Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

William Heerlein Lindley

2005-10-28T13:20:47Z

SD6-Agent: category:British engineers,1853 births,1917 deaths

'''William Heerlein Lindley''' ([[1853]] - [[1917]]).

One of three sons of the famous British engineer [[William Lindley]], WH Lindley worked together with his father on a number of projects and was a respected engineer in his own right. Between [[1881]] and [[1889]] he oversaw the construction of [[Warsaw]] waterworks, designed by his father in 1876-8. He oversaw the construction of the sewage works in [[Prague]], built between [[1895]] and [[1906]], which was in use until [[1967]]. He also coordinated the project for [[Baku]]'s water supply system, working from [[1899]] up until his death in 1917. In [[1909]] he also designed a water and sewerage system for [[Lodz]], Poland, although the expense of the system meant the project was shelved until the 1920s.

==External link==
* [http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_shollar_zelichowski.html How Baku Got Its Water-The British Link]

[[Category:British engineers]]
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1917 deaths]]

Jody Azzouni

2005-09-28T18:24:27Z

SD6-Agent: categories:American philosophers, American writers

'''Jody Azzouni''' is a [[philosopher]] currently at [[Tufts University]], working on the philosophy of [[mathematics]], [[science]], [[logic]], [[language]] and in areas of [[metaphysics]], [[epistemology]], and [[aesthetics]]. In addition to the philosophy he does, he holds a degree in mathematics and has published poems and short stories.

He has published ''Metaphysical Myths, Mathematical Practice: The Ontology and Epistemology of the Exact Sciences'' ([[1994]]), ''Knowledge and Reference in Empirical Science'' ([[2000]]), and ''Deflating Existential Consequence: A Case for Nominalism'' ([[2004]]).

{{philosopher-stub}}

[[Category:American philosophers]]
[[Category:American writers]]

Evolution Studios

2005-09-23T19:05:41Z

SD6-Agent: Linked to MotorStorm

'''Evolution Studios Ltd.''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[video game developer]]. The company was founded in [[1999]] by [[Martin Kenwright]] ([[Digital Image Design]]) and [[Ian Hetherington]] ([[Psygnosis]]). The company is [[headquarter]]ed in [[Cheshire]] as well as having a satellite studio, Bigbig Studios, in [[Warwickshire]].

== Evoution Studios video games ==
* [[MotorStorm]] (in development)
* [[WRC II Extreme]]
* [[WRC World Rally Championship]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.evos.net/ Evolution Studios website]
* [http://www.bigbigstudios.com Bigbig Studios website]
* [http://www.gamespot.com/news/companies/evolutionstudios/ GameSpot.com Profile of Evolution Studios]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/company/evolution-studios Moby Games - Rap Sheet of Evoution Studios]

{{videogame-stub}}

[[Category:Computer and video game companies]]
[[Category:Companies of the United Kingdom]]

Evolution Studios

2005-09-23T19:03:56Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Evolution Studios Ltd.''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[video game developer]]. The company was founded in [[1999]] by [[Martin Kenwright]] ([[Digital Image Design]]) and [[Ian Hetherington]] ([[Psygnosis]]). The company is [[headquarter]]ed in [[Cheshire]] as well as having a satellite studio, Bigbig Studios, in [[Warwickshire]].

== Evoution Studios video games ==
* [[WRC II Extreme]]
* [[WRC World Rally Championship]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.evos.net/ Evolution Studios website]
* [http://www.bigbigstudios.com Bigbig Studios website]
* [http://www.gamespot.com/news/companies/evolutionstudios/ GameSpot.com Profile of Evolution Studios]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/company/evolution-studios Moby Games - Rap Sheet of Evoution Studios]

{{videogame-stub}}

[[Category:Computer and video game companies]]
[[Category:Companies of the United Kingdom]]

Charles Lapworth

2005-09-21T23:46:59Z

SD6-Agent: Linked English to England

'''Charles Lapworth''' ([[September 20]], [[1842]] – [[March 13]], [[1920]]) was an [[England|English]] [[geology|geologist]].

Born at [[Faringdon]], [[Berkshire]], and trained as a teacher, Lapworth settled in the [[Scotland|Scottish]] border region, where he investigated the previously little-known [[fossil]] [[Fauna (animals)|fauna]] of the area. He married in [[1869]] and stayed in the area. Eventually, through patient mapping and innovative use of index fossil analysis, Lapworth showed that what was thought to be a thick sequence of [[Silurian]] rocks was in fact a much thinner series of rocks repeated by faulting and folding.

Eventually his controversial analysis was accepted, and he slowly rose to become one of the leading geologists in the [[British Isles]]. He served as a professor at several colleges, and received numerous awards for his work. He is best known for pioneering faunal analysis of Silurian beds by means of index fossils, and his proposal (eventually adopted) that the beds between the [[Cambrian]] beds of north [[Wales]] and the [[Silurian]] beds of South Wales should be assigned to a new geological periodthe [[Ordovician]]. This proposal resolved a heated argument over the age of the strata in question.
{{lived|b=1842|d=1920|key=Lapworth, Charles}}
[[Category:English geologists|Lapworth, Charles]]

[[fr:Charles Lapworth]]

Brightlight Pictures

2005-09-19T16:44:13Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Brightlight Pictures Inc.''' is a [[Canadian]] [[film production]] and [[television production]] company based in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Canada. The company was founded in [[2001]].

== Brightlight Pictures productions ==
* ''[[Slither (2006 film)|Slither]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Far Cry]]'' (2006)
* ''[[In the Name of the King]]'' (2006)
* ''[[The Wicker Man]]'' (2006)
* ''[[How to Make a Canadian Film]]'' (2005)
* ''[[The Long Weekend (movie)|The Long Weekend]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Marker (TV movie)|Marker]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Alone in the Dark]]'' (2005)
* ''[[White Noise]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Johnny Tootall]]'' (2005) (TV)
* ''[[Severed]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Vinyl (movie)|Vinyl]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Pink Ludoos]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Going the Distance]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Lies Like Truth]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Cable Beach]]'' (2004) (TV)
* ''[[Mob Princess]]'' (2003) (TV)
* ''[[Alienated]]'' (2003)
* ''[[House of the Dead]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Punch (2002 movie)|Punch]]'' (2002)

== External links ==
* [http://www.imdb.com/company/co0065717/ Brightlight Pictures Inc. at IMDb.com]
* [http://www.brightlightpictures.com/home.htm Brightlight Pictures official website]
* [http://www.telefilm.gc.ca/06/6511.asp?lang=en&f=9327 Telefilm Canada profile of Brightlight Pictures]

{{company-stub}}

[[Category:Companies of Canada]]
[[Category:Film production companies]]
[[Category:Television production companies]]

Rick Hansen

2005-09-18T22:07:44Z

SD6-Agent: /* Biography */ Fixed link to Williams Lake, BC

'''Rick Hansen''', [[Order of Canada|O.C.]], [[Order of British Columbia|O.B.C.]], (born [[August 26]], [[1957]], [[Port Alberni, British Columbia|Port Alberni]], [[British Columbia]]) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[paraplegic]] [[athlete]] and [[humanitarian]] most famous for his ''Man in Motion'' tour, in which he [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigated]] the globe in a [[wheelchair]] to raise public awareness of [[spinal cord]] research.

==Biography==
Born in Port Alberni, Hansen grew up in [[Williams Lake, British Columbia|Williams Lake]], BC. He was a young athlete who had won all-star awards in five sports when he was paralyzed at the age of 15, after he was thrown from the back of a truck. Although initially deeply despondent, he soon learned to conquer his disability. He worked on rehabilitation, completed high school, then became the first student with a physical disability to graduate in [[Physical Education]] from the [[University of British Columbia]]. He went on to become a world class champion wheelchair marathoner and 1984 Olympic athlete. Hansen won 19 international wheelchair marathons, including three world championships.

He was inspired to attempt his greatest feat by his friend, [[Terry Fox]], who attempted an 8000 km cross-Canada [[Marathon (sport)|marathon]] with an artificial leg in the name of raising funds for [[cancer]] research.

He is married to Amanda, his Wheels in Motion trainer. They have three daughters and live in [[Richmond, BC]].

==Man in Motion world tour==
He began on [[March 21]], [[1985]] from [[Oakridge Mall]] in [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]]. Although public attention was low at the beginning of his trek, he soon became a worldwide media sensation as he progressed on a twenty-six month long trek that would log over 40,000 km through thirty-four countries on four [[continent]]s before crossing Canada. He returned to Vancouver's [[BC Place Stadium]] in triumph to cheering crowds of thousands on [[May 22]], [[1987]] after raising $26 million for spinal cord research. Like Fox, he was hailed as a [[List of Canadian heroes and heroines|national hero]]. Today, the wheelchair and many other items associated with the Man in Motion world tour are preserved by the BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum.

==Activism==
Since then, he has been ardent activist for spinal cord research and [[paraplegic]] sports as president and CEO of the [[Rick Hansen Man In Motion Foundation]].

In addition to the efforts on behalf of his association, Rick Hansen has also been a long-time supporter of fishing and environmental causes, and acts as Chair on the boards of the [[Fraser River Sturgeon Conservation Society]] and the [[Pacific Salmon Endowment Fund Society]].

==Awards and honours==
Hansen shared the [[Canadian Athlete of the Year]] Award with [[Wayne Gretzky]] in [[1983]]. In [[1986]], a [[private member's bill]] in the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Ontario legislature]] renamed a remote [[township (Canada)|township]] in [[Sudbury District, Ontario]], previously named the Geographical Township of [[List of places named after Stalin|Stalin]], in the athlete's honour as the Geographic [[Hansen Township, Ontario|Township of Hansen]]. (It is now within the boundaries of the municipality of [[Killarney, Ontario|Killarney]].) Hansen became a companion of the [[Order of Canada]] on [[March 29]], [[1988]]. He was named commissioner general for the Canadian Pavilion at [[Expo 1990]] in [[Australia]].

* Order of Canada
* Order of British Columbia
* National Disabled Athlete of the Year in 1979
* Lou Marsh Trophy (with Wayne Gretzky) as Canada's Outstanding Athlete of 1983
* Doctor of Laws from UBC
* first incumbent of the Rick Hansen National Fellowship.
* two [[public school]]s have been named after Rick Hansen:
** Rick Hansen Secondary School, [[Abbotsford, British Columbia]], and
** Rick Hansen Secondary School, [[Mississauga, Ontario]]
* WAC Bennett Award (BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum)

==Books written==
He is the co-author of two books: the autobiographical ''Rick Hansen: Man in Motion'', co-written with Jim Taylor (published in [[1987]], ISBN 0888945604), and the self-help book ''Going the Distance'', co-written with Dr. Joan Laub (published in [[1994]], ISBN 1550541196).

==External links==
*[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-74-698/people/rick_hansen/ CBC Archives - Rick Hansen: Man In Motion]
*[http://www.rickhansen.com/index.htm Rick Hansen Man in Motion Foundation]
*[http://www.eventsedge.com/rickhansen.html Events Edge Bio]
*[http://www.protocol.gov.bc.ca/protocol/prgs/obc/1990/1990_RHansen.htm Order of BC bio]
*[http://www.bcsportshalloffame.com BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum]

[[Category:1957 births|Hansen, Rick]]
[[Category:Canadian humanitarians|Hansen, Rick]]
[[Category:Canadian disabled sportspeople|Hansen, Rick]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of British Columbia|Hansen, Rick]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Canada|Hansen, Rick]]

Canada Revenue Agency

2005-08-10T18:11:36Z

SD6-Agent: Linked to tax law and added link to Taxation in Canada

The '''Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)''' administers:

* [[tax law]]s for the Government of [[Canada]] and for most provinces and territories;
* [[international trade]] legislation; and
* various [[social]] and [[economic]] benefit and incentive programs delivered through the tax system.

The Canada Revenue Agency was previously known as the '''Canada Customs and Revenue Agency''' (CCRA) until a federal government reorganization in [[December]] [[2003]] when it was decided to split the organization's customs and revenue responsibilities into separate organizations. Since then, the [[Canada Border Services Agency]] has been added to the [[Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (Canada)|Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness]] to handle customs responsibilities.

The CCRA was short-lived, having been created in a [[November]] [[1999]] reorganization of the federal government where it had been known for many years under its statutory name the '''[[Department of National Revenue (Canada)|Department of National Revenue]]'''. It was also referred to as '''Revenue Canada''' under the Federal Identity Program of the Treasury Board of Canada.

==External link==
*http://www.cra-arc.gc.ca

==Related link==
*[[Taxation in Canada]]

[[Category:Canadian federal departments and agencies]]
[[Category:Taxation in Canada]]

Mount Munro

2005-08-02T09:44:59Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Mount Munro''' is the highest point on [[Australia]]'s [[Cape Barren Island]] at 687 [[metre]]s.

{{australia-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Geography of Australia]]

Mike Reno

2005-07-25T13:54:57Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Mike Reno''' (Born: Joseph Michael Rynoski on [[January 8]], [[1955]] in [[New Westminster, British Columbia|New Westminster]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]) is a Canadian [[musician]] and [[lead singer]] of [[Loverboy]] and a [[drummer]]. He also fronted other bands, including [[Moxy (band)|Moxy]].

After graduating [[high school]], he moved to [[Calgary, Alberta]]. There, he met [[Paul Dean]] in [[1978]] and got together for a [[jam session]] which lead to forming Loverboy.

Aside from leading Loverboy, he contributed to [[film soundtrack]]s. In [[1984]], he did a [[duet]] with [[Ann Wilson]] of [[Heart (band)|Heart]] to sing ''Almost Paradise'' for the movie ''[[Footloose]]'' and with Loverboy, contributed ''Heaven in Your Eyes'' for the movie ''[[Top Gun]]'', in [[1986]].

[[Category:Canadian musicians]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:People from British Columbia]]

{{canada-bio-stub}}

Mike Reno

2005-07-24T15:26:35Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Mike Reno''' (Born: Joseph Michael Rynoski on [[January 8]], [[1955]] in [[New Westminster, British Columbia|New Westminster]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]) is a Canadian [[musician]] and [[lead singer]] of [[Loverboy]] and a [[drummer]]. He also fronted other bands, including [[Moxy (band)|Moxy]].

After graduating [[high school]], he moved to [[Calgary, Alberta]]. There, he met [[Paul Dean]] in [[1978]] and got together for a [[jam session]] which lead to forming Loverboy.

Aside from leading Loverboy, he contributed to [[film soundtrack]]s. In [[1984]], he did a [[duet]] with [[Ann Wilson]] of [[Heart (band)|Heart]] to sing ''Almost Paradide'' for the movie ''[[Footloose]]'' and with Loverboy, contributed ''Heaven in Your Eyes'' for the movie ''[[Top Gun]]'', in [[1986]].

[[Category:Canadian musicians]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:People from British Columbia]]

{{canada-bio-stub}}

Astral Media

2005-07-12T01:24:06Z

SD6-Agent: /* Énergie FM network */

'''Astral Media''' {{tsx|ACM}} is a [[Canadian]] [[mass media|media]] corporation. It owns several [[radio station]]s in [[Quebec]] and [[Atlantic Canada]], as well as several [[television station]]s that are available across Canada.

Astral Media's roots lie with Angreen Photo, a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[company]] founded in [[1961]]. It was created when [[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]]'s Greenberg brothers founded it to operate the [[photography]] concession in Miracle Mart, a [[department store]] chain. Its acquisition in [[1968]] of a photographic store eventually grew into Astral Photo's 125 store-chain. The store grew quickly into [[film|motion picture]] processing after acquiring the Pathé-Humphries motion picture lab. The name was changed to Bellevue Pathé and later to AstralTech.

Astral in its present day form was constituted in [[1973]] under the name Astral Bellevue Pathé Limited. Astral eventually undertook [[videocassette]] duplication and video [[wholesale|wholesaling]]. Astral also [[producer|produced]] or [[executive producer|executive produced]] over 100 feature [[film]]s and [[television program]]s and television [[miniseries]]. In [[1983]], the Greenberg's acquired complete control of two [[pay-per-view]] networks. Astral expanded its television operations by launching new networks. Astral ceased to be directly involved in [[film]] and program production in [[1983]].

In [[February]] [[2000]], Astral Communications became Astral Media.

==Radio stations in Quebec==
===[[Énergie FM]] network===
:* [[CKMF]] 94.3 FM, [[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]]
:* [[CJAB]] 94.5 FM, [[Saguenay, Quebec|Saguenay]]/[[Lac St-Jean, Quebec|Lac St-Jean]]
:* [[CHIK]] 98.9 FM, [[Quebec City, Quebec|Quebec City]]
:* [[CJMM]] 99.1 FM, [[Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec|Rouyn-Noranda]]
:* [[CIGB]] 102.3 FM, [[Mauricie, Quebec|Mauricie]]
:* [[CJMV]] 102.7 FM, [[Val d'Or, Quebec|Val d'Or]]
:* [[CKTF]] 104.1 FM, [[Outaouais, Quebec|Outaouais]]
:* [[CIMO]] 106.1 FM, [[Estrie, Quebec|Estrie]]

===[[RockDétente FM]] network===
:* [[CHEY]] 94.7 FM, Maurice
:* [[CIMF]] 94.9 FM, [[Gatineau, Quebec|Gatineau]]/[[Ottawa, Ontario|Ottawa]]
:* [[CFIX]] 96.9 FM, Saguenay/Lac St-Jean
:* CITE 102.7 FM, Estrie
:* [[CITE]] 107.3 FM, Montreal
:* [[CITF]] 107.5 FM, Quebec City

===[[BoomFm]] network===
:* [[CHRD]] 105.3 FM, [[Drummondville, Quebec|Drummondville]]
:* [[CFEI]] 106.5 FM, [[St-Hyacinthe, Quebec|St-Hyacinthe]]

==Radio stations in Atlantic Canada==
:* [[CIKX]] 93.5 FM, [[Grand-Sault, New Brunswick]]
:* [[CKTY]] 99.5 FM, [[Truro, Nova Scotia]]
:* [[CKTO]] 100.9 FM, Truro, Nova Scotia
:* [[CJCJ]] 104.1 FM, [[Woodstock, New Brunswick]]
:* [[CFXY]] 105.3 FM, [[Fredericton, New Brunswick]]
:* [[CIBX]] 106.9 FM, Fredericton, New Brunswick
:* [[CKHJ]] 1260 AM, Fredericton, New Brunswick
:* [[CKBC]] 1360 AM, [[Bathurst, New Brunswick]]

==External links==
* [http://www.astralmedia.com/ Astral Media website]
* [http://www.crtc.gc.ca/ownership/eng/title_org.htm#A CRTC chart of Astral Media's assets]

[[Category:Canadian media companies]]
[[Category:S&P/TSX Composite Index]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies of Canada]]

Rogers TV

2005-07-06T15:44:12Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Rogers Television''' is a [[Canadian]] [[television network]] owned by [[Rogers Communications]]. Rogers Television broadcasts into the [[Canadian provinces]] of [[New Brunswick]], [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] and [[Ontario]]. *Some stations broadcast in [[Canadian French|French]] language.

== Rogers Television stations ==
* [[Bathurst, New Brunswick]]*
* Bathurst, New Brunswick
* [[Edmundston, New Brunswick]]*
* [[Fredericton, New Brunswick]]
* [[Miramichi, New Brunswick]]
* [[Moncton, New Brunswick]]*
* [[Saint John, New Brunswick]]
* [[Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador]]
* [[Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador]]
* [[Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador]]
* [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]]
* [[Brampton, Ontario]]
* [[Brantford, Ontario]]
* [[Durham Region, Ontario]]
* [[Grey County, Ontario]]
* [[Guelph, Ontario]]
* [[London, Ontario]]
* [[Mississauga, Ontario]]
* [[Ottawa, Ontario]]*
* [[Simcoe County, Ontario]]
* [[St. Thomas, Ontario]]
* [[Stratford, Ontario]]
* [[Strathroy-Caradoc, Ontario]]
* [[Tillsonburg, Ontario]]
* [[Toronto, Ontario]]
* [[Waterloo Region]], Ontario
* [[Woodstock, Ontario]]
* [[York Region, Ontario]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.rogerstelevision.com/ Rogers Television website]

{{broadcasting-stub}}
{{canada-stub}}

[[Category:Canadian television networks]]
[[Category:Rogers Communications]]
[[Category:French television]]

Hazel McCallion

2005-06-14T03:20:07Z

SD6-Agent: categories:People from Quebec

[[Image: Hazelandoscar.jpg|right|thumb|279px|Mayor McCallion grants Jazz legend [[Oscar Peterson]], a long time Mississauga resident, a civic honour.]]
'''Hazel McCallion''' (born [[February 14]], [[1921]]) is the [[mayor]] of [[Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga]], [[Ontario]], a suburb of [[Toronto, Ontario|Toronto]], and [[Canada]]'s sixth largest city. McCallion has been Mississauga's mayor since [[1978]].

Hazel McCallion was born in [[Port Daniel, Quebec|Port Daniel]] on the [[Gaspé peninsula|Gaspé]] Coast of [[Quebec]] and educated in [[Quebec City, Quebec|Quebec City]] and [[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]].

She began her [[politics|political]] career in [[Streetsville, Ontario]], a village which has since merged into the city of Mississauga. Beginning as the chairman of the Streetsville Planning Board in [[1967]], she later became deputy [[Reeve (Canada)|reeve]] of Streetsville and was appointed Reeve soon after. She was elected as Streetsville's mayor in [[1970]], serving until [[1973]]. By the time she was elected mayor of Mississauga, she had sat on virtually every committee at the [[Peel Regional Municipality, Ontario|Peel Region]] and the city of Mississauga. She has also served on the executive of many federal and provincial committees and associations.

She is one of Canada's best known and longest serving mayors. At the age of 82, she was easily re-elected in November [[2003]] for her 10th consecutive term. Under her guidance Mississauga has grown in a controlled, focused and judicious manner. She is credited for creating a city, not just a suburb, by ensuring a growth pattern that includes corporate, industrial, commercial, recreational and residential developments. She is a fiscally responsible administrator who is [[pragmatic]] and realistic, with few set [[ideological]] pretensions. Mississauga is one of the few cities in [[Canada]] that is debt-free, and it has not had to borrow money since [[1978]]. Her forthright manner and no nonsense style is endearing to constituents and exasperating to political foes.

==See also==
*[[2003 Ontario municipal elections]]

==External link==
*[http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/cityhall/mayorsoffice Mayor's Office]
*[http://www1.cata.ca/townhall/mayors/hmccallion.cfm Article on Mayor Hazel McCallion]

[[Category:1921 births|MacCallion, Hazel]]
[[Category:Canadian mayors|MacCallion, Hazel]]
[[Category:People from Quebec|MacCallion, Hazel]]

XY (Magazin)

2005-06-12T14:11:28Z

SD6-Agent: de-linking unrelated article

A [[gay]] youth-oriented magazine published in the [[United States|United States of America]].

Based in West Hollywood, California, it publishes roughly four editions a year. However, the magazine is notorious for its erratic and sometimes late publications of editions. This lack of structure, though, is almost part of the magazine's appeal. It is rather focused on pictures and submissions by readers.

Since it launched in [[1996]], there have been 43 editions published. The editor is [[Peter Ian Cummings]].

As well as regular issues, the magazine has published a series of specials:
*Two editions of the "Survival Guide” were more serious than usual editions with articles on everything from coming out to age of consent [[laws]].
*"The Best of XY" contained the best of the magazines articles
*"XY The Photos" contained the best photos from the magazine.

"XY is a glossy, color magazine, published bi-monthly, and known best for its original photography, brazenly honest commentary on politics and culture, review of film, music and literature, reader contributions, advice on surviving young and gay, and a rather dark sense of humor."

==XY Foto==

A bimonthly sister magazine XY Foto was launched in autumn 2003 containing only photographs. This magazine is printed on matte paper, and is 'anti-porn'. So far four editions have been published-

*XY Foto 1- San Diego Boys (photographs by Sean Bentz)
*XY Foto 2- Hollywood (photographs by Sean Bentz)
*XY Foto 3- Southwest (photographs by Steven Underhill)
*XY Foto 4- New York (photographs by Adam Raphael)

==External link==
*[http://www.xy.com XY magazine]

[[Category:LGBT media]]

Environment and Climate Change Canada

2005-03-29T08:59:16Z

SD6-Agent: corrected link to Meteorological Service of Canada

The '''Department of the Environment''', also referred to as '''Environment Canada''', is the [[department]] of the government of [[Canada]] with responsibility for coordinating environmental policies and programs as well as preserving and enhancing the natural environment and conservation of wildlife. Environment Canada is the lead department within the federal government when it comes to cleaning up hazardous waste and [[oil spill]]s. The department is also responsible for [[meteorology]].

The department has several organizations which carry out specific tasks:

* [[Meteorological Service of Canada]] (for [[weather forecasting]])
* [[Canadian Wildlife Service]]

The current Minister of Environment is Hon. [[Stéphane Dion]].

==External links==

*[http://www.ec.gc.ca Environment Canada]
*[http://www.weather.ec.gc.ca Meteorological Service of Canada]

{{Template:Government Departments of Canada}}

{{Canada-gov-stub}}
[[Category:Canadian federal departments and agencies]]

Environment and Climate Change Canada

2005-03-29T08:56:58Z

SD6-Agent:

The '''Department of the Environment''', also referred to as '''Environment Canada''', is the [[department]] of the government of [[Canada]] with responsibility for coordinating environmental policies and programs as well as preserving and enhancing the natural environment and conservation of wildlife. Environment Canada is the lead department within the federal government when it comes to cleaning up hazardous waste and [[oil spill]]s. The department is also responsible for [[meteorology]].

The department has several organizations which carry out specific tasks:

* [[Canadian Meteorological Service]] (for [[weather forecasting]])
* [[Canadian Wildlife Service]]

The current Minister of Environment is Hon. [[Stéphane Dion]].

==External links==

*[http://www.ec.gc.ca Environment Canada]
*[http://www.weather.ec.gc.ca Meteorological Service of Canada]

{{Template:Government Departments of Canada}}

{{Canada-gov-stub}}
[[Category:Canadian federal departments and agencies]]

Transportation Safety Board of Canada

2005-03-18T21:17:25Z

SD6-Agent: stubbed

The '''Transportation Safety Board of Canada''' (formerly: '''Canadian Aviation Safety Board''') is the [[independent]] [[Canadian government]] [[government agency|agency]] responsible for transportation safety across Canada. The agency reports to the [[Parliament of Canada]] through the [[President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]]. The [[headquarters]] are located in [[Gatineau, Quebec]].

The Transportation Safety Board of Canada's mandate is as follows:

* conducting independent [[investigation]]s, including public inquiries when necessary, into selected transportation occurrences in order to make findings as to their causes and contributing factors;
* identifying [[safety]] deficiencies, as evidenced by transportation occurrences;
* making [[recommendation]]s designed to eliminate or reduce any such safety deficiencies; and
* [[reporting]] publicly on our investigations and on the findings in relation thereto.

'''External link'''

* [http://www.tsb.gc.ca/en/index.asp Transportation Safety Board of Canada]

{{canada-gov-stub}}

Transportation Safety Board of Canada

2005-03-18T21:15:19Z

SD6-Agent:

Donnie Dunagan

2005-03-09T21:56:13Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Donald''' ''Donnie'' '''Roan Dunagan''' (Born: [[August 16]], [[1934]] in [[San Antonio, Texas]], [[USA]]) is semi-[[retirement|retired]] American former [[child actor]] and [[United States Marine Corps]] [[drill instructor]]. He would be best known to anyone who has seen the ''[[Bambi]]'' film for contributing his [[voice acting]] as Young Bambi. The identity of the voice actor was unknown until [[March 2005]], when [[Disney]] re-released the movie to [[DVD]].

'''Filmography'''

* ''[[Bambi (1942 movie)|Bambi]]'' (1942) (voice) (uncredited) ... as Bambi (young)
* ''[[Meet the Chump]]'' (1941) (uncredited) ... as Little Boy
* ''[[Vigil in the Night]]'' (1940) (uncredited) ... as Tommy
* ''[[Tower of London (movie)|Tower of London]]'' (1939) ... as Baby Prince Richard
* ''[[The Forgotten Woman]]'' (1939) ... as Terry Kennedy Jr.
* ''[[Fixer Dugan]]'' (1939) (uncredited)
**... aka Double Daring (UK)
* ''[[Son of Frankenstein]]'' (1939) ... as Peter von Frankenstein
* ''[[Mother Carey's Chickens]]'' (1938) ... as Peter Carey
* ''[[The Son of Frankenstein]]'' (1966) ... as Peter Frankenstein (archived footage)

'''External links'''

* [http://www.filmstew.com/Content/Article.asp?ContentID=10920&Pg=1 FilmStew.com - Bambi breaks his silence]
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0241760/ Donnie Dunagan at imdb.com]

[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:American actors]]
[[Category:Child actors]]
[[Category:Voice actors]]

{{actor-stub}}

Charmin

2005-03-06T16:00:15Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Charmin''' (pronounced SHAR-min) is a [[brand name]] [[toilet paper]] owned by [[Proctor & Gamble]].

The Charmin name was first created in [[1928]] by the Hoberg Paper Company in [[Green Bay, Wisconsin]], [[USA]]. The toilet paper was described as [[charm]]ing, thus, the name still used today.

Advertisements featured [[Mr. Whipple]] who asked people to not "squeeze the Charmin!".

'''External link'''

* [http://www.charmin.com/chm_gateway.htm Charmin website]

{{stub}}

Communications Security Establishment Canada

2005-02-16T09:14:19Z

SD6-Agent: added some links

The '''Communications Security Establishment''' or '''CSE''' is an [[intelligence agency]] of the [[Canada|Canadian]] government, charged with the duty of keeping track of [[foreign]] [[signals intelligence]]. Part of the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]], CSE is forbidden, by law, to intercept domestic [[communications]]. When intercepting communications between a domestic and foreign source, the domestic communications are destroyed or otherwise ignored. CSE is bound by all Canadian Laws, including the [[Canadian Criminal Code|Criminal Code]], the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], and the [[Canadian Privacy Act|Privacy Act]].

CSE relies largely on partner agencies such as the [[NSA]] in the United States, and the equivelant agencies in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand to share the collection burden and dissemination of information.

CSE was established in [[1946]] as the Communications Branch of the [[National Research Council of Canada|National Research Council]], and was transferred to the Department of National Defence in [[1975]] by [[Order-in-Council]]. CSE is accountable to the [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]] through two Deputy Ministers, one of whom is responsible for Administration, the other Policy and Operations. The Minister of National Defence is in turn accountable to the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] and [[Parliament of Canada|Parliment]].

During the [[Cold War]], CSE was primarily responsible for providing SIGINT data to the Department of National Defence regarding the [[military operation]]s of the [[Soviet Union]]. Since then, CSE has diversified and now is the primary Sigint Resource in Canada. CSE provides technical advice, guidance and services to the Government of Canada to maintain the security of its information and information infrastructures.

== See also==
* [[ECHELON]]
* [[GCHQ]]
* [[NSA]]
* [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service|CSIS]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/ Communications Security Establishment - Official Website]

[[Category:Organizations in cryptography]]
[[Category:Canadian intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Canadian federal departments and agencies]]

Unterschwelliger Reiz

2005-02-06T21:23:48Z

SD6-Agent: /* Quotations */

A '''subliminal message''' is a [[signal]] or [[message]] designed to pass below (sub) the normal limits of [[perception]]. For example it might be inaudible to the [[conscious]] mind (but audible to the [[unconscious]] or deeper [[mind]]) or might be an image transmitted briefly and unperceived consciously and yet perceived unconsciously. This definition assumes a division between [[conscious]] and [[unconscious]] which may be misleading; it may be better to say that the subliminal message (sound or image) is perceived by deeper parts of what is a single integrated mind.

In the everyday world, many have claimed that subliminal techniques are used in [[advertising]] and for [[propaganda]] purposes but officially it is denied. In Russia, however, there have been reports of subliminals. For example, [[Pravda]] have had stories about the discovery of subliminal messages in advertising from the West.

==Origin of the Term==

The term ''subliminal message'' was popularized in a [[1957]] book entitled ''[[The Hidden Persuaders]]'' by [[Vance Packard]]. This book detailed a study of movie theaters that supposedly used subliminal commands to increase the sales of [[popcorn]] and [[Coca-Cola]] at their concession stands. However, [[James Vicary]] (the author of the study) later admitted the study was fabricated.

In [[1973]] [[Wilson Bryan Key]]'s book ''[[Subliminal Seduction]]'' claimed that subliminal techiques were in wide use in advertising. The book contributed to a general climate of fear with regard to [[Orwell]]ian dangers (of subliminal messaging). Public concern was enough to lead the [[Federal Communications Commission]] to hold hearings and to declare subliminal advertising "contrary to the public interest" because it involved "intentional deception" of the public.

==Validity==

In spite of the popular belief that subliminal messages are widely used to influence audiences, there is little evidence that the technique has ever been used on a mass audience (other than its occasional use by artists who use it to make an artistic statement). There is no evidence that subliminal messages have any effect at all on a viewer or listener, and the current consensus among marketing professionals is that subliminal advertising is ineffective and can be counter-productive. The theory underlying subliminal messages is often considered to be [[pseudoscience]]. However, the concept of subliminal messages is very popular among [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]], and most people in media-saturated areas (such as the [[United States]]) are familiar with the term.

A number of fringe elements in society have made occasional claims that subliminal messages can be found in various forms of popular entertainment. Popular claims of subliminal commands include the supposed use of "[[backward message]]s" in [[rock and roll]] songs. Conservative activist [[Donald Wildmon]] has claimed that [[The Walt Disney Company]] inserted the subliminal command "SEX" into the [[animation|animated]] film ''[[The Lion King]]'' (see that article for more information on this). Mainstream authorities have generally ignored these claims due to the dubious reputations of their authors.

==Discussion==

Subliminal perception or cognition, if it exists, can be considered a subset of unconscious [[cognition]] where the forms of unconscious cognition also include attending to one signal in a noisy environment while unconsciously keeping track of other signals (e.g one voice out of many in a crowded room) and tasks done automatically (e.g. driving a car).

An important question about subliminal perception is: How much of the unattended or unconscious signal or message is perceived? That is, is the whole message sensed and fully digested or perhaps only its main and simpler features? There are at least two schools of thought about this. One of them argues that only the simpler features of unconscious signals could be perceived. The second school of thought argues that unconscious cognition is comprehensive and that much more is perceived than can be verbalized.

Various types of studies of subliminal perception have been conducted. A related field is the question of whether [[Anesthesia|anaesthetized]] patients are completely unaware whilst apparently completely asleep/unconscious.

Proponents of the power of subliminal messages claim they gain influence or power from the fact that they circumvent the critical functions of the conscious mind, and therefore subliminal suggestions are potentially more powerful than ordinary suggestions. This route to influence or persuasion would be akin to [[auto-suggestion]] or [[hypnosis]] wherein the subject is encouraged to be (or somehow induced to be) relaxed so that suggestions are directed to deeper (more gullible) parts of the mind; some observers have argued that the unconscious mind is incapable of critical refusal of hypnotic or subliminal suggestions.

However, research findings do not support the conclusion that subliminal suggestions are peculiarly powerful, or even have any effect at all.

===Subliminal Messages in Advertising===

A form of subliminal messaging commonly believed to exist involves the insertion of "hidden" messages into [[film|movie]]s and [[Television|TV]] programs. The concept of "moving pictures" relies on [[persistence of vision]] to create the illusion of movement in a series of images projected at 23 to 50 frames per second; the popular theory of subliminal messages usually suggests that subliminal commands can be inserted into this sequence at the rate of perhaps 1 frame in 25 (or roughly 1 frame per second, with a duration of about 1/25 of 1 second). The hidden command in a single frame will flash across the screen so quickly that it is not consciously perceived, but the command will supposedly appeal to the subconscious mind of the viewer, and thus have some measurable effect in terms of behavior.

Another "subliminal" message technique is supposedly to embed into a printed advertisement certain messages or symbols which are subtle and perceived only by the unconscious mind, either to communicate a message or to increase the attention paid to the printed ad. This technique, as with subliminal TV advertising, is not generally regarded as effective.

As to the question of whether subliminal messages are widely used to influence groups of people e.g. audiences, there is no evidence to suggest that any serious or sustained attempt has been made to use the technology on a mass audience. The widespread reports that arose in [[1957]] to the effect that customers in a movie theatre in New Jersey had been induced by subliminal messages to consume more popcorn and more [[Coca-Cola]] were almost certainly false. The current consensus among marketing professionals is that subliminal advertising is counter-productive. To some this is because they believe it to be ineffective, but to most it is because they realise it would be a public relations disaster if its use was discovered. Many have misgivings about using it in marketing campaigns due to ethical considerations.

During the [[2000 U.S. presidential campaign]], a [[television]] ad [[campaign]]ing for [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[candidate]] [[George W. Bush]] showed words (and parts thereof) scaling from the foreground to the background on a television screen. When the word <tt>BUREAUCRATS</tt> flashed on the screen, one frame showed only the last part, <tt>RATS</tt>. [[United States Democratic Party|Democrats]] promptly asked the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] to look into the matter, but no penalties were ever assessed in the case. The effect this had on the overall presidential race was unclear; the [[United States Democratic Party|Democrats]] and [[Al Gore]] received ridicule for finding malicious intent in something that could have been a simple mistake; the [[United States Republican Party|Republicans]] received ridicule for the lack of attention to detail and Bush's mispronunciation of "subliminal" (it came out as "subliminable"). (It bears mentioning that the "subliminal message" is easily viewable when the ad is played at regular speed. If the message were truly subliminal, that would not be the case.)

== See also ==

*[[advertising]]
*[[marketing]]
*[[promotion]]
*[[backmasking]]

== Quotations ==
* "Over the years there have been literally hundreds of studies"..."these studies show that considerable information capable of informing decisions and guiding actions is perceived even when observers do not experience any awareness of perceiving". Philip Merikle, Department of Psychology, [[University of Waterloo]].

==External links==
*[http://www.snopes2.com/business/hidden/popcorn.htm Urban Legends: Subliminal Advertising]
*[http://www.parascope.com/articles/0497/sublimdc.htm 1984 testimony about subliminal messages to the Federal Communications commission]
*[http://www.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/13/bush.ad/ CNN article on 2000 presidential campaign "rats" TV ad]
*[http://www.csicop.org/si/9611/judas_priest.html/ Scientific Consensus and Expert Testimony: Lessons from the Judas Priest Trial]
*[http://www3.telus.net/jefmil/stairwaybackwards.htm Subliminal messages in music]

==References==
* Subliminal Perception: The nature of a controversy, N.F.Dixon, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971.
* Psychological Investigations of Unconscious Perception, [[Journal of Consciousness Studies]], P.M Merikle and M. Daneman, 1998.
* New Look 3: Unconscious Cognition Reclaimed, American Psychologist, 47, Anthony W. Greenwald, 1992.
* Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 1-23.
[[es:Mensaje subliminal]]
[[he:מסר תת סיפי]]
[[fi:Subliminaalinen]]
[[sv:Subliminal perception]]

[[Category:Perception]]
[[Category:Popular psychology]]
[[Category:Advertising]]
[[category:Promotion and marketing communications]]
[[Category:Marketing]]
[[category:Business]]

PC Magazine

2005-02-04T23:07:54Z

SD6-Agent:

'''PC Magazine''' is a [[computer magazine]] published [[bi-monthly]] both in [[print]] and [[online]]. The magazine is [[publisher|published]] by [[Ziff-Davis]] Publishing Holdings Inc. The first edition was released in [[January 1982]].

PC Magazine provides indepth [[review]]s and [[preview]]s of the latest [[hardware]] and [[software]] for the [[information technology]] professional. Articles are written by leading experts such as [[John C. Dvorak]].

The online edition began in late [[1994]].

'''External link:'''

* [http://www.pcmag.com/ PC Magazine online]
* [http://www.publishingbiz.com/html/article_pc_mag_startup.html How We Started PC Magazine article with comprehensive early history]

[[Category:Computer magazines]]

{{stub}}

Len (Band)

2005-01-24T04:32:08Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Len''' was a [[Canadian]] [[rock music]] group famous as a [[one-hit wonder]] for their song '''Steal My Sunshine''' in [[1999]].

The group formed in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] in [[1991]] by siblings [[Marc Costanzo|Marc "The Burger Pimp" Costanzo]] with his sister [[Sharon Costanzo]]. As a duo they recorded two albums. They eventually added two other members, [[D Rock]], [[DJ Moves]] and [[Planet Pea]]. Their expansion changed the sound of their music from [[punk music]]/[[pop music]] to a more [[hip-hop]] sound. They released ''[[You Can't Stop the Bum Rush]]'' in 1999, which was part of the ''[[Go (1999 movie)|Go]]'' [[soundtrack]], featuring the hit song '''Steal My Sunshine''', which featured the raspy voiced Marc complimented by the sweet sounding voice of Sharon, backed by a catchy beat.

{{music-stub}}

[[Category:Canadian musicians|Len]]

Sleep Paralysis

2005-01-10T20:50:00Z

SD6-Agent: /* Awareness during sleep paralysis */

'''Sleep paralysis''' is a term either used to describe the normal [[paralysis]] of the body that occurs during [[REM sleep]], or the disorder in which awareness is maintained when the body becomes paralysed when entering sleep (known as [[hypnogogia|hypnogogic]] paralysis) or remains inappropriately paralysed when awakening (known as [[hypnopompia|hypnopompic]] paralysis). To differentiate normal sleep paralysis and the disorder, the term for the sleep disorder is often referred to as '''awareness during sleep paralysis'''.

==Normal sleep paralysis==
Normal sleep paralysis is thought to be due to mechanisms in the [[brain stem]], particularly the reticular, vestibular, and oculomotor neurons, which prevent bodily movements, block sensory input and provide the [[forebrain]] with the internally generated activity that characterises brain activity during REM sleep. This is thought to be necessary to prevent the body from movements caused by dreams. Eyes however are not paralyzed by this system, and this exception was used to prove that [[lucid dreaming]] was an objectively verifiable phenomenon.

==Awareness during sleep paralysis==
[[Image:Fuseli_nightmare.jpg|thumb|280px|''[[The Nightmare]]'', by [[Henry Fuseli]] ([[1781]]) is thought to be one of the classic depictions of awareness during sleep paralysis perceived as a [[demon]]ic visitation.]]

The disorder known as "sleep paralysis" occurs when the brain is awakened from a REM state into essentially a normal fully awake state, but with the bodily paralysis still occurring. This causes the person to be fully aware, but unable to move. In addition, this state is usually accompanied by certain specific kinds of hallucinations. This state usually lasts no more than two minutes before a person is able to either return to full REM sleep or to become fully awake, though the sense of how much time has gone by is often distorted during sleep paralysis.

===Accompanying hallucinations===
Many report [[hallucinations]] during these episodes. The features of these hallucinations generally vary by individual, but some are more common to the experience than others:

'''Most common'''
* Vividness
* Fear
'''Common'''
* Sensing a "presence" (often [[malevolence|malevolent]])
* Pressure/weight on body (especially the chest)
*Impending sense of doom/death
'''Fairly common'''
* Auditory hallucinations (often footsteps or indistinct voices, or pulsing noises)
* Visual hallucinations such as people or shadows walking around the room.
'''Less common'''
* Floating sensation (sometimes associated with [[out-of-body experiences]])
*"feet grabbing" a feeling that ones feet are being pulled repeatedlly by a malelovent force or person at the end of a bed
'''Rare'''
* Falling sensation
* Vibration

===Possible causes===
Little is known about the physiology of awareness during sleep paralysis. However, some have suggested that it may be linked to post [[synapse|synaptic]] inhibition of [[motor neuron]]s in the [[pons]] region of the [[brain]]. In particular, low levels of [[melatonin]] may stop the depolarisation current in the nerves, which prevents the stimulation of the muscles.

There is also a significant positive correlation between those experiencing this disorder frequently and those suffering from [[narcolepsy]]. However, various studies suggest that many or most people will experience sleep paralysis at least once or twice in their lives.

Some report that various factors increase the likelihood of both paralysis and hallucinations. These include:
* Sleeping in a [[supine]] position
* Irregular sleeping schedules; naps, sleeping in
* Increased stress
* Sudden environmental/lifestyle changes

===Cultural references===
In [[Japan]], awareness during sleep paralysis is referred to as ''kanashibari'' (literally: "drawing out sadness"); in [[Canada]], as a visit from the "old hag"; in [[Mexico]], as ''subida del muerto'' (the dead getting on top); in [[Turkish]], as ''karabasan'' (black buster).

In [[medieval]] times of [[Europe]], attacks of sufferers of sleep paralysis may have given rise to the belief in [[incubus (demon)|incubi]], [[succubus|succubi]], other [[demon]]s and [[witchcraft]].

In traditional [[Russia]]n belief symptoms reminiscent of sleep paralysis were attributed to the anger of ''[[domovoi]]'', the home spirit, punishing people for bad husbandship or betrayal.

The combination of paralysis and hallucinations has led some to speculate that sleep paralysis might be a cause of some [[alien abduction]] reports, out-of-body experiences and other [[paranormal]] experiences.

==See also==
* [[REM sleep]]
* [[sleep]]

==External links==
* Al Cheyne's [http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/S_P.html Sleep Paralysis page]
* [http://www.castleofspirits.com/sleep.html The Evils of Sleep Paralysis] with suggestions on how to escape the condition
*[http://www.csicop.org/si/9805/abduction.html Susan Blackmore on sleep paralysis]
* [http://www.skepdic.com/sleepparalysis.html The Skeptic's Dictionary entry on Sleep Paralysis]
* [http://www.here-be-dreams.com/sleep/paralysis.html Sleep paralysis] at Here Be Dreams
* [http://www.stanford.edu/~dement/paralysis.html Sleep information and links] from Stanford University
* [http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/S_P.html Sleep Paralysis and Associated Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Experiences] from Waterloo University
* [http://members2.boardhost.com/lucidityboard/msg/4456.html An explanation of the physical process of sleep paralysis]
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[fr:Paralysie du sommeil]]

Liste der kanadischen Regionen

2004-11-04T05:58:20Z

SD6-Agent: /* Ontario */

This is a list of regions of [[Canada]] that are not [[Provinces of Canada|provinces]] or counties.

From west to east, Canadian provinces are normally grouped into the following regions. (* flags regional rather than provincial names).

:[[Western Canada]]*
::[[British Columbia]]
::[[Canadian prairies|Prairie Provinces]]*
:::[[Alberta]]
:::[[Saskatchewan]]
:::[[Manitoba]]
:[[Central Canada]]*
::[[Ontario]]
::[[Quebec]]
:[[Atlantic Canada]]*
::[[Newfoundland and Labrador]]
::[[Canadian Maritimes]]*
:::[[Prince Edward Island]]
:::[[New Brunswick]]
:::[[Nova Scotia]]

[[Canadian Arctic]] or Northern Canada are collective names for the three northern [[Territories of Canada|territories]] - [[Yukon]], [[Northwest Territories]], and [[Nunavut]].

Other regions are:

*[[French Canada]]
*[[Pacific Canada]]
*[[Acadia]]
*[[Quebec-Windsor Corridor]]

By province:
==Alberta==
*[[Alberta's Heartland]]
*[[Northern Alberta]]
*[[Alberta's Rockies]]
*[[Southern Alberta]]
*[[Greater Calgary Area]]
*[[Greater Edmonton Area]]
*[[Cypress Hills]]

==British Columbia==
*[[British Columbia Interior]]
*[[Lower Mainland]]
*[[Vancouver Island]]
*[[Northern British Columbia]]
*[[Kootenay]]
*[[British Columbian Rockies]]
*[[Central British Columbia]]
*[[Fraser Valley]]
*[[Greater Vancouver Area]]
*[[Gulf Islands]]
*[[Sunshine Coast]]
*[[Okanagan]]
*[[Thompson (British Columbia)|Thompson]]
*[[Whistler & Area]]
*[[Bowen Island]]
*[[Pender Island]]
*[[Queen Charlotte Islands]]

==Manitoba==
*[[Northern Manitoba]]
*[[Interlake]]
*[[Central Plains]]
*[[Eastern Manitoba]]
*[[Western Manitoba]]
*[[Greater Winnipeg Area]]

==New Brunswick==
*[[Acadian Peninsula]]
*[[North shore (New Brunswick)|North shore]]
*[[Gulf shore (New Brunswick)|Gulf shore]]
*[[Fudy shore (New Brunswick)|Fundy shore]]
*[[Fundy Isles]]
*[[Madawaska County, New Brunswick|Madawaska]]
*[[Miramichi River|Miramichi valley]]
*[[St. John River|St. John valley]]
*[[Tantramar Marshes|Tantramar]]
*[[Moncton, New Brunswick|Greater Moncton]]
*[[Saint John, New Brunswick|Greater Saint John]]
*[[Fredericton, New Brunswick|Greater Fredericton]]

==Newfoundland and Labrador==
*[[Labrador]]
**[[Labrador West, Newfoundland and Labrador|Labrador West]]
**[[Labrador Coast]]
*[[Avalon Peninsula]]
*[[Burin Peninsula]]
*[[Bonavista Peninsula]]
*[[Great Northern Peninsula]]
*[[South Coast (Newfoundland)|South Coast]]
*[[West Coast (Newfoundland)|West Coast]]
*[[Northeast Coast (Newfoundland)|Northeast Coast]]
*[[Port au Port Peninsula]]
*[[Fogo Island]]

==Northwest Territories==
*[[Mackenzie River Delta]]
*[[Mackenzie River Valley]]

==Nova Scotia==
*[[Cape Breton Island]]
*[[Industrial Cape Breton]]
*[[Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia|Cape Breton Regional Municipality]] (CBRM)
*[[Sable Island]]
*[[South shore (Nova Scotia)|South shore]]
*[[Eastern shore (Nova Scotia)|Eastern shore]]
*[[North shore (Nova Scotia)|North shore]]
*[[Annapolis Valley]]
*[[Halifax Regional Municipality]] (HRM)

==Nunavut==
*''Official regions''
**[[Baffin Region, Nunavut|Baffin]]
**[[Kivalliq Region, Nunavut|Keewatin]]
**[[Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut|Kitikmeot]]

==Ontario==
*[[Bluewater, Ontario|Bluewater]]
*[[Bruce Peninsula]]
*[[Central Ontario]]
*[[Eastern Ontario]]
*[[Georgian Triangle]]
*[[Golden Horseshoe]]
*[[Greater Toronto Area]]
*[[Kawartha Lakes]]
*[[Muskoka]]
*[[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]]
*[[Niagara Peninsula]]
*[[Nickel Belt]]
*[[Northern Ontario]]
**[[Northeastern Ontario]]
**[[Northwestern Ontario]]
*[[Ottawa Valley]]
*[[Pelee Island]]
*[[Thousand Islands]]
*[[Western Ontario]]

==Prince Edward Island==
*[[North shore (Prince Edward Island)|North shore]]
*[[South shore (Prince Edward Island)|South shore]]
*[[Prince County, Prince Edward Island|West Prince]]
*[[Prince County, Prince Edward Island|East Prince/Summerside area]]
*[[Queens County, Prince Edward Island|Queens]]
*[[Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island|Charlottetown area]]
*[[Kings County, Prince Edward Island|Kings]]

==Quebec==
''see [[list of Quebec regions]] for an official list of Quebec's regions''
*[[Eastern Townships]]
*[[Montérégie]]
*[[Laurentian Mountains]]
*[[Greater Montreal Area]]
*[[Nord-du-Quebec|Northern Quebec]]
*[[Ouatouais]]
*[[Greater Quebec City Area]]
*[[Saguenay]]
*[[Sud-de-Saint-Laurent]]
*[[Eastern Quebec]]
*[[Gaspésie]]
*[[Côte-Nord]]
*[[Île Jésus]]
*[[Island of Montreal]]
*[[Île Perrot]]
*[[Île d'Orléans]]
*[[Île-Bizard, Quebec]]
*[[Anticosti Island]]
*[[Magdalen Islands]]

==Saskatchewan==
*[[East Central Saskatchewan]]
*[[Northern Saskatchewan]]
*[[Greater Regina Area]]
*[[Greater Saskatoon Area]]
*[[Southeastern Saskatchewan]]
*[[Southwestern Saskatchewan]]
*[[West Central Saskatchewan]]
*[[Cypress Hills]]

==Yukon==
*[[Klondike]]
----
See also: [[List of regions of the United States]], [[Lists of unofficial regions by country]]

{{listdev}}

[[Category:Canadian geography|Regions of Canada, List of]]

Environment and Climate Change Canada

2004-10-16T10:45:10Z

SD6-Agent: Added some links

'''Environment Canada''' is [[Canada]]'s federal [[environment]]al [[government agency]]. It is also responsible for [[weather forecasting]].

*[http://www.ec.gc.ca Environment Canada]
*[http://www.weather.ec.gc.ca Meteorological Service of Canada] [[Meteorological Service of Canada]]

{{substub}}

[[Category:Canada]]

Mary Rose Oakar

2004-09-08T07:20:25Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Mary Rose Oakar''' (b. [[March 5]], [[1940]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] [[politician]] and former member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]].

Oakar, who graduated with a B.A. from [[Ursuline College]] in [[1962]] and an M.A. from [[John Carroll University]] in [[1966]], taught at [[Cuyahoga Community College]] from [[1968]]-[[1975]] and served on the City Council of [[Cleveland, Ohio]] from [[1973]]-[[1976]] before winning election to the House from the 20th District of Ohio in Cleveland's West Side and the surrounding suburbs. She took office in [[1977]].

Oakar, one of only a handful of [[Arab-American]] members of the House, became regarded as an increasingly powerful member of the House, but her career was increasingly surrounded by scandal over time. In [[1991]], it became clear that she had bounced numerous checks at the House Bank. Though nearly half the members of Congress had done bounced a check, she had bounced over 200 checks, more than all but a few members. The 20th District was eliminated due to redistricting and Oakar ran in the overlapping - but more [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] - 10th District. Oakar withstood a challenge from [[Tim Hagan]] in the Democratic primary - Hagan had been endorsed by Cleveland Mayor [[Mike White]] but lost to [[Martin Hoke]] in the general election.

Oakar was charged in [[1993]] with making false financial disclosures in a case related to the check-bouncing scandal. The case dragged on for years, and she finally pled guilty to violating campaign finance laws. She did, however, win a [[1999]] settlement against the [[Cleveland Plain Dealer|The Plain Dealer]] for libel.

Though often mentioned as a possible candidate for Mayor of Cleveland - in no small part due to her rivalry with White - Oakar was deterred by her continuing legal difficulties. She did serve a single term in the [[Ohio House of Representatives]] from [[2000]]-[[2002]].

ABC Signature

2004-08-30T22:50:59Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Touchstone Television''' is an [[United States|American]] [[television show]] [[production]] [[company]].

The TV shows currently produced by Touchstone are:

* [[8 Simple Rules for Dating My Teenage Daughter|8 Simple Rules]]
* [[According to Jim]]
* [[Alias (television)|Alias]]
* [[Desperate Housewives]]
* [[Grey's Anatomy]]
* [[Hope and Faith]]
* [[Kevin Hill]]
* [[Less Than Perfect]]
* [[Life As We Know It]]
* [[Lost (2004 television series)|Lost]]
* [[My Wife and Kids]]
* [[Rodney]]
* [[Scrubs]]

{{msg:stub}}

Bad Robot Productions

2004-08-23T03:41:13Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Bad Robot Production''' is a [[production]] [[company]] owned by [[JJ Abrams]]. It is responsible for the productions of the [[2001]] [[film]] ''[[Joyride (2001 film)|Joyride]]'' and for the [[television series]] ''[[Alias (television)|Alias]]'' and ''[[Lost (2004 television series)|Lost]]''.

Daniel C. Roper

2004-08-22T20:47:55Z

SD6-Agent:

[[Image:Daniel Calhoun Roper pers0178.jpg|thumb|right|Daniel Calhoun Roper]]

'''Daniel Calhoun Roper''' ([[April 1]] [[1867]] – [[1943]]) was a [[United States of America|U.S.]] [[administrator]]. He served as the [[Secretary of Commerce]] between [[1933]] and [[1938]] and as [[List of United States ambassadors to Canada|Ambassador to Canada]] in [[1939]].

{{stub}}

{| border="1" align="center"
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Preceded by''': [[Roy Dikeman Chapin|Roy D. Chapin]]
| width="40%" align="center"| [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]]
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Succeeded by''': [[Harry Lloyd Hopkins|Harry L. Hopkins]]
|}

{| border="1" align="center"
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Preceded by''': [[Norman Armour]]
| width="40%" align="center"| [[List of United States ambassadors to Canada|Ambassadors to Canada]]
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Succeeded by''': [[James H.R. Cromwell]]
|}

Daniel C. Roper

2004-08-22T20:41:35Z

SD6-Agent:

[[Image:Daniel Calhoun Roper pers0178.jpg|thumb|right|Daniel Calhoun Roper]]

'''Daniel Calhoun Roper''' ([[April 1]] [[1867]] – [[1943]]) was a [[United States of America|U.S.]] [[administrator]]. He served as the [[Secretary of Commerce]] between [[1933]] and [[1938]] and as [[List of Ambassadors to Canada|Ambassador to Canada]] in [[1939]].

{{stub}}

{| border="1" align="center"
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Preceded by''': [[Roy Dikeman Chapin|Roy D. Chapin]]
| width="40%" align="center"| [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]]
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Succeeded by''': [[Harry Lloyd Hopkins|Harry L. Hopkins]]
|}

{| border="1" align="center"
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Preceded by''': [[Norman Armour]]
| width="40%" align="center"| [[List of Ambassadors to Canada|Ambassador to Canada]]
| width="30%" align="center"| '''Succeeded by''': [[James H.R. Cromwell]]
|}

Levi Coffin

2004-06-21T18:59:37Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Levi Coffin''' (Born: [[October 28]], [[1798]] in [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], [[USA]]-[[September 16]], [[1877]] in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], USA) was an [[United States|American]] [[educator]] and [[abolitionist]].
In [[1821]], he wanted to start a school for slaves, however, their owners refused to allow them to attend. In [[1826]], he moved to [[Newport, Indiana]], where he helped thousands of slaves escape to [[Canada]]. In [[1847]], he moved to Cincinnati where he opened a [[store]] which sold [[goods]] made by freed slaves. He also visited [[England]] to raise funds and in [[1867]] he was a [[delegation|delegate]] to the [[International Anti-Slavery Conference]] in [[Paris]].

{{msg:stub}}

Wasaga Beach

2004-05-09T22:09:51Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Wasaga Beach''' is a [[town]] in the [[Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]]. It is located in the [[census division]] of [[Simcoe County, Ontario|Simcoe County]].

<TABLE BORDER=1 WIDTH="var" HEIGHT="1" CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1>
<TR>
<TD>Characteristics</td>
<TD>Wasaga Beach</td>
<TD>Ontario</td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Population in 2001</td>
<TD>12 419</td>
<TD>11 410 046</td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Population in 1996</td>
<TD>8 698</td>
<TD>10 753 573</td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>1996 to 2001 population change (%)</td>
<TD>42.8</td>
<TD>6.1 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Total private dwellings</td>
<TD>10 301</td>
<TD>4 556 240 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Population density per square kilometre)</td>
<TD>212.5</td>
<TD>12.6 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Land area (square km)</td>
<TD>58.45</td>
<TD>907 655.5 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age Characteristics of the population</td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Wasaga Beach</td>
<TD>Total</td>
<TD>Male</td>
<TD>Female</td>
<TD>Ontario Total</td>
<TD>Male</td>
<TD>Female</td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD> </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Total - All persons</td>
<TD>12 415</td>
<TD>6 245</td>
<TD>6 175</td>
<TD>11 410 050</td>
<TD>5 577 055</td>
<TD>5 832 990 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 0-4</td>
<TD>585</td>
<TD>305</td>
<TD>280</td>
<TD>671 250</td>
<TD>343 340</td>
<TD>327 905 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 5-14</td>
<TD>455</td>
<TD>785</td>
<TD>670</td>
<TD>1 561 500</td>
<TD>801 355</td>
<TD>760 145 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 15-19</td>
<TD>620</td>
<TD>340</td>
<TD>280</td>
<TD>769 420</td>
<TD>394 915</td>
<TD>374 500 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 20-24</td>
<TD>450</td>
<TD>225</td>
<TD>225</td>
<TD>718 420</td>
<TD>359 645</td>
<TD>358 775 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 25-44</td>
<TD>3 000</td>
<TD>1 505</td>
<TD>1 495</td>
<TD>3 518 010</td>
<TD>1 724 535</td>
<TD>1 793 480 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 45-54</td>
<TD>1 630</td>
<TD>800</td>
<TD>830</td>
<TD>1 635 280</td>
<TD>801 540</td>
<TD>833 740 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 55-64</td>
<TD>1 930</td>
<TD>900</td>
<TD>1 030</td>
<TD>1 064 000</td>
<TD>520 565</td>
<TD>543 430 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 65-74</td>
<TD>1 910</td>
<TD>995</td>
<TD>915</td>
<TD>818 165</td>
<TD>383 625</td>
<TD>434 545 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 75-84</td>
<TD>710</td>
<TD>350</td>
<TD>365</td>
<TD>503 930</td>
<TD>202 265</td>
<TD>301 665 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Age 85 and over</td>
<TD>130</td>
<TD>45</td>
<TD>85</td>
<TD>150 075</td>
<TD>45 260</td>
<TD>104 810 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Median age of the population</td>
<TD>45.7</td>
<TD>44.5</td>
<TD>46.9</td>
<TD>37.2</td>
<TD>36.4</td>
<TD>38.0 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Percentage of the population ages 15 and over</td>
<TD>83.6</td>
<TD>82.5</td>
<TD>84.7</td>
<TD>80.4</td>
<TD>79.5</td>
<TD>81.3 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Common-law Status </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Total - Population 15 years and over</td>
<TD>10 380</td>
<TD>5 155</td>
<TD>5 225</td>
<TD>9 177 300</td>
<TD>4 432 360</td>
<TD>4 744 935 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Not in a common-law relationship</td>
<TD>9 445</td>
<TD>4 685</td>
<TD>4 760</td>
<TD>8 592 795</td>
<TD>4 138 645</td>
<TD>4 454 140 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>In a common-law relationship</td>
<TD>935</td>
<TD>470</td>
<TD>465</td>
<TD>584 505</td>
<TD>293 715</td>
<TD>290 790 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Legal Marital Status </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Total - Population 15 years and over</td>
<TD>10 380</td>
<TD>5 155</td>
<TD>5 225</td>
<TD>9 177 300</td>
<TD>4 432 365</td>
<TD>4 744 935 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Single</td>
<TD>2 120</td>
<TD>1 225</td>
<TD>900</td>
<TD>2 793 080</td>
<TD>1 490 270</td>
<TD>1 302 805 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Married</td>
<TD>6 355</td>
<TD>3 180</td>
<TD>3 175</td>
<TD>4 897 095</td>
<TD>2 450 975</td>
<TD>2 446 125 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Separated</td>
<TD>345</td>
<TD>170</td>
<TD>180</td>
<TD>311 380</td>
<TD>136 075</td>
<TD>175 305 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Divorced</td>
<TD>810</td>
<TD>395</td>
<TD>420</td>
<TD>597 595</td>
<TD>249 825</td>
<TD>347 770 </td>
</tr>
<TR>
<TD>Widowed</td>
<TD>745</td>
<TD>185</td>
<TD>560</td>
<TD>578 145</td>
<TD>105 215</td>
<TD>472 935 </td>
</tr>
</table>

Statistics according to [[2001]] [[census]] by [[Statistics Canada]].

'''Related Link:'''

* [[List of communities in Ontario]]

{{msg:stub}}

John Clarke (Geistlicher)

2004-05-05T22:04:17Z

SD6-Agent:

'''John Clarke''' ([[1609]]-[[1676]]) was a [[medical doctor]], [[Baptist]] [[minister]], co-founder of the colony of [[Rhode Island]], and a leading [[advocate]] of [[religious]] freedom in the [[Americas]].

''John Clarke'' was born at [[Westhorpe]], [[Suffolk]] County, [[England]] on [[October 8]], [[1609]], to Thomas and Rose (Kerrich) Clarke. He was one of eight children, six of whom came to America and settled in New England. He married Elizabeth ? . The source of Clarke's education in remains unknown (though some say the University of Leiden), but before arriving in America he had studied theology, languages, and medicine. He first emigrated to Masschusetts Bay in [[1637]]. Clarke and other settlers purchased land from the American Indians on the island of Aquidneck, and established Portsmouth in [[1638]]. In [[1639]] he helped found the city of Newport and the local church there.

In [[1651]], John Clarke, John Crandall and [[Obadiah Holmes]] were arrested and imprisoned in [[Lynn, Massachusetts]] for conducting an illegal worship service. This event (and others like it) served as the basis for Clarke's ''Ill Newes from New England, or a Narrative of New England's Persecutions'' (1652).

In [[1652]] Clarke traveled to [[London, England|London]] with [[Roger Williams]] to secure a new charter for the colony of Rhode Island. Williams returned to Rhode Island in [[1654]], but Clarke stayed in England until the charter was granted. On [[July 8]], [[1663]] [[Charles II of England]] granted John Clarke a [[Royal Charter]] to Rhode Island. That charter remained the foundation of government in Rhode Island until [[1842]].

Clarke and Williams labored together for the cause of religious liberty. Williams remains the more well-known of the two, but Clarke was more important to the history of Baptists in New England. Williams left the Baptists to become a seeker. During his years in Rhode Island, John Clarke was pastor of the church in Newport. He practiced medicine as a means of financial support. He also served on the General Assembly from 1664 to 1669, and three terms as deputy governor (1669-1672). Clarke died in Newport on [[April 20]], [[1676]]. His will set up a trust to be used "for the relief of the poor or bringing up of children unto learning from time to time forever." This trust is generally considered to be the oldest educational trust fund in the [[United States]].

==External links==
*[http://www.redwoodlibrary.org/notables/clarke.htm Newport Notables]
*[http://www.lvbaptist.org/cameos/bc-clark.html Pastor John Clarke, M. D.]

==References==
*''Dictionary of Baptists in America'', Bill J. Leonard, editor ISBN 0830814477
*''John Clarke and His Legacies: Religion and Law in Colonial Rhode Island, 1638-1750'', by Sydney V. James ISBN 0271018496
*''John Clarke (1609-1676): Pioneer in American Medicine, Democratic Ideals, and Champion of Religious Liberty'', by Louis Franklin Asher ISBN 0805940405
*''The Life of Dr. John Clarke'', by Wilbur Nelson

John Clarke (Geistlicher)

2004-05-05T22:03:01Z

SD6-Agent: Added some links

'''John Clarke''' ([[1609]]-[[1676]]) was a [[medical doctor]], [[Baptist]] [[minister]], co-[[found]]er of the colony of [[Rhode Island]], and a leading [[advocate]] of [[religious]] freedom in the [[Americas]].

''John Clarke'' was born at [[Westhorpe]], [[Suffolk]] County, [[England]] on [[October 8]], [[1609]], to Thomas and Rose (Kerrich) Clarke. He was one of eight children, six of whom came to America and settled in New England. He married Elizabeth ? . The source of Clarke's education in remains unknown (though some say the University of Leiden), but before arriving in America he had studied theology, languages, and medicine. He first emigrated to Masschusetts Bay in [[1637]]. Clarke and other settlers purchased land from the American Indians on the island of Aquidneck, and established Portsmouth in [[1638]]. In [[1639]] he helped found the city of Newport and the local church there.

In [[1651]], John Clarke, John Crandall and [[Obadiah Holmes]] were arrested and imprisoned in [[Lynn, Massachusetts]] for conducting an illegal worship service. This event (and others like it) served as the basis for Clarke's ''Ill Newes from New England, or a Narrative of New England's Persecutions'' (1652).

In [[1652]] Clarke traveled to [[London, England|London]] with [[Roger Williams]] to secure a new charter for the colony of Rhode Island. Williams returned to Rhode Island in [[1654]], but Clarke stayed in England until the charter was granted. On [[July 8]], [[1663]] [[Charles II of England]] granted John Clarke a [[Royal Charter]] to Rhode Island. That charter remained the foundation of government in Rhode Island until [[1842]].

Clarke and Williams labored together for the cause of religious liberty. Williams remains the more well-known of the two, but Clarke was more important to the history of Baptists in New England. Williams left the Baptists to become a seeker. During his years in Rhode Island, John Clarke was pastor of the church in Newport. He practiced medicine as a means of financial support. He also served on the General Assembly from 1664 to 1669, and three terms as deputy governor (1669-1672). Clarke died in Newport on [[April 20]], [[1676]]. His will set up a trust to be used "for the relief of the poor or bringing up of children unto learning from time to time forever." This trust is generally considered to be the oldest educational trust fund in the [[United States]].

==External links==
*[http://www.redwoodlibrary.org/notables/clarke.htm Newport Notables]
*[http://www.lvbaptist.org/cameos/bc-clark.html Pastor John Clarke, M. D.]

==References==
*''Dictionary of Baptists in America'', Bill J. Leonard, editor ISBN 0830814477
*''John Clarke and His Legacies: Religion and Law in Colonial Rhode Island, 1638-1750'', by Sydney V. James ISBN 0271018496
*''John Clarke (1609-1676): Pioneer in American Medicine, Democratic Ideals, and Champion of Religious Liberty'', by Louis Franklin Asher ISBN 0805940405
*''The Life of Dr. John Clarke'', by Wilbur Nelson

Baddesley Clinton

2004-04-11T00:32:21Z

SD6-Agent: Added some links

The [[moat]]ed [[manor]] of '''Baddesley Clinton''' just north of the historic town of [[Warwick]] in the [[England|English]] [[county]] of [[Warwickshire]] was probably established sometime in the [[13th century]]. Large areas of the Forest of Arden were cleared and eventually converted to farmland and included the building of this large fortified manor at this time.

[[Image:Baddesley.jpg]]

In [[1438]], [[John Brome]] the [[Under Treasurer]] of [[England]] bought the manor. It then passed to his son, and then to his son's daughter, who married Sir [[Edmond Ferrers]]. The house has remained with the Ferrers family right up until [[1940]] when the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty]] purchased it from the family.

Senat von Kanada

2004-03-30T20:13:49Z

SD6-Agent: upper house

The '''Senate of Canada''' is the [[upper house]] of the [[Parliament of Canada]]. The senate has 105 members who are appointed by the [[Governor General]] on advice from the [[Prime Minister]] and serve until the age of 75.

*24 from [[Ontario]];
*24 from [[Quebec]];
*24 are from the [[Canadian Maritimes|Maritime]] Provinces (10 from [[Nova Scotia]], 10 from [[New Brunswick]], 4 from [[Prince Edward Island]]);
*24 from the Western Provinces (6 each from [[Manitoba]], [[British Columbia]], [[Saskatchewan]] and [[Alberta]]);
*6 from [[Newfoundland and Labrador]];
*and one each from [[Northwest Territories]], the [[Yukon]], and [[Nunavut]].

This arrangement has had the effect that Ontario and the West, the fastest growing regions of Canada, are severely underrepresented relative to their population, while the Maritimes are substantially overrepresented.

There is a provision to add four or eight extra senators—one or two from each of Ontario, Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and the West to break a deadlock in the Senate. However, this has only been used once, in 1990, by former-Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]] to ensure the passage of a bill creating a national sales tax (the [[Goods and Services Tax (Canada)|Goods and Services Tax]] or GST).

The Senate sits in the Senate Chamber (also called the "Red Chamber") of the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings in [[Ottawa, Ontario]].

<div style="float:right; width: 400px; padding:12px; text-align:center">
[[Image:canada_senate_chairs.jpg]] '''The Throne of Canada''' ''Throne Chairs for [[Queen of Canada|The Queen of Canada]], the [[Duke of Edinburgh]], and the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] in the [[Canadian Senate]]. The front chair is used by the Speaker of the Senate.''</div>

==Function==

Under Canada's constitution, the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] alone can "summon qualified Persons to the Senate" in the name of the [[Queen of Canada]]. However, in reality, the [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] controls the appointments and the Governor General is bound by convention to appoint the Prime Minister's nominees. The Prime Minister's decision does not require the approval of anyone else and is not subject to review. Once appointed, senators hold office until age 75 unless they miss two consecutive sessions of Parliament. Until 1965, they held office for life.

The Senate can initiate any bills except bills providing for the expenditure of public money or imposing taxes. It can amend or reject any bill whatsoever and can reject any bill as often as it sees fit; no bill can become law unless it has been passed by the Senate.

In theory these powers are formidable, but for over a period of 40 years the Senate did not reject any bills passed by the [[Canadian House of Commons|House of Commons]] and very rarely insisted on an amendment that the House of Commons rejected. Then, in 1988, it refused to pass the "Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement", the forerunner and basis for the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]], until it had been submitted to the people in a general election. In 1989-1990, the Senate insisted on amendments to an unemployment insurance bill that the Commons rejected; the Senate eventually passed the bill as submitted by the Commons. In 1991, the Senate defeated a Commons bill respecting [[abortion]]. In some cases, the Senate has chosen not to give its approval to bills before the end of a session, thereby effectively stopping them from becoming law.

Most of the amendments that the Senate makes to bills passed by the Commons are for purposes of clarification or simplification and are almost always accepted by the House of Commons. The Senate's main work is done in its committees, where it goes over bills clause by clause and hears evidence, often voluminous, from groups and individuals who would be affected by the particular bill under review. This committee work is designed to be effective because the Senate is supposed to have many members with specialized knowledge and long years of legal, business or administrative experience. Their ranks include ex-cabinet [[minister]]s, ex-[[premier]]s of [[List of Canadian provinces and territories|provinces]], ex-mayors, eminent [[lawyer]]s, experienced farmers, and others.

In recent decades, the Senate has taken on a new job of investigating important public problems such as poverty, unemployment, inflation, the aged, land use, science policy, [[aboriginal]] affairs, relations with the [[United States]], and the efficiency (or lack thereof) of government departments. These investigations are designed to produce valuable reports that can lead to changes in legislation or government policy.

==Party standings in the Canadian Senate==
Last updated 05 Feb 2003

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</td></tr>

<tr height = 30><td align = center>


<table border = 1 cellpadding = 5 cellspacing = 5>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>'''[[British Columbia|BC]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Alberta|AB]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Saskatchewan|SK]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Manitoba|MB]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Ontario|ON]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Quebec|QC]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[New Brunswick|NB]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Nova Scotia|NS]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Prince Edward Island|PE]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Newfoundland and Labrador|NL]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Yukon|YT]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Northwest Territories|NT]] '''</td>
<td>'''[[Nunavut|NU]] '''</td>
<td></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align="right">'''[[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]]'''</td>
<td bgcolor = red>*</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>'''67'''</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align="right">'''[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]]'''</td>
<td bgcolor = blue>*</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>'''26'''</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align="right">'''[[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Caucus]]''' *</td>
<td bgcolor = navy>*</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>'''3'''</td></tr>

<tr>
<td align="right">'''Independent'''</td>
<td bgcolor = #C0C0C0>*</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>'''5'''</td></tr>

<tr>
<td align="right">'''Vacant'''</td>
<td bgcolor = white>*</td>
<td></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>'''4'''</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>'''6'''</td>
<td>'''6'''</td>
<td>'''6'''</td>
<td>'''6'''</td>
<td>'''24'''</td>
<td>'''24'''</td>
<td>'''10'''</td>
<td>'''10'''</td>
<td>'''4'''</td>
<td>'''6'''</td>
<td>'''1'''</td>
<td>'''1'''</td>
<td>'''1'''</td>
<td>'''105'''</td>
</tr>

</table>
</td></tr>
</table></center>
<nowiki>* note</nowiki>
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada no longer exists but Senators [[Lowell Murray]], [[Norman K. Atkins]] and [[William Doody]] refused to join the new [[Conservative Party of Canada]] and continue to sit as a ''Progressive Conservatives'' caucus despite the dissolution of the Progressive Conservative Party. This caucus has the same rights as any other party's caucus in the Senate and has [[official party status]].

===Appointment breakdown===

*53 senators were appointed by Prime Minister [[Jean Chrétien]] (Liberal, 1993-2003)
*29 senators were appointed by Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]] (Progressive Conservative, 1984-1993)
*14 senators were appointed by Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] (Liberal, 1968-1979, 1980-1984)
*2 senators were appointed by Prime Minister [[Joe Clark]] (Progressive Conservative, 1979-1980)
*1 senator was appointed by Prime Minister [[John Turner]] (Liberal, 1984)
*1 senator was appointed by Prime Minister [[Lester Pearson]] (Liberal, 1963-1968)

== Why the Senate was created ==

The Senate was created to be weaker than the [[Canadian House of Commons|House of Commons]] and in some respects to mirror the [[House of Lords]] of the [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom]].

The Senate was given two major functions in the constitution. First, it was to be the chamber of "sober second thought". Such a limit should prevent the elected House of Commons from turning Canada into a "mobocracy", as the Fathers of Confederation saw the [[United States]]. The Senate was thus given the power to overturn many types of legislation introduced by the Commons and also to delay any changes to the constitution, thus preventing the Commons from committing any rash actions. This ability quickly proved itself illusory as even the conservative Canadians of the nineteenth century saw the Senate as a sinecure for patronage without the electoral legitimacy of the Commons, a view which persists to this day.

As Canada became more liberal and democratic since Confederation, the idea of an appointed Senate that merely rubber-stamps bills approved by the House of Commons became unpalatable to Canadian sensibilities. On the rare occasion where the Senate rejects a bill passed by the Commons, the same argument is used to question its authority to act. It is to be noted that a long-serving prime minister establishes over time a strong favourable majority in the Senate that makes it easier for him to pass bills he supports and more difficult for his successors from other parties.

The second original function of the Senate was to provide regional representation. This is technically still the case, with representation in the Senate allotted on a provincial basis. Unfortunately, this regional representation is more consistent with 1867 demographics than with today's and cannot easily cope with recent demographic changes. The ability of senators to represent their regions is also muted by the appointive process where a prime minister can choose senators that will best reflect his centralizing views.

==Criticism==

Though it has many positive traits, the Canadian Senate is nevertheless one of the most unpopular political institutions in Canada. It is seen by many as blatantly undemocratic, grossly unequal, and largely useless. Since the prime minister gets to single-handedly appoint whomever he chooses, the Senate is often criticized as being little more than a "country club" for friends of the prime minister and a convenient venue for political [[patronage]]. The Senate is rarely a prominent player in Canadian politics, partially due to its well-founded reputation of "rubber-stamping" all bills passed by the House of Commons. In recent years polls have shown an overwhelming majority of Canadians are unable to name a single sitting senator.

The Senate tends to only exercise its power when the House of Commons is dominated by a rival party, such as the period during the infamous [[GST (Canada)|GST]] debate in the late-1980s to 1990s. At the time, the Senate was controlled by the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] and the House by the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservatives]]. The GST bill was very important to then-Prime Minister Mulroney and he was determined to prevent the Senate from rejecting his party's motion. Rather than face certain defeat, he quickly began a flurry of Senate appointments, filling all vacant seats with Progressive Conservative supporters and invoking a clause in the Constitution (Secton 26 of The Constitution Act, 1867) allowing him to increase the Senate's size and appoint eight more senators than normal. In a few short weeks, Mulroney was able to create a Progressive Conservative majority in the Senate and the GST bill was easily passed. This episode has since served as the most prominent example of the Senate's weak nature and its general subordination to the will of the prime minister.

==Senate reform and the "Triple-E" Senate==

Senate reform has been a topic raised numerous times in Canadian political debates. While some politicians favour the outright abolition of Canada's "unelected" upper house, many others believe political reforms to the existing institution would be more beneficial. One popular proposal for reform has been the "Triple-E" Senate. Originally championed by the [[Reform Party of Canada]], a Triple-E Senate would feature three proposed improvements over the existing model: '''e'''lected, meaning no more prime ministerially chosen senators; '''e'''qual, meaning all provinces would have the same number of senators; and '''e'''ffective, with the consequent right to block legislation passed by the House of Commons.

Fully implementing the Triple-E Senate would require significant constitutional reforms, particularly to implement the "equal" element, and has never been seriously attempted. Mild reforms to the Senate were proposed as part of Prime Minister Mulroney's [[Charlottetown Accord]] package but the package was rejected in a [[referendum]].

Demands for Senate reform have mostly been centred in the more populist West where popular dislike for the existing Senate is strongest. A useless upper house seems to be a waste of money, contrary to the belief held by some in the West of the superiority of smaller, more efficient, and less expensive government. This issue is exacerbated by those senators who attend only occasional sessions while still drawing a salary.

== Attempts at Senate reform ==

For most of its history the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] was the main advocate of Senate reform. In [[1978]] the Liberals issued a proposal booklet entitled ''A Time for Action'' calling for substantial change and proposing the creation of a "House of the Federation"; this was echoed by a number of Canada's premiers. Then-Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau tried to implement this proposal with the introduction of Bill C-60, but the measure was ruled ''ultra vires'' by the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] in [[1979]]. Had the bill become law, it would have created a Senate that was somewhat responsible and somewhat more equal between the provinces but still had few powers. Ultimately, the proposal was also rejected by most of the premiers, who were themselves divided over the power and the composition of the Senate.

Going into the November [[1981]] meeting to finally determine the make-up of Canada's new constitution, one of the premiers' top demands was for Senate reform. Trudeau had earlier expressed his wish for only minor reform that would not limit the power of the House of Commons to any great extent. In the long period of debate and compromise leading up to the 1982 Constitution Act, the entire idea of reforming the Senate was rejected. The Supreme Court ruled that any change to the composition of the Senate needed unanimous support from the provincial premiers, and agreement between the federal government and the various premiers would have been almost impossible to achieve. The federal government and the premiers thus reached a compromise, the premiers giving away their Senate demands in exchange for an amending formula to their liking. The only change to the Senate was in the new amending formula. The change eliminated the Senate's constitutional veto, giving it the power to merely delay any amendment for 180 days.

==Meech Lake==

The [[Meech Lake Accord]] once again had no major Senate reform initiatives. This was despite [[Alberta]] Premier [[Don Getty]] promising to have his acceptance of any deal hinge on the issue. The issue was once again too difficult to be resolved by the provinces. Mulroney succeeded in appeasing Getty with a small change that would see the prime minster select every nominee from a list drawn up by the provincial governments. A promise was also included to discuss the issue of the Senate again at a later date.

While the ratification of the Meech Lake Accord was pending, Alberta held an election to fill a vacancy in the Senate and the people of Alberta elected [[Stanley Waters]] as their senator-in-waiting. He was then appointed to the Senate in 1990 by Prime Minister Mulroney and became the first and last elected senator in Canadian history. However, after the ratification process failed, Mulroney no longer considered himself bound to accept provincial nominees for the Senate as the accord had indicated and did not do so. Although elections continued in Alberta, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien did not acknowledge them and continued to pick whomever he saw fit for the Senate.

==Charlottetown==

In the negotiations over the [[Charlottetown Accord]], the federal government could only maintain the momentum and possibility of an agreement by giving in to the provinces on many issues; one of these was Senate reform. The proposed deal finally gave in to Western demands for a Triple-E Senate (elected, effective, and equal) but also contained several compromises. The proposed Senate would have total equality among provinces: each province would have six senators and each territory would have one, despite the wishes of some provinces for representation similar to that of the House of Federation proposed in 1978. Agreement on this issue was reached only by concessions to the provinces that had the most to lose from the equal representation system, Ontario and Quebec. In exchange for losing Senate representation, the provinces were given new House of Commons seats, making that chamber more proportionally representative. One other measure to ensure greater representation for Quebec was the double-majority clause, which stated that both a majority of francophone senators and of the Senate as a whole needed to approve any bills concerning linguistic matters.

What the West had to give up was on effectiveness. The Senate in the original draft was very powerful. It received veto power over all legislation except for monetary matters that were not "fundamental policy changes". This would have allowed it to veto important matters such as the GST and the Free Trade Agreement, as well as bills concerning culture, immigration, and language among others. In the end, the Senate received total veto power over only fundamental tax policy changes and all other bills could be approved by the Commons alone.

The accord also allowed the members of the Senate to be selected by provincial governments. This last measure could have had a drastic effect, as Canadian provincial elections are traditionally in opposition to federal ones. Thus, a Senate appointed by the provincial governments would almost always be in opposition to the House of Commons.

The Charlottetown Accord was [[Charlottetown_Accord#Results|rejected in a referendum]] on 26 October 1992. It was strongly defeated in all four western provinces and in Quebec, strongly supported in all the Atlantic provinces except [[Nova Scotia]], and was split almost evenly in [[Nova Scotia]] and [[Ontario]]. The absence of a fully Triple-E Senate as part of the accord was a major factor in its defeat in the western provinces.

==Today==

Today, the [[conventional wisdom]] is that no one in Canada wants a new round of constitutional negotiations. There is a perception that the Canadian public is fed up with the issue. Also, it is perhaps considered prudent not to stir up another "hornet's nest". After all, in the aftermath of the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown accords, the [[1995 Quebec referendum]] on sovereignty very nearly succeeded.

Despite the difficulty of amending the constitution, it would still be possible to elect senators without major constitutional change. As suggested by Alberta, this could be accomplished if the prime minister simply established a policy of appointing anyone so elected. However, prime ministers have so far not been willing to do this.

The Canadian political landscape was significantly altered at the end of [[2003]] by the arrival of [[Paul Martin]] as new Liberal leader and prime minister and by the merger of the [[Canadian Alliance]] and [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservatives]] to form the new [[Conservative Party of Canada]]. Although Paul Martin has already declared that he will not appoint the elected senator for Alberta and wants to first focus on the equality and effectiveness of Parliament, it remains to be seen whether the new Conservative Party will maintain the Alliance's strong support for Senate reform. The outcome of the upcoming [[2004 Canadian election]] and the Conservative Party leadership race will have a major influence on what, if any, new developments may be expected.

The [[Bloc Québécois]] advocates a [[unicameral]]ist policy of outright abolition of the Senate, even though it also advocates full independence for Quebec, which would mean the end of the province's representation in the Canadian Parliament. The [[New Democratic Party of Canada]] also supports the Senate's abolition, as did its predecessor, the [[Cooperative Commonwealth Federation]].

==See also==

*[[List of Canadian Senators]]
*[[List of Canadian Senators who resigned and were elected to the House of Commons]]

==External Link==
*[http://www.parl.gc.ca Parliament of Canada]

Vermont General Assembly

2004-03-30T00:18:37Z

SD6-Agent: legislative branch

The '''Legislature of Vermont''' is the [[U.S. state]] of [[Vermont]]'s [[legislative branch]], seated at the state's capital, [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]]. The Legislature is formally known as the "General Assembly," but the style of "Legislature" is commonly used, even by the body's own [http://www.leg.state.vt.us/ website]. The Legislature is [[bicameral]], consisting of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

The House of Representatives consists of one-hundred and fifty members elected by single and two member districts. Sixty-six districts choose one member, and forty-two choose two, the term of service being two years. The Senate includes thirty Senators, elected by thirteen multi-member districts
Legislative elections are held in November of every even-numbered year. Assemblymen serve two-year terms, while Senators serve four-year terms. One must be a resident of the state for the two years, and of the legislative district for the one year, immediately preceding the election in order to qualify for either house.

The House is headed by the Speaker, while the Senate is headed by the by the State's Lieutenant Governor as the Senate President. The Senate President has only a casting vote. More often, the Senate is presided over by the President ''pro tempore'', or temporary President.

The Legislature is empowered to make law, subject to the Governor's power to veto a bill. However, the veto may be overriden by the Legislature if there is a two-thirds majority in favor of overriding in each House. Furthermore, the Legislature has the power to propose Constitutional amendments. An amendment may only be proposed by a two-thirds majority in the Senate and a majority in the House. The proposed amendment is then considered by the people at a [[referendum]]. Amendments may only be proposed once in four years.

Brendan Howlin

2004-03-29T22:44:29Z

SD6-Agent:

'''Brendan Howlin''' was [[Irish Minister for Health]] ([[1993]]-[[1994]])

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George Arthur (Gouverneur)

2004-03-27T20:14:31Z

SD6-Agent:

'''[[Major General]] Sir George Artuhr''' ([[1784]]-[[1854]]) was [[Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Upper Canada]] ([[March 23]], [[1838]]-[[1839]]?).

'''Related Link:'''

* [[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario]]

Atari, Inc. (2003)

2004-03-17T18:33:21Z

SD6-Agent:

'''GT Interactive''' was a [[video game developer]] founded in [[1993]] and bought by [[Infogrames]] in [[1999]].

'''External Link:'''

* [http://www.gamespot.com/company/gtinteractive.html GameSpot.com - Games by GT Interactive]

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Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten

2004-03-16T17:05:01Z

SD6-Agent: Added brief cast list

'''''Dazed and Confused''''' was a [[1993]] [[United States|American]] [[movie]] written and directed by [[Richard Linklater]] with a large ensemble cast, many of whom share the spotlight. The title is derived from the [[Led Zeppelin]] song "[[Dazed and Confused]]".

The movie tells the stories of the last day of school in [[1976]] in a [[Texas]] suburb. The camera dips in and out of the lives of a variety of students at the school, rather than focussing on a single individual - in a manner reminiscent of, but less extreme than, Linklater's earlier film ''[[Slacker (movie)|Slacker]]''.

The film paid considerable attention to period and locational detail, (mostly) the cars and music of the time, the soundtrack featuring rock staples of the era. It also occasionally featured a sense of melancholy, of having "missed out" by a few years on the cataclysmic events of the late 1960's.

The film's lack of apparent structure, and undemonized depiction of [[marijuana]] use, have associated it with "stoner" culture somewhat. It should be noted that the film's biggest user of marijuana is portrayed as having the world pass him by while everyone else gets on with their lives.

'''Brief Cast:'''

* [[Jason London]]
* [[Marissa Ribisi]]
* [[Matthew McConaughey]]
* [[Ben Affleck]]
* [[Milla Jovovich]]

The Brown Bunny

2004-03-15T11:28:25Z

SD6-Agent: emphasized unsimulated fellatio

'''''The Brown Bunny''''' is a [[film]] by maverick [[actor]]/[[film director|director]] [[Vincent Gallo]] that had its world premiere at the [[2003 in film|2003]] [[Cannes Film Festival]], where it played in competition. Critical reaction was so hostile that the film quickly became labelled the worst in the festival's history, and many [[journalist]]s even questioned the entire festival's artistic direction in admitting it in the first place.

{{msg:spoiler}}

The film is a rambling odyssey about a [[motorcycle]] racer (played by Gallo) who undertakes a cross-country [[Van (vehicle)|van]] drive in search of his former [[lover]]. The road scenes received especially heavy ridicule, consisting as they do of lengthy unbroken shots out the van's [[windshield]], and one sequence in which Gallo parks the van and washes it, which plays in real time.

But the strongest outrage was reserved for the film's final scene, in which Gallo's character finally meets up with his ex-lover ([[Chloë Sevigny]]), and she performs un[[simulated]] [[fellatio]] upon him on camera.

The screening of the film at Cannes, where audiences will openly let their displeasure be known with loud boos and catcalls, was a fiasco, reportedly bringing Sevigny to tears and provoking a humiliated Gallo to apologize for making the film. Upon his return to America, however, Gallo took a defiant stance, defending the film and denying his apology. A war of words then erupted between Gallo and popular [[critic]] [[Roger Ebert]], with Ebert writing that he had been more entertained watching his own [[colonoscopy]] than by ''The Brown Bunny,'' and Gallo retorting by calling Ebert a "fat pig."

Ironically, the outrage and hysteria surrounding ''The Brown Bunny'' meant it ended up being the most-talked about film of the festival—even more so than the eventual [[Palme d'Or]] winner, [[Gus van Sant]]'s ''[[Elephant (movie)|Elephant]]'', and [[Lars von Trier]]'s highly-anticipated ''[[Dogville]]''—creating a mystique that some think may enhance its likelihood of securing [[US]] distribution.

A shorter, re-edited version of the film played later in 2003 at the [[Toronto Film Festival]], and while not receiving the highest praise, also did not garner the level of derision the Cannes version did.

Charles Bulfinch

2004-03-14T21:39:02Z

SD6-Agent: typos

'''Charles Bulfinch''', [[1763]]-[[1844]], is regarded by many as the first native-born American to practice [[architecture]] as a [[architect|profession]]. That distinction is also claimed for [[Robert Mills (architect)|Robert Mills]]. His works include the original rotunda and dome of the [[U.S. Capitol]] while serving as the Commissioner of Public Building in [[Washington, D.C.]] from [[1817]] to [[1830]]. Most of his career was spent in his native [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] and nearby [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. Bulfinch's education included graduation from [[Harvard University]] in [[1781]], and with a Masters in [[1784]], and a grand tour of [[Europe]] from [[1785]]-[[1787]]. [[Thomas Jefferson]] became something of a mentor in Europe, as he would later be to Robert Mills. His works include the ''Tontine Crescent'' (demolished), fashioned after [[John Wood I & II|John Wood]]'s ''[The Royal Crescent|Royal Crescent]]''; various houses built for [[Harrison Grey Otis]] which so impressed [[U.S. President]] [[James Monroe]] that he invited Bulfinch to Washington; the [[state capital]]s of both [[Connecticut]] and [[Massachusetts]]; and ''University Hall'' at Harvard.

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CFB Kingston

2004-03-08T04:25:45Z

SD6-Agent:

'''CFB Kingston''' (1 Wing) is a [[Canadian Forces]] [[military]] base located in [[Kingston, Ontario]], [[Canada]].

CFB Kingston supports the Canadian army by [[airlift]]ing [[person]]nel and [[troop]]s to any where around the world. It has six [[tactical]] [[helicopter]] and [[training]] squadrons located throughout the country. CFB Kingston is home to the [[CH-146 Griffon]] helicopter.

'''External Link:'''

* [http://www.airforce.forces.ca/1wing/site/index_e.asp Department of National Defence Canada - CFB Kingston]

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CFB Kingston

2004-03-08T04:23:16Z

SD6-Agent:

'''CFB Kingston''' (1 Wing) is a [[Canadian Forces]] [[military]] base located in [[Kingston, Ontario]], [[Canada]].

CFB Kingston supports the Canadian army by [[airlift]]ing [[person]]nel and [[troop]]s to any where around the world. It has six [[tactical]] [[helicopter]] and [[training]] squadrons located throughout the country. CFB Kingston is home to the [[Griffon (helicopter)|Griffon]] helicopter.

'''External Link:'''

* [http://www.airforce.forces.ca/1wing/site/index_e.asp Department of National Defence Canada - CFB Kingston]

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Canadian Forces Base North Bay

2004-03-08T03:43:31Z

SD6-Agent:

'''CFB North Bay''' (22 Wing) is [[Canadian Forces]] [[military]] base located in [[North Bay, Ontario]], [[Canada]].

CFB North Bay contains an [[underground]] [[Sector Air Operations Centre]] as its contribution to the [[NORAD]] shield, monitoring all [[air]] [[traffic]] over Canada and [[North America]] by the [[North Warning System]], across the [[Canadian Arctic]], [[coastal]] [[radar]]s on the east and west coasts of Canada, and [[Airborne Warning and Control System Aircraft]]. The personnel monitoring the air is called the [[21 Aerospace Control and Warning Squadron]]. Any unidentified aircraft, aircraft in distress or suspicious aircraft are intercepted by [[CF-18]]s.

'''External Link:'''

* [http://www.airforce.forces.ca/22wing/site/index_e.asp Department of National Defence Canada - CFB North Bay (22 Wing)]

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Petawawa

2004-03-08T03:22:52Z

SD6-Agent: Added link to CFB Petawawa

'''Petawawa''' is a [[town]] in the [[Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]], in [[Renfrew County, Ontario|Renfrew County]] in the [[Ottawa Valley]], with a [[population]] of 15,000. The town is located at a [[Latitude]] of 45°54'[[North]] and [[Longitude]] 77°17' [[West]] and is home to [[Canadian Forces]] 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group. Petawawa was incorporated as a [[township]] in [[1865]] and as a [[village]] in [[1961]]. On [[July 1]], [[1997]], the village and township [[amalgamate]]d to become the Town of Petawawa. It is the largest [[municipality]] in Renfrew County. [[CFB Petawawa]] is located here.

'''External Links:'''

* [http://town.petawawa.on.ca Town of Petawawa, Ontario Official Website]
* [http://www.army.dnd.ca/CFB_PETAWAWA/dnd.asp Department of National Defence Canada - CFB Petawawa]

'''Related Link:'''

* [[List of communities in Ontario]]

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