Slutshaming

2013-03-28T21:25:24Z

SergeantHippyZombie: Reverted 1 edit by 208.38.59.161 (talk) to last revision by 97.101.180.111. (TW)

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'''Slut shaming''' (also hyphenated, as '''slut-shaming''') is defined as the act of making a woman feel [[Guilt (emotion)|guilty]] or inferior for engaging in certain sexual behaviors that violate traditional gender expectations.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Sharon |title=The 'Right' Sexuality for Girls. |journal=[[Chronicle of Higher Education]] |date=27 June 2008 |volume=54 |issue=42 |pages=B14–B15 |issn=00095982 |quote=In Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk About Sexuality (Harvard University Press, 2002), Deborah L. Tolman complained that we've "desexualized girls' sexuality, substituting the desire for relationship and emotional connection for sexual feelings in their bodies." Recognizing that fact, theorists have used the concept of desire as a way to undo the double standard that applauds a guy for his lust, calling him a player, and shames a girl for hers, calling her a slut.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albury |first1=Kath |last2=Crawford |first2=Kate |title=Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond ''Megan's Story'' |journal=[[Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies]] |date=18 May 2012 |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=463–473 |doi=10.1080/10304312.2012.665840 |accessdate=13 December 2012 |quote=Certainly the individualizing admonishment to 'think again' offers no sense of the broader legal and political environment in which sexting might occur, or any critique of a culture that requires young women to preserve their 'reputations' by avoiding overt demonstrations of sexual knowingness and desire. Further, by trading on the propensity of teenagers to feel embarrassment about their bodies and commingling it with the anxiety of mobiles being ever present, the ad becomes a potent mix of technology fear and body shame.}}</ref>

It is also used as a form of [[victim blaming]] for [[rape]] and [[sexual assault]], such as claiming the crime was caused (either in part or in full) due the woman wearing revealing clothing or previously acting in a forward, sexual manner before not consenting to sex.<ref name="asking" />

It is also a term often used to provide support for women who lead or have led sexually promiscuous lifestyles. In such context, it is implied that women should not bear the burden of responsibility for indiscriminate sexual history, and that their current or former lifestyle should not affect perceptions of their social value as individuals. Specifically, it is emphasized by users of the term that men should not consider current or former sexual promiscuity as a factor during selection of female mating partners.

==Newsworthy events==
The [[SlutWalk]] protest march started in [[Toronto]] in response to an incident where a Toronto Police officer told a group of students that they could avoid sexual assault by not dressing like "sluts".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ringrose |first1=Jessica |last2=Renold |first2=Emma |title=Slut-shaming, girl power and 'sexualisation': thinking through the politics of the international SlutWalks with teen girls |journal=Gender and Education |year=2011 |month=October |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=333–343 |doi=10.1080/09540253.2011.645023 |url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ964730&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ964730}}</ref><ref>[http://www.slutwalktoronto.com/ SlutWalk Toronto]</ref><ref name="asking">{{cite journal |last1=McCormack |first1=Clare |last2=Prostran |first2=Nevena |title=Asking for It |journal=[[International Feminist Journal of Politics]] |year=2012 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=410–414 |doi=10.1080/14616742.2012.699777 |accessdate=13 December 2012}}</ref>

The term has since been used when describing the comments of [[Rush Limbaugh]] during the [[Rush_Limbaugh–Sandra_Fluke_controversy|Rush Limbaugh-Sandra Fluke controversy]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ball |first=Krystal |title=Boycott Rush |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/krystal-ball/rush-limbaugh-sandra-fluke_b_1315805.html |work=The Blog |publisher=Huffington Post |accessdate=13 December 2012 |date=03 February 2012 |quote=This type of despicable behavior is part and parcel of a time-worn tradition of Slut-Shaming. When women step out line, they are demeaned and degraded into silence. If you say Herman Cain sexually harassed you, you are a slut. If you say Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas sexually harassed you, you are a slut.}}</ref> The controversy that erupted may have long-term effects on the incidence of slut-shaming in broadcast media.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Legge |first1=Nancy J. |last2=DiSanza |first2=James R. |last3=Gribas |first3=John |last4=Shiffler |first4=Aubrey |title="He sounded like a vile, disgusting pervert..." An Analysis of Persuasive Attacks on Rush Limbaugh During the Sandra Fluke Controversy |journal=Journal of Radio & Audio Media |year=2012 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=173–205 |doi=10.1080/19376529.2012.722468 |accessdate=13 December 2012 |quote=It is also possible that the Limbaugh incident has turned "slut-shaming," or other similar attacks on women, into a "Devil-term." It may be possible that Limbaugh's insults were so thoroughly condemned that he and others (such as Bill Maher) will have a more difficult time insulting women who are not virgins, or attacking them in other sexist ways.}}</ref>

==Use of the term "slut"==
{{main|Slut}}
The term “slut” is often applied to women who have sex with multiple partners,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lamb |first=Sharon |title=The 'Right' Sexuality for Girls. |journal=[[Chronicle of Higher Education]] |date=27 June 2008 |volume=54 |issue=42 |pages=B14–B15 |issn=00095982 |quote=In Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk About Sexuality (Harvard University Press, 2002), Deborah L. Tolman complained that we've "desexualized girls' sexuality, substituting the desire for relationship and emotional connection for sexual feelings in their bodies." Recognizing that fact, theorists have used the concept of desire as a way to undo the double standard that applauds a guy for his lust, calling him a player, and shames a girl for hers, calling her a slut.}}</ref> are sexually active at an early age,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albury |first1=Kath |last2=Crawford |first2=Kate |title=Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond ''Megan's Story'' |journal=[[Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies]] |date=18 May 2012 |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=463–473 |doi=10.1080/10304312.2012.665840 |accessdate=13 December 2012 |quote=Certainly the individualizing admonishment to ‘think again’ offers no sense of the broader legal and political environment in which sexting might occur, or any critique of a culture that requires young women to preserve their 'reputations' by avoiding overt demonstrations of sexual knowingness and desire. The term is said to be often used by women and men to [[Defamation|defame]] those that they dislike.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Boston Women's Health Book Collective |title=Our Bodies, Ourselves |year=2011 |publisher=Touchstone |location=New York |isbn=1439190666 |edition=40th anniversary |pages=144–145}}</ref>
[[File:SlutWalk NYC October 2011 Shankbone 4.JPG|thumb|Two women protesting victim-blaming and slut-shaming at New York City's [[SlutWalk]] in October 2011<ref>[http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2011/10/slutwalk_rally.php SlutWalk Rally Against Sexual Violence Draws Huge Crowd of Feminists], Rebecca Nathanson, ''[[Village Voice]]'', October 2, 2011</ref>]] Slut-shaming has also been used to define the boundary of acceptable sexual behavior,<ref>{{cite book |last=Blank |first=Hanne |title=Straight: The Surprisingly Short History of Hetrosexuality |year=2012 |publisher=Beacon Press |isbn=9780807044445 |accessdate=14 December 2012 |page=43 |quote=This is why 'slut' and 'prude,' 'pervert' and 'deviant' all work so well as insults and as ways to police the boundaries of sex doxa. The labest are effertless to deploy and hard, even impossible, to defend against. As any woman who has been the subject of slut-shaming knows all too well--and about two out of three American women deal with this while they are still in high school, according to a 1993 study done by the American Association of University Women--the victim has no traction.}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ringrose |first=Jessica |title=Postfeminist Education?: Girls and the Sexual Politics of Schooling |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136259715 |accessdate=14 December 2012 |page=93–94 |chapter=Sexual regulation and embodied resistance|quote=Psychosocially slut-shaming appears to express a dynamic where jealousy gets sublimated into a socially acceptable form of social critique of girls' sexual expression (Ringrose and Renold, 2012). |series=Foundations and Futures of Education}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Sexual bullying]]
*[[SlutWalk]]
*[[Victim blaming]]
*[[Rush Limbaugh–Sandra Fluke controversy]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Bullying]]
[[Category:Feminist theory]]
[[Category:Misogyny]]
[[Category:Sexuality and society]]
[[Category:Sex- or gender-related stereotypes]]

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Slutshaming