https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Ross-cWikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]2025-06-25T16:12:05ZBenutzerbeiträgeMediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856423Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:43:42Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward II of England|King Edward II]], 1325.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
*[[James I of England|King James I]], 1619, accompanied by [[King Charles I of England|Prince Charles]]<ref name=Kings /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856422Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:22:52Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward II of England|King Edward II]], 1325.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
*[[James I of England|King James I]], 1619, accompanied by [[King Charles I|Prince Charles]]<ref name=Kings /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856421Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:21:36Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward II of England|King Edward II]], 1325.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
*[[James I of England|King James I]], 1619, accompanied by [[Prince Charles|King Charles I]<ref name=Kings /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856420Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:21:02Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward II of England|King Edward II]], 1325.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
*[[James I of England (James VI of Scotland|King James I]], 1619, accompanied by [[Prince Charles|King Charles I]<ref name=Kings /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856419Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:19:09Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward II of England|King Edward II]], 1325.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856418Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:18:34Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward II of England|King Edward II], 1325.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856417Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:16:42Z<p>Ross-c: /* Royal Visitors */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158, accompanied by [[Thomas á Becket]].<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856416Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:15:48Z<p>Ross-c: Another royal visitor</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
| coord_region =<br />
| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
| height = <br />
| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
| occupants = <br />
| battles = <br />
| events = <br />
| image2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
<br />
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
<br />
The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
<br />
The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
<br />
The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
<br />
Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
<br />
During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
<br />
In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
<br />
The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
<br />
==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], 1158.<ref name=Kings /><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamworth_Castle&diff=158856415Tamworth Castle2014-08-22T19:14:14Z<p>Ross-c: Adding Kingly Visits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
| name = Tamworth Castle<br />
| native_name = <br />
| partof = <br />
| location = [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], [[Staffordshire]], United Kingdom<br />
| image = [[File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg|300px]]<br />
| caption = Tamworth Castle<br />
| map_type = Staffordshire<br />
| map_relief = if available<br />
| latitude = 52.632778<br />
| longitude = -1.696667<br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location within Staffordshire<br />
| type = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|52|37|58|N|1|41|48|W}}<br />
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| code = <br />
| built = {{Start date|913}}<br />
| builder = [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians<br />
| materials = <br />
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| used = <br />
| demolished = <br />
| condition = <br />
| ownership = Tamworth Borough Council<br />
| open_to_public = Yes<br />
| controlledby = <br />
| garrison = <br />
| current_commander = <br />
| commanders = <br />
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}}<br />
'''Tamworth Castle''', a [[Grade I listed building]],<ref name=HG>[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single/aspx?uid=386500&resourceID=5 Heritage Gateway: architectural description of listed building]</ref> is a Norman [[castle]], located next to the [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]], in the town of [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]] in [[Staffordshire]], England.<br />
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Overlooking the River Tame, the site has been fortified since [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times, when [[Ethelfleda]], the [[Mercia]]n Queen, built a [[burh]] to defend against Danes ([[Viking]]s); it served as a residence of the Mercian kings. Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is today one of the best preserved Norman [[motte-and-bailey]] castles in England.<br />
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The Castle has the second largest [[motte]] in England, after that at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>"Tamworth Castle Motte Makeover", ''Tamworth Borough Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund'', [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf www.tamworth.gov.uk/pdf/CPress_Motte_Makeover.pdf]</ref>{{Dubious |reason=See talk page for details|date=September 2013}}<br />
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==History==<br />
[[File:River Tame at Tamworth.jpg|thumb|left|Tamworth Castle seen above The Lady Bridge and the confluence of the [[River Anker]] and [[River Tame, West Midlands|River Tame]]]]<br />
The first castle at Tamworth was built in 913 by [[Ethelfleda]], Lady of the Mercians.<ref name=Past>[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=309973 "Tamworth Castle"], ''English Heritage: PastScape''.</ref><br />
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The castle we see today was constructed in its place by the [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] invaders c.1070.<ref name=Tam/> It dates primarily from the 11th and 12th century and was constructed in the typical Norman [[motte and bailey]] fashion.<ref name=Past/> Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, Tamworth was granted to [[Robert Despenser]], steward to [[William the Conqueror]]. Robert died childless and so the castle passed to his brother [[Urse d'Abetot]]'s daughters, one of whom, Matilida, married Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family, from [[Fontenay-le-Marmion]], [[Normandy]], held the castle for 6 generations from c.1100 - 1294. The Marmion family were hereditary champions to the [[Dukes of Normandy]] and then the new [[Kings of England]]. This role required them to offer a ceremonial challenge to those who would oppose the King, at the coronation ceremony.<ref name=Tam>"Tamworth Castle History", ''Tamworth Borough Council'' [http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx www.tamworth.gov.uk/castlehome/medieval.aspx]</ref><br />
[[File:Marmion Arms.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of arms of the Marmion Family of Tamworth Castle]]<br />
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The 4th [[Robert Marmion]] of Tamworth Castle (1185 – 1218), also known as "Robert the Justice", was appointed "Head of the Itinerant" by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]]; role equating to a mobile Lord Chief Justice. In 1215, during a campaign in France, Robert deserted [[John of England|King John]] and switched to support the French King. In retaliation John ordered Robert's son Geoffrey to be imprisoned, all of Robert's lands to be confiscated and Tamworth Castle to be demolished.<ref name=Tam/><br />
<blockquote> ''“Go without delay to the Castle for Tamworth and to hold and retain it. With all possessions, horses, arms and harnesses, so that he shall throw it down immediately” -- [[John of England|King John of England]], 30th December 1215''<ref name=Tam/> </blockquote><br />
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The castle was at least partially demolished, however, following John's death the following year (1216) Robert's sons were able regain their father's lands.<ref name=Tam/><br />
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The last of the Marmions to own Tamworth Castle was Philip Marmion (1241 - 1291). Philip was a close supporter of [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] and received large gifts in return for remaining loyal to the King during the baron's revolt. Henry III is thought to have visited the castle in 1257. Philip had no legitimate sons and so the castle passed on his death (c.1291) to his daughter. In 1294 she, however, died without an heir and the castle passed to her niece (daughter of another of Philip's daughters), Joan: wife of Sir Alexander Freville.<ref name=Tam/><br />
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The Freville family (or de Freville), originally from [[Cambridgeshire]], held the castle until 1423. Baldwin de Freville died leaving a two-year-old son, and three daughters; his son died a minor and in 1423 the castle passed to the eldest daughter, Elizabeth, and her husband, Thomas Ferrers of Groby.<ref name=Tam/><ref name=TC>''Tamworth Castle'', Official Guide Book by Tamworth Borough Council (1993, revised 2006)</ref> <br />
[[File:A view of the Castle Grounds (29) - geograph.org.uk - 872537.jpg|thumb|right|View of the castle keep, and the Bandstand and flower terraces of the Castle Pleasure Grounds]]<br />
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Numerous additions were made to the castle over the centuries, especially in the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period. The [[shell keep]] contains a 12th-century [[gate tower]] and later residential accommodation in an H plan comprising a 13th-century three storey north range, and a 17th-century Jacobean three storey south range linked by an oak timbered Great Hall of the 15th century.<ref name=HG/> <br />
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During the Civil War, when the castle's governor was Waldyve Willington,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=KYYuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=%22waldyve+willington%22&ei=rSDoSPnsFZH2sQOpuuX2Bg The History of the Town and Castle of Tamworth, Charles Ferrers Palmer, Jonathan Thompson, Tamworth, 1845]</ref> the castle was captured by parliamentary forces after a brief siege. In July, 1645 the castle garrison comprised ten officers and 77 soldiers under the command of Governor Willington. A muster of the garrison on 28 May 1646 lists only 23 soldiers, "the rest of the soldiers being about fiftie are at Lichfield Leguer uppon dutie there with Lt. Ensigne, one sergeant, one corporal and one drummer" (musters SP 28/122-3).<br />
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In 1668 the castle passed to the [[Earl Ferrers|Shirleys of Chartley]]. and then in 1715 to the Comptons when Elizabeth Ferrers married the 5th [[Marquess of Northampton|Earl of Northampton]].<ref name=TC/> During the Comptons period of ownership the castle fell into disrepair but in 1751 [[Charlotte Townshend, Viscountess Townshend|Charlotte Compton]], the grandniece of 1st [[Earl Ferrers]] married [[George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend|George Townshend of Raynham]].<ref name=TC/> The Townshends took up residence and the castle was much improved by them in 1781.<ref name=TC/><br />
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During most of the 19th century the castle was let out to tenants including [[Robert Peel]] and from 1869 to 1891 Thomas Cooke. On Cookes death the Marquess Townshend put the castle up for sale by auction and it was purchased by the Tamworth Corporation.<ref name=TC/><br />
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The castle was also depicted in a work by the English Romantic artist [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner]], entitled simply 'Tamworth Castle'.<br />
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==Royal Visitors==<br />
Royal visitors after the Norman Conquest:<br />
*[[Henry I of England|King Henry I]], sometime between 1109 and 1115..<ref name=Kings>[http://www.tamworthherald.co.uk/Kings-England-stayed-Tamworth-Castle/story-19077489-detail/story.html "Five Kings Who Stayed at Tamworth Castle"], ''Tamworth Herald''.</ref><br />
*[[Henry III of England|King Henry III]], 1257.<br />
*[[Edward III of England|King Edward III]], 1330.<ref name=Tam/><br />
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==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]<br />
* [[List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
* [[Mercian Trail]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.tamworthcastle.co.uk/ Tamworth Castle]<br />
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[[Category:Visitor attractions in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Castles in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]<br />
[[Category:History of Staffordshire]]<br />
[[Category:Historic house museums in Staffordshire]]</div>Ross-chttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_McCullough&diff=155374940Henry McCullough2004-08-14T22:25:11Z<p>Ross-c: Created stub page</p>
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<div>Henry McCullough is a musician, who has played guitar in such bands as [[Spooky Tooth]], [[Paul McCartney]]'s [[Wings (band)|Wings]], and [[The Grease Band]].<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
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* [http://www.henrymccullough.com/ Official Web Site]<br />
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{{stub}}</div>Ross-c