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Andrea Bendewald

2014-12-02T10:18:46Z

RogDel: Dates: n-dash: box

{{Infobox person
| name = Andrea Bendewald
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1970|03|4|mf=y}}
| birth_place = United States
| years_active = 1990s–present
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| homepage =
| academyawards =
| emmyawards =
| spouse = [[Mitch Rouse]] (August 19, 2001 – present)
}}

'''Andrea R. Bendewald''' (born 4 March 1970) is an [[United States|American]] [[actress]] best known for her role as Maddy Piper on ''[[Suddenly Susan]]''.

==Personal life==
Andrea is the daughter of Judith Bendewald and Mervin Bendewald, both of [[New York]],<ref>http://www.jenniferanistonwatch.com/friend-spotlight-andrea-bendewald/</ref> and the sister of Mason Bendewald.

Bendewald graduated from [[Wright State University]]. She was a [[bridesmaid]] at [[Jennifer Aniston]]'s 2000 wedding to [[Brad Pitt]], and Aniston was [[matron of honor]] to Bendewald's August 19, 2001 marriage to [[Mitch Rouse]] at the Saddlerock Ranch in [[Malibu, California]]. Actresses [[Maria Bello]] and Kristen Hahn were bridesmaids. Andrea met her husband, Mitch Rouse, during October 1998 on the set of ''[[The Secret Lives of Men]]''.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901EFDB153EF93AA2575BC0A9679C8B63 WEDDINGS; Andréa Bendewald, Mitch Rouse], ''The New York Times'', 19 August 2001.</ref> Andrea also dated comedian [[Harland Williams]] with whom she costarred in the short-lived sitcom ''[[Simon (TV series)|Simon]]''.

==Filmography==
*''[[Good Luck Charlie]]'' as Lynn (Linda) Walsh (1 episode, 2012)
*''[[Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)|Last Man Standing]]'' as Charlie (1 episode, 2011)
*''[[Five (TV movie)|Five]]'' as Kate (TV Movie) (2011)
*''[[Without a Trace]]'' as Patricia Ranes (1 episode, 2008)
*''[[Stick It]]'' (2006) as Madison's Mom
*''[[Twins (TV series)|Twins]]'' as Phyllis (1 episode, 2006)
*''[[Two and a Half Men]]'' as Terry Sholander (1 episode, 2006)
*''[[House (TV series)|House, M.D.]]'' as Cecilia Carter (1 episode, 2005)
*''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'' as Jess (1 episode, 2005)
*''[[Center of the Universe (TV series)|Center of the Universe]]'' as Jewel (1 episode, 2005)
*''[[Life on a Stick]]'' as Sandy (1 episode, 2005)
*''[[CSI: Miami]]'' as Monica Reynoso (1 episode, 2004)
*''[[Employee of the Month (2004 film)|Employee of the Month]]'' (2004) as Wendy
*''[[That '70s Show]]'' as Ms. McGee (1 episode, 2002)
*''[[One Night at McCool's]]'' (2001) as Karen
*''[[Cursed (TV series)|Cursed]]'' as Lucy Keith (1 episode, 2001)
*''[[Friends]]'' as Megan Bailey (1 episode, 2001)
*''[[Amy's Orgasm]]'' (2001) as Beautiful Girl
*''[[Providence (TV series)|Providence]]'' as Elizabeth Jannaur (1 episode, 2001)
*''[[That's Life (2000 TV series)|That's Life]]'' as Dean Pamela Orman (1 episode, 2000)
*''[[Popular (TV series)|Popular]]'' as Bonnie (1 episode, 2000)
*''[[Suddenly Susan]]'' as Maddy Piper (59 episodes, 1997–1999)
*''[[Stark Raving Mad (TV series)|Stark Raving Mad]]'' as Brittany Farraday (1 episode)
*''[[The Thin Pink Line]]'' (1998) as Dust
*''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]'' as Sherry (1 episode, 1997)
*''[[Picture Perfect (1997 film)|Picture Perfect]]'' (1997) as Pregnant Friend
*''[[Seinfeld]]'' as Celia Morgan (1 episode, 1997)
*''[[Men Behaving Badly]]'' as Lana (1 episode, 1997)
*''[[Caroline in the City]]'' as Leslie (1 episode, 1996)
*''[[Brotherly Love (1995 TV series)|Brotherly Love]]'' as Pheobe D. (1 episode, 1996)
*''[[Simon (TV series)|Simon]]'' (1995), as Libby
*''[[Unhappily Ever After]]'' (1995), as TV Reporter (1 episode)

==Awards and nominations==
'''[[Ovation Awards]]'''
*[[2011 Ovation Awards|2011]]: Nominated for Featured Actress in a Play for the role of Jane in "Girls Talk"<ref>{{cite news|title=Kiss Me Kate Tops 2011 Ovation Award Nominations.|url=http://www.lastagetimes.com/2011/09/kiss-me-kate-tops-2011-ovation-award-nominations/|date=19 September 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0070541}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Bendewald, Andrea
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American actor
| DATE OF BIRTH =March 4, 1970
| PLACE OF BIRTH =United States
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bendewald, Andrea}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from New York City]]
[[Category:Wright State University alumni]]

Lulu Antariksa

2014-11-23T03:23:21Z

RogDel: /* Filmography */ Dates: n-dash

{{notability|Biographies|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lulu Antariksa
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Lauren Marie-Elizabeth Antariksa <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1984618/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bth_nm |title=Lulu Antariksa Biography |publisher=''IMDb'' |date= |accessdate=June 2, 2014}}</ref>
| othername = Lauren Antariksa
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|8|22}}
| birth_place = California, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actress, singer
| years_active = 2002–present
| spouse =
}}

'''Lulu Antariksa''' is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Stevie Baskara on the [[Nickelodeon]] sitcom ''[[How to Rock]]'' and [[AwesomenessTV]]'s Side Effects.

==Life and career==
Lulu Antariksa was born in California<ref name="presskit">{{cite web |title=How to Rock - Press Site - Bios - Lulu Antariksa|url=http://nickpress-howtorock.com/bios.html |date=January 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/653lopuoX |archivedate=January 29, 2012}}</ref> to an [[Native Indonesians|Indonesian]] father and a [[Germans|German]] mother.<ref>[http://blendedent.com/2012/06/20/interview-with-lulu-antariksa/ "Interview with Lulu Antariksa"]. Blended Entertainment. 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2013-08-26.</ref> She became interested in acting while attending [[Valencia High School (Valencia, California)|Valencia High School]] in [[Valencia, California]]. In Valencia, she starred in stage productions of ''[[Mean Girls]]'' and ''Mad World'', an original musical based on ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''.<ref name="presskit"/>

Antariksa's other television acting credits include ''[[American Family (2002 TV series)|American Family]]'', ''[[According to Jim]]'', ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'', ''[[Head Cases]]'', ''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]'', ''[[Zoey 101]]'' and ''[[Gemini Division]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/person/1327304/Lauren-Antariksa |title=Lauren Antariksa Movies & TV |publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' |date= |accessdate=February 6, 2011}}</ref>

Antariksa is also trained in dancing, singing and plays the guitar, piano, ukelele and bass.<ref name="presskit"/>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Film
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2007
| ''Seven's Eleven: Sweet Toys''
| Sparkler
| Short film
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Television
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2002
| ''[[American Family (2002 TV series)|American Family]]''
| Lina
| "The Masked Eagle: Part 1" (season 1: episode 18)
|-
| 2003
| ''[[According to Jim]]''
| Madeline
| "Slumber Party" (season 2: episode 16)
|-
| 2004
| ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''
| Anna
| "Touch & Go" (season 10: episode 11)
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Head Cases]]''
| Erica
| "Malpractice Makes Perfect" (season 1: episode 3)
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Monk (TV series)|Monk]]''
| Whispering Child #1
| "Mr. Monk and the Garbage Strike" (season 5: episode 2)
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Zoey 101]]''
| 7th Grade Girl
| "Anger Management" (season 4: episode 5)
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Gemini Division]]''
| Young Anna
| "In the Region of Ice" (season 1: episode 47)
|-
| 2012
| ''[[How to Rock]]''
| Stevie Baskara
| Series regular
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Figure It Out]]''
| Herself
| Recurring panelist; 7 episodes
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Jessie (TV series)|Jessie]]
| Victoria Montesano
| "Break-Up and Shape-Up" (season 2: episode 25)
|-
| 2013–present
| Side Effects
| Lexi Connolly
| Web Series
|-
| 2014
| [[Kickin' It]]
| Grey Cole
| "Return of Spyfall" (season 3: episode 21)
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Music videos
! Song
! Year
! Director
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| "Lightning"
| 2012
| [[Kurt Hugo Schneider]]
| appearance, Alex Goot's love interest
|-
| "All Your Love"
| 2012
| Daniel Durston
| Sung with Daniel Durston
|-
| "Maroon 5 Medley"
| 2012
| [[Kurt Hugo Schneider]]
| cameo
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1984618}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Antariksa, Lulu
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Lauren Antariksa
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American actress and singer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1995
| PLACE OF BIRTH = California, U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Antariksa, Lulu}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from California]]
[[Category:American child actresses]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American people of Indonesian descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Kalpana (Malayalam-Schauspielerin)

2014-11-01T05:20:25Z

RogDel: Cleanup

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{tone|date=January 2010}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalpana
| image =
| caption = Kalpana at Photoshoot
| birth_name = Kalpana Priyadarshini
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1965|06|5}}
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 1983–present
| spouse = [[Anil Kumar (film director)|Anil Kumar]] (divorced) 
| domesticpartner =
| children = Sreemayi
| parents = Chavara V.P.Nair, Vijayalakshmi
| nationalfilmawards = 1
| awards =
}}

'''Kalpana Priyadarshini''' (born 5 June 1965), [[Mononymous person|mononymously]] known as '''Kalpana''', is an Indian actress known for her comic roles in South Indian film industries and more particularly in [[Malayalam cinema]]. At the [[60th National Film Awards]], she won the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] award for her performance in ''Thanichalla Njan'' (2012).<ref>http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_13-national-film-awards-for-malayalam-movies_1812734</ref> Kalpana is the sister of film actresses [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] and [[Kalaranjini]]. Kalpana Priyadarshini, better known by her stage name Kalpana, entered the film industry wanting to work as a heroine. However, she ended up doing comedy. Kalpana has strayed into reality shows and says she thoroughly enjoys them. She recently performed a music album with [[Usha Uthup]].<ref>http://www.deccanherald.com/CONTENT/Sep242008/metro-wed2008092391645.asp</ref> She has published her memoirs, ''Njan Kalpana''.<ref>http://indulekha.com/malayalambooks/2008/05/njan-kalpana.html</ref>

== Career ==
After making her debut in the 1983 film ''Manju'' directed by [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]], Kalpana went on to star in several critically acclaimed films and her portrayals as a comedienne were appreciated by critics. Her Tamil debut was through the 1985 released successful film ''[[Chinna Veedu]]'' opposite [[K. Bhagyaraj]]. Her other memorable films include ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' (1995) and ''[[Kaliveedu]]'' (1996).<ref>http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=13680236&programId=1073752204&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3</ref>

==Personal life==
Kalpana is born to Theater artists Chavara V.P.Nair and Vijayalakshmi. She is having four siblings [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Kalaranjini]], Kamal Roy and Late Prince. Kalpana is married to Malayalam film director Anil Kumar and is divorced in late 2012.Their only daughter Sreemayi a.k.a Chinji is staying with her.<ref>http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/74473</ref>

==Awards==
*[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress]] – for the film ''Thanichala Njan''

== Partial filmography ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Movie !! Year !! Role
|-
|''Dolphins'' || ||-
|-
|''Karnavar'' || ||-
|-
|''Maanam Thelinjathu'' || ||-
|-
|''Nayana'' ||2014 ||-
|-
|''Malayalakkara Residency'' ||2014||-
|-
|''[[Bangalore Days]]'' ||2014 ||Kuttan's Amma
|-
|''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]'' ||2013 ||Mariyamma
|-
| ''Radio'' ||2013||
|-
|''Teens'' ||2013||
|-
| ''Thanichalla Njan'' || 2012 || Razia Beevi
|-
| ''Spirit'' || 2012 || Pankajam
|-
|''[[Vaadhyar]]'' ||2012||Shobha
|-
| ''Ezham Suryan'' ||2012||Nalini
|-
| ''Grihanathan'' ||2012||
|-
| ''Theruvunakshathrangal'' ||2012||
|-
|''[[Mullassery Madhavan Kutty Nemom P. O.]]'' ||2012||-
|-
|''Shankaranum Mohananum'' ||2011||Janaki
|-
|''[[Salt N' Pepper]]'' ||2011||Mary
|-
|''Paarvanam'' ||2011||
|-
|''Jameela'' ||2011||-
|-
|''Kanakombathu'' ||2011||-
|-
|''Living Together'' ||2011||
|-
|''Sivapuram'' ||2011||
|-
|''Bombay Mittayi ||2011||
|-
|''Ninnishtam Annishtam 2'' ||2011||Muthulakshmi
|-
|''Paachuvum Kovaalanum'' ||2011||Annamma
|-
|''Lavender'' ||2011||
|-
|''Snehadharam'' ||2011||-
|-
|''Kudambasree Travels'' ||2011||Khadeeja
|-
|''[[Makeup Man]]'' ||2011 ||Soorya's fiancee's aunt
|-
|''[[Indian Rupee (film)|Indian Rupee]]'' ||2011||Mary
|-
|''[[Senior Mandrake]]'' ||2010||Vandana
|-
|''Nizhal'' ||2010||Canteen Owner
|-
|''Oru Small Family'' ||2010||
|-
|''Nirakazhcha'' ||2010||Aksharavalli
|-
|''Yughapurushan'' ||2010||-
|-
|''Pathamadhyam'' ||2010||
|-
|''Njaan Sanchari'' ||2010||Dr.Arundhathi
|-
|''Aakaashayathra'' ||2010||
|-
|''Bharya Onnu Makkal Moonu'' ||2009||Dance teacher
|-
|''Loud Speaker'' ||2009||Rugmini
|-
| ''Sanmanasullavan Appukuttan'' ||2009|| Vasundhara
|-
|''Kerala Cafe'' ||2009||-
|-
|''[[Seetha Kalyanam (2009 film)|Seetha Kalyanam]]'' ||2009||Ramani
|-
|''Thirunnakkara Perumal'' ||2009||-
|-
|''Paleri Mannikyam Oru Pathira Kolapathakathinte Katha'' ||2009||
|-
|''Apoorva-the rare school days'' ||2008||-
|-
|''Kovalam'' ||2008|| Mariya
|-
|''De Ingottu Nokkiye'' ||2008||
|-
|''Bullet'' ||2008||Reality Show Judge
|-
|''[[Twenty:20]]'' ||2008||Swarnamma
|-
|''Pakal Nakshathrangal'' ||2008 ||Raji
|-
|''[[Anchil Oral Arjunan]]'' ||2007|| Shantha
|-
|''Bharathan Effect'' ||2007||Thankachan's mother
|-
|''Balram v/s Tharadas'' ||2006||Dakshayani
|-
|''[[Krithyam]]'' ||2005|| Victoria
|-
|''[[Athbhutha Dweepu]]'' ||2005|| Mallika
|-
|''Bungalowil Outha'' ||2005||-
|-
|''[[Udayon]]'' ||2005||Kunjujamma
|-
|''Kalabham'' ||2005||-
|-
|''Bus Conductor'' ||2005||-
|-
|''Five Fingers'' ||2005|| Marykutti
|-
|''[[Idhaya Thirudan]]'' ||2005||
|-
|''Maampazhakkaalam'' ||2004|| Neelima
|-
|''Vismayathumbathu'' ||2004|| Maya
|-
|''Vellinakshathram'' ||2004 ||School Principal
|-
|''Thalamelam'' ||2004|| Kanakavalli
|-
|''Sethurammaiyer CBI'' ||2004||Tailor Mani's wife
|-
|''Priyam Priyankaram'' ||2004||
|-
|''Nerkku Nere'' ||2004||-
|-
|''Varum Varunnu Vannu'' ||2003|| House Maid
|-
|''Mizhi Randilum'' ||2003|| Saradha
|-
|''The Fire'' ||2003||Fathima Beevi
|-
|''Mr.Brahmachari'' ||2003||Anasooya
|-
|''Melvilasam Sariyanu'' ||2003|| Sarasamma P Varghese
|-
|''[[Vellithira (2003 film)|Vellithira]]'' ||2003|| Pushpam
|-
|''[[Pammal K. Sambandam]]'' ||2002||Nurse
|-
|''Chirikkudukka'' ||2002|| Seemanthini
|-
|''Kakke Kakke Koodevide'' ||2002||Rahel
|-
|''Kannaki'' ||2002|| Kanakammal
|-
|''www.annukudumbam.com'' ||2002||Thief
|-
|''Kasillatheyum Jeevikkam'' ||2002||
|-
|''Krishna Gopalkrishna'' ||2002|| Sujatha
|-
|''Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan'' ||2002|| Kanyaka
|-
|''Ishtam'' ||2001|| Mariyamma Thomas
|-
|''[[Dumm Dumm Dumm]]'' ||2001||Pattamma
|-
|''Ennum Sambavami Yuge Yuge'' ||2001||
|-
|''Kannady Kadavathu'' ||2000||-
|-
|''Manassil Oru Manjithulli'' ||2000||
|-
|''Shayanam'' ||2000||-
|-
|''American Ammayi'' ||1999||-
|-
|''Aakashaganga'' ||1999 || Kochuthresia
|-
|''[[Chandamama (1999 film)|Chandamama]]'' ||1999|| Kochammini
|-
|''Charlie Chaplin'' ||1999||Chandrika
|-
|''Swastham Grihabaranam'' ||1999|| Sarala
|-
|''Pranaya Nilaavu'' ||1999||
|-
|''Alibabayum Arara Kallanmarum'' ||1998|| Thanki
|-
|''Grama Panchayath'' ||1998|| Pankajakshi
|-
|''Manthrikochamma'' ||1998||
|-
|''Sooryaputhran'' ||1998||Mental Patient
|-
|''Kudumbavarthakal'' ||1998||-
|-
|''[[Junior Mandrake]]'' ||1997||Vandana
|-
|''Kalyana Unniikal'' ||1997|| Lucie
|-
|''Ancharakalyanam'' ||1997||Kalyani
|-
|''Rajathanthram'' ||1997||-
|-
|''Kottapurathe Koottukudumbam'' ||1997|| Chandrika
|-
|''Manadiyar Peninu Chenkota Chekkan'' ||1997||-
|-
|''Newspaper Boy'' ||1997||-
|-
|''Anuraga Kottaram'' ||1997||Mother Superior
|-
|''Ullasappoonkattu'' ||1997||Marykutti
|-
|''Arjunan Pillayum Anchu Makkalum'' ||1997||Jayaprabha
|-
|''Ishtadhaanam'' ||1997||-
|-
|''Anubhoothi'' ||1997||Police officer's wife
|-
|''Five Star Hospital''||1997||Nurse
|-
|''[[Mayaponman]]'' ||1997||Meenakshi
|-
|''Excuse Me Ethu Collegila'' ||1996||
|-
|''Kaathil Oru Kinnaram'' ||1996|| Manikutty
|-
|''[[Kaliveedu]]'' ||1996|| Mary
|-
|''Kudumbakodathi'' ||1996|| Gundur Parvathi
|-
|''Malayala Masom Chingam Onnu'' ||1996||
|-
|''Aramanaveedum Anjoorekkarum'' ||1996||Swarnam
|-
|''Kaatttile Thadi Thevarude Ana'' ||1995|| Kanaka
|-
|''Kalamasseriyil Kalyanayogam'' ||1995|| Chempakasseri Sakunthala
|-
|''Achan Kombathu Amma Varambathu'' ||1995||-
|-
|''Parvathy Parinayam'' ||1995||
|-
|''Pai Brothers'' ||1995|| Komalam
|-
|''Avittam Thirunal Arogya Sreeman'' ||1995|| Kousalya
|-
|''Punnaram'' ||1995|| Chandrika
|-
|'' Rajakeeyam''||1995|| Snehaprabha
|-
|''Peter Scott'' ||1995||Bessy
|-
|''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' ||1995|| Leelavathi
|-
|''No.1 Snehatheeram Banglore North''|| 1995||Metilda
|-
|''Mangalyasoothram'' ||1995||-
|-
|''Three Men Army'' ||1995|| Indira Devi
|-
|''CID Unnikrishnan BA, BEd'' ||1994||House Maid
|-
|''Kudumba Visesham'' ||1994|| Alykutty
|-
|''[[Pidakkozhi Koovunna Noottandu]]'' ||1994|| Ponnamma
|-
|''Poochakkaru Mani Kettum'' ||1994|| Karthika
|-
|''[[Sukham Sukhakaram]]'' ||1994|| -
|-
|''[[Butterflies (1993 film)|Butterflies]]'' ||1993||-
|-
|''[[Gandharvam]]'' ||1993|| Kottarakara Komalam
|-
|''Narayam'' ||1993||-
|-
|''Injakkadan Mathai & Sons'' ||1993|| Annakutty
|-
|''Kabuliwala'' ||1993|| Chandrika
|-
|''Kavadiyattam'' ||1993||-
|-
|''Ponnu Chami'' ||1993||-
|-
|''Porutham'' ||1993||Vasantha Kokila
|-
|''Kalippaattam'' ||1993||Venu's younger sister
|-
|''Saakshaal Sreeman Chaathunni'' ||1993||
|-
|''Ammayane Sathyam'' ||1993||
|-
|''[[Uppukandam Brothers]]'' ||1993|| Elamma
|-
|''[[Ennodishtam Koodamo]]'' ||1992|| Bhagyam
|-
| ''Cheppadividya''||1992||Mary
|-
| ''Ardram''||1992||Jaanu
|-
| ''Mr & Mrs'' ||1992||Kalpana
|-
| ''Aparatha'' || 1992 || Mary
|-
|''Inspector Balram'' ||1991|| Dakshayani
|-
|''Ottayal Pattalam''|| 1991||-
|-
|''Postbox No 27''||1991||-
|-
|''Ennathe Programme'' ||1991|| Minikutty
|-
|''[[Pookkalam Varavayi]]'' ||1991|| Tuition Teacher
|-
|''Souhrudam'' ||1991|| Annamma
|-
|''Adayalam'' ||1991|| Rosemary
|-
|''Dr Pasupathy'' ||1990|| U D C Kumari
|-
|''Kouthuka Varthakal'' ||1990|| Kamalu
|-
|''Maala Yogam'' ||1990|| Subhadra
|-
|''Orukkam'' ||1990|| Alice
|-
| ''Superstar'' || 1990 || Shakuntala
|-
|''Saandhram'' ||1990|| Anna
|-
|''Oru Sayahnathinte Swapnam'' ||1989|| Thankamani
|-
|''Prema'' ||1989||
|-
|''[[Peruvannapurathe Visheshangal]]'' ||1989|| Mohini
|-
|''[[Chinna Veedu]]'' ||1985||Bhagyalakshmi
|-
|''Ithu Nalla Thamasa'' ||1985|| Sundari
|-
|''Choodatha Pookkal'' || 1985 ||Hema's friend
|-
|''Paara'' || 1985||
|-
| ''Panchavadi Paalam'' || 1984 ||Anarkali
|-
|''Manju'' ||1983|| Rashmi
|-
|''Aadhipathyam'' ||1983||
|-
|''Pokkuveyyil'' || 1982||
|-
|''Ithum Oru Jeevitham'' || 1982||
|-
|''Yaagam'' || 1982 ||
|-
|''Anthiveyilile Ponnu'' || 1982 ||
|-
|''Pathirasooryan'' || 1981 ||Joly's friend
|-
|''Digvijayam'' ||1980||child artist
|}

== Television ==
Kalpana hosted several talk shows and interviews on Malayalam TV Channels. She act a role in a Tamil serial ''Mamma Mappilai'' in [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. She frequently appears as Judge in [[Asianet]]'s Comedy Reality show ''[[Vodafone Comedy Stars]]''.She has acted in few Malayalam television serials like Sathi Leelavathi,Kudumbasametham Manikutty,In Panchali House etc.She has acted in many [[advertisements]] also.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=1427780|name=Kalpana}}
* http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Kalpana&limit=113

{{NationalFilmAwardBestSupportingActress}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Kalpana
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian actor
| DATE OF BIRTH =1969-06-05
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Kerala, India
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalpana}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian comedians]]
[[Category:Women comedians]]

Rhea Chakraborty

2014-10-31T08:51:16Z

RogDel: Cleanup dates: box

{{Infobox person
| name = Rhea Chakraborty
| image = Rhea Chakraborty at the Launch of Avantika Daing's online store 'Squarekey.com'.jpg
| caption = Rhea Chakraborty at the launch of online store 'Squarekey.com'
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|7|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]<ref name=BIO/>
| occupation = [[VJ (media personality)|Video Jockey]], [[Actress]], [[Presenter|Anchor]]
| residence = [[Mumbai, Maharastra]], [[India]]
| nationality = Indian
| years_active = 2009–present
}}

'''Rhea Chakraborty''' (born 1 July 1992 in [[Bangalore]], [[india]])<ref name=BIO/> is an [[India]]n [[Bollywood]]<ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rhea-chakraborty-is-already-making-her-way-into-bollywood-at-20/1/235450.html Rhea Chakraborty is already making her way into Bollywood - India Today]</ref> and [[Telugu film]] [[actress]]<ref>[http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rhea-chakraborty-working-in-films-is-exciting-and-challenging/380939-8-66.html Rhea Chakraborty: Working in films is exciting and challenging]</ref><ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/it-s-exciting-challenging-rhea-chakraborty-on-acting_130656.html It`s exciting, challenging: Rhea Chakraborty on acting]</ref> and a [[VJ (media personality)|Video Jockey]]<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/people-wonder-if-rhea-chakraborty-is-a-punjabi_129440.html People wonder if Rhea Chakraborty is a Punjabi]</ref> on [[MTV India]].<ref name=BIO>[http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebs/rhea-chakraborty.html Rhea Chakraborty - Photos, Filmography, Biography - Oneindia.in]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/Rhea-Chakraborty-parties-at-Thank-God-Its-Thursday/articleshow/24040716.cms Rhea Chakraborty parties at Thank God It's Thursday]</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/rhea-chakraborty-sameera-reddy-at-neeta-lullas-bridal-collection-preview/1/10253.html Rhea Chakraborty, Sameera Reddy at Neeta Lulla's store - IndiaToday]</ref>

== Career ==
'''Rhea''' started her [[television]] career in 2009 with [[MTV India]]'s reality show ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|TVS Scooty Teen Diva]]''<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-female-vjs-giving-tough-competition-to-their-male-counterparts-1384010 Female VJs giving tough competition to their male counterparts - Entertainment - DNA]</ref> and was the first runner-up. Later on she gave an audition for a [[VJ (media personality)|VJ]] at MTV Delhi and was selected. She has hosted several MTV's shows including ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|Pepsi MTV Wassup]]'', ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|TicTac College Beat]]'' and ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|MTV Gone in 60 seconds]]''.<ref name=BIO/>

In 2012, she made her [[film]] career debut with [[telugu film]] ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]'' playing the character, Nidhi.<ref name=RCTT/>
In 2013, she debuted in [[bollywood]] with [[hindi film]] ''[[Mere Dad Ki Maruti]]'' as Jasleen.<ref name=BIO/>
Currently (February 2014) she is signed for Rohan Sippy's upcoming film ''[[Sonali Cable]]''.<ref name=RCSC/>
And she is shooting for Babbu ki Jawani and she has also signed YRF film Bank Chor opposite Vivek Oberoi and Riteish Deshmukh.

On 19 March 2014, Rhea filed an FIR with [[Mumbai Police]] alleging molestation by an unknown person at her house on the previous day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Rhea Chakraborty files Molestation Case against unknown Assailtant|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/rhea-chakraborty-files-molestation-case-against-unknown-assailtant/|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=19 March 2014}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year(s)
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Character
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Language
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]''
| Nidhi
| [[Telugu Language|Telugu]]<ref name=RCTT>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-19/news-interviews/37178715_1_ram-kapoor-ravi-kissen-butter-chicken Enjoyed butter chicken with Ram Kapoor on sets: Rhea - Times Of India]</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Mere Dad Ki Maruti]]''
| Jasleen
| [[Hindi Language|Hindi]] <ref>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-07/news-interviews/37530815_1_mere-dad-ki-maruti-rhea-chakraborty-punjabi Everyone thinks I am Punjabi: Rhea Chakraborty- Times Of India]</ref><ref>[http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/mere-dad-ki-maruti-director-to-make-two-more-films-with-yash-raj-films-341128 Mere Dad Ki Maruti director to make two more films with Yash Raj Films | NDTV Movies.com]</ref><ref>[http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2013/rhea-chakraborty-pictures-mere-dad-ki-maruti-sizzle-104847.html Rhea Chakraborty to sizzle in Mere Dad Ki Maruti - Oneindia]</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Sonali Cable]]''
| Sonali
| Hindi <ref name=RCSC>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-13/news-interviews/37681388_1_kapoor-and-ravi-kissen-rhea-chakraborty-mere-dad-ki-maruti Don't have choice to choose directors: Rhea Chakraborty - Times Of India]</ref><ref>[http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rohan-sippy-starts-shooting-for-sonali-cable-355239 Rohan Sippy starts shooting for Sonali Cable | NDTV Movies.com]</ref>
|-
|2015
| ''[[Bank Chor]]''
| TBA
| Hindi
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Channel
|-
| ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|TVS Scooty Teen Diva]]''
| Contestant
| rowspan="4" | [[MTV India]]
|-
| ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|Pepsi MTV Wassup]]''
| rowspan="3" | Host
|-
| ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|Gone in 60 seconds]]''
|-
| ''[[List of programmes broadcast by MTV in Asia|TicTac College Beat]]''
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|id=5599013|name=Rhea Chakraborty}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama|id=111378|title=Rhea Chakraborty}}
*{{Indiatimes}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Chakraborty, Rhea
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian Bollywood & Telugu film actress, and VJ & Anchor.
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 July 1992
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Bangalore, India
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Rhea}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:People from Bangalore]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:VJs (media personalities)]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian television personalities]]

Gideon J. Tucker

2013-06-15T01:45:08Z

RogDel: /* Sources */ Cleanup: dates: box

'''Gideon John Tucker''' (February 10, 1826 [[New York City]] – July 1899 [[New York City]]) was an American lawyer, newspaper editor and politician. In 1866, as Surrogate of New York, he wrote in a decision of a will case: "No man's life, liberty or property are safe while the Legislature is in session."<ref>Gideon J. Tucker, ''Final Accounting in the Estate of A.B.'', 1 Tucker 248 (N.Y. Surr. 1866).''</ref><ref>This is a [[parody]] on "No man shall be deprived of the free enjoyment of his life, liberty, or property, unless declared to be forfeited by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land." from the [[Magna Carta]].</ref>

==Life==
He was born on Laight Street, near [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] as the son of Alderman John C. Tucker, a leader of the [[Locofocos]]. In 1844, he became a lawyer's clerk and subsequently wrote for newspapers. In 1847, he was admitted to the bar. On March 15, 1848, he married Clara L. Livingston (b. 1828). In 1852, he became a tax clerk in the office of the [[New York State Comptroller]] at [[Albany, New York]]. In 1853, he bought an interest in the ''[[Albany Argus]]'' from [[Edwin Croswell]], but in 1855 sold his part and founded the ''[[New York Daily News]],'' but withdrew from the editorship in September 1857.

He was a delegate to the [[1856 Democratic National Convention]] at [[Cincinnati, Ohio]]. In 1857, he was elected a Sachem of the [[Tammany Hall|Tammany Society]], and [[New York state election, 1857|later the same year]] was elected [[Secretary of State of New York]]<ref>At the time, he was at age 31 the youngest person to be elected to the office. [[Lewis Allaire Scott]] took office in 1784 as Secretary of State of New York at age 25, but was appointed. In 1863, [[Chauncey M. Depew]] was elected at age 29.</ref> In 1860, Tucker was nominated as President of the Board of Commissioners of the [[Croton Aqueduct]] Department, but the Board of Aldermen rejected the appointment.<ref>see [http://www.nytimes.com/1860/01/20/news/city-government-board-aldermen-gideon-j-tucker-for-croton-aqueduct-commissioner.html ''GIDEON J. TUCKER FOR CROTON AQUEDUCT COMMISSIONER''] in NYT on January 20, 1860; and [http://www.nytimes.com/1860/02/03/news/city-government-board-aldermen-mayor-s-nominations-for-croton-aqueduct.html ''THE MAYOR'S NOMINATIONS FOR CROTON AQUEDUCT COMMISSIONER AND HEALTH COMMISSIONER; THE FIRST REJECTED...''] in NYT on February 3, 1860]</ref>

He was [[New York Surrogate's Court|Surrogate]] of New York County from 1863 to 1869. He was a delegate to the [[1864 Democratic National Convention]]. He was a member of the [[New York State Assembly]] (New York Co., 14th D.). Here he drafted the first Eight-Hour Work Bill, which was ultimately defeated, but he carried through the law for the prevention of cruelty to animals.

In 1875, he left [[Tammany Hall]], and was among the founders of the opposing [[Irving Hall]] faction of the Democratic Party.

In 1878, he ran on the [[United States Greenback Party|National Greenback and Labor Party]] ticket for associate judge of the [[New York Court of Appeals]], but was defeated. Afterwards he went to Arizona for his health and edited the ''[[Daily Democrat (Arizona)|Daily Democrat]]'' at [[Prescott, Arizona|Prescott]], then the capital of the [[Arizona Territory]]. He returned in the 1880s to New York. In November 1887, he ran again for Surrogate, this time on the United Labor ticket, but was defeated by Democrat Rastus S. Ransom.

He died at his home at 162 West Eighty-Fourth Street in New York City.

==Notes==
<references/>

==Sources==
{{wikiquote|Gideon Tucker}}
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/tucker.html] Political Graveyard
*[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E06E3D9143EE73BBC4D51DFB1668383669FDE] The Greenback convention with Short bio of Tucker, in NYT on July 25, 1878
*[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E06E5DD1038EE3BBC4153DFBE668383669FDE] His nomination by the Greenbacks, in NYT on August 9, 1878
*[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9C03E7D91E38E033A25754C0A9679D94669FD7CF ''A LIST OF THE CANDIDATES ON THE VARIOUS TICKETS''] in NYT on November 7, 1887
*[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9C01EFD61E3DE433A25755C1A9659C94699ED7CF] His golden wedding, in NYT on March 16, 1898
*[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E02EFD61030E333A25755C2A9619C94689ED7CF] His obit, in NYT on July 26, 1899
*[http://books.google.com.br/books?id=eYkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22] ''Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature in the State of New York in 1859'' by Wm. D. Murphy (pages 12ff; C. Van Benthuysen, Albany NY, 1859)

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | before= [[Joel T. Headley]] | title = [[New York Secretary of State]] | years = 1858–1859 | after = [[David R. Floyd-Jones]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{New York Secretary of State}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=120594619}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Tucker, Gideon John
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 10, 1826
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1899
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tucker, Gideon John}}
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Manhattan]]
[[Category:People from Prescott, Arizona]]
[[Category:Secretaries of State of New York]]
[[Category:Members of the New York State Assembly]]
[[Category:New York state court judges]]
[[Category:American newspaper editors]]
[[Category:New York Democrats]]
[[Category:New York Greenbacks]]

David Hale (Diplomat)

2013-05-09T15:40:42Z

RogDel: /* External links */ add {{commons category}}

{{Other people2|David Hale (disambiguation)}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2011}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = David Hale
| image =David Hale.jpg
| imagesize =
| smallimage =
| order1 = [[Presidency of Barack Obama|United States Special Envoy for Middle East Peace]]
| term_start1 = May 18, 2011
| term_end1 =
| president1 = [[Barack Obama]]
| predecessor1 = [[George J. Mitchell]]
| order3 = [[United States Ambassador to Jordan]]
| term_start3 = November 7, 2005
| term_end3 = July 17, 2008
| predecessor3 = [[David M. Satterfield]]
| successor3 = [[Robert S. Beecroft]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency =
| party =
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[Georgetown University]]
| profession = [[Diplomat]]
| religion = [[Protestant]]
}}
'''David Hale''' was sworn in as [[United States Ambassador to Jordan|United States Ambassador to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]]<ref>[http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2005/09/20050923100106ndyblehs7.102603e-02.html#axzz1YEFSAfGV Bush Names David Hale To Serve as Ambassador to Jordan]</ref> on November 2, 2005. He is currently the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|United States Special Envoy for Middle East Peace]].

Hale had been serving as [[Deputy Chief of Mission]] in [[Amman]] since July 2003 and as [[Chargé d'affaires]] since July 2004. Previously, he was the [[United States Department of State|State Department's]] Director of the Office of Israel and Palestinian Affairs, Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]], and Executive Assistant to the [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]. Previous tours were at the U.S. Mission to the [[United Nations]], Beirut, Amman, [[Manama]], and [[Dhahran]]. He has held several staff positions in the Department.

Mr. Hale joined the [[United States Foreign Service|Foreign Service]] in 1984 and studied [[Arabic language|Arabic]] at the [[Foreign Service Institute]]'s Field School in [[Tunisia]]. He is a graduate of [[Georgetown University]]’s [[Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service|School of Foreign Service]] and a permanent resident of [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{Aljazeeratopic|person/david-hale|David Hale}}
*{{Bloombergtopic|david-hale|David Hale}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box
| title = [[United States Ambassador to Jordan]]
| before = [[David M. Satterfield]]
| after = [[Robert S. Beecroft]]
| years = 2005-2008
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Presidency of Barack Obama|United States Special Envoy for Middle East Peace]]
| before = [[George J. Mitchell]]
| after = Incumbent
| years = 2011-present
}}
{{end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Hale, David
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = None
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American diplomat
| DATE OF BIRTH = Term began on November 7, 2005
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[United States of America]]
| DATE OF DEATH = Still extant
| PLACE OF DEATH = Still extant
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, David}}
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Jordan]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni]]

{{US-diplomat-stub}}
{{US-gov-bio-stub}}

H. Clay Myers

2013-04-08T05:03:59Z

RogDel: Cleanup: dates: vital, box

{{Refimprove|date=March 2009}}
{{Infobox_Politician
| name = Clay Myers
| image = ClayMyers.png
| caption = Clay Myers at 1968 news conference.
| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|5|27|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|10|29|1927|5|27|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Arizona]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| office = [[Oregon State Treasurer]]
| term_start = January 3, 1977
| term_end = April 1, 1984
| predecessor = [[James A. Redden]] ([[Democratic Party (U.S.)|D]])
| successor = [[Bill Rutherford]] ([[Republican Party (U.S.)|R]])
| constituency =
| office2 = [[Oregon Secretary of State]]
| term_start2 = January 9, 1967
| term_end2 = January 3, 1977
| predecessor2 = [[Tom McCall]] ([[Republican Party (U.S.)|R]])
| successor2 = [[Norma Paulus]] ([[Republican Party (U.S.)|R]])
| constituency2 =
| office3 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency3 =
| party = [[Republican Party (U.S.)|Republican]]
| religion =
| occupation =
| majority =
| relations =
| spouse = Elizabeth Myers
| children = 3
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Henry Clay Myers, Jr.''' (May 27, 1927 – October 29, 2004) was an American politician who, during his career, was considered one of Oregon's most influential [[moderate]] [[Republican Party (USA)|Republicans]], together with his contemporaries, [[Tom McCall]] and [[Mark Hatfield]].<ref>Esteve, Harry. "Public servant Clay Myers Dies." ''The Oregonian,'' October 31, 2004, D1.</ref>

==Early life==
Born in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], Myers' childhood was spent in the coastal community of [[Tillamook, Oregon]]. He resided with his family briefly in [[Zimbabwe]] (known as Southern Rhodesia at the time) when he was 10 and in a 2004 interview with ''The Oregonian'' described it as "a mind-blowing experience." They lived miles from the nearest white family, and Myers said that he learned an enduring lesson in the futility of racism.
[1]

A graduate of Portland's Benson High School (1945), Myers went on to the [[University of Oregon]], where he founded the Zeta Omicron Chapter of Lambda Chi Alpha (ZO 009), led the [[Young Republicans]], and promoted student involvement in elections, campaigns and political issues. He studied law at [[Northwestern College of Law]] in Portland and attended the [[U.S. Coast Guard Academy]] in Connecticut.[1]

Before entering politics, he pursued a business career in banking and insurance.

Myers and his wife Elizabeth had three children, Carolyn, David, and Richard Clay.

==Political career==
Myers' first held office as [[Oregon Secretary of State]], being appointed to that post in 1967 by [[Tom McCall]] who had vacated the office to become governor. Myers had been a staff member on the McCall gubernatorial campaign. He was elected to the office in 1968, and re-elected in 1972. In 1974, he was defeated in a bid for the Republican nomination for Governor by [[Vic Atiyeh]], whom he had previously recruited to run for the state legislature. [[Term limits]] prevented his running for reelection in 1976, so he entered and won the race for State Treasurer. He served seven years in that office, to complete an exceptional eighteen years in continuous service in statewide public office.

==Latter years==
After leaving office, Myers returned to the business world, joining [[J.P. Morgan|J.P. Morgan Investment Management]] in New York. He retired in 1989, and returned to Oregon, where he remained active in community and church affairs.

Health problems, including a lengthy battle with cancer, prompted his move in 1999 to [[Tubac, Arizona]].

Long disenchanted with the rising [[social conservatism]] of the [[Republican Party (USA)|Republican Party]], Myers announced in 1999 that he had registered as an [[Independent (voter)|independent]], turning the tables on a quotation of [[Ronald Reagan]] by saying at the time, "I didn't leave the party. The party left me." In 2003, he registered as a Democrat in support of [[Howard Dean| Howard Dean's]] primary campaign, later actively working to elect John Kerry.<ref>Esteve, Harry. "GOP's right turn turns Myers off" ''(Eugene) Register Guard,'' May 23, 2004, 3F.</ref>

He died of cancer on October 29, 2004 in his Arizona home.

==Legacy==
Myers was deeply involved in public policy, as a Republican Party leader, a statewide office holder, and finally, as elder statesman. He is remembered for his work on some of Oregon's most innovative initiatives in land use planning, environmental and transportation policies and legislation. After his death, he was honored in a joint resolution of the Oregon State Legislature as "a gentle but tenacious leader who cared deeply about making Oregon a more livable and just place, and whose strong faith and unwavering
efforts helped make Oregon a national model."<ref>In memoriam: "LC1270: H. Clay Myers, Jr., 1927-2004" Joint Resolution, Oregon State Legislature. October 30, 2004. [http://www.leg.state.or.us/05reg/measures/scr1.dir/scr0009.intro.html]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{start box}}
{{succession box|
title=[[Oregon State Treasurer]]|
before=[[James A. Redden]]|
years=1977–1984|
after=[[Bill Rutherford]]
}}
{{succession box|
title=[[Oregon Secretary of State|Secretary of State of Oregon]]|
before=[[Tom McCall]]|
years=1967–1977|
after=[[Norma Paulus]]
}}
{{end box}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Myers, H. Clay
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =May 27, 1927
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| DATE OF DEATH =October 29, 2004
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Arizona]], [[United States|U.S.]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Myers, H. Clay}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:State treasurers of Oregon]]
[[Category:Secretaries of State of Oregon]]
[[Category:University of Oregon alumni]]
[[Category:Lewis & Clark Law School alumni]]
[[Category:People from Tillamook, Oregon]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in Arizona]]
[[Category:Oregon Republicans]]

John P. Lomenzo

2013-03-26T10:18:22Z

RogDel: Cleanup: dates: vital, box

'''John P. Lomenzo''' (August 12, 1915 – June 7, 2004, [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[Monroe County, New York]]) was an American lawyer and politician.

==Life==
He graduated from [[Fordham University School of Law]], and was admitted to the bar in 1939. He was a judge of the Monroe County Court when he was the [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] candidate for [[New York State Comptroller]] in [[New York state election, 1962|1962]]. He was defeated by the incumbent [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]] [[Arthur Levitt, Sr.]], but was appointed [[Secretary of State of New York]] by Governor [[Nelson A. Rockefeller]] on August 22, 1963, and stayed in office until he was replaced by Governor [[Malcolm Wilson (New York)|Malcolm Wilson]] after Rockefeller's resignation. In 1970-71, he was the President of the [[National Association of Secretaries of State]]. He was an alternate delegate to the [[1964 Republican National Convention]].

Since 1975, he had been a director of [[Conair Corporation]]. He was a partner in the law firm of Field, Lomenzo & Turret.

His son John P. Lomenzo, Jr., has been Town Court Justice of [[Penfield, New York]] since 1995.

==Sources==
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E7D71530F932A25755C0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=] Obit notice, in NYT on June 11, 2004
*[http://sec.edgar-online.com/1995/04/27/00/0000950112-95-001166/Section11.asp] SEC file on Conair, at Edgar on-line
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/loges-lonergan.html] Political Graveyard
*[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4180/is_20041130/ai_n10070484] ''Monroe County Bar pays tribute to deceased colleagues'', in Daily Record (Rochester, NY) on November 30, 2004
*[http://www.fordham.edu/images/Whats_New/magazine/winter05/FordhamW_05_notes_mem.pdf] Fordham alumni notes

{{start box}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | title = [[Secretary of State of New York]] | before = [[Caroline K. Simon]] | after = [[John J. Ghezzi]] | years = 1963–1974}}
{{end box}}

{{New York Secretary of State}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Lomenzo, John P
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 12, 1915
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = June 7, 2004
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lomenzo, John P}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]

[[Category:Secretaries of State of New York]]
[[Category:Fordham University School of Law alumni]]

Philip M. Breedlove

2013-03-11T16:30:43Z

RogDel: Cleanup: dates: box

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Philip M. Breedlove
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1955|9|21}}
|death_date=
|image= Gen Philip M. Breedlove 2012.jpg
|caption= Official portrait as Commander, [[U.S. Air Forces in Europe]]
|nickname=
|birth_place=Forest Park, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
|death_place=
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label=
| allegiance = {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
| branch = {{Air force|United States}}
|rank= [[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|68px]] [[General (United States)|General]]
|serviceyears=1977–present
|commands=*[[354th Tactical Fighter Wing]] 
*[[23rd Tactical Fighter Wing]]
*[[56th Tactical Training Wing]]
*[[12th Air Force]]
*[[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]]
*[[U.S. Air Forces in Europe]]
*U.S. Air Forces Africa
*[[Allied Air Forces Central Europe|Air Component Command, Ramstein]]
*Joint Air Power Competence Center
|battles=*[[Cold War]] 
*[[Gulf War]]
|awards=*[[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]] 
*[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]
*[[Legion of Merit]] (4)
*[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]] (3)
*[[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)|Meritorious Service Medal]] (4)
*[[Aerial Achievement Medal]]
*[[Commendation Medal#Joint Service|Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
*[[Achievement Medal|Air Force Achievement Medal]]
*[[Combat Readiness Medal]] (2)
*[[National Defense Service Medal]] (2)
*[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]
*[[Korea Defense Service Medal]]
}}

'''Philip Mark Breedlove''' (born September 21, 1955)<ref>[http://www.publicbackgroundchecks.com/SearchResponse.aspx?view=NM&fn=Philip&ln=Breedlove&state=VA&IsAdvanceSearch=1&city=Springfield&mn=M&BasicString=Philip%20Breedlove%20Springfield%20VA&IsAdvanceSearch=0&fmv=]</ref> is a four-star [[General (United States)|general]] in the [[United States Air Force]] who currently serves as the Commander, [[U.S. Air Forces in Europe]]<ref>http://www.usafe.af.mil/library/index.asp</ref> which he concurrently serves as Commander, U.S. Air Forces Africa, Commander, [[Allied Air Forces Central Europe|Air Component Command, Ramstein]]<ref>http://www.airn.nato.int/bios/breedlove_eng%20Jul12.htm</ref> and Director, Joint Air Power Competence Center. He previously served as the 36th [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]] from January 14, 2011 to July 27, 2012. He assumed his current assignment on July 31, 2012.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Breedlove was raised in [[Forest Park, Georgia]], and received his commission after graduating from the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ce.gatech.edu/media/spotlights/2721|title=General Philip M. Breedlove (BSCE '77) Appointed Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force|work=CEE Spotlight|publisher=Georgia Tech School of Civil & Environmental Engineering|date=October 27, 2010|accessdate=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Breedlove is a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. From March 1978 and going on for the next year, he was a student, undergraduate pilot training, at [[Williams Air Force Base]], [[Arizona]]. From March until august of the next year, he was in pilot instructor training at [[Randolph Air Force Base]], Texas. From August 1979 to January 1983, he became a [[T-37 Tweet]] instructor pilot, evaluation flight examiner and runway supervisory unit controller at Williams. He then became a [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]] student pilot at [[MacDill Air Force Base]] in Florida until September 1983. After that, he transferred to [[Torrejon Air Base]], Spain, from September 1983 January 1985, where he was the F-16 aircraft commander and instructor pilot for the [[614th Tactical Fighter Squadron]].<ref name="Biography">{{cite web|title=GENERAL PHILLIP M. BREEDLOVE|url=http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7751|publisher=[[United States Air Force]]|accessdate=December 31, 2010}}</ref>

Breedlove became an air liaison officer from January 1985 to March 1987 with the [[602nd Air Support Operations Group]], [[Kitzingen Air Base]], [[West Germany]]. He later transferred to the [[526th Tactical Fighter Squadron]], [[Ramstein Air Base]], [[West Germany]] from March 1987 to January 1988. Eventually, he was Chief of Flight Safety, [[316th Air Division]], at Ramstein until August 1988. For the next two years, he became first a F-16 flight commander, then assistant operations officer of the [[512th Tactical Fighter Squadron]], also at Ramstein. From August 1990 to July 1991, he was a student at the [[Air Command and Staff College]] located at [[Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[Alabama]]. Also in that year, he earned his Master of Science degree in aeronautical technology from [[Arizona State University]]. Beginning in July 1991 and going to May 1993, he was the Chief of Air Operations, [[United Nations Command and Republic of Korea/United States Combined Forces Command]], [[Yongsan Army Garrison]], South Korea.<ref name=Biography />

===Later career===
Starting in May 1993, Breedlove was the commander of the [[80th Fighter Squadron]] at [[Kunsan Air Base]], South Korea. This position lasted until July 1994, when he became a student at the [[National War College]], [[Fort Lesley J. McNair]], Washington D.C.. In June 1995, he became the operations officer, [[United States Pacific Command Division]], Joint Staff, [[The Pentagon]], Washington D.C., where he stayed until June. That next month, he became commander of the [[27th Operations Group]], [[Cannon Air Force Base]], [[New Mexico]]. In June 1999 and going to that next May, he was the executive officer to the Commander, Headquarters [[Air Combat Command]], [[Langley Air Force Base]], [[Virginia]]. For the next year, he was the commander of the [[8th Fighter Wing]], [[Kunsan Air Base]], South Korea. Beginning in June 2001 and lasting for the next year, he was the senior military assistant to the [[Secretary of the Air Force]], Headquarters [[United States Air Force]], Washington D.C.<ref name=Biography />

From June 2002 to June 2004, he became the commander of the [[56th Fighter Wing]], located at [[Luke Air Force Base]], [[Arizona]]. Then for the next year, he became commander of the [[31st Fighter Wing]], [[Aviano Air Base]], Italy.<ref>http://www.aviano.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090823-008.pdf</ref> He then became the Vice Commander of the [[16th Air Force]] at [[Ramstein Air Base]], Germany from June 2005 to October 2006. His next assignment, which lasted until July 2008, had him as the Vice Director for Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, [[The Pentagon]], Washington D.C.. From July 2008 to August 2009, he was the Commander of the [[3rd Air Force]], located at [[Ramstein Air Base]], Germany. In August 2009, he began serving as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans and Requirements, Headquarters [[United States Air Force]], Washington D.C.<ref name=Biography />

On January 14, 2011, Breedlove started his term as [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]]. His promotion to [[General (United States)|general]] also was effective that day.<ref name=Biography /><ref name="Thomas">{{cite web|title=Presidential Nominations 111th Congress (2009–2010) PN2107-111|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ntquery/z?nomis:111PN0210700:|accessdate=December 31, 2010}}</ref>

Breedlove has stated that he expects the Air Force to suffer from a "slow, but steady decline in our unit readiness."<ref>Garamone, Jim. [http://www.defense.gov//news/newsarticle.aspx?id=65853 "Vice Chiefs Detail Consequences of Budget Cuts."] ''American Forces Press Service'', October 27, 2011.</ref>

In July 2012 Breedlove left his position as Vice Chief of Staff to become commander of the United States Air Forces in Europe.

==Flight information==
:Rating: [[Command pilot]]
:Flight hours: More than 3,500
:Aircraft flown: [[F-16]], [[Cessna T-37 Tweet|T-37]] and [[Learjet 35|C-21]]

==Awards and decorations<ref name=Biography />==
{|
|[[File:COMMAND PILOT WINGS.png|100px]]
|[[United States Aviator Badge|US Air Force Command Pilot Badge]]
|-
|[[File:Joint Chiefs of Staff seal.svg|105px]]
|[[Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge|Joint Chiefs of Staff Badge]]
|-
|[[File:Headquarters US Air Force Badge.png|100px]]
|[[Headquarters Air Force badge|Headquarters Air Force Badge]]
|-
|}
{|
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|name=Air Force Distinguished Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]] with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|name=Legion of Merit ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Legion of Merit]] with three bronze [[oak leaf cluster]]s
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|name=Defense Meritorious Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]] with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|name=Meritorious Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)|Meritorious Service Medal]] with three bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Aerial Achievement Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Aerial Achievement Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Joint Service Commendation ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Commendation Medal#Joint Service|Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Air Force Achievement ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Achievement Medal|Air Force Achievement Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|name=Joint Meritorious Unit Award-3d|width=60}}
|[[Joint Meritorious Unit Award]] with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=oak|name=Outstanding Unit ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Outstanding Unit Award|Air Force Outstanding Unit Award]] with four bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|name=Combat Readiness Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Combat Readiness Medal]] with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|name=National Defense Service Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[National Defense Service Medal]] with bronze [[service star]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Global War on Terrorism Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Korea Defense Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Korea Defense Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|name=Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Air Force|Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon]] with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=oak|name=Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Air Force|Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon]] with four bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=6|type=oak|name=Air Force Longevity Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Air Force Longevity Service Award]] with silver and bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|name=Air Force Training Ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Air Force Training Ribbon]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|name=Inter-american defense board medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Inter-American Defense Board Medal]] with gold award star
|-
|}

==Effective dates of promotion<ref name=Biography />==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Promotions
! Insignia !! Rank !! Date
|-
||[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|68px]]||[[General (United States)|General]]||January 14, 2011
|-
||[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|54px]]||[[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] ||July 21, 2008
|-
||[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|36px]]||[[Major general (United States)|Major General]]||June 23, 2006
|-
||[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]]||[[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]]||October 1, 2003
|-
||[[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|25px]]||[[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]||January 1, 1998
|-
||[[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|20px]]||[[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]||June 1, 1993
|-
||[[File:US-O4 insignia.svg|20px]]||[[Major (United States)|Major]]||November 1, 1988
|-
||[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|15px]]||[[Captain (United States)|Captain]]||December 10, 1981
|-
||[[File:US-OF1A.svg|6px]]||[[First Lieutenant (United States)|First Lieutenant]]||December 10, 1979
|-
||[[File:US-OF1B.svg|6px]]||[[Second lieutenant#United States|Second Lieutenant]]||June 1, 1977
|-
|}

==References==
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2009/September%202009/0909photochart.pdf Photochart of USAF Leadership]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Breedlove, Philip M.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American general
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 21, 1955
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Forest Park, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Breedlove, Philip M.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:United States Air Force generals]]
[[Category:Georgia Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Air Command and Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:Arizona State University alumni]]
[[Category:National War College alumni]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Aerial Achievement Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Defense Meritorious Service Medal]]
[[Category:Vice Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force]]

[[zh:菲利普·布里德洛夫]]

Philip M. Breedlove

2013-03-11T16:29:56Z

RogDel: /* External links */ add {{commons category}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Philip M. Breedlove
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1955|9|21}}
|death_date=
|image= Gen Philip M. Breedlove 2012.jpg
|caption= Official portrait as Commander, [[U.S. Air Forces in Europe]]
|nickname=
|birth_place=Forest Park, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
|death_place=
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label=
| allegiance = {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
| branch = {{Air force|United States}}
|rank= [[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|68px]] [[General (United States)|General]]
|serviceyears=1977 – present
|commands=*[[354th Tactical Fighter Wing]] 
*[[23rd Tactical Fighter Wing]]
*[[56th Tactical Training Wing]]
*[[12th Air Force]]
*[[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]]
*[[U.S. Air Forces in Europe]]
*U.S. Air Forces Africa
*[[Allied Air Forces Central Europe|Air Component Command, Ramstein]]
*Joint Air Power Competence Center
|battles=*[[Cold War]] 
*[[Gulf War]]
|awards=*[[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]] 
*[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]
*[[Legion of Merit]] (4)
*[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]] (3)
*[[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)|Meritorious Service Medal]] (4)
*[[Aerial Achievement Medal]]
*[[Commendation Medal#Joint Service|Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
*[[Achievement Medal|Air Force Achievement Medal]]
*[[Combat Readiness Medal]] (2)
*[[National Defense Service Medal]] (2)
*[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]
*[[Korea Defense Service Medal]]
}}

'''Philip Mark Breedlove''' (born September 21, 1955)<ref>[http://www.publicbackgroundchecks.com/SearchResponse.aspx?view=NM&fn=Philip&ln=Breedlove&state=VA&IsAdvanceSearch=1&city=Springfield&mn=M&BasicString=Philip%20Breedlove%20Springfield%20VA&IsAdvanceSearch=0&fmv=]</ref> is a four-star [[General (United States)|general]] in the [[United States Air Force]] who currently serves as the Commander, [[U.S. Air Forces in Europe]]<ref>http://www.usafe.af.mil/library/index.asp</ref> which he concurrently serves as Commander, U.S. Air Forces Africa, Commander, [[Allied Air Forces Central Europe|Air Component Command, Ramstein]]<ref>http://www.airn.nato.int/bios/breedlove_eng%20Jul12.htm</ref> and Director, Joint Air Power Competence Center. He previously served as the 36th [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]] from January 14, 2011 to July 27, 2012. He assumed his current assignment on July 31, 2012.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Breedlove was raised in [[Forest Park, Georgia]], and received his commission after graduating from the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ce.gatech.edu/media/spotlights/2721|title=General Philip M. Breedlove (BSCE '77) Appointed Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force|work=CEE Spotlight|publisher=Georgia Tech School of Civil & Environmental Engineering|date=October 27, 2010|accessdate=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Breedlove is a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. From March 1978 and going on for the next year, he was a student, undergraduate pilot training, at [[Williams Air Force Base]], [[Arizona]]. From March until august of the next year, he was in pilot instructor training at [[Randolph Air Force Base]], Texas. From August 1979 to January 1983, he became a [[T-37 Tweet]] instructor pilot, evaluation flight examiner and runway supervisory unit controller at Williams. He then became a [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]] student pilot at [[MacDill Air Force Base]] in Florida until September 1983. After that, he transferred to [[Torrejon Air Base]], Spain, from September 1983 January 1985, where he was the F-16 aircraft commander and instructor pilot for the [[614th Tactical Fighter Squadron]].<ref name="Biography">{{cite web|title=GENERAL PHILLIP M. BREEDLOVE|url=http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7751|publisher=[[United States Air Force]]|accessdate=December 31, 2010}}</ref>

Breedlove became an air liaison officer from January 1985 to March 1987 with the [[602nd Air Support Operations Group]], [[Kitzingen Air Base]], [[West Germany]]. He later transferred to the [[526th Tactical Fighter Squadron]], [[Ramstein Air Base]], [[West Germany]] from March 1987 to January 1988. Eventually, he was Chief of Flight Safety, [[316th Air Division]], at Ramstein until August 1988. For the next two years, he became first a F-16 flight commander, then assistant operations officer of the [[512th Tactical Fighter Squadron]], also at Ramstein. From August 1990 to July 1991, he was a student at the [[Air Command and Staff College]] located at [[Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[Alabama]]. Also in that year, he earned his Master of Science degree in aeronautical technology from [[Arizona State University]]. Beginning in July 1991 and going to May 1993, he was the Chief of Air Operations, [[United Nations Command and Republic of Korea/United States Combined Forces Command]], [[Yongsan Army Garrison]], South Korea.<ref name=Biography />

===Later career===
Starting in May 1993, Breedlove was the commander of the [[80th Fighter Squadron]] at [[Kunsan Air Base]], South Korea. This position lasted until July 1994, when he became a student at the [[National War College]], [[Fort Lesley J. McNair]], Washington D.C.. In June 1995, he became the operations officer, [[United States Pacific Command Division]], Joint Staff, [[The Pentagon]], Washington D.C., where he stayed until June. That next month, he became commander of the [[27th Operations Group]], [[Cannon Air Force Base]], [[New Mexico]]. In June 1999 and going to that next May, he was the executive officer to the Commander, Headquarters [[Air Combat Command]], [[Langley Air Force Base]], [[Virginia]]. For the next year, he was the commander of the [[8th Fighter Wing]], [[Kunsan Air Base]], South Korea. Beginning in June 2001 and lasting for the next year, he was the senior military assistant to the [[Secretary of the Air Force]], Headquarters [[United States Air Force]], Washington D.C.<ref name=Biography />

From June 2002 to June 2004, he became the commander of the [[56th Fighter Wing]], located at [[Luke Air Force Base]], [[Arizona]]. Then for the next year, he became commander of the [[31st Fighter Wing]], [[Aviano Air Base]], Italy.<ref>http://www.aviano.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090823-008.pdf</ref> He then became the Vice Commander of the [[16th Air Force]] at [[Ramstein Air Base]], Germany from June 2005 to October 2006. His next assignment, which lasted until July 2008, had him as the Vice Director for Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, [[The Pentagon]], Washington D.C.. From July 2008 to August 2009, he was the Commander of the [[3rd Air Force]], located at [[Ramstein Air Base]], Germany. In August 2009, he began serving as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans and Requirements, Headquarters [[United States Air Force]], Washington D.C.<ref name=Biography />

On January 14, 2011, Breedlove started his term as [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]]. His promotion to [[General (United States)|general]] also was effective that day.<ref name=Biography /><ref name="Thomas">{{cite web|title=Presidential Nominations 111th Congress (2009–2010) PN2107-111|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ntquery/z?nomis:111PN0210700:|accessdate=December 31, 2010}}</ref>

Breedlove has stated that he expects the Air Force to suffer from a "slow, but steady decline in our unit readiness."<ref>Garamone, Jim. [http://www.defense.gov//news/newsarticle.aspx?id=65853 "Vice Chiefs Detail Consequences of Budget Cuts."] ''American Forces Press Service'', October 27, 2011.</ref>

In July 2012 Breedlove left his position as Vice Chief of Staff to become commander of the United States Air Forces in Europe.

==Flight information==
:Rating: [[Command pilot]]
:Flight hours: More than 3,500
:Aircraft flown: [[F-16]], [[Cessna T-37 Tweet|T-37]] and [[Learjet 35|C-21]]

==Awards and decorations<ref name=Biography />==
{|
|[[File:COMMAND PILOT WINGS.png|100px]]
|[[United States Aviator Badge|US Air Force Command Pilot Badge]]
|-
|[[File:Joint Chiefs of Staff seal.svg|105px]]
|[[Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge|Joint Chiefs of Staff Badge]]
|-
|[[File:Headquarters US Air Force Badge.png|100px]]
|[[Headquarters Air Force badge|Headquarters Air Force Badge]]
|-
|}
{|
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|name=Air Force Distinguished Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal]] with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Defense Superior Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|name=Legion of Merit ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Legion of Merit]] with three bronze [[oak leaf cluster]]s
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|name=Defense Meritorious Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Defense Meritorious Service Medal]] with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=oak|name=Meritorious Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Meritorious Service Medal (United States)|Meritorious Service Medal]] with three bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Aerial Achievement Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Aerial Achievement Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Joint Service Commendation ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Commendation Medal#Joint Service|Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Air Force Achievement ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Achievement Medal|Air Force Achievement Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|name=Joint Meritorious Unit Award-3d|width=60}}
|[[Joint Meritorious Unit Award]] with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=oak|name=Outstanding Unit ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Outstanding Unit Award|Air Force Outstanding Unit Award]] with four bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|name=Combat Readiness Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Combat Readiness Medal]] with bronze oak leaf cluster
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|name=National Defense Service Medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[National Defense Service Medal]] with bronze [[service star]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Global War on Terrorism Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Global War on Terrorism Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=Korea Defense Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Korea Defense Service Medal]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|name=Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Air Force|Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon]] with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=oak|name=Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Overseas Service Ribbon#Air Force|Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon]] with four bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=6|type=oak|name=Air Force Longevity Service ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Air Force Longevity Service Award]] with silver and bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|name=Air Force Training Ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Air Force Training Ribbon]]
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|name=Inter-american defense board medal ribbon|width=60}}
|[[Inter-American Defense Board Medal]] with gold award star
|-
|}

==Effective dates of promotion<ref name=Biography />==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Promotions
! Insignia !! Rank !! Date
|-
||[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|68px]]||[[General (United States)|General]]||January 14, 2011
|-
||[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|54px]]||[[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] ||July 21, 2008
|-
||[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|36px]]||[[Major general (United States)|Major General]]||June 23, 2006
|-
||[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]]||[[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]]||October 1, 2003
|-
||[[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|25px]]||[[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]||January 1, 1998
|-
||[[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|20px]]||[[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]||June 1, 1993
|-
||[[File:US-O4 insignia.svg|20px]]||[[Major (United States)|Major]]||November 1, 1988
|-
||[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|15px]]||[[Captain (United States)|Captain]]||December 10, 1981
|-
||[[File:US-OF1A.svg|6px]]||[[First Lieutenant (United States)|First Lieutenant]]||December 10, 1979
|-
||[[File:US-OF1B.svg|6px]]||[[Second lieutenant#United States|Second Lieutenant]]||June 1, 1977
|-
|}

==References==
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2009/September%202009/0909photochart.pdf Photochart of USAF Leadership]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Breedlove, Philip M.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American general
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 21, 1955
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Forest Park, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Breedlove, Philip M.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:United States Air Force generals]]
[[Category:Georgia Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Air Command and Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:Arizona State University alumni]]
[[Category:National War College alumni]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Aerial Achievement Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Joint Service Commendation Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Defense Meritorious Service Medal]]
[[Category:Vice Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force]]

[[zh:菲利普·布里德洛夫]]

Ivo Daalder

2013-03-08T14:55:17Z

RogDel: /* External links */ add {{commons category}}

{{Infobox US Ambassador
| name = Ivo H. Daalder
| image =Amb._Ivo_H._Daalder_WEB.jpg
| order =20th [[United States Permanent Representative to NATO]]
| term_start = May 15, 2009
| term_end =
| preceded = [[Kurt Volker]]
| succeeded =
| president = [[Barack Obama]]
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|3|2}}
|birth_place = [[The Hague]], Netherlands
|residence =
|nationality =
|ethnicity = [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]]
|citizenship = United States 
|education =[[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[University of Kent]], [[Canterbury]], 1978-1982 [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|MA]], [[Georgetown University]], 1980-1981 [[MLitt]], [[University of Oxford]], 1982-1984 [[PhD]], [[MIT]], 1984-1989
|alma_mater =
|employer = [[United States Government]]
|occupation = U.S. Permanent Representative to NATO
|title =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party =
|opponents =
|religion =
|spouse =Elisa D. Harris, August 2, 1987
|partner =
|children = Marc H. Daalder Michael H. Daalder
|parents =Hans Daalder Annie-Pauline Daalder-Neukircher
|relations =
|callsign =
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes = <ref name=WhoWho>
"Ivo H. Daalder." Marquis Who's Who TM. Marquis Who's Who, 2007.
Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
Retrieved November 25, 2008. Document Number: K2017750885.
</ref>
}}
'''Ivo H. Daalder''' (born 1960, [[The Hague]], Netherlands) has been the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] since May 2009. He is a specialist in European security. He was a member of the staff of [[United States National Security Council]] (NSC) during the administration of President [[Bill Clinton]], and was one of the foreign policy advisers to President [[Barack Obama]] during his 2008 presidential campaign.<ref>http://nato.usmission.gov/mission/ambassador.html</ref>

==Education and Academic Career==
Daalder was educated at the [[University of Kent]], [[Oxford University]], and [[Georgetown University]], and received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]] in [[political science]] from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. He was fellow at [[Harvard University]]'s Center for Science and International Affairs and the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] in London. He received a [[Pew Research Center|Pew]] Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs and an International Affairs Fellowship of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]]. Daalder was an associate professor at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]]'s School of Public Affairs, where he was also director of research at the Center for International and Security Studies. He was a Senior Fellow in foreign policy studies at the [[Brookings Institution]] from 1997 to 2009, where he was a specialist in European security, transatlantic relations, and national security affairs.

==National Security Council and Hart-Rudman Commission==
In 1995-97, Daalder served as a director for European Affairs on the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] staff under President [[Bill Clinton]], where he was responsible for coordinating U.S. policy toward Bosnia. From 1998-2001, Daalder served as a member of the Study Group of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (the [[Hart-Rudman Commission]]), a multi-year examination of U.S. national security requirements and institutions.<ref>http://nato.usmission.gov/mission/ambassador.html|Official biography on homepage of U.S Mission to NATO</ref>

==Permanent Representative to NATO==

On March 11, 2009, President Obama nominated Daalder to become the [[United States Permanent Representative to NATO]], a post commonly referred to as "U.S. Ambassador to NATO".<ref>{{cite web |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |publisher=Office of [[White House Press Secretary|the Press Secretary, the White House]] |date=2009-03-11 |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Announces-More-Key-Administration-Posts-3/11/09/|accessdate=2009-03-12}}</ref>

One of the issues that Ambassador Daalder has addressed is the lack of communication on security issues between NATO and the [[European Union]]. In October 2010 he wrote in the ''International Herald Tribune'': "NATO and E.U. capabilities need to be in synch, and their operations need to be complementary. We should regularly engage in a robust and transparent exchange of views on a wide range of shared interests. Policy should support work in the field; those in harm's way shouldn't have to work around our failures in Brussels."<ref>Breaking Brussels' Logjam, International Herald Tribune, October 18, 2010.</ref>

===NATO Intervention In Libya===
Daalder was U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council in February 2011 when the [[Libyan civil war]] began with uprisings against [[Muammar Gaddafi]] in several cities, followed by a military crackdown by the Gaddafi regime. On March 17, 2011, the [[United Nations Security Council]] passed a resolution calling upon the international community to take "all necessary measures" to protect civilians in Libya. On March 19, following U.N. authorization, the United States led a coalition of Allied countries, including Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom, launching air strikes against Gaddafi's forces, destroying his air defense system and imposing a no-fly zone and a naval blockade to prevent shipments of arms.<ref name="James Stavridis 2012">Ivo Daalder and James Stavridis, ''NATO's VIctory in Libya - the Right Way to Run an Intervention'', March/April 2012.</ref>

Following this first success, Daalder led the U.S. efforts to persuade NATO to take over command and control of the operation. On March 27, the North Atlantic Council voted unanimously to take charge of what became known as [[Operation Unified Protector]]. The Operation had three missions; to police the arms embargo, to patrol the no-fly zone, and to protect civilians. Fourteen NATO allies took part in the actual operations, along with contingents from [[Jordan]], [[Morocco]], [[Qatar]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. In Libya, unlike other military intervention in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States played a largely supporting role, providing intelligence, aerial surveillance and refueling, while other NATO allies, including France, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Belgium, flew most of the bombing missions.<ref name="James Stavridis 2012"/>

The first two missions were quickly put into place, but, due to the presence of Gaddafi forces in or near civilian areas, NATO was unable to strike with full force. By August 2011, however, the opposition forces were strong enough to seize Tripoli and within two months had taken control of the entire country. On October 23, 2011, 233 days after Operation Unified Protector had begun, the NATO North Atlantic Council declared its mission was complete.<ref name="James Stavridis 2012"/>

In February 2012, Daalder and Admiral [[James Stavridis]], the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, wrote their own verdict on the operation in the journal ''Foreign Affairs'': "NATO's operation in Libya has rightly been hailed as a model intervention. The alliance responded rapidly to a deteriorating situation that threatened hundreds of thousands of civilians rebelling against an oppressive regime. It succeeded in protecting those civilians and, ultimately, in providing the time and space for local forces to to overthrow Muammar Gaddafi. And it did so by involving partners in the region and sharing the burden among the alliance's partners." <ref name="James Stavridis 2012"/>

==Books==
* [http://www.intheshadowoftheovaloffice.com ''In the Shadow of the Oval Office: Portraits of the National Security Advisers and the Presidents they Serve—From JFK to George W. Bush''], with I.M. Destler. (Simon & Schuster, 2009).
* [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2007/beyondpreemption.aspx ''Beyond Preemption: Force and Legitimacy in a Changing World''] (edited, 2007).
* [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2006/crescentofcrisis.aspx ''The Crescent of Crisis: U.S.-European Strategy for the Greater Middle East''], co-edited with Nicole Gnesotto and Phil Gordon (2006).
* [http://www.amazon.com/America-Unbound-Revolution-Foreign-Policy/dp/0815716885 ''America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy''], with [[James M. Lindsay]] (2003). Winner of 2003 Lionel Gelber Prize. Revised and updated edition published by John Wiley & Sons in 2005. Translated into Chinese, Dutch, Korean, Italian and Polish.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2003/protectingtheamericanhomelandoneyearon.aspx ''Protecting the American Homeland: One Year on''], with [[Michael O'Hanlon]] (editor), I. M. Destler, David L. Gunter, Robert Litan, [[Peter Orszag]], and James Steinberg (2003).
* [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2002/protecting_the_american_homeland.aspx ''Protecting the American Homeland: A Preliminary Analysis''], with [[Michael O'Hanlon]] (editor), I. M. Destler, David L. Gunter, Robert Litan, [[Peter Orszag]], and James Steinberg (2002).
* [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2000/winning_ugly.aspx ''Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo''], with Michael E. O'Hanlon (2000).
* [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2000/dayton.aspx ''Getting to Dayton: The Making of America's Bosnia Policy''] (2000).

==Newspaper articles==
* [http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/07/24/americas_new_global_challenge/ "America's new global challenge"], with Anne-Marie Slaughter ''[[Boston Globe]]'', July 24, 2008.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/27/AR2008062703099.html "Talking to Iran Is Our Best Option"], with Philip Gordon ''[[The Washington Post]]'', June 29, 2008.
* [http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/05/13/the_united_nations_can_save_burma/ "The United Nations Can Save Burma"], with Paul Stares ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' and ''[[Boston Globe]]'', May 13, 2008.
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/04/08/opinion/eddaalder.php "NATO: A Mockery of Enlargement"], with James Goldgeier, ''International Herald Tribune'', April 8, 2008.
* [http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/03/29/through_iraq_a_path_to_the_presidency/ "Presidential Politics Can Help Iraq Policy"], with Philip Gordon, ''Boston Globe'', March 29, 2008.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2007/1208_iraq_daalder.aspx "Iraq After the Surge"] ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', December 8, 2007.
*[http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2007/10/05/a_nuclear_free_world/ "A Nuclear-Free World"], with John Holum, ''Boston Globe'', October 5, 2007.
* [http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto081220071448438697 "Nuclear Weapons in the Age of al-Qaeda"], with Jeffrey Lewis, ''[[Financial Times]]'', August 13, 2007.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/05/AR2007080501056.html "The Next Intervention: Legitimacy Matters"], with Robert Kagan, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', August 6, 2007.
* [http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto121420061402338283 "U.S. and Europe Must Learn About Alliances"], with James Goldgeier, ''Financial Times'', December 14, 2006.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2006/1127globalgovernance_daalder02.aspx "Global Challenges for NATO"], with James Goldgeier, ''[[El País]]'', November 27, 2006.
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/10/12/opinion/eddaalder.php "NATO: For Global Security, Expand the Alliance"], with James Goldgeier, ''International Herald Tribune'', October 12, 2006.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2006/0906terrorism_daalder.aspx "Five Years After 9/11 – A Balance Sheet"], ''NRC Handelsblad'', September 6, 2006.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2006/0421iran_daalder.aspx "Is War With Iran Inevitable?"], ''NRC Handelsblad'', April 21, 2006.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/09/AR2006030901478.html "Still Time for a Good Deal With India"], with Michael Levi, ''Washington Post'', March 10, 2006.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/interviews/2006/0302iraq_daalder.aspx "Face-to-Face: The Recent Spike of Violence in Iraq"], ''[[Washington Examiner]]'', March 2, 2006.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2006/0117diplomacy_daalder.aspx?rssid=north%20korea "The Limits of Rice's Diplomacy"], ''NRC Handelsblad'', January 17, 2006.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/21/AR2006012100098.html "We Should Strike Iran, But Not With Bombs"], with Philip Gordon, ''Washington Post'', January 22, 2006.

==Other publications==
*"NATO's Victory in Libya- the Right Way to Run an Intervention." ''Foreign Affairs'', March–April 2012.
* [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20090101faessay88108/ivo-h-daalder-i-m-destler/in-the-shadow-of-the-oval-office.html "In the Shadow of the Oval Office: The Next National Security Adviser"], with I. M. Destler, ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', January/February 2009, pp. 114–29.
* [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20081001faessay87606/ivo-daalder-jan-lodal/nuclear-policy-and-the-next-administration.html "The Logic of Zero"], with Jan Lodal, ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', November/December 2008, pp. 80–95.
* "America and the Use of Force: Sources of Legitimacy", with [[Robert Kagan]], in Chollet, Lindberg and Shorr (eds). [http://www.routledge.com/9780415962278 ''Bridging the Foreign Policy Divide''], 2008.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2007/fall_iraq_daalder.aspx "Restore Trust in America's Leadership"], with [[James M. Lindsay]], [http://www.democracyjournal.org/ ''Democracy: A Journal of Ideas''], Fall 2007.
* [http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2007/0616iraq_daalder.aspx "Coping with Failure in Iraq"], ''[[Vrij Nederland]]'', June 16, 2007.
* (With [[James M. Lindsay]]) "Democracies of the World, Unite: The Debate Continues", ''The American Interest'', Vol. II, No. 4 (March/April 2007), pp. 137–139
* [http://www.the-american-interest.com/ai2/article.cfm?Id=220&MId=8 "Democracies of the World, Unite"], with [[James M. Lindsay]], ''[[The American Interest]]'', January/February 2007.
* "Renewing the Nuclear Bargain", with Michael H. Fuchs and Morton H. Halperin, in Halperin, Laurenti, Rundlet and Boyer (eds) [http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2007/powerandsuperpower.aspx?more=toc ''Power and Superpower: Global Leadership and Exceptionalism in the 21st Century''], 2007.
* [http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060901faessay85509/ivo-daalder-james-goldgeier/global-nato.html "Global NATO"], with James Goldgeier, ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'', September/October 2006, pp. 105–113.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://nato.usmission.gov/mission/ambassador.html Ambassador Daalder's biography on home page of U.S. Mission to NATO]
* [http://www.brookings.edu/experts/d/daalderi.aspx/ Dr. Daalder bio at The Brookings Institution].
* [http://www.americanprogress.org/experts/DaalderIvo.html Ivo H. Daalder] Bio at [[John Podesta]]'s [[Center for American Progress]]

{{USNATOambassadors}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=7466839}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME =Daalder, Ivo H.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American diplomat
| DATE OF BIRTH =March 2, 1960
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[The Hague]], Netherlands
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Daalder, Ivo H.}}
[[Category:American political scientists]]
[[Category:International relations scholars]]
[[Category:American academics]]
[[Category:American civil servants]]
[[Category:Political science writers]]
[[Category:Political science educators]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dutch academics]]
[[Category:People from The Hague]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Dutch Jews]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Kent]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Fellows]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Clinton Administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama Administration personnel]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of the United States to NATO]]

Charles Crookham

2013-02-15T12:40:02Z

RogDel: Cleanup: dates: vital, box

{{Infobox Politician
| name = Charles S. Crookham
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = March 17, 1923
| birth_place = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|10|7|1923|3|17}}
| death_place = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| office = [[Oregon Attorney General]]
| term_start = January 2, 1992
| term_end = January 3, 1993
| predecessor = [[David B. Frohnmayer]]
| successor = [[Ted Kulongoski]]
| constituency =
| office2 = Presiding Judge Oregon Circuit Court
| term_start2 = 1978
| term_end2 = 1986
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency2 =
| office3 = Judge, Oregon Circuit Court
| term_start3 = 1963
| term_end3 = 1988
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency3 =
| party = [[Republican Party (U.S.)|Republican]]
| religion = [[Presbyterian]]
| occupation = [[Lawyer|Attorney]], [[Judge]]
| majority =
| relations =
| spouse = Elizabeth Pruden Kelley
| children = 3
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Charles Sewell Crookham''' (March 17, 1923 – October 7, 2004), a native and lifelong resident of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Oregon]], was a lawyer, a [[Republican Party (U.S.)|Republican]] politician, jurist, and military historian.<ref name=marquis>"Charles Sewell Crookham." (HTML) [http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC] ''Marquis Who's WhoTM'' Marquis Who's Who, 2006. Reproduced in ''Biography Resource Center.'' Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2006, as Document Number: K2016431682. Retrieved: December 8, 2006.</ref><ref name="obb_profile">{{Cite news|url=http://www.osbar.org/publications/bulletin/04dec/heritage.html|title=Living History: Charles S. Crookham (1923-2004)|accessdate=2006-12-09|publisher=Oregon State Bar Association|date=December, 2004|first=Berkeley|last= Crookham|work=[[Oregon State Bar Bulletin]]}}</ref> He was briefly [[Oregon Attorney General]], appointed to serve out [[David B. Frohnmayer|David Frohnmayer's]] uncompleted term,<ref name="hortsch_921224">{{cite news | last = Hortsch | first = Dan | title = Oregon government gets ready to roll | work = The Oregonian | pages = B8 | date = 1992-12-24}}</ref> but most of his professional career was spent in the private practice of law and as a judge.

==Early life==

Crookham was born on St. Patrick's Day in 1923 in Portland, Oregon. He was the son of Kenneth Crookham, who worked for an automobile dealership at the time, and who later went into the business himself. He grew up in the family home on Northeast 38th Street, attending neighborhood schools.<ref name=1930census>''Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930.'' (Microfilm record) United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, Portland, Multnomah, Oregon; roll 1953; page 4A; E.D. 397; image: 71.0.</ref><ref name="franzen_041013">{{cite news | last = Franzen | first = Robin | title = Longtime judge Charles S. Crookham dies at age 81 | work = The Oregonian | pages = D8 | publisher = Portland, Oregon: Oregonian Publishing Company}}</ref> He had already decided on a career in law at the age of eight, at the urging of an uncle.<ref name="obb_profile">{{Cite news|url=http://www.osbar.org/publications/bulletin/04dec/heritage.html|title=Living History: Charles S. Crookham (1923-2004)|accessdate=2006-12-09|publisher=Oregon State Bar Association|date=December, 2004|first=Berkeley|last= Crookham|work=Oregon State Bar Bulletin}}</ref><ref name="franzen_041013"/>

He earned his high school diploma at [[Grant High School (Oregon)|Grant High School]], then attended [[Oregon State University]], [[Loyola Marymount University|Loyola College of Los Angeles]], and [[Multnomah College]], before graduating [[Stanford University]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], and earning a [[Juris Doctor|JD]] from [[Lewis & Clark Law School|Northwestern School of Law]] (now a part of [[Lewis & Clark College]]).<ref name="marquis"/><ref name="obb_profile"/><ref name="franzen_041013"/>

While in college, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor prompted his enlistment in the [[United States Army]], and during his [[World War II]] service he saw combat in [[Europe]] earning a Bronze Star. He remained active in the [[United States Army Reserve|Army Reserve]] after the war's conclusion, rising to the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]].<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

==Career==
===State court judge===
Crookham's early career was as a trial attorney, earning a reputation as a premier appellate lawyer. He was first appointed to the bench by Oregon Governor [[Mark O. Hatfield]] in 1962, serving as a judge from 1963 to 1988, and as presiding judge between 1978 and 1985.<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

As presiding judge, he was often seen carrying case files, insisting on reading each one in its entirety before assignment to a trial judge. Known for being serious about the law and his work, but not about himself, he also had a lighter side. He once held a mock funeral service at the courthouse for [[Roman numerals]], retiring them from use in state [[pleadings]].<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

"He loved lawyers, and he loved practicing the law, and it showed every day," recalled [[Clackamas County, Oregon]] [[District Attorney]] John Foote to a journalist. Foote had been a young clerk for Crookham as presiding judge. "He taught me how to be a lawyer," Foote is quoted as saying.<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

Appearances in Crookham's court were "short and sweet," according to a quotation in the press by Timothy Wood of the [[Oregon Department of Justice]], who had argued at trial before the judge. Crookham didn't cut the lawyers' arguments short out of impatience or rudeness, but because he had already studied the issues so thoroughly. "He told one lawyer, 'Keep on talking, and you'll still lose this,' " Wood said.<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

===Attorney General===

In January, 1992, Crookham became [[Oregon Attorney General]], appointed by the Governor, [[Barbara Roberts]] to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of [[David B. Frohnmayer]] who left to become [[University of Oregon|University of Oregon's]] law school [[Dean (education)|dean]]. Within the month, he announced that he would not seek election to retain the post beyond the unexpired term of his appointment.<ref name="mccarthy920130">{{cite news | last = McCarthy | first = Nancy | title = Attorney General Crookham won't run | work = The Oregonian | pages = C1 | publisher = Portland, Oregon: Oregonian Publishing Company | date = 1992-01-30}}</ref>

His decision left the field wide open for candidates, and a hotly contested race resulted in both the [[Republican Party of Oregon|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party of Oregon]] [[primary election|primaries]] that year. Craig Berkman, Oregon Republican chairman at the time, was reported to be disappointed at Crookham's decision not to run. "Frankly, this makes it very difficult for the Republican Party," Berkman is quoted as saying. "I think he would have made an excellent candidate, but I can hardly blame him for not wanting to commit to an office that he would be in until at least age 73."<ref name="mccarthy920130"/>

==Personal==
Crookham, who generally sported a bow tie, was also a master chef with a flair for barbecue, longtime friend U.S. District Judge Robert E. Jones said in an interview shortly after Crookham's death, adding that he insisted on being called Charles and was never "Charlie" or "Chuck." "He had a regal aura about him," Jones said, "without being pretentious.<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

He was also an avid reader throughout his life. Even in the last days of his life, when macular degeneration had ravaged his vision, he devoured books with the help of his brother, Robert. "In the last couple of years, they read over 40 novels," his son, Whitney, told a reporter. "If my dad was at the beach for the weekend, my uncle would call and read to him over the phone."<ref name="franzen_041013"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}

{{succession box|title=[[Oregon Attorney General]]|before=[[David B. Frohnmayer]]|after=[[Ted Kulongoski]]|years=1992–1993}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Crookham, Charles
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American judge
| DATE OF BIRTH =March 17, 1923
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| DATE OF DEATH =October 7, 2004
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]], [[United States|U.S.]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crookham, Charles}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Lewis & Clark Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Oregon Attorneys General]]
[[Category:Oregon State University alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Oregon state court judges]]
[[Category:Law school deans]]
[[Category:Portland, Oregon Republicans]]
[[Category:Grant High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni]]

Samira Bellil

2013-02-10T11:20:20Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash

[[File:Samira Bellil.jpg|thumb|Samira Bellil]]
'''Samira Bellil''' (November 24, 1972 – September 7, 2004) was a [[Feminism in France|French feminist]] activist and a campaigner for the rights of girls and women.

Bellil became famous in France with the publication of her [[autobiography|autobiographical]] book ''[[Dans l'enfer des tournantes]]'' ('In the hell of the "tournantes" (gang-rapes)) in 2002. The book discusses the violence she and other young women endured in the predominantly Muslim immigrant outskirts of [[Paris]], where she was repeatedly [[Rape#Gang rape|gang-raped]] as a teenager by gangs led by people she knew, and then abandoned by her family and friends. Her book is a portrayal of the predicament of young girls in the poor, outlying [[suburb]]s (''[[banlieue]]'') of French cities.

The book is available in American-English (translated by Lucy R. McNair) as "To Hell and back" with the subtitle "The Life of Samira Bellil".

== Life ==

Bellil was born to [[Algeria]]n parents in [[Algiers]], but her family migrated to [[France]] and settled in the [[Paris]]ian suburb of [[Val-d'Oise]]. Her father was jailed almost immediately and she was fostered by a family in [[Belgium]] for five years, before being called back to her parents.<ref name = "guard"/>

As a teenager Bellil rebelled against the [[gender roles in Islam|traditional constraints of her community]] and wanted to live freely as a young French woman.<ref name = "guard"/>

Samira was first gang-raped when she was 14, by a gang led by someone she knew.<ref name = "guard"/> They beat her viciously and raped her all night. A month later, one of the most violent attackers in the gang followed her and dragged her off a train by her hair, while other passengers looked the other way. She was then brutally raped by him again.<ref name = "guard"/>

She did not report her rapes until two friends told her that the same gang had sexually assaulted them too. Samira decided to appeal to the [[French legal system]] to prosecute her attackers. In the end, the ring leader of the gang was sentenced to eight years in prison.<ref name = "guard"/>

Bellil's parents, who believed they were shamed by her presence, expelled her from her house.<ref name = "guard">[http://books.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,11617,1303227,00.html The Guardian, Obituary].</ref> "People outside the community don't know," Bellil has written. "And everyone in the community knows, but they won't say anything." {{Fact|date=February 2007}}

Eventually, she found a psychologist who helped her. She had years of therapy, and describes how she decided to write her book to show other young women gang-rape victims that there was a way out. "It's long and it's difficult, but it's possible," she wrote in the dedication - to "my sisters in trouble". She used her real name and put her photo on the cover. She dedicated the book to her "girlfriends, so that they realize that one can overcome the traumatic" and to [[Boris Cyrulnik]], her therapist.

She later became a youth worker. She died on 7 September 2004 of [[stomach cancer]] in [[Paris]]. She was 31.<ref name = "guard"/>

==''Ni Putes Ni Soumises'' ==
Bellil helped found a young women's activist group called [[Ni Putes Ni Soumises]] ("Neither whores nor submissives") which has publicly addressed the issue of violence against young women in France. The group drew the attention of the French and European press as they organized marches and press conferences to bring attention to the tragic events happening to young women in the Islamic neighborhoods of France. She denounced the gang-rapes (known as [[:fr:viol en réunion#Le phénomène dit des « tournantes »|''tournantes'']], or "pass-arounds") and described how she overcame both her traumatic experiences and the need for revenge.

In part due to Bellil's book and the activism of Ni Putes Ni Soumises, the French government and the mayor's office in Paris began investigating the problem of violence against young women in French Muslim communities.

==Official recognitions==


She was chosen as one of the new [[Marianne]]s, the new faces of France. Her portrait has hung outside the [[French National Assembly]].

In 2005 a French school in l’Île-Saint-Denis was named in her honor: [http://idf.lesverts.fr/article.php3?id_article=167 Ecole Samira Bellil].

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Additional sources ==
*[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/05/13/60minutes/main617270.shtml CBS News: Article on Samira Bellil]
*[http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2002/1202/crime/bellil.htm Time Magazine: Sisters In Hell]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,482120,00.html The Guardian: Gang rape on rise among French youth]
*[http://www.hvk.org/articles/0303/115.html Reuters: Girls terrorized in France’s macho ghettos]
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,11617,1303227,00.html The Guardian: Article on Samira Bellil]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/audiovideo/programmes/crossing_continents/europe/1456204.stm BBC News: France in shock over gang rape]
* [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,4718201%255E21207,00.html The Australian: Tournantes in Australia]
*[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/07/13/1026185124700.html Sydney Morning Herald: Muslim gang rapes in Sydney Australia]
*[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0405/24/i_ins.00.html CNN Transcript: Muslim Women Rebel In France]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200209/s677752.htm ABC News: Paris gang rape trial begins]
*[http://print.signandsight.com/features/288.html Book review Neither whores nor submissives and In gang-rape hell]
*[http://www.mariebrenner.com/articles/daughters/daughters.html Vanity Fair: Daughters of France, Daughters of Allah]
*[http://menewsie.3.forumer.com/index.php?act=ST&f=2&t=151 Newsweek: Sexism in the cités]
*[http://jarrarsupariver.blogspot.com/2006/09/remembering-samira-bellil.html IBC: Remembering Samira Bellil]

=== Studies on the Phenomena of Tournantes===
*[http://www.racismeantiblanc.bizland.com/silenceselectif/bid18.htm Tournantes Documented cases in Paris In French]
*[http://racismeantiblanc.bizland.com/trntalb.zip "Tournantes : un phénomène international" French study on the tournante phenomenon in several countries, zipped pdf file]
*[http://www.expatica.com/source/site_article.asp?channel_id=1&story_id=14870 'No surprise' over group rape findings]

{{Authority control|VIAF=66685178}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Bellil, Samira
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 24, 1972
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = September 7, 2004
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bellil, Samira}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Algerian emigrants to France]]
[[Category:Deaths from stomach cancer]]
[[Category:French activists]]
[[Category:People from Algiers]]
[[Category:French women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Algerian women writers]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in France]]

[[cs:Samira Bellil]]
[[es:Samira Bellil]]
[[eo:Samira Bellil]]
[[fa:سمیرا بلیل]]
[[fr:Samira Bellil]]
[[mzn:سمیرا بلیل]]
[[tr:Samira Bellil]]

Humayun Azad

2013-02-09T05:59:44Z

RogDel: /* External links */ Move "commons link" to top

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Humayun Azad হুমায়ূন আজাদ
| image = Humayun. Azad.jpg
| caption =Humayun Azad
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|04|28|mf=y}}
| birth_place = Rarhi Khal, [[Munshiganj|Munshiganj District]], [[British India]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|08|11|1947|04|28}}
| death_place = [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
| resting_place = Rarhi Khal, Munshiganj, Bangladesh
| occupation = [[Author]], [[scholar]], [[columnist]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Dhaka]] [[University of Edinburgh]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]) [[PhD]] ([[linguistics]])
| nationality = [[Bangladesh]]i
| awards = [[Bangla Academy Award]] [[Ekushey Padak]]
| influences = [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Gustave Flaubert]]
}}

'''Humayun Azad''' ({{lang-bn|হুমায়ূন আজাদ}}; 28 April 1947 – 11 August 2004) was a [[Bangladesh]]i [[author]] and [[scholar]]. He wrote more than seventy titles. He was widely known{{by whom|date=December 2011}} for his anti-establishment, anti-religion and anti-military voice and was reputed{{by whom|date=December 2011}} for caustic remarks. In 2012, the [[Government of Bangladesh]] honored him with [[Ekushey Padak]] posthumously.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ns.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=218631&hb=1 |title=15 personalities receive Ekushey Padak |publisher=Ns.bdnews24.com |date= |accessdate=2012-02-20}}</ref>

== Professional and literary life ==
Azad was born in the village of Rarhikhal, [[Munshiganj]] district. He earned [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] degree in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language and literature from [[University of Dhaka]]. He obtained his PhD in [[linguistics]] from the [[University of Edinburgh]] in 1976. He later served as a faculty member of the department of Bengali language and literature at the [[University of Dhaka]]. His early career produced works on Bengali linguistics, notably [[syntax]]. He was regarded{{by whom|date=December 2011}} as a leading linguist of the Bengali language.

Towards the end of 1980s, he started to write newspaper column focusing on contemporary socio-political issues. His commentaries continued throughout the 1990s and were later published as books as they grew in numbers. Through his writings of 1990s, he established himself as a freethinker and appeared to be an [[agnostic]]. In his works, he openly criticized [[religious extremism]], as well as [[Islam]], the major religion in Bangladesh.

In 1992 Professor Azad published the first comprehensive feminist book in Bengali titled ''Naari'' (''Woman''). Largely akin to ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]] in contents and ideas, ''Naari'' became a best-seller{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} and earned Humayun Azad popularity as an author. In this work Azad painstakingly compiled the feminist ideas of the West that underlie the feminist contributions of the subcontinent's socio-political reformers and drew attention to the anti-women attitude of some acclaimed [[Bengali writers]] including [[Rabindranath Tagore]].{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} The work, critical of the patriarchal and male-chauvinistic attitude of religion towards women, attracted negative reaction from the conservatives. The [[Government of Bangladesh]] banned the book in 1995. The ban was eventually lifted in 2000, following a legal battle that Azad won in the High Court of the country.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}

== Assassination attempt ==
Azad had been fearing for his life ever since excerpts of his new novel, ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' (Pakistan's national anthem; ''Blessed be the Sacred Land'') was first published in ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'''s Eid supplement in 2003. In that write-up, he tried to expose the politics and ideology of Islamic fundamentalists of [[Bangladesh]]. After that book had been published, he started receiving various threats from the fundamentalists. In an email to [[Mukto-mona]], an independent website, where he was then a member, Azad wrote:
{{cquote|1=The Ittefaq published a novel by me named Pak Sar Zamin Shaad Baad in its Eid issue in December 3. It deals with the condition of Bangladesh for the last two years. Now the (religious) fundamentalists are bringing out regular processions against me, demanding exemplary punishment. The attached two files with this letter will help you understand.<ref>[http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/humayun_azad/truncated_life_Dstar.htm Humayun Azad - A Truncated Life by Mustafa Zaman And Ahmede Hussain]</ref><ref>[http://mukto-mona.com/bangla_blog/?p=2121 মুক্তমনা সম্পাদকের স্মৃতিতে হুমায়ুন আজাদ]</ref>}}

On February 27, 2004, he became the victim of a vicious [[assassination]] attempt by assailants near the campus of the [[University of Dhaka]] during the annual [[Bangla Academy]] book fair. A week prior to Dr Azad's assault, [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]], one of the renowned religious leaders of Bangladesh demanded, in the parliament, that Dr Azad's political satire ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' would be banned and demanded the introduction of the Blasphemy Act on the author.<ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm Daily Star Cover Story]</ref>

In 2006 the commander of [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh|Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)]] admitted to the [[Rapid Action Battalion|RAB]] interrogators that his operatives carried out the attacks on writer Humayun Azad and another faculty member of [[Rajshahi University]] in 2004.<ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/06/05/d6060501128.htm Daily Star news: JMB killed Humayun Azad, Rajshahi University teacher Prof Yunus, and another writer in Tangail]</ref> The official position of Azad's attempt of assassination is still unidentified.

== Death ==
On August 11, 2004, Professor Azad was found dead in his apartment in [[Munich]], [[Germany]], where he had arrived a week earlier to conduct research on the nineteenth century German romantic poet [[Heinrich Heine]]. His family demanded an investigation, alleging that the extremists who had attempted the earlier assassination had a role in this death.<ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=101061 Proper probe into death of Humayun Azad demanded, ''Daily Star'', August 12, 2009]</ref> He was buried in Rarhikhal, his village home in Bangladesh.

== Literary achievements ==
{{peacock|section|date =December 2011}}
The literary career of Humayun Azad started with poetry. However, his poems did not show any notable poetic fervour. On the other hand his literary essays, particularly those based on original research, carried significant value.

He earned a formidable reputation as a newspaper columnist towards the end of 1980s. His articles were merciless attacks on social and political injustice, hypocrisy and corruption. He was uncowed in protesting military rule. His collected his critical remarks in a book styled ''Humayun Azader Probochonguccho'' which is apparently an influence of [[Gustave Flaubert]]'s ''[[Dictionary of Received Ideas]]'' .

Publication of ''Naari'', a feminist work, earned him general popularity and paved way for establishing himself in the literary world of [[Bangladesh]]. He started to write novels in 1990s which sold well{{says who|date=December 2011}}. Azad's writings indicate his distaste for corrupt politicians, abusive military rulers and fundamentalist Islam.

Nevertheless, his prose shows a well-knit and compact style of his own. His formation of a sentence, choice of words and syntax are very characteristic of him. Although he often fell victim to the temptation of using fiction as a vehicle of conspicuous political and philosophical message, he distinguished himself with his unique style and diction.

=== Awards ===
* [[Bangla Academy Award]]
* [[Ekushey Padak]]

== Quotations ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2012}}
* "Knowledge never springs from faith. It springs from doubt."
* "Nothing is more pleasurable than power."
* "I didn't find more than five Bengalies, namely, Professor [[Abdur Razzaq (Professor)|Abdur Razzaq]], [[Ahmed Sharif]], Shawkat Osman, poet [[Shamsur Rahman]] and painter [[Quamrul Hassan]] who deserved to be interviewed by me".
* "I have never referred [[Sheikh Mujib]] as ''Bangabandhu''. I have no idol."
* "Bengali [[Muslim|Mussalmans]] are a bizarre nation. Dictators can spell them with wonders."
* "The sublime constitution of Bangladesh was slaughtered within one hour" (referring to the enactment of the 4th Amendment of the [[Bangladesh Constitution]] by the Parliament under the leadership of Sheikh Mujib, on 25 January 1975.
* "Not a single atheist is corrupt, but all religious men are corrupt".
* "President [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad|Ershad]] added many new dimensions to military dictatorship ; He made military dictatorship multi-dimensional".
* “The concept of (Father of the Nation) is objectionable to me (referring to Sheikh Mujib being called the Father of the Nation of Bangladesh established in 1971).

== Bibliography ==
=== Poetry ===
* ''Aloukik Ishtimar'' (অলৌকিক ইষ্টিমার) (1973)
* ''Jolo Chitabagh'' (জ্বলো চিতাবাঘ) (1980)
* ''Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe'' (সব কিছু নষ্টদের অধিকারে যাবে) (1985)
* ''Jotoi Gobhire Jai Modhu Jotoi Uporay Jai Neel'' (যতোই গভীরে যাই মধু যতোই ওপরে যাই নীল) (1987)
* ''Ami Bachay Chilam Onnoder Shomoy'' (আমি বেঁচেছিলাম অন্যদের সময়ে) (1990)
* ''Humayun Azader Shreshtho Kobita'' (হুমায়ূন আজাদের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা) (1993)
* ''Adhunik Bangla Kobita'' (আধুনিক বাংলা কবিতা) (1994)
* ''Kafone Mora Osrubindu'' (কাফনে মোড়া অশ্রুবিন্দু) (1998)
*'' Kabya Shonggroho'' (কাব্য সংগ্রহ) (1998)
* ''Chosha boi ''(1999)

=== Fictions ===
* ''Chappanno Hazar Borgomile'' (1994)  {{oclc|60043495}}
* ''Shob Kichu Bhenge Pore'' (1995)
* ''Manush Hishbe Amar Oporadhshomuho'' (1996)
* ''Jadukorer Mrittu ''(1996)
* ''Shuvobroto, Tar Shomporkito Shushomacher'' (1997)
* ''Rajnitibidgon ''(1998)
* ''Kobi Othoba Dondito Aupurush'' (1999)
* ''Nijer Shongge Nijer Jiboner Modhu'' (2000)
* ''Fali Fali Ko're Kata Chand'' (2001)
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Ak'' (Collection of Novels, Vol.1) (2001)
* ''Sraboner Brishtite Roktojoba'' (2002)
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Dui'' (Collection of Novels, Vol.2) (2001)
* ''Dosh Hazar Abong Aro Akti Dhorshon'' (2003)
* ''Pak Sar Jamin Saad Baad ''(2003) ISBN 984-401-769-6
* ''Ekti Khuner svapna ''(2004)

=== Criticism ===
* ''Rabindraprobondho/Rashtro O Shomajchinta ''(1973)
* ''Shamsur Rahman/Nishshonggo Sherpa'' (1983)
* ''Shilpokolar Bimanikikoron O Onnanno Probondho'' (1988)
*'' Bhasha-Andolon:Shahittik Potobhumi ''(1990)
* ''Naari ''(1992) (banned between November 19, 1995 and March 7, 2000)
* ''Protikkriashilotar Dirgho Chayar Niche ''(1992)
* ''Nibir Nilima'' (1992)
* ''Matal Torony'' (1992)
* ''Norokay Anonto Hritu'' (1992)
* ''Jolpai Ronger Andhokar'' (1992)
* ''Shimaboddhotar Shutro'' (1993)
* ''Adhar O Adhayo'' (1993)
* ''Amar Abishshash'' (1997)
* ''Parbotto Chattagram:Shobuj Paharer Bhetor Diye Probahito Hingshar Jhornadhara'' (1997)
*'' Nirbachito Probondho ''(1999)
*'' Mohabishsho ''(2000)
* ''Ditio Lingo'' (translation of ''[[The Second Sex]]'' Simone The Bevour) (2001)
* ''Amra Ki Ai Bangladesh Cheyechilam'' (2003)
*''Amar Notun Jonmo'' (2005) ISBN 984-401-839-0

=== Linguistics ===
* ''Pronominalization in Bengali'' (1983)
* ''Bangla Bhashar Shotrumitro'' (1983)
* ''Bakkototto'' (1994)
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol.1 (1984)
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol.2 (1985)
* ''Tulonamulok O Oitihashik Bhashabiggan'' (1988)
* ''Arthobiggan'' (1999)

=== Teenage literature ===
* ''Lal Neel Dipaboli Ba Bangla Shahitter Jiboni''
* ''Fuler Gondhe Ghum Ashena'' (1985)
* ''Koto Nodi Shorobor Ba Bangla Bhashar Jiboni'' (1987)ISBN 984-401-017-9
* ''Abbuke Mone Pore'' (1989)ISBN 984-401-555-3
* ''Bukpokete Jonakipoka'' (1993)
* ''Amader Shohoray Akdol Debdut ''( 1996)
* ''Andhokaray Gondhoraj'' (2003)

=== Others ===
* ''Humayun Azader Probochonguccho'' (1992)
*'' Shakkhatkar ''(1994)
* ''Attotayider Shonge Kothopokothon'' (1995)
* ''Bohumatrik Jotirmoy'' (1997)
* ''Rabindranath Thakurer Prothom Kobita'' ( 1997)
* ''Our Beautiful Bangladesh''(2004)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category|Humayun Azad}}
*[http://www.bangladeshinovels.com/Humayun_Azad.htm A Critique on His Novels]
*[http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm Zaman, Mustafa and Hussain, Ahmede (1 September 2004) "Humayun Azad: A Truncated Life" ''Star Weekend Magazine'' 4(11): p.1, The Daily Star, Dhaka] also at [http://web.archive.org/web/20040907033325/http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm Internet Archive];
*[http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA130022004?open&of=ENG-BGD Amnesty International's statement on the assassination attempt on Dr. Humayun Azad];
*[http://www.bangladeshinovels.com/Humayun_Azad.pdf A Bangla-language Critique on Humayun Azad]
*[http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/humayun_azad/Dharmanubhutir_Upakatha.pdf Dharmanubhutir Upakatha (A tale of religious sensitivity) - A Bangla article of Dr. Humayun Azad]

{{Authority control|VIAF=118156608}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Azad, Humayun
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 28, 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Rarhi Khal, [[Dhaka]] [[Bangladesh]]
| DATE OF DEATH = August 11, 2004
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Munich]], [[Germany]].
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azad, Humayun}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi writers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi linguists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi secularists]]
[[Category:Bengali literature]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka faculty]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak (Bangladesh)]]

[[bn:হুমায়ুন আজাদ]]
[[fr:Humayun Azad]]
[[hi:हुमायुन आजाद]]

Genevieve Bell

2013-01-29T10:17:22Z

RogDel: add {{commons category}} & image

{{Infobox person
|name= Genevieve Bell
|image= Genevieve Bell.jpg
|image_size=
|caption=
|birth_date=
|birth_place= [[Sydney]]
|death_date=
|death_place=
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|occupation= Anthropologist
|religion=
|alma_mater=[[Bryn Mawr College]] [[Stanford University]]
|spouse=
}}
'''Genevieve Bell''' is an [[Australian]] anthropologist and researcher. Born in [[Sydney]], she is the director of [[Intel Corporation]]'s Interaction and Experience Research and was the 15th [[Thinker in Residence]] in South Australia. In 2010, Bell was named as one of the top 25 women in technology to watch by AlwaysOn.<ref name="vc">{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2010/07/xx_yy_silicon_forest_week_in_r_16.html|title=More VC fuel for Oregon, Rainn Wilson shoots back: Silicon Forest week in review|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|date=July 30, 2010|work=[[The Oregonian]]|publisher=OregonLive.com|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref> In 2012, Bell was inducted to the [[Women In Technology International]] Hall of Fame.<ref name="witi">{{cite news|url=http://www.witi.com/center/aboutwiti/press/2012/05-15.php|title=WITI Announces 2012 Hall of Fame Award Honorees: Dr. Genevieve Bell; Dr. Jane Lubchenco; Dr. Joanne Martin; Ms. Gwynne Shotwell|date=May 15, 2012}}</ref>

==Early life==
Genevieve Bell was born in Sydney and raised in a range of Australian communities, including [[Melbourne]], [[Canberra]], and in the [[Northern Territory]].<ref name="intel fellow">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/gbell.htm|title=Genevieve Bell|work=Intel Fellow|publisher=Intel|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="fast">{{cite web|url=http://www.fastcompany.com/100/2009/genevieve-bell|title=45 Genevieve Bell|last=McGirt|first=Ellen|work=100 Most Creative People in Business|publisher=Fast Company|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref> For college she moved to the United States where she attended [[Bryn Mawr College]] in the [[Philadelphia]] area.<ref name="intel fellow"/> Bell graduated from Bryn Mawr in 1990 with a bachelor's degree in anthropology and then went on to attend [[Stanford University]] in [[Palo Alto, California]], for graduate studies.<ref name="intel fellow"/><ref name="fast"/> In 1993, she earned her Master's degree from Stanford, followed by a Doctorate in 1998, both in Anthropology.<ref name="intel fellow"/> She was also a lecturer at Stanford in the anthropology department.<ref name="intel fellow"/>

==Career==
Bell was a researcher at Stanford until she was hired by [[Intel Corporation]] in 1998.<ref name="new research">{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2010/06/intel_makes_anthropologist_gen.html|title=Intel makes anthropologist Genevieve Bell head of new research group|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|date=June 30, 2010|work=[[The Oregonian]]|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="usn">{{cite journal|last=Barnett|first=Megan|date=June 12, 2005|title=Keeping An Eye On You|journal=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/050620/20eespotlight.htm}}</ref> The company named her an Intel Fellow in November 2008 for her work in the Digital Home Group.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2008/11/intel_honors_oregon_researcher.html|title=Intel honors Oregon researchers|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|date=November 10, 2008|work=The Oregonian|publisher=OregonLive.com|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref> She was based at one of the company's campuses in [[Hillsboro, Oregon]], where she worked as a cultural anthropologist studying how different cultures around the globe used technology.<ref name="new research"/><ref name="usn"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/07/13/go.geekness.day/?hpt=Sbin|title=Geeks: Smart, harmless, authentic, exploited?|last=Hoevel|first=Ann|date=July 13, 2010|publisher=CNN|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref> In 2010, Intel made her the director of their new Interaction and Experience Research group.<ref name="new research"/> Also that year, she was named one of the top 25 women in technology to watch by [[AlwaysOn]] and as one of the 100 Most Creative People in Business by Fast Company.<ref name="vc"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aonetwork.com/AOStory/2010-Top-25-Women-Tech-Watch|title=The 2010 Top 25 Women in Tech to Watch|last=Perkins|first=Tony|date=July 29, 2010|publisher=AlwaysOn|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref> Bell is also a [[Thinker in Residence]] for [[South Australia]].<ref name="fast"/>

Her book, "Divining a Digital Future: Mess and Mythology in Ubiquitous Computing," written in collaboration with [[Paul Dourish]], is an exploration of the social and cultural aspects of [[ubiquitous computing]], with a particular focus on the disciplinary and methodological issues that have shaped the ubiquitous computing research agenda. The book was published by [[MIT Press]] in 2011.<ref>[http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=12569 MIT Press page for "Divining a Digital Future."]</ref>

In 2012, Bell was inducted to the [[Women In Technology International]] Hall of Fame.<ref name="witi" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.tgdaily.com/hardware-opinion/50438-genevieve-bell-intel%E2%80%99s-secret-weapon Genevieve Bell: Intel’s Secret Weapon] - ''TG Daily''

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Bell, Genevieve
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[South Australia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bell, Genevieve}}
[[Category:People from Sydney]]
[[Category:People from South Australia]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hillsboro, Oregon]]
[[Category:Intel people]]
[[Category:Anthropologists]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Bryn Mawr College alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ann S. Moore

2013-01-28T11:06:32Z

RogDel: add {{commons category}}

[[File:Ann Moore David Shankbone 2010 NYC.jpg|thumb|Moore at the 2010 [[Time 100]] Gala.]]'''Ann S. Moore''' (born May 29, 1950) was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of [[Time Inc.]]<ref name="time">http://www.timewarner.com/corp/management/executives_by_business/time_inc/bio/moore_ann.html</ref> until the fall of 2010. She became the company's first female CEO when she was appointed to the position in July 2002.<ref>http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_07/b4021034.htm</ref>

==Biography==
Moore was a 1971 graduate of [[Vanderbilt University]] where she received a B.A. in Political Science, and in 1978 she received an MBA from [[Harvard Business School]].<ref>http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/awards/2006/moore.html</ref>

She began her career at Time in 1978 as a financial analyst. She became the publisher of [[Sports Illustrated for Kids]] in 1989 and publisher of ''[[People (magazine)|People Magazine]]'' in 1991. She was named People's president in 1993. In 2001 she became vice-president of Time, Inc. She is a member of the board of directors of [[Avon Products, Inc.]] and she has been on the [[Fortune Magazine]]'s ''50 Most Powerful Women in American Business'' ten times.<ref name="time" /><ref>{{cite news| url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/2008/full_list/ | work=CNN | title=50 Most Powerful Women in Business 2008: Full list- from FORTUNE}}</ref> She also was listed among the 100 Most Powerful Women by [[Forbes]].<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/11/power-women-09_The-100-Most-Powerful-Women_Rank_4.html | title = The 100 Most Powerful Women | publisher = Forbes.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Moore, Ann S.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = May 29, 1950
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =ohio
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Ann S.}}
[[Category:American chief executives]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Vanderbilt University alumni]]
[[Category:American women in business]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:American media executives]]

{{US-CEO-stub}}

Edward Boyden

2013-01-26T10:56:26Z

RogDel: add image

[[File:Ed Boyden.jpg|thumb|Edward "Ed" Boyden]]

'''Edward "Ed" S. Boyden''' is a neuroscientist at [[MIT]]. He is a faculty member in the [[MIT Media Lab]] and an associate member of the [[McGovern Institute for Brain Research]]. He is recognized for his work on [[optogenetics]], a technology that he co-invented with [[Karl Deisseroth]] at Stanford University.<ref>United States Patent Application 20070261127</ref> In this technology, a light-sensitive ion channel such as [[channelrhodopsin-2]] is genetically expressed in neurons, allowing neuronal activity to be controlled by light. Since it was first described in 2005,<ref>Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.Boyden ES, Zhang F, Bamberg E, Nagel G, Deisseroth K. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Sep;8(9):1263-8.</ref> this method has been widely adopted by neuroscientists as a research tool, and it is also thought to have many potential therapeutic applications.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2009/03/neuroengineering1 | work=Wired | title=Rewiring the Brain: Inside the New Science of Neuroengineering | date=March 2, 2009}}</ref> Boyden joined the MIT faculty in 2007, and continues to develop new optogenetic tools as well as other technologies for the manipulation of brain activity.

In 2008 Boyden was named by [[Discover Magazine]] as one of the top 20 scientists under 40.<ref>http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/discover-1113.html</ref> In 2006, he was named to the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Technology Review]] [[TR35]] as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/?year=2006 |title=2006 Young Innovators Under 35 |publisher=[[Technology Review]] | year=2006 | accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://edboyden.org/ Ed Boyden's personal home page]
* [http://www.media.mit.edu/people/esb Boyden lab page at MIT Media Lab]
* [http://web.mit.edu/mcgovern McGovern Institute for Brain Research]
* [http://www.ted.com/talks/ed_boyden.html Ed Boyden: A light switch for neurons] at [[TED (conference)|TED]]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Boyden, Edward
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boyden, Edward}}
[[Category:American neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:TR35 winners]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]

Edward Boyden

2013-01-26T10:55:20Z

RogDel: /* External links */ add {{commons category}}

'''Edward "Ed" S. Boyden''' is a neuroscientist at [[MIT]]. He is a faculty member in the [[MIT Media Lab]] and an associate member of the [[McGovern Institute for Brain Research]]. He is recognized for his work on [[optogenetics]], a technology that he co-invented with [[Karl Deisseroth]] at Stanford University.<ref>United States Patent Application 20070261127</ref> In this technology, a light-sensitive ion channel such as [[channelrhodopsin-2]] is genetically expressed in neurons, allowing neuronal activity to be controlled by light. Since it was first described in 2005,<ref>Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.Boyden ES, Zhang F, Bamberg E, Nagel G, Deisseroth K. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Sep;8(9):1263-8.</ref> this method has been widely adopted by neuroscientists as a research tool, and it is also thought to have many potential therapeutic applications.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2009/03/neuroengineering1 | work=Wired | title=Rewiring the Brain: Inside the New Science of Neuroengineering | date=March 2, 2009}}</ref> Boyden joined the MIT faculty in 2007, and continues to develop new optogenetic tools as well as other technologies for the manipulation of brain activity.

In 2008 Boyden was named by [[Discover Magazine]] as one of the top 20 scientists under 40.<ref>http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/discover-1113.html</ref> In 2006, he was named to the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Technology Review]] [[TR35]] as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/?year=2006 |title=2006 Young Innovators Under 35 |publisher=[[Technology Review]] | year=2006 | accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://edboyden.org/ Ed Boyden's personal home page]
* [http://www.media.mit.edu/people/esb Boyden lab page at MIT Media Lab]
* [http://web.mit.edu/mcgovern McGovern Institute for Brain Research]
* [http://www.ted.com/talks/ed_boyden.html Ed Boyden: A light switch for neurons] at [[TED (conference)|TED]]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Boyden, Edward
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boyden, Edward}}
[[Category:American neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:TR35 winners]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]

Ian Leslie, 21. Earl of Rothes

2013-01-14T00:12:03Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates: remove redundant comma

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{unreferenced|date=April 2009}}
'''Ian Lionel Malcolm Leslie, 21st Earl of Rothes''' (10 May 1932 – 15 April 2005) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] nobleman.

The eldest son of the 20th Earl and Beryl Dugdale, he was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and was a [[Sub-Lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Naval Reserve|Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve]] from 1953. In 1955 he married Marigold Evans-Bevan of Wales, daughter of Sir David Evans-Bevan. They had two sons: James (b. 1958) and Alexander (b. 1962).

His paternal grandmother the [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]] survived the sinking of the [[RMS Titanic]] in 1912.

Lord Rothes died on 15 April 2005, aged 72, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, James.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Hansard-contribs | mr-ian-leslie | the Earl of Rothes }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|sct}}
{{succession box | title=[[Earl of Rothes]] | before=[[Malcolm Leslie, 20th Earl of Rothes|Malcolm George Dyer-Edwardes Leslie]] | after=James Malcolm David Leslie | years=1975–2005}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Leslie, Ian 21st Earl of Rothes
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 10 May 1932
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 15 April 2005
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leslie, Ian 21st Earl of Rothes}}
[[Category:2005 deaths|Rothes, Ian Leslie, 21st Earl of]]
[[Category:1932 births|Rothes, Ian Leslie, 21st Earl of]]
[[Category:Earls of Rothes]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]

{{Scotland-earl-stub}}

Richard Rose (Mystiker)

2013-01-13T01:39:52Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash; remove the redundant space between sections

{{Other people|Richard Rose|Richard Rose (disambiguation)}}

[[Image:Richard Rose 1974.jpg|thumb|right|Richard Rose in 1974]]

'''Richard Rose''' (March 14, 1917 – July 6, 2005) was an American [[mysticism|mystic]], [[esotericism|esoteric]] [[philosophy|philosopher]], author, poet, and investigator of [[paranormal]] phenomena. He published a number of books and spoke widely in universities and other venues across the country during the 1970s and 1980s.

Rose developed a system which he described as the "retreat from untruth," an examination of personal belief systems and lifestyles. In that system one discards what one finds to be false on a case-by-case basis. He believed a spiritual Ultimate [[truth]] exists and can be found for oneself with sufficient application of effort, and recommended [[skepticism|skeptical]] approaches such as his.

He studied human [[psychology]], human weakness and human potential, then wrote challenges to psychology, [[psychiatry]], [[religion]], academia, the legal system, and the [[New Age]] movement. His criticism included issues of [[group-think]], [[dogmatism]], financial motives, emotional appeals, and reliance on questionable authorities.

==Biography==

Richard Rose was born in [[Benwood, West Virginia]], USA. He entered a [[Catholic]] pre-seminary in [[Butler, Pennsylvania]] at age 12. He later recounted his delight at the prospect of living with monks and nuns who he believed had direct connections to God. He became disillusioned though with the teachers and with their insistence that he accept what they taught on blind [[faith]]. He left the seminary at age 17 still looking for God but having decided to do so through [[science]].<ref>Kent, John (1990) pp.1-2</ref> He then studied [[chemistry]] and [[physics]] in college but became disillusioned with the possibility of finding God or Truth through science. He then traveled around the U.S., in a series of jobs such as work on the first [[nuclear submarine]] at Babcock & Wilcox in Alliance, Ohio, on [[streptomycin]] at the National Jewish Medical & Research Center in Denver, and performing [[metallurgy|metallurgical]] testing for [[Martin Aircraft]] in Baltimore.

While living in Baltimore, his older brother James was killed on a [[Merchant Marine]] vessel when it was torpedoed by a German [[U-boat]]. His death provided a huge shock to Rose, who contrasted his brother's selfless attitude to his own spiritual ego.

Rose was working in the spring of 1947 as a waiter at a tennis club in Seattle when he experienced what he described as "God Realization". Several months later, he wrote a description of what had occurred in ''The Three Books of the Absolute''.<ref>Martin (2007) p.82</ref>

A few years later he married and raised a family. He supported the family as a painting contractor and by raising cattle on the family farm. He worked with people who were interested in [[parapsychology|parapsychological]] phenomena such as [[Extra-sensory perception|ESP]] and [[hypnosis]], but said he never come across anyone working to answer questions about the nature of the mind and reality. It was in this period that he compiled his first book, ''The Albigen Papers'' published in 1973, outlining his philosophy.

In 1972 Rose was invited to give a talk at the [[Theosophical Society]] in Pittsburgh. Two students from the [[University of Pittsburgh]] attended, and they were inspired to start a group at the university to apply Rose's teaching. In 1973, Rose and a handful of students set up the TAT Foundation — "a circle of friends with no head" — to promote their efforts to reach out to others. The acronym TAT stood for "Truth and Transmission."<ref>Kent (1990) p.6</ref> The Pittsburgh group spawned groups at other northeastern universities and even a couple of western locations (Denver and Los Angeles). Rose made his farm available for group gatherings and individual retreats, and students built two large buildings for meetings as well as cabins for individual use. The following two decades saw hundreds of people inspired to launch their own spiritual searches.

Rose continued to write and publish while his study groups expanded. His public lectures continued until the early 1990s, when he started to show signs of deterioration from [[Alzheimer's disease]].

==Teachings==

Rose's student David Gold described his work as esoteric <ref>Gold (2002) p.196, 319</ref> and direct.<ref>Gold (2002) p.171</ref> Rose chose not to establish a popular movement of students, instead preferring a [[Wiktionary:sub-rosa|sub-rosa]] network of close students, who then reached out to a larger circle, which included author [[Joseph Chilton Pearce]].

He came from humble roots, then studied as a scientist. His teachings were based on a lifetime of experience and research, and in particular an experience when he was thirty. Joseph Chilton Pearce described him as, "Rose is a no-nonsense [[West Virginia]]n who wants nothing more from life than to somehow pass on the cataclysmic spiritual experience, the [[Enlightenment (spiritual)|Enlightenment]] that blind-sided him when he was a young man."

=== Tenets ===

His student John Kent felt Rose's teachings were difficult to describe, because Rose stressed inner work inherently subjective and intimate to each individual. They were more about pursuing personal insight and introspection than a set of specific techniques.<ref>Kent (1990) p.50</ref> Nonetheless, according to Kent, Rose did formulate a system of teachings based on his study of other traditions and his own insights.<ref>Kent (1990) pp.50-51</ref> Kent summarized the core questions in the teachings as:<ref>Kent (1990) p.54</ref>
# Who am I (ultimately)?
# Where did I come from (before birth)?
# Where am I going (after death)?

Rose recommends a deep investigation of "who" is living and experiencing: clearly defining self and ego.<ref>Kent (1990) pp.54-55</ref> He also insisted that a life of activity is meaningless as long as the identity of the actor is not known. He thought approaching [[spirituality]] as a way to find peace or enhance one's life, which he called "utilitarian," was foolish. Instead he advocated total dedication to a search for truth — in particular concerning self and ego — in spite of the personal consequences.

He used the term "Jacob's Ladder" ([http://www.searchwithin.org/download/jacobs_ladder.jpg image]) as a kind of transpersonal map.<ref>Kent (1990) pp.vi, 24, 32, 42, 254-255</ref> Based on that, he then used the terms "Law of the Ladder"<ref>Kent (1990) pp.121, 140</ref> and "Ladder Work" to describe different levels he observed among those seeking truth. He also believed that one could only effectively help, or be helped by, others who were on the same or adjacent rungs of the ladder. He felt "extra-proportional returns" were realized when a group of people combine their efforts in any endeavor, which he called the "Contractor's Law".<ref>Kent (1990) p.140</ref>

Rose cautioned against postulating what truth — with respect to self and ego, for example — should be and then trying to move toward it. Instead one removes misunderstandings. His working definition of [[truth]] was "a condition from which all untruth has been removed."<ref>Rose (1978) p. 206</ref> He used the phrases "retreat from error"<ref>Kent (1990) p.17</ref> and "reverse vector"<ref>Kent (1990) pp.76, 120</ref> to describe the process of moving away from the most obviously false, what he called "garbage," which would clarify the thinking and intuition to a point where more subtle untruth could be evaluated.<ref>Kent (1990) pp.213, 216</ref><ref>Rose (1982) p.144</ref>

He published ''The Albigen Papers'' in 1973, which he called a guidebook for seekers. His theories about the transmutation of energy from the body through the mind up to what he called the "spiritual quantum,"<ref>Kent (1990) pp.190-191</ref> were published after that and similar to some recent theories describing the mind as a force-field. He produced a pamphlet on a method of meditation involving the dispassionate review of past traumatic events as a way to overcome psychological problems and to understand the ego. His book ''Psychology of the Observer'' encapsulated his views on the structure of mind-processes and what he described as the internal ascent from a personal, conflicted view of the world to a more Universal perspective.

He was a [[hypnotism|hypnotist]], occasionally giving demonstrations, and said that understanding hypnotism was a key to understanding the mechanics of the mind.<ref>Direct Mind Experience, pp. 28-29 and p. 291.</ref><ref>Six unpublished, recorded lectures and demonstrations: 1978, 1980, 1981, 1986, 1988</ref> His criticism of spiritual and New Age movements often included references to their use of self-hypnotic methods.<ref>Kent (1990) p.99</ref><ref>Martin (2007) p.86</ref>

=== Recommended Study ===

His student John Kent described the culmination of Rose's philosophy as corresponding "most closely with the [[nondualism]] of Advaita Vedanta".<ref>Kent (1990) p. 35</ref> But Kent also writes that rather than presenting a concept-structure or a specific practice upon which his teachings could be based Rose instead advocated personal immersion into available methods and religious styles while always applying what he called "respectful doubt."<ref>Kent (1990) p.126</ref> Consequently, his followers obtained an understanding of a wide number of esoteric groups and methods, which they were able to bring back and share among themselves. Rose also believed that progress on one's spiritual path was linked to one's efforts at helping others.

Rose recommended a number of authors to his students and disparaged other authors, based on his research. Those he most highly recommended were Indian guru [[Ramana Maharshi]], Chan master [[Huangbo Xiyun|Huang Po]], Christian mystics [[St. John of the Cross]] and [[Teresa of Avila]], [[George Gurdjieff]], and researchers [[Paul Brunton]] and [[Richard Bucke]]. In ''Albigen Papers'' he described [[H.P. Blavatsky]]'s books as "some of the most valuable a student can own," and in his publication of ''Profound Writings East & West'', called her text ''Book of Golden Precepts'' (also ''Voice of the Silence'') as "a condensed guide to the deepest teachings of mankind." Rose advocated the study of what he called [[Thaumaturgy|thaumaturgical laws]]<ref>I.e., celibacy</ref> as a means to protect oneself from unseen influences, for anyone who would explore the dimensions of consciousness ("the mind dimension"), referring to texts by [[Eliphas Levi]] and others.<ref>Eliphas Levi, Transcendental Magic; Arthur Edward Waite, Ceremonial Magic.</ref><ref>Unpublished lecture at Kent State University on April 12, 1978.</ref>

=== Teaching Style and Methods ===

According to Kent, Rose advocated a very personal commitment similar to [[Gurdjieff]] and he discouraged casual commitment.<ref>Kent, John (1990) p.76</ref> Aspects of his style which discouraged casual commitment included: a [[Zen]]-like method of confrontation, recommending a [[celibate]] lifestyle,<ref>Kent, John (1990) p.174</ref> and strong criticism of what he described as social and political [[sacred cow]]s. In personal interactions he would attempt to dispel illusions and falsehoods that students were hiding from themselves. This sharpness caused his students to call him a [[Zen]] master, even though he was highly critical of mainstream Zen. In fact, the first group established by Rose was called Zen Study Group, in Pittsburgh, reflecting his embrace of Zen methods, and other groups were called Pyramid Zen Society, an admission that those interested in total commitment would be few (the top of the pyramid) as explained in various recorded talks.<ref>Lecture in Columbus, Ohio, April 5, 1977. http://www.searchwithin.org/download/columbus_ohio_lecture.pdf</ref> He felt that requiring students to be determined would produce a more committed group of thinkers and researchers.

Rose gave a series of lectures in the 1970s which outlined his approach to Zen and which incorporated the term Zen in the title: ''The Psychology of Zen''; ''Zen and Common Sense''; ''Zen and Death''; etc. Several of these have been transcribed from the audio tapes and published. He published for limited circulation a paper titled ''The Monitor Papers'' which established rules, guidelines and techniques to be observed during confrontation in the private group meetings where confrontation was permitted.

Rose had a high regard for Alfred Pulyan, a Zen teacher in Connecticut, who gave him a method of [[Dharma transmission|Transmission]] referred to in Zen literature.<ref>Attribution to Zen methods learned from Alfred Pulyan are in unpublished talk in Columbus, Ohio on Oct. 23, 1977. ''Laws, Yardsticks, Exaltations''</ref><ref>Mentioned by Rose occasionally in public and private talks, currently being transcribed. For example: http://www.searchwithin.org/download/columbus_ohio_lecture.pdf Also there is a series of unpublished correspondence between Rose and Pulyan in the possession of the heirs.</ref> Rose wrote a handbook for local group leaders, ''The Monitor Papers'', currently unpublished, giving instructions on how to create ''rapport'', which in his view is a precursor to Transmission, and he published ''Energy Transmutation, Between-ness and Transmission'' in 1975.

Stemming from his investigations into [[Spiritualism]], in his early lectures he often related his findings on paranormal phenomena.<ref>Martin (2007) pp.74-75</ref>

==Influence==

He worked closely with groups, beginning with university students and professional people, mostly in the Northeast (e.g. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts, Maryland, West Virginia). Over time, as the students graduated and entered professional lives, groups were also established in Colorado, California, North Carolina, Florida, and Maine. After he was hospitalized with Alzheimer's in the mid 1990s, many of the organizations failed, but some continued- notably, the Self-Knowledge Symposium at universities in North Carolina.

His followers believe he never pursued widespread popularity.<ref>Gold (2002) p.166</ref> Members of the TAT Foundation, the current umbrella organization, are dispersed geographically. People may attend study groups without becoming actual members of the umbrella group.

==New Vrindaban==

In 1967, Rose attempted to create an [[ashram]] of spiritual seekers on his [[Marshall County, West Virginia]] farm, and composed a letter which was published in the [[San Francisco Oracle]] expressing his desire to try "to form an ashram of sorts here in West Virginia, in the rural section where I own about a half a section. The conception is one of a non-profit, non-interfering, non-denominational, retreat or refuge, where philosophers might come to work communally together, or independently,—where a library and other facilities might be developed.",<ref>Richard Rose, Letter published in The San Francisco Oracle (December 1967)</ref><ref>"McCreary Ridge Hippies Live Quietly in Hills Meditating" (July 13, 1968, Wheeling Intelligencer) http://selfdefinition.org/rose/richard-rose-farm-1968.htm</ref>

Among the seekers who responded to his letter were [[ISKCON|Hare Krishna]] devotees [[Kirtanananda Swami]] (Keith Gordon Ham) and his partner [[Hayagriva Swami|Hayagriva Das]] (Howard Morton Wheeler). The two secured a 99-year lease on Rose's backwoods farm which eventually developed into the sprawling [[New Vrindaban]] Community which eventually included [[Prabhupada's Palace of Gold]], and this community pressed against Rose's farm from all sides.<ref>Hayagriva Das, ''The Hare Krishna Explosion'' (Palace Press, Moundsville, West Virginia: 1985)</ref> When Rose attempted to fight the Krishnas in court and win back his land for non-payment of taxes, there was some talk at the community about "eliminating" him, and a hit man allegedly followed him for a while. Despite his troubles with the Krishnas, Rose reportedly never expressed outright regret over his decision to lease his back farm to them. "In some ways the Krishnites are better to have around than the hillbillies," Rose said once. "At least they don't get drunk and steal the radiators out of your trucks."<ref>Richard Rose, quoted by David Gold, ''After the Absolute'', chapter 16.</ref>

== Publications ==
* ''Albigen Papers'', 1973, 1978 ISBN 1-878683-00-4, ISBN 1-878683-07-1
* ''Energy Transmutation, Between-ness and Transmission'', 1975 ISBN 1-878683-02-0
* ''Psychology of the Observer'', 1979, 2001 ISBN 1-878683-06-3
* ''Meditation'', 1981 Pyramid Press
* ''Carillon: Poems, Essays & Philosophy'', 1982 ISBN 1-878683-03-9
* ''The Direct-Mind Experience'', 1985 ISBN 1-878683-01-2
* ''Profound Writings, East & West'', 1988 ISBN 1-878683-05-5
* "The Three Books of the Absolute" appears in ''The Albigen Papers'' and in ''Profound Writings, East & West''.

==Notes==
{{reflist|4}}

==References==
* ''After the Absolute: Real Life Adventures With a Backwoods Buddha'' by David Gold, 2002 ISBN 0595239943
* ''Richard Rose's Psychology of the Observer: The Path to Reality Through the Self'' by John Kent, PhD, 1990 [http://www.searchwithin.org/johnkent/index.html dissertation]
* ''Peace to the Wanderer: The Philosophy and Friendship of Richard Rose'' by Robert J. Martin, 2007 [http://www.searchwithin.org/download/peace_to_the_wanderer.pdf link opens 324 KB pdf file]

==External links==










* [http://www.tatfoundation.org The TAT Foundation] - Philosophical group established by Richard Rose
* [http://www.richardroseteachings.com Richard Rose Teachings (Rose Publications)] - Official site for his published materials

{{Authority control|VIAF=63432854}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Rose, Richard
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 14, 1917
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Benwood, West Virginia, USA
| DATE OF DEATH = July 6, 2005
| PLACE OF DEATH = Weirton, West Virginia, USA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Richard}}
[[Category:Mystics]]
[[Category:Esotericists]]
[[Category:American spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:American spiritual writers]]
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Marshall County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Writers from West Virginia]]

[[es:Richard Rose (místico)]]

Paul A. Partain

2012-12-27T03:52:21Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash

{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1946|05|03}}
| birth_place = [[Austin, Texas]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|01|27|1946|05|03}}
| death_place = [[Austin, Texas]]
| occupation = Actor
}}
'''Paul A. Partain''' (May 3, 1946 – January 27, 2005) was an [[United States|American]] actor, perhaps best known for his role in ''[[The Texas Chain Saw Massacre]]'' (1974) as the "annoying" handicapped Franklin Hardesty.

Partain was born in [[Austin, Texas]]. He served in the [[United States armed forces]] during the [[Vietnam War]], and on his return to the [[United States|U.S.]], started working at an electronics manufacturing plant during the day, and at a [[dinner theater]] at night. In the fall of 1972, Partain found out he had been laid off from the plant, and while at the theater where he worked, was asked to audition for the part of Willy in the 1974 [[Sidney Lumet]] film ''[[Lovin' Molly]]'', by the theater director there. Through the help of this director, Partain got the role and his acting career was begun.

The director got Partain his next movie role as well, by pointing [[Kim Henkel]], the screenwriter and producer of ''The Texas Chain Saw Massacre'', toward Partain. Partain originally read for the part of the hitchhiker, but the film's director, [[Tobe Hooper]], was not impressed. Hooper had Partain read for Franklin and cast him in that part instead.<ref>Alison Macor. ''Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids 30 Years of Filmmaking in Austin, Texas'' University of Texas Press: Austin, 2010.</ref>

After appearing in two more films in the 1970s (''[[Race with the Devil]]'' (1975) as Cal Mather and ''[[Rolling Thunder (film)|Rolling Thunder]]'' (1977) as the brother-in-law), Partain had stopped acting by 1980. Partain started appearing in movies again in the 1990s, starting with a cameo in ''[[Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation]]'' (1994), the third sequel to the 1974 original. One of his other roles in the 1990s was that of the Militia of Texas Minister in the 1997 movie ''Burying Lana''.

For about 10 years, Partain worked as a Regional Sales Manager for [[Zenith Electronics|Zenith Electronics Corporation]].

Partain died from cancer on January 27, 2005 in Austin, Texas.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* {{imdb name|id=0663935}}
* {{Find a Grave|10417157}}

{{Persondata
|NAME =Partain, Paul
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION =
|DATE OF BIRTH =May 3, 1946
|PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Austin, Texas]]
|DATE OF DEATH =January 27, 2005
|PLACE OF DEATH =[[Austin, Texas]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Partain, Paul}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:People from Austin, Texas]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in Texas]]

[[fr:Paul A. Partain]]
[[it:Paul A. Partain]]
[[pt:Paul A. Partain]]

Charles Lacheroy

2012-11-18T01:36:33Z

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{{orphan|date=February 2010}}

{{Infobox military person
|name=Charles Lacheroy
|image=
|caption=
|birth_date=22 August 1906
|death_date=25 January 2005
|birth_place=[[Chalon-sur-Saône]], France
|death_place=[[Aix-en-Provence]], France
|nickname=
|allegiance=France
|branch=[[French Army]]
|serviceyears=1927–1960
|rank=[[Colonel]]
|unit=
|commands=
|battles=World War II [[First Indochina War]] [[Algerian War]]
|awards=
|relations=
|laterwork=OAS leader
}}
'''Charles Lacheroy''' (22 August 1906 – 25 January 2005) was a [[French Army]] officer, theorist of [[Counter-insurgency]] warfare, and member of the [[Organisation de l'armée secrète]].

==Biography==
Lacheroy was born to a military family. His father was a decorated infantry second lieutenant ([[Legion of Honour]] and [[Croix de guerre]]), killed on 2 August 1916 at [[Fleury-devant-Douaumont|Fleury]], next to [[Douaumont]] fort. Lacheroy was raised by his grandfather, attended the [[Prytanée National Militaire]], and graduated from [[École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr|Saint-Cyr]] in 1927 among the 20 best students of the promotion (promotion "Maroc-Syrie").

Lacheroy chose the [[French Colonial Forces|Colonial infantry]] and obtained a commission as second lieutenant in the 3rd [[Méhariste]] company in Levant at [[Latakia]], where he remained until 1935. Promoted to captain, Lacheroy served as instructor for the air group in [[Rabat]] from 1936. There, he met [[Antoine Argoud]]. Lacheroy married in 1937. From 1941, Lacheroy served in the staff of [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny|General de Lattre de Tassigny]] in Tunisia.

In 1951, he was sent to [[French Indochina]], where he was tasked to protect a railroad to Saigon and secure the sector of [[Bien Hoa]]. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, Lacheroy was transferred to Paris and made director of the Centre d'études asiatiques et africaines (CEAA). There, he developed a theory of [[Counter-insurgency]] warfare, by then known as "psychological action".<ref>Charles Lacheroy, ''De Saint-Cyr à l'action psychologique. Mémoires d'un siècle'', Panazol : Lavauzelle, 2003, 203 p. ISBN 2-7025-0951-7</ref> In 1954, he served as adviser to Defence minister [[Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury]], and Defence minister André Morice in 1956.

In 1958, Lacheroy was dismissed by [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]] and sent to the [[Constantine Province]]. On 13 May, he was made director of information and psychological action servics in Algiers. In December, he gave conferences at the [[École supérieure de guerre]], and later made director of the École supérieure des officiers de réserve spécialistes d'état-major.

In the early 1960s, Lacheroy resigned his commission to organise a [[coup d'état]] against President [[Charles de Gaulle]]. For seven years, he lived underground, along with Antoine Argoud, [[Pierre Lagaillarde]] and Jo Ortiz, and directed the [[Organisation armée secrète|OAS]]. He was sentenced to death ''on abstancia'' in April 1961. Lacheroy was amnestied in 1968. He returned to Paris, where he retired. Charles Lacheroy died on 25 January 2005 in [[Aix-en-Provence]].

== Notes and references ==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/04histoire/articles/articles_rha/nemo.htm Service historique de la défense]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Lacheroy, Charles
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 22 August 1906
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Chalon-sur-Saône]], France
| DATE OF DEATH = 25 January 2005
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Aix-en-Provence]], France
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lacheroy, Charles}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chalon-sur-Saône]]
[[Category:French Army officers]]
[[Category:French military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the First Indochina War]]
[[Category:French military personnel of the Algerian War]]
[[Category:Counter-terrorism theorists]]
[[Category:Counter-insurgency theorists]]
[[Category:French military writers]]
[[Category:Members of the Organisation de l'armée secrète]]
[[Category:Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni]]

[[fr:Charles Lacheroy]]

Josef Horák

2012-10-30T09:40:36Z

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'''Josef Horák''' (March 24, 1931 – November 23, 2005) was a [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[bass clarinet]]ist.

It was not until the 1950s that classical performers began to adopt the bass clarinet as their primary instrument. Horák is credited as having performed the first ever solo bass clarinet recital on March 23, 1955.

In October 2005, the First World Bass Clarinet Convention was held in [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]], at which Horák was the guest of honour. He played his last concert there, together with Emma Kovarnova (his wife and duo partner for more than 40 years) as "Due Boemi di Praga."

==See also==
*[[Bass clarinet]]

==External links==
*[http://www.horakbasscl.cz/index_e.htm Josef Horák official site]

{{Authority control|VIAF=84319695}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Horak, Josef
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1931
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 2005
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Horak, Josef}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:Bass clarinetists]]
[[Category:Czech musicians]]

{{CzechRepublic-musician-stub}}
{{Clarinetist-stub}}

[[ja:ヨゼフ・ホラーク]]
[[ru:Горак, Йозеф]]

María Julia Hernández

2012-09-07T01:39:01Z

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{{Unreferenced|date=June 2007}}
{{POV|date=December 2007}}

'''María Julia Hernández''' (January 30, 1939 – March 30, 2007) was a prominent human rights advocate who tried to speak for victims of the civil war in [[El Salvador]]. She was the founding director of [[Tutela Legal]], the human rights office of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Archdiocese of San Salvador]].

Hernández was born in [[San Francisco Morazán]], [[Honduras]], to Salvadoran parents. Her family returned to El Salvador shortly after her birth. She never married but dedicated her life to the [[Catholic Church]] and its work among the people of El Salvador.

She spent 30 years gathering evidence of massacres and individual killings, interviewing survivors, seeing that they stayed alive and compiling a book of the dead. The book of the dead grew in to more of an encyclopedia of political violence.

Hernández did her work in a sparsely furnished room decorated by a cross and two photographs of [[Archbishop]] [[Óscar Romero]], the church leader who was assassinated in 1980 by right-wing forces in El Salvador. Romero was killed while celebrating Mass, after calling upon the army to stop the death squads who were attacking real and imagined opponents of the status quo.

The killing of the archbishop was among the opening shots of the civil war that lasted until 1992. It was a central event in the life of María Julia Hernández. Hernández worked with Romero, who was installed as bishop in 1977, at the start of a 15-year wave of violence that pitted a relative handful of left-wing guerillas against the ruling class, the armed forces and the government of El Salvador. Most of the 75,000 victims of the violence were peasants who were killed while passively resisting the powers of the state.

In 1991 Hernández was awarded the [[Pacem in Terris Award]]. It was named after a 1963 [[encyclical]] letter by [[Pope John XXIII]] that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations ([[Pacem in Terris]] is [[Latin]] for 'Peace on Earth').

María Julia Hernández died on March 30, 2007 of a heart attack in [[San Salvador]] at the age of 68.
==See also==
*[[José Castellanos Contreras]]
*[[Marina Manzanares Monjarás]]
==External links==
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/30/AR2007033002223.html Washington Post: Human Rights Activist Maria Julia Hernandez dies]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/04/world/americas/04hernandez.html?ex=1333339200&en=ac3133ce86483803&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss New York Times: María Julia Hernández, 68, Rights Advocate in El Salvador, Dies]
*[http://www.economist.com/printedition/displayStory.cfm?story_id=8998321&fsrc=RSS The Economist: María Julia Hernández obituary]

{{Pacem in Terris Award laureates}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Hernandez, Maria Julia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 30, 1939
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = March 30, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hernandez, Maria Julia}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic activists]]
[[Category:Salvadoran Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Salvadoran human rights activists]]
[[Category:Honduran human rights activists]]
[[Category:Honduran Roman Catholics]]

[[es:María Julia Hernández]]

Walter Hendl

2012-09-06T00:17:58Z

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[[Image:Walter Hendl Chautauqua.jpg|210px|thumb]]
'''Walter Hendl''' (January 12, 1917{{spaced ndash}}April 10, 2007) was an [[United States|American]] [[Conducting|conductor]], [[composer]] and [[pianist]].

==Biography==
Hendl was born in [[West New York, New Jersey]], and later went on to study with [[Fritz Reiner]] at the [[Curtis Institute of Music]] in [[Philadelphia]]. From 1939 to 1941 he taught at [[Sarah Lawrence College]] in New York City. In 1941 and 1942, he was a [[pianist]] and [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] at the [[Berkshire Music Center]] under [[Serge Koussevitzky]]. In 1945, he became associate conductor of the [[New York Philharmonic]]. In 1949, he was appointed music director of the [[Dallas Symphony Orchestra]], and he held this position until 1958. In 1953, Hendl became the music director of the [[Chautauqua Symphony Orchestra]]. He remained with Chautauqua until temporary ill health necessitated his resignation in 1972. He was also active in the [[Symphony of the Air]] and conducted its 1955 tour of [[east Asia]].

In 1958, Reiner appointed Hendl associate conductor of the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]], and he served in this post until 1963. At the same time, he was the first artistic director of the [[Ravinia Festival]] and served there from 1959 to 1963.<ref>{{cite news | author=John von Rhein | title=Walter Hendl: 1917-2007: Famed conductor helped lead CSO | url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/chi-0704120804apr13,1,3097347.story | work=Chicago Tribune | date=13 April 2007 | accessdate=2007-07-16}}</ref> He left the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1964. From 1964 to 1972, Hendl served as director of the [[Eastman School of Music]] at [[Rochester, New York]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Vivien Schweitzer | title=Walter Hendl, Conductor at Dallas Symphony and Eastman School, Dies at 90 | url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/6307.html | work=Playbill Arts | date=12 April 2007 | accessdate=2007-07-16}}</ref> and was also musical adviser to the [[Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra]] and its part-time conductor.

In 1976 Hendl was appointed music director of the [[Erie Philharmonic]] in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]. In 1990, he became professor of conducting at [[Mercyhurst College]] in Erie. An advocate of contemporary music, he conducted the premieres of [[Peter Mennin]]'s Symphony No. 3 with the [[New York Philharmonic]] Orchestra in 1947, [[Bohuslav Martinů]]'s Piano Concerto No. 3 with [[Rudolf Firkušný]] and the [[Dallas Symphony]] in 1949, [[Heitor Villa-Lobos|Villa-Lobos]]'s Cello Concerto No. 2 with [[Aldo Parisot]] and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1954, and the American premiere of [[Dmitry Kabalevsky|Kabalevsky]]'s ''Requiem'' with students of the Eastman School in 1965. He composed [[incidental music]] for various stage productions and made several orchestral transcriptions.

He was inducted as a National Patron of [[Delta Omicron]], an international professional music fraternity on December 1, 1960.<ref>[http://www.delta-omicron.org/about/memoriam.html Delta Omicron In Memoriam]</ref>

His best-selling recordings include [[Violin concerto|violin concerti]] featuring [[Jascha Heifetz]], [[Henryk Szeryng]], and [[Erick Friedman]] and [[Piano concerto|piano concerti]] featuring [[Van Cliburn]] and [[Gary Graffman]].

Hendl died in [[Harborcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Harborcreek Township]], [[Pennsylvania]], after suffering from heart and lung disease.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{allmusic|id=p1404573}}

__FORCETOC__
{{s-start}}
{{succession box | title=[[Dallas Symphony Orchestra|Music Director, Dallas Symphony Orchestra]] | before=[[Antal Doráti]] | years=1949–1958 | after=[[Paul Kletzki]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Rochester Philharmonic conductors}}
{{Erie Philharmonic conductors}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Hendl, Walter
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American conductor
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 12, 1917
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = April 10, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hendl, Walter}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from West New York, New Jersey]]
[[Category:American conductors (music)]]
[[Category:American classical pianists]]
[[Category:Texas classical music]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung disease]]

[[ja:ワルター・ヘンドル]]
[[ru:Хендл, Уолтер]]
[[fi:Walter Hendl]]

Hallgerður Gísladóttir

2012-09-01T01:37:58Z

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[[Image:Hallgerdur Gisladottir.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Hallgerður Gísladóttir]]

'''Hallgerður Gísladóttir ''' (28 September 1952 – 1 February 2007) was born in Norðfjörður, East [[Iceland]]. She studied [[anthropology]] and history at the [[University of Manitoba]] in [[Winnipeg]] 1974-75, she studied a B.A. in history from the [[University of Iceland]] in 1981 and cand. mag. 1991.

Hallgerður worked at the Department of [[Ethnology]] in the [[National Museum of Iceland]], became its Head of Department in 1995 and later the Ethnological Collections Manager. Hallgerður’s speciality was Icelandic [[food traditions]] and [[gastronomy]]: in 1999 she published a book on the subject, Icelandic Food Heritage (Íslensk matarhefð), for which she received scholarly prizes and was also nominated for the Icelandic Literature Prize. She was a specialist in the Icelandic man-made [[cave]]s and was a co-author of a book on the matter, Artificial Caves in Iceland (Manngerðir hellar á Íslandi), published in 1991.
Hallgerður made a series of television programs for Icelandic TV, both on traditional Icelandic food and cooking methods, and on Icelandic Christmas traditions, along with countless programs for Icelandic radio on related subjects. For many years, Hallgerður taught courses on traditional food and cooking in the history and folklore departments of the University of Iceland, presented papers and lectures in Iceland and other countries and published many articles on her subject in both Icelandic and foreign journals.

Hallgerður was a poet and her book of poetry, Into the light (Í ljós), was published in 2004. She also published single poems in various Icelandic journals. Several have been translated and published in the German literary magazine [[Die Horen]] in 2006.
Hallgerður was the chairman of [[The Union of Icelandic Studies]] (FÍFK) 1999-2001 and the chairman of [[The Union of Museum Licentiates]] (FÍSOS) for several years.

== References ==
*[[Árni Björnsson]] 2007. Hallgerður Gísladóttir. In memoriam. Saga 45, 141-146
*[[Gunnar Karlsson]] 2007. Saknað. Minning Hallgerðar Gísladóttur. Tímarit Máls og menningar 68.

== External links ==
* [http://www.isor.is/~ah/HALLA.htm Hallgerður Gísladóttir]
* [http://www.laeknabladid.is/2000/3/umraeda-frettir/nr/246/ Tjarnarplásturinn]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Hallgerdur Gisladottir
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Ethnologist and poet
| DATE OF BIRTH = 28 September 1952
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Norðfjörður, [[Iceland]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1 February 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hallgerdur Gisladottir}}
[[Category:Women ethnologists]]
[[Category:Icelandic feminists]]
[[Category:Icelandic scholars]]
[[Category:Icelandic women writers]]
[[Category:Food writers]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]

[[is:Hallgerður Gísladóttir]]

Pinchas Goldstein

2012-08-27T01:22:24Z

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{{Infobox member of the Knesset
| image= Pinchas goldstein.jpg
| birth_date = 26 August 1939
| birth_place = [[Tel Aviv]], [[British Mandate of Palestine|Mandate Palestine]] 
| Year of Aliyah =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|8|14|1939|8|26|df=y}}
| Knesset(s) = [[Israeli legislative election, 1981|10]], [[Israeli legislative election, 1984|11]], [[Israeli legislative election, 1988|12]]
| Party = [[New Liberal Party (Israel)|New Liberal Party]] (1990–1992)
| Former parties = [[Likud]] (1981–1990)
| Gov't roles = 
}}

'''Pinchas Goldstein''' ({{lang-he|פנחס גולדשטיין}}, born 26 August 1939, died 14 August 2007) was an [[Israel]]i politician, who served as a member of the [[Knesset]] for [[Likud]] and the [[New Liberal Party (Israel)|New Liberal Party]] between 1981 and 1992, and as Deputy [[Communications Minister of Israel|Minister of Communications]] and Deputy [[Education Minister of Israel|Minister of Education and Culture]] during the early 1990s.

==Biography==
Born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era, Goldstein graduated from the Haifa militairy school of command, a boarding school, and went on to study law at the [[Tel Aviv]] branch of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], but did not graduate. He was a member of the board of directors of [[Israel Electric Corporation]] from 1978 to 1981, and a member of the [[World Zionist Organization|Executive of World Zionist Organization]] from 1978 to 1982.

Originally a member of the [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]], he was elected to the Knesset on the Likud list (an alliance of [[Herut]], the Liberal Party and other right-wing factions) in [[Israeli legislative election, 1981|1981]]. He was re-elected in [[Israeli legislative election, 1984|1984]] and [[Israeli legislative election, 1988|1988]]. On 15 March 1990, Goldstein and four other Likud MKs left the party to establish the Party for the Advancement of the Zionist Idea, which was later renamed the New Liberal Party.<ref>[http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionHistoryAll_eng.asp Mergers and Splits Among Parliamentary Groups] Knesset website</ref> This was part of what became known as [[The dirty trick (Israel)|the dirty trick]], with [[Shimon Peres]] attempting to form a new government without Likud. Although Peres failed, the new faction joined a Likud-led government and Goldstein was appointed as Deputy [[Communications Minister of Israel|Minister of Communications]], and later Deputy [[Education Minister of Israel|Minister of Education and Culture]].

The New Liberal Party failed to cross the [[election threshold|electoral threshold]] in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1992|1992 elections]] and Goldstein lost his seat.

He died of cancer on 14 August 2007 at the age of 67.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{MKlink|id=330}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Goldstein, Pinhas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Israeli politician
| DATE OF BIRTH =26 August 1939
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Tel Aviv]], [[British Mandate of Palestine|Mandate Palestine]] 
| DATE OF DEATH =14 August 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldstein, Pinhas}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:People from Tel Aviv]]
[[Category:Jews in Ottoman and British Palestine]]
[[Category:Members of the Knesset]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Likud politicians]]
[[Category:New Liberal Party (Israel) politicians]]

[[cs:Pinchas Goldstein]]
[[he:פנחס גולדשטיין]]

Benutzer:Shi Annan/Claude Corea

2012-08-03T01:00:34Z

RogDel: Dates: n-dash: vital, box

{{Infobox MP
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Sir George Claude Stanley Corea KBE
| image = SirclaudecoreaUNSecurityCouncil.jpg
| image size = 130x
| order = Minister of Home Affairs - [[State Council of Ceylon]] (1933)
| order1 = Minister of Labour, Industry and Commerce - State Council (1936–1946)
| order2 = First Ceylonese Representative to the Court of St.James, UK (1946)
| order3 = First Ceylonese [[Ambassador]] to the [[United States]] (1948)
| order4 = High Commissioner for Ceylon to the Court of St. James, UK (1954–1958)
| order5 = Representative of Ceylon to the [[United Nations]] (1958)
| order6 = President of the United Nations [[Security Council]] (1960)
| constituency_MP =
| parliament = [[State Council of Ceylon]]
| majority =
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = 29 January 1894
| birth_place = [[Chilaw]], [[Ceylon]]
| death_date = 2 September 1962
| death_place = [[Germany]]
| nationality = {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]]n
| party =
| occupation = [[Politics]], [[Diplomat]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = Lady Karmini Corea
| parents = Alfred Winzer Corea, Sarah Elizabeth Herat
| relations =
| children = Nihal, Harindra and Chandra
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Wesley College, Colombo]].
| profession =
| religion = [[Christian]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sir George Claude Stanley Corea''' (29 January 1894 – 2 September 1962) was a [[Sri Lanka]]n politician and diplomat.

==Family background==
[[File:ChilawsignRDA.jpeg|thumb|180px|right| Sir Claude Corea came from a leading Sri Lankan family who hail from the western coast town of [[Chilaw]]. They played a pivotal role in the independence movement of Ceylon, setting up the hugely influential Chilaw Association. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] recognised the role played by the Corea Family when he visited Chilaw in 1927 on his first and only visit to the island.]]
He was born on 29 January 1894 to a well known [[Ceylon]]ese political family hailing from the Western seaboard town of [[Chilaw]]. His father was Alfred Winzer Corea who was an officer in government police and his mother was Sarah Elizabeth Herat. In the late 19th Century the Corea brothers, wealthy landed proprietors, set up the Chilaw Association, as a political action group.

Sir Claude married Lilie Karmini Chitty (born 1903), daughter of James Morel Chitty, Crown Counsellor, also from Chilaw and a son of Christian S. Chitty and his French Huguenot wife, Auguste Matilde "Mitzi" Morel. Lady Corea sported a nose stud and is reported famously to have responded to a journalist’s query as to why she wore a diamond on her nose thus: “I prefer diamonds to sapphires”. The journalist had been visiting the United Nations at the time.

The Clementine Paddleford papers in the Kansas State University Archives and Manuscripts have an intriguing entry: “Corea, Lady Karmini, wife to Sir Claude Corea, Ceylon's, United Nations Ambassador – ‘A Fashion Note at U.N.,’ n.d.” under “People, 1932–1967”.<ref>[http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/findaids/pc1988-19peo.html K-State Libraries - University Archives - Clementine Paddleford Papers]</ref> Lady Corea played an important role in Sir Claude’s career as a diplomat. He was educated at [[Wesley College, Colombo]].

==Early political career==
Sir Claude enjoyed an illustrious political career in wartime Ceylon, entering politics and the State Council in 1931. He acted as Minister of Home Affairs in 1933, becoming Minister of Labour, Industry and Commerce in 1936, coincidentally with his marriage to Lilie Karmani Chitty. He continued as Minister of Labour, Industry and Commerce until 1946. He was elected to the presidency of the Ceylon National Congress in 1932, 1939 and 1941.<ref name=autogenerated1>http://192.91.247.23/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90690416.pd</ref>

[[File:OldParliment.jpg|thumb|290px|left|Sir Claude Corea was a prominent member of the [[State Council of Ceylon]]. He was appointed Minister of Home Affairs in 1933 and Minister of Labour, Industry and Commerce in 1936. The State Council met in what is now known as the Old Parliament Building in [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka.]]

On the last occasion, during the Second World War, Sir Claude was adamant that the CNC should not lobbying for “mere constitutional reforms”, but should seek transfer of sovereignty to the people of Ceylon. After the war Sir Claude served as Chairman of the Board of Ministers Sub Committee charged with resolving post-war problems. He was viewed as a potential first prime minister of Ceylon.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=5kfK34Y7mYkC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=sir+claude+corea&source=web&ots=CbKFFzD2i1&sig=HJc3Q2AxqRbALRjULwzxawFwCOk
</ref> However Don Stephen Senanayake was keener on this position than he; Sir Claude opted for a diplomatic career.

==Diplomatic career==
Sir Claude took up the post of Ceylonese Representative in the [[United Kingdom]] in 1946, two years prior to independence. It is as a diplomat par excellence that he is remembered. His contribution as a diplomat has given him legendary status among the cognoscenti. Sir Claude was soon commissioned by Don Stephen Senanayake, the first Prime Minister, to undertake diplomatic missions in the [[United States]]. He was appointed as the first Ceylonese Ambassador to the United States in 1948.<ref>[http://channel4.empireschildren.co.uk/category/chapters/index.php?chapter=499&cat=2 View other Empire Stories - Empire's Children]</ref> Records in the [[Truman Library]] reveal that Sir Claude visited the President on 1 March 1949 and again on 21 July 1952, the dates roughly marking his period as Ambassador of Ceylon in the United States.<ref>[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/mocweb.htm Truman Library - Dean Acheson, Memos of Conversation Index]</ref>

During this period he attended the 5th session of FAO in Washington DC from 21 November to 6 December 1949. Sir Claude was appointed as High Commissioner of Ceylon in United Kingdom in 1954. He was given concurrent accreditation to France and the Netherlands in January 1956. He served as High Commissioner at the Court of St. James until 1958.<ref>http://192.91.247.23/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90690416.pdf</ref>

===Post-war relations with Japan===
[[File:Yoshida signs San Francisco Peace Treaty.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida and members of the Japanese delegation, sign the Peace Treaty of San Francisco in 1951. Sir Claude Corea, together with J.R.Jayewardene and R.G.Senanayake, signed the treaty on behalf of Ceylon.]]
On 8 September 1951, the Treaty of Peace with Japan was signed in San Francisco. Junius Richard Jayewardene (later President Jayewardene), Sir Claude Corea and R. G. Senanayake signed on behalf of Ceylon.

J. R. Jayewardene and Sir Claude, kinsmen and colleagues, worked closely with Dean Acheson and John Foster Dulles, on the American side, to stem an undercurrent at the meeting of Asian resentment against Japanese wartime aggression.

President Reagan made reference to this at the welcoming ceremony for President J. R. Jayewardene on the White House Lawn on June 18, 1984. He said “understanding and appreciating your personal commitment to democratic ideals, Mr. President, it is a pleasure for us to have you as our guest. You underscored this heartfelt commitment during your first visit here in September 1951, during a gathering of the representatives of nations who had fought in the Pacific war. Some at that San Francisco conference insisted that Japan should not be given its full freedom. They argued that Japan should remain shackled as a punishment for its role in World War II. As the representative of Sri Lanka, you spoke out for the principle of freedom for all people, including the Japanese. You quoted Buddha, the great teacher, and said that "hatred ceases not by hatred, but by love." <ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/61884a.htm Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for President J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka]</ref>

===Multilateral diplomacy===
He was drawn increasingly into multilateral diplomacy in this period, being appointed as Chairman of the UN Interim Committee on International Commodity Arrangements of GATT at its 10th session, in 1955 - having been associated with GATT from its inception.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>http://www.wto.int/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90270403.pdf</ref> Ceylon only became member of the United Nations on December 14, 1955. In August 1956 he participated in the 22-power London conference that discussed the brewing [[Suez Crisis]], before traveling to China.

On 8 September 1956 he arrived in Beijing as Special Ambassador to China, at the head of a Ceylon Government Delegation that was to have preliminary discussions with the Government of the People's Republic of China regarding the establishment of diplomatic relations, trade expansion, economic co-operation and cultural exchanges. The delegation included Sir. [[Susantha de Fonseka]], K.B.E., Mr. T.B.Subasinghe, M.P., Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence and External Affairs and Mr. R. Coomaraswamy, Senior Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Finance.<ref>[http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2782/2783/t16214.htm Joint Communique Issued by the Delegation of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Ceylon Government Delegation]</ref><ref>http://lk2.mofcom.gov.cn/column/print.shtml?/bilateralcooperation/bilateralagreement/200411/20041100003949</ref> Mr Coomaraswamy subsequently became Deputy Administrator of UNDP and the other two members became cabinet ministers.

The Suez Crisis boiled over after this Chinese interlude, in the period 5 November to 22 December 1956.

Sir Claude chaired the 12th session of GATT in October 1957 in the Palais des Nations in Geneva.

He was next appointed as Representative to the United Nations in June 1958 and was in office in September of that year when Prime Minister Solomon W. R. D. Bandaranaike was assassinated in Ceylon.<ref>[http://www.dailymirror.lk/2005/12/13/opinion/2.asp :: Daily Mirror - Opinion ::]</ref> Among those who called to offer condolences were Mr. Vazili Kuzanesov, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister and Mr. V. K. Krishna Menon, India's Defence Minister. Bandaranaike’s widow, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, became Prime Minister in July 1960.

In 1960 Sir Claude Corea reflected on the irony behind Secretary of State Christian Archibald Herter's remark that it was "wholly possible" for Red China to be invited to disarmament discussions, asking wryly whether ''"if they are not considered good enough to take their place in the U.N., would they be good enough to sit around the disarmament table?"''<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,895004-2,00.html The New Boys - TIME]</ref> Sir Claude seems to have caught the attention of the Republican National Committee: Documents pertaining to him are to be found in Box 628 of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library under the rubric “Corea, Claude (Sir) – Ceylon – Chairman U. N. 1st Political Committee.<ref>http://www.eisenhower.utexas.edu/listofholdingshtml/listofholdingsR/RepublicanNaionalCommitteeNewsClippingsVol2.pdf</ref>

===President of the UN Security Council===
[[File:United Nations Security Council.jpg|thumb|350px|right| Sir Claude Corea created history by becoming the first ever President of the [[United Nations Security Council]] from Ceylon in 1960.]]
Sir Claude became President of the [[UN Security Council]] in May 1960.<ref>[http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1960.htm Presidents (1960-1969) : Security Council (SC) : United Nations (UN)]</ref> On the first day of his presidency Francis Gary Power’s Lockheed U-2 plane was forced down onto Soviet territory and he was captured.

[[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|thumb|200px|left| John.F.Kennedy who was a [[United States Senate|Senator]] in 1960 visited Sir Claude Corea in his apartment in [[New York City]], during the U.S. presidential raelectionce. Senator Kennedy consulted Sir Claude Corea, who was President of the United Nations Security Council at the time.]]

The presidential race was under way at this time and the Democratic contender, Senator John F. Kennedy, visited Sir Claude in his apartment, for consultation. On May 25, 1960, closing a politically stormy month, Sir Claude told the Security Council: "We hold that, at the present time, it is a rule of international law that the air space over the territory of any country belongs to that country and cannot be violated without a breach of international law...." The International Civil Aviation Organization negotiated an international agreement which was signed in Chicago in 1944. The signatories, who were sovereign states, big and small, accepted in that agreement the principle of the sovereign right of each state to the air space over its territory. Among the big states which subscribed to this principle is the United States…” He pointed out that “...secretly, there have been violations of this principle for the purpose of espionage” and that espionage has “… existed for centuries and will continue as long as human frailties continue, and will last as long as states suspect each other, fear each other and seek to dominate each other. But espionage is carried out in darkness, shunning publicity as if it were ashamed of its ugliness. We suppose it is considered necessary in the so-called civilized society of today, although the act itself is demoralizing and degrading."

[[File:2008-0601-DC-NatlPortGall.jpg|thumb|200px|right|There are two photographic portraits in the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]] (United States) in [[Washington, D.C.]] of 'Sir (George) Claude Stanley Corea (1894-1962), Ambassador of Ceylon in the USA' and 'Carmaine Chitty Corea, wife of Sir G. C. S. Corea' by Elliot & Fry 1954.)]]

==Death==
The John F. Kennedy Library records that “Sir Claude Corea, former Ceylonese diplomat, died” on 2 September 1962 in Germany. Lady Corea survived Sir Claude by over 35 years, living a simple life in Colombo, wearing only simple white cotton saris after she had been widowed. There is a photographic portrait of Lady Corea (by Elliot & Fry 1954) in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C. under the name 'Carmaine Chitty Corea, wife of Sir G. C. S. Corea".<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp75565 Carmaine Chitty Corea, Wife of Sir G.C.S. Corea]</ref> along with one of Sir George Claude Corea.<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp78554 Sir (George) Claude Stanley Corea (1894-1962), Ambassador of Ceylon in the USA]</ref> Sir Claude and Lady Corea had three children: Nihal, Harindra and Chandra. The late Hon. [[Harindra Corea]] was a Minister of Telecommunications in the Government of President [[Ranasinghe Premadasa]]. He was appointed Deputy Foreign Minister, by President [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]] in 2000.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* http://www.wto.int/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90270403.pdf
* http://www.rootsweb.com/~lkawgw/gen3070.html
* http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/yzs/gjlb/2782/2783/t16214.htm
* http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183(196022)14%3A3%3C440%3ASC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S
* http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1960.htm
* http://192.91.247.23/gatt_docs/English/SULPDF/90690416.pdf
* http://books.google.com/books?id=5kfK34Y7mYkC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=sir+claude+corea&source=web&ots=CbKFFzD2i1&sig=HJc3Q2AxqRbALRjULwzxawFwCOk
* http://www.dailymirror.lk/2005/12/13/opinion/2.asp
* http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/findaids/pc1988-19peo.html
* http://www.international.gc.ca/hist/dcer/details-en.asp?intRefid=5359
* http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183(196023)14%3A4%3C563%3AGA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W
* http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,895004-2,00.html
* http://lk2.mofcom.gov.cn/column/print.shtml?/bilateralcooperation/bilateralagreement/200411/20041100003949
* http://channel4.empireschildren.co.uk/category/chapters/index.php?chapter=499&cat=2
* http://www.eisenhower.utexas.edu/listofholdingshtml/listofholdingsR/RepublicanNaionalCommitteeNewsClippingsVol2.pdf
* [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/mocweb.htm]
* http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/61884a.htm</ref>

{{Persondata
| NAME =Corea, Claude
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =29 January 1894
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Chilaw]], [[Ceylon]]
| DATE OF DEATH =2 September 1962
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Germany]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Corea, Claude}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan diplomats]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan politicians]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Presidents of the United Nations Security Council]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Sri Lanka to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Members of the State Council of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to the United States]]
[[Category:High Commissioners of Sri Lanka to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan knights]]

Patricia M. Byrne

2012-07-29T01:13:37Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

'''Patricia Mary Byrne''' (June 1, 1925 – November 23, 2007), of [[Ohio]], served as [[United States Ambassador to Burma]] from November 1979 to September 1983.

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box |title=[[United States Ambassador to Mali|U.S. Ambassador to Mali]] |before= [[Ralph J. McGuire]]|after= [[Anne Forrester Holloway]]|years=1976–1979}}
{{succession box |title=[[United States Ambassador to Burma|U.S. Ambassador to Burma]] |before=[[Maurice Darrow Bean]]|after=[[Daniel Anthony O'Donohue]]|years=1979–1983}}
{{s-end}}

==External links==
*[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/com/10404.htm Burma at the U.S. Department of State]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/14/AR2007121401940_pf.html Patricia M. Byrne's obituary at the Washington Post]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Byrne, Patricia M.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American diplomat
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 1, 1925
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = November 23, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Byrne, Patricia M.}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Burma]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Mali]]

{{US-diplomat-stub}}

John S. Burgess

2012-07-28T01:39:52Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

[[File:John S. Burgess.jpg|thumb|John S. Burgess. From 1970 campaign for Lieutenant Governor]]
'''John S. Burgess''' (May 10, 1920 – September 20, 2007) was a [[Vermont]] attorney and politician who served as [[Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives]] and [[List of Lieutenant Governors of Vermont|Lieutenant Governor]].

==Biography==
John Stuart "Jack" Burgess was born in [[New York City]] on May 10, 1920. He was a bomber navigator in the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]] during [[World War II]], served on active duty again during the [[Korean War]], and attained the rank of [[Major (United States)|Major]] in the [[Air Force Reserve]].<ref>[http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070925/NEWS/709250330/-1/rss01&template=printart Newspaper article, Jack Burgess, Former Vermont Lawmaker, Lieutenant Governor, Dies at 87], South Coast Today, September 25, 2007</ref><ref>American Legislative Leaders in the Northeast, 1911-1994, by James Roger Sharp and Nancy Weatherly Sharp, 2000, page 66</ref>

Burgess graduated from the [[University of Vermont]], received a law degree from [[Northeastern University]] in 1949, and became a lawyer in [[Brattleboro, Vermont|Brattleboro]].<ref>[http://www.northeastern.edu/magazine/winter2008/inmemoriam.html In Memoriam], Northeastern University Alumni Magazine, Winter 2008/2009</ref> He served as [[Windham County, Vermont|Windham County]] [[State's Attorney]] from 1952 to 1957. He also served in numerous local government positions in Brattleboro, including Town Agent, [[City attorney|Town Attorney]] and [[Justice of the peace#Massachusetts.2C Connecticut.2C_Vermont|Justice of the Peace]].<ref>[http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/legdoc.cfm?URL=/docs/2008/acts/ACTR327.HTM House Concurrent Resolution 23], by Vermont House of Representatives, 2007-2008 session</ref>

A [[Vermont Republican Party|Republican]], he was elected to the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in 1966 and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee before serving as Speaker.<ref>[http://vermont-archives.org/govhistory/Officials/pdf/speakersHouse.pdf Speakers of the Vermont House of Representatives, 1870 to present], published by Vermont Secretary of State, accessed December 25, 2011, page 9</ref><ref>Newspaper article, Burgess to Seek No. 2 GOP Spot, by United Press International, Bennington Banner, March 25, 1970</ref>

In 1970 Burgess was the successful Republican nominee for Lieutenant Governor and served two terms, 1971 to 1975.<ref>[http://vermont-archives.org/govhistory/Officials/pdf/ltgov.pdf Lieutenant Governors, Terms of Service], Office of the Vermont Secretary of State, Archives and Records Administration, accessed December 25, 2011, page 2</ref> He lost the 1974 Republican primary for Vermont's seat in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] to [[Jim Jeffords]].<ref>Newspaper article, Primary Results for U.S. House, Bennington Banner, September 11, 1974</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=ep3gg-2zFXwC&pg=PA117&dq=john+jack+burgess+brattleboro+vermont&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CqL3TtTQOs-Ctgf9_NHQBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=burgess&f=false An Independent Man: Adventures of a Public servant], by James M. Jeffords, Yvonne Daley and Howard Coffin, 2003, pages 134 to 137</ref>

After leaving office Burgess continued to practice law and maintained his participation in Brattleboro's local government and civic activities. He died in [[Keene, New Hampshire]] on September 20, 2007 and was buried in Brattleboro's Meeting House Hill Cemetery.<ref>[http://articles.boston.com/2007-09-25/news/29234339_1_lieutenant-governor-john-burgess-vermont John Burgess, 87, former Vt. Official], by Associated Press, Boston.com web site, September 25, 2007</ref>

==External References==
*[http://www.archive.org/details/Jack_Burgess_WWII_oral_history Oral History: Jack Burgess, WWII Vet], sponsored by Brattleboro Rotary Club, accessed December 25, 2011
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=27002321 John Stuart Burgess page], [http://www.findagrave.com/index.html Find A Grave] web site, accessed December 25, 2011

==Sources==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{Succession box | before=[[Richard W. Mallary]] | title=[[Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives]] | years=1969–1971 | after=[[Walter L. Kennedy]]}}
{{Succession box | before=[[John J. Daley]] | title=[[List of lieutenant governors of Vermont|Lieutenant Governor of Vermont]] | years=1971–1975 | after=[[Brian D. Burns]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Burgess, John S.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =John Stuart Burgess, Jack Burgess
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =American politician
| DATE OF BIRTH =May 10, 1920
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[New York, New York]]
| DATE OF DEATH =September 20, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Keene, New Hampshire]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burgess, John S.}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:People from Brattleboro, Vermont]]
[[Category:Lieutenant Governors of Vermont]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Vermont Republicans]]
[[Category:Vermont lawyers]]
[[Category:University of Vermont alumni]]
[[Category:Northeastern University School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War II]]

John S. Burgess

2012-07-28T01:39:52Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

Brevard Childs

2012-07-26T00:53:41Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash

{{Infobox theologian
| name = Brevard Childs
| image = B.s.childs.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption =
| era =
| region =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 2 September, 1923<ref name=DriverBio>Daniel R. Driver, [http://www.danieldriver.com/bsc-bio/ Biography of Childs]</ref>
| birth_place = [[Columbia, South Carolina]]
| death_date = June 23, 2007<ref name=DriverBio />
| death_place = [[New Haven, Connecticut]]<ref name=Yale />
| occupation =
| language =
| nationality =
| period =
| tradition_movement =
| main_interests =
| notable_ideas = [[Canonical criticism]]
| notable_works =
| spouse = Ann Childs
| children =
| influences = [[Karl Barth]]<ref name=Yale>[http://www.yale.edu/divinity/news/070625_news_childs.shtml Obituary] at Yale University</ref> [[Hermann Gunkel]]<ref>Daniel R. Driver, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uvRAAAAACAAJ Brevard Childs, Biblical Theologian: For the Church’s One Bible]''. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010.</ref>
| influenced =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
}}
'''Brevard Springs Childs''' (September 2, 1923 – June 23, 2007) was an American [[Old Testament]] scholar and Professor of Old Testament at [[Yale University]] from 1958 until 1999 (and [[Sterling Professor]] after 1992), who is considered one of the most influential biblical scholars of the 20th century.

==Thought==
Childs is particularly noted for pioneering [[canonical criticism]], a way of [[Biblical hermeneutics|interpreting]] the [[Bible]] that focuses on the text of the [[biblical canon]] itself as a finished product. In fact, Childs disliked the term, believing his work to represent an entirely new departure, ''replacing'' the entire [[Higher criticism|historical-critical method]].<ref>Brevard S. Childs, ''Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture'' (SCM, 1979), 82–83.</ref> Childs set out his canonical approach in his ''Biblical Theology in Crisis'' (1970) and applied it in ''Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture'' (1979). This latter book has been described as "one of the most discussed books of the 1980s".<ref>[[Tremper Longman]], ''Old Testament Commentary Survey'', 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), 19.</ref>

Christopher Seitz argues that
<blockquote>
Professor Childs single-handedly effected major and sustained changes in the conceptual framework of modern biblical studies through appeal to the canonical presentation of biblical books and the theological implications of attending to their final form.<ref>[http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=691 Obituary] at [[Society of Biblical Literature]]</ref>
</blockquote>
Seitz has also noted that "there is a small [[cottage industry]] in evaluating the contribution of Brevard Childs."<ref>Christopher R. Seitz, "The Canonical Approach and Theological Interpretation" in [[Craig Bartholomew]] ''et al'' (eds.), ''Canon and Biblical Interpretation'', p. 61.</ref>

==Education==
*B.A., M.A. [[University of Michigan]]
*B.D. - [[Princeton Theological Seminary]] (1950)
*Th.D. - [[University of Basel]] (1955)

==Publications==
*''Biblical Theology in Crisis'' (1970)
*''The Book of Exodus: A Critical, Theological Commentary'' (1974)
*''Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture'' (1979)
*''Old Testament Theology in a Canonical Context'' (1985)
*''Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on the Christian Bible'' (1992)
*''Isaiah: A Commentary'' (2001)
*''The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture'' (2004)

==References==
<references/>

{{Persondata
| NAME = Childs, Bernard
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 2, 1923
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Columbia, South Carolina]]
| DATE OF DEATH = June 23, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[New Haven, Connecticut]]
}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Biblical scholars]]
[[Category:Yale University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Columbia, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Old Testament scholars]]
[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
[[Category:Princeton Theological Seminary alumni]]
[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]

[[ru:Чайлдс, Бревард]]

Ajay Bhatt

2012-07-12T09:00:33Z

RogDel: Undid revision 501682721 by 204.140.135.113 (talk)

{{Infobox person
| name = Ajay V. Bhatt
| image =Ajay Bhatt at Intel ISEF.jpg| caption = Bhatt at the 2010 [[Intel ISEF|Intel International Science and Engineering Fair]] in [[San Jose, California]]
| birth_date = 1952
| birth_place = India<ref name=OB2159>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonbusiness.com/articles/69-september-2009/2159-on-the-edge|title=On the edge|publisher=Oregon Business|first=Ben|last=Jacklet|month=September|year=2009|accessdate=September 23, 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091016071215/http://www.oregonbusiness.com//articles//69-september-2009//2159-on-the-edge| archivedate= 16 October 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
| occupation = Chief Client Platform Architect at [[Intel]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm|accessdate=September 23, 2009|title=Intel Fellow – Ajay V. Bhatt|date=July 22, 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091104041719/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm| archivedate= 4 November 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
| ethnicity = Indian
| education = [[Graduation]] from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] [http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm] [[Master's degree|Masters]] from [[The City University of New York]] [http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm]
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| residence = [[Oregon]], [[USA]]<ref name=OB2159/>
| religion = [[Hindu]]{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}
| website =
}}
'''Ajay V. Bhatt'''<ref>[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm Ajay Bhatt: Fellow] at [[Intel Corporation|Intel]]</ref> is an [[India]]n-[[United States of America|America]]n computer architect who helped define and develop several widely used technologies, including [[Universal Serial Bus|USB (Universal Serial Bus)]], [[Accelerated Graphics Port|AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)]], [[PCI Express]], Platform Power management architecture and various chipset improvements.

Ajay Bhatt rose to global celebrity as the co-inventor of USB through an Intel 2009 TV [[advertisement]], where he was portrayed by actor Sunil Narkar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/05/intel_ad_campaign_remakes_rese.html|title=Intel ad campaign remakes researchers into rock stars | Oregon Business News - - OregonLive.com|first=Mark Graves|publisher=[[The Oregonian]]|date=May 9, 2009|accessdate=September 23, 2009}}</ref>

== Biography ==
After completing his graduation from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], India, Bhatt received his master's degree from [[The City University of New York]], United States. Bhatt joined Intel corporation in 1990 as a senior staff architect on the chipset architecture team in Folsom. He holds thirty-one U.S. [[patents]], and several others are in various stages of filing. In 1998, 2003 and 2004, Bhatt was nominated to take part in a Distinguished Lecture Series at leading universities in the [[United States]] and [[Asia]]. He received an Achievement in Excellence Award for his contribution in PCI Express specification development in 2002.

Intel's Chief I/O architect responsible for the platform and I/O interconnects directions, Bhatt also leads definition and development of the next-generation Client Platform architecture.

Intel Fellows are selected for their technical leadership and outstanding contributions to the company and the industry.

On October 9, 2009, ''[[The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien]]'' did a comedy sketch featuring him that parodied Intel's "Rockstar" commercials.[http://www.engadget.com/2009/10/10/conan-obrien-talks-to-the-co-creator-of-usb-on-the-tonight-show/] Ajay Bhatt was featured in July 2010 issue of [[GQ#International_Editions|GQ India]], as one of "The 50 Most Influential Global Indians!"

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.eetimes.com/disruption/profiles/bhatt.jhtml Ajay Bhatt] at EETIMES: The Great Minds, Great Ideas Project
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubuQ_M5xpio Intel commercial - Ajay Bhatt] on [[YouTube]] [Video removed]
*[http://www.engadget.com/2009/10/10/conan-obrien-talks-to-the-co-creator-of-usb-on-the-tonight-show/ Ajay Bhatt Interview with Conan O'Brien]
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/gaspar/3520583135/ Photo] at [[Flickr]]
*[http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/02/04/ajay.bhatt.usb.inventor/index.html USB inventor is tech's unlikely 'rock star'], By John D. Sutter, February 4, 2010 - Ajay Bhatt on [[CNN|CNN.COM]]
*{{IMDb name|2357497|Sunil Narkar}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Bhatt, Ajay
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1952
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[India]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatt, Ajay}}
[[Category:American engineers]]
[[Category:American inventors]]
[[Category:City University of New York alumni]]
[[Category:Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Intel people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Oregon]]
[[Category:Universal Serial Bus]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:1952 births]]

[[es:Ajay Bhatt]]
[[ml:അജയ് ഭട്ട്]]
[[pt:Ajay Bhatt]]
[[ru:Бхатт, Аджай]]
[[sq:Ajay Bhatt]]

Chas Messenger

2012-06-07T01:33:44Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

{{Infobox cyclist
| name = Chas Messenger
| image =
| fullname = Charles William Messenger
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|1|1|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|7|26|1914|1|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England, United Kingdom
| height =
| weight =
| currentteam =
| discipline = Road
| role = Rider
| ridertype =
| amateuryears =
| amateurteams =
| proyears =
| proteams =
| majorwins =
| updated = 13 August 2008
}}
'''Charles William "Chas" Messenger''' (January–March 1914 – 26 July 2008)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://content.ancestry.co.uk/Browse/view.aspx?dbid=8964&path=1914.Q2-Apr-May-Jun.M.57&ln=Record%20from%20England%20&%20Wales,%20Birth%20Index:%201837-1983&st=d&pid=433184&rc=&zp=75| title=England & Wales Birth Register Index; January–March quarter 1914; Charles W Messenger; Mother's Maiden Name: Mac Laren; district: Pancras; volume: 1b; page: 67| publisher=Ancestry.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="British Cycling">{{cite web| url=http://www.britishcycling.org.uk/web/site/BC/bcf/News2008/20080728_chas_messenger_obituary.asp| title=Obituary: Chas Messenger | publisher=British Cycling| date=28 July 2008}}</ref> was a [[United Kingdom|British]] cyclist, a former [[Milk Race]] organiser and British road team manager.

Messenger was born in [[London]]. He began cycling in the [[Kings Cross, London|King's Cross]] area, and despite being a "mediocre" rider in his own words, he beat the hour for a 25-mile [[time trial]] at a time when this was rarely achieved.<ref name="British Cycling" />

==Tour of Britain==
Messenger was an official of the [[British League of Racing Cyclists]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://willesdencc.blogspot.com/2008/08/chas-messenger.html| title=Chas Messenger| publisher=Willesden CC| date=August 2008}}</ref> which started during the [[World War II|Second World War]] to promote massed cycle racing on public roads. The BLRC organised several Tours of Britain under different names and sponsors and then in 1958 secured sponsorship from the [[Milk Marketing Board]]. Messenger was the BLRC's event organiser and he and other officials visited the board at a hotel in central London. He said:

:Our first meeting with the sponsor's PRO, Reg Pugh, was a near-fiasco, for the three of us, Eddie Lawton, Les Keith and myself, were working and groping in the dark, having to rely on figures conjured out of thin air by treasurer Ruben Smith. So poor, too, were we at this time that we arrived at the posh West End hotel with only enough money between the three of us to get back home. We came away elated, with more or less the 'Tour' in our pockets. We also came away with a budget well below what was needed for we had promised foreign teams (but no one said how we were going to get them.)<ref>Messenger, Chas (1998), Ride and Be Damned, Pedal Publishing, UK, p142</ref>

Messenger ran the Tour of Britain, known as the Milk Race, from 1958 to 1965, when he was followed by Maurice Cumberworth.

==Merger with the NCU==
Messenger and [[Peter Itter]], chairman of the rival [[National Cycling Union]], forged the links which merged the two organisations to form the [[British Cycling Federation]] in 1959. He negotiated with the police to hold races on open roads.<ref name="CW">{{cite web| url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/Chas_Messenger_dies_article_264512.html| title=CHAS MESSENGER DIES AGED 94| publisher=Cycling Weekly| date=29 July 2008}}</ref> He became vice-chairman of the BCF's racing committee, which picked teams, for seven years. He managed the British road team four times between 1962 and 1967, culminating in the world championships in which [[Graham Webb]] won the men's amateur road race and [[Beryl Burton]] the women's event.

He was sacked in September 1967 without explanation from the British Cycling Federation.<ref>Cycling, UK, 23 September 1967, p25</ref>

==Honours==
The Chas Messenger road race, established in 2001, was named in his honour. It is a [[Premier Calendar]] event. Messenger was at the 2008 race.<ref name="CW" />

In 2009, he was inducted into the [[British Cycling Hall of Fame]].<ref name="BChalloffame">{{cite web| url=http://new.britishcycling.org.uk/sport/article/bc20091216-Hall-of-fame-fifty| title=50 Cycling Heroes Named in British Cycling's Hall of Fame| publisher=British Cycling| date=2009-12-17}}</ref>

==Writing==
Messenger wrote several books in a style described as "intensely personal" and his "grasp of history doesn't always follow a chronological pattern", "but he's always an entertaining and exciting writer who never allows himself to worry unduly about such obstacles as spelling, grammar, punctuation."<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.abcc.co.uk/Reviews/book_messenger1.html| title=Shot-and-shell days| publisher=Association of British Cycling Coaches}}</ref>

==Private life and personality==
Messenger spent all his adult life in west London, where he worked in local government. He was a member of the Chequers Road Club and an official of the British Cycling Federation's west London division. He was a prolific organiser of cycle races. He was known for a brusque personality. An obituary by British Cycling<ref>The "federation" was dropped</ref> said: "His propensity for direct action and getting things done rather than long-winded committee debate made him a controversial figure to some then amateur attitudes."<ref>http://www.britishcycling.org.uk/web/site/BC/bcf/News2008/20080728_chas_messenger_obituary.asp</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book| last=Messenger| first=Chas| authorlink=Chas Messenger| title=Conquer the World| publisher=Pelham Books| location=London| year=1968| pages=215}}
*{{cite book| last=Messenger| first=Chas| authorlink=Chas Messenger| title=Cycling Crazy| publisher=Pelham Books| location=London| year=1970| pages=173| isbn=978-0-7207-0331-3}}
*{{cite book| last=Messenger| first=Chas| authorlink=Chas Messenger| title=Cycling's Circus| publisher=Pelham Books| location=London| year=1971| pages=183| isbn=978-0-7207-0490-7}}
*{{cite book| last=Messenger| first=Chas| authorlink=Chas Messenger| title=Where there's a Wheel| publisher=Pelham Books| location=London| year=1972| pages=215| isbn=0-7207-0564-9}}
*{{cite book| last=Messenger| first=Chas| authorlink=Chas Messenger| title=Ride and be Damned| publisher=Pedal Publishing| location=Harpenden| year=1998| pages=151| isbn=978-0-9534096-0-0}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Messenger, Chas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English racing cyclist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 January 1914
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[London]], England, United Kingdom
| DATE OF DEATH = 26 July 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Messenger, Chas}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:English cyclists]]
[[Category:English sportswriters]]
[[Category:People from London]]

Richard B. Merrill

2012-06-07T01:32:04Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

[[File:Richard B. Merrill.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Dick Merrill was an avid photographer.]]

'''Richard Billings Merrill''' (1949–2008), aka '''Dick Merrill''', was an American inventor, engineer, and photographer.<ref>{{cite news | title = Dick Merrill, 59: Invented Sensor For Digital Cameras; Lineage Goes Back To Norman Williams; Many Hobbies and Interests | work = Vermont Standard | location = Woodstock, Vermont | date = 30 Oct. 2008 | page = 4-A | url = http://dicklyon.com/tech/Scans/Dick_Merrill_obituary.pdf}}</ref>

Merrill was born in [[New York City]], the son of Dr. Frederick Hamilton Merrill and Joan Williams Merrill. He was the adoptive grandson of Richard Billings (son of [[Frederick H. Billings]]), and the grandson of Norman Williams of the family that donated the library in [[Woodstock, Vermont]].

He was married in 1996 to Sengchanh (Seng) Phomphanh. They made their home in [[Woodside, California]].

Merrill earned a master's degree in [[electrical engineering]] from [[Dartmouth College]], and worked for [[National Semiconductor]] from 1980.

He was a founder of [[Foveon]] in 1997, and worked there until his death from cancer in 2008. He invented the "vertical color filter"<ref>{{cite web | title = Digital Photography Essentials #003: "Color Separation" | url = http://www.outbackphoto.com/dp_essentials/dp_essentials_03/essay.html | work = Digital Outback Photo }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Handbook of Holographic Interferometry: Optical and Digital Methods | author = Thomas Kreis | publisher = Wiley-VCH | year = 2006 | isbn = 3-527-60492-8 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=CNMPLjC0li8C&pg=PA77&dq=vertical-color-filter&ei=cI8RR53qIIyKpwK42ZSzBg&sig=JGA1slhLSUZJdqwhqx40yyPmapg }}</ref> technology of the [[Foveon X3 sensor]] that is at the heart of the novel [[digital camera]]s sold by [[Sigma Corporation]] (the [[Sigma SD9|SD9]], [[Sigma SD10|SD10]], [[Sigma SD14|SD14]], and [[Sigma DP1|DP1]]).

Merrill's vertical color filter invention was originally based on a triple-well [[CMOS]] [[DRAM]] process.<ref>Richard Billings Merrill, "[http://www.google.com/patents?id=CxcZAAAAEBAJ&dq=inassignee:Foveon Color separation in an active pixel cell imaging array using a triple-well structure]," U.S. Patent 5965875, issued Oct 12, 1999.</ref> He later refined the idea using multiple [[epitaxy|epitaxially grown]] silicon layers for each of the vertically stacked color-detecting [[photodiode]]s.<ref>Richard B. Merrill, "[http://www.google.com/patents?id=WtUNAAAAEBAJ&dq=inassignee:Foveon+epitaxial Vertical color filter detector group and array]," U.S. Patent 6632701, issued Oct 14, 2003.</ref>

Merrill shared the [[Royal Photographic Society]]'s "Progress Medal" in 2005 with [[Richard Francis Lyon|Dick Lyon]] and [[Carver Mead]] for the development of the Foveon X3 technology.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.letsgodigital.org/en/news/articles/story_5015.html | title = Royal Photographic Society Award for Foveon sensor | author = Mark Peters | date = November 6th 2005}}</ref> Shortly before his death in 2008, he received the Kosar Memorial Award, "for significant contributions to an unconventional photographic system," from the Society for Imaging Science and Technology.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imaging.org/membership/h_and_a/awards.cfm?AwardCode=K | title = Kosar Memorial Award | publisher = Society for Imaging Science and Technology}}</ref>

According to [[Carver Mead]], Merrill was "the most creative engineer I have ever met."<ref name=gilder>{{cite book | title = The Silicon Eye | author = George Gilder | pages = 46 | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-393-05763-1 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_QznhZTqdYsC&pg=PA46&dq=%22Dick+Merrill%22+inauthor:gilder&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=kI4MSfvPJYO6yASvsYG7Ag }}</ref> Merrill explained his inventive process this way, "There's a lot you can get in this world just by looking for symmetry, looking for patterns;" and "Look for a technological trend in one area and apply it to another."<ref name=gilder/>

On February 8th, 2012, Dr Merrill is honored by business partner [[Sigma Corporation]] by renaming Sigma's flagship DSLR [[SD1]] to SD1 Merrill. Sigma SD1 utilizes the latest Foveon image sensor.

==References==
<references/>

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Merrill, Richard B.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Merrill, Richard B.}}
[[Category:American inventors]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]

George Goodheart

2012-05-11T07:30:16Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

{{Wikify|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = George Joseph Goodheart, Jr.
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|8|18}}
| birth_place = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|3|5|1918|8|18}}
| death_place = Grosse Point Farms, Michigan, United States
| occupation = [[chiropractic|chiropractor]]
| nationality = [[United States]]
| spouse = JoAnn Dutts Catherine Carroll (deceased)
| children = Carroll Velie (Dennis) Elizabeth Goodheart Mark Goodheart (deceased)
}}

'''George Joseph Goodheart, Jr.''', D.C. (August 18, 1918 – March 5, 2008) was a [[chiropractic|chiropractor]] who founded [[Applied Kinesiology]].<ref name=mourned>[http://www.worldchiropracticalliance.org/tcj/2008/apr/e.htm "AK founder Goodheart mourned." The Chiropractic Journal. Apr. 2008.]</ref> He died March 5, 2008 at the age of 89.<ref name=death>[http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080307/NEWS08/803070421/1004/NEWS02 George Goodheart: A medical innovator]</ref>

==Family==
Goodheart was married to Catherine Carroll (deceased) and had three children and several grandchildren.<ref name=about>[http://www.icakusa.com/goodheart.php "About George Goodheart." Professional Applied Kinesiology.]</ref> After she had passed he married JoAnn Dutts. However they did not have any children.

==Career==
Goodheart served in the [[United States Army Air Force]] during [[World War II]], and was stationed in France and England. He was a Major at the age of 26 and was awarded the Bronze Star for inventing an electronic bombing release mechanism for P-47 ground attack missions, replacing an inaccurate mechanical mechanism .<ref name="about"/>

Goodheart attended the University of Detroit and the National College of Chiropractic. After graduating in 1939, he practiced in downtown Detroit with his father, George Goodheart, Sr., for over 30 years. He moved to an office in [[Grosse Pointe]], where he made observations about muscle function and health and introduced [[Applied Kinesiology]].<ref name="about"/>

The International College of Applied Kinesiology (ICAK) was founded in 1975 to provide instruction on Goodheart's research to interested health care professionals. Goodheart served as chairman of the Research Committee for the ICAK for 32 years.

== First Official US Olympic team chiropractor==

In 1979 Goodheart accompanied the US Olympic team to Lake Placid, NY in the XIIIth Olympic Winter Games as the first official US Olympic team chiropractor.<ref>[http://iaoco.org/members.html#anchor423020 Online registry of Olympic Chiropractic Doctors]</ref><ref name=1stDC>{{cite journal|last=Staff|first=|title=Chiropractic at the Winter Olympics|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic|volume=24|page=|number=5|date=February 27, 2006|url=http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=51078}}</ref>

==Author==
Goodheart authored many works on Applied Kinesiology and lectured on the topic frequently.<ref name="mourned"/>

==Bibliography==
Goodheart published the following works relating to Applied Kinesiology:<ref name=biblio>"Goodheart Bibliography." ''Applied Kinesiology Literature.'' Sacro Occipital Technique Organization - USA. <http://www.sotousa.com/sotliterature/applied%20kinesiology/ak%20goodheart%20bibliography.htm>.</ref>

===Manuals===
''Applied Kinesiology Research Manuals'' (published yearly from 1964–1998)

===Books===
''You'll Be Better - The Story of Applied Kinesiology'' (privately published, made available in spiral bound in 2000) 
''Collected Published Articles & Reprints'' (1969) 
''Observation of Sonagraphic Computerized Analysis'' (1981) 
''A New Approach To An Old Problem'' (1990) 
''Collected Published Articles & Reprints'' (1992) 
''Being A Family Doctor'' (1993)

===Articles===
The following articles were published in [http://www.chiroeco.com/ ''Chiropractic Economics''] magazine:<ref name=biblio /> 
“Urinary testing methods” 7(1);July/Aug 1964:14 
“Arm and shoulder pain” 7(2);Sept/Oct 1964:22-25 
“The anemias” 7(3); Nov/Dec 1964:32-33 
“Postural hypotension and functional hypoadrenia” 7(6);May/June 1965:24-25 
“Control of cholesterol” 8(1);Jul/Aug 1965: 44-45 
“The acid-alkaline balance” 8(2);Sep/Oct 1965:32-33 
“Fatigue and its management” Chiro Econ, 8(3);Nov/Dec 1965:28-30 
“Posture - Its effect on structure...function and symptoms” 8(4);Jan/Feb 1966:30-33 
“Chinese lessons for chiropractic” 8(5);Mar/Apr 1966:10-11 
“The respiratory function of the skull” 8(6);May/Jun 1966:20 
“Nutritional factors” 9(2);Sep/Oct 1966:54-56 
“The ileo-cecal valve syndrome” 9(6);May/Jun 1967:32-33 
“The carpal tunnel syndrome” 10(1);Jul/Aug 1967: 28-29 
“The psoas muscle and the foot pronation problem” 10(2);Sep/Oct 1967:54-57 
“Hyperventilation and cranial sacral mechanism” 10(3);Nov/Dec 1967:48-49 
“The hiatus hernia” 10(4);Jan/Feb 1968:31-33 
“Headache” 10(5);Mar/Apr 1968:22-24 
“Asthma and emphysema” 11(1); Jul/Aug 1968:22-24 
“Hypertension” 11(3);Nov/Dec 1968:20-23 
“Cross-pattern crawling and muscle spasm” 11(5);Mar/Apr 1969:18-20 
“The "frozen shoulder" syndrome” 12(1);Jul/Aug 1969:36-38 
“Allergies in chiropractic practice” 12(3);Nov/Dec 1969:12-14 
“Principles of muscle balancing” 12(5);Mar/Apr 1970:30-32 
“The schizophrenic pattern” 13(1);Jul/Aug 1970:51-53 
“Structural imbalance and nutritional absorption (a new route to the brain)” 13(3);Nov/Dec 1970:20-23 
“Tarsal tunnel syndrome” 13(5);Mar/Apr 1971:6-7 
“Sacroiliac and ilio sacral problems” 14(4);Jan/Feb 1972: 44-46 
“Sacroiliac and ilio sacral problems, Part 2” 15(1);Jul/Aug 1972:42-45 
“The cervical challenge” 15(2);Sep/Oct 1972:36-39 
“The R.N.A. meridian relationship to applied kinesiology” 15(5);Mar/Apr 1973:28-32 
“The fixation vertebral pattern” 16(1);Jul/Aug 1973:44-46 
“Innate and the interdependent triangularity of man” 16(4);Jan/Feb 1974:22-25 
“Cranial sacral nutritional reflexes” 16(6);May/Jun 1974:26-33 
“Applied Kinesiology” 17(2);Sep/Oct 1974:36-38 
“The antenna concept in chiropractic meridian therapy” 17(5);Mar/Apr 1975:36-41 
“Gait and associated problems" 18(1);Jul/Aug 1975:14-17 
“Applied kinesiology & Golgi tendon organ spindle cell” 18(3);Nov/Dec 1975:18-19 
“Temporal mandibular joint - The most important joint in the body” 20(2);Sep/Oct 1977:18-20 
“Cranial technique: A clarification of certain principles” 20(3);Nov-Dec 1977:26-29 
“Hypothyroidism and myofascial relationships” 21(1);Jul/Aug 1978: 40-41 
“Reactive muscle testing” 21(4);Jan/Feb 1979:22-27 
“The interosseous vertebral holographic subluxation, Part 1” 29(2);Sep/Oct 1986:44-47 
“The interosseous vertebral holographic subluxation, Part 2” Chiro Econ, 29(3);Nov/Dec 1986: 44-47 
“Posture: 30 years of observation and some logical chiropractic conclusions, Part 1” 30(1);Jul/Aug 1987:14-16 
“Posture: 30 years of observation and some logical chiropractic conclusions, Part 2” 30(2);Sep/Oct 1987:34-41 
“Posture: 30 years of observation and some logical chiropractic conclusions, Part 3” 30(3);Nov/Dec 1987:62-67 
“Pitch, roll, and yaw technic, Part 1” 30(5);Mar/Apr 1988:126-130 
“Pitch, roll and yaw technic, Part 2” 30(6);May/Jun 1988:46-51 
“The limbic technic” 31(2);Sep/Oct 1988:22-31 
“Applied kinesiology - the beginning” 31(6);May/Jun 1989:15-23 
“Do herniated discs produce pain?” 34(5);Mar-Apr 1992:14-22 
 
The following articles were published in [http://www.todayschiropractic.com/ ''Today’s Chiropractic''] magazine:<ref name=biblio /> 
“Structural imbalance and nutritional absorption” 16(1);Mar/Apr 1987:19-24 
“Combating a vitamin B deficiency” 17(2);Mar/Apr 1988: 19-22 
“The applied kinesiology technique” 22(4);Jul/Aug 1993:56-58 
 
The following articles were published in [http://www.theamericanchiropractor.com/ ''The American Chiropractor''] magazine:<ref name=biblio /> 
“Managing lactic acid excess” Sep 1989:48-52 
“Structural imbalance and nutritional absorption” Oct 1989:40-44

==Honors==
He was the first chiropractor to serve on the U. S. Olympic Medical Team in 1980.<ref name="mourned"/><ref name=1stDC />

In 2001, Goodheart was placed onto Time's List of the Top 100 Alternative Medicine Innovators of the 21st Century.<ref name=innovate>[http://www.icak.com/about/goodheart_tribute.shtml Tributes to Dr George Goodheart Jr., D.C.]</ref><ref name=time>Horowitz, Janice M. "The Man with Magic Fingers." ''Innovators Time 100: The Next Wave: Alternative Medicine''. 2001. Time.com. <http://www.time.com/time/innovators_v2/alt_medicine/profile_goodheart.html>.
</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[http://www.idmailer.info mailing lists for all]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Goodheart, George
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 18, 1918
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH = March 5, 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH = Grosse Point Farms, Michigan, United States
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goodheart, George}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:American chiropractors]]
[[Category:Sports chiropractic]]
[[Category:Chiropractors]]

[[fr:George Goodheart]]

David Laird Dungan

2012-05-03T11:41:27Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

'''David Laird Dungan''' (1936–2008) was Distinguished Professor of the Humanities and Emeritus Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at the [[University of Tennessee, Knoxville]], and a major scholar of the [[synoptic problem]]. As a member of the Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies, he was a proponent of the Two-Gospel Hypothesis, also known as the [[Griesbach hypothesis]], which argues that the [[Gospel of Mark]] is derived from the [[Gospel of Matthew]] and the [[Gospel of Luke]], thereby arguing against both [[Markan priority]] and the necessity of the conjectural [[Q document]] proposed in the [[Two-Source Hypothesis]].

The son of Presbyterian missionaries, Dungan was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and grew up in [[Shanghai]], China (until 1940), and in [[Berea, Kentucky]], where he graduated high school in 1953. He earned degrees from [[The College of Wooster]] (B.A. 1957), [[McCormick Seminary]] in Chicago (B.D. 1963), and [[Harvard Divinity School]] (Th.D. 1968). From 1967 to 2002, he was a faculty member in the Department of [[Religious Studies]] at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, teaching courses in Biblical literature, Church history, and images of Jesus. He was also invited to teach at the [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] in Rome in 1976-1977 and again in 2006.

He died suddenly on November 30, 2008. He was working on a major [[multimedia]] book project entitled ''Images of Jesus in Cultural Perspective''. Colleagues have assembled a volume honoring his life of scholarship: ''Resourcing New Testament Studies: Literary, Historical, and Theological Essays in Honor of David L. Dungan'', edited by Allan J. McNicol, J. Samuel Subramanian, and David B. Peabody (T & T Clark International, 2009).

==Publications by David Laird Dungan==
'''Books Authored'''

* ''Constantine's Bible: Politics and the Making of the New Testament'' (Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2006).

* ''A History of the Synoptic Problem: The Canon, the Text, the Composition, and the Interpretation of the Gospels'' (Yale University Press, 1999).

* ''Beyond the Q Impasse: Luke's Use of Matthew: A Demonstration by the Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies,'' co-authored with Allan J. McNicol, David B. Peabody, Lamar Cope, William R. Farmer, and Philip L. Shuler (Trinity Press International, 1996).

* ''The Sayings of Jesus in the Churches of Paul: The Use of the Synoptic Tradition in the Regulation of Early Church Life'' (Philadelphia: Fortress Press; Blackwell Publishers, 1971).

'''Books Edited'''
* ''International Bible Commentary: a Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century,'' co-edited with William R. Farmer, Dominique Barrios-Delgado, Armando Levoratti, and Sean McEvenue, English language edition (Liturgical Press, 1998).

* ''Documents for the Study of the Gospels,'' co-edited with David R. Cartlidge, revised and expanded edition (Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 1994). Originally published as ''Sourcebook of Texts for the Comparative Study of the Gospels: Literature of the Hellenistic and Roman Period Illustrating the Milieu and Character of the Gospels'', co-edited with David R. Cartlidge, Society of Biblical Literature (Scholars’ Press, 1974).

* ''The Interrelations of the Gospels: a Symposium Led by M É Boismard, W R Farmer, F Neirynck, Jerusalem 1984'', Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 95 (Louvain, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Pr, 1990; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002).

'''Articles and Essays Authored'''

* "The Bible and Ecology," co-authored with Dan Deffenbaugh, in ''International Bible Commentary: a Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century,'' edited by William R. Farmer, et al., English language edition (Liturgical Press, 1998).

* "What is the Synoptic Problem?" co-authored with John Kloppenborg, in ''International Bible Commentary: a Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century,'' edited by William R. Farmer, et al., English language edition (Liturgical Press, 1998).

* "'Eppur Si Muove': Circumnavigating the Mythical Recensions of Q," ''Soundings'' 78:3-4 (1995): 541-570.

* "The Year of Living Dangerously: An East–West Dialectic," co-authored with Linda Ehrlich, ''The New Orleans Film Review'' 19.3-4 (1993): 118-124.

* "The Two Gospel Hypothesis," ''Anchor Bible Dictionary'', vol. 5 (New York: Doubleday 1992), 671-679.

* "Response to the two-source hypothesis," in ''The Interrelations of the Gospels: a Symposium Led by M É Boismard, W R Farmer, F Neirynck, Jerusalem 1984'', Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 95 (Louvain, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Pr, 1990; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 201-216.

* "Synopses of the Future," in ''The Interrelations of the Gospels: a Symposium Led by M É Boismard, W R Farmer, F Neirynck, Jerusalem 1984'', Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 95 (Louvain, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Pr, 1990; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 317-347.

* "Jesus and Violence," in ''Jesus, the Gospels, and the Church. Essays in Honor of William R. Farmer'', edited by E. P. Sanders (Mercer University Press, 1987), 135 –162.

* "Critique of the Main Arguments for Mark's Priority as Formulated by B. H. Streeter," in ''The Two-Source Hypothesis: a Critical Appraisal'', edited by Arthur J. Bellinzoni, Jr., Joseph B. Tyson, and William O. Walker (Mercer Univ. Press, 1985; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 143-161.

* "Critique of the Q Hypothesis," in ''The Two-Source Hypothesis: a Critical Appraisal'', edited by Arthur J. Bellinzoni, Jr., Joseph B. Tyson, and William O. Walker (Mercer Univ. Press, 1985; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 427-433.

* "Synopses of the Future," ''[[Biblica (journal)|Biblica]]'' 66 (1985) 457–492.

* "A Griesbachian Perspective on the Argument from Order," in ''Synoptic Studies: The Ampleforth Conferences of 1982 and 1983'', edited by Christopher M. Tuckett, ''Journal for the Study of the New Testament'' Supplement Series #7 (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press 1984; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 67-74.

* "The Purpose and Provenance of the Gospel of Mark According to the 'Two Gospel' ([Owen-]Griesbach) Hypothesis," in ''Colloquy on New Testament Studies: a Time for Reappraisal and Fresh Approaches'', edited by Bruce C. Corley (Mercer Univ. Press, 1983; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 133-179. Repr. in ''New Synoptic Studies: the Cambridge Gospel Conference and Beyond'', edited by William R. Farmer (Mercer Uni. Press, 1983; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 411-440.

* "Theory of Synopsis Construction," ''[[Biblica (journal)|Biblica]]'' 61 (1980): 305–329.

* "Survey of Nineteenth Century ‘Lives of Jesus’," ''Religious Studies Review'' (Oct. 1978): 113–127.

* "''Lives of Jesus'' Series," review article co-written with James O. Duke, ''Religious Studies Review'' 4.4 (1978): 259-265.

* "Albert Schweitzer’s Disillusionment with the Historical Reconstruction of the Life of Jesus," in ''Perkins Journal'' 29 (1976): 27–48.

* "Reconsidering Albert Schweitzer," ''[[Christian Century]]'' 92.32 (8 Oct. 1975): 874-880.

* "New Testament Canon in Recent Study," ''[[Interpretation (journal)|Interpretation]]'' 29.4 (1975): 339-351.

* "Reactionary Trends in the Gospel Producing Activity of the Early Church: Marcion, Tatian, Mark," in ''L’évangile du Marc'', Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium #34, edited by M. Sabbe (Louvain Univ. Press 1974), 179–202.

* "Mark the Abridgment of Matthew and Luke," in ''Jesus and Man’s Hope'', vol. I, edited by D. Miller (Pittsburgh Theological Seminary Press, 1970), 51–79. Repr. in ''The Two Source Hypothesis: A Critical Appraisal'', edited by A. Bellinzoni (Mercer University Press, 1985).

==References==
* [http://www.legacy.com/KnoxNews/Obituaries.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonID=120960389 Obituary for David Laird Dungan, Knoxville News-Sentinel, 5 Dec. 2008.] [http://jwest.wordpress.com/2008/12/05/the-obituary-of-david-l-dungan/ Obituary, archived at Dr. Jim West's blog.]
* Charles H. Reynolds, David E. Linge, Ralph V. Norman, David R. Cartlidge, and Sean McEvenue, "David L. Dungan's Life and Work: A Cooperative Essay on a Collaborative Scholar," in ''Resourcing New Testament Studies: Literary, Historical, and Theological Essays in Honor of David L. Dungan'', edited by Allan J. McNicol, J. Samuel Subramanian, and David B. Peabody (T & T Clark International, 2009), 3-20.
* David Laird Dungan, [http://www.colby.edu/rel/2gh/BiblioDLD.htm "Published Works," Web Site for the Two Gospel Hypothesis, Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies] (This link is dead)
* Thomas R. W. Longstaff, [http://www.colby.edu/rel/2gh/ "A Web Site for the Two Gospel Hypothesis," Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies] (This link is dead)
* Stephen C. Carlton, [http://www.mindspring.com/~scarlson/synopt/index.html "The Synoptic Problem Home Page."] (This link is dead)

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Dungan, David Laird
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Dungan, David L.
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH = New Haven, Connecticut
| DATE OF DEATH = 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH = Tennessee
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungan, David Laird}}
[[Category:Harvard Divinity School alumni]]
[[Category:American religion academics]]
[[Category:Biblical scholars]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]

Frank Blackmore

2012-04-21T08:34:51Z

RogDel: Move "External links" section to bottom

'''Frank Blackmore''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] [[Distinguished Flying Cross (UK)|DFC]] (February 16, 1916 – June 5, 2008) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[traffic]] [[engineer]]. Blackmore was also the inventor of the [[mini-roundabout]].

Born in 1916 at Fort National, [[Algeria]], where his father worked as a [[missionary]]. Along with his sisters Lorna and Violette and brother William, he later moved to [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]], the birth country of his mother. He studied civil engineering until moving to Britain in 1936. He started to work for [[Colchester]] borough council until the outbreak of [[World War II]] when he joined the [[Royal Air Force]]. He was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] for his actions when he made an emergency landing on the beach at [[Ardnamurchan Point]]. He rose to the rank of wing commander and remained with the RAF until 1959.

In 1960 he joined the [[Transport Research Laboratory]]. This is where he came up with the idea of the mini-roundabout. During his time with the TRL he came up with several ideas to improve the flow of traffic at junctions. The mini-roundabout was officially adopted in 1975; he was appointed an OBE in 1976. He left the TRL in 1980. After he retired he continued to work as an overseas consultant in [[Bangkok]], [[Baghdad]] and [[California]].

Blackmore died on June 5, 2008. He is survived by two daughters and a son. His first wife, Ginon Dufour, died of [[tuberculosis]] in 1942. His second marriage to Eva Johnson was dissolved in 1969.

==References==
*[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx?n=violette-clarisse-bennett&pid=14591060&fhid=4797 Boston Globe- Obituary]
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article4131930.ece?token=null&offset=0 The Times - Obituary]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Blackmore, Frank
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 16, 1916
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = June 5, 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blackmore, Frank}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force officers]]
[[Category:British World War II pilots]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:English aviators]]

Asiata Saleʻimoa Vaʻai

2012-04-10T16:54:37Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash

Dr '''Asiata Alaelua Va’alepa Sale’imoa Va’ai''' (25 May 1945 – 2 September 2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=55670 |title=Samoa Democratic United Party leader dies |publisher=Radio New Zealand International |date=2010-09-02 |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref> was a [[Samoa]]n politician and lawyer. He was Member of [[Fono|Parliament]] for the territorial constituency of [[Satupa'itea]] and the leader of the [[Samoan United Independents Political Party]] and [[Samoan Democratic United Party]].

Asiata was the son of former Prime Minister [[Va'ai Kolone]] and the brother of [[Tautua Samoa Party|Tautua Samoa]] MP [[Va'ai Papu Vailupe]].<ref name=so1>{{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26329&Itemid=62 |title=‘I’ve lost a friend’ |publisher=Samoa Observer |date=2010-09-03 |accessdate=2010-09-04}}</ref> He worked as a [[barrister]] in Samoa and [[New Zealand]], before working for the [[Pacific Islands Forum]] secretariat in [[Suva]], [[Fiji]].<ref name=so1/> Later he served as president of the Samoa Law Society from 1985 to 1987 and of the Inter-Pacific Bar Association from 1998 to 2001.<ref name=so2>{{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26573&Itemid=103 |title=A warrior, statesman, loving father |publisher=Samoa Observer |date=2010-09-08 |accessdate=2010-09-09}}</ref>

Va’ai was elected to Parliament at the [[Samoan general election, 2001|2001 election]], representing the constituency of Satupa’itea. He was re-elected in [[Samoan general election, 2006|2006]], and became leader of the SDUP in August of that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=26488 |title=Samoa opposition leader Ropati dumped, |publisher=Radio New Zealand International |date=2006-08-31 |accessdate=2010-09-09}}</ref> As a result, the party fragmented, and ceased to be recognised by the Samoan Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islandsbusiness.com/archives/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=130/focusContentID=6954/tableName=mediaRelease/overideSkinName=newsArticle-full.tpl |title=Samoa Democratic United Party MPs become Independent MPs |publisher=Islands Business |date=2006-11-16 |accessdate=2010-09-09}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.parliament.gov.ws/popup_mop.cfm?mop=037 Profile] at the Samoan Fono.

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Vaai, Asiata Saleimoa
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1945-05-25
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 2010-09-02
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaai, Asiata Saleimoa}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of Samoa]]
[[Category:Samoan lawyers]]
[[Category:Samoan chiefs]]
[[Category:Samoan United Independents Political Party politicians]]

{{law-bio-stub}}
{{Samoa-politician-stub}}

Crispin Sorhaindo

2012-04-03T10:45:46Z

RogDel: Dates: n-dash

'''Crispin Anselm Sorhaindo''' [[OBE]] (May 23, 1931 – January 10, 2010) was the [[List of Presidents of Dominica|fourth President of Dominica]]. He served from October 25, 1993 until October 5, 1998.

Sorhaindo was born in 1931 in the village of [[Vieille Case]]. He attended the Vieille Case Government School where his father served as the principal. He subsequently attended the [[Dominica Grammar School]]. After some years in the public service, he was sent to study abroad at the Overseas Service Course at [[Trinity College, Oxford]] in 1956 and 1957 as well as the Royal Institute of Public Administration in 1963 and 1964, where he undertook the Public Finance Course.

From 1950 until 1973, Sorhaindo served in several public service posts including Clerk of the Executive and Legislative Councils, which preceded the establishment of the [[House of Assembly of Dominica|House of Assembly]]. He also served as the chief establishment officer, principal secretary, Ministry of Finance, and financial secretary.

In 1963, Sorhaindo served as the secretary of the Civil Service Commission on the Proposed East Caribbean Federation. There, he hoped to form a nation of "the little eight" that remained out of the collapsed [[West Indies Federation]] (1958–1962). In 1966, he served as a delegate to the London conference that designated Dominica as a self-governing Associated State of Britain until independence in 1978.

Sorhaindo was a committed regionalist and was instrumental in various occasions during Caribbean integration. He represented Dominica at the early conferences leading to the establishment of the [[Caribbean Free Trade Association]] (CARIFTA), the Caribbean Free Trade Area and [[CARICOM]], the Caribbean Common Market that succeeded it, as well as meetings that laid the foundations for the establishment of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) and the [[Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States]] (OECS).

Sorhaindo worked with the [[Caribbean Development Bank]] based in Barbados from 1973 until 1988. He served in various capacities, including as bank secretary, director and vice-president during his time at the bank.

Upon his return to Dominica in 1988, Sorhaindo accepted the position of Speaker of the Dominica House of Assembly. He served from 1989 until 1993, when he was elected as president. He served a single term which ended in 1998.

Sorhaindo was a devout [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] and served the church in many capacities as a member, chairman and president of committees and boards such as the Social Centre, Help Age International and REACH. In recognition of these services he received the Papal award of [[Order of St. Sylvester|Knight Commander of the Order of St. Sylvester]] in 1993. For service to the state, he was awarded the [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1969. He was also awarded the [[Venezuela]]n naval medal Almirante Luis Brion in 1998 and the Dominica Award of Honour in 2001.

Sorhaindo died on January 10, 2010 following a long battle with [[cancer]]. He was survived by his wife, the former Ruby Allport, and their six children.

==References==
*[http://presidentoffice.gov.dm/former_presidents/c_a_sorhaindo/cas_bio/crispin_anselm_sorhaindo.html Biography]
*[http://www.dominicanewsonline.com/?p=1479 Former head of state dies] - ''Obituary''

{{start box}}
{{succession box|
title=[[List of Presidents of Dominica|President of Dominica]]|
before=[[Clarence Seignoret]]|
after=[[Vernon Shaw]]|
years=1993–1998}}
{{end box}}

{{DominicaPres}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Sorhaindo, Crispin
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = May 23, 1931
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = January 10, 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sorhaindo, Crispin}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Presidents of Dominica]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House of Assembly of Dominica]]
[[Category:Dominica Roman Catholics]]

{{Dominica-politician-stub}}

[[ru:Сорхайндо, Криспин]]

Bree O’Mara

2012-03-25T07:47:31Z

RogDel: Move "External links" section to bottom

{{Infobox writer
| name = Bree O'Mara
| image =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Bridgid O'Mara
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1968|07|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Durban]], [[Natal Province]], [[South Africa]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|05|12|1967|12|27|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]]
| occupation = Novelist
| nationality = [[South African]]
| ethnicity = [[Irish people|Irish]]
| genre = Fantasy Drama Romantic
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Nigel Watson, Superhero'' ''Home Affairs''}}

'''Bridgid "Bree" O'Mara''' (4 July 1968 – 12 May 2010) was an Irish-South African novelist, ballet dancer, TV producer and air hostess who was killed in the crash of [[Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771]].<ref>[http://news.book.co.za/blog/2010/05/13/irish-south-african-author-bree-omara-killed-in-libya-plane-crash/ Book SA – News]</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
O'Mara was born in [[Durban]], [[Natal Province]], [[South Africa]] of Irish parentage and carried an Irish passport.<ref>
[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1278010/Libyan-plane-crash-Irish-author-Bree-OMara-dies-ash-cloud-delays-flight-UK.html Mail Online report]</ref> She attended the [[Maris Stella School]] in [[Durban]] during the early 1980s.<ref>[http://www.security.co.za/fullStory.asp?NewsId=16079 South Africans killed in crash that claimed more than 100 lives]</ref> After an early career in theater O'Mara worked as a flight attendant for [[Gulf Air]], before becoming a video producer in the Gulf States. After travelling through Canada and the United States, living briefly in [[Elkins, West Virginia]], she settled in London during the 1990s.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=vn20100513044910134C513391 News – Africa: [PIC<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Lone survivor shouts 'Holland, Holland'"]</ref> After living in [[Northamptonshire]] in the early 2000s. In 2003 she worked as a volunteer for Mondo Challenge in Tanzania. She returned to her childhood home of South Africa in 2005.

===Personal life===
At the time of her death, she lived in [[Kosmos, North West|Kosmos, Madibeng]] with her husband Chris Leach.<ref>[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=108969 SA relatives of crash victims fly to Libya]</ref>

===Death===
She was travelling in an aeroplane which crashed on her way to visit London for a meeting with publishers.<ref>[http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=126723,1,22 11 With links to SA killed in crash]</ref> She had previously been forced to abandon a scheduled appearance at the [[London Book Fair]] by the cancellation of flights to the UK resulting from the [[Eyjafjallajökull]] eruption.<ref>[http://www.londonbookfair.co.uk/page.cfm/action=ConfSpeaker/SpeakerID=429 London Book Fair – Speakers]</ref>

==Works==
* ''Home Affairs'' (2007) (winner of the Citizen Book Prize)<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8679996.stm South Africa author Bree O'Mara dies in Libya crash ]</ref>
* ''Nigel Watson, Superhero'' (scheduled for publication in 2010)

==Awards==
* 2007 [[The Citizen (South Africa)|Citizen]] Book Prize<ref name="prize">Jane L. "[http://30degreessouth.book.co.za/blog/ Book Launch: Home Affairs by Bree O’Mara ]", ''[[30degreessouth]]'', 30 January 2008, Retrieved 13 May 2010</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.breeomara.com/ Bree O'Mara official web site]


{{Persondata
|NAME= O'Mara, Bree
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= O'Mara, Bridgid
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Novelist
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1968-07-04
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Durban]] [[South Africa]]
|DATE OF DEATH= 2010-05-12
|PLACE OF DEATH= [[Tripoli]] [[Libya]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Omara, Bree}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish novelists]]
[[Category:People from Durban]]
[[Category:South African novelists]]
[[Category:South African film producers]]
[[Category:South African people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:South African ballet dancers]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Libya]]

{{SouthAfrica-writer-stub}}

Christopher Anvil

2012-03-18T03:40:52Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash

{{Infobox writer
| name = Harry C. Crosby, Jr.
| image =
| caption =
| pseudonym = Christopher Anvil
| birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1925|3|11}}
| birth_place = [[Norwich, Connecticut]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|2009|11|30|1925|3|11}}
| death_place = [[Cayuta, New York]], United States
| occupation = Novelist, short story author
| genre = [[Science fiction]]
| movement =
| magnum_opus =
| debutworks = "Cinderella, Inc."
| influences =
| influenced =
| website =}}

'''Christopher Anvil''' (March 11, 1925 – November 30, 2009<ref>"[http://www.locusmag.com/News/2009/12/christopher-anvil-1925-2009.html Christopher Anvil 1925-2009]", ''Locus'', December 9, 2009.</ref>) is a pseudonym used by American author '''Harry C. Crosby'''. He began publishing science fiction with the story "Cinderella, Inc." in the December 1952 issue of the science fiction magazine ''Imagination''. By 1956, he had adopted his pseudonym and was being published in ''[[Astounding Magazine]]''.

Anvil's repeated appearances in ''Astounding''/''Analog'' were due in part to his ability to write to one of [[John W. Campbell|Campbell]]'s preferred plots: alien opponents with superior firepower losing out to the superior intelligence or indomitable will of humans. A second factor is his stories are nearly always humorous throughout. Another was his characterization and manner of story crafting, where his protagonists slid from disaster to disaster with the best of intentions, and through exercise of fast thinking, managed to snatch victory somehow from the jaws of defeat.

According to [[David Weber]], who acknowledges being influenced by Anvil in the introduction to the anthology<ref>{{Cite book
|origdate=dated variously, mainly 1960's in ''[[Astounding Magazine|Analog Science Fiction and Fact]]'' (Science Fiction) Magazine
|date=First printing, April 2003
|title=The Interstellar Patrol
|last=Anvil|first=Christopher
|publisher=[[Baen Books|Baen Publishing Enterprises]]
|location=P.O. Box 1403, Riverdale, NY 10471
|url=http://www.baen.com
|isbn=0-7434-3600-8|others=edited by [[Eric Flint]], Cover art by Mark Hennessey-Barratt
|chapter=Introduction by [[David Weber]]
|quote=I'm delighted that someone is making Christopher Anvil's work available once again. Especially the Interstellar Patrol stories. Vaughan Roberts, Morrissey, and Hammell have always been three of my very favorite characters, and I've always loved Anvil's . . . peculiar sense of humor. I suppose, if I'm going to be honest, that Roberts' J-class ship is another of my favorite characters. In fact, although I hadn't realized it until I sat down to write this introduction, I suspect that there was a lot of the Patrol boat's computer hiding somewhere in the depths of my memory when I created Dahak for the [[Mutineers' Moon]] series. After all, Dahak is simply another self-aware ship kidnapping itself a captain on a somewhat larger scale. They even have a few personality traits in common.
|page=3
}}</ref> ''[[Interstellar Patrol]]'':

{{bquote|An Anvil character triumphs by shooting the rapids, by caroming from one obstacle to another, adapting and overcoming as he goes. In many ways, his characters are science-fiction descendents of Odysseus, the scheming fast thinker who dazzles his opponents with his footwork. Of course, sometimes it's a little difficult to tell whether they're dazzling an opponent with their footwork, or skittering across a floor covered in ball bearings. But Anvil has the technique and the skill to bring them out triumphant in the end, and watching them dance is such a delightful pleasure.<ref name="ISP-intro">[[David Weber]], Introduction to the anthology ''[[Interstellar Patrol]]'', First printing, April 2003 [[Baen Books|Baen Publishing Enterprises]], P.O. Box 1403, Riverdale, NY 10471, http://www.baen.com, ISBN 0-7434-3600-8, Cover art by Mark Hennessey-Barratt</ref>}}

Anvil's short story is "Pandora's Planet", which appeared first in ''Astounding Magazine'' in September 1956, has since been reprinted several times, including in the first volume of Anvil's works published in hardcover by Baen's Books, '' [[Pandora's Legions]]'', and was also expanded into a full-length novel.

Anvil also published a collection of stories taking place within the [[Federation of Humanity]] (The term originates in the sub-title of the third anthology title released by Baen: ''[[Interstellar Patrol II]]'', "The Federation of Humanity"<ref>[http://www.baen.com/author_catalog.asp?author=canvil Baen Books by Anvil], retrieved: 11-30-2007</ref>).<ref name="ISP01">{{Cite book|title=Interstellar Patrol|chapter=Editor's forward|last=Flint|first=Eric (ed.)|authorlink=Eric Flint
|isbn=
|quote=Without a doubt, Christopher Anvil's richest and most developed setting was what he and John Campbell—who edited Astounding/Analog magazine where most of the stories originally appeared—called "the Colonization series." Anvil wrote over thirty stories in that setting, ranging in length from short stories to the novel Warlord's World.
}}</ref> Anvil himself, as well as [[John W. Campbell|John Campbell]], referred to these stories as the ''Colonization Series'' prior to them being released as collections.<ref
name="ISP01"/> The stories deal with characters in different human government organizations, dealing with adventures, gadgetry and subterfuge both internal and external.

The bulk of Anvil's published writing consists of short stories, many of which have not yet been collected. Many of them are almost purely idea-driven science fiction. Some of the most striking, for example "Gadget vs. Trend", entirely lack dialogue and almost entirely lack characters; these stories consist of a series of newspaper reports or other similar materials. In these and other stories, Anvil's technique is to put forth a gadget, invention, or social trend and logically develop the consequences.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{isfdb name|name=Christopher Anvil|id=Christopher_Anvil}}
*[http://scifan.com/writers/aa/AnvilChristopher.asp Bibliography] at [[SciFan]]
*[http://www.baen.com/author_catalog.asp?author=canvil Baen Books by Anvil] and [http://www.baen.com/library/canvil.htm Books by Anvil] in the [[Baen Free Library]].
*[http://www.scifi-fantasy-info.com/christopher-anvil-bibliography.html Bibliography including short fiction] at [http://www.scifi-fantasy-info.com/bibliographies.html scifi-fantasy-info.com]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Anvil, Christopher
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 11, 1925
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Norwich, Connecticut]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH = November 30, 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Cayuta, New York]], United States
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anvil, Christopher}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Connecticut]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous writers]]

[[fr:Christopher Anvil]]
[[ja:クリストファー・アンヴィル]]
[[sv:Christopher Anvil]]

Ektor Kaknavatos

2012-03-10T03:58:52Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital dates

{{Refimprove|date=September 2007}}
'''Ektor Kaknavatos''' (Greek: ''Έκτωρ Κακναβάτος'') is the [[pen name]] of Greek poet and essayist '''Yorgis Kontoyorgis''' (1920 – 9 November 2010), who was born in Peireus, Greece. Between 1937 and 1941 he studied [[mathematics]] in Athens. After [[World War II]] he worked as a teacher of mathematics and then as a civil servant in the Ministry of education.

He appeared for the first time with the collection ''Fuga'' in 1943. After 18 years of silence, in 1961, he circulated in a small circle of friends the collection ''Diaspora'' (''Dissemination''). A pure [[surrealism|surrealist]], he experiences poetically-revolutionary the paradox of his Greek fate.

==Bibliography==

* ''Fuga'' (1943)
* ''I klimaka tou lithou – Diaspora'' (1961)
* ''Tetrapsifio me tin evdomi chordi'' (1972)
* ''Diigisi'' (1974)
* ''Odos Laistrygonon'' (1978)
* ''Ta machairia tis Kirkis'' (1981)
* ''Anastixi tou thrylou gia ta nefra tis politeias'' (1981)
* ''In perpetuum'' (1983)
* ''Kivotio tachytiton'' (1987)
* ''Oiakismoi tou Menesthea Kastelanou tou Mystros'' (1995)
* ''Chaotika I'' (1997)
* ''Ypsikaminizouses neoplasies'' (2001)
* ''Akarei'' (2001)
* ''Sta proso Iachis'' (2005)
* ''Vrachea ke Makra'' (2005)
* ''Sfodra airetiko imerologio tou 2000 (in cooperation with Spyros Kaniouras)'' (1999)
* ''To klarino i Safari sto verso tou pragmatikou'' (2005)

===Collected works===

* ''Piimata 1943–1974''
* ''Piimata 1978–1987''

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Kaknavatos, Ektor
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1920
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaknavatos, Ektor}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:Modern Greek poets]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]

[[es:Ektor Kaknavatos]]

Gaven Donne

2012-02-23T10:04:55Z

RogDel: Cleanup: vital name

{{Infobox person
| name = Gaven Donne
| image = Sir Gaven Donne KBE.jpeg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Gaven John Donne
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1914|5|8}}
| birth_place = [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2010|3|28|1914|5|8}}
| death_place =
| nationality = {{NZL}}
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation =
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
'''[[Sir]] Gaven John Donne''' [[Knight Commander of the British Empire|KBE]] (8 May 1914 – 28 March 2010) was a [[New Zealand]]-born former [[Chief Justice]] of [[Samoa]], [[Niue]], the [[Cook Islands]], [[Nauru]] and [[Tuvalu]].

Donne was born in [[Christchurch]] and educated at Palmerston North Boys' High, Hastings Boys' High, [[Victoria University of Wellington]] and the [[University of Auckland]].<ref name=smh>{{cite web |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/judge-who-toppled-a-government-dies-20100329-r7in.html |title=Judge who toppled a government dies |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |date=2010-03-29 |accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref> He was admitted to the bar in 1938, and became a magistrate in 1958.<ref name=smh/>

Donne had a long legal career in the Pacific. In 1969 he was seconded to the Supreme Court of Samoa, and in 1972 he was appointed Chief Justice. In 1975 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Cook Islands and Niue. In 1978, he presided over the electoral petitions resulting from the [[Cook Islands general election, 1978|1978 Cook Islands election]], which saw the [[Cook Islands Party]] of [[Albert Henry]] removed from power for electoral fraud.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.paclii.org/ck/cases/CKHC/1978/1.html |title=Hosking v Browne (1978) CKHC 1; Misc 21-30, 32.1978 |date=1978-07-24 |accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref>

In 1982 he was appointed as the first [[Queen's Representative]] to the Cook Islands.<ref name=scoop>{{cite web |url=http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2010/03/sir-gaven-donne-kbe/ |title=Sir Gaven Donne KBE |publisher=Scoop Media |date=2010-03-30 |accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref> After completing his term, he became Chief Justice of Nauru and Tuvalu.<ref name=scoop/>

Donne retired from the bench in 2001 making him one of the longest serving judges in the Southern Hempisphere.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/classifieds/linead.cfm?pillar=14&subpillar=103&adid=7394628001 |title=Sir Gaven John Donne death notice |publisher=New Zealand Herald |date=2010-03-29 |accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Queen's Representatives of the Cook Islands}}

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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| DATE OF DEATH = 28 March 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
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[[Category:2010 deaths]]
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[[Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni]]
[[Category:New Zealand military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Cook Island judges]]
[[Category:Niuean judges]]
[[Category:Samoan judges]]
[[Category:Nauruan judges]]
[[Category:Tuvaluan judges]]
[[Category:Queen's Representatives in the Cook Islands]]

{{NZ-bio-stub}}
{{CookIslands-stub}}

Anne Chapman

2012-02-17T07:49:41Z

RogDel: Move "External links" section to bottom

{{Distinguish|Anna Chapman}}
[[File:Anne Chapman.jpg|thumb|<center>Anne Chapman (2009).]]
'''Anne MacKaye Chapman''' (c. 1922 – June 12, 2010) was a [[France|Franco]]-[[United States|American]] [[ethnologist]]. She studied the [[Mesoamerican]] civilizations and especially the [[Tolupan]] ([[Jicaque]]) people of Honduras. She had visited [[Magallanes]] and [[Tierra del Fuego]] many times since 1965 to study the [[Fuegians|Fuegian peoples]] in depth, especially the [[Selk’nam]] and [[Yahgan]].

Concerning the Fuegian, she first became interested in the matter through [[Annette Laming-Emperaire|Joseph and Annette Emperaire]]. Her research was essential to understand the cultures of these peoples and she met the last members of the Selk’nam people: Lola Kiepja and [[Ángela Loij]].

Chapman wrote on many important anthropologic issues; possibly her most important work concerning the Fuegian was ''Drama and Power in a Hunting Society: The Selk’nam of Tierra del Fuego'' (1981). She also wrote ''La Isla de los Estados en la prehistoria: Primeros datos arqueológicos'' (1987, [[Buenos Aires]]), ''El Fin de Un Mundo: Los Selk'nam de Tierra del Fuego''' (1990, Buenos Aires), and three chapters listed in ''Cap Horn 1882-1883: Rencontre avec les Indiens Yahgan'' (1995, [[Paris]]), which contains many photographs taken by members of the French expedition to [[Cape Horn]] 1882-83 that are among the best of the Yahgans, ten of the [[Alakaluf]] in 1881 of the eleven who were kidnapped and taken to Paris and other [[Europe]]an cities, and six of the last Yahgans she took in 1964 and 1987.<ref>[http://www.thereedfoundation.org/rism/chapman/genealogy.htm Anne M. Chapman's curriculum vitae online]</ref>

Later she wrote ''Hain: Selknam Initiation Ceremony'' and ''End of a World: The Selknam of Tierra del Fuego'', both books includding a [[CD]] of Lola Kiepja's Hain chants (2003, Santiago de Chile). In 2004 she published ''El fenómeno de la canoa yagán'' (Universidad Marítima de Chile, [[Viña del Mar]]) and in 2006 both ''Darwin in Tierra del Fuego'' (Buenos Aires) and ''Lom: amor y venganza, mitos de los yámana'' (Santiago de Chile).

Her last book is entitled ''European Encounters with the Yamana People of Cape Horn, Before and After Darwin'' (2010, New York, Cambridge University Press), a narrative of the dramas played out from 1578 to 2000 in the Cape Horn area of [[Chile]] by the native people, the navigators, the missionaries and other Europeans.<ref>[http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521513791&ss=fro Cambridge University Press online catalogue]</ref>

She also made films about the lives of the last members of the Selk’nam and Yahgan tribes, including ''The Onas: Life and Death in Tierra del Fuego'' (1977, in collaboration with Ana Montes de González) and ''Homage to the Yahgans: The Last Indians of Tierra del Fuego and Cape Horn'' (1990), which was a finalist in the International Film and TV Festival of New York.<ref>[http://www.thereedfoundation.org/rism/chapman/genealogy.htm Anne Mackaye Chapman's web page]</ref>

==Awards==
*Doctor Honoris Causa. [[University of Magallanes]], [[Punta Arenas]], Chile (2003)
*Orden [[José Cecilio del Valle]] en grado de Caballero. Foreign Relations Ministry, [[Tegucigalpa]], [[Honduras]] as well as other honors by the [[Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia]] and the [[University of Honduras]] mainly for her work with the [[Tolupan]] of [[Montaña de la Flor]] and the [[Lencas of Intibuca]] (2005)
*Orden al Mérito Docente y Cultural [[Gabriela Mistral]] en el grado de Comendador. Given by the Chilean Ministry of Education (2005)

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.thereedfoundation.org/rism/chapman/index.htm Homepage]
*[http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521513791&ss=fro Anne Chapman's ''European Encounters with the Yamana People of Cape Horn, Before and After Darwin'']

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chapman, Anne}}
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[[Category:Mesoamerican anthropologists]]

[[fr:Anne Chapman]]

Philip Carlo

2012-02-16T02:25:16Z

RogDel: Vital dates: n-dash

'''Philip Carlo''' (April 18, 1949 – November 8, 2010) was a journalist and best selling biographer of [[Thomas Pitera]], [[Richard Kuklinski]], [[Anthony Casso]], and [[Richard Ramirez]].

==Life==
Philip Carlo was born in [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]], [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]]. From an early age, he was involved in gang activity. He was shot and wounded in a gang war.<ref>[http://www.philipcarlo.com The Website of Philip Carlo]</ref>

Carlo suffered from [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], and was bound to a wheelchair and respirator, but retained his ability to speak normally during his lifetime.

Despite his illness, in early November 2009, Carlo was able to appear on [http://www.Shovio.com Shovio's Talk Back TV], to take questions about his research.<ref>http://pcast1.shovio.com/players/pcastplayer.swf?purl=http://64.34.186.97/archives/RadioChick/200911/&fname=20091111.m4vs</ref>

He died of [[Lou Gehrig's disease]] on November 8, 2010 at age 61.

His last book, ''The Killer Within: In the Company of Monsters'' (which deals with his battle against ALS), was released posthumously in January 2011.

==Works==
'''Non-fiction:'''
*''The Night Stalker: The Life and Crimes of Richard Ramirez'' (1996) ISBN 1-57566-030-X
*''The Ice Man: Confessions of a Mafia Contract Killer'' (2006) ISBN 0-312-34928-9
*''Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss'' William Morrow (2008) ISBN 978-0061429842
*''The Butcher: Anatomy of a Mafia Psychopath'' William Morrow (2009) ISBN 978-0-06-174465-5
*''The Killer Within: In the Company of Monsters'' Overlook Press (2011) ISBN 978-1-59-020431-3

'''Novels:'''
*''Stolen Flower.'' (1988) ISBN 0-525-24484-0
*''Predators and Prayers.'' (2005) ISBN 0-8439-5576-7
*''Smiling Wolf.'' (2006) ISBN 0-8439-5678-X

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lettersonpages.com/?p=34 Book Review of The Ice Man at Letters On Pages]
*[http://www.shovio.com Shovio.com] Philip Carlo interview on Talk Back TV
*[http://www.sphinxradio.com/carlotribute.mp3 Sphinx Radio Philip Carlo Tribute Show]
*[http://failuremag.com/index.php/feature/article/the_ice_mans_greatest_hits/ Philip Carlo interview about The Ice Man (Failure magazine)]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Carlo, Phillip
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = November 8, 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carlo, Phillip}}
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
[[Category:American non-fiction crime writers]]
[[Category:Non-fiction writers about organized crime in the United States]]
[[Category:Deaths from motor neurone disease]]

{{US-nonfiction-writer-stub}}

[[eu:Philip Carlo]]
[[sk:Philip Carlo]]

Ajay Bhatt

2012-02-15T07:13:59Z

RogDel: Undid revision 476814156 by 49.137.94.158 (talk) shouldn't be boldface

{{Infobox person
| name = Ajay V. Bhatt
| image =Ajay Bhatt at Intel ISEF.jpg| caption = Bhatt at the 2010 [[Intel ISEF|Intel International Science and Engineering Fair]] in [[San Jose, California]]
| birth_date = 1952
| birth_place = India<ref name=OB2159>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonbusiness.com/articles/69-september-2009/2159-on-the-edge|title=On the edge|publisher=Oregon Business|first=Ben|last=Jacklet|month=September|year=2009|accessdate=September 23, 2009}}</ref>
| occupation = Chief Client Platform Architect at [[Intel]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm|accessdate=September 23, 2009|title=Intel Fellow – Ajay V. Bhatt|date=July 22, 2009}}</ref>
| ethnicity = Indian
| education = [[Graduation]] from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] [http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm] [[Master's degree|Masters]] from [[The City University of New York]] [http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm]
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| residence = [[Oregon]], [[USA]]<ref name=OB2159/>
| religion = [[Hindu]]{{fact|date=January 2012}}
| website =
}}
'''Ajay V. Bhatt'''<ref>[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/abhatt.htm Ajay Bhatt: Fellow] at [[Intel Corporation|Intel]]</ref> is an [[India]]n-[[United States of America|America]]n computer architect who helped define and develop several widely used technologies, including [[Universal Serial Bus|USB (Universal Serial Bus)]], [[Accelerated Graphics Port|AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)]], [[PCI Express]], Platform Power management architecture and various chipset improvements.

Ajay Bhatt rose to global celebrity as the co-inventor of USB through an Intel 2009 TV [[advertisement]], where he was portrayed by actor Sunil Narkar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/05/intel_ad_campaign_remakes_rese.html|title=Intel ad campaign remakes researchers into rock stars | Oregon Business News - - OregonLive.com|first=Mark Graves|publisher=[[The Oregonian]]|date=May 9, 2009|accessdate=September 23, 2009}}</ref>

== Biography ==
After completing his graduation from the [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], India, Bhatt received his master's degree from [[The City University of New York]], USA. Bhatt joined Intel corporation in 1990 as a senior staff architect on the chipset architecture team in Folsom. He holds thirty-one U.S. [[patents]], and several others are in various stages of filing. In 1998, 2003 and 2004, Bhatt was nominated to take part in a Distinguished Lecture Series at leading universities in the [[United States]] and [[Asia]]. He received an Achievement in Excellence Award for his contribution in PCI Express specification development in 2002.

Intel's Chief I/O architect responsible for the platform and I/O interconnects directions, Bhatt also leads definition and development of the next-generation Client Platform architecture.

Intel Fellows are selected for their technical leadership and outstanding contributions to the company and the industry.

On October 9, 2009, ''[[The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien]]'' did a comedy sketch featuring him that parodied Intel's "Rockstar" commercials.[http://www.engadget.com/2009/10/10/conan-obrien-talks-to-the-co-creator-of-usb-on-the-tonight-show/] Ajay Bhatt was featured in July 2010 issue of [[GQ#International_Editions|GQ India]][http://www.gqindia.com/], as one of "The 50 Most Influential Global Indians!"

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.eetimes.com/disruption/profiles/bhatt.jhtml Ajay Bhatt] at EETIMES: The Great Minds, Great Ideas Project
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubuQ_M5xpio Intel commercial - Ajay Bhatt] on [[YouTube]] [Video removed]
*[http://www.engadget.com/2009/10/10/conan-obrien-talks-to-the-co-creator-of-usb-on-the-tonight-show/ Ajay Bhatt Interview with Conan O'Brien]
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/gaspar/3520583135/ Photo] at [[Flickr]]
*[http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/02/04/ajay.bhatt.usb.inventor/index.html USB inventor is tech's unlikely 'rock star'], By John D. Sutter, February 4, 2010 - Ajay Bhatt on [[cnn|CNN.COM]]
*{{IMDb name|2357497|Sunil Narkar}}

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[[es:Ajay Bhatt]]
[[ml:അജയ് ഭട്ട്]]
[[pt:Ajay Bhatt]]
[[ru:Бхатт, Аджай]]
[[sq:Ajay Bhatt]]

André Bouchard

2012-02-14T07:37:12Z

RogDel: /* External links */ Cleanup: dates: box

'''André Bouchard''' (January 26, 1946 – 4 March 2010) was a Canadian [[ecologist]] and [[environmentalist]] who worked primarily at [[Université de Montréal]] (UdeM) and the [[Montreal Botanical Garden]] during his career. His specialties included [[landscape ecology]] and plant [[community ecology]], and he received several prizes over the course of his career.

==Biography==
Bouchard was born in 1946 in Montreal and grew up in [[Côte-des-Neiges]], although his family came from [[Saint-Anicet, Quebec|Saint-Anicet]], and maintained a secondary residence there.<ref name="fine"/><ref name="francoeur"/><ref name="soleil"/> His father, Louis G. Bouchard, was a successful leather goods supplier.<ref name="fine"/> He studied first at Collège Jean-De-Brébeuf before graduating with a degree in biological sciences from Université de Montréal. He went to [[McGill University|McGill]] and [[Cornell University]] for his postgraduate studies, which he completed in the 1970s.<ref group="note">His dissertation is dated from 1975, the same year he
became curator at the Botanical Garden.</ref><ref name="forumobit"/>

In 1975 he began teaching at his ''alma mater'' Université de Montréal, while simultaneously becoming curator at the Botanical Garden.<ref name="P0173"/> He would remain at the University until his death, and at the garden for 21 years.<ref name=forumobit/> As curator, his primary duty was directing research at the garden.<ref name="gingras"/> His own research discussed the flora of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] ([[Gros Morne National Park]] was the topic of his doctorate dissertation) and of southwestern Quebec.<ref name="projects"/><ref name="sauve"/><ref name=thibaudeau/> His creative use of notarized acts to study the evolution of Quebec forest since [[New France]] led to significant discoveries regarding the evolution of [[beech-maple forest]]s.<ref name=sauve/>

Beyond scientific work, he rapidly known for his involvement in various environmental debates, notably the fight to save the [[Bois de Saraguay]], an [[old-growth forest]] on the northern side of [[Montreal Island]] that was threatened by developers.{{#tag:ref|He would say of this that it was "like a fast-track doctorate in political science."<ref name=levesque/>|group=note}}<ref name=gingras/><ref name="levesque"/> Over the years, he was involved in numerous other debates, such as those over the Boisé du Tremblay in [[Longueuil]],<ref name="boise-du-tremblay"/> the Muir Forest in [[Hichinbrooke, Quebec|Hichinbrooke]]<ref name="muir"/> (now the [[Boisé-des-Muir Ecological Reserve]]) and, closer to home, the Little and Large Tea Field, two peat bogs in his native town of Saint-Anicet.<ref name="teafield2009"/><ref name="teafield2006"/> He was also a member of the 2004 [[Commission Coulombe]] whose report was to define provincial forest exploitation policy.<ref name="coulombe"/> Although he was well aware that he and his fellow commissioner would catch flak from the industry for the recommendations (which included a 20% reductions of wood cuts), he pushed forward with the belief that these were the right decisions to make.<ref name=sauve/>

Having been a close collaborator of [[Pierre Bourque (politician)|Pierre Bourque]], he was named director of the Botanical Garden in 1994 when Bourque had to leave the position following his election as mayor.<ref name=forumobit/><ref name=levesque/> It was a short stay, both because he had notified the administration he considered it an interim position, and because he was not comfortable with the complicated administrative apparatus connected to the position.<ref name=gingras/> In 2002, he became the first director of the newly-founded Institut de Recherche en Biology Végétale (IRBV), a position he occupied until 2006. All these years he continued to teach at the Université, and directed over 45 master's and doctorate students.<ref name=forumobit/> He also sat on the Montreal Heritage Council from 2006 to 2008,{{#tag:ref|About this stay, a fellow member of the Council noted: "he taught us that a council which fails to annoy is a useless council."<ref name="Tetreault"/>|group=note}} and the [[Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine]] board of directors,<ref name=francoeur/><ref name=forumobit/> as well as received prizes from the Quebec Association of Biologists (prix Georges-Préfontaine, 2005) and the [[Acfas]] (prix Michel-Jurdant for environmentalism, 1990).<ref name=francoeur/><ref name="thibaudeau"/>

In addition to his environmental and scientific work, he had a keen interest in history, both local and scientific. In 1998 he published a short historical account of the botanical garden, and in 2007 a compendium of correspondence from [[Marie-Victorin]]. At the time of his death, he was working on books about southern Quebec [[wetland]]s and a biography of Marie-Victorin.<ref name=francoeur/><ref name=sauve/> A great admirer of the man, he had retraced Marie-Victorin's work in Cuba and organized an exposition on the topic at the Garden.<ref name=sauve/> A founding member of the [[local history]] society of Saint-Anicet, he wrote several accounts of prominent locals such as [[Jules Léger|Jules]] and [[Paul-Émile Léger]], whose families had local ties.<ref name="SHSA"/> He had also been heavily involved on two book projects on the local church and the municipality as a whole.<ref name="soleil"/>

Bouchard died unexpectedly from [[heart attack]] on March 4, 2010, in Montreal's [[Central Station (Montreal)|Central Station]], a few months from his planned retirement.<ref name=francoeur/> Bourque presented his condolences,<ref name="condoleances"/> and flags at the Botanical Garden were flown [[half-staff]] for several days.<ref name="berne"/> He was married with three children.<ref name="fine"/><ref name="pleurent"/> In June 2010, he was a granted a posthumous ''[[honoris causa]]'' doctorate from [[Université Laval]].<ref name="laval"/>

==Selected publications==
{{refbegin}}
* Bouchard, André, and Paul F. Maycock. (1970) "A phytogeographical and phytosociological study of ''Viola rotundifolia'' in Eastern Canada." ''Canadian Journal of Botany''. '''48'''(12):2285-2302. {{doi|10.1139/b70-331}}
* ——————— (1970) ''[http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=48975&current_base=GEN01 The phytosociology of the northern conifer-hardwoods of the Appalachian foothills in Southern Quebec]''. M.Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. {{OCLC|56536699}}
* Auclair, Allan N., André Bouchard, and Josephine Pajaczkowski. (1973) "Plant composition and species relations on the Huntingdon Marsh, Québec." ''Canadian Journal of Botany'' '''51'''(6):1231-1247. {{doi|10.1139/b73-154}}
* ——————— (1975) ''Natural Resources Analysis of a Section of the Gros Morne National Park, in Newfoundland, Canada''. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. {{OCLC|3013761}}
* Auclair, Allan N., André Bouchard and Josephine Pajaczkowski. (1976) "Productivity Relations in a ''Carex''-Dominated Ecosystem." ''[[Oecologia]]'' '''26'''(1):9-31. {{doi|10.1007/BF00345650}}
* ———————, Stuart Hay and [[Ernest Rouleau]]. (1978) "[http://www.botanicus.org/page/880173 The vascular flora of St-Barbe South District, Newfoundland: An interpretation based on biophysiographic areas]." ''[[Rhodora (journal)|Rhodora]]'' '''80'''(822):228-308.
* ———————, Denis Barabé, Madeleine Dumais and Stuart Hay. (1983) ''Les plantes vasculaires rares du Québec = The rare vascular plants of Québec.'' "Syllogeus", '''48''' ({{issn|0704-576X}}). 79 p.
* ———————, Denis Barabé, Yves Bergeron, Madeleine Dumais and Stuart Hay. (1985) "La phytogéographie des plantes vasculaires rares du Québec." ''[[Le Naturaliste canadien]]'' ({{issn|0028-0798}}) '''112'''(2):283-300.
* ———————, Stéphan Dyrda, Yves Bergeron, and Alain Meilleur. (1989) "The use of notary deeds to estimate the changes in the composition of 19th century forests, in Haut-Saint-Laurent, Québec." ''Canadian Journal of Forest Research'' '''19'''(9):1146-1150. {{doi|10.1139/x89-173}}
* ———————, Stuart Hay, Luc Brouillet, Martin Jean and Isabelle saucier. (1991) ''Les plantes vasculaires rares de l'Île de Terre-Neuve = The rare vascular plants of the Island of Newfoundland.'' "Syllogeus", '''65'''. 165 p. ISBN 0-660-50311-5
* ——————— 1992. ''Journal de voyage en Chine. Une famille Québécoise au Pays du Milieu''. Montréal: Méridien. 280 p. ISBN 2-89415-073-3
* Simard, Hélène, and André Bouchard. (1996) "The precolonial 19th century forest of the Upper St.Lawrence region of Quebec: a record of its exploitation and transformation through notary deeds of wood sales." ''Canadian Journal of Forest Research'' '''26'''(9):1670-1676. {{doi|10.1139/x26-188}}
* ——————— and Francine Hoffman (1998) ''Le Jardin botanique de Montréal: esquisse d'une histoire''. Saint-Laurent: Fides. 112 p. ISBN 2-7621-2057-8
* Charest, René, Luc Brouillet, André Bouchard, and Stuart Hay. (2000) "The vascular flora of Terra Nova National Park, Newfoundland, Canada: a biodiversity analysis from a biogeographical and life-form perspective." ''Canadian Journal of Botany''. '''78'''(5):629-645. {{doi|10.1139/cjb-78-5-629}}
* ——————— and Martin Jean. (2001) "Historique d'un paysage de tourbières profondément transformé par l'homme" In Serge Payette and Line Rochefort (eds.). ''Écologie des tourbières du Québec-Labrador''. Quebec City: Presses de l'Université Laval. pp. 389–398. ISBN 2-7637-7773-2
* Domon, Gérald, and André Bouchard. (2007) "The landscape history of Godmanchester (Quebec, Canada): two centuries of shifting relationships between anthropic and biophysical factors." ''Landscape Ecology'' '''22'''(8):1201-1214. {{doi|10.1007/s10980-007-9100-z}}
* ———————, ed. (2007) ''Marie-Victorin à Cuba. Correspondance avec le frère Léon''. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. 217 p. ISBN 978-2-7606-2066-7
* ——————— (2007) "Sur le chemin de Marie-Victorin à Holguin, Cuba." ''Quatre-temps'' ({{issn|0820-5515}}) '''31'''(3):8-12.
* Laliberté, Étienne, André Bouchard and Alain Cogliastro. (2008) "Optimizing hardwood reforestation in old fields: the effects of treeshelters and environmental factors on tree seedling growth and physiology." ''Restoration Ecology'' '''16'''(2):270-280. {{doi|10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00270.x}}
* ——————— (2008) "Sur le chemin de Marie-Victorin à la Punta de Maisí, Cuba." ''Quatre-temps'' '''32'''(3):8-11.
* ——————— (2009) "Sur le chemin de Marie-Victorin à Trinidad et Topes de Collantes, Cuba." ''Quatre-temps'' '''33'''(3):42-46.
{{refend}}

==Notes and references==
;Notes
{{reflist|group="note"}}
;References
{{reflist|2|close=1|refs=

<ref name=P0173>{{cite web| title=Fonds André Bouchard |url=http://www.archiv.umontreal.ca/P0000/P0173.html |accessdate= March 20, 2010 |date=September 21, 2005 |work=Catalogue des archives |publisher=Université de Montréal, Service de la gestion de documents et des archives}}</ref>

<ref name=SHSA>{{cite web|last=Ryan |first=Kelly |coauthors= Hélène Bissonnette| title=Fonds d’Archives de la Société Historique de Saint-Anicet |url=http://www.mrchsl.com/sites/mrchsl.com/files/mrchsl.com/Catalogue%20-%20SHSA.pdf |accessdate=March 20, 2010 |date=May 30, 2008 |work=Catalogue des archives|publisher=MRC du Haut-Saint-Laurent}}</ref>

<ref name=Tetreault>{{cite newspaper|last=McNichols Tétreault |first=Gérald |title=Disparition d'un homme utile |newspaper=Le Devoir |date=March 10, 2010 |url=http://www.ledevoir.com/environnement/actualites-sur-l-environnement/284621/lettres-disparition-d-un-homme-utile |accessdate=March 13, 2010 |page=A6 |language=French}}</ref>

<ref name=berne>{{cite press release |title=Les drapeaux du Jardin botanique de Montréal mis en berne pour honorer la mémoire d'André Bouchard |url=http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/jardin/propos/andre_bouchard.htm |publisher=Montreal Botanical Garden |date=March 10, 2010 |accessdate=March 20, 2010 |language=French}}</ref>

<ref name=boise-du-tremblay>{{cite news |last=Côté |first=Charles |title=À la rescousse du Boisé du Tremblay |date=September 26, 2003 |newspaper=La Presse |page=A4}}</ref>

<ref name=condoleances>{{cite press release |title=Le maire de Montréal offre ses condoléances suite au décès d'André Bouchard |url=http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=5798,42657625&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&id=13930 |publisher=City of Montréal |date=March 5, 2010 |accessdate=March 10, 2010 |language=French}}</ref>

<ref name=fine>{{Cite news| last = Fine| first = Philip| date = May 21, 2010| title = Quebec ecologist took a Zen approach to environmental battles |url=http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20100521.OBBOUCHARD21ATL/BDAStory/BDA/deaths | newspaper = [[Globe and Mail]] |accessdate = July 21, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=coulombe>{{cite web |url=http://www.commission-foret.qc.ca/membres.htm |title=Membres et organisation |publisher=Commission d’étude sur la gestion de la forêt publique québécoise |accessdate=March 10, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=forumobit>{{cite press release |title=Décès d'un très grand collaborateur du Jardin botanique et de l'UdeM |url=http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/campus/in-memoriam/deces-dun-tres-grand-collaborateur-du-jardin-botanique-et-de-ludem.html |publisher=Université de Montréal |date=March 5, 2010 |accessdate=March 10, 2010 |language=French}}</ref>

<ref name=francoeur>{{cite newspaper|last=Francoeur |first=Gilles |title=Mort du biologiste québécois André Bouchard |newspaper=[[Le Devoir]] |date=March 6, 2010 |url=http://www.ledevoir.com/environnement/actualites-sur-l-environnement/284488/mort-du-biologiste-quebecois-andre-bouchard |accessdate=March 8, 2010 |page=A6 |language=French}}</ref>

<ref name=gingras>{{cite news |last=Gingras |first=Pierre |title=Lise Cormier dirigera le Jardin botanique |date=January 24, 1995 |newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]] |page=A4}}</ref>

<ref name=laval>{{cite press release |url=http://www.relationsmedias.ulaval.ca/comm/2010/juin/sept-recipiendaires-doctorat-honoris-causa-lors-2751.html |title=Sept récipiendaires d’un doctorat honoris causa lors des collations de grades 2010 de l'Université Laval |publisher=Université Laval |date=June 2, 2010 |accessdate=July 30, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=levesque>{{cite news |last=Lévesque |first=Kathleen |title=Un militant écologiste au Jardin botanique |date=July 12, 1994 |newspaper= Le Devoir |page=A3}}</ref>

<ref name=muir>{{cite news |last=Bonhomme |first=Jean-Pierre |title=Des scientifiques réclament la protection d'une forêt «intacte» |date= March 3, 1992|newspaper=La Presse |page=A8}}</ref>

<ref name=pleurent>{{cite press release |url=http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/jardin/medias/communique_andre_bouchard.pdf |title=Le Jardin botanique de Montréal et l'Université de Montréal pleurent le décès d'un très grand collaborateur |publisher=[[Montreal Botanical Garden]] |date=March 5, 2010 |accessdate=March 10, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=projects>{{cite web |work=Personnel: Professeurs et chercheurs |title=André Bouchard: Projets |publisher=Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale |url=http://www.irbv.umontreal.ca/bouchard-labo.htm |accessdate=March 8, 2010 |language=French}}</ref>

<ref name=sauve>{{cite newspaper |last= Sauvé |first=Mathieu-Robert |title=Adieux à un homme de nature et de culture |url=http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/campus/in-memoriam/20100315-adieux-a-un-homme-de-nature-et-de-culture.html |date=March 15, 2010 |newspaper=Forum |publisher=Université de Montréal |accessdate=March 20, 2010 |page=3 }}</ref>

<ref name=soleil>{{Cite news| last = Pitre| first = Mario| date = March 13, 2010| title = Décès d'André Bouchard, figure marquante du Haut Saint-Laurent |url=http://monteregieweb.com/main+fr+01_300+Deces_d_Andre_Bouchard_figure_marquante_du_Haut_SaintLaurent.html?ArticleID=631030&JournalID=13 | newspaper = Le Soleil de Valleyfield |accessdate = March 13, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=teafield2006>{{cite news |last=Côté |first=Charles |title=Un riche fermier et député fait un don écologique majeur |date=May 12, 2006 |newspaper=La Presse |page=A6}}</ref>

<ref name=teafield2009>{{cite news |last=Francoeur |first=Louis-Gilles |title=Victoire dans la saga des tourbières du Small et du Large Tea Field |url=http://www.ledevoir.com/environnement/nature/246152/victoire-dans-la-saga-des-tourbieres-du-small-et-du-large-tea-field |date=April 17, 2009 |newspaper=Le Devoir |accessdate=March 20, 2010 |page=B8}}</ref>

<ref name=thibaudeau>{{cite news |last=Thibaudeau |first=Carole |title=La passion de l'environnement mérite un prix au biologiste André Bouchard |date=May 18, 1990 |newspaper=La Presse |page=C12}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*[http://www.irbv.umontreal.ca/english/bouchard-pub.htm Published works]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pierre Bourque (politician)|Pierre Bourque]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Director of the [[Montreal Botanical Garden]] |creation=(interim) |years=April 1994 – January(?) 1995}}
{{s-aft|after=Lise Cormier}}
{{s-end}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Bouchard, André
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Quebec ecologist and land use planning specialist.
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 26, 1946
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| DATE OF DEATH = March 4, 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH = Montreal, Quebec
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bouchard, Andre}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Université de Montréal faculty]]
[[Category:Université de Montréal alumni]]
[[Category:McGill University alumni]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:Canadian ecologists]]
[[Category:Canadian environmentalists]]
[[Category:People from Montérégie]]

Selma Al-Radi

2012-02-07T09:53:17Z

RogDel: Remove the redundant space between sections

[[File:Selma Al-Radi.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Al-Radi in 2003]]
'''Selma Al-Radi''' (July 23, 1939 – October 7, 2010) was an [[Iraq]]i [[Archaeology|archaeologist]] who began and led the over twenty-year restoration of the [[Amiriya Madrasa]], which is under consideration as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name="nytimes">"Selma Al-Radi, Restored Historic Madrasa, Dies at 71" "New York Times", 14 Oct 2010 [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/15/world/15alradi.html]</ref><ref name="tabsir">"In Memoriam: Selma Al-Radi" "Tabsir: Insight on Islam and the Middle East", 11 Oct 2010 [http://tabsir.net/?p=1263]</ref><ref name="signalnoise">"Selma Al-Radi 1939-2010" "Qais Al-Awqati: The Signal and the Noise"[http://qaisalawqati.blogspot.com/2010/10/selma-al-radi-1939-2010.html]</ref>

Selma Al-Radi was born in Baghdad, Iraq but her childhood was spent in Iran and later in India where her father Muhammed Selim Al-Radi was the Iraqi Ambassador. She obtained her BA at Cambridge University in [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], Hebrew and Persian. Her tutor was Joan Oates, a noted Mesopotamian Archeologist. After graduation she returned to Baghdad where she began working in the Iraqi Museum.

Along with her cousin Lamya Gailani they was the first women in Iraq to go on archeological excavations as representatives of the Archeological service. One of her first assignments was to accompany the team led by David Oates (the husband of her tutor) which discovered a large cache of the celebrated [[Nimrud Ivories]], many of which were restored by Selma giving her a first taste of restoration. She then obtained her Masters degree in Art History and Archeology at Columbia University in New York in 1967 under the tutelage of Edith Porada. On her return she continued to work in the Department of Antiquities and the Museum. The family left Iraq to settle in Beirut where Selma began teaching at the American University of Beirut (1969-1974). She enrolled in the University of Amsterdam for her PhD degree. Her supervisors were Maurits van Loon from Amsterdam and Edith Porada from Columbia University. The University of Amsterdam did not require students to be resident for their graduate degrees after all their courses were completed. Her PhD research was performed in a neolithic site in Cyprus, Phlamoudhi Vounari and her thesis was published in 1983<ref> Al-Radi, Selma. "Phlamoudhi Vounari: A Sanctuary Site in Cyprus", Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, vol. LXV, Goteborg.</ref>.

In 1977 she audaciously took on the position of an adviser to the National Museum of Yemen in Sana'a and Yemen was to remain the focus of most of her work. There, she conducted many archeological surveys participated in digs, energized the field of restoration of buildings especially mud brick palaces in the Hadhramawt. But her chef d'oeuvre was to be the restoration of the [[Amiriya Madrasa]] probably not a madrassa (school) but rather a large palace with a beautiful small mosque. In collaboration with the ANtiquites Department led by Qadi Ismail Al-Aqwa' she began in 1983 to restore the structure of this massive building which was about to fall down. Using local craftsmen whose expertise was handed down in the same families for generations she resuscitated the ancient medieval craft of building in Yemen. In particular she re-invented the ancient plastering method of ''Qudad'', a water-proofing cement similar in many ways to ancient Roman [[pozzolana]]. After laborious experimentation they discovered the correct mixtures of volcanic ash and slaked lime. The results were published in <ref>Selma Al-Radi,1995 The Amiriya Madrasa in Rada', Yemen (Oxford University Press)</ref>. The large cadre of masons and qudad workers became a school of restoration after the project gained international attention. Many of the workers were hired to restore old mansions in Yemen or to use the same methods to build new ones there. She was a tireless campaigner for raising funds for the building restoration from the Dutch and Yemeni Governments.

When the structure was stabilized she turned her attention to the beautifully painted mosque. The sanctuary was painted with murals in colorful designs, part of a long tradition of painted wooden and plaster ceilings in Yemen from the early medieval period on. Selma had documented the existence of these painted mosques, a unique feature in Islamic Architecture and Yemen was particularly rich in these structures. Selma documented as many as 40 of these mosques. A five year project began with the Centro di Conservazione Archaeologica in Rome led by Roberto Nardi to conserve and restore the paintings. Students were involved in the training. Selma herself cleaned the intricately carved stucco decoration which had been covered with decades of whitewash using fine dental tools. The result was magnificent. Another book followed with emphasis on restoration of the stucco and paintings <ref>2005 AMIRIYA MADRASA: The Conservation of the Mural Paintings. Selma Al-Radi Roberto Nardi Chiara Zizola. Centro di Conservazione Archeologica, S.r.l.</ref>
''[[The New York Times]]'' described the project as "an immense undertaking" and the Madrasa as "one of the great treasures of Islamic art and architecture."<ref name="nytimes" />

==Awards==
In 2005 Al-Radi received the Yemen Presidential Medal of Culture. In 2007.<ref name ="tabsir"/>In 2007, Al-Radi and Yahya Al-Nasiri received the [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] for their work in the restoration.<ref name="nytimes" /><ref>"2007 Cycle Awards Recipients" "The Aga Khan Development Network"[http://www.akdn.org/architecture/awards.asp?tri=2007]</ref>

==Family==
Al-Radi was the sister of [[Nuha al-Radi]], the author of ''Baghdad Diaries''<ref>Nuha Al-Radi, Baghdad Diaries Vintage Books 1998</ref>." Al-Radi was married to Qais Al-Awqati, a Professor of Medicine and Physiology at [[Columbia University]].<ref name="signalnoise" /> Her son Rakan Ammar Zahawi from her first marriage is an environmental scientist who is the head of the [[Las Cruces Biological Station]] in Costa Rica.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Al-Radi, Selma
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Iraqi archaeologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = July 23, 1939
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Baghdad, Iraq
| DATE OF DEATH = October 7, 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Radi, Selma}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Iraqi archaeologists]]
[[Category:Women archaeologists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Amsterdam alumni]]
[[Category:People from Baghdad]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in New York]]

Leonard Weinglass

2012-02-03T08:03:22Z

RogDel: Cleanup: dates: lead section

[[File:Leonard Weinglass.jpg|thumb|right|Leonard Weinglass]]

'''Leonard Irving Weinglass''' (August 27, 1933 – March 23, 2011) was a U.S. criminal defense lawyer and constitutional law advocate. Weinglass graduated from [[Yale Law School]] in 1958, then served as a Captain Judge Advocate in the [[United States Air Force]] from 1959 to 1961. He was admitted to the bar in [[New Jersey]], [[New York]], [[Connecticut]] and [[California]]. He taught criminal trial advocacy at the [[University of Southern California]] Law School from 1974 to 1976, and at the [[People's College of Law]], in [[Los Angeles, California]] from 1974 to 1975.

==Career==
Weinglass championed a number of liberal and radical causes. An expert in constitutional law, he served as co-chairman of the international committee of the [[National Lawyers Guild]]. Along with attorney [[William Kunstler]], Weinglass represented the [[Chicago 7]] in their 1968 trial. He also participated in the defense of [[Daniel Ellsberg]] and [[Anthony Russo (whistleblower)|Anthony Russo]], who were charged with leaking the [[Pentagon Papers]] and whose trial ended in a dismissal of all charges. In 1970, he represented and won the acquittal of [[Angela Davis]] who was charged with participation in the abduction and murder of a local judge. {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

Other prominent clients included [[Kathy Boudin]], a member of the Weather Underground charged with felony murder for her participation in an armed robbery; anti-war activist Ron Kaufman; [[Bill Harris|Bill]] and [[Emily Harris (SLA)|Emily Harris]] (of the [[Symbionese Liberation Army|SLA]]) and [[Jimi Simmons]], among others. He was the lead defense attorney for [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] for several years. In 1995, he authored a book about Abu-Jamal's case entitled ''Race for Justice: Mumia Abu Jamal's Fight Against the Death Penalty''. {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

In 1972, Weinglass took on the defense of [[John Sinclair (poet)|John Sinclair]], Chairman of the [[White Panther Party]] in [[Detroit, Michigan]]. The case became [[United States v. U.S. District Court]], 407 U.S. 297 (1972) on appeal to the [[United States Supreme Court]], a landmark decision prohibiting the government's use of electronic [[surveillance]] without a warrant. {{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

In 1985, Weinglass successfully defended [[Stephen Bingham]], an attorney accused of smuggling a handgun to [[George Jackson (Black Panther)|George Jackson]] in [[San Quentin Prison]] setting off an escape attempt that resulted in the death of Jackson, two other inmates, and three prison guards.<ref name="The Day-January 7, 1985">{{cite news|title=Last vestiges of radical movement will go on trial in Bingham case|author=Larry D. Hatfield|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RDlSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RzYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4907%2C1089678|newspaper=The Day|publisher=The Day Publishing Company|location=New London, Connecticut|date=January 7, 1985|pages=1, 4|accessdate=July 15, 2011}}</ref>

Weinglass was the lead appellate attorney for the [[Cuban Five]] from 2002 until his death in 2011.<ref name=Guardian>Interview with [[Duncan Campbell (The Guardian)|Duncan Campbell]], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 2007-01-09, G2 Section pp 10-13 (available online [http://www.guardian.co.uk/cuba/story/0,,2237566,00.html '''here''']), entitled "Society has become more punitive", Weinglass reviewed four decades as a defense lawyer.</ref>

==Last years==
Up until the last year of his life, Weinglass continued to take on cases. He saw no reason to stop: ''"the typical call I get is the one that starts by saying 'You are the fifth attorney we've called'. Then I get interested."''<ref name=Guardian/>

==Death==
Leonard Weinglass died on March 23, 2011, aged 78, from pancreatic cancer, in New York City.

==Awards==
* 1974: First recipient of the [[Clarence Darrow]] Award.
* 1980: Humanitarian Award for 1980 of the [[First Unitarian Church, Los Angeles|First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles]]
* 1994: Outstanding Achievement Award (California Attorneys for Criminal Justice)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.refuseandresist.org/mumia/1995/weinglasscv.html Curriculum Vitae of Leonard I. Weinglass]
* [http://www.americas.org/item_24943 "Cuba's War Against Terrorism" by Leonard Weinglass] ''[[Le Monde diplomatique]] February 8, 2006''
* [http://mondoweiss.net/2011/04/my-friend-len-weinglass-1933-2011.html My friend Len Weinglass (1933-2011), by Michael Steven Smith]

{{Chicago Seven}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Weinglass, Leonard Irving
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American lawyer and human rights activist
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 27, 1933
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = March 23, 2011
| PLACE OF DEATH = New York, New York, U.S.}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weinglass, Leonard}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:American lawyers]]
[[Category:Chicago Seven]]
[[Category:American human rights activists]]
[[Category:Mumia Abu-Jamal]]
[[Category:American civil rights lawyers]]
[[Category:Yale Law School alumni]]
[[Category:United States Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in New York]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]

[[pt:Leonard Weinglass]]