Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Mineplex

2019-03-20T19:16:27Z

SemiHypercube: Declining submission: nn - Submission is about a topic not yet shown to meet general notability guidelines (be more specific if possible) (AFCH 0.9.1)

{{AFC submission|d|nn|u=UnsignificantEditor|ns=118|decliner=SemiHypercube|declinets=20190320191627|ts=20190320191239}} 

{{AFC comment|1=Could possibly be worthy of an article, just needs more reliable sources. [[User:SemiHypercube|Semi]][[User talk:SemiHypercube|Hyper]][[Special:Contributions/SemiHypercube|cube]] 19:16, 20 March 2019 (UTC)}}

----

'''Mineplex''' is a ''[[Minecraft]]'' [[game server]], founded on January 24, 2013 by two Minecraft players with the usernames "Sterling_" and "Spu_".<ref name=oldest>{{cite web|title=7 Oldest Minecraft Servers|url=http://www.oldest.org/entertainment/minecraft-servers/|website=oldest.org|date=22 February 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==History==
The server was founded on January 24, 2013, making it among some of the oldest Minecraft servers. The server's main feature is its minigames, specially customized and heavily-modded multiplayer maps with different challenges. To pay for the server and its development, Mineplex sells in-game cosmetics and special features to players.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wiltshire|first1=Alex|title=The Future Of Minecraft's Biggest Servers|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2015/09/15/minecraft-biggest-servers/|work=[[Rock, Paper, Shotgun]]|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The best Minecraft servers|url=https://www.pcgamesn.com/minecraft/15-best-minecraft-servers|work=[[PCGamesN]]}}</ref> The amount of unique log-ins on the server is unknown, although it could be well into the millions, implied by the 500k+ users on the server's forums alone.<ref name=oldest/> In ''Guinness World Records 2016: Gamers Edition'', Mineplex was listed as the most popular Minecraft server network, having 34,434 players on the server at once on January 28, 2015.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guinness World Records 2016: Gamer's Edition|publisher=Macmillan|pages=115}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Fire Emblem: Three Houses

2018-07-27T11:04:52Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted edits by 112.209.167.186 (talk) to last version by Shellwood

{{notability|products|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Fire Emblem: Three Houses
| image = FE16E32018 logo.svg
| caption =
| developer = [[Intelligent Systems]]
| publisher = [[Nintendo]]
| director =
| producer =
| artist =
| writer =
| composer =
| series = ''[[Fire Emblem]]''
| platforms = [[Nintendo Switch]]
| release = Q2 2019
| genre = [[Tactical role-playing game|Tactical role-playing]]
| modes = [[Single player]]
}}

'''''Fire Emblem: Three Houses'''''{{efn|Known in Japan as {{nihongo|'''''Fire Emblem: Fuukasetsugetsu'''''|ファイアーエムブレム風花雪月|Faiā Emuburemu Fuukasetsugetsu|"Fire Emblem: Wind, Flower, Snow, Moon"|lead=yes}}}} is an upcoming [[Tactical role-playing game|tactical role-playing video game]] for the [[Nintendo Switch]]. The game is the sixteenth main title in the ''Fire Emblem'' series and the first on a home console since 2007's ''[[Fire Emblem: Radiant Dawn]]'', and as such features more detailed graphics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fire Emblem: Three Houses comes to the Switch in 2019 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/12/17451552/fire-emblem-three-houses-nintendo-switch-e3-spring-2019-trailer |website=The Verge |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614040807/https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/12/17451552/fire-emblem-three-houses-nintendo-switch-e3-spring-2019-trailer |archivedate=2018-06-14 |df= }}</ref> The game focuses on four protagonists: Byleth, Edelgard, Dimitri, and Claude.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Fire Emblem}}

[[Category:Upcoming video games scheduled for 2019]]
[[Category:Fire Emblem video games]]
[[Category:Tactical role-playing video games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Japan]]
[[Category:Video games featuring female protagonists]]
[[Category:Nintendo Switch games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Switch-only games]]

{{tactical-rpg-videogame-stub}}

Fire Emblem: Three Houses

2018-07-27T11:02:50Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted edits by 112.209.167.186 (talk) to last version by Shellwood

Fire Emblem: Three Houses

2018-07-27T10:59:49Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted edits by 112.209.167.186 (talk) to last version by SemiHypercube

Fire Emblem: Three Houses

2018-07-27T10:58:20Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted edits by 112.209.167.186 (talk) to last version by Shellwood

Komorenflughund

2018-07-25T00:00:31Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted edits by 124.169.219.209 (talk) to last version by Tom.Reding

{{Taxobox
| status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=18732|title=''Pteropus livingstonii''|assessor=IUCN |assessor-link=IUCN |version=2016.3 |year=2016 |accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref>
| name = Livingstone's fruit bat
| image = Bristol.zoo.livfruitbat.arp.jpg
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Chiroptera]]
| subordo = [[Megachiroptera]]
| familia = [[Pteropodidae]]
| genus = ''[[Pteropus]]''
| species = '''''P. livingstonii'''''
| binomial = ''Pteropus livingstonii''
| binomial_authority = Gray, 1866
| range_map = Pteropus livingstonii range map.svg
| range_map_caption = Livingstone's fruit bat range
}}
'''Livingstone's fruit bat''' (''Pteropus livingstonii''), also called the '''Comoro flying fox''', is a [[megabat]] in the [[genus]] ''[[Pteropus]]''. It is an Old World fruit bat found only in the Anjouan and Mohéli islands in the Union of the [[Comoros]] in the western [[Indian Ocean]].

It is the largest and rarest bat of all Comorian species. Its preferred habitat is [[montane forest]] above 200 metres on Mohéli and above 500 metres on Anjouan, the destruction of which is a major threat to the bat population. As of 2003, the total population was estimated at 1,200 individuals. Other threats to the bats' survival include storms, hunting, and their struggles to readapt to new habitats.<ref name="info">{{cite web | last =Massicot | first =Paul | title =Animal Info - Livingstone's Flying Fox | date =3 Jan 2007 | url =http://www.animalinfo.org/species/bat/pterlivi.htm | accessdate = 2007-05-07}}</ref>

The [[black-bearded flying fox]] is believed to be one of the closest relatives of Livingstone's fruit bats, but experts differ as to whether or not these species belong to the same [[species group]].<ref name=Walker>{{cite book|editor=Nowak, R.| year=1999 | title=Walker's Mammals of the World | volume=1 | edition=6 |publisher= Johns Hopkins University Press | pages= 264–271|isbn= 0-8018-5789-9}}</ref><ref name=msw3>{{MSW3| id= 13800315}}</ref> No subspecies have been recognized.<ref name=Smith2006/>

==Physical appearance==
Livingstone's fruit bats are mostly black in colour, with a scattering of golden or tawny hairs over the rump, belly, and flanks.<ref>[http://www.thewildones.org/Animals/livstone.html thewildones.org]</ref> The amount of golden hair varies between individuals, with some also having a narrow band of golden fur down the back, or golden patches on the shoulders, and others being pure black without any paler hair at all. The wings are black and hairless, as are the legs, nose, and large, rounded ears.<ref name=Smith2006>{{cite journal |author1=Smith, S.J. |author2=Leslie, D.M. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2006 | title = ''Pteropus livingstonii'' | journal = Mammalian Species | pages = Number 792: pp. 1–5 | doi = 10.1644/792.1 | volume = 792}}</ref>

Distinguishing characteristics include their rounded ears, the colour of their fur, and their large, orange or red eyes, reflecting this bat’s well-developed vision.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Encyclopedia of Mammals|last = Macdonald, D.W.|publisher = Oxford University Press|year = 2006|isbn = |location = Oxford|pages = }}</ref> Livingstone's fruit bats weigh {{convert|500|to|800|g|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.durrell.org/Animals/Livingstones-Fruit-Bat/|title = Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = }}</ref> They have a body length of about {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}} and a wingspan up to {{convert|1.4|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Smith2006/> They do not exhibit sexual dimorphism.<ref name="Durrell"/>

The bats have a relatively slow, flapping flight, and often circle in an attempt to gain height, but are also, unlike nocturnal bats, capable of soaring on air thermals. Their wings have an [[aspect ratio (wing)|aspect ratio]] of 6.52, and a [[wing loading]] of 25.8 N/m2, and have been estimated to have a [[turning circle]] of {{convert|11.3|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Lindhe2000>{{cite journal | author = Lindhe-Norburg, U.M. | year = 2000 | title = Soaring and non-soaring bats of the family pteropodidae (flying foxes, ''Pteropus'' spp.): wing morphology and flight performance | journal = Journal of Experimental Biology | volume = 203 | issue = 3 | url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/203/3/651.full.pdf+html | pages = 651–664 | pmid = 10637193}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
Livingstone's fruit bat is found only on the islands of [[Anjouan]] and [[Mohéli]], within the Comoros archipelago between Africa and northern [[Madagascar]].<ref name="Durrell">Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust. 2006. Livingstone’s Fruit Bat Species Factsheet.</ref> It inhabits [[montane forest]] above 200 m on Moheli and above 500 m on Anjouan. All current Livingstone’s fruit bat roosts are restricted to a narrow midaltitudinal range and are strongly associated with the presence of native and endemic trees, with the biggest roosts located in dense-canopy, old-growth forest.<ref name=":1" /> Livingstone’s flying fox appears to show a preference for roosting in certain tree species, in particular the endemic ''Nuxia pseudodentata'' and native ''Gambeya'' spp.<ref name=":1" /> and at forested sites that are typically found on steep slopes, next to valleys where permanent watercourses are present, and facing in a southeast direction and in depressions to provide protection from wind and the midday sun.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|url = |title = Conservation of Pteropus livingstonii based on roost site habitat characteristics on Anjouan and Moheli, Comoros Islands.|last = Granek, E.|date = 2002|journal = Biological Conservation|doi = 10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00093-9|pmid = |access-date =|volume=108|pages=93–100}}</ref> Only 15 roost-sites are currently occupied in Anjouan and six at Moheli.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url = |title = A bat on the brink? A range-wide survey of the Endangered Livingstone’s fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii.|last = Daniel, M.B., Green K. E., Mohamed Salim D., Said I., Hudson M., Doulton H., Dawson J.F., Young R.P.|date = 2014|journal = Under publication|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }}</ref>

==Behaviour and biology==
In captivity, a colony can have a dominant male with up to eight breeding females.<ref name=":0" />

Livingstone’s flying foxes are active both day and night, and are predominantly nocturnal, the highest activity was observed between 10 pm and 2 am.<ref name=":1" /> They typically fly to a feeding site a few hours before dusk, taking advantage of hot, daytime thermals, and hang from the trees before beginning to feed after nightfall.

They forage for food primarily in the upper canopy of the forest, whereas the two other fruit bats native to the Comoros, the Seychelles fruit bat and the Comoro rousette, forage in the middle and lower canopy, respectively.<ref name="Smith2006" />

The diet of Livingstone's fruit bats consists of fruit, pollen, nectar, seeds, and leaves.<ref name="Granek, 2000">Granek, E. 2000. An Analysis of ''Pteropus livingstonii'' Roost Habitat: Indicators for Forest Conservation on Ajouan and Moheli. TRI News: Annual Review of the Tropical Resources Institute Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. 19: 29-32.</ref> They have also been observed to hunt and eat [[moth]]s in captivity.<ref name="Courts1997">{{cite journal | author = Courts, S.E. | year = 1997 | title = Insectivory in captive Livingstone's and Rodrigues fruit bats ''Pteropus livingstonii'' and ''P. rodricensis'' (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): a behavioural adaptation for obtaining protein | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 242 | issue = 2 | pages = 404–410 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb05815.x}}</ref>

They drive off intruders on their feeding territory with chattering sounds, clapping their wings, and chasing, sometimes culminating in clawing and biting. When alarmed, they make squeaking sounds or a deep series of "clucks".<ref name="Smith2006" />

After mating, the pregnant females relocate to maternity roost sites to give birth and raise their young until they reach maturity.<ref name="Durrell"/><ref name="Granek, 2000"/> They give birth to a single pup, typically in early September.<ref name=Trewhella1995>{{cite journal | author = Trewhella, W.J.| year = 1995 | title = Observations on the timing of reproduction in the congeneric Comoro Island fruit bats, ''Pteropus livingstonii'' and ''P. seychellensis'' comorensis | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 236 | issue = 2 | pages = 327–331 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb04497.x|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The young pups are born fully furred and with their eyes open; their big feet are used to grip onto their mothers directly after birth.<ref name="Durrell"/> They begin to forage at 2.5 to 5.0 months of age, and males begin to establish territories at 6 months.<ref name=Smith2006/>

==Conservation==
''P. livingstonii'' is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of fauna and flora)<ref>UNEP-WCMC (Comps.). 2011. Checklist of CITIES species (CD-ROM). CITIES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland, and UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</ref>
In 1995, the IUCN developed an action plan for the species which included research, community education programs, and training of bat monitoring. A nongovernmental organization called Action Comoros initiated this action plan.<ref name="Durrell"/> Action Comoros developed an environmental education program, the main goals of which were to raise awareness, develop resources, train educators, promote knowledge, foster pride, and involve locals. These plans are important in the short-term benefits of conservation and improve a strong foundation of conservation programs for the long term.<ref>Trewhella, W. J., Rodriguez-Clark, K. M., Corp, N., Entwistle, A., Garrett, S. R. T., Granek, E., Lengel, K. L., Raboude, M. J., Reason, P. F., and Sewall, B. J. 2005. Environmental Education as a Component of Multidisciplinary Conservation Programs: Lessons from Conservation Initiatives for Critically Endangered Fruit Bats in the Western Indian Ocean. Conservation Biology. 19:1, 75-85.</ref>

A captive-breeding program was initiated by the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust in 1992. Having a captive-breeding program could save ''P. livingstonii'' from going completely extinct.<ref name="Durrell"/> Many efforts are being made to aid in the survival of ''P. livingstonii'', but as the populations of the natives increase on these Comoros islands, deforestation will continue to rise, as well. As stated by the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, “If the bats’ natural habitat is not protected, this amazing species could be extinct within 10 years.”<ref name="Durrell"/> The breeding program now includes other facilities, with the [[Bristol Zoo]] the site of 30 births from 1999–2013.<ref name="bristol">{{cite news |author= |title=Livingstone's Fruit Bat - Husbandry and Breeding |url=http://www.biaza.org.uk/news/1188/215/Livingstone-s-Fruit-Bat-Husbandry-and-Breeding/ |work=British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums |location=London |date=August 16, 2013 |access-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref> Of those 30 pups, 23 survived.<ref name="bristol"/> The year 2016 was a productive year for the Durrell colony, with six pups born by mid-June.<ref name="durrellFB">{{cite news |author= |title=Successful breeding season |url=https://www.facebook.com/DurrellWildlife/videos/10153508476507041/ |work=Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust |date=June 10, 2016 |access-date=May 1, 2017 }}</ref> The Bristol Zoo and the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust exchange male bats regularly to maintain [[genetic diversity]] and avoid [[inbreeding depression]].<ref name="bristol"/> Nonbreeding male bats have been sent to the [[Chester Zoo]] and the [[Zürich Zoologischer Garten]].<ref name="bristol"/>
Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the [[Alliance for Zero Extinction]] as a species in danger of imminent [[extinction]].<ref name="strategy plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.batcon.org/pdfs/BCI%20Strategic%20Plan%202013.pdf |title=A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation |author= |date=October 2013 |website=batcon.org |publisher=Bat Conservation International |access-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Pteropodidae|P.}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1049623}}

[[Category:Bats of Africa]]
[[Category:Pteropus]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Comoros]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1866]]

QAnon

2018-06-20T01:29:19Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted edits by 174.124.189.70 (talk) to last version by NorthBySouthBaranof

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2018}}
'''QAnon''', also referred to as '''Q''', is the originator of a [[conspiracy theory]] popularized by supporters of U.S. President [[Donald Trump]]. The theory involves a series of cryptic internet postings by a person claiming to have access to classified information involving the Trump administration and its opponents in the United States. QAnon's posting campaign is also referred to as '''The Storm''', detailing a supposed secret counter-coup by the Trump administration against the alleged "[[Deep state in the United States|Deep State]]".

Adherents believe Q's claim that he is a "high-level government insider with [[Q clearance]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/theres-a-new-insane-conspiracy-theory-tearing-up-4chan-1821432397|title=There's a new, insane conspiracy theory tearing up 4chan|first=Randall|last=Colburn|work=AV Club|date=December 19, 2017}}</ref><ref name=ibt/>—a [[United States Department of Energy]] [[security clearance]] comparable to a [[United States Department of Defense]] [[Security clearance#Top Secret|Top Secret]] clearance with Sensitive Compartmentalized Information Access (TS-SCI).

==Origin==
A person identifying as "Q Clearance Patriot" first appeared on the [[/pol/]] board of [[4chan]] on October 28, 2017, posting messages in a thread entitled "Calm Before the Storm",<ref name="nymag">{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/12/qanon-4chan-the-storm-conspiracy-explained.html|title=The Storm Is the New Pizzagate — Only Worse|first=Paris|last=Martineau|work=NY Mag|date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> the latter appearing to be referencing Trump's cryptic description of a gathering of military leaders as "the calm before the storm".<ref name="nymag" /><ref name="newsweek" />

==Reactions==
[[Fox News]] commentator [[Sean Hannity]] has tweeted about QAnon, and the Russian government-funded network [[RT News]] has discussed the topic.<ref name=ibt>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/what-storm-conspiracy-theory-that-mysterious-white-house-official-qanon-leaking-secrets-1655194|title=What is The Storm? Conspiracy theory that mysterious White House official leaks secrets|first=Kashmira|last=Gander|date=January 15, 2018|work=International Business Times}}</ref> The conspiracy theory has been promoted by [[Alex Jones]] and [[Jerome Corsi]].<ref name="newsweek">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-storm-biggest-fake-news-story-796725|title=How "the storm" became the biggest fake news story of 2018|date=February 1, 2018|last=Hayden|first=Michael Edison|work=Newsweek}}</ref>

On March 13, 2018, [[Operation Rescue (Kansas)|Operation Rescue]] vice president and pro-life activist [[Cheryl Sullenger]] referred to QAnon as a "small group of insiders close to President Donald J. Trump" and called his internet postings the "highest level of intelligence to ever be dropped publicly in our known history".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/operation-rescue-hypes-qanon-blockbuster-intel-drop-about-planned-parenthood/|title=Operation Rescue Hypes QAnon ‘Blockbuster Intel Drop’ About Planned Parenthood {{!}} Right Wing Watch|date=March 15, 2018|first=Miranda|last=Blue|work=Right Wing Watch|access-date=April 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.operationrescue.org/archives/blockbuster-intel-drop-reveals-trump-is-trying-to-end-planned-parenthood-twitter-attempts-censorship/|title=Blockbuster Intel Drop Reveals Trump is Trying to “End” Planned Parenthood – Twitter Attempts Censorship|date=March 13, 2018|first=Cheryl|last=Sullenger|author-link=Cheryl Sullenger|work=Operation Rescue|access-date=April 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

On March 31, 2018, US actress [[Roseanne Barr]] appeared to promote the conspiracy theory, which was subsequently covered by [[CNN]], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', and ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/31/politics/roseanne-barr-conspiracy-tweets/index.html|title=Roseanne tweets support of Trump conspiracy theory, confuses Twitter|last=Cole|first=Devan|work=CNN|access-date=April 1, 2018|date=December 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2018/03/31/the-conspiracy-theory-behind-a-curious-roseanne-barr-tweet-explained/|title=Analysis {{!}} The conspiracy theory behind a curious Roseanne Barr tweet, explained|last=Weigel|first=David|author-link=David Weigel|date=March 31, 2018|work=Washington Post|access-date=April 1, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://thehill.com/homenews/media/381123-roseanne-barr-faces-social-media-backlash-over-trump-conspiracy-theory-tweet |title= Roseanne Barr faces backlash over Trump conspiracy theory tweet |last=Bowden |first= Tohn |work= The Hill |access-date=March 31, 2018|date=March 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/06/opinion/qanon-trump-conspiracy-theory.html|title=Opinion {{!}} The Conspiracy Theory That Says Trump Is a Genius|date=April 6, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 6, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|first=Michelle|last=Goldberg|author-link=Michelle Goldberg}}</ref>

[[Reddit]] banned one of its communities discussing QAnon, /r/CBTS_Stream, for "encouraging or inciting violence and posting personal and confidential information". Following this, some followers moved to [[Discord (software)|Discord]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/15/17123964/reddit-discord-server-bans-cbts-uncensored-news|title=How closely do Discord and Reddit work together?|last=Alexander|first=Julia|date=March 15, 2018|website=Polygon|access-date=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/reddit-bans-r-cbts_stream/|title=Reddit bans popular deep state conspiracy forum for 'inciting violence'|first=Andrew|last=Wyrich|date=March 15, 2018|access-date=April 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pizzagate conspiracy theory]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Conspiracy theories}}

[[Category:Anonymous bloggers]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories in the United States]]
[[Category:2017 controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:4chan phenomena]]
[[Category:United States government secrecy]]
[[Category:Classified information in the United States]]
[[Category:Internet manipulation and propaganda]]
[[Category:Satanic ritual abuse hysteria in the United States]]

Senate of Eswatini

2018-04-20T15:55:05Z

SemiHypercube:

{{Politics of Swaziland}}

The '''Senate of eSwatini''' is the [[Upper house|upper chamber]] of the country's [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of eSwatini|Parliament]]. The Senate may debate or pass a bill, with the exception of a "money bill", which must first be introduced in the [[Lower house|lower chamber]], the [[House of Assembly of eSwatini|House of Assembly]].<ref name=Gov>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=407&Itemid=213 |title=Legislature |publisher=Government of eSwatini}}</ref>

The Senate must not exceed 31 members, and currently numbers 30.<ref name=Gov/> The [[List of monarchs of eSwatini|King of eSwatini]] appoints 20, while the remaining ten are elected by the [[House of Assembly of eSwatini|House of Assembly]].<ref name=CW>{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/swaziland/constitution-politics |title=Swaziland: Constitution and politics |publisher=[[Commonwealth of Nations]]}}</ref> Of these, at least eight of the 20 and at least five of the ten must be women.<ref name=CW/> However, according to the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] database, in 2008, there were 12 women senators instead of the minimum stipulated 13,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2302_08.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2008) |publisher=[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]}}</ref> and in 2013, there were only ten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2302_E.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2013) |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}</ref>

Election is by secret ballot in a [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post system of voting]].<ref name=CP/> All senators serve five-year terms. Each senator must be at least 18 years old, a citizen, a registered voter, and have "paid all taxes or made arrangements satisfactory to the Commissioner of Taxes".<ref name=CP>{{cite web |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Swaziland_2005.pdf?lang=en |title=Swaziland's Constitution of 2005 |website=constitueproject.org}}</ref> Disqualifications are: being insolvent under any law without having been "rehabilitated", being of unsound mind, sentenced to death or more than six months in prison for a crime in Swaziland, a member of the country's armed forces or holding or acting in a public office without being granted a leave of absence to serve in the Senate, unqualified to be a voter, otherwise disqualified by law, found incompetent to hold public office, connected to a firm with a government contract and having not made the proper disclosures regarding the contract, or holding or acting in any office connected with the conduct of any election or the compilation or revision of any electoral register.<ref name=CP/>

In July 2005, a new constitution was approved by the Parliament and signed by King [[Mswati III]]. The first election under the new constitution took place in September 2008.<ref name=CW/> The most recent election was held in September 2013.<ref name=CW/> Gelane Zwane ran unopposed and was elected President of the Senate for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS>{{cite news |title=Gelane, 'Ngoma' Bounce Back |author=Timothy Simelane |newspaper=[[Times of Swaziland]] |date=31 October 2013 |url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/92809-gelane,-%E2%80%98ngoma%E2%80%99-bounce-back.html}}</ref> Ngomuyayona Gamedze was chosen as Deputy President, also for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS/> Six of the King's selections were members of his family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201310291296.html |title=Swaziland: King Appoints 6 of His Family to Senate |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]] |date=29 October 2013}}</ref>

Later in 2013, the Senate banned Members of Parliament from divorcing while in office to "avoid embarrassing the king."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enca.com/africa/swazi-mps-banned-divorcing |title=Swazi MPs banned from divorcing |date=1 December 2013 |publisher=[[eNCA]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[History of Swaziland]]
*[[List of national legislatures]]
*[[List of Presidents of the Senate of Swaziland]]
*[[Legislative branch]]

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.gov.sz}}

{{Swaziland topics}}
{{National upper houses}}

[[Category:National upper houses|Swaziland]]
[[Category:Government of Swaziland]]

Senate of Eswatini

2018-04-20T15:15:06Z

SemiHypercube:

{{Politics of Swaziland}}

The '''Senate of eSwatini''' is the [[Upper house|upper chamber]] of the country's [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of eSwatini|Parliament]]. The Senate may debate or pass a bill, with the exception of a "money bill", which must first be introduced in the [[Lower house|lower chamber]], the [[House of Assembly of eSwatini|House of Assembly]].<ref name=Gov>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=407&Itemid=213 |title=Legislature |publisher=Government of eSwatini}}</ref>

The Senate must not exceed 31 members, and currently numbers 30.<ref name=Gov/> The [[List of kings of eSwatini|King of eSwatini]] appoints 20, while the remaining ten are elected by the [[House of Assembly of eSwatini|House of Assembly]].<ref name=CW>{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/swaziland/constitution-politics |title=Swaziland: Constitution and politics |publisher=[[Commonwealth of Nations]]}}</ref> Of these, at least eight of the 20 and at least five of the ten must be women.<ref name=CW/> However, according to the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] database, in 2008, there were 12 women senators instead of the minimum stipulated 13,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2302_08.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2008) |publisher=[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]}}</ref> and in 2013, there were only ten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2302_E.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2013) |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}</ref>

Election is by secret ballot in a [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post system of voting]].<ref name=CP/> All senators serve five-year terms. Each senator must be at least 18 years old, a citizen, a registered voter, and have "paid all taxes or made arrangements satisfactory to the Commissioner of Taxes".<ref name=CP>{{cite web |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Swaziland_2005.pdf?lang=en |title=Swaziland's Constitution of 2005 |website=constitueproject.org}}</ref> Disqualifications are: being insolvent under any law without having been "rehabilitated", being of unsound mind, sentenced to death or more than six months in prison for a crime in Swaziland, a member of the country's armed forces or holding or acting in a public office without being granted a leave of absence to serve in the Senate, unqualified to be a voter, otherwise disqualified by law, found incompetent to hold public office, connected to a firm with a government contract and having not made the proper disclosures regarding the contract, or holding or acting in any office connected with the conduct of any election or the compilation or revision of any electoral register.<ref name=CP/>

In July 2005, a new constitution was approved by the Parliament and signed by King [[Mswati III]]. The first election under the new constitution took place in September 2008.<ref name=CW/> The most recent election was held in September 2013.<ref name=CW/> Gelane Zwane ran unopposed and was elected President of the Senate for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS>{{cite news |title=Gelane, 'Ngoma' Bounce Back |author=Timothy Simelane |newspaper=[[Times of Swaziland]] |date=31 October 2013 |url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/92809-gelane,-%E2%80%98ngoma%E2%80%99-bounce-back.html}}</ref> Ngomuyayona Gamedze was chosen as Deputy President, also for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS/> Six of the King's selections were members of his family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201310291296.html |title=Swaziland: King Appoints 6 of His Family to Senate |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]] |date=29 October 2013}}</ref>

Later in 2013, the Senate banned Members of Parliament from divorcing while in office to "avoid embarrassing the king."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enca.com/africa/swazi-mps-banned-divorcing |title=Swazi MPs banned from divorcing |date=1 December 2013 |publisher=[[eNCA]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[History of Swaziland]]
*[[List of national legislatures]]
*[[List of Presidents of the Senate of Swaziland]]
*[[Legislative branch]]

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.gov.sz}}

{{Swaziland topics}}
{{National upper houses}}

[[Category:National upper houses|Swaziland]]
[[Category:Government of Swaziland]]

Senate of Eswatini

2018-04-20T15:14:46Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted 1 edit by SemiHypercube (talk): Sorry. I didn't know. (TW)

{{Politics of eSwatini}}

The '''Senate of eSwatini''' is the [[Upper house|upper chamber]] of the country's [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of eSwatini|Parliament]]. The Senate may debate or pass a bill, with the exception of a "money bill", which must first be introduced in the [[Lower house|lower chamber]], the [[House of Assembly of eSwatini|House of Assembly]].<ref name=Gov>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=407&Itemid=213 |title=Legislature |publisher=Government of eSwatini}}</ref>

The Senate must not exceed 31 members, and currently numbers 30.<ref name=Gov/> The [[List of kings of eSwatini|King of eSwatini]] appoints 20, while the remaining ten are elected by the [[House of Assembly of eSwatini|House of Assembly]].<ref name=CW>{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/swaziland/constitution-politics |title=Swaziland: Constitution and politics |publisher=[[Commonwealth of Nations]]}}</ref> Of these, at least eight of the 20 and at least five of the ten must be women.<ref name=CW/> However, according to the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] database, in 2008, there were 12 women senators instead of the minimum stipulated 13,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2302_08.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2008) |publisher=[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]}}</ref> and in 2013, there were only ten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2302_E.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2013) |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}</ref>

Election is by secret ballot in a [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post system of voting]].<ref name=CP/> All senators serve five-year terms. Each senator must be at least 18 years old, a citizen, a registered voter, and have "paid all taxes or made arrangements satisfactory to the Commissioner of Taxes".<ref name=CP>{{cite web |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Swaziland_2005.pdf?lang=en |title=Swaziland's Constitution of 2005 |website=constitueproject.org}}</ref> Disqualifications are: being insolvent under any law without having been "rehabilitated", being of unsound mind, sentenced to death or more than six months in prison for a crime in Swaziland, a member of the country's armed forces or holding or acting in a public office without being granted a leave of absence to serve in the Senate, unqualified to be a voter, otherwise disqualified by law, found incompetent to hold public office, connected to a firm with a government contract and having not made the proper disclosures regarding the contract, or holding or acting in any office connected with the conduct of any election or the compilation or revision of any electoral register.<ref name=CP/>

In July 2005, a new constitution was approved by the Parliament and signed by King [[Mswati III]]. The first election under the new constitution took place in September 2008.<ref name=CW/> The most recent election was held in September 2013.<ref name=CW/> Gelane Zwane ran unopposed and was elected President of the Senate for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS>{{cite news |title=Gelane, 'Ngoma' Bounce Back |author=Timothy Simelane |newspaper=[[Times of Swaziland]] |date=31 October 2013 |url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/92809-gelane,-%E2%80%98ngoma%E2%80%99-bounce-back.html}}</ref> Ngomuyayona Gamedze was chosen as Deputy President, also for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS/> Six of the King's selections were members of his family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201310291296.html |title=Swaziland: King Appoints 6 of His Family to Senate |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]] |date=29 October 2013}}</ref>

Later in 2013, the Senate banned Members of Parliament from divorcing while in office to "avoid embarrassing the king."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enca.com/africa/swazi-mps-banned-divorcing |title=Swazi MPs banned from divorcing |date=1 December 2013 |publisher=[[eNCA]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[History of Swaziland]]
*[[List of national legislatures]]
*[[List of Presidents of the Senate of Swaziland]]
*[[Legislative branch]]

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.gov.sz}}

{{Swaziland topics}}
{{National upper houses}}

[[Category:National upper houses|Swaziland]]
[[Category:Government of Swaziland]]

Senate of Eswatini

2018-04-20T15:10:31Z

SemiHypercube: Reverted 1 edit by 2A00:23C4:6A87:2000:2DB6:4E93:179B:F2CB (talk) to last revision by Clarityfiend. (TW)

{{Politics of Swaziland}}

The '''Senate of Swaziland''' is the [[Upper house|upper chamber]] of the country's [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of Swaziland|Parliament]]. The Senate may debate or pass a bill, with the exception of a "money bill", which must first be introduced in the [[Lower house|lower chamber]], the [[House of Assembly of Swaziland|House of Assembly]].<ref name=Gov>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=407&Itemid=213 |title=Legislature |publisher=Government of Swaziland}}</ref>

The Senate must not exceed 31 members, and currently numbers 30.<ref name=Gov/> The [[List of kings of Swaziland|King of Swaziland]] appoints 20, while the remaining ten are elected by the [[House of Assembly of Swaziland|House of Assembly]].<ref name=CW>{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/swaziland/constitution-politics |title=Swaziland: Constitution and politics |publisher=[[Commonwealth of Nations]]}}</ref> Of these, at least eight of the 20 and at least five of the ten must be women.<ref name=CW/> However, according to the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] database, in 2008, there were 12 women senators instead of the minimum stipulated 13,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2302_08.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2008) |publisher=[[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]}}</ref> and in 2013, there were only ten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2302_E.htm |title=Swaziland Senate: Last elections (2013) |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}</ref>

Election is by secret ballot in a [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post system of voting]].<ref name=CP/> All senators serve five-year terms. Each senator must be at least 18 years old, a citizen, a registered voter, and have "paid all taxes or made arrangements satisfactory to the Commissioner of Taxes".<ref name=CP>{{cite web |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Swaziland_2005.pdf?lang=en |title=Swaziland's Constitution of 2005 |website=constitueproject.org}}</ref> Disqualifications are: being insolvent under any law without having been "rehabilitated", being of unsound mind, sentenced to death or more than six months in prison for a crime in Swaziland, a member of the country's armed forces or holding or acting in a public office without being granted a leave of absence to serve in the Senate, unqualified to be a voter, otherwise disqualified by law, found incompetent to hold public office, connected to a firm with a government contract and having not made the proper disclosures regarding the contract, or holding or acting in any office connected with the conduct of any election or the compilation or revision of any electoral register.<ref name=CP/>

In July 2005, a new constitution was approved by the Parliament and signed by King [[Mswati III]]. The first election under the new constitution took place in September 2008.<ref name=CW/> The most recent election was held in September 2013.<ref name=CW/> Gelane Zwane ran unopposed and was elected President of the Senate for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS>{{cite news |title=Gelane, 'Ngoma' Bounce Back |author=Timothy Simelane |newspaper=[[Times of Swaziland]] |date=31 October 2013 |url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/92809-gelane,-%E2%80%98ngoma%E2%80%99-bounce-back.html}}</ref> Ngomuyayona Gamedze was chosen as Deputy President, also for the third consecutive time.<ref name=ToS/> Six of the King's selections were members of his family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201310291296.html |title=Swaziland: King Appoints 6 of His Family to Senate |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]] |date=29 October 2013}}</ref>

Later in 2013, the Senate banned Members of Parliament from divorcing while in office to "avoid embarrassing the king."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enca.com/africa/swazi-mps-banned-divorcing |title=Swazi MPs banned from divorcing |date=1 December 2013 |publisher=[[eNCA]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[History of Swaziland]]
*[[List of national legislatures]]
*[[List of Presidents of the Senate of Swaziland]]
*[[Legislative branch]]

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.gov.sz}}

{{Swaziland topics}}
{{National upper houses}}

[[Category:National upper houses|Swaziland]]
[[Category:Government of Swaziland]]