Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Kinloch Castle

2013-04-25T16:26:46Z

Regregex: rm 'HRH' per MOS:HONORIFIC, 'Dr' per WP:CREDENTIAL, blockquotes, fixed repeat linkage, typos fixed: , → , (2) using AWB

{{infobox historic site
|name=Kinloch Castle
|image=Kinloch Castle.jpg
|caption = Kinloch Castle
|locmapin = Scotland Highland
|map_caption = Location in Highland
|latitude = 57.0136
|longitude = -6.2825
|coord_parameters = region:GB-HLD_type:landmark
|designation1 = category a listed building
|designation1_date = 15 October 1971
|designation1_number = 14125
|designation4 = Inventory of gardens and designed landscapes
|designation4_date = 2003
}}

'''Kinloch Castle''' ({{lang-gd|Caisteal Cheann Locha}}) is a late [[Victorian era|Victorian]] mansion located on the [[Rùm|Isle of Rùm]], one of the [[Small Isles]] off the west coast of [[Scotland]]. It was built as a private residence for [[Sir George Bullough, 1st Baronet|Sir George Bullough]], a [[textile]] tycoon from [[Lancashire]] whose father bought Rùm as his summer residence and shooting estate. Construction began in 1897, and was completed in 1900. Built as a luxurious retreat, Kinloch Castle has since declined. The castle and island are now owned by [[Scottish Natural Heritage]], and part of the castle operates as a hostel. The Kinloch Castle Friends Association was established in 1996 to secure the long-term future of the building.

Kinloch Castle is protected as a [[listed building#Scotland|category A listed building]],<ref name=lbr>{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=14125 |title=Kinloch Castle: Listed Building Report |publisher=[[Historic Scotland]] |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref> and the grounds are included in the [[Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland]], the national listing of significant gardens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00242 |title=Kinloch Castle |work=Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

==History==
Rùm was owned by Alexander Maclean of [[Coll]] in the early 19th century. At that time, during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], [[kelp]] from the Scottish islands was a valuable commodity, being used to produce [[soda ash]] for use in explosives. After the war, prices collapsed and Maclean was forced to lease the island to a relative, Lachlan Maclean, for [[sheep farming]]. As a result, the entire population was [[Highland clearances|cleared]] from the island by 1828, only for new tenants to be brought in from [[Skye]] and [[Muck, Scotland|Muck]] to service the sheep farm.<ref name=gardenhist>{{cite web |url=http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00242#history |title=Kinloch Castle: Site History |publisher=Historic Scotland |work=Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Lachlan Maclean constructed Kinloch House, on a site to the north-east of the present castle, but was forced to give up the lease in the late 1830s. Hugh Maclean of Coll then sold the island in 1845 to Conservative politician [[James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury]] (1791–1868), for £26,455.<ref name=gardenhist/> Lord Salisbury reorganised the sheep farm, constructing new cottages linked by roads to a pier at Kinloch. Salisbury also reintroduced [[red deer]] and game. He passed the estate to his son, Viscount Cranborne (1821–1865), on whose death it was inherited by his brother, [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil]], later 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. However, he sold Rùm in 1870 to Farquhar Campbell of Aros. The shooting lodge at Tigh Ban was built around this time.<ref name=gardenhist/>

===The Bulloughs===
From 1879, the shooting lease was taken by John Bullough (1838–1891), a textile-mill owner from Lancashire. In 1884 Bullough purchased [[Meggernie Castle]] in Perthshire, and in 1888 he bought Rùm for £35,000. His intention was to create a shooting reserve, and he introduced new stock of deer and game birds, as well as planting trees.<ref name=gardenhist/> When he died in 1891, his son George Bullough inherited, and built a mausoleum to his father on the island. The first mausoleum, decorated with ceramic tiles, was compared to a public toilet, and Bullough had it demolished, replacing it with the [[Doric order|Doric]] temple which stands today.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.7</ref>

[[File:MausoleumAtHarrisWithRumCullins(LisaJ)Apr2006.jpg|thumb|left|The Bullough Mausoleum at Harris]]
He then commissioned a London firm of architects, Leeming & Leeming, to design a luxurious new house. Work on Kinloch Castle began in 1897, employing 300 men from [[Eigg]] and Lancashire. The house was built in a [[castellated]] Tudor style, using red sandstone from [[Annan, Dumfries and Galloway|Annan]]. It had its own electricity supply, and also had modern plumbing, heating and telephone systems.<ref name=glen10/> A mechanical [[orchestrion]], manufactured in Germany, was installed to provide music in the hall.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.18</ref> Kinloch Castle was completed in 1900, at a total cost of £250,000,<ref name=glen10/> although further changes were made following Bullough's marriage in 1903.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.13</ref> Formal and informal gardens, including a water garden, Japanese garden, bowling green and golf course, were laid out by 1912, using [[topsoil]] imported from Ayrshire. A walled garden with glasshouses was erected, which also briefly housed [[alligator]]s.<ref name=glen10>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.10</ref>

During the [[Boer War]], Bullough lent his yacht ''Rhouma'' as a hospital ship, bringing wounded soldiers back to Kinloch Castle. For this service he was knighted in 1901.<ref name=glen10/> Kinloch Castle was occupied by Bullough and his friends during the shooting season each year, but they visited less frequently after the First World War, and the estate was neglected. The island's population dwindled from 100 in 1900 to 28 in 1951.<ref name=gardenhist/> After Sir George Bullough's death in 1939, the castle and the island were held by trustees, who sold the estate in 1957, retaining only the family mausoleum. In 1967 Sir George's widow Monica was buried at the mausoleum, alongside her husband.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=14122 |title=Bullough Mausoleum: Listed Building Report |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

===Public ownership===
The island was purchased by the [[Nature Conservancy (UK)|Nature Conservancy]], a government agency with responsibility for [[natural heritage]], for £23,000,<ref name=gardenhist/> and was designated a [[National Nature Reserve]] in line with Lady Monica's wishes. Ownership of Rùm and Kinloch Castle passed to Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) on its formation in 1992.<ref name=gardenhist/>

The castle appeared on the [[BBC]] television series ''[[Restoration (TV series)|Restoration]]'' in 2003, as part of a bid for funds to restore the structure, reaching the final stages of the competition. Although it did not win, its cause has since been taken up by [[The Prince's Regeneration Trust]], a charity founded by [[Prince Charles]] which promotes heritage-led regeneration schemes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.architecturaldigest.com/homes/homes/2008/10/kinloch_article?currentPage=1 |title=Kinloch Castle Revival |date=October 2008 |work=[[Architectural Digest]]}}</ref> Funds are being sought for an £8 million scheme to restore the castle.

===Social Significance===
A report conducted in 2002 by [[SNH]] summarized the social significance of Kinloch castle and the diverging attitudes towards it as follows:

<blockquote>Kinloch Castle has an extremely high social significance, as both a representative of a type of development and
lifestyle which exerted considerable influence over land-use in Scotland, and also as associated with a very
specific social history of interest in itself in terms of its glamour, its notoriety and the unusual “completeness” to
which lifestyle evidence has survived.<ref name="snh-report">http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/scottish/whighland/kinloch/report%20pages%201-35.pdf</ref></blockquote>

The report indicated that Kinloch Castle did not represent any significant design or technical values but this was made up for the fact that it was a monument to a certain type of social lifestyle existing at the time.

<blockquote>Kinloch Castle is of an externally uninspired design with an unusual though not unserviceable plan, built by clearly competent but yet undistinguished architects who may well have been in some respects “prisoners” of their client’s strong will to the detriment of
the overall conception......In terms of general construction technology, Kinloch offered no advance on existing practice.</blockquote>

The social-political monument that it does represent is described as "[A]n extreme example – an “exemplar” even - of the worst kind of highland landlordism" as well as "representative of a social phenomenon for which his (Bullough's) period was noted: third-generation new wealth, opulent lifestyle, sporting interests embracing horseracing, and belonging to the “smart” set (who saw genial but luxuriously-living Edward Prince of Wales as their exemplar) rather than subscribing to Victorian morality"

Jim Crumley, Scottish Nature Writer, described Kinloch Castle as “a monument to… colossal wealth and ego and acquisitive greed… It
is a building without a redeeming feature.. a loathsome edifice. It perpetuates only the memory of the worst kind of
island lairds… a hideous affront, but nothing that a good fire and subsequent demolition couldn’t rectify”.<ref name="snh-report"/>

==Present use==
[[File:Entrance hall, Kinloch Castle - geograph.org.uk - 476061.jpg|thumb|The Entrance Hall]]
Kinloch Castle is now managed by Scottish Natural Heritage, supported by the Kinloch Castle Friends Association, a registered charitable organisation set up in 1996.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.35</ref> A number of repairs have been carried out in 2010 and 2011, although the long-term future of the building remains uncertain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org/core04i/displaynews.aspx |title=Home |publisher=Kinloch Castle Friends Association |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

A section at the rear of the castle operates as a hostel for visitors to the island. Guests have a choice of bunk rooms, or can upgrade to one of a handful of "Oak Rooms" with four-poster beds. The hostel area is kept separate from the museum rooms of the castle. It is proposed that the hostel will close in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org/core04i/displaynews.aspx |title=News |publisher=Kinloch Castle Friends Association |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Tours of the castle are available, timed to coincide with ferries where possible. Highlights of the tour include the under-stairs orchestrion and a variety of gifts from the Emperor of Japan.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|35em}}

==References==
*{{cite book |url=http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/designatedareas/RumKinlochCastle.pdf |title=Rum National Nature Reserve: Kinloch Castle |author=Glen, Michael H |author2=Scotland Natural Heritage |author3=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland |publisher=SNH Publications |location=[[Battleby]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85397-043-6}}
*Scottish Natural Heritage report, http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/scottish/whighland/kinloch/report%20pages%201-35.pdf, 2002. Accessed 2013.

==External links==
*[http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org Kinloch Castle Friends Association website]
*[http://www.isleofrum.com/kinlochcastle-bu.html Kinloch Castle], Isle of Rum Community Website
*[http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/nnr/The_Reserve_Plan_for_Rum_National_Nature_Reserve_2010_2016.pdf ''The Reserve Plan for Rum National Nature Reserve 2010 - 2016''], Scottish Natural Heritage
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}

[[Category:Houses completed in 1900]]
[[Category:Castles in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Lochaber]]
[[Category:Category A listed buildings in Scotland]]
[[Category:Listed buildings in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Listed castles in Scotland]]
[[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]]

Kinloch Castle

2013-01-06T21:17:48Z

Regregex: SNH is supercat of Inventory of Gardens

{{infobox historic site
|name=Kinloch Castle
|image=Kinloch Castle.jpg
|caption = Kinloch Castle
|locmapin = Scotland Highland
|map_caption = Location in Highland
|latitude = 57.0136
|longitude = -6.2825
|coord_parameters = region:GB-HLD_type:landmark
|designation1 = category a listed building
|designation1_date = 15 October 1971
|designation1_number = 14125
|designation4 = Inventory of gardens and designed landscapes
|designation4_date = 2003
}}

'''Kinloch Castle''' ({{lang-gd|Caisteal Cheann Locha}}) is a late [[Victorian era|Victorian]] mansion located on the [[Rùm|Isle of Rùm]], one of the [[Small Isles]] off the west coast of [[Scotland]]. It was built as a private residence for [[Sir George Bullough, 1st Baronet|Sir George Bullough]], a [[textile]] tycoon from [[Lancashire]] whose father bought Rùm as his summer residence and shooting estate. Construction began in 1897, and was completed in 1900. Built as a luxurious retreat, Kinloch Castle has since declined. The castle and island are now owned by [[Scottish Natural Heritage]], and part of the castle operates as a hostel. The Kinloch Castle Friends Association was established in 1996 to secure the long-term future of the building.

Kinloch Castle is protected as a [[listed building#Scotland|category A listed building]],<ref name=lbr>{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=14125 |title=Kinloch Castle: Listed Building Report |publisher=[[Historic Scotland]] |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref> and the grounds are included in the [[Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland]], the national listing of significant gardens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00242 |title=Kinloch Castle |work=Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

==History==
Rùm was owned by Alexander Maclean of [[Coll]] in the early 19th century. At that time, during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], [[kelp]] from the Scottish islands was a valuable commodity, being used to produce [[soda ash]] for use in explosives. After the war, prices collapsed and Maclean was forced to lease the island to a relative, Dr Lachlan Maclean, for [[sheep farming]]. As a result, the entire population was [[highland clearances|cleared]] from the island by 1828, only for new tenants to be brought in from [[Skye]] and [[Muck, Scotland|Muck]] to service the sheep farm.<ref name=gardenhist>{{cite web |url=http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00242#history |title=Kinloch Castle: Site History |publisher=Historic Scotland |work=Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Dr Lachlan Maclean constructed Kinloch House, on a site to the north-east of the present castle, but was forced to give up the lease in the late 1830s. Hugh Maclean of Coll then sold the island in 1845 to Conservative politician [[James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury]] (1791–1868), for £26,455.<ref name=gardenhist/> Lord Salisbury reorganised the sheep farm, constructing new cottages linked by roads to a pier at Kinloch. Salisbury also reintroduced [[red deer]] and game. He passed the estate to his son, Viscount Cranborne (1821–1865), on whose death it was inherited by his brother, [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil]], later 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. However, he sold Rùm in 1870 to Farquhar Campbell of Aros. The shooting lodge at Tigh Ban was built around this time.<ref name=gardenhist/>

===The Bulloughs===
From 1879, the shooting lease was taken by John Bullough (1838–1891), a textile-mill owner from [[Lancashire]]. In 1884 Bullough purchased [[Meggernie Castle]] in Perthshire, and in 1888 he bought Rùm for £35,000. His intention was to create a shooting reserve, and he introduced new stock of deer and game birds, as well as planting trees.<ref name=gardenhist/> When he died in 1891, his son [[Sir George Bullough, 1st Baronet|George Bullough]] inherited, and built a mausoleum to his father on the island. The first mausoleum, decorated with ceramic tiles, was compared to a public toilet, and Bullough had it demolished, replacing it with the [[Doric order|Doric]] temple which stands today.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.7</ref>

[[File:MausoleumAtHarrisWithRumCullins(LisaJ)Apr2006.jpg|thumb|left|The Bullough Mausoleum at Harris]]
He then commissioned a London firm of architects, Leeming & Leeming, to design a luxurious new house. Work on Kinloch Castle began in 1897, employing 300 men from [[Eigg]] and Lancashire. The house was built in a [[castellated]] Tudor style, using red sandstone from [[Annan, Dumfries and Galloway|Annan]]. It had its own electricity supply, and also had modern plumbing, heating and telephone systems.<ref name=glen10/> A mechanical [[orchestrion]], manufactured in Germany, was installed to provide music in the hall.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.18</ref> Kinloch Castle was completed in 1900, at a total cost of £250,000,<ref name=glen10/> although further changes were made following Bullough's marriage in 1903.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.13</ref> Formal and informal gardens, including a water garden, Japanese garden, bowling green and golf course, were laid out by 1912, using [[topsoil]] imported from Ayrshire. A walled garden with glasshouses was erected, which also briefly housed [[alligator]]s.<ref name=glen10>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.10</ref>

During the [[Boer War]], Bullough lent his yacht ''Rhouma'' as a hospital ship, bringing wounded soldiers back to Kinloch Castle. For this service he was knighted in 1901.<ref name=glen10/> Kinloch Castle was occupied by Bullough and his friends during the shooting season each year, but they visited less frequently after the First World War, and the estate was neglected. The island's population dwindled from 100 in 1900 to 28 in 1951.<ref name=gardenhist/> After Sir George Bullough's death in 1939, the castle and the island were held by trustees, who sold the estate in 1957, retaining only the family mausoleum. In 1967 Sir George's widow Monica was buried at the mausoleum, alongside her husband.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=14122 |title=Bullough Mausoleum: Listed Building Report |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

===Public ownership===
The island was purchased by the [[Nature Conservancy (UK)|Nature Conservancy]], a government agency with responsibility for [[natural heritage]], for £23,000,<ref name=gardenhist/> and was designated a [[National Nature Reserve]] in line with Lady Monica's wishes. Ownership of Rùm and Kinloch Castle passed to [[Scottish Natural Heritage]] (SNH) on its formation in 1992.<ref name=gardenhist/>

The castle appeared on the [[BBC]] television series ''[[Restoration (TV series)|Restoration]]'' in 2003, as part of a bid for funds to restore the structure, reaching the final stages of the competition. Although it did not win, its cause has since been taken up by [[The Prince's Regeneration Trust]], a charity founded by HRH [[Prince Charles]] which promotes heritage-led regeneration schemes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.architecturaldigest.com/homes/homes/2008/10/kinloch_article?currentPage=1 |title=Kinloch Castle Revival |date=October 2008 |work=[[Architectural Digest]]}}</ref> Funds are being sought for an £8 million scheme to restore the castle.

==Present use==
[[File:Entrance hall, Kinloch Castle - geograph.org.uk - 476061.jpg|thumb|The Entrance Hall]]
Kinloch Castle is now managed by Scottish Natural Heritage, supported by the Kinloch Castle Friends Association, a registered charitable organisation set up in 1996.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.35</ref> A number of repairs have been carried out in 2010 and 2011, although the long-term future of the building remains uncertain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org/core04i/displaynews.aspx |title=Home |publisher=Kinloch Castle Friends Association |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

A section at the rear of the castle operates as a hostel for visitors to the island. Guests have a choice of bunk rooms, or can upgrade to one of a handful of "Oak Rooms" with four-poster beds. The hostel area is kept separate from the museum rooms of the castle. It is proposed that the hostel will close in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org/core04i/displaynews.aspx |title=News |publisher=Kinloch Castle Friends Association |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Tours of the castle are available, timed to coincide with ferries where possible. Highlights of the tour include the under-stairs [[orchestrion]], a variety of gifts from the Emperor of Japan, and a selection of "gently pornographic" art.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|35em}}

==References==
*{{cite book |url=http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/designatedareas/RumKinlochCastle.pdf |title=Rum National Nature Reserve: Kinloch Castle |author=Glen, Michael H |author2=Scotland Natural Heritage |author3=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland |publisher=SNH Publications |location=[[Battleby]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85397-043-6}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org Kinloch Castle Friends Association website]
*[http://www.isleofrum.com/kinlochcastle-bu.html Kinloch Castle], Isle of Rum Community Website
*[http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/nnr/The_Reserve_Plan_for_Rum_National_Nature_Reserve_2010_2016.pdf ''The Reserve Plan for Rum National Nature Reserve 2010 - 2016''], Scottish Natural Heritage
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}

[[Category:Houses completed in 1900]]
[[Category:Castles in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Lochaber]]
[[Category:Category A listed buildings in Scotland]]
[[Category:Listed buildings in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Listed castles in Scotland]]
[[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]]

[[fr:Château de Kinloch]]
[[ru:Замок Кинлох]]

Kinloch Castle

2013-01-06T15:08:17Z

Regregex: added Category:Scottish Natural Heritage using HotCat

{{infobox historic site
|name=Kinloch Castle
|image=Kinloch Castle.jpg
|caption = Kinloch Castle
|locmapin = Scotland Highland
|map_caption = Location in Highland
|latitude = 57.0136
|longitude = -6.2825
|coord_parameters = region:GB_type:landmark
|designation1 = category a listed building
|designation1_date = 15 October 1971
|designation1_number = 14125
|designation4 = Inventory of gardens and designed landscapes
|designation4_date = 2003
}}

'''Kinloch Castle''' ({{lang-gd|Caisteal Cheann Locha}}) is a late [[Victorian era|Victorian]] mansion located on the [[Rùm|Isle of Rùm]], one of the [[Small Isles]] off the west coast of [[Scotland]]. It was built as a private residence for [[Sir George Bullough, 1st Baronet|Sir George Bullough]], a [[textile]] tycoon from [[Lancashire]] whose father bought Rùm as his summer residence and shooting estate. Construction began in 1897, and was completed in 1900. Built as a luxurious retreat, Kinloch Castle has since declined. The castle and island are now owned by [[Scottish Natural Heritage]], and part of the castle operates as a hostel. The Kinloch Castle Friends Association was established in 1996 to secure the long-term future of the building.

Kinloch Castle is protected as a [[listed building#Scotland|category A listed building]],<ref name=lbr>{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=14125 |title=Kinloch Castle: Listed Building Report |publisher=[[Historic Scotland]] |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref> and the grounds are included in the [[Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland]], the national listing of significant gardens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00242 |title=Kinloch Castle |work=Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

==History==
Rùm was owned by Alexander Maclean of [[Coll]] in the early 19th century. At that time, during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], [[kelp]] from the Scottish islands was a valuable commodity, being used to produce [[soda ash]] for use in explosives. After the war, prices collapsed and Maclean was forced to lease the island to a relative, Dr Lachlan Maclean, for [[sheep farming]]. As a result, the entire population was [[highland clearances|cleared]] from the island by 1828, only for new tenants to be brought in from [[Skye]] and [[Muck, Scotland|Muck]] to service the sheep farm.<ref name=gardenhist>{{cite web |url=http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2400:15:0::::GARDEN:GDL00242#history |title=Kinloch Castle: Site History |publisher=Historic Scotland |work=Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Dr Lachlan Maclean constructed Kinloch House, on a site to the north-east of the present castle, but was forced to give up the lease in the late 1830s. Hugh Maclean of Coll then sold the island in 1845 to Conservative politician [[James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury]] (1791–1868), for £26,455.<ref name=gardenhist/> Lord Salisbury reorganised the sheep farm, constructing new cottages linked by roads to a pier at Kinloch. Salisbury also reintroduced [[red deer]] and game. He passed the estate to his son, Viscount Cranborne (1821–1865), on whose death it was inherited by his brother, [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil]], later 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. However, he sold Rùm in 1870 to Farquhar Campbell of Aros. The shooting lodge at Tigh Ban was built around this time.<ref name=gardenhist/>

===The Bulloughs===
From 1879, the shooting lease was taken by John Bullough (1838–1891), a textile-mill owner from [[Lancashire]]. In 1884 Bullough purchased [[Meggernie Castle]] in Perthshire, and in 1888 he bought Rùm for £35,000. His intention was to create a shooting reserve, and he introduced new stock of deer and game birds, as well as planting trees.<ref name=gardenhist/> When he died in 1891, his son [[Sir George Bullough, 1st Baronet|George Bullough]] inherited, and built a mausoleum to his father on the island. The first mausoleum, decorated with ceramic tiles, was compared to a public toilet, and Bullough had it demolished, replacing it with the [[Doric order|Doric]] temple which stands today.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.7</ref>

[[File:MausoleumAtHarrisWithRumCullins(LisaJ)Apr2006.jpg|thumb|left|The Bullough Mausoleum at Harris]]
He then commissioned a London firm of architects, Leeming & Leeming, to design a luxurious new house. Work on Kinloch Castle began in 1897, employing 300 men from [[Eigg]] and Lancashire. The house was built in a [[castellated]] Tudor style, using red sandstone from [[Annan, Dumfries and Galloway|Annan]]. It had its own electricity supply, and also had modern plumbing, heating and telephone systems.<ref name=glen10/> A mechanical [[orchestrion]], manufactured in Germany, was installed to provide music in the hall.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.18</ref> Kinloch Castle was completed in 1900, at a total cost of £250,000,<ref name=glen10/> although further changes were made following Bullough's marriage in 1903.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.13</ref> Formal and informal gardens, including a water garden, Japanese garden, bowling green and golf course, were laid out by 1912, using [[topsoil]] imported from Ayrshire. A walled garden with glasshouses was erected, which also briefly housed [[alligator]]s.<ref name=glen10>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.10</ref>

During the [[Boer War]], Bullough lent his yacht ''Rhouma'' as a hospital ship, bringing wounded soldiers back to Kinloch Castle. For this service he was knighted in 1901.<ref name=glen10/> Kinloch Castle was occupied by Bullough and his friends during the shooting season each year, but they visited less frequently after the First World War, and the estate was neglected. The island's population dwindled from 100 in 1900 to 28 in 1951.<ref name=gardenhist/> After Sir George Bullough's death in 1939, the castle and the island were held by trustees, who sold the estate in 1957, retaining only the family mausoleum. In 1967 Sir George's widow Monica was buried at the mausoleum, alongside her husband.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/hsstart?P_HBNUM=14122 |title=Bullough Mausoleum: Listed Building Report |publisher=Historic Scotland |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

===Public ownership===
The island was purchased by the [[Nature Conservancy (UK)|Nature Conservancy]], a government agency with responsibility for [[natural heritage]], for £23,000,<ref name=gardenhist/> and was designated a [[National Nature Reserve]] in line with Lady Monica's wishes. Ownership of Rùm and Kinloch Castle passed to [[Scottish Natural Heritage]] (SNH) on its formation in 1992.<ref name=gardenhist/>

The castle appeared on the [[BBC]] television series ''[[Restoration (TV series)|Restoration]]'' in 2003, as part of a bid for funds to restore the structure, reaching the final stages of the competition. Although it did not win, its cause has since been taken up by [[The Prince's Regeneration Trust]], a charity founded by HRH [[Prince Charles]] which promotes heritage-led regeneration schemes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.architecturaldigest.com/homes/homes/2008/10/kinloch_article?currentPage=1 |title=Kinloch Castle Revival |date=October 2008 |work=[[Architectural Digest]]}}</ref> Funds are being sought for an £8 million scheme to restore the castle.

==Present use==
[[File:Entrance hall, Kinloch Castle - geograph.org.uk - 476061.jpg|thumb|The Entrance Hall]]
Kinloch Castle is now managed by Scottish Natural Heritage, supported by the Kinloch Castle Friends Association, a registered charitable organisation set up in 1996.<ref>Glen ''et. al.'' (1999) p.35</ref> A number of repairs have been carried out in 2010 and 2011, although the long-term future of the building remains uncertain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org/core04i/displaynews.aspx |title=Home |publisher=Kinloch Castle Friends Association |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

A section at the rear of the castle operates as a hostel for visitors to the island. Guests have a choice of bunk rooms, or can upgrade to one of a handful of "Oak Rooms" with four-poster beds. The hostel area is kept separate from the museum rooms of the castle. It is proposed that the hostel will close in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org/core04i/displaynews.aspx |title=News |publisher=Kinloch Castle Friends Association |accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>

Tours of the castle are available, timed to coincide with ferries where possible. Highlights of the tour include the under-stairs [[orchestrion]], a variety of gifts from the Emperor of Japan, and a selection of "gently pornographic" art.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|35em}}

==References==
*{{cite book |url=http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/designatedareas/RumKinlochCastle.pdf |title=Rum National Nature Reserve: Kinloch Castle |author=Glen, Michael H |author2=Scotland Natural Heritage |author3=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland |publisher=SNH Publications |location=[[Battleby]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-85397-043-6}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kinlochcastlefriends.org Kinloch Castle Friends Association website]
*[http://www.isleofrum.com/kinlochcastle-bu.html Kinloch Castle], Isle of Rum Community Website
*[http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/nnr/The_Reserve_Plan_for_Rum_National_Nature_Reserve_2010_2016.pdf ''The Reserve Plan for Rum National Nature Reserve 2010 - 2016''], Scottish Natural Heritage
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}

[[Category:Houses completed in 1900]]
[[Category:Castles in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Lochaber]]
[[Category:Category A listed buildings in Scotland]]
[[Category:Listed buildings in Highland (council area)]]
[[Category:Listed castles in Scotland]]
[[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]]
[[Category:Scottish Natural Heritage]]

[[fr:Château de Kinloch]]
[[ru:Замок Кинлох]]

The Register

2008-06-04T01:41:53Z

Regregex: added DEFAULTSORT tag

[[Image:The Register r.png|thumb|254px|Current logo of ''The Register''.]]
'''''The Register''''' ("'''''El Reg'''''" to its staff and readers) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] technology news and opinion website. It was founded by John Lettice and [[Mike Magee (journalist)|Mike Magee]] in 1994 as a newsletter called "Chip Connection", initially as an email service. Mike Magee left ''The Register'' in 2001 to start ''[[The Inquirer]]''.

''The Register'' frequently uses [[sarcasm]] and [[satire]] in its articles, in the manner of the British satirical magazine [[Private Eye (magazine)|Private Eye]], and often provides an [[iconoclastic]] stance e.g. referring to [[Google]] as the ''world's largest text-ad broker''. Articles are listed on the home page with most recent at the top, three to a line, allowing easy access to breaking news. ''The Register'' occasionally runs articles satirizing selected people e.g., [[Captain Cyborg]], aka [[Kevin Warwick]].

''The Register'' has run [[Simon Travaglia]]'s [[BOFH]] stories since 2000. Comment pieces are included along with the news, such as "Bootnotes" and "Opinion". Letters and "Flames of the Week" are often run, and as well as carrying its own content, licensed articles from other sites are included to augment their coverage. ''The Register'' does not aim to be popular with the powerful corporations – its tag line is: ''Biting the hand that feeds IT''.

==Divisions==
Channel Register covers computer business and trade news, which includes business press releases. Reg Developer covers news and articles for software developers. News and articles for computing and consumer electronics hardware is covered by Reg Hardware. Reg Research is an in-depth resource on all manner of technologies and how they relate to your business. Cash'n'Carrion is a shop for The Register merchandises. On [[25 February]] [[2002]], The Register expanded its business to United States under 'The Register USA', using domain name www.theregus.com, through a joint venture with [[Tom's Hardware Guide]].<ref>[http://www.theregister.com/2002/02/25/the_register_comes/ The Register Comes to the US]</ref> On [[February 24]], [[2003]], that site was switched to the current theregister.com domain name.<ref>[http://www.theregister.com/2003/02/24/theregister_com_goes_live/ theregister.com goes live]</ref> The Register US site was later expanded into an international news site. The Register has offices in London, Edinburgh, San Francisco and Mountain View in California.

==Resignation of Mike Magee==
Co-founder [[Mike Magee (journalist)|Mike Magee]] left the company amid some controversy after posting criticism of ''The Register'' management, complaining that The Register had become a "vehicle of software",<ref>[http://siliconinvestor.advfn.com/readmsg.aspx?msgid=15555885 Mike Magee posts ''The Register'' criticism to Silicon Investor message board, retrieved 22nd August 2007]</ref> on [[23 August]] [[2001]]. This ran counter to Magee's own expertise and interest in [[hardware]]. The following morning, Magee posted an email from ''The Register'' management team that described Magee's criticism of ''The Register'' as "gross misconduct", concluding that Magee had effectively dismissed himself.<ref>[http://siliconinvestor.advfn.com/readmsg.aspx?msgid=15559034 Mike Magee posts email from ''The Register'' management to Silicon Investor message board, retrieved 22nd August 2007]</ref> Magee went on to found ''[[The Inquirer]]'' which reported science and technology news with the same tongue-in-cheek style as ''The Register'', but with a greater emphasis on hardware development.

==In-jokes==
''The Register'' features many long-running [[in-jokes]]:
* Articles dealing with [[Yahoo!]] often have each word in their title punctuated with an exclamation mark, e.g.: "Yahoo! Is! A! Search! Engine!"
* When talking about the [[RIAA]] or the [[MPAA]], the organizations are always referred to as the "Recording Industry Ass. of America" and the "Motion Picture Ass. of America," respectively, deliberately shortening "Association".
* Articles which deal with the growth of [[artificial intelligence]] technology and technological mishaps are often reported in tongue-in-cheek "alarmist" fashion, and grouped under the heading "[[Rise of the Machines]]" (RoTM). In cases of technological mishaps, the incident is always speculated to be the work of an evil alien race called the ''Lizard Alliance'' and that they are being fought back by a group called the ''neoLuddite Resistance Army'' (or ''NRA'', quite possibly a play on the acronym of the ''National Rifle Association'').
* "Otto Z Stern" is a contributor for ''The Register''. Otto's [[persona]] is that of a controversy-courting [[right-wing]] American technology commentator. Stern's articles specialise in criticism of topics such as open-source software, blogs, Google and the perils of the Asian Invasion as well as other things that Stern considers to be weak and unmanly. Many of Stern's comments are considered deeply racist especially towards Asians (mostly Chinese). It is suspected that Stern's stories are written by Julio Stantore, based on frequent references to him in Otto's articles as well as attributing quotes to him.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/12/17/jimmy_wales_wikipedia/ My dead, much mourned friend: Jimmy Wales] An article that refers to Julio Stantore.</ref>
* Haiku competition results often include entries from a list of regular contributors who, intentionally or unintentionally, break the rules of the competition for comic effect.
* The [[Intel]] [[Itanium]] processor is always referred to as ''Itanic''. The term refers to ''[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]]'', the infamous [[ocean liner]] which sank in 1912, and alludes to the perception that Itanium is a [[white elephant]] which cost Intel and [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] many billions of dollars while failing to achieve expected performance and sales in the originally projected timeframe.
* [[Second Life]] is referred to as 'Sadville', joking Daniel Sadville, a reporter that covers Second Life to [[CNET]].<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/12/20/sadville_flyers/</ref>
* [[Captain Cyborg]], [[Kevin Warwick]] described as 'the nutty professor of [[Cybernetics]] at the [[University of Reading]]'
* Journalistic Integrity, Under the motto "Integrity - we've heard of it", The Register claimed that, for a price, they would print any story and for an even higher price they remove any story, with a tariff list".<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2000/05/09/official_register_2000_pr_tariff/ Official Register 2000 PR tariff]"</ref> This was, however, satire.
* The Register consistently refers to the Apple [[iPhone]] as the "Jesus Phone" – satirizing the immense hype over its launch.
* The Register consistently refers to prolific Wikipedia editors as 'wiki-fiddlers'.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/10/18/wikipedia_quality_problem/</ref>
* Headlines for stories about [[Facebook]] often add "...bitch" to the end or imply its users are "bitches", mocking its founder, who had "I'm CEO...bitch" on his business card.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/11/09/facebook_analysis/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite news|title=How online journalism got its UK start|date=[[2006-06-02]]|work=Press Gazette|publisher=Wilmington Media Ltd|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=34330}}

==External links==
*The Register: [http://www.theregister.co.uk/ UK Edition], [http://www.theregister.com/ International]
*Channel Reg: [http://www.channelregister.co.uk/ UK Edition], [http://www.channelregister.com/ International]
*Reg Developer: [http://www.regdeveloper.co.uk/ UK Edition], [http://www.regdeveloper.com/ International]
*Reg Hardware: [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/ UK Edition], [http://www.reghardware.com/ International]
*[http://www.cashncarrion.co.uk/ Cash'n'Carrion]
*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2000/05/09/official_register_2000_pr_tariff/ Official Register 2000 PR tariff]
*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/12/06/wikipedia_and_overstock/ Reg Music and Media]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Register, The}}
[[Category:News websites]]
[[Category:Computer magazines]]
[[Category:British computer magazines]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1998]]

[[fr:The Register]]