needs.

The PN began negotiations with China to lease a Chinese [[Type 091 submarine|Type 091 ''Han'' class]] nuclear submarine after rival India began leasing a Russian [[Charlie class submarine|Charlie 1 class]] nuclear submarine. Negotiations were cancelled when the Russian submarine was returned in 1991.<ref>http://chinadefense.xinjunshi.com/ChinaDefense/PLANavyEquipment/91.html</ref>

===Atlantique incident===
The [[Atlantique Incident]] was a major international incident on 10 August 1999 where a Pakistan Navy plane ([[Breguet Atlantic]]) with 16 on board was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch|Kutch]] region by Indian Air Force jets, with Pakistan and India both claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace. However, the wreckage fell well within Pakistani territory, giving credence to the Pakistani claim. The Indian Air Force stated that the Atlantique was trying to return to Pakistani airspace after intruding more than 10 nautical miles and as such was headed towards Pakistan. At the speed of 400 knots at which the shootdown occurred most of the wreckage could have been expected to land at least 25 miles from the shootdown; the fact that all of the wreckage fell in Pakistani territory would tend to vindicate Pakistani claims that the aircraft did not violate Indian airspace. This incident resulted in escalated tensions between the two neighbouring countries. {{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on December 26, 2004. Pakistan sent vessels to [[Sri Lanka]] and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm Pakistan navy sends ships to rescue tsunami victims</ref>

==Personnel==
[[Image:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistan Navy Officers On Guard By the National Flag]]
[[Image:080225-N-9167V-007.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistani navy Commodore Khan Hasham Bin Saddique, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, February 25, 2008.]]
The Pakistan Navy has around 24,000 active personnel and 5,000 in reserve.<ref name= Malaya>[http://www.malaya.com.ph/jun25/eddahli.htm] Anchors aweigh, Pakistan</ref> The force includes a small Naval Air Arm and the approximately 2,000 member [[paramilitary]] Maritime Security Agency, charged primarily with protecting Pakistan's [[exclusive economic zone]](EEZ).<ref name=Malaya/> The Navy also comprises the [[Special Services Group Navy]], a marine [[commando]] unit as well as a Marine unit, both stationed at Karachi. The SSG(N) and Marines are believed to number around 1,000 in troop strength each. Pakistan Navy recently began inducting women for combat positions apart from the existing administrative posts, becoming one of the few [[Islamic Republic]]s to do so.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/update_detail.asp?id=15213] 22 female sailors inducted in Pak navy</ref>

===Naval Headquarters===
*[[Admiral]] [[Noman Bashir]] - [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]]
*[[Vice Admiral]] [[Shahid Iqbal]] - Chief of Staff (COS)
*Vice Admiral Abbas Raza - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Operations)
*Rear Admiral Waqar Siddiq - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Supply)
*Rear Admiral Saleem Akhtar - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects)
*Rear Admiral Mohammad Shafiq - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects-2)
*Rear Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Training and Personnel)
*Rear Admiral Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain - Naval Secretary (NS)
*Rear Admiral Shahid Saeed - Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Material)
*Rear Admiral Waseem Akram - DG Naval Intelligence (DG NI)

===Commands===
*Vice Admiral Muhammad Asif Sandila — Commander Logistics (COMLOG), Karachi
*Vice Admiral Tanveer Faiz — Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK), Karachi
*Vice Admiral Tayyab Ali Dogar — Commander Coast (COMCOAST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Shafqat Jawed — Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Sayyid Khawar Ali — Commander Karachi (COMKAR), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Syed Bashir Ahmed — Commandant, [[Pakistan Navy War College]] (PNWC), [[Lahore]]
*Commodore Raja Jamil Akhtar — Commander North (COMNOR), [[Islamabad]]

===External billets===
*Rear Admiral Khalid Amin — DG Maritime Technologies Complex (MTC), Islamabad
*Rear Admiral Tahseen Ullah Khan — DG [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Siddique — Commandant, National Security (NS) College at [[National Defence University, Islamabad|NDU Islamabad]]
*Rear Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi - Commander Combined Task Force 150, Manama, Bahrain.
*Rear Admiral Syed Arifullah Hussaini — DG Training and Joint Warfare at Joint Staff HQ, [[Chaklala]]
*Rear Admiral Adnan Nazir — DG (Media) at [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI), Islamabad
*Rear Admiral Shah Sohail Masood — Additional Secretary-III (Navy) at [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Rawalpindi]]
*L/Rear Admiral Azhar Hayat — General Manager (Operations), [[Karachi Port Trust]] (KPT)

==List of Naval Chiefs==
[[File:FM-90 SAM.JPG|[[HQ-7#HQ-7A .28FM-90.29|FM-90]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system.|thumb|FM-90 On board PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:C-802 anti ship missile.JPG|Two 4-cell [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile]] launchers.|thumb|C-802 Anti Ship Missile on board PNS Zulfiqar]]

{{Main|Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)}}
# Rear Admiral [[James Wilfred Jefford]] (August 15, 1947 - January 30, 1953)<ref name ="PIC Book">Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema. ''The Armed Forces of Pakistan'', New York: New York University Press. 2003. pp. 86~90</ref>
# Vice Admiral [[HMS Choudri|Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri]] (January 31, 1953 - 28 February 1959)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] (March 1, 1959 - October 20, 1966)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] (October 20, 1966 - August 31, 1969)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Muzaffar Hassan]] (September 1, 1969 - December 22, 1971)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] (March 3, 1972 - March 9, 1975)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] (March 23, 1975 - March 21, 1979)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]] (March 22, 1979 - March 23, 1983)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]] (March 23, 1983 - April 9, 1986)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] (April 9, 1986 - November 9, 1988)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Yastur-ul-Haq Malik]] (November 10, 1988 - November 8, 1991)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] (November 9, 1991 - November 9, 1994)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# [[Mansurul Haq]] (November 10, 1994 - May 1, 1997)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] (May 2, 1997 - October 2, 1999)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] (October 2, 1999 - October 2, 2002)<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] (October 3, 2002 - October 6, 2005)
# Admiral [[Afzal Tahir]] (October 7, 2005 - October 7, 2008)
# Admiral [[Noman Bashir]] (October 7, 2008–present)

==Organization==
The supreme commander of the Navy is the Chief of the Naval Staff. Admiral Noman Bashir is the current Chief of the Navy.

The navy has six commands:
* '''COMKAR (Commander Karachi)''' - Looks after the shore establishments of the Navy which provide services and training facilities for the PN. He also looks after the protocol at Karachi. His responsibilities also include harbour defence.
* '''COMPAK (Commander Pakistan Fleet)''' - The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands. In fact, this command is the war fighting machine having 4 dimensional components. Previously, it included the 25th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
* '''COMCOAST (Commander COAST)''' - The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
* '''COMLOG (Commander Logistics)''' - This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
* '''FOST (Flag Officer Sea Training)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
* '''COMNOR (Commander North)''' - Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan;
* '''COMWEST (Commander WEST)''' - Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]].

===Ranks===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
!colspan=12 bgcolor="green"| '''PN Officer Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Admiral(Adm)
!Vice Admiral
!Rear Admiral
!Commodore
!Captain
!Commander
!Lieutenant Commander
!Lieutenant
!Sub Lieutenant
!Midshipman
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
|align="center"|
|align="center"|[[Image:Vice Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Rear Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|[[Image:Lieutenant Commander Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Sub Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Midshipman Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
!colspan=12 bgcolor="green"| '''PN Sailor Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Master Chief Petty Officer
!Fleet Chief Petty Officer
!Chief Petty Officer
!Petty Officer
!Leading
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|}

==Training institutions==
Pakistan Navy has an academy of its own called the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], it is the home of initial training of officers of Pakistan Navy. The academy also has provided basic training to the officers of Allied Navies. The Chief of Naval Staff of [[Qatar Emiri Navy]] and many high ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the PNA. The academy is a full fledged training institution catering to the needs to Pakistani junior Naval officers. The Navy also has its own navy war college called the [[Pakistan Navy War College]]<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm</ref> specializing in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan marine forces.

Other worthwhile training institutions are:

'''PNS Bahadur''': conducts specialist courses.

'''PNS Himalaya''': for basic training of sailors. HET is a way to be commissioned officer from sailors.

'''PNS Karsaz''': It is the Largest and the most organized technical training Establishment of Pakistan Navy. The establishment has the previlige to host many heads of states since its commissioning. It is considered the mother unit of PNS MEHRAN, PNS JAUHAR, PNS BAHADUR, ASD and other PN units in that area. The unit celebrated its golden jubilee in 2003 under the command of Cdre M B Chaudhry.
PNS KARSAZ also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of Rs 88.00 Millions during 2003-5. Cdre M Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant KARSAZ during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists. Rangoon wala trust contributed the most. In fact PNS KARSAZ is a complete
Naval unit which can operate independently in all spheres.

[[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|'''PNS Jauhar''']]: for technical training of officers.

[[
]]PNS Jauhar has been absorbed by the [[National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical and Electronics Engineering.

==Special Forces==
[[Image:Naval SSG.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG operating in the Gulf of Oman]]
===Special Services Group (N)===
{{Main|Special Service Group Navy}}
Special Service Group Navy (SSGN) is an independent commando division of the Pakistan Navy. It is an elite special operations force. Official numbers place the strength between 700 to 1,000, in 1 Company; however the actual strength is classified.

===Marines===
{{Main|Pakistan Marines}}
Pakistan Navy Marines division was re-established on April 14, 1990 with about 2000 men and plans to expand the force significantly by 2015. The naval marines are based at [[Port Qasim]] naval base.

==Fleet composition==
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|right|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[File:Milgem4.jpg|thumb|MILGEM Corvette]]<ref>http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=160147</ref>
[[Image:USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG 60) Full.jpg|thumb|right|Mclanery (ASW) Class For Pakistan Navy (August 2010)]]
[[Image:PNSShahjahan.jpg|thumb|PNS Shahjahan]]
[[Image:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[Image:BaburCruise.jpg|thumb|right|Babur Cruise Missile]]
[[Image:Harpoonlaunch.gif|thumb|right|Harpoon Block II test firing.]]
[[Image:Naval patrol.JPG|thumb|A Pakistan Navy Hover Craft]]
[[Image:Panther-051306-N-9546C-001.jpg||thumb|right|Z-9C]]
Ships with respect to their classes:<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website - Frigates]</ref><ref name="PakDef - Patrol Craft">[http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/navy/missileboats.html PakDef - Patrol Craft]</ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website - Missile Boats]</ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org]</ref>

{{Standard table|0}}
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Ship
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Quantity
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Service entry
! style="text-align: left; background: ;"|Comments
|--
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="4" | [[Frigates]]
|--valign=top
|style="width:170px"| '''[[F-22P|F-22P Zulfiquar class]]''' F-251 PNS Zulfiqar F-252 PNS Shamsheer F-253 PNS Saif F-254 (under construction) 
|align=center| '''4'''
| '''2009''' 2009
| PNS Zulfiquar delivered August 2009.
| PNS Shamsheer delivered December 2009.
| PNS Saif to be deliver in 2010.
|--
|colspan=4| 
|--
| '''[[Type 21 frigate|Tariq class]]''' F181 [[PNS Tariq]] F182 [[PNS Babur]] F183 [[PNS Khaibar]] F184 [[PNS Badr]] F185 [[PNS Shah Jahan]] F186 [[PNS Tippu Sultan]] || '''6''' || '''1990s''' ||
|--
|colspan=4| 
|--
| '''[[Oliver Hazard Perry class]]''' PNS Alamgheer[[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] || '''6 to be deliver by 211-2012''' || '''2010''' || 1 will be transferred in aug 2010. <ref>[http://www.brahmand.com/news/Pak-signs-USD-65-million-deal-for-US-frigate/3696/1/10.html]</ref>
|}

{| class="wikitable" border=1 width=550 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Mine Hunters'''
|-
|4||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Eridan class]] Mine Hunter vessels
* [[M164 Mujahid]]
* [[M166 Munsif]]
* [[M167 Muhafiz]]
* [[M168 Mahmood]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Missile Boats'''
|-
|6||Jalalat class
* [[P1023 PNS Jurrat]]
* [[P1028 PNS Quwwat]]
* [[P1022 PNS Jalalat]]
* [[P1024 PNS Shujat]]
* P1029 ?
* P1030 ?
|-
|5||Larkana class
* [[PNS Larkana]]
|-
|3||[[Type 021 class missile boat|Sabqat class (huangefeng)]]
* P1025 PNS Azmat
* P1026 PNS Deshmat
* P1027 PNS Himmat
|-
|1||[[Type 024 class missile boat|Hegu class]]
* P1021 PNS Haibat
|-
|1|| ?
* PNS Rajshahi
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Multi Role Tactical Platform'''
|-
|2|| MRTP-33
* PNS Zarrar
* PNS Karrar
|-
|2|| MRTP-15
* P01 PNS ?
* P02 PNS ?
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Auxiliary'''
|-
|1|| Fuqing class
* A47 PNS Nasr
|-
|1|| Poolster class
* A20 PNS Moawin
|-
|2|| Coastal tankers
* PNS Kalmat
* PNS Gawadar
|-
|1|| Hydrographic Survey Vessel
* PNS Behr Paima
|-
|1|| Dredging Vessel
* PNS Behr Khusha
|-
|2|| Small tanker cum utility ship (STUS)
* PNS ? (launched)
* PNS ? (underconstruction)
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Training vessel'''
|-
|1|| [[Leander class frigate]]
* F262 PNS Zulfiqar
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Hover Crafts'''
|-
|12||[[Griffon]] class
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Patrol boats'''
|-
|12+5|| 12 Gulf Crafts and, 5 patrol boats USA delivered as donation on 13 Feb 2010 at Karachi.<ref>http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html</ref>
|}

====Submarines====


A total of five active diesel electric submarines plus 3 midget submarines, MG110 are in the Naval inventory.<ref name="PN">Anon. (14 April 2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''.</ref> These include:

{| class="wikitable" border=1 width=550 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
submarine<ref>http://www.janes.com/news/defence/naval/jdw/jdw081202_1_n.shtml Pakistan on verge of selecting HDW submarine</ref>
|-
|3||[[Agosta 90B class submarine]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* PNS/M Khalid
* PNS/M Saad
* PNS/M Hamza
|-
|2||[[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 70]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* PNS/M Hasmat
* PNS/M Hurmat
|}

All of the Pakistani SSKs have been equipped with AshMs which can be fired while submerged. The three Khalid class boats are capable of firing Exocet AshM, while the older Agostas and Daphnes have been equipped with US Harpoon AshMs. PNS/M Hamza (third Agosta-90B) is equipped with the MESMA Air Independent Propulsion system, PNS/M Khalid and PNS/M Saad will be upgraded with the same MESMA AIP system in the near future. The Pakistan Navy also plans to integrate the Boeing Harpoon Block II on to its Agosta-90Bs; and currently the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing Blackshark torpedoes.

In mid-2006 the Pakistan Navy announced its requirement of three new SSK attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its fleet - after retiring the four Daphne Class. The French naval firm DCN had offered its latest export design - the Marlin SSK - which is based on the Scorpene SSK, but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine. However, the Pakistan Navy is said to have chosen the [[Type 214]] submarine. During the IDEAS 2008 exhibition, the HDW chief Walter Freitag told “The commercial contract has been finalised up to 95 per cent,” he said. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months.<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French - Paktribune</ref>

Pakistan is also seeking to enhance its strategic strike capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM). The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads. Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.

====Frigates====
[[File:The side of the PNS Zulfiquar.jpg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|right|PNS Badr (F184) steams alongside [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]] in November of 2005]]
The Navy's eight frigates include six ex-British ''Amazon'' class ([[PNS Babur]]) ships. These are expected to retire between 2010 and 2020.In 2005 Pakistan ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> One of the F-22Ps will be built in the Karachi Shipyard. The F-22Ps also have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, it has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The first F-22P is called PNS Zulfiqar, and thus the F-22Ps will be called Zulfiqar Class.
According to Janes the Pakistan Navy is expected to place a formal request to the U.S. for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These may replace the Type-21s and act as stop-gaps until new-built frigates and corvettes are commissioned. The weapons and systems on the PN FFG-7 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with considerable anti-submarine warfare capability will be handed over in August 2010.<ref name="nation.com.pk">[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/19-Oct-2008/Bush-okays-antisubmarine-frigate-for-Pak Bush okays anti-submarine frigate for Pak]</ref>
According to Janes' IDEAS2004 interview with former Pakistan Navy Chief ex-Admiral Karimullah at least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy. The new frigate will be larger and superior to the F-22P; it will likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability; and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Kanwa recently reported that the Pakistan Navy has shown recent interest in the, non other than, Chinese [[Type 054 frigate#Type 054A|Type 054A frigate]]. Another potential option could be the TKMS [[MEKO]] A-200 frigate.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}

====Corvettes & missile boats====
The Pakistan Navy operates four Jalalat class 200 ton missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design. In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33 METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft</ref> The first will be delivered in 2008. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

===Pakistan Naval Aviation===
{{Main|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}
[[Image:Breguet Atlantique p1040655.jpg|thumb|right|Breguet Atlantique]]
[[Image:Lynx 335 HMS Cardiff March 1982.jpg|thumb|right|Westland Lynx]]
Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

Currently the PN Aviation Force consists of:

* 3 [[Westland Lynx]] - anti-ship/anti-submarine/transport helicopters
* 6 [[Westland Sea King|Westland Sea King Mk45]] - transport helicopters<ref>http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/west_king.php</ref> Have been based at Karachi.
* 8 [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]] - transport/anti-ship helicopters<ref>http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/asiapac/pakistan.htm</ref>
* 4 [[Lockheed P-3|Lockheed P-3C Orion]] - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft/airborne early warning. Future supply of 7 more under an agreement with Lockheed Martin signed in 2006<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2005/pakistan-050831-irna02.htm</ref>. Two upgraded P-3C Orion delivered on 7th Jan 2010 while one was delivered in Nov 2009. Another two advanced P-3C Orion aircrafts to be delivered soon <ref>http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/us-to-provide-pak-two-advanced-p-3c-orion-naval-surveillance-aircrafts_100356210.html</ref>.
* 7 [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200 Friendship]] - maritime surveillance aircraft<ref name=globalsecurity>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm</ref>
* 2 [[Breguet Atlantique|Breguet Atlantique I]] - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft.<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* 12+ [[Dassault Mirage V]] - anti-ship attack aircraft flown by PAF which are based at PAF base Masroor in Karachi <ref name=globalsecurity/> (operated by the Pakistan Air Force)
* Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
* 6 [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters

====Others====

The Pakistan Navy has one Poolster Class AOR and one Fuqing Class AOR auxiliary tankers as well as two Gwadar class coastal tankers. Three Eridan Class mine hunters are also in service with the PN; plans for additional mine hunters are underway.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}

The Navy plans to procure a single replenishment tanker as well as up to two mine countermeasure vessels.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}

==PN Role in War on Terror==
[[Image:071125-N-6794Z-004.jpg|thumb|right|A member of Pakistan Navy Special Service Group is silhouetted by the setting sun aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur (D 182) while under way in the Arabian Sea November 25, 2007.]]
The Pakistani Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[Combined Task Force 150]].<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html (Pakistan's Role on the War on Terror</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from March 24, 2006 till February 25, 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France]</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pakistan Coast Guard]]
* [[Bahria University]]
* [[Jinnah Naval Base]]
* [[Kalmat Naval Base]]

;Related lists
* [[List of navies]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947-2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | accessdate=June 22, 2005}}

==External links==
*[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy's official site]
*[http://www.bckk.edu.pk/ Bahria College PNS Karsaz Karachi]
*[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/ Inter Services Public Relations]
*[http://flagspot.net/flags/pk~nav.html Ranks and Insignia in Navy]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy-intro.htm Global Security Organization]
*[http://pakistanimedals.com Pakistan's Medal]
*[http://www.pakistanimedals.com Pakistani Medals Collection]
*[http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-pakistan+to+pay+78+mn+for+30+year+old+frigate--bi-07 Pakistan buys Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate USS McInerney from US Navy]

{{Military of Pakistan}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy]]

[[ms:Tentera Laut Pakistan]]
[[ru:Военно-морские силы Пакистана]]
[[simple:Pakistan Navy]]
[[ur:پاک بحریہ]]

Montecuccoli-Klasse

2010-06-15T00:26:05Z

Sourcelat0r: bild

[[File:Raimondo Montecuccoli SLV Green.jpg|thumb|Raimondo Montecuccoli]]
Die '''Montecuccoli-Klasse''' war eine Klasse leichter [[Kreuzer (Schiff)|Kreuzer]] der [[Italienische Marine|italienischen Marine]]. Die Klasse bestand aus zwei Anfang der 1930er Jahre in [[Triest]] und [[Genua]] gebauten Schiffen:

* ''[[Raimondo Montecuccoli]]'' (Typschiff)
* ''[[Muzio Attendolo Sforza|Muzio Attendolo]]''

Diese beiden 1935 in Dienst gestellten Schiffe stellten eine erhebliche Verbesserung der [[Alberto-di-Giussano-Klasse]] und der [[Cadorna-Klasse]] dar, mit der sie die so genannten ''[[Condottieri]]-Klassen'' bildeten. Sie zeichneten sich durch ihre hohe Geschwindigkeit aus, wobei ihre Panzerung im Vergleich zu den beiden Vorgängerklassen wesentlich verbessert wurde. Diesen Trend führte man auch bei den folgenden [[Duca-d’Aosta-Klasse|Duca-d’Aosta-]] und [[Duca-degli-Abruzzi-Klasse]]n weiter.

== Technische Daten ==

=== Hauptabmessungen ===
* Länge über alles: 182,2 m
* Breite über alles: 16,6 m
* Tiefgang: 6 m
* Verdrängung: 8.895 ts (maximal)

=== Antriebsanlage ===
* 6 [[Dampfkessel]], 106.000 PS
* 3 Turbinen, 3 Schrauben
* Höchstgeschiwindigkeit: 37 kn
* Reichweite: 4.122 sm bei 18 kn

=== Panzerung ===
* Vertikal: 70 mm
* Horizontal: 25 mm
* Artillerie: 70 mm
* Aufbauten: 100 mm

=== Besatzung und Bewaffnung ===
* Besatzung: 578 Mann
* 8x 152/54 mm in vier Doppeltürmen
* 6x 100/47 mm in drei Doppeltürmen
* 8x 37/54 mm [[Flak]]
* 8x 13,2 mm MG
* 4x 553 mm Torpedorohre
* 2 Bordflugzeuge

== Einsätze ==

=== Raimondo Montecuccoli ===
Der Kreuzer ''Raimondo Montecuccoli'' nahm im Zweiten Weltkrieg an folgenden Gefechten und Seeschlachten teil:
* [[Seeschlacht bei Punta Stilo]]
* [[Erstes Seegefecht im Golf von Syrte]]
* [[Operationen Vigorous und Harpoon]]
* [[Operation Pedestal]]
Nach dem [[Waffenstillstand]] vom 8. September 1943 begab er sich entsprechend der Waffenstillstandsklauseln nach [[Malta]]. Bis [[1945]] wurde der Kreuzer ''Montecuccoli'' für Transportaufgaben eingesetzt. Von [[1949]] bis zu seiner Außerdienststellung im Jahr [[1964]] diente er der [[Marineakademie Livorno|Marineakademie in Livorno]] als [[Schulschiff]]. In dieser Zeit befuhr der Kreuzer alle Weltmeere.

=== Muzio Attendolo ===
Der Kreuzer ''Muzio Attendolo'' nahm ebenfalls an den o.g. Seeschlachten teil. Am 13. August [[1942]] (Seeschlacht im August 1942) wurde er vom britischen [[U-Boot]] ''HMS Unbroken'' am Bug schwer beschädigt. Während der Reparaturarbeiten in [[Neapel]] versenkten alliierte Bomber den Kreuzer am 4. Dezember 1942.

== Siehe auch ==
* [[Liste von Schiffsklassen der italienischen Marine]]
* [[Italienische Marineverbände im Zweiten Weltkrieg]]
{{Navigationsleiste Klassen des Kreuzer-Typs Condottieri}}

[[Kategorie:Militärschiff (Regia Marina)|!]]
[[Kategorie:Militärschiffsklasse (Italien)]]
[[Kategorie:Leichter Kreuzer]]

[[cs:Raimondo Montecuccoli (1931)]]
[[en:Italian cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli]]
[[it:Raimondo Montecuccoli (incrociatore)]]
[[ru:Лёгкие крейсера типа «Раймондо Монтекукколи»]]