Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Benutzer Diskussion:Scriptions

2018-11-09T04:48:36Z

Scriptions: AZ: Die Seite wurde ohne Inhalt angelegt.

Benutzer:Scriptions

2018-11-09T04:47:41Z

Scriptions: AZ: Die Seite wurde ohne Inhalt angelegt.

Diskussion:Kaschgar (Stadt)

2018-11-09T04:46:34Z

Scriptions: Neuer Abschnitt /* Woher weiß man, dass Kaxgar die offizielle lateinische Schreibweise ist? */

== Stadt„entwicklung“ und „Umvolkung“ ==

Ich habe folgende Sätze aus dem Artikel entfernt:
: ''Die uigurische Altstadt wird systematisch und rücksichtslos abgerissen und durch moderne Straßenzüge ersetzt. Gleichzeitig werden immer mehr Han-Chinesen in der Stadt angesiedelt.''
Gründe: Nicht [[WP:Q|belegt]] und nicht [[WP:N|neutral]]. —[[Benutzer:Babel fish|Babel fish]] 02:35, 2. Dez. 2008 (CET)
:: ich habe einen Beleg dazu siehe [http://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/Uiguren-China-Weltkultur;art772,2843965 hier] --[[Benutzer:Unterstrichmoepunterstrich|Unterstrichmoepunterstrich]] 11:50, 10. Jul. 2009 (CEST)

== Kritik am Artikel ==

http://archiv.twoday.net/stories/5883344/ --[[Benutzer:Historiograf|Historiograf]] 19:47, 17. Aug. 2009 (CEST)

== Debatte über die Schreibweise uigurischer Lemmata ==

Hier: [[Portal_Diskussion:China#Ka.5Bx.7Csch.5Dgar.2C_bzw._Uigurisch-Namenskonvention]]. --[[Benutzer:Babel fish|Babel fish]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Babel fish|Diskussion]]) 18:15, 19. Nov. 2017 (CET)

== Woher weiß man, dass ''Kaxgar'' die offizielle lateinische Schreibweise ist? ==

Der Artikel behauptet, dass ''Kaxgar'' die offizielle lateinische Schreibweise sei. Was ist aber die Quelle dieser Behauptung? Eine Transkription aus dem Uigurischen würde ja bestenfalls ''Kaxkar'' ergeben, nicht ''Kax'''g'''ar''. [[Benutzer:Scriptions|Scriptions]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Scriptions|Diskussion]]) 05:46, 9. Nov. 2018 (CET)

Shek O

2018-10-27T14:58:48Z

Scriptions: Jyut6ping3 should not have superscript numbers, cf. the LSHK Jyutping Word List

{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Chinese|pic=DragonBack1.jpg|piccap=Shek O as viewed from Dragon's Back|t={{linktext|石|澳}}|s={{linktext|石|澳}}|l="Rocky Bay"|j=Sek6ou3|y=Sehk'ou|ci={{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚.ōu|}}|p=Shí'ào|gr=Shyr'aw|mi={{IPAc-cmn|shi|2|.|ao|4}}|showflag=y}}
[[File:HK ShekOTinHauTemple.JPG|thumb|[[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village.]]
[[Image:ShekO-1.JPG|thumb|Shek O Beach facing the South China Sea. Sung Kong ({{zh|t=|宋崗|labels=no}}), one of the [[Po Toi Islands]], is visible in the distance.]]
'''Shek O''' ({{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚ ōu}}) is a beachside village located on the south-eastern part of [[Hong Kong Island]], in [[Hong Kong]]. Administratively, it is part of [[Southern District, Hong Kong|Southern District]]. The scenery of Shek O is the setting of numerous [[Cantopop]] [[music video]]s.The Hong Kong director [[Stephen Chow]]'s famous film "[[King of Comedy (film)|King of Comedy]]" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 喜劇之王) was also shot at Shek O.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.douban.com/note/267238918/|title=随光逐影浪香港之石澳：《喜剧之王》|newspaper=豆瓣|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref>

==Geography==
The name "Shek O" literally means the "rocky bay". The entire area is a [[peninsula]] on the southern coast of the [[Hong Kong Island]], facing the [[South China Sea]]. Shek O is surrounded by [[Shek O Country Park]], [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]] and [[Cape D'Aguilar]].

==Shek O Village==
Shek O Village ({{zh|t=|石澳村|labels=no}}) has a history of some 200 years.<ref name="Tin Hau"/> It was established by fishermen of the Chan, Yip, Li and Lau [[Chinese clan|clans]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #878] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> In 1841, Shek O Village, together with [[Cape D'Aguilar|Hok Tsui]] Village ({{zh|t=|鶴咀村|labels=no}}) and [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave]] Village ({{zh|t=|大浪灣村|labels=no}}), had a population of around 200. The [[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village was built in 1891.<ref name="Tin Hau">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1215] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> Its management has been delegated by the [[Chinese Temples Committee]] to the Shek O Residents Association.<ref>[http://www.ctc.org.hk/en/indirect_control_temple.asp Chinese Temples Committee: Delegated Temples]</ref> It is a [[List of Grade III historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade III historic building]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922201550/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf |date=2013-09-22 }}</ref>

==Outdoor activities==
[[Image:Shek o beach hong kong 300px.jpg|thumb|float|right|Shek O Beach]]
[[File:Playa de Shek o beach.jpg|thumbnail|right|Shek O Beach during a Sunday dawn.]]
[[Beaches of Hong Kong|Shek O Beach]] is a sandy public [[beach]] at Shek O.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php#sheko Leisure and Cultural Services Department: Shek O Beach] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120803203014/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php |date=2012-08-03 }}</ref> The water quality is fair and is gazetted Grade 2. It is a popular weekend and holiday destination, offering a public barbecue area and many restaurants. The rocky cliffs provide an excellent place for sports climbing.

Around one mile north of Shek O beach, after passing the Shek O Country Club, is [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]]. As its name suggests, big waves roll on to the beach, propelled by the wind, making it a popular destination for surfers. Wind surfers can be found in the sea off Big Wave Bay and Shek O beaches. The Dragon's Back above Shek O is home to Hong Kong Island's only paragliding site. Paragliders can be seen riding the lift and landing at the nearby Rocky Bay. Big Wave Bay Beach is also the site of prehistoric [[Prehistoric Hong Kong|rock carving]] similar to those found on [[Cheung Chau]] Island.

Both beaches have basic bars and restaurants, and equipment hire, such as body boards and lilos. In addition, Shek O Beach has a small golf course.

Due to the isolated location of Shek O, the environment near the beach remains rustic and quiet, which is one of the area's main attractions.

The Shek O Country Club ({{zh|t=|石澳鄉村俱樂部|labels=no}}) is built around a par 65 private golf course. Its history goes back to 1919. The construction of the Clubhouse was completed in 1925.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #928] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref>

== Drownings ==
Shek O Beach has been noted as generally suffering from the highest drowning rate among Hong Kong's beaches, although this is not reflected in official statistics as the LCSD only records incidents which occur while lifeguards are on duty. Residents estimated nine drowning deaths at the beach in 2011, and seven in 2012, figures which were not disputed by the [[Leisure and Cultural Services Department]] (LCSD).<ref name=scmp/> The high rate of accidents at the beach has been attributed to its high patronage, usually strong waves, the steep underwater slope of the beach, swimmer inexperience and poor public awareness of water safety principles.<ref name=scmp>{{cite news|last1=Lanyon|first1=Charley|title=Drownings at Shek O beach go unrecorded|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1267968/unnoticed-deaths-shek-o-beach|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=South China Morning Post|date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Shek O Bus Terminus 1.jpg|thumb|Shek O Bus Terminus]]
[[File:MC5147 Shau Kei Wan to Shek O 03-09-2018.jpg|thumb|[[Public light bus|Red minibuses]] between [[Shau Kei Wan]] and Shek O]]
Shek O is served by [[Shek O Road]], which connects [[Tai Tam Road]] to [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]] and [[Chai Wan]]. There is public transport link toward Shek O Beach: bus route 9 and [[Public light bus|red minibuses]] from [[Shau Kei Wan]]. There is limited [[parking]] near the beach. .

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Shek O}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=22.231822,114.254680&spn=0.015248,0.022790&t=k&hl=en Satellite image of Shek O by Google Maps]

{{Peninsulas of Hong Kong}}
{{Gazetted beaches in Hong Kong}}

{{Coord|22|13|50|N|114|15|07|E|display=title|type:landmark}}

[[Category:Beaches of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Southern District, Hong Kong]]

Shek O

2018-10-26T17:31:38Z

Scriptions:

Shek O

2018-10-26T13:04:40Z

Scriptions: the justification for changing the showflag is that I was the one who added showflag=j in the first place, and I added it to mean Yale

{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Chinese|pic=DragonBack1.jpg|piccap=Shek O as viewed from Dragon's Back|t={{linktext|石|澳}}|s={{linktext|石|澳}}|l="Rocky Bay"|j=Sek6ou3|y=Sehk'ou|ci={{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚.ōu|}}|p=Shí'ào|gr=Shyr'aw|showflag=y}}
[[File:HK ShekOTinHauTemple.JPG|thumb|[[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village.]]
[[Image:ShekO-1.JPG|thumb|Shek O Beach facing the South China Sea. Sung Kong ({{zh|t=|宋崗|labels=no}}), one of the [[Po Toi Islands]], is visible in the distance.]]
'''Shek O''' ({{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚ ōu}}) is a beachside village located on the south-eastern part of [[Hong Kong Island]], in [[Hong Kong]]. Administratively, it is part of [[Southern District, Hong Kong|Southern District]]. The scenery of Shek O is the setting of numerous [[Cantopop]] [[music video]]s.The Hong Kong director [[Stephen Chow]]'s famous film "[[King of Comedy (film)|King of Comedy]]" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 喜劇之王) was also shot at Shek O.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.douban.com/note/267238918/|title=随光逐影浪香港之石澳：《喜剧之王》|newspaper=豆瓣|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref>

==Geography==
The name "Shek O" literally means the "rocky bay". The entire area is a [[peninsula]] on the southern coast of the [[Hong Kong Island]], facing the [[South China Sea]]. Shek O is surrounded by [[Shek O Country Park]], [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]] and [[Cape D'Aguilar]].

==Shek O Village==
Shek O Village ({{zh|t=|石澳村|labels=no}}) has a history of some 200 years.<ref name="Tin Hau"/> It was established by fishermen of the Chan, Yip, Li and Lau [[Chinese clan|clans]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #878] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> In 1841, Shek O Village, together with [[Cape D'Aguilar|Hok Tsui]] Village ({{zh|t=|鶴咀村|labels=no}}) and [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave]] Village ({{zh|t=|大浪灣村|labels=no}}), had a population of around 200. The [[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village was built in 1891.<ref name="Tin Hau">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1215] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> Its management has been delegated by the [[Chinese Temples Committee]] to the Shek O Residents Association.<ref>[http://www.ctc.org.hk/en/indirect_control_temple.asp Chinese Temples Committee: Delegated Temples]</ref> It is a [[List of Grade III historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade III historic building]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922201550/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf |date=2013-09-22 }}</ref>

==Outdoor activities==
[[Image:Shek o beach hong kong 300px.jpg|thumb|float|right|Shek O Beach]]
[[File:Playa de Shek o beach.jpg|thumbnail|right|Shek O Beach during a Sunday dawn.]]
[[Beaches of Hong Kong|Shek O Beach]] is a sandy public [[beach]] at Shek O.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php#sheko Leisure and Cultural Services Department: Shek O Beach] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120803203014/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php |date=2012-08-03 }}</ref> The water quality is fair and is gazetted Grade 2. It is a popular weekend and holiday destination, offering a public barbecue area and many restaurants. The rocky cliffs provide an excellent place for sports climbing.

Around one mile north of Shek O beach, after passing the Shek O Country Club, is [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]]. As its name suggests, big waves roll on to the beach, propelled by the wind, making it a popular destination for surfers. Wind surfers can be found in the sea off Big Wave Bay and Shek O beaches. The Dragon's Back above Shek O is home to Hong Kong Island's only paragliding site. Paragliders can be seen riding the lift and landing at the nearby Rocky Bay. Big Wave Bay Beach is also the site of prehistoric [[Prehistoric Hong Kong|rock carving]] similar to those found on [[Cheung Chau]] Island.

Both beaches have basic bars and restaurants, and equipment hire, such as body boards and lilos. In addition, Shek O Beach has a small golf course.

Due to the isolated location of Shek O, the environment near the beach remains rustic and quiet, which is one of the area's main attractions.

The Shek O Country Club ({{zh|t=|石澳鄉村俱樂部|labels=no}}) is built around a par 65 private golf course. Its history goes back to 1919. The construction of the Clubhouse was completed in 1925.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #928] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref>

== Drownings ==
Shek O Beach has been noted as generally suffering from the highest drowning rate among Hong Kong's beaches, although this is not reflected in official statistics as the LCSD only records incidents which occur while lifeguards are on duty. Residents estimated nine drowning deaths at the beach in 2011, and seven in 2012, figures which were not disputed by the [[Leisure and Cultural Services Department]] (LCSD).<ref name=scmp/> The high rate of accidents at the beach has been attributed to its high patronage, usually strong waves, the steep underwater slope of the beach, swimmer inexperience and poor public awareness of water safety principles.<ref name=scmp>{{cite news|last1=Lanyon|first1=Charley|title=Drownings at Shek O beach go unrecorded|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1267968/unnoticed-deaths-shek-o-beach|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=South China Morning Post|date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Shek O Bus Terminus 1.jpg|thumb|Shek O Bus Terminus]]
[[File:MC5147 Shau Kei Wan to Shek O 03-09-2018.jpg|thumb|[[Public light bus|Red minibuses]] between [[Shau Kei Wan]] and Shek O]]
Shek O is served by [[Shek O Road]], which connects [[Tai Tam Road]] to [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]] and [[Chai Wan]]. There is public transport link toward Shek O Beach: bus route 9 and [[Public light bus|red minibuses]] from [[Shau Kei Wan]]. There is limited [[parking]] near the beach. .

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Shek O}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=22.231822,114.254680&spn=0.015248,0.022790&t=k&hl=en Satellite image of Shek O by Google Maps]

{{Peninsulas of Hong Kong}}
{{Gazetted beaches in Hong Kong}}

{{Coord|22|13|50|N|114|15|07|E|display=title|type:landmark}}

[[Category:Beaches of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Southern District, Hong Kong]]

Shek O

2018-10-25T13:28:09Z

Scriptions:

{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Chinese|pic=DragonBack1.jpg|piccap=Shek O as viewed from Dragon's Back|t={{linktext|石|澳}}|s={{linktext|石|澳}}|l="Rocky Bay"|j=Sek6ou3|y=Sehk'ou|ci={{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚.ōu|}}|p=Shí'ào|gr=Shyr'aw|showflag=y}}
[[File:HK ShekOTinHauTemple.JPG|thumb|[[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village.]]
[[Image:ShekO-1.JPG|thumb|Shek O Beach facing the South China Sea. Sung Kong ({{zh|t=|宋崗|labels=no}}), one of the [[Po Toi Islands]], is visible in the distance.]]
'''Shek O''' ({{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚ ōu}}) is a beachside village located on the south-eastern part of [[Hong Kong Island]], in [[Hong Kong]]. Administratively, it is part of [[Southern District, Hong Kong|Southern District]]. The scenery of Shek O is the setting of numerous [[Cantopop]] [[music video]]s.The Hong Kong director [[Stephen Chow]]'s famous film "[[King of Comedy (film)|King of Comedy]]" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 喜劇之王) was also shot at Shek O.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.douban.com/note/267238918/|title=随光逐影浪香港之石澳：《喜剧之王》|newspaper=豆瓣|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref>

==Geography==
The name "Shek O" literally means the "rocky bay". The entire area is a [[peninsula]] on the southern coast of the [[Hong Kong Island]], facing the [[South China Sea]]. Shek O is surrounded by [[Shek O Country Park]], [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]] and [[Cape D'Aguilar]].

==Shek O Village==
Shek O Village ({{zh|t=|石澳村|labels=no}}) has a history of some 200 years.<ref name="Tin Hau"/> It was established by fishermen of the Chan, Yip, Li and Lau [[Chinese clan|clans]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #878] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> In 1841, Shek O Village, together with [[Cape D'Aguilar|Hok Tsui]] Village ({{zh|t=|鶴咀村|labels=no}}) and [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave]] Village ({{zh|t=|大浪灣村|labels=no}}), had a population of around 200. The [[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village was built in 1891.<ref name="Tin Hau">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1215] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210551/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref> Its management has been delegated by the [[Chinese Temples Committee]] to the Shek O Residents Association.<ref>[http://www.ctc.org.hk/en/indirect_control_temple.asp Chinese Temples Committee: Delegated Temples]</ref> It is a [[List of Grade III historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade III historic building]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922201550/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf |date=2013-09-22 }}</ref>

==Outdoor activities==
[[Image:Shek o beach hong kong 300px.jpg|thumb|float|right|Shek O Beach]]
[[File:Playa de Shek o beach.jpg|thumbnail|right|Shek O Beach during a Sunday dawn.]]
[[Beaches of Hong Kong|Shek O Beach]] is a sandy public [[beach]] at Shek O.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php#sheko Leisure and Cultural Services Department: Shek O Beach] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120803203014/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php |date=2012-08-03 }}</ref> The water quality is fair and is gazetted Grade 2. It is a popular weekend and holiday destination, offering a public barbecue area and many restaurants. The rocky cliffs provide an excellent place for sports climbing.

Around one mile north of Shek O beach, after passing the Shek O Country Club, is [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]]. As its name suggests, big waves roll on to the beach, propelled by the wind, making it a popular destination for surfers. Wind surfers can be found in the sea off Big Wave Bay and Shek O beaches. The Dragon's Back above Shek O is home to Hong Kong Island's only paragliding site. Paragliders can be seen riding the lift and landing at the nearby Rocky Bay. Big Wave Bay Beach is also the site of prehistoric [[Prehistoric Hong Kong|rock carving]] similar to those found on [[Cheung Chau]] Island.

Both beaches have basic bars and restaurants, and equipment hire, such as body boards and lilos. In addition, Shek O Beach has a small golf course.

Due to the isolated location of Shek O, the environment near the beach remains rustic and quiet, which is one of the area's main attractions.

The Shek O Country Club ({{zh|t=|石澳鄉村俱樂部|labels=no}}) is built around a par 65 private golf course. Its history goes back to 1919. The construction of the Clubhouse was completed in 1925.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #928] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017210647/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2012-10-17 }}</ref>

== Drownings ==
Shek O Beach has been noted as generally suffering from the highest drowning rate among Hong Kong's beaches, although this is not reflected in official statistics as the LCSD only records incidents which occur while lifeguards are on duty. Residents estimated nine drowning deaths at the beach in 2011, and seven in 2012, figures which were not disputed by the [[Leisure and Cultural Services Department]] (LCSD).<ref name=scmp/> The high rate of accidents at the beach has been attributed to its high patronage, usually strong waves, the steep underwater slope of the beach, swimmer inexperience and poor public awareness of water safety principles.<ref name=scmp>{{cite news|last1=Lanyon|first1=Charley|title=Drownings at Shek O beach go unrecorded|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1267968/unnoticed-deaths-shek-o-beach|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=South China Morning Post|date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Shek O Bus Terminus 1.jpg|thumb|Shek O Bus Terminus]]
[[File:MC5147 Shau Kei Wan to Shek O 03-09-2018.jpg|thumb|[[Public light bus|Red minibuses]] between [[Shau Kei Wan]] and Shek O]]
Shek O is served by [[Shek O Road]], which connects [[Tai Tam Road]] to [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]] and [[Chai Wan]]. There is public transport link toward Shek O Beach: bus route 9 and [[Public light bus|red minibuses]] from [[Shau Kei Wan]]. There is limited [[parking]] near the beach. .

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Shek O}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=22.231822,114.254680&spn=0.015248,0.022790&t=k&hl=en Satellite image of Shek O by Google Maps]

{{Peninsulas of Hong Kong}}
{{Gazetted beaches in Hong Kong}}

{{Coord|22|13|50|N|114|15|07|E|display=title|type:landmark}}

[[Category:Beaches of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Southern District, Hong Kong]]

Shek O

2017-11-14T07:30:56Z

Scriptions:

{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Chinese|pic=DragonBack1.jpg|piccap=Shek O as viewed from Dragon's Back|t={{linktext|石|澳}}|s={{linktext|石|澳}}|l="Rocky Bay"|j=Sek6ou3|y=Sehk'ou|ci={{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚.ōu|}}|p=Shí'ào|gr=Shyr'aw|showflag=j}}
[[File:HK ShekOTinHauTemple.JPG|thumb|[[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village.]]
[[Image:ShekO-1.JPG|thumb|Shek O Beach facing the South China Sea. Sung Kong ({{zh|t=|宋崗|labels=no}}), one of the [[Po Toi Islands]], is visible in the distance.]]
'''Shek O''' ({{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚ ōu}}) is a beachside village located on the south-eastern part of [[Hong Kong Island]], in [[Hong Kong]]. Administratively, it is part of [[Southern District, Hong Kong|Southern District]]. The scenery of Shek O is the setting of numerous [[Cantopop]] [[music video]]s.The Hong Kong director [[Stephen Chow]]'s famous film "[[King of Comedy (film)|King of Comedy]]" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 喜劇之王) was also shot at Shek O.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.douban.com/note/267238918/|title=随光逐影浪香港之石澳：《喜剧之王》|newspaper=豆瓣|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref>

==Geography==
The name "Shek O" literally means the "rocky bay". The entire area is a [[peninsula]] on the southern coast of the [[Hong Kong Island]], facing the [[South China Sea]]. Shek O is surrounded by [[Shek O Country Park]], [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]] and [[Cape D'Aguilar]].

==Shek O Village==
Shek O Village ({{zh|t=|石澳村|labels=no}}) has a history of some 200 years.<ref name="Tin Hau"/> It was established by fishermen of the Chan, Yip, Li and Lau [[Chinese clan|clans]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #878]</ref> In 1841, Shek O Village, together with [[Cape D'Aguilar|Hok Tsui]] Village ({{zh|t=|鶴咀村|labels=no}}) and [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave]] Village ({{zh|t=|大浪灣村|labels=no}}), had a population of around 200. The [[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village was built in 1891.<ref name="Tin Hau">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1215]</ref> Its management has been delegated by the [[Chinese Temples Committee]] to the Shek O Residents Association.<ref>[http://www.ctc.org.hk/en/indirect_control_temple.asp Chinese Temples Committee: Delegated Temples]</ref> It is a [[List of Grade III historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade III historic building]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment]</ref>

==Outdoor activities==
[[Image:Shek o beach hong kong 300px.jpg|thumb|float|right|Shek O Beach]]
[[File:Playa de Shek o beach.jpg|thumbnail|right|Shek O Beach during a Sunday dawn.]]
[[Beaches of Hong Kong|Shek O Beach]] is a sandy public [[beach]] at Shek O.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php#sheko Leisure and Cultural Services Department: Shek O Beach]</ref> The water quality is fair and is gazetted Grade 2. It is a popular weekend and holiday destination, offering a public barbecue area and many restaurants. The rocky cliffs provide an excellent place for sports climbing.

Around one mile north of Shek O beach, after passing the Shek O Country Club, is [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]]. As its name suggests, big waves roll on to the beach, propelled by the wind, making it a popular destination for surfers. Wind surfers can be found in the sea off Big Wave Bay and Shek O beaches. The Dragon's Back above Shek O is home to Hong Kong Island's only paragliding site. Paragliders can be seen riding the lift and landing at the nearby Rocky Bay. Big Wave Bay Beach is also the site of prehistoric [[Prehistoric Hong Kong|rock carving]] similar to those found on [[Cheung Chau]] Island.

Both beaches have basic bars and restaurants, and equipment hire, such as body boards and lilos. In addition, Shek O Beach has a small golf course.

Due to the isolated location of Shek O, the environment near the beach remains rustic and quiet, which is one of the area's main attractions.

The Shek O Country Club ({{zh|t=|石澳鄉村俱樂部|labels=no}}) is built around a par 65 private golf course. Its history goes back to 1919. The construction of the Clubhouse was completed in 1925.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #928]</ref>

== Drownings ==
Shek O Beach has been noted as generally suffering from the highest drowning rate among Hong Kong's beaches, although this is not reflected in official statistics as the LCSD only records incidents which occur while lifeguards are on duty. Residents estimated nine drowning deaths at the beach in 2011, and seven in 2012, figures which were not disputed by the [[Leisure and Cultural Services Department]] (LCSD).<ref name=scmp/> The high rate of accidents at the beach has been attributed to its high patronage, usually strong waves, the steep underwater slope of the beach, swimmer inexperience and poor public awareness of water safety principles.<ref name=scmp>{{cite news|last1=Lanyon|first1=Charley|title=Drownings at Shek O beach go unrecorded|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1267968/unnoticed-deaths-shek-o-beach|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=South China Morning Post|date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Shek O Bus Terminus 1.jpg|thumb|Shek O Bus Terminus]]
Shek O is served by [[Shek O Road]], which connects [[Tai Tam Road]] to [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]] and [[Chai Wan]]. There is one public transport link toward Shek O Beach: bus route 9 from [[Shau Kei Wan]]. There is limited [[parking]] near the beach. It is also served by [[Public light bus|red minibuses]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Shek O}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=22.231822,114.254680&spn=0.015248,0.022790&t=k&hl=en Satellite image of Shek O by Google Maps]

{{Peninsulas of Hong Kong}}
{{Gazetted beaches in Hong Kong}}

{{Coord|22|13|50|N|114|15|07|E|display=title|type:landmark}}

[[Category:Beaches of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Southern District, Hong Kong]]

Shek O

2017-03-06T12:31:45Z

Scriptions:

{{refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Chinese|pic=DragonBack1.jpg|piccap=Shek O as viewed from Dragon's Back|t={{linktext|石|澳}}|s={{linktext|石|澳}}|l="Rocky Bay"|j=Sek6ou3|y=Sehk'ou|ci={{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚.ōu̯|}}|p=Shí'ào|gr=Shyr'aw|showflag=j}}
[[File:HK ShekOTinHauTemple.JPG|thumb|[[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village.]]
[[Image:ShekO-1.JPG|thumb|Shek O Beach facing the South China Sea. Sung Kong ({{zh|t=|宋崗|labels=no}}), one of the [[Po Toi Islands]], is visible in the distance.]]
'''Shek O''' ({{IPA-yue|sɛ̀ːk̚ ōu̯}}) is a beachside village located on the south-eastern part of [[Hong Kong Island]], in [[Hong Kong]]. Administratively, it is part of [[Southern District, Hong Kong|Southern District]]. The scenery of Shek O is the setting of numerous [[Cantopop]] [[music video]]s.The Hong Kong director [[Stephen Chow]]'s famous film "[[King of Comedy (1999 film)|King of Comedy]]" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 喜劇之王) was also shot at Shek O.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.douban.com/note/267238918/|title=随光逐影浪香港之石澳：《喜剧之王》|newspaper=豆瓣|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref>

==Geography==
The name "Shek O" literally means the "rocky bay". The entire area is a [[peninsula]] on the southern coast of the [[Hong Kong Island]], facing the [[South China Sea]]. Shek O is surrounded by [[Shek O Country Park]], [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]] and [[Cape D'Aguilar]].

==Shek O Village==
Shek O Village ({{zh|t=|石澳村|labels=no}}) has a history of some 200 years.<ref name="Tin Hau"/> It was established by fishermen of the Chan, Yip, Li and Lau [[Chinese clan|clans]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #878]</ref> In 1841, Shek O Village, together with [[Cape D'Aguilar|Hok Tsui]] Village ({{zh|t=|鶴咀村|labels=no}}) and [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave]] Village ({{zh|t=|大浪灣村|labels=no}}), had a population of around 200. The [[Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong|Tin Hau Temple]] in Shek O Village was built in 1891.<ref name="Tin Hau">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_no_grade.pdf Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1215]</ref> Its management has been delegated by the [[Chinese Temples Committee]] to the Shek O Residents Association.<ref>[http://www.ctc.org.hk/en/indirect_control_temple.asp Chinese Temples Committee: Delegated Temples]</ref> It is a [[List of Grade III historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade III historic building]].<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment]</ref>

==Outdoor activities==
[[Image:Shek o beach hong kong 300px.jpg|thumb|float|right|Shek O Beach]]
[[File:Playa de Shek o beach.jpg|thumbnail|right|Shek O Beach during a Sunday dawn.]]
[[Beaches of Hong Kong|Shek O Beach]] is a sandy public [[beach]] at Shek O.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/beach/en/beach-address-south.php#sheko Leisure and Cultural Services Department: Shek O Beach]</ref> The water quality is fair and is gazetted Grade 2. It is a popular weekend and holiday destination, offering a public barbecue area and many restaurants. The rocky cliffs provide an excellent place for sports climbing.

Around one mile north of Shek O beach, after passing the Shek O Country Club, is [[Big Wave Bay, Hong Kong Island|Big Wave Bay]]. As its name suggests, big waves roll on to the beach, propelled by the wind, making it a popular destination for surfers. Wind surfers can be found in the sea off Big Wave Bay and Shek O beaches. The Dragon's Back above Shek O is home to Hong Kong Island's only paragliding site. Paragliders can be seen riding the lift and landing at the nearby Rocky Bay. Big Wave Bay Beach is also the site of prehistoric [[Prehistoric Hong Kong|rock carving]] similar to those found on [[Cheung Chau]] Island.

Both beaches have basic bars and restaurants, and equipment hire, such as body boards and lilos. In addition, Shek O Beach has a small golf course.

Due to the isolated location of Shek O, the environment near the beach remains rustic and quiet, which is one of the area's main attractions.

The Shek O Country Club ({{zh|t=|石澳鄉村俱樂部|labels=no}}) is built around a par 65 private golf course. Its history goes back to 1919. The construction of the Clubhouse was completed in 1925.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #928]</ref>

== Drownings ==
Shek O Beach has been noted as generally suffering from the highest drowning rate among Hong Kong's beaches, although this is not reflected in official statistics as the LCSD only records incidents which occur while lifeguards are on duty. Residents estimated nine drowning deaths at the beach in 2011, and seven in 2012, figures which were not disputed by the [[Leisure and Cultural Services Department]] (LCSD).<ref name=scmp/> The high rate of accidents at the beach has been attributed to its high patronage, usually strong waves, the steep underwater slope of the beach, swimmer inexperience and poor public awareness of water safety principles.<ref name=scmp>{{cite news|last1=Lanyon|first1=Charley|title=Drownings at Shek O beach go unrecorded|url=http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1267968/unnoticed-deaths-shek-o-beach|accessdate=1 August 2014|agency=South China Morning Post|date=25 June 2013}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Shek O Bus Terminus 1.jpg|thumb|Shek O Bus Terminus]]
Shek O is served by [[Shek O Road]], which connects [[Tai Tam Road]] to [[Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley]] and [[Chai Wan]]. There is one public transport link toward Shek O Beach: bus route 9 from [[Shau Kei Wan]]. There is limited [[parking]] near the beach. It is also served by [[Public light bus|red minibuses]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Shek O}}
*[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=22.231822,114.254680&spn=0.015248,0.022790&t=k&hl=en Satellite image of Shek O by Google Maps]

{{Peninsulas of Hong Kong}}
{{Gazetted beaches in Hong Kong}}

{{Coord|22|13|50|N|114|15|07|E|display=title|type:landmark}}

[[Category:Beaches of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Southern District, Hong Kong]]

Yale-Romanisierung des Kantonesischen

2016-12-14T11:18:05Z

Scriptions: initials and finals per Cantonese phonology

{{refimprove|date=March 2009}}
{{RCL}}
{{ChineseText}}
{{IPA notice}}

The '''Yale romanization of [[Cantonese]]''' was developed by Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook ''Speak Cantonese'' (1958).<ref>''[https://books.google.no/books?id=A3D7CwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=no#v=onepage&q&f=false The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language]'', p. 40.</ref> Unlike the [[Yale romanization of Mandarin]], it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners.
It shares some similarities with [[Hanyu Pinyin]] in that unvoiced, unaspirated [[consonants]] are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, {{IPA|[p]}} is represented as ''b'' in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, {{IPA|[pʰ]}} is represented as ''p''. Because of this, the Yale romanization is easy for English speakers to pronounce without much training.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Fluent in 3 Months |author=Brian Kwong |title=Why Cantonese isn’t as hard as you think |url=http://www.fluentin3months.com/cantonese/ |accessdate= 2016-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Omniglot |title=Cantonese |url=http://www.omniglot.com/chinese/cantonese.htm |accessdate= 2016-10-27}}</ref> Students studying Cantonese at [[The University of Hong Kong]] learns the [[Sidney Lau romanisation]] from his three-volume textbooks, while those who attend [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]'s New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught to use the Yale romanization.<ref>{{cite web |title=CUHK Teaching Materials |url=http://www.ycclc.cuhk.edu.hk/?v=new_TMP |accessdate= 2016-10-27}}</ref>

== Initials ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|b {{IPAblink|p}} 巴
|p {{IPAblink|pʰ}} 怕
|m {{IPAblink|m}} 媽
|f {{IPAblink|f}} 花
|
|-
|d {{IPAblink|t}} 打
|t {{IPAblink|tʰ}} 他
|n {{IPAblink|n}} 那
|
|l {{IPAblink|l}} 啦
|-
|g {{IPAblink|k}} 家
|k {{IPAblink|kʰ}} 卡
|ng {{IPAblink|ŋ}} 牙
|h {{IPAblink|h}} 蝦
|
|-
|gw {{IPA|[kʷ]}} 瓜
|kw {{IPA|[kʷʰ]}} 誇
|
|
|w {{IPAblink|w}} 蛙
|-
|j {{IPAblink|ts}} 渣
|ch {{IPAblink|tsʰ}} 叉
|
|s {{IPAblink|s}} 沙
|y {{IPAblink|j}} 也
|}

== Finals ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|a {{IPAblink|aː}} 沙
|aai {{IPA|[aːi̯]}} 晒
|aau {{IPA|[aːu̯]}} 筲
|aam {{IPA|[aːm]}} 三
|aan {{IPA|[aːn]}} 山
|aang {{IPA|[aːŋ]}} 省
|aap {{IPA|[aːp]}} 圾
|aat {{IPA|[aːt]}} 殺
|aak {{IPA|[aːk]}} 客
|-
| 
|ai {{IPA|[ɐi̯]}} 西
|au {{IPA|[ɐu̯]}} 收
|am {{IPA|[ɐm]}} 心
|an {{IPA|[ɐn]}} 新
|ang {{IPA|[ɐŋ]}} 生
|ap {{IPA|[ɐp]}} 十
|at {{IPA|[ɐt]}} 失
|ak {{IPA|[ɐk]}} 塞
|-
|e {{IPAblink|ɛː}} 些
|ei {{IPA|[ei̯]}} 四
| 
| 
| 
|eng {{IPA|[ɛːŋ]}} 聲
| 
| 
|ek {{IPA|[ɛːk]}} 石
|-
|i {{IPAblink|iː}} 司
| 
|iu {{IPA|[iːu̯]}} 消
|im {{IPA|[iːm]}} 閃
|in {{IPA|[iːn]}} 先
|ing {{IPA|[eŋ]}} 星
|ip {{IPA|[iːp]}} 攝
|it {{IPA|[iːt]}} 舌
|ik {{IPA|[ek]}} 色
|-
|o {{IPAblink|ɔː}} 蔬
|oi {{IPA|[ɔːy̯]}} 鰓
|ou {{IPA|[ou̯]}} 酥
| 
|on {{IPA|[ɔːn]}} 看
|ong {{IPA|[ɔːŋ]}} 康
| 
|ot {{IPA|[ɔːt]}} 割
|ok {{IPA|[ɔːk]}} 各
|-
|u {{IPAblink|uː}} 夫
|ui {{IPA|[uːy̯]}} 灰
| 
| 
|un {{IPA|[uːn]}} 寬
|ung {{IPA|[oŋ]}} 風
| 
|ut {{IPA|[uːt]}} 闊
|uk {{IPA|[ok]}} 福
|-
|eu {{IPAblink|œː}} 靴
|eui {{IPA|[ɵy̯]}} 去
| 
| 
|eun {{IPA|[ɵn]}} 信
|eung {{IPA|[œːŋ]}} 上
| 
|eut {{IPA|[ɵt]}} 摔
|euk {{IPA|[œːk]}} 削
|-
|yu {{IPAblink|yː}} 書
| 
| 
| 
|yun {{IPA|[yːn]}} 孫
| 
| 
|yut {{IPA|[yːt]}} 雪
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
|m {{IPAblink|m̩}} 唔
| 
|ng {{IPAblink|ŋ̩}} 吳
| 
| 
| 
|}
* Only the finals ''m'' and ''ng'' can be used as standalone [[Syllabic nasal|nasal syllables]].

== Tones ==
[[File:Cantonese Tones.png|right|thumb|180px|Graphical representation of the 6 tones of Cantonese.]]
Modern Cantonese has six phonetic tones. Cantonese Yale can represents these tones using tone marks with the letter ''h'' or tone numbers.<ref>Ng Lam & Chik 2000: 515. "Appendix 3: Tones. The student of Cantonese will be well aware of the importance of tones in conveying meaning. Basically, there are seven tones which, in the Yale system, are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for ..."</ref><ref>Gwaan 2000: 7. "Basically, there are seven tones which, in the Yale system, are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for the three low tones. The following chart will illustrate the seven tones: 3 Mid Level, 1 High Level, 5 Low Faliing, 6 Low Level..."</ref> Traditional Chinese linguistics treats the tones in syllables ending with a stop consonant as separate "[[entering tone]]s". Cantonese Yale follows modern linguistic conventions in treating these the same as tones 1, 3 and 6, respectively.
{|class="wikitable" cellspacing="0"
! No.
! Description
! Chao tone number
! colspan="3" | Yale representation
|-
| 1
| high-flat
| 55
| sī
| sīn
| sīk
|-
| 2
| mid-rising
| 35
| sí
| sín
|
|-
| 3
| mid-flat
| 33
| si
| sin
| sik
|-
| 4
| mid-falling
| 21
| sìh
| sìhn
|
|-
| 5
| low-rising
| 23
| síh
| síhn
|
|-
| 6</td>
| low-flat
| 22
| sih
| sihn
| sihk
|}

== Examples ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
![[Traditional Chinese character|Traditional]]
![[Simplified Chinese character|Simplified]]
!Romanization using Tone Marks
!Romanization using Numbers
|-
|{{lang|zh-HK|廣州話}}
|{{lang|zh-CN|广州话}}
|Gwóngjāuwá
|Gwong2jau1wa2
|-
|{{lang|zh-HK|粵語}}
|{{lang|zh-CN|粤语}}
|Yuhtyúh
|Yut6yu5
|-
| colspan="2" | {{lang|zh-HK|你好}}
|Néih hóu
|Nei5 hou2
|}

Sample transcription of one of the [[Three Hundred Tang Poems|''300 Tang Poems'']]:

{| style="margin:auto; font-size:larger; text-align:left;"
|-
! width=200 | {{lang|zh-hk|春曉}} {{lang|zh-hk|[[Meng Haoran|孟浩然]]}} || Chēun Híu Maahng Houh Yìhn
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|春眠不覺曉，}} || Chēun mìhn bāt gok híu,
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|處處聞啼鳥。}} || chyu chyu màhn tàih níuh.
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|夜來風雨聲，}} || yeh lòih fūng yúh sīng,
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|花落知多少？}} || fā lohk jī dō síu?
|}

== See also ==
* [[Cantonese phonology]]
* [[Yale romanization of Mandarin]]
* [[Yale romanization of Korean]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Gwaan, Choi-wa (關彩華)|year=2000|title=English-Cantonese Dictionary - ''英粤字典'': Cantonese in Yale Romanization|edition=2nd|publisher=[[Chinese University Press]]|isbn=962-201-970-6}}
* {{cite book|author1=Matthews, Stephen |author2=Yip, Virginia |lastauthoramp=yes |year=1994|title=Cantonese. A Comprehensive Grammar|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-08945-X}}
* {{cite book|author1=Ng Lam, Sim-yuk |author2=Chik, Hon-man |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2000|title=Chinese-English Dictionary ''漢英小字典'': Cantonese in Yale Romanization, Mandarin in Pinyin|publisher=[[Chinese University Press]]|isbn=962-201-922-6}}

==External links==
* [http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~windharp/ctroma.htm Comparison chart of Romanization for Cantonese with Yale, S. Lau, Guangdong, Toho and LSHK (uses Shift JIS encoding)]
* [http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php?page=chardict MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports Cantonese Yale romanization)]
* [http://transliterationisfun.blogspot.com/2016/08/chinese-character-to-cantonese-yale.html Online Chinese Character to Yale Romanization of Cantonese lookup Conversion tool]

{{Portal bar|China|Hong Kong|Language}}

[[Category:Cantonese romanisation]]
[[Category:1970 introductions]]
[[Category:Languages of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Transcription of Chinese]]

Yale-Romanisierung des Kantonesischen

2016-12-14T10:59:05Z

Scriptions:

{{refimprove|date=March 2009}}
{{RCL}}
{{ChineseText}}
{{IPA notice}}

The '''Yale romanization of [[Cantonese]]''' was developed by Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook ''Speak Cantonese'' (1958).<ref>''[https://books.google.no/books?id=A3D7CwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=no#v=onepage&q&f=false The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language]'', p. 40.</ref> Unlike the [[Yale romanization of Mandarin]], it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners.
It shares some similarities with [[Hanyu Pinyin]] in that unvoiced, unaspirated [[consonants]] are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, {{IPA|[p]}} is represented as ''b'' in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, {{IPA|[pʰ]}} is represented as ''p''. Because of this, the Yale romanization is easy for English speakers to pronounce without much training.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Fluent in 3 Months |author=Brian Kwong |title=Why Cantonese isn’t as hard as you think |url=http://www.fluentin3months.com/cantonese/ |accessdate= 2016-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Omniglot |title=Cantonese |url=http://www.omniglot.com/chinese/cantonese.htm |accessdate= 2016-10-27}}</ref> Students studying Cantonese at [[The University of Hong Kong]] learns the [[Sidney Lau romanisation]] from his three-volume textbooks, while those who attend [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]'s New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught to use the Yale romanization.<ref>{{cite web |title=CUHK Teaching Materials |url=http://www.ycclc.cuhk.edu.hk/?v=new_TMP |accessdate= 2016-10-27}}</ref>

== Initials ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|b {{IPAblink|p}} 巴
|p {{IPAblink|pʰ}} 怕
|m {{IPAblink|m}} 媽
|f {{IPAblink|f}} 花
|
|-
|d {{IPAblink|t}} 打
|t {{IPAblink|tʰ}} 他
|n {{IPAblink|n}} 那
|
|l {{IPAblink|l}} 啦
|-
|g {{IPAblink|k}} 家
|k {{IPAblink|kʰ}} 卡
|ng {{IPAblink|ŋ}} 牙
|h {{IPAblink|h}} 蝦
|
|-
|gw {{IPA|[kw]}} 瓜
|kw {{IPA|[kʰw]}} 誇
|
|
|w {{IPAblink|w}} 蛙
|-
|j {{IPAblink|ts}} 渣
|ch {{IPAblink|tsʰ}} 叉
|
|s {{IPAblink|s}} 沙
|y {{IPAblink|j}} 也
|}

== Finals ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|a {{IPAblink|a}} 沙
|aai {{IPA|[ai]}} 晒
|aau {{IPA|[au]}} 筲
|aam {{IPA|[am]}} 三
|aan {{IPA|[an]}} 山
|aang {{IPA|[aŋ]}} 省
|aap {{IPA|[ap]}} 圾
|aat {{IPA|[at]}} 殺
|aak {{IPA|[ak]}} 客
|-
| 
|ai {{IPA|[ɐi]}} 西
|au {{IPA|[ɐu]}} 收
|am {{IPA|[ɐm]}} 心
|an {{IPA|[ɐn]}} 新
|ang {{IPA|[ɐŋ]}} 生
|ap {{IPA|[ɐp]}} 十
|at {{IPA|[ɐt]}} 失
|ak {{IPA|[ɐk]}} 塞
|-
|e {{IPAblink|ɛ}} 些
|ei {{IPA|[ei]}} 四
| 
| 
| 
|eng {{IPA|[ɛŋ]}} 聲
| 
| 
|ek {{IPA|[ɛk]}} 石
|-
|i {{IPAblink|i}} 司
| 
|iu {{IPA|[iu]}} 消
|im {{IPA|[im]}} 閃
|in {{IPA|[in]}} 先
|ing {{IPA|[ɪŋ]}} 星
|ip {{IPA|[ip]}} 攝
|it {{IPA|[it]}} 舌
|ik {{IPA|[ɪk]}} 色
|-
|o {{IPAblink|ɔ}} 蔬
|oi {{IPA|[ɔi]}} 鰓
|ou {{IPA|[ou]}} 酥
| 
|on {{IPA|[ɔn]}} 看
|ong {{IPA|[ɔŋ]}} 康
| 
|ot {{IPA|[ɔt]}} 割
|ok {{IPA|[ɔk]}} 各
|-
|u {{IPAblink|u}} 夫
|ui {{IPA|[ui]}} 灰
| 
| 
|un {{IPA|[un]}} 寬
|ung {{IPA|[ʊŋ]}} 風
| 
|ut {{IPA|[ut]}} 闊
|uk {{IPA|[ʊk]}} 福
|-
|eu {{IPAblink|œ}} 靴
|eui {{IPA|[ɵy]}} 去
| 
| 
|eun {{IPA|[ɵn]}} 信
|eung {{IPA|[œŋ]}} 上
| 
|eut {{IPA|[ɵt]}} 摔
|euk {{IPA|[œk]}} 削
|-
|yu {{IPAblink|y}} 書
| 
| 
| 
|yun {{IPA|[yn]}} 孫
| 
| 
|yut {{IPA|[yt]}} 雪
| 
|-
| 
| 
| 
|m {{IPAblink|m̩}} 唔
| 
|ng {{IPAblink|ŋ̩}} 吳
| 
| 
| 
|}
* Only the finals ''m'' and ''ng'' can be used as standalone [[Syllabic nasal|nasal syllables]].

== Tones ==
[[File:Cantonese Tones.png|right|thumb|180px|Graphical representation of the 6 tones of Cantonese.]]
Modern Cantonese has six phonetic tones. Cantonese Yale can represents these tones using tone marks with the letter ''h'' or tone numbers.<ref>Ng Lam & Chik 2000: 515. "Appendix 3: Tones. The student of Cantonese will be well aware of the importance of tones in conveying meaning. Basically, there are seven tones which, in the Yale system, are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for ..."</ref><ref>Gwaan 2000: 7. "Basically, there are seven tones which, in the Yale system, are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for the three low tones. The following chart will illustrate the seven tones: 3 Mid Level, 1 High Level, 5 Low Faliing, 6 Low Level..."</ref> Traditional Chinese linguistics treats the tones in syllables ending with a stop consonant as separate "[[entering tone]]s". Cantonese Yale follows modern linguistic conventions in treating these the same as tones 1, 3 and 6, respectively.
{|class="wikitable" cellspacing="0"
! No.
! Description
! Chao tone number
! colspan="3" | Yale representation
|-
| 1
| high-flat
| 55
| sī
| sīn
| sīk
|-
| 2
| mid-rising
| 35
| sí
| sín
|
|-
| 3
| mid-flat
| 33
| si
| sin
| sik
|-
| 4
| mid-falling
| 21
| sìh
| sìhn
|
|-
| 5
| low-rising
| 23
| síh
| síhn
|
|-
| 6</td>
| low-flat
| 22
| sih
| sihn
| sihk
|}

== Examples ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
![[Traditional Chinese character|Traditional]]
![[Simplified Chinese character|Simplified]]
!Romanization using Tone Marks
!Romanization using Numbers
|-
|{{lang|zh-HK|廣州話}}
|{{lang|zh-CN|广州话}}
|Gwóngjāuwá
|Gwong2jau1wa2
|-
|{{lang|zh-HK|粵語}}
|{{lang|zh-CN|粤语}}
|Yuhtyúh
|Yut6yu5
|-
| colspan="2" | {{lang|zh-HK|你好}}
|Néih hóu
|Nei5 hou2
|}

Sample transcription of one of the [[Three Hundred Tang Poems|''300 Tang Poems'']]:

{| style="margin:auto; font-size:larger; text-align:left;"
|-
! width=200 | {{lang|zh-hk|春曉}} {{lang|zh-hk|[[Meng Haoran|孟浩然]]}} || Chēun Híu Maahng Houh Yìhn
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|春眠不覺曉，}} || Chēun mìhn bāt gok híu,
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|處處聞啼鳥。}} || chyu chyu màhn tàih níuh.
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|夜來風雨聲，}} || yeh lòih fūng yúh sīng,
|-
| {{lang|zh-hk|花落知多少？}} || fā lohk jī dō síu?
|}

== See also ==
* [[Cantonese phonology]]
* [[Yale romanization of Mandarin]]
* [[Yale romanization of Korean]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Gwaan, Choi-wa (關彩華)|year=2000|title=English-Cantonese Dictionary - ''英粤字典'': Cantonese in Yale Romanization|edition=2nd|publisher=[[Chinese University Press]]|isbn=962-201-970-6}}
* {{cite book|author1=Matthews, Stephen |author2=Yip, Virginia |lastauthoramp=yes |year=1994|title=Cantonese. A Comprehensive Grammar|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-08945-X}}
* {{cite book|author1=Ng Lam, Sim-yuk |author2=Chik, Hon-man |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2000|title=Chinese-English Dictionary ''漢英小字典'': Cantonese in Yale Romanization, Mandarin in Pinyin|publisher=[[Chinese University Press]]|isbn=962-201-922-6}}

==External links==
* [http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~windharp/ctroma.htm Comparison chart of Romanization for Cantonese with Yale, S. Lau, Guangdong, Toho and LSHK (uses Shift JIS encoding)]
* [http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php?page=chardict MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports Cantonese Yale romanization)]
* [http://transliterationisfun.blogspot.com/2016/08/chinese-character-to-cantonese-yale.html Online Chinese Character to Yale Romanization of Cantonese lookup Conversion tool]

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[[Category:Cantonese romanisation]]
[[Category:1970 introductions]]
[[Category:Languages of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Transcription of Chinese]]