https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Robodoc.at 2025-04-28T08:09:58Z Benutzerbeiträge MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.25 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extrauteringravidit%C3%A4t&diff=95163433 2004-07-19T10:57:24Z

<p>Robodoc.at: de:</p> <hr /> <div>An '''ectopic pregnancy''' is one in which the [[fertilize]]d [[ovum]] is implanted in any tissue other than the [[uterus|uterine]] wall. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the [[Fallopian tube]] (so-called ''tubal pregnancies''), but implantation can also occur in the [[cervix]], [[ovary|ovaries]], and [[abdomen]].<br /> <br /> In a normal [[pregnancy]], the fertilized egg enters the [[uterus]] and settles into the [[uterine lining]] where it has plenty of room to divide and grow. In a typical ectopic pregnancy, the egg does not reach the uterus, but instead adheres to the wall of the Fallopian tube. As the [[embryo]] grows, the tube becomes stretched and inflamed, causing extreme pain in the pregnant woman. If left untreated, the affected Fallopian tube will likely burst, causing [[gynecologic hemorrhage]] and endangering the life of the woman.<br /> <br /> == Causes ==<br /> <br /> === Cilia damage and tube occlusion ===<br /> <br /> Hair-like [[cilia]] located on the internal surface of the Fallopian tubes carry the fertilized egg to the uterus. Damage to the cilia, or blockage of the Fallopian tubes is likely to lead to an ectopic pregnancy.<br /> <br /> Women with [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] (PID) have a high occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. This results from the build-up of [[scar tissue]] in the Fallopian tubes, causing damage to cilia and possible tube occlusion.<br /> <br /> Tubal surgery, such as [[tubal ligation]] (or the reversal thereof), is also likely to cause cilia damage. And because ectopic pregnancy is treated with tubal surgery, a history of ectopic pregnancy increases the risk of future occurrences.<br /> <br /> === Excessive estrogen and progesterone ===<br /> <br /> High levels of [[estrogen]] and [[progesterone]] increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy because these [[hormone]]s slow the movement of the fertilized egg through the Fallopian tube. The use of [[progesterone]]-secreting [[intrauterine device]]s (IUDs), the [[morning-after pill]], and other hormonal methods of [[contraception]] often result in high estrogen and progesterone concentration and a subsequent increase in the risk of ectopic pregnancy.<br /> <br /> == Symptoms ==<br /> <br /> * irregular [[menstrual cycle]]<br /> * abnormal [[vagina]]l bleeding<br /> * lower [[back]], [[abdomen|abdominal]], or [[pelvis|pelvic]] pain<br /> * [[cramp]]ing on one side of the pelvis<br /> <br /> == Diagnosis ==<br /> <br /> Ectopic pregnancy can be diagnosed with a positive [[pregnancy test]] and [[ultrasound]] that reveals an empty uterus.<br /> <br /> A [[laparoscopy]] or [[laparotomy]] can also be performed to visibly confirm an ectopic pregnancy within the abdominal or pelvic cavity.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> === Nonsurgical treatment ===<br /> <br /> Early treatment of an ectopic pregnancy with the drug [[methotrexate]] has proven to be a viable alternative to surgical treatment since [[1993]]. If administered early in the pregnancy, methotrexate can disrupt the growth of the developing embryo causing the cessation of pregnancy.<br /> <br /> === Surgical treatment ===<br /> <br /> If hemorrhaging has already occurred, surgical laparotomy is necessary to halt blood loss and reduce the risk of [[shock]]. Laparotomy often includes repair of the affected Fallopian tube and removal of the developing embryo.<br /> <br /> == Related topics == <br /> <br /> * [[gynecologic hemorrhage]]<br /> * [[medical emergency]]<br /> * [[fetus in fetu]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000895.htm Ectopic Pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[de:Extrauteringravidität]]</div>

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