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Edward St John Jackson

2022-01-15T16:16:19Z

SdkbBot: /* top */Removed overlinked country wikilink and general fixes (task 2)

{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Sir Edward St John Jackson
|office = Chief Justice of Cyprus
|order = 10th
|honorific-suffix = KCMG, KBE, QC
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|image = File:Sir Edward St. John Jackson.jpg
|alt =
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|caption =
|predecessor = Sir Bernard Arthur Crean
|successor = Sir Eric Hallman
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|office2 = Lieutenant Governor of Malta
|order2 = 24th
|predecessor2 = John Adams Hunter
|party =
|successor2 = Sir [[David Campbell (MP)|David Campbell]]
|birth_date = 14 October 1886
|birth_place =
|death_date = 29 August 1961
|death_place =
|citizenship = British
|nationality =
|otherparty = 
|spouse =
|partner = 
|relations = Sir [[Wilfrid Edward Francis Jackson]] (brother)
|children =
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|alma_mater = [[Stonyhurst College]]
|occupation =
|profession =
|cabinet =
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|term_start = 19 May 1943
|term_end = 1952
|term_start2 = 1940
|term_end2 = 1943
|order3 =
|office3 = Legal Secretary of Malta
|term_start3 = 1937
|term_end3 = 1940
|predecessor3 =
|successor3 =
|order4 = 23rd
|office4 = Attorney General of Ceylon
|term_start4 = 12 May 1929
|term_end4 = 1936
|predecessor4 = [[Lancelot Henry Elphinstone]]
|successor4 = [[John Curtois Howard]]
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =
|father = Sir [[Henry Moore Jackson]]
}}

'''Sir Edward St John Jackson''', {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|KCMG|KBE|QC|sep=,|size=100%}} (14 October 1886 – 29 August 1961) was a British colonial judge and administrator.

The son of [[Henry Moore Jackson|Sir Henry Moore Jackson]], Jackson was educated at [[Stonyhurst College]], [[Beaumont College]], and [[Brasenose College, Oxford]], where he read Law, graduating in 1908. He was [[Call to the bar|called to the bar]] by the [[Inner Temple]] in 1910.

In 1912, he was appointed legal adviser to the Government of [[Gambia Colony and Protectorate|Gambia]]. In 1918, he was appointed Attorney General of the [[Nyasaland Protectorate]], before being appointed to the High Court of the Nyasaland Protectorate in 1920. He was subsequently Attorney General of [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika Territory]] between 1924 and 1929. He was the 23rd [[Attorney General of Ceylon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.attorneygeneral.gov.lk/index.php/history/pastattorneygeneralsnames |title=Permanent Holders of the Office of Attorney General |year=2014 |website=Attorney General's Department |publisher=Sri Lanka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110135336/http://attorneygeneral.gov.lk/index.php/history/pastattorneygeneralsnames |archive-date=2016-11-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was appointed on 12 May 1929, succeeding [[Lancelot Henry Elphinstone]], and held the office until 1936. He was succeeded by [[John Curtois Howard]].<ref name="Amerasinghe1986">{{cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=A. Ranjit B. |title=The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka: the first 185 years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R81WAAAAMAAJ |year=1986 |publisher=Sarvodaya Book Pub. Services |isbn=978-955-599-000-4|page=356}}</ref>

Between 1937 and 1940 Jackson was Legal Secretary to the Government of [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]], and he was the Colony's [[Lieutenant Governor of Malta|Lieutenant Governor]] between 1940 and 1943. From 1943 to 1951 he was [[Chief Justice of Cyprus]]. In 1953 he served as judge, then Chief Judge, to the Supreme Court of the [[British Zone of Occupation]] in Germany. He also served on various government boards in relation to Germany.

Jackson was appointed [[King's Counsel]] (Ceylon) in 1929. He was made a [[Knight Bachelor|knight bachelor]] in 1933, a [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] in 1941 (having previously been appointed an [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] in 1918), and [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]] in 1943.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before={{nowrap|[[Lancelot Henry Elphinstone]]}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Attorney General of Ceylon]]|years=1929–1936}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[John Curtois Howard]]}}}}
{{s-end}}

{{Attorney General of Sri Lanka}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Edward St John}}
[[Category:Attorneys General of British Ceylon]]
[[Category:People educated at Stonyhurst College]]
[[Category:People educated at Beaumont College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Ceylonese Queen's Counsel]]
[[Category:Attorneys-General of Nyasaland]]
[[Category:Nyasaland judges]]
[[Category:British Cyprus judges]]

Bobbi Gibb

2022-01-10T02:27:18Z

SdkbBot: /* Boston Marathon */Removed erroneous space and general fixes (task 1)

{{short description|American marathon runner}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}}
[[File:Bobbi Gibb at the 26.2 Foundation.jpg|right|thumb|Bobbi Gibb at the 26.2 Foundation in 2016]]
'''Roberta Louise "Bobbi" Gibb''' (born November 2, 1942 in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140611021936/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588809048.html?key=01-42160D527E1A11611B020216066A0F332953225E20212F592C5B4C23291A607F127119731A7B1D6B75170028 Gibb, Roberta (1942–)] Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages, January 1, 2007</ref><ref name=jrank>{{cite web|url=http://sports.jrank.org/pages/1628/Gibb-Bobbi-Chronology.html|title=Bobbi Gibb - Chronology}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Benyo
| first = Richard
|author2=Joe Henderson
| title = Running Encyclopedia
| publisher = Human Kinetics
| date = 2001
| location = Champaign, Illinois
| page = [https://archive.org/details/runningencyclope00rich/page/124 124]
| url = https://archive.org/details/runningencyclope00rich
| url-access = registration
| isbn = 0-7360-3734-9}}</ref>) is the first woman to have run the entire [[Boston Marathon]] (1966).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://216.235.243.43/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history.aspx|title=Boston Marathon History|access-date=April 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424013642/http://216.235.243.43/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history.aspx|archive-date=April 24, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> She is recognized by the [[Boston Athletic Association]] as the pre-sanctioned era [[List of winners of the Boston Marathon#Women's open|women’s winner in 1966, 1967, and 1968]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://216.235.243.43/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history/champions/womens-open-division.aspx|title=Women's Open Division|access-date=January 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127101746/http://216.235.243.43/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history/champions/womens-open-division.aspx|archive-date=January 27, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> At the Boston Marathon, the pre-sanctioned era comprised the years from 1966 through 1971, when women, who under AAU rules could not compete in the Men's Division, ran and finished the race. In 1996 the B.A.A. retroactively recognized as champions the women who finished first in the Pioneer Women's Division Marathon for the years 1966–1971.

Gibb’s run in 1966 challenged prevalent prejudices and misconceptions about women's athletic capabilities.<ref name=zaccone>http://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/cas_sites/communication/pdf/thesis08.zaccone.pdf{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1967, she finished nearly an hour ahead of Kathrine Switzer. In 1968 Gibb finished first among five women that ran the marathon. It was not until late 1971, pursuant to a petition to the [[Amateur Athletic Union]] by [[Nina Kuscsik]], that the AAU changed its rules and began to sanction women's division marathons. Kuscsik won the initial AAU-sanctioned women's division race at Boston in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyrr.org/about-us/nyrr-hall-of-fame/nina-kuscsik|title=Nina Kuscsik|work=NYRR}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
Bobbi Gibb grew up in the suburbs of [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] during the 1940s and 1950s.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Sosienski
| first = Shanti
| title = Women Who Run
| publisher = Seal Press
| date = 2006
| location = Berkeley, California
| page = [https://archive.org/details/womenwhorun0000sosi/page/3 3]
| url = https://archive.org/details/womenwhorun0000sosi
| url-access = registration
| quote = bobbi gibb.
| isbn = 1-58005-183-9}}</ref> She studied at the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]] and [[Tufts University]] [[Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences#Organization and Degree Programs|School of Special Studies]].<ref name="namos">[http://www.namos.iupui.edu/artists/Artist.aspx?artist=167 National Art Museum of Sport: Sculptor was first woman to complete the Boston Marathon] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507102749/http://www.namos.iupui.edu/artists/Artist.aspx?artist=167 |date=May 7, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = O'Reilly
| first = Jean
|author2=Susan K. Cahn
| title = Women and Sports in the United States: A Documentary Reader
| publisher = Northeastern University Press
| date = 2007
| location = Boston, Massachusetts
| pages = 38–40
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bn7TdYH9yUoC&q=%22roberta+gibb%22
| isbn = 978-1-55553-671-8}}</ref> Her father was a professor of chemistry at Tufts. She was already running long distances. In 1962 while hitchhiking she met a middle distance runner coming back from Nova Scotia blueberry picking (a fellow classmate at Tufts) named William Bingay, who would later enlist in the United States Navy and become her first husband.<ref name=love /><ref name="brown">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1078491/index.htm|title=A Game Girl In A Man's Game|last=Brown|first=Gwilym S.|date=May 2, 1966|publisher=Sports Illustrated|access-date=August 18, 2009}}</ref><ref name="Derderian">Derderian, Tom (1996). ''Boston Marathon: The History of the World’s Premier Running Event''. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers.</ref> They married on February 5, 1966, in California.<ref name="Derderian"/> Her running included daily commuting of the eight miles to school.<ref name=love /> She ran in white leather [[Red Cross]] nurses' shoes because there were no running shoes available for women at the time.<ref name="scorecard">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1122111/3/index.htm|title=Scorecard|last=Creamer|first=Robert W. |date=May 28, 1984|publisher=Sports Illustrated|access-date=August 18, 2009}}</ref>

=== Boston Marathon ===
Before 1966, the longest [[Amateur Athletic Union|Amateur Athletic Union (AAU)]]-sanctioned race for women was one and a half miles. Until 1972, when the first women's division marathon opened, the Boston Marathon was an AAU men’s division race. Under the AAU rules, women are not qualified to run in men's division races.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kendall|first=Jack|date=April 21, 1966|title=Roberta Gets Official Support: Females May Run Marathon|work=Record American}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Higdon|first=Hal|title=Boston: A Century of Running|publisher=Rodale Press|year=1995|location=Emmaus, Pennsylvania}}</ref>

Gibb trained for two years to run the Boston Marathon, covering as much as 40 miles in one day.<ref name=love>
[http://www.bobbigibb.com Gibb, Bobbi. ''To Boston with Love: The Story of the First Woman to Run the Boston Marathon'']</ref><ref name="runningpast.com">
{{cite web|last=Gibb|first=Roberta "Bobbi"|title=Roberta "Bobbi" Gibb - A Run of One's Own|url=http://runningpast.com/gibb_story.htm|publisher=Women's Sports Foundation}}
</ref> On writing for an application in February 1966, she received a letter from the race director, Will Cloney, informing her that women were not physiologically capable of running marathon distances and that under the rules that governed amateur sports set out by the AAU, women were not allowed to run more than a mile and a half competitively.<ref name="runningpast.com"/> She realized that it was more important than ever to run and that her run would have a social significance far beyond just her own personal challenge.

After three nights and four days on a bus from [[San Diego, California]], Gibb arrived the day before the race at her parents' house in [[Winchester, Massachusetts]].<ref name="runningpast.com"/> On the morning of [[Patriots' Day]], April 19, 1966, her mother dropped her off at the start in [[Hopkinton, Massachusetts|Hopkinton]].<ref name="runningpast.com"/> Wearing her brother’s [[Bermuda shorts]] and a blue [[hoodie|hooded sweatshirt]] over a black, tanked-top swim suit, she hid in the bushes near the starting pen.<ref name="runningpast.com"/> After the starting gun fired, she waited until about half the pack had started and then jumped into the race.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835462,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203011122/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835462,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 3, 2007|title=Track & Field: Queen of the Marathon|date=April 29, 1966|publisher=Time magazine|access-date=August 18, 2009}}</ref>

The men soon realized that she was a woman. Encouraged by their friendliness and support, she removed her sweatshirt.<ref name="namos"/> To her delight and relief, the crowds cheered to see a woman running. The press began to report on her progress towards [[Boston]].

[[Diana Chapman Walsh]], later President of [[Wellesley College]], recalled the day years later:

{{Blockquote|That was my senior year at Wellesley. As I had done every spring since I arrived on campus, I went out to cheer the runners. But there was something different about that Marathon Day—like a spark down a wire, the word spread to all of us lining the route that a woman was running the course. For a while, the "[[Boston Marathon#Spectators|screech tunnel]]" fell silent. We scanned face after face in breathless anticipation until just ahead of her, through the excited crowd, a ripple of recognition shot through the lines and we cheered as we never had before. We let out a roar that day, sensing that this woman had done more than just break the gender barrier in a famous race…<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Releases/1996/041096.html|title=Marathon's Elite Women Runners Defy Spring Snow to Speak at Wellesley College|date=April 10, 1996|publisher=Wellesley College News Release|access-date=August 17, 2009}}</ref>}}

By the time Gibb reached the finish line in Boston, the [[Governor of Massachusetts]], [[John A. Volpe|John Volpe]], was there to shake her hand.<ref>{{cite web |title=60 Vintage Photos From Forgotten Moments In History |website=History Daily |date=3 Apr 2019 |url= https://historydaily.org/60-vintage-photos-from-forgotten-moments-in-history/36}}</ref> She finished in three hours, twenty-one minutes and forty seconds,<ref name="Derderian"/> ahead of two-thirds of the runners. The following morning her feat was front-page news in the ''[[Boston Record American|Record American]]'', where the headline read: “Hub Bride First Gal to Run Marathon.”<ref>(April 20, 1966). “Hub Bride First Gal to Run Marathon”. ''Record American''</ref> In another ''Record American'' article entitled “Roberta Gets Official Support: Females May Run Marathon,” Jack Kendall wrote:

{{Blockquote|Roberta the runner may revolutionize Boston’s fabled BAA marathon — and for that matter every other long distance run staged in the country. Even as the bunions acquired from Tuesday’s grueling 26 mile, 385 yard race were subsiding, the furor over a woman’s intrusion into what had been an all-male domain was mounting. ... But a spokesman from the New England Amateur Athletic Union has already decided it may be a woman’s world after all. ''WOULD CHANGE RULES'' He plans personally to contact the organization’s national headquarters and seek consideration for suspension of the NAAU rules so that a female who wishes to compete in the marathon can do so. In his opinion the only way the rule could be circumvented would be through suspension of the rules.<ref>Kendall, Jack (April 21, 1966). “Roberta Gets Official Support: Females May Run Marathon”. ''Record American''.</ref>}}

In an article from the 'Boston Traveler' dated April 20, 1966, the day following the marathon, Cloney is quoted questioning the authenticity of Gibb even participating in the race. "Mrs Bingay (Gibb) did not run in yesterday's marathon. There is no such thing as a marathon for a woman. She may have run in a road race, but she did not race in the marathon. I have no idea of this woman running. She was not at any of our checkpoints and none of our checkers saw her. For all I know she could have jumped in at Kenmore Square." Told of this Mrs. Bingay (Gibb) said "If you don't believe me, ask the runners who saw me. Or the spectators who were cheering me. I don't want to get into a public debate with Mr. Cloney about it. If he doesn't believe me, that's his business".<ref>Sewell, Tom (April 20, 1966). "Roberta: "I Ran Race For Fun". Boston Traveler.</ref>

The May 2, 1966, issue of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' featured an article written by Gwilym S. Brown entitled “A Game Girl In A Man’s Game”:

{{Blockquote|Last week a tidy-looking and pretty 23-year-old blonde named Roberta Gibb Bingay not only started but also covered the 26-mile, 385-yard course at a clip fast enough to finish ahead of no fewer than 290 of the event’s 415 starters.<ref name=brown />}}

In 1967, Gibb, by then a full-time student at the [[University of California, San Diego]], ran again. She finished in three hours, twenty-seven minutes and seventeen seconds, almost an hour ahead of another female competitor. In 1968, Gibb ran again, finishing in three hours and thirty minutes, first among a growing number of women, which included Carol Ann Pancko, Elaine Pederson, and Marjorie Fish.<ref>McLaughlin, Dan and Bill Duncliffe (1968). "Babes Bug BAA Bosses." ''Record American''.</ref> In 1969, 1970, and 1971, Sara Mae Berman was the women’s winner, and in 1972, [[Nina Kuscsik]] was the winner of the first officially sanctioned women’s division event.

In 1996, at the 100th running of the Boston Marathon and the 30th anniversary of Gibb’s first run of it, the [[Boston Athletic Association]] officially recognized her three wins in 1966, 1967, and 1968 and awarded her a medal. Her name was inscribed with the names of the other winners on the Boston Marathon Memorial in [[Copley Square]].<ref name="publicart">{{cite web|url=http://www.publicartboston.com/content/boston-marathon-memorial|title=Boston Marathon Memorial|publisher=Boston Art Commission|access-date=January 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126213654/http://www.publicartboston.com/content/boston-marathon-memorial|archive-date=January 26, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 2016, Gibb was the grand marshal of that year's Boston Marathon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.rockport.wickedlocal.com/article/20160418/NEWS/160416234|title=Bobbi Gibb serves as grand marshal of 2016 Boston Marathon|agency=Associated Press|work=Wicked Local Rockport}}</ref> That year's female winner, [[Atsede Baysa]], gave Gibb her trophy; Gibb said that she would go to Baysa’s native Ethiopia in 2017 and return it to her.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/specials/boston-marathon/2016/04/19/atsede-baysa-gives-her-marathon-trophy-bobbi-gibb/e2iqVunwWH74JGfkrwwwWP/story.html Atsede Baysa gives her Boston Marathon trophy to Bobbi Gibb - The Boston Globe]</ref> As it turned out, Baysa came to Boston and Gibb returned the trophy to her at that time.

=== Education and career history ===
Gibb received her [[Bachelor of Science|Bachelor of Science (B.S.)]] degree from the University of California, San Diego in 1969,<ref name="runningpast.com"/> fulfilling the [[pre-medical]] requirements, with a major in [[philosophy]] and a minor in [[mathematics]]. She has reported she was denied admission to [[medical school]] because of her gender.<ref name="runningpast.com"/> Gibb then worked with Professor [[Jerome Lettvin]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] on [[epistemology]] and [[color vision]] while studying [[law]]. In 1974, Gibb entered the [[New England School of Law]],<ref name="scorecard"/> receiving her [[Juris Doctor|Juris Doctor (J.D.)]] in 1978.<ref name=jrank /> She worked as a legislative aide in the [[Massachusetts General Court|Massachusetts State Legislature]], studied [[system|natural systems]], and pursued her interest in [[sculpture]] and [[painting]]. She was admitted to the [[Massachusetts]] [[Bar (law)|Bar]] in 1978.<ref name=jrank /> While raising her family, she practiced law, specializing in [[real property|real]] and [[intellectual property]]. She worked, for part of that time, in [[patent]] law with Jerry Cohen, Esq.

Gibb sculpted the 12-inch bronze figurines of a pony-tailed girl running that were given as trophies to [[Joan Benoit Samuelson]], [[Julie Brown (athlete)|Julie Brown]], and [[Julie Isphording]], the top three women marathoners at the US Olympic trials in 1984.<ref name="scorecard"/><ref name="trials">{{cite web|url=http://runningtimes.com/Print.aspx?articleID=13123|title=Finally, One for the Girls: The '84 Women's Olympic Trials Marathon|last=Musca|first=Michael|date=April 2008|publisher=Running Times Magazine|access-date=August 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715215053/http://runningtimes.com/Print.aspx?articleID=13123|archive-date=July 15, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Samuelson has commented on her trophy, stating: "There are only three in the world. It's irreplaceable."<ref name=trials /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1119199/2/index.htm|title=Her Life Is In Apple Pie Order|last=Moore|first=Kenny|date=March 4, 1985|publisher=Sports Illustrated|access-date=August 22, 2009}}</ref>

Gibb has written a memoir entitled ''Wind in the Fire: A Personal Journey''<ref>{{cite web|title=Wind in the Fire|url=http://www.harvard.com/book/wind_in_the_fire/|publisher=Harvard Book Store|access-date=July 29, 2012}}</ref> and a book titled ''26.2 Essays: An Inspiring New World View''.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=978-0982967522|title=26.2 Essays: An Inspiring New World View|last1=Gibb|first1=Bobbi|date=December 22, 2016}}</ref> A film based on her memoir and with the same title is currently in the works.<ref name=katzwomenworld>{{cite news|last1=Katz|first1=Brigit|title=The incredible story of Bobbi Gibb, the first woman to run the Boston Marathon|url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2015/04/20/the-incredible-story-of-bobbi-gibb-the-first-woman-to-run-the-boston-marathon/|access-date=April 20, 2015|work=Women in the World (in assoc. w. New York Times)|date=April 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130113718/http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2015/04/20/the-incredible-story-of-bobbi-gibb-the-first-woman-to-run-the-boston-marathon/|archive-date=January 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has been included in ''[[Who’s Who]] of American Women'', ''Who’s Who in America'', and ''Who’s Who in the World''. In 1982 she was inducted into the [[Road Runners Club of America]] Long Distance Running Hall of Fame,<ref>{{cite web
| author = Road Runners Club of America
| author-link = Road Runners Club of America
| title = Road Runners Club of America: History of the National Award Winners
| url = http://www.rrca.org/services/awards/awardhistory.pdf
| work = RRCA website
| publisher = Road Runners Club of America
| location = Arlington, Virginia
| page = 1
| access-date = August 17, 2009
| quote = Roberta Gibb-Welch
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080708200356/http://www.rrca.org/services/awards/awardhistory.pdf
| archive-date = July 8, 2008
| df = mdy-all
}}</ref> and she has been interviewed for news programs and documentaries on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[NBC]], [[ESPN]], and [[HBO]]. She was included in the 1999 HBO Sports documentary ''Dare to Compete: The Struggle of Women in Sports''. In 2000, she produced a documentary on her art and running entitled ''Where the Spirit Leads''. Gibb received the 2009 Tufts University Athletics Distinguished Achievement Award<ref>{{cite web|title=Homecoming 2009|url=http://enews.tufts.edu/stories/1592/2009/10/13/Homecoming2009|publisher=Tufts University E-News|access-date=July 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718040421/http://enews.tufts.edu/stories/1592/2009/10/13/Homecoming2009|archive-date=July 18, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was inducted into [[The Sports Museum|The Sports Museum of New England]] Hall of Fame in 2011. Her Special Achievement Award was presented by [[Joan Benoit Samuelson]] at the Sports Museum's 10th Annual "The Tradition" on June 28, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roberta "Bobbi" Gibb To Run Inaugural B.A.A. 10K|url=http://running.competitor.com/2011/06/news/roberta-bobbi-gibb-to-run-inaugural-b-a-a-10k_30506|publisher=Competitor|access-date=July 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006112142/http://running.competitor.com/2011/06/news/roberta-bobbi-gibb-to-run-inaugural-b-a-a-10k_30506|archive-date=October 6, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Tradition|url=http://www.tdgarden.com/calendar/293.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608072558/http://tdgarden.com/calendar/293.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 8, 2011|access-date=July 29, 2012}}</ref> She pursues a career in art and writes on a wide range of topics including [[economics]], [[spirituality]], the nature of natural systems, and the phenomenon of [[qualia|subjective experience]]. Recently she joined the Cecil B. Day Neuromuscular Laboratory as an associate working to find the causes of and cures for [[neurodegenerative disease]]s, specifically [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]. She divides her time between San Diego and Boston.

== See also ==
* [[List of winners of the Boston Marathon]]

== References ==
<references />

== Further reading ==
*Cataneo, David (April 21, 1986). “Taking some giant steps for women: Gibb’s gallant ’66 run”. ''The Boston Herald''.
*Derderian, Tom (1996). ''Boston Marathon: 100 Years of Blood, Sweat and Cheers''. Triumph Books.
*Derderian, Tom (1996). ''Boston Marathon: The History of the World’s Premier Running Event''. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers.
*Gibb, Bobbi (2012). ''Wind in the Fire: A Personal Journey.'' http://www.harvard.com/book/wind_in_the_fire/
*Higdon, Hal (1995). ''Boston: A Century of Running''. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale Press, Inc.
*Poletti, Frances (2017). ''The Girl who Ran: Bobbi Gibb, The First Woman to Run the Boston Marathon''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The girl who ran : Bobbi Gibb, the first woman to run the Boston Marathon|last=Poletti, Frances|others=Yee, Kristina,, Chapman, Susanna|isbn=9781943200474|location=Seattle, WA|oclc=986238065|year = 2017}}</ref> Seattle, Washington: Compendium, Inc.

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.bobbigibbart.net|Bobbi Gibb official website}}
* [http://www.bobbigibb.net/ Bobbi Gibb biography and film site]
* [http://languageinstinct.blogspot.com/2010/03/story-of-marathon.html ''The Story of the Marathon'']
* [https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=4069DBC6C2A419A9&search_query=bobbi+gibb Where The Spirit Leads: Bobbi Gibb, First Woman to Run the Boston Marathon (YouTube)]
* {{cite news|last=Dupont|first=Kevin Paul|title=Memoirs of marathon's first lady|url=http://www.boston.com/sports/marathon/articles/2011/06/26/memoirs_of_marathons_first_lady/ |access-date=January 1, 2013|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=June 26, 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/yourtown/cambridge/gallery/famous_celebrities_from_cambridge?pg=21|title=Famous folks from Cambridge: Roberta "Bobbi" Gibb|publisher=Boston.com|access-date=January 1, 2013}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/BOBBIGIBBFILM Wind in the Fire film's Facebook page]
{{Footer Boston Marathon Champions Women}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gibb, Bobbi}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:American female long-distance runners]]
[[Category:American female marathon runners]]
[[Category:Boston Marathon female winners]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]

Abdul Hamid Adiamoh

2022-01-08T08:01:32Z

SdkbBot: /* top */Removed overlinked country wikilink and general fixes (task 2)

'''Abdul Hamid Adiamoh''' is a Nigerian journalist and publisher of ''[[Today Newspaper (Gambia)|Today Newspaper]]'' in [[the Gambia]].

== Career ==
Adiamoh was born in [[Ibadan]] to a teacher and architect. The second of six children, he attended [[Ibadan Grammar School]], Ibadan and [[Ladoke Akintola University of Technology|Ladoke Akintola University]], [[Ogbomosho]], Nigeria. He left Nigeria during the [[Sani Abacha|Abacha]] administration and settle in the Gambia, where he established himself as a business journalist with the ''Daily Observer Newspaper''. He left the ''Observer'' to start his own company, first called ''MediaMethods'' and then ''INK''. He started the ''Business Gambia'', a monthly business magazine, in association with the Gambia Chamber of Commerce and Industry. ''Today Newspaper'' first published in July 2007.

== Challenges ==
In September 2007, Adiamoh was arrested for publishing an article on children skipping school, picking scrap metal, and selling it to scrap dealers.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gambian, Senegalese Journalists Describe Fear, Increasing Dangers | url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2008-08-20-voa61-66759842.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130209030813/http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2008-08-20-voa61-66759842.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-02-09 | work= | publisher=Voice of America | author= | date= | accessdate=2009-11-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=2008 Human Rights Reports: The Gambia | url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119003.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174803/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119003.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-02-26 | work= | publisher=US Department of State | author= | date= | accessdate=2009-11-24}}</ref> According to the charge sheet brought against him, he was accused of seditious intention.<ref name=IFJ>{{cite web| title=IFJ Condemns Sedition Charges Against Editor in The Gambia| url=http://africa.ifj.org/en/articles/ifj-condemns-sedition-charges-against-editor-in-the-gambia| work=| publisher=International Federation of Journalists| author=| date=| accessdate=2009-11-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726172258/http://africa.ifj.org/en/articles/ifj-condemns-sedition-charges-against-editor-in-the-gambia| archive-date=2011-07-26| url-status=dead| df=}}</ref> Media reports of the event cite the attempt by state forces to stifle the media. His arrest and bail (in 200,000 Gambian [[dalasi]],<ref name=IFJ /> corresponding to about [[USD]] 9500) coincided with the conviction and sentencing of Fatou Jaw Manneh, another journalist who was found guilty of a 2005 article.<ref>{{cite web | title=Newspaper publisher detained again, court grants him bail | url=http://egypt.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/96648/index.html | work= | publisher=International Freedom of Expression eXchange (originally Media Foundation for West Africa) | author= | date= | accessdate=2009-11-24}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

Adiamoh was also arrested in June 2009 for false publication.<ref>{{cite web | title=Gambia: Detained newspaper publisher charged | url=http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/57142 | work= | publisher=Pambazuka News | author= | date= | accessdate=2009-11-21}}</ref> ''TODAY'' had on June 10 reported the sack of two Gambian ministers - Attorney General [[Marie Saine Firdaus]] and minister for Local Government, [[Ismaila Sambou]] as part of a landslide cabinet reshuffle.<ref>{{cite web| title=The media under attack in The Gambia Since 1994| url=http://africa.ifj.org/en/pages/media-under-attack-in-gambia| work=| publisher=International Federation of Journalists| author=| date=| accessdate=2009-11-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705103805/http://africa.ifj.org/en/pages/media-under-attack-in-gambia| archive-date=2009-07-05| url-status=dead| df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=PRESS RELEASE BY THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN AFRICA ON THE SITUATION OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN THE GAMBIA| url=http://www.achpr.org/english/Press%20Release/Special%20Rapporteur_Freedom_Gambia.htm| work=| publisher=African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights| author=| date=| accessdate=2009-11-24| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029184403/http://www.achpr.org/english/Press%20Release/Special%20Rapporteur_Freedom_Gambia.htm| archivedate=2009-10-29| url-status=dead| df=}}</ref> Finding the report to be untrue, ''TODAY'' of June 11, 2009 retracted the story, and published a public apology. The paper also mentioned its efforts to stop the circulation of the edition. Despite these efforts, Adiamoh was arrested, detained for five days, before he was charged for false publication and broadcasting, a criminal offence under Gambian laws that could carry a maximum sentence of [[dalasi|D]]250,000 fine or a six-month imprisonment term.

Adiamoh lives in the Gambia with his family.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727170735/http://observer.gm/africa/gambia/article/today-boss-pleads-guilty-to-know-his-fate-today Today boss pleads guilty To know his fate today (The Daily Observer - Gambia News)]
*[http://www.penusa.org/DOTIW Day of the Imprisoned Writer (PEN Center USA)]
*[http://allafrica.com/stories/200906250724.html Convicted Newspaper Editor Apologizes to President Jammeh(AllAfrica)]
*[http://wow.gm/africa/gambia/banjul/article/2008/7/27/gambia-alert-two-newspaper-journalists-briefly-detained-one-charged-with-sedition Two newspaper journalists briefly detained, one charged with sedition]
*[http://wow.gm/africa/gambia/banjul/article/2008/8/17/gambia-alert-police-detain-nigerian-publisher-overnight-search-his-house-and-confiscate-his-reside Police detain Nigerian publisher overnight, search his house and confiscate his reside]
*[http://africa.gm/africa/gambia/kanifing/article/2008/8/30/gambia-alert-newspaper-publisher-detained-again-court-grants-him-bail Newspaper publisher detained again, court grants him bail]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adiamoh, Abdul Hamid}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:People from Ibadan]]
[[Category:Ibadan Grammar School alumni]]
[[Category:Ladoke Akintola University of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriates in the Gambia]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Noga Erez

2022-01-07T05:52:36Z

SdkbBot: Removed overlinked country wikilink and general fixes (task 2)

{{Short description|Israeli singer, songwriter and producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Noga Erez
| image = Noga Erez 20171207.jpg
| caption = Erez in 2017
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 26 December 1990
| birth_place = [[Israel]]
| origin = [[Tel Aviv]], Israel
| death_date =
| genre = [[Electro-pop]], [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]
| occupation = Singer-songwriter, producer
| instrument = Vocals
| years_active = 2011–present
| label = [[City Slang]]
| associated_acts = Ori Rousso, Ran Jacobovitz
| website = [http://nogaerez.com/ nogaerez.com]
}}

'''Noga Erez''' ({{lang-he|נגה ארז}}) is an Israeli singer, songwriter and producer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/5353186-Noga-Erez|title=Noga Erez|website=Discogs|language=en|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=15 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715081344/https://www.discogs.com/artist/5353186-Noga-Erez|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, her song "Dance While You Shoot" was used by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] in an advertising campaign for its music streaming service.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/life/apple-s-weakness-for-israeli-singers-1.5463569 Apple's Weakness for Israeli Singers and What It Says About Selling Digital Music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319191813/https://www.haaretz.com/life/apple-s-weakness-for-israeli-singers-1.5463569 |date=19 March 2019 }} Haaretz. 7 November 2017</ref> In the same year she released her debut album, ''[[Off the Radar]]'' to critical acclaim. Her sophomore album, ''Kids'', was released in 2021.

== Early life==
Erez grew up in [[Caesarea]], [[Israel]], from the age of six and was raised [[Jewish]].<ref>[https://www.timeout.com/israel/blog/flying-above-the-radar-an-interview-with-noga-erez-080317 Flying above the radar: an interview with Noga Erez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081006/https://www.timeout.com/israel/blog/flying-above-the-radar-an-interview-with-noga-erez-080317 |date=1 December 2017 }} TimeOut. 3 August 2017</ref> She studied composition at the [[Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/apple-music-ad-features-electronic-sound-of-israeli-musician-noga-erez/|title=Apple Music ad features electronic sound of Israeli musician Noga Erez|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=22 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322025008/https://www.timesofisrael.com/apple-music-ad-features-electronic-sound-of-israeli-musician-noga-erez/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/may/14/noga-erez-israel-electronic-music-off-radar-album|title=Noga Erez: 'I get told by people not to talk about what is happening in Israel'|last=Hutchinson|first=Kate|date=14 May 2017|website=the Guardian|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023073207/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/may/14/noga-erez-israel-electronic-music-off-radar-album|url-status=live}}</ref>
Through her childhood and while growing up she explored different instruments and studied different styles of music. Erez was a part of different groups and ensembles as a vocalist, keyboardist and percussionist.

She served as a soldier in an [[Israel Defence Forces]]'s [[Israeli military ensembles|military band]].<ref name="auto1"/>

==Career==
In 2011 Erez worked on a jazz album, which she almost finished and decided to scrap and move to writing and producing electronic music.

On stage, Erez performs as a three-piece-band with herself on vocals, Ori Rousso (sampler, synthesizer) and Ran Jacobovitz (electronic drums, percussion).<ref name="auto"/>

In 2017, Erez was included in Forbes Israel's "Under 30" list.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccalerner/2017/06/29/under-30-musician-noga-erez-is-a-rising-star-in-israels-edm-scene/#c589bbd59cfb|title=Under 30 Musician Noga Erez Is A Rising Star In Israel's EDM Scene|last=Lerner|first=Rebecca|work=Forbes|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322022543/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccalerner/2017/06/29/under-30-musician-noga-erez-is-a-rising-star-in-israels-edm-scene/#c589bbd59cfb|url-status=live}}</ref>

Erez's first single, "Toy" received a rave review from ''[[The New York Times]]'': “the Israeli singer and electronic-music producer Noga Erez gives ‘Toy’ a beat that jitters and heaves, ratchets across the stereo field, speeds up fitfully and stops for a moment of dead silence halfway through the song; the melodies are brief modal phrases hinting at Middle Eastern origins... It's a sparse, thorny, unstable track — and haunting, too.”<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/Just-off-the-radar-485460 Just Off The Radar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090032/https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/Just-off-the-radar-485460 |date=27 March 2019 }} The Jerusalem Post. 28 March 2017</ref>

Erez produced her first record "[[Off the Radar]]", which was released 2 June 2017 via City Slang, with her partner Ori Rousso.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/z497ye/noga-erez-off-the-radar-premiere|title=Tel Aviv's Fearless Noga Erez and Her New Song "Off the Radar"|date=4 April 2017|work=Noisey|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en-us|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030407/https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/z497ye/noga-erez-off-the-radar-premiere|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/event/music/528451908/noga-erez-imagines-a-dystopia-where-the-hand-people-judge-us-all|title=Noga Erez Imagines A Dystopia Where The Hand-People Judge Us All|work=NPR.org|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201104721/https://www.npr.org/event/music/528451908/noga-erez-imagines-a-dystopia-where-the-hand-people-judge-us-all|url-status=live}}</ref> This release was followed by festival shows at Primavera, SXSW, Pitchfork Paris, Roskilde, MELT! Visions Festival, Convergence and Great Escape in 2017. She also toured the UK and Europe in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://diymag.com/2017/10/17/noga-erez-new-video-balkada-watch|title=Noga Erez shares a new video for 'Balkada'|website=DIY|language=en|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124190423/http://diymag.com/2017/10/17/noga-erez-new-video-balkada-watch|url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 13, 2021, Erez announced her second studio album, ''Kids''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guitargirlmag.com/news/music-news/noga-erez-announces-new-album-kids-out-march-26-via-city-slang/|title=Noga Erez Announces New Album 'KIDS' Out March 26 Via City Slang|date=January 13, 2021|work=Guitar Girl Magazine|accessdate=February 24, 2021|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024191457/https://guitargirlmag.com/news/music-news/noga-erez-announces-new-album-kids-out-march-26-via-city-slang/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on March 26, 2021.

==Influences==

Erez's musical style draws influences from alternative, electronic music, and sample-based hip hop, but is also strongly influenced by political circumstances both in her country and globally, though she has been reticent to describe her work as political.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.loudandquiet.com/interview/noga-erez-is-making-music-out-of-tel-aviv-and-she-doesnt-have-a-plan-b/|title=Noga Erez is making music with a vision out of Tel Aviv, and she doesn't have a Plan B - Loud And Quiet|work=Loud And Quiet|access-date=22 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702040655/http://www.loudandquiet.com/interview/noga-erez-is-making-music-out-of-tel-aviv-and-she-doesnt-have-a-plan-b/|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[The Guardian]]'', Erez describes her songs as her way to “process the issues that bother me about the world”.<ref name="auto1"/> Her music also references her musical influences such as [[Flying Lotus]], [[Björk]], [[Frank Ocean]] or [[Kendrick Lamar]].<ref name="auto2"/> With a mix of drum computers, synthesizers, and vocals she describes the chaos in the environment she grew up with, through bass-heavy and danceable tunes.

==Discography==
===Studio albums===
* ''[[Off the Radar]]'' (2017)
* ''Kids'' (2021)

===Singles===
* "Toy" (2017)
* "Sunshine" (2018)
* "Bad Habits" (2018)
* "Cash Out" (2018)
* "Chin Chin" with Echo (2019)
* "Views" featuring Reo Cragun & Rousso (2020)
* "No News on TV" (2020)
* "You So Done" (2020)
* "End of the Road" (2021)
* "Story" (2021)
* "Knockout (Against the Machine)" (2021)
* "The "A" in Amazing" (2021)

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Director(s)
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Dance While You Shoot"
| 2016
| rowspan="2" | Zhang + Knight
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=yz6I6zZP7OI | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/yz6I6zZP7OI| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - Dance While You Shoot (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=November 2, 2016 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Pity"
| rowspan="4" | 2017
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=RcYNoy0J6MM | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/RcYNoy0J6MM| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - Pity (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=January 31, 2017 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Toy"
| Hen Makhluf
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=aiNgT2r4YKs | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/aiNgT2r4YKs| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - Toy | work=[[YouTube]] | date=March 8, 2017 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Off the Radar"
| Eden Kalif, Daniella Meroz
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=7Z6DwZtv0Gg | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/7Z6DwZtv0Gg| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - Off The Radar (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=May 15, 2017 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Balkada"
| Noga Erez, Ori Rousso, Omri Ben Shalom
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=e5DHDHYDE08 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/e5DHDHYDE08| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - BALKADA (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=October 17, 2017 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Bad Habits"
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| Shlomy Reuven, Morch Landsberg, Noga Erez, Ori Rousso
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=AI-2CJz2fuI | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/AI-2CJz2fuI| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - Bad Habits (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=June 5, 2018 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Cash Out" featuring [[Sammus]]
| Hen Makhluf
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=YI7uZrOv1cs | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/YI7uZrOv1cs| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - 'CASH OUT (feat. SAMMUS)' (Official Music Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=September 12, 2018 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Chin Chin" with Echo
| 2019
| Shlomy x Morchi
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=yz6b8QSw960 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/yz6b8QSw960| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez & ECHO - Chin Chin (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=July 15, 2019 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Views" featuring Reo Cragun & Rousso
| rowspan="3" | 2020
| Indy Hait
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Od8LTTBY5E4 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/Od8LTTBY5E4| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - VIEWS (feat. Reo Cragun & ROUSSO) (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=February 24, 2020 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "No News on TV" featuring Rousso
| FISHnCHIPS
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=JdJMwubahVo | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/JdJMwubahVo| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - NO news on TV | work=[[YouTube]] | date=June 23, 2020 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "You So Done"
| rowspan="3" | Indy Hait
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Xn813NKlhzI | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/Xn813NKlhzI| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - YOU SO DONE (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=August 26, 2020 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "End of the Road"
| rowspan="3" | 2021
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=enk4vUjbjik | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/enk4vUjbjik| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - End of the Road (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=January 13, 2021 | accessdate=February 24, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |"Story" featuring Rousso
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=K1i-t6D0c_M | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211024/K1i-t6D0c_M| archive-date=2021-10-24| title=Noga Erez - Story (feat. ROUSSO) (Official Video) | work=[[YouTube]] | date=March 9, 2021 | accessdate=April 10, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "The "A" in Amazing"
| Roy Raz
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2MguuVtJ94 | title=The "A" in amazing – Noga Erez | work=[[YouTube]] | date=October 13, 2021 | accessdate=November 9, 2021}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Award
! Artist/work
! Category
! Result
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2018
| VIA Awards
| Noga Erez
| Best Newcomer
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viaawards.de/news/shortlist-beste_r-newcomer_in-2018-noga-erez---48-.html|title=Beste_r Newcomer_in 2018: Noga Erez|work=VUT|accessdate=February 24, 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414034955/https://www.viaawards.de/news/shortlist-beste_r-newcomer_in-2018-noga-erez---48-.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| Pop Awards
| "Views"
| Music Video of the Year
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-mag.com/2021-01-17/welcome-to-the-pop-awards-2021-the-fourth-annual-pop-awards/|title=Welcome to the POP AWARDS 2021, the fourth annual Pop Awards|date=January 17, 2021|first=Jenna|last=Mackle|work=Pop Magazine|accessdate=February 24, 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411131246/https://pop-mag.com/2021-01-17/welcome-to-the-pop-awards-2021-the-fourth-annual-pop-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-awards.com/2021|title=Pop Awards 2021, the 4th annual Pop Awards|work=Pop Awards|accessdate=February 24, 2021|archive-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302142601/http://pop-awards.com/2021/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite news|title= Noga Erez Imagines A Dystopia Where The Hand-People Judge Us All|newspaper=NPR|date=15 May 2017|url=https://www.npr.org/event/music/528451908/noga-erez-imagines-a-dystopia-where-the-hand-people-judge-us-all|last1=Thompson|first1=Stephen}}
* {{cite web|title= INTERVIEW:ON THE RADAR: NOGA EREZ|url=http://diymag.com/2017/05/04/noga-erez-off-the-radar-neu-interview-2017}}
* {{cite web|title= Noga Erez @ ARTE Concert Festival|url=http://concert.arte.tv/de/noga-erez-arte-concert-festival}}
* {{cite web|title= Noga Erez is making music with a vision out of Tel Aviv, and she doesn't have a Plan B|url=http://www.loudandquiet.com/interview/noga-erez-is-making-music-out-of-tel-aviv-and-she-doesnt-have-a-plan-b/}}
* {{cite web|title=Noga Erez Off The Radar|url=http://www.loudandquiet.com/reviews/noga-erez-off-radar/}}
* https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2017/05/noga-erez-off-the-radar-review.html
* http://diymag.com/2017/10/17/noga-erez-new-video-balkada-watch

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erez, Noga}}
[[Category:Israeli women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English-language singers from Israel]]
[[Category:21st-century Israeli women singers]]
[[Category:Israeli pop singers]]
[[Category:People from Caesarea, Israel]]
[[Category:City Slang artists]]
[[Category:Israeli Jews]]

Aireon

2021-07-01T01:25:51Z

SdkbBot: /* History */General fixes, removed erroneous space

{{Infobox company
| name = Aireon LLC
| logo = Aireon logo.svg
| type = [[Private company]]
| traded_as =
| foundation = 2011
| location_city = [[McLean, Virginia|McLean]], [[Virginia]]
| location_country = USA
| area_served =
| key_people =
| industry =
| products = Air Traffic Control Data, GlobalBeacon, and Aireon Alert
| services = Space-Based ADS-B
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees =
| homepage = [http://aireon.com/ aireon.com]
}}
'''Aireon''' is an American company based in [[McLean, VA]]. Founded in 2011, it manufactures, deploys, and operates a global aircraft tracking and [[Surveillance|surveillance system]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-39637974|title=Malaysia Airlines to track planes with satellites|date=2017-04-19|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en-GB}}</ref> utilizing satellite-based receivers to monitor the existing [[ADS-B]] transmissions of aircraft, for global air traffic surveillance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviationweek.com/aviation-week-space-technology/aireon-surveillance-payloads-see-first-ads-b-traffic|title=Aireon Surveillance Payloads See First ADS-B Traffic|website=aviationweek.com|language=en|access-date=2017-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airport-technology.com/news/newsaireon-lvnl-collaborate-to-assess-space-based-adsb-in-dutch-airspace-5884797|title=Aireon and LVNL to assess space-based ADS–B|website=Airport Technology|access-date=2017-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aviationtoday.com/2017/06/26/aireon-launches-deploys-10-iridium-next-satellites-ads-b-payloads/|title=Aireon Launches, Deploys 10 More Iridium Next Satellites with ADS-B Payloads|date=2017-06-26|website=Avionics|access-date=2017-08-22}}</ref>

==History==
Aireon was launched in 2011 as a joint venture between [[satellite communications]] company [[Iridium Communications|Iridium Communications Inc]], [[Nav Canada]], [[NATS Holdings|NATS]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.executivebiz.com/2018/05/nats-buys-equity-stake-in-aireon-in-space-based-aircraft-surveillance-tech-push/|title=nats-buys-equity-stake-in-aireon-in-space-based-aircraft-surveillance-tech-push}}</ref> [[ENAV]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://airtrafficmanagement.keypublishing.com/2016/12/italys-stake-in-aireon-comes-under-fire/|title=italys-stake-in-aireon-comes-under-fire}}</ref> [[Naviair]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2014/06/30/aireon-completes-requirements-for-third-investment-from-nav-canada/|title=aireon-completes-requirements-for-third-investment-from-nav-canada}}</ref> and the [[Irish Aviation Authority]] to work on a surveillance system to track aircraft around the globe, beyond the range of ground-based radar and [[ADS-B]] receivers, in real time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/r-aireon-to-offer-satellite-tracking-free-to-help-search-for-missing-planes-2014-9?IR=T|title=Free Satellite Tracking Will Improve Ability To Locate Lost Planes|work=Business Insider|access-date=2017-08-21|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/aircraft-traffic-control-tech-aireon/|title=This Technology Will Make Missing Planes a Thing of the Past|last=Dillow|first=Clay|website=Fortune|access-date=2017-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/aireon-launch-begins-new-era-for-satellite-based-aircraft-surveillance|title=Aireon Launch Begins New Era for Satellite-Based Aircraft Surveillance|work=Flying Magazine|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en}}</ref> Nav Canada invested $150 million to acquire a 51% stake in the project.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/transport/caas-and-aireon-pair-up-to-improve-aircraft-tracking|title=CAAS and Aireon pair up to improve aircraft tracking|last=Ramchandani|first=Nisha|work=The Business Times|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/spacex-deploy-airplane-trackers-delicate-choreography/3675739.html|title=SpaceX Deploys Airplane Trackers in 'Delicate Choreography'|last=Presutti|first=Carolyn|work=VOA|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2017/03/06/aireon-successfully-launches-first-ads-b-hosted-payload-begins-testing-validating-data/|title=Aireon Launches First ADS-B Hosted Payload and Begins Testing and Validating Data - Via Satellite -|last=Spillane|first=Hayley|date=2017-03-06|work=Via Satellite|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref>

In September 2016, Aireon launched a partnership with [[FlightAware]] to provide space-based ADS-B to airlines and other aircraft operators with Qatar Airways as the launch customer.

In January 2017, Aireon launched and deployed its first [[ADS-B]] payloads on Iridium Next satellites. Seven launches followed the first launch.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://aireon.com/2016/09/21/aireon-flightaware-globalbeacon/|title=Aireon and FlightAware Partner to Launch GlobalBeacon Airline Solution for ICAO Airline Flight Tracking Compliance|work=Aireon|access-date=2018-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2016/09/27/qatar-airways-launch-customer-flight-aware-aireon-flight-tracking/|title=Qatar Airways to be Launch Customer for Flight Aware, Aireon Flight Tracking|work=Via Satellite|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> The eighth and final launch in January 2019 completed the satellite 'constellation' and put the total in-orbit Aireon payloads at 75 (66 operational payloads and 9 spares). <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://spacenews.com/spacex-sets-sept-30-for-third-iridium-next-launch/|title=SpaceX sets Sept. 30 for third Iridium Next launch - SpaceNews.com|date=2017-07-28|work=SpaceNews.com|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.journal-aviation.com/actualites/35911-la-dsna-monte-a-bord-de-l-ads-b-satellitaire-d-aireon|title=La DSNA monte à bord de l'ADS-B satellitaire d'Aireon|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/195034/20170130/space-radio-developed-for-nasa-could-change-flight-tracking-worldwide.htm|title=Space Radio Developed For NASA Could Change Flight Tracking Worldwide|last=Times|first=Tech|date=2017-01-30|work=Tech Times|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref><ref>http://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/successful-fifth-launch-brings-aireon-sm-global-air-traffic-surveillance-system-closer-to-full-deployment-1019988116</ref><ref>http://investor.iridium.com/2019-01-11-Iridium-Completes-Historic-Satellite-Launch-Campaign</ref>

National ANSPs including Nav Canada, UK NATS, ENAV, IAA, AAI, Naviair, Isavia, CAAS of Singapore, ATNS of South Africa, DC-ANSP, ASECNA, Seychelles (SCAA), COCESNA Honduras and PNG of Papua New Guinea have signed a Data Services Agreement with Aireon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aireon-iridium-commun-idUSKBN0TU2NB20151211|title=Aireon aims at Asia, LatAm as Iridium deploys satellites|date=11 December 2015|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article158167114.html|title=Space X rocket with 10 Iridium satellites launches from Vandenberg|work=sanluisobispo|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gpsworld.com/spacex-launches-first-batch-of-iridium-next-satellites/|title=SpaceX launches first batch of Iridium NEXT satellites|date=2017-01-17|work=GPS World|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.airport-technology.com/news/asecna-aireon-provide-air-traffic-surveillance-africa/|title=asecna-aireon-provide-air-traffic-surveillance-africa}}</ref>

==Technology==
[[ADS-B]]-equipped aircraft transmit short data packets containing identification, position and other information. The system was intended to be used with ground-based receivers. Through its receivers in space, Aireon monitors these transmissions, providing coverage where there is no ground infrastructure, relaying signals from all ADS-B equipped aircraft to controllers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/aviation-international-news/2012-07-04/aireon-will-add-ads-b-receivers-iridium-satellites-worldwide-aircraft-surveillance|title=Aireon Will Add ADS-B Receivers to Iridium Satellites for Worldwide Aircraft Surveillance|work=Aviation International News|access-date=2017-08-31|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airtrafficmanagement.net/2017/07/sabs-aireon-launch-spacebased-adsb-conops/|title=Saudi Arabia's SANS, Aireon launch space-based ADS-B surveillance operational concept {{!}} Air Traffic Management {{!}} Air Traffic Management - ATM and CMS Industry online, the latest air traffic control industry, CAA, ANSP, SESAR and NEXTGEN news, events, supplier directory and magazine|website=www.airtrafficmanagement.net|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref>

Iridium Communications hosts the Aireon payloads on its constellation of Iridium NEXT low-orbiting communication satellites.

Aireon's receiver data is also processed by [[FlightAware]] which has partnered with Aireon to provide data to airlines, other aircraft operators, and the public.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/thenational/aireon-space-based-global-tracking-1.5080893|title=New real-time tracking system locates planes anywhere in the world|last=Hanomansing|first=Ian|publisher=[[CBC News]]|date=2 April 2019|access-date=3 April 2019}}

[[Category:Companies based in McLean, Virginia]]

Carl Pei

2021-06-27T12:49:03Z

SdkbBot: General fixes, removed erroneous space

{{short description|Swedish entrepreneur}}
{{use ldr|date=October 2017}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Pei (surname)|Pei]] {{noitalic|(裴)}}|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name =  Carl Pei
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2019 - Day 3 Carl Pei cropped.jpeg
| image_upright =
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption = Pei in 2019
| native_name = 裴宇
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|9|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Beijing]], China<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tam |first1=Eva |last2=Messmer |first2=Lukas |title=OnePlus Dials Into a Crowded Smartphone Market |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/oneplus-dials-into-a-crowded-smartphone-market-1437600600 |website=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=15 June 2019}}</ref>
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| citizenship = [[Sweden]]<ref name="Svenskens mobilfenomen tar strid mot Apple – nu flyttar han till USA">{{cite web |url=https://digital.di.se/artikel/svenskens-mobilfenomen-tar-strid-mot-apple-nu-flyttar-han-till-usa |title=Svenskens mobilfenomen tar strid mot Apple – nu flyttar han till USA |accessdate=2019-06-25 |date=December 9, 2018 |work=Di Digital |language=Swedish}}</ref>
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Internet entrepreneur
| years_active =
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| known_for = Co-founder [[OnePlus]]

Founder [[Nothing (Technology Company)]]
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| title = CEO and Co-founder of Nothing
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'''Carl Pei''', or '''Pei Yu''' ({{zh|c=裴宇|p=Péi Yǔ}}; born September 11, 1989), is a [[China|Chinese]]-born [[Sweden|Swedish]]<ref name="Svenskens mobilfenomen tar strid mot Apple – nu flyttar han till USA"/> [[List of Internet entrepreneurs|Internet entrepreneur]]. He co-founded [[OnePlus]] along with [[Pete Lau]], in 2013 and was the director of OnePlus Global. He left the firm in September 2020 to start a new hardware venture, called "Nothing".<ref name="Android Police">{{cite web |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/10/12/it-sure-looks-like-oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-has-left-the-company/ |title=Carl Pei is leaving OnePlus to start a 'new venture' |accessdate=2020-10-13 |date=October 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013031248/https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/10/12/it-sure-looks-like-oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-has-left-the-company/ |archive-date=October 13, 2020 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Early life==
Pei was born in 1989 in [[Beijing]], [[China]]; the family soon moved to the [[United States]], and then to [[Sweden]], where Pei grew up.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}} He pursued a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in 2008 at the [[Stockholm School of Economics]], but dropped out in 2011 to work full-time in the Chinese [[smartphone]] industry.<ref name="LinkedIn">{{cite web |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/peicarl/ |title=LinkedIn profile Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-06 |date=October 15, 2017 |work=LinkedIn}}</ref><ref name="droppingout">{{cite web|url=http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|title="Never settle," said Carl Pei and founded OnePlus|date=October 2, 2017|work=Slush|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021915/http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|archive-date=October 7, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Career==
Pei joined [[Nokia]] in 2010, and worked at the company for three months. After Nokia, the fan website Pei had created about [[Meizu]] had caught the attention of that company's [[Hong Kong]] branch, and Pei started working in Meizu's marketing team in 2011. In November he joined [[OPPO Electronics|Oppo]] as its international markets manager, where he worked directly under [[Pete Lau]]<ref name="LinkedIn" /><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |title=After Making It Big Globally, OnePlus Turns Its Gaze To China |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 24, 2015 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015152154/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="SamMobile">{{cite web |url=https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |title=OnePlus co-founder Carl Pei wants to be an intern at Samsung |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 1, 2015 |work=SamMobile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150541/https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==OnePlus==
Pei co-founded [[OnePlus]] with Pete Lau in [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]] in December 2013.<ref name="leavingoppo">{{cite web|url=http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|title=Why Carl Pei left Oppo?|date=December 19, 2013|work=OPPO Community|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070155/http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|archive-date=October 7, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Their first device, the [[OnePlus One]], sold close to a million units in 2014, despite a sales target of only 50,000.<ref name="Digital Trends">{{cite web |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |title=OnePlus sells nearly 1 million OnePlus One units in 2014 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 10, 2015 |work=Digital Trends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015145947/https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In July 2015, Pei presented the [[OnePlus 2]] through a virtual reality video on YouTube. It was claimed to be the first product launch in virtual reality, and has been viewed over 296,000 times as of October 2020.<ref name="OnePlus 2 VR">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |title=OnePlus 2: World’s First Product Launch in VR |accessdate=2020-04-16 |date=April 4, 2020 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125150356/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |archive-date=November 25, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> After the unveiling of the [[OnePlus 3]] in June 2016, Pei claimed it was the company's most popular smartphone, based on the [[Net Promoter|Net Promoter Score]].<ref name="OnePlus 3 XDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |title=Interview with Carl Pei from OnePlus pt1 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 21, 2016 |work=XDA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101054402/https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> When asked in November 2016, Pei said the reason for the upgrade after only three months was because they did not want to wait to improve the hardware.<ref name="OnePlus 3T Pocket-lint">{{cite web |url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |title=Carl Pei: Smartphone's big disruptor talks OnePlus 3T, Daydream VR and focus |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=November 21, 2016 |work=Pocket-lint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150746/http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Pei claimed the [[OnePlus 5]] to be their fastest-selling device to date shortly after its release in June 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 5 NDTV">{{cite web |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |title=OnePlus 5 Is the 'Fastest Selling' OnePlus Device Ever, Says Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 21, 2017 |work=NDTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015201801/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Nothing==
Following his departure from OnePlus, Pei announced Nothing on January 27, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Porter|first=Jon|date=2021-01-27|title=OnePlus co-founder Carl Pei’s next company is literally called Nothing|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/27/22250653/nothing-brand-oneplus-carl-pei-announcement-consumer-technology-smart-devices|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> According to Pei, Nothing’s mission is to remove barriers between people and technology to create a seamless digital future. The company is based in [[London]] and gathers a number of notorious investors, such as [[iPod]] inventor [[Tony Fadell]], [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] co-founder Kevin Lin, Reddit CEO [[Steve Huffman]], and YouTuber [[Casey Neistat]]. On February 25, the company announced [[Teenage Engineering]] as founding partners, mainly responsible for the design aesthetic of the brand and its products.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Porter|first=Jon|date=2021-02-24|title=Nothing taps Teenage Engineering to design upcoming products|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/2/24/22298802/nothing-teenage-engineering-swedish-design-founding-partner-audio-headphones|access-date=2021-06-08|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref>

Nothing's first product is planned to be launched in 2021 Q3.

==Publicity==
In July 2015, during an interview by ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' about how OnePlus was created, Pei stated, "...we looked at all the Android phones on the market and there wasn't one phone that was good enough for us ourselves to use."<ref name="Carl Pei WSJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 23, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914140747/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2014 and 2015, he told ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[Forbes]]'' that "OnePlus wasn’t meant to become a global company at the beginning. The main focus was taking on the Chinese market. ... for the global markets team, we are a bunch of young people without a lot of experience. It was just like an experiment, 'Hey, do the global markets and see what happens. Do whatever you want.' We call our group 'a [[Shenzhen]] within our company', or a start-up within a bigger company."<ref name="Forbes"/> and "Very soon our sales outside of China will surpass sales in China."<ref name="Carl Pei NYT">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 8, 2014 |work=NYT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015151442/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Awards==
In April 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the ''[[Marketing Week]]'' Vision 100 list.<ref name="Marketing Week Vision 100">{{cite web |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |title=Marketing Week Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=April 1, 2016 |work=Marketing Week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150219/https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In January 2016, he was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Forbes 30 Under 30|''Forbes'' 30 Under 30]] list for his influence in the technology industry.<ref name="Forbes 30 Under 30">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |title=Carl Pei 30 Under 30 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 1, 2016 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015153140/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> and in 2019, he was included in the 2019 edition of the Fortune [[40 Under 40|''Fortune'' 40 Under 40]] list .<ref name="Fortune 40 Under 40">{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2019/carl-pei/ |title=Carl Pei 40 Under 40 |accessdate=2021-01-28 |date=January 1, 2019 |work=Fortune |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work">{{cite web |last=Orin |first=Andy |title=I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work |url=http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |website=[[Lifehacker]] |accessdate=1 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170701174000/http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |archivedate=1 July 2017 |url-status=live |language=English |date=4 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}

== External links ==

*[https://twitter.com/getpeid?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor Carl Pei] on [[Twitter]]
{{OnePlus}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pei, Carl}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in telecommunications]]
[[Category:Technology business executives]]
[[Category:Meizu people]]
[[Category:OnePlus people]]
[[Category:Chinese emigrants to Sweden]]
[[Category:1989 births]]

The Eastern States Exposition

2021-06-01T19:18:15Z

SdkbBot: /* History */removed erroneous space

{{short description|Annual agricultural fair in western Massachusetts for the six New England states}}
{{redirect|The Big E|other uses|Big E (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = The Big E
|image = Big E fair.jpg
|caption = The Big E in [[West Springfield, Massachusetts]] in 2007
|status = Active
|begins = Second Friday after [[Labor Day]]
|ends = Seventeen days after it opens
|frequency = Annual
|location = 1305 Memorial Ave. West Springfield, MA 01089
|venue = Eastern States Exposition
|first = {{start date|1917}}
|founder_name = Joshua L. Brooks
|attendance = 1,629,527 (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebige.com/p/generalinfo/mediacenter/attendance|title=Big E Attendance Records|website=www.thebige.com}}</ref>
|genre = [[Agricultural show]]
|area = [[New England]]
|website = {{URL|thebige.com/}}
}}
'''The Big E''', formally known as '''The Eastern States Exposition''', is billed as "[[New England]]'s Great [[State fair]]". It is the largest agricultural event on the eastern seaboard and the sixth-largest fair in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|title=2018 Top 50 Fairs|url=https://carnivalwarehouse.com/files/top50/2018list.pdf}}</ref> The Big E is inclusive of all six of the New England states: [[Connecticut]], [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Rhode Island]], and [[Vermont]]. Each of the New England states is prominently represented at the fair.

Located in the [[Pioneer Valley]] of [[Western Massachusetts]], a short distance from the [[Memorial Bridge (Massachusetts)|Memorial Bridge]] spanning the [[Connecticut River]], The Big E is held every autumn in [[West Springfield, Massachusetts]]. Each year, the fair opens on the second Friday after Labor Day and runs for seventeen days.

== History ==
[[File:Greetings from Eastern States Exposition -- Mass. state building, Maine state building, Vermont state building, New Hampshire state building.jpg|thumbnail|left|The fair promoted on a period post card, ca. 1930-1945]]
The first Eastern States Exposition occurred in October 1916 in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]] and was called the '''Eastern States Agricultural and Industrial Exposition'''. All six New England states plus Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania participated.<ref name="education">{{cite journal |last1=Hart |first1=William R. |date=November 2, 1916 |title=A Triumph in a New Type of Education |journal=The Journal of Education |volume=84 |issue=16 |pages=439 |jstor=42807826 |doi=10.1177/002205741608401611 |s2cid=187119425 }}</ref> It was conceived by [[Joshua L. Brooks]] as a way to help promote agriculture and educate young people with the skills and knowledge needed in agricultural vocations. The Exposition featured displays of innovations in the industry, and held contests designed to encourage farmers to better themselves through competition.<ref name="officialhist">{{cite web |url=http://www.easternstatesexposition.com/p/about/147 |title=History of the Eastern States Exposition |publisher=Eastern States Exposition}}</ref>

The [[Boys & Girls Clubs of America]] partnered with the Exposition to organize youth competitions, in which prizes were awarded for best produce, jams, breads, raised hens, planting techniques, and other categories. The youth component, which drew competitors from all ten participating states, was deemed "a triumph in a new type of education."<ref name="education"></ref> An eight-day camp program was established at Springfield's Camp Vail for all youths who placed first or second in judged competitions.<ref name="campvail">{{cite journal |date=November 1, 1919 |title=Eastern States Exposition|journal=The Journal of Education |volume=90 |issue=18 |pages=490–491 |jstor=42767475}}</ref>

The ten-state format continued into the 1920s, with the month of the exposition moved to September. According to officials, the purpose of the "Eastern States movement" was to make the ten states "more nearly self-supporting food-wise and possess a large, prosperous and contented farming population."<ref name="movement">{{cite journal |date=January 22, 1920 |title=What Is This Eastern States Movement? |journal=The Journal of Education |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=93–94 |jstor=42806745 |doi=10.1177/002205742009100406 |s2cid=220782447 }}</ref> Emphasis on the development of young farmers continued, with the establishment of "Baby Beef Clubs" in 1920 to help youths buy, raise, exhibit, and sell livestock at the event.<ref name="babybeef">{{cite journal |last1=Benson |first1=O. H. |date=February 9, 1922 |title=The Baby Beef Club in New England |journal=The Journal of Education |volume=95 |issue=6 |pages=149–150 |jstor=42806062 |doi=10.1177/002205742209500607 |s2cid=165989485 }}</ref>
[[File:Eastern States Exposition advertisement for 1938.svg|right|thumb|Newspaper ad for the Eastern States Exposition, 1938]]
The exposition began to grow beyond agriculture and industry within its first few years. In 1923, the Massachusetts Department of Health built a model schoolhouse on the fairgrounds, in which free medical and dental examinations were offered.<ref name="healthdept">{{cite journal |date=November 15, 1923 |title=The Eastern States Exposition: Exhibit of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health |journal=The Journal of Education |volume=98 |issue=18 |pages=494–495 |jstor=42767909 |doi=10.1177/002205742309801809 |s2cid=220776987 }}</ref> The rise of the [[eugenics]] movement in the 1920s led to the inclusion of "Fitter Family" contests, in which prizes were awarded to individuals and families based on appearance and ethnic background.<ref name="betterbabies">{{cite journal |last1=Selden |first1=Steven |date=June 2005 |title=Transforming Better Babies into Fitter Families: Archival Resources and the History of the American Eugenics Movement, 1908-1930 |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=149 |issue=2 |pages=199–225 |jstor=4598925 |pmid=16208870 }}</ref><ref name="eugenics">{{cite journal |last1=Brave |first1=Ralph |last2=Sylva |first2=Kathryn |date=Summer 2007 |title=Exhibiting Eugenics: Response and Resistance to a Hidden History |journal=The Public Historian |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=33–51 |jstor=10.1525/tph.2007.29.3.33 |doi=10.1525/tph.2007.29.3.33 |pmid=18175450 }}</ref> Entertainment elements were added by the 1930s, including demonstrations of "automobile polo" (featuring acrobats playing polo while driving Ford cars), and competitive performances by high school bands.<ref name="autopolo">{{cite journal |last1=Baron |first1=Michael |date=Fall 1969|title=The Answer Is in the Media |journal=RQ |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=30–31 |jstor=25823559 }}</ref><ref name="schoolbands">{{cite journal |date=December 1931|title=Eastern Conference |journal=Music Supervisors' Journal |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=52–53 |doi=10.2307/3383364 |jstor=3383364 |s2cid=221047968 }}</ref>

By 1940, the exposition had begun to focus more on the six New England states. At that year's horse show in West Springfield, competitors from Delaware, New Jersey, and New York were placed in the open classes as opposed to the New England division.<ref name="1940horses">{{cite news |last1=Buell |first1=Theodore E. |date=September 16, 1940 |title=28 Nutmeg Entries At Springfield |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/370371510/ |language=English |work=Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, Connecticut |access-date=September 13, 1940 |via=Newspapers.com }}</ref>

In 1966, for the fiftieth anniversary, the fair began marketing itself as "The Big E." The "E" stands for what organizers said was an emphasis on "entertainment, education and excitement."<ref name="name1966">{{cite news |title=Eastern States Exposition: It's Old but Getting Younger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/545229218/ |publisher=North Adams Transcript |location=North Adams, Massachusetts |page=11 |date=2 September 1966 |accessdate=14 September 2019 }}</ref>

Since the first fair, only [[World War I]] (1918), [[World War II]] (1942–1946), during which the military requisitioned the grounds as storage depots, and the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] (2020), have interrupted the annual tradition.<ref name="officialhist"></ref>
{{clear}}

== Attractions ==
===Avenue of States===
[[Image:Avenue of States, The Big E, West Springfield MA.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Avenue of States]]
One of the most popular attractions at The Big E is the ''[http://www.thebige.com/p/thingstodo/avenue Avenue of States]''. The Avenue is said to contain life-size replicas of the six original New England [[List of state capitols in the United States|statehouses]], as well as the New England [[The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry|Grange House]]. In actuality the state houses are not replicas but rather modeled after original state houses in most instances. The buildings for New Hampshire and Vermont have no resemblance to their original state houses.

These buildings feature exhibits and vendors that best exemplify the heritage, food, and traditions of each state. Food vendors can be found in each building selling items that are [[New England cuisine|traditional to their jurisdiction]]. For example, the Maine House offers [[lobster]], [[blueberry]], and potato items, while the Vermont House has [[Ben and Jerry's]] ice cream, maple syrup, and [[Cabot Creamery|Cabot]] cheese. Vendors also sell locally-made products and handicrafts. The Maine baked potatoes have become an icon, with buyers regularly joining long lines during the fair's busier periods. The Connecticut building supplies [[Timex Group USA|Timex]] watches, as well as [[Lego]], which has its US headquarters in that state. The Rhode Island building features [[Del's Lemonade]], Blount Seafood Clamcakes and Chowder, [[Rhode Island]] iconic souvenirs from My Little Town, as well as books from a Rhode Island author [[C. M. Eddy, Jr.]] who has links back to H. P. Lovecraft and [[Houdini]] in Rhode Island.

Much like national [[Embassy|embassies]], the statehouses and the land on which they sit are owned by the respective jurisdiction. Through an arrangement with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, they are administered by representatives from each [[State police|state's police force]] during the Fair. Due to this distinction, tickets for each of the six [[Lotteries in the United States|lotteries]] can be purchased among the houses. There also is an emphasis on [[tourism]] promotion here.

===Livestock and animals===

The Big E remains true to its agricultural roots today, with more than 7,100 [[4-H]] and [[National FFA Organization|FFA]] participants, and 1,100 open-show exhibitors, as well as educational displays and attractions.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

In keeping with the fair's agricultural roots, there are many [[livestock]] displays at The Big E. [[The Big E Coliseum]] features daily [[horse show]]s, while the Mallary Complex houses livestock and other farm animals, including [[goat]]s, [[chicken]]s, [[pig]]s, and [[sheep]].

Other animals, such as those found at [[petting zoo]]s or in the [[Big E Circus Spectacular]], are also featured at The Big E. Small-scale [[dog and pony show]]s are regular features of the Fair. There are also many 4-H youth livestock shows and a sale of the 4-H steers.

===Food===
Many foods representing New England cuisine can be found at The Big E, along with traditional fair foods like [[fried dough]], [[corn dog]]s, and [[lemonade]]. Aside from the state houses, food sellers can be found throughout the main vendor areas and around the perimeter of the fairgrounds.

In recent years, The Big E has endeavored to introduce its own signature foods. This began in 2002 when The Big E introduced Big E Cream Puffs, which it intended to be the signature dessert of the Fair. The Big E features the cream puffs in some of its advertising; in addition, the cream puffs have been featured on local and national TV shows, including ''[[Live with Kelly and Ryan|Live! with Regis and Kelly]]''. This was followed by the introduction in 2004 of "The Big (Chocolate) Eclairs" and, in 2006, of Big E Chocolate Chip Cookies, made with [[Ghirardelli Chocolate Company|Ghirardelli]] chocolate. In 2009, they introduced the "Craz-E Burger", which is a bacon cheeseburger on a glazed donut rather than a bun.

===Vendors===
Small shops are a primary attraction of the Big E. Vendors can be found across most of the fairgrounds, selling items ranging from state-specific [[wikt:trinket|trinket]]s and regional [[memorabilia]], to household goods and clothing and accessories. Many vendors set up shops selling the same goods in multiple areas of the fair in order to attract as many customers as possible.

The Better Living Center is the largest vendor area, featuring household wares, home improvement services, cookware, and health supplements. The International Building is home to vendors selling items from other cultures, in particular those with a common connection with many New Englanders, in particular [[Ireland|Irish]] and [[Italy|Italian]] imported goods.

===Concerts===
The '''Xfinity Arena''' provides an open-air performing area with seating for over 6,000 people. Each weekend, big-name bands and musicians come to perform on this stage. There are ticketed shows (admission to the fair is included with the purchase of a concert ticket as long as it is purchased before the date of the show) as well as a number of free shows that are seated on a "first-come, first-served" basis.

The Court of Honor Stage, located right in the heart of the fairgrounds, also offers free concerts that can be seen just by passing by the stage. The music can be enjoyed from a distance or on one of the many benches that surround the stage.

[[File:Springfield cowgirls.jpg|thumb|Springfield cowgirls, c. 1930]]

===Other attractions===
* Storrowton Village, where fairgoers can experience New England life from the 19th century
* The [[Midway (fair)|Midway]], home to carnival [[Amusement ride|rides]] and games and operated by [[North American Midway Entertainment]]. The Giant Slide is 46 feet high and 135 feet long. It was originally erected near Gate 5 in 1969 but moved to its current spot behind the Better Living Center in 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.masslive.com/springfield/republican/index.ssf?/base/news-30/1286003866119960.xml&coll=1|title=Springfield, Massachusetts - MassLive.com|website=www.masslive.com}}</ref>
* A daily [[Mardi Gras]]-style parade
* The [[The Big E Coliseum|Eastern States Coliseum]], more colloquially known as the "Big E Coliseum," an arena on the grounds where numerous equestrian contests and other special events are held. The building was formerly a professional [[ice hockey]] venue.
* Animatronic Shows, namely ''Melody Farm Follies'' in the "Farm-A-Rama" section and the ''Billy Bob's Bear-A-Dise'' traveling [[Rock-afire Explosion]] show.

==Other uses==
The fairgrounds are used for other events throughout the year, including

* [[Amherst Railway Society Railroad Hobby Show]]
* [[Springfield RV Camping & Outdoor Show]]
* [[Society of Manufacturing Engineers]] EASTEC exposition
* Springfield Sportsmen's Show
* Equine Affaire

In January 2013, the Exposition joined with [[Hard Rock International]] in a proposal to build a casino and hotel on 40 acres of the fairground, in a bid for the single casino license available in Western Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hard Rock unveils plans for casino at Big E fairgrounds|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |author1=Mark Arsenault|author2=Martin Finucane|date=January 11, 2013|url=http://bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/01/11/hard-rock-expected-unveil-plans-for-casino-big-fairgrounds-west-springfield/3JkHReaBr6JVGDVZKYcowK/story.html|accessdate=2013-01-11}}</ref> In a town referendum on September 10, the voters of West Springfield voted the project down.

==Annual Visitors==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Visitors
|-
| 2020 || 0
|-
| 2019 || 1,629,527 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebige.com/p/generalinfo/mediacenter/attendance|title=Big E Attendance Records|website=www.thebige.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || 1,543,470 <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebige.com/p/generalinfo/mediacenter/attendance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051223/https://www.thebige.com/p/generalinfo/mediacenter/attendance|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 2, 2019|title=Big E Attendance Records|date=May 2, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || 1,525,553 <ref name="auto1"/>
|-
| 2016 || 1,418,042 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fox61.com/2016/10/02/big-e-sets-attendance-records-with-1-4-million-attendees/|title=The Big E sets attendance records with 1.4 million attendees|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 1,345,961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2015/10/big_e_ends_2015_fair_with_13_m.html|title=Big E ends 2015 fair with 1.3 million attendance over 17 days|first=Jeanette|last=DeForge|date=October 5, 2015|website=masslive}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || 1,498,605 <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://fox61.com/2014/09/28/the-2014-big-e-breaks-attendance-record/|title=The 2014 Big E Breaks Attendance Record|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || 1,481,917 <ref name="auto"/>
|-
| 2012 || 1,365,896 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.masslive.com/the-big-e/2013/09/the_big_e_has_broken_its_2012_attendance_record_with_1376796_visitors.html|title=The Big E breaks its 2012 attendance record with 1,376,796 visitors|first=Elizabeth|last=Román|date=September 29, 2013|website=masslive}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || 1,201,428 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://esethebige.blogspot.com/2011/10/2011-big-e-wrap-up.html|title=The Big E: 2011 Big E Wrap-up!|first=The Big|last=E|date=October 5, 2011}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Gagnon |first=Frances M. |date=1997 |title=Eastern States Exposition, 1916-1996: an illustrated history at 75 years |location=West Springfield, Mass. |publisher=Eastern States Exposition |isbn=0-9660487-0-9 }}
*{{cite book |last=Phaneuf |first=Wayne E. |date=2016 |title=Eastern States Exposition Centennial: a century of fun at the Big E |location=Springfield, Mass. |publisher=The Republican |isbn=978-1-59725-639-1}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|The Big E}}
* {{Official website|http://www.thebige.com/}}

{{coord|42|5|29.1|N|72|37|7.1|W|region:US|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eastern States Exposition, The}}
[[Category:State fairs]]
[[Category:Festivals in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:September events]]
[[Category:October events]]
[[Category:Culture of Springfield, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Springfield, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Parks in Hampden County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 1916]]