Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Wikipedia:Technik/Netzwerk/Domains

2022-05-26T03:06:39Z

Quiddity: /* Weitere Informationen */ aktualisieren

{{../../Linkbox}}
Die unten aufgelisteten [[Domain (Internet)|Domains]] der Wiki-Welt können für Benutzer der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia von Interesse sein.
__TOC__

== Ständige Projekte ==
* Sofern nachstehend bei „Protokoll“ nichts explizit angegeben ist, wären sowohl <nowiki>http://</nowiki> wie auch <nowiki>https://</nowiki> möglich ([[Uniform Resource Locator #prot-rel|protokollrelative Verlinkungen]]). Seit Juni 2015 werden aber fast alle Domains von Wikis auf https weitergeleitet; nur bei expliziter Angabe von <code>http</code> wird https nicht unterstützt.
* Ansonsten wird eine Domain von rechts nach links entschlüsselt:
** TLD steht für [[Top-Level-Domain]] und bedeutet etwas wie {{Hilfe/tt |1=.org}} usw.
** 2nd steht für ''second level'' und meint den charakteristischen Namen.
** „Subdomain“ ist eine zuweilen vergebene Untergliederung der Domain. Wenn nichts angegeben ist, kann es weggelassen oder in der Regel mit der Pseudo-Subdomain {{Hilfe/tt |1=www.}} ergänzt werden.
* ''Sprachen'' steht für [[../../MediaWiki/Sprachcodes|Codes]] von Sprachversionen, in denen die Projekte vorhanden sind.

Abgesehen von den in Europa beheimateten TLD .at / .ch / .de und dewp.org sind die .org in den USA registriert.

<div style="clear:both;"></div>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Protokoll !! Subdomain !! 2nd / TLD !! Nutzung
|-
|rowspan="13"|
|rowspan="7"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikimedia.at/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimedia.at}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Österreich|Wikimedia Österreich]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikipedia.at/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.at}}]
| Angebot südosteuropäischer Versionen von {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.org}}
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikimedia.ch/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimedia.ch}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia CH|Wikimedia Schweiz]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikipedia.ch/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.ch}}]
| Angebot von Versionen der {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.org}} in Schweizer Amtssprachen und Alemannisch
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikipedia.com/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.com}}]
| Weiterleitung auf ''www.wikipedia.org''
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikimedia.com/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimedia.com}}]
| Weiterleitung auf ''www.wikimedia.org''
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://overpass-api.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=overpass-api.de}}]
| [[OpenStreetMap]] Befreundetes Projekt.
|-
|  
|rowspan="5" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"| [https://wikimedia.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimedia.de}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Deutschland‎|Wikimedia Deutschland‎]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://blog.wikimedia.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=blog.}}]
| Blog
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://design.wikimedia.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=design.}}]
| [[mw:Design]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://ffw.wikimedia.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=ffw.}}]
| Förderung freien Wissens
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://tools.wikimedia.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=tools.}}]
| ''(veraltet)'' Funktionsidentisch [[#toolserver.org|{{Hilfe/tt |1=toolserver.org}}]]
|-
|
|style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"| [https://wikipedia.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.de}}]
| {{Anker|wikipedia.de}} Zwischenschaltung nach [[#de.wikipedia.org|{{Hilfe/tt |1=de.wikipedia.org}}]] 
2008 durch Politiker [[Lutz Heilmann]] kurzzeitig abgeschaltet gewesen.
|-
| https
|  
|style="text-align:right"| [https://translatewiki.net/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=translatewiki.net}}]
| Übersetzung von [[../../Skin/MediaWiki|Systemnachrichten]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| http
|rowspan="2"|
|style="text-align:right"| [http://dewp.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=dewp.org}}]
| Weiterleitung auf [[#wikipedia.de|{{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.de}}]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [http://enwp.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=enwp.org}}]
| Weiterleitung auf [[#en.wikipedia.org|{{Hilfe/tt |1=en.wikipedia.org}}]]
|-
|rowspan="10"|
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://mediawiki.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=mediawiki.org}}]
| Wiki zur Software-Entwicklung
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://openstreetmap.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=openstreetmap.org}}]
| [[OpenStreetMap]] Befreundetes Projekt.
|-
|style="text-align:right" id="toolforge.org"| [https://toolforge.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=toolforge.org}}]
| [[../../Cloud/Helferlein|Toolforge]], seit 2019/2020
|-
|style="text-align:right" id="toolserver.org"| [https://toolserver.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=toolserver.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Toolserver|Toolserver]], seit 1. Juli 2014 auslaufend
|-
|
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"| [https://wikibooks.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikibooks.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikibooks|Wikibooks]] – Weiterleitung auf [[#en.wikibooks.org|en.wikibooks.org]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [[b:|{{Hilfe/tt |1=de.}}]]
| Wikibooks deutschsprachig
|-
|style="text-align:right"| {{Anker|en.wikibooks.org}} [[b:en:|{{Hilfe/tt |1=en.}}]]
| Wikibooks englischsprachig
|-
|style="text-align:right"| ''Sprachen''
| Wikibooks in weiteren Sprachversionen
|-
|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right"| [https://wikidata.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikidata.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://test.wikidata.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=test.}}]
| Testversion
|-
|rowspan="4"|
|
|rowspan="37" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"| [/media/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimedia.org}}]
| Weiterleitung auf [[#www.wikimedia.org|{{Hilfe/tt |1=www.wikimedia.org}}]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://archiva.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=archiva.}}]
| [[Apache Archiva]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| {{Hilfe/tt |1=bits.}}
| ''(veraltet)'' Zugriff auf individuelle Software-Ressourcen zum Einbau in Wiki-Seiten
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://blog.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=blog.}}]
| [[meta:Wikimedia Blog|Wikimedia Blog]]
|-
| https
|style="text-align:right"| [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=bugzilla.}}]
| ''(veraltet)'' <s>Software-Fehlermeldungen</s> (jetzt [[../../Phabricator|Phabricator]])
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=citoid.}}</s>
| [[../../Labs/Citoid|Citoid]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://commons.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=commons.}}]
| [[Hilfe:Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia Commons]]
|-
|rowspan="3"| https
|style="text-align:right"| [https://corp.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=corp.}}]
| mingle.corp.wikimedia.org
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://design.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=design.}}]
| Wikimedia Design
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://doc.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=doc.}}]
| Automatisch generierte Software-Dokumentation
|-
|rowspan="2"| http https
|style="text-align:right"| [http://download.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=download.}}]
|rowspan="2"| [[../../Datenbank/Download|Herunterladen ganzer Projektinhalte]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [http://dumps.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=dumps.}}]
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| {{Hilfe/tt |1=esams.}}
| ''datacenter'' – eigentliche Inhaltsauslieferung für uns (deWP/Europa)
* misc-web-lb.esams.wikimedia.org
* text-lb.esams.wikimedia.org
* upload-lb.esams.wikimedia.org
|-
|rowspan="2"| https
|style="text-align:right"| [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=gerrit.}}]
| Software: Quellcode-Änderungen (zukünftig ''[[../../Phabricator|Phabricator]]'')
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://git.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=git.}}] {{Anker|GIT}}
| Software: Quellcode-Verwaltung; Vorgänger von ''[[../../Phabricator|Phabricator]]-Diffusion''
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=graphoid.}}</s>
| [[../../Labs/Graphoid|Graphoid]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=incubator.}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Schwesterprojekte|Wiki-Projekte in der Frühphase]]
|-
| irc
|style="text-align:right"| [https://irc://irc.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=irc.}}]
| [[Internet Relay Chat]] – [[Wikipedia:Chat]], [[Hilfe:Letzte Änderungen#IRC|RecentChanges]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://lists.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=lists.}}]
| Mailing-Listen
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [/media/maps_wikimedia_org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=maps.}}]
| ''service in progress''
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://meta.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=meta.}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Meta|Meta-Wiki]]
|-
|rowspan="2"| https
|style="text-align:right"| [https://old-bugzilla.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=old-bugzilla.}}]
| Zwischenlager für das abgelöste [[../../Bugzilla|Bugzilla]]-System (jetzt [[../../Phabricator|Phabricator]])
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=phabricator.}}]
| Software: Integriertes Management – [[../../Phabricator|Phabricator]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://policy.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=policy.}}]
| Wikimedia Public Policy
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://releases.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=releases.}}]
| Herunterladen der Mediawiki-Software
|-
| https
|style="text-align:right"| [https://secure.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=secure.}}]
| ''(veraltet)'' [[../Verschlüsselte Verbindung|Verschlüsselte Verbindung]]
|-
|rowspan="4"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://stats.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=stats.}}]
| Statistiken
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://status.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=status.}}]
| Verfügbarkeit der Server
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://strategy.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=strategy.}}]
| WMF: Strategie
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://svn.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=svn.}}]
| ''(veraltet)'' Software-Quellcodes (zurzeit Diffusion/[[#GIT|GIT]])
|-
|rowspan="2"| https
|style="text-align:right"| [https://ticket.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=ticket.}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Support-Team|Support-Team]] (OTRS)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=toolsadmin.}}]
| [[../../Labs/]] Administration
|-
|rowspan="5"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://tools.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=tools.}}]
| [[#toolserver.org|{{Hilfe/tt |1=toolserver.org}}]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=ts.}}</s>
| 2007/2008 als {{Hilfe/tt |1=stable.ts.wikimedia.org}} erreichbare Variante von [[#toolserver.org|{{Hilfe/tt |1=toolserver.org}}]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [/media/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=upload.}}]
| Repositorium (Medien, Bilder, Dokumente)
|-
|style="text-align:right" id="wikitech.wikimedia.org"| [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikitech.}}]
| Software: Aktuelles und Dokumentation (separater Provider)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| {{Anker|www.wikimedia.org}} [https://www.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=www.}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]] (WMF) – öffentlich lesbares Wiki mit Angelegenheiten für die Welt
|-
|rowspan="5"|
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikimediafoundation.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimediafoundation.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]] – öffentlich lesbares Wiki mit eher inneren Angelegenheiten
|-
|
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right"| [https://wikinews.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikinews.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikinews|Wikinews]] – Sprachenübersicht
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [[n:|{{Hilfe/tt |1=de.}}]]
| Wikinews deutschsprachig
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [[n:en:|{{Hilfe/tt |1=en.}}]]
| Wikinews englischsprachig
|-
|style="text-align:right"| ''Sprachen''
| Wikinews in weiteren Sprachversionen
|-
|rowspan="5"|
|
|rowspan="9" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"| [https://wikipedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikipedia.org}}]
| Weiterleitung auf [[#www.wikipedia.org|www.wikipedia.org]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| {{Anker|de.wikipedia.org}} [[Wikipedia:Hauptseite|{{Hilfe/tt |1=de.}}]]
| Wikipedia deutschsprachig
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [[:en:|{{Hilfe/tt |1=en.}}]]
| {{Anker|en.wikipedia.org}} Wikipedia englischsprachig
|-
|style="text-align:right"| ''Sprachen''
| Wikipedia in weiteren [[Wikipedia:Sprachen|Sprachversionen]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://m.wikipedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=m.}}]
| Wikipedia für Mobilgeräte {{Anker|m.wikipedia.org}}
|-
| <s>http</s>
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=mobile.}}</s>
| Erste Wikipedia für Mobilgeräte; jetzt <code>[[#m.wikipedia.org|m.]]</code>
|-
|rowspan="3"|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://test.wikipedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=test.}}]
| Software-Tests (WMF-SUL)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://test2.wikipedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=test2.}}]
| Software-Tests (WMF-SUL)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| {{Anker|www.wikipedia.org}} [https://www.wikipedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=www.}}]
| Wikipedia – Sprachenübersicht Suche in allen Sprachversionen (nacheinander)
|-
|rowspan="6"|
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikiquote.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikiquote.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikiquote|Wikiquote]] Gliederung ähnlich Wikibooks, Wikinews
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikisource.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikisource.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikisource|Wikisource]] Gliederung ähnlich Wikibooks, Wikinews
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikispecies.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikispecies.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Schwesterprojekte|Wikispecies]] Gliederung ähnlich Wikibooks, Wikinews
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikiversity.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikiversity.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikiversity|Wikiversity]] Gliederung ähnlich Wikibooks, Wikinews
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wikivoyage.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikivoyage.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikivoyage|Wikivoyage]] Gliederung ähnlich Wikibooks, Wikinews
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wiktionary.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wiktionary.org}}]
| [[Wikipedia:Wikivoyage|Wikivoyage]] Gliederung ähnlich Wikibooks, Wikinews
|-
|rowspan="2"|
|
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"| [https://wmcloud.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wmcloud.org}}]
| [[../../Cloud|WikiMedia Cloud]] (etwa VPS)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://codesearch.wmcloud.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=codesearch.}}]
| [[../../Cloud/codesearch|Codesearch]] – Programmcode-Repositorien durchsuchen
|-
|rowspan="15"|
|
|rowspan="15" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"| [http://wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wmflabs.org}}]
| Weiterleitung auf {{Hilfe/tt |1=[[#wikitech.wikimedia.org|wikitech.wikimedia.org]]}}
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://beta.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=beta.}}]
| [[../../Labs/Beta|Software-Erprobung]] (abgekoppeltes Benutzerkonto)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=citoid.}}</s>
|rowspan="2"| [[../../Labs/Citoid|Citoid]] – Meta-Daten zu Publikationen abrufen
|-
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=citoid-beta.}}</s>
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://commtech.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=commtech.}}]
| CommTech Projekt
|-
|style="text-align:right"| <s>{{Hilfe/tt |1=graph.}}</s>
| [[../../Labs/Graphoid|Graphoid]] – Grafiken aus Rohdaten erstellen
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://labels.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=labels.}}]
|rowspan="2"| ORES 
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://ores.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=ores.}}]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=patchdemo.}}]
| Repositorium für Experimente
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=petscan.}}]
| [[../../Labs/PetScan|PetScan]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=quarry.}}]
| [[../../Cloud/quarry|Quarry]]
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://reading-web-staging.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=reading-web-staging.}}]
| Entwickler-Kopie Mobil+Desktop (enwiki)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://sentry-beta.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=sentry-beta.}}]
| Protokollierung von Software-Fehlern
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://tools.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=tools.}}]
| [[../../Cloud/Helferlein|Werkzeuge]] (seit 2020: <code>[[#toolforge.org|toolforge.org]]</code>)
|-
|style="text-align:right"| [https://wdq.wmflabs.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wdq.}}]
| Wikidata Query
|-
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=phab.}}]
|style="text-align:right"| {{Hilfe/tt |1=wmfusercontent.org}}
| (Herbst 2014 eingeführt)
|-
| https
|
|style="text-align:right"| [https://w.wiki/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=w.wiki}}]
| [[Hilfe:Links/Kurz-URL (Wiki)|Kurz-URL]]
|}

Für Sonderaufgaben und innere Abläufe, insbesondere im technischen Bereich, gibt es eine Reihe weiterer zentraler öffentlicher und nicht-öffentlicher Subdomains und Projekte; siehe [[Spezial:Liste der Wikimedia-Wikis#Weitere Wikimedia-Projekte|hier]].

== Anlassbezogene Sonderdomains ==
Beispiele:
* [http://www.wikilovesearth.de/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=www.wikilovesearth.de}}]
* [http://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/ {{Hilfe/tt |1=wikimania2014.wikimedia.org}}]

== Weitere Informationen ==
* [[Spezial:Interwikitabelle]] – enthält auch Domains der Wiki-Projekte
* [[Spezial:Liste der Wikimedia-Wikis]] – alle Domains
* [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ https://www.wikimediastatus.net/] – Verfügbarkeit

[[Kategorie:Wikipedia:Technik/Netzwerk und Server|Domains]]

Benutzer:Quiddity

2019-08-15T10:16:06Z

Quiddity: fix

Hi, I'm Quiddity. I'm sorry that I only understand English. Please see [[w:en:User:Quiddity]] for my main account. Thank you!

Harold Druken

2019-05-26T18:17:09Z

Quiddity: fix dates

{{Infobox Eishockeyspieler
| Ländercode = CAN
| Bild =
| Geburtsdatum = [[26. Januar]] [[1979]]
| Geburtsort = [[St. John’s (Neufundland)|St. John’s]], [[Neufundland und Labrador]], [[Kanada]]
| Todesdatum =
| Sterbeort =
| Spitzname =
| Größe = 181 cm
| Gewicht = 90 kg
| Position = Center
| Nummer =
| Schusshand = Links
| Draft1 = NHL Entry Draft
| Draftjahr1 = 1997
| Runde1 = 2
| Stelle1 = 36
| Draftverein1 = [[Vancouver Canucks]]
| Jahre1 = 1995–1996
| Verein1 = Noble and Greenough School
| Jahre2 = 1996–1997
| Verein2 = [[Plymouth Whalers|Detroit Whalers]]
| Jahre3 = 1997–1999
| Verein3 = [[Plymouth Whalers]]
| Jahre4 = 1999–2002
| Verein4 = [[Vancouver Canucks]]
| Jahre5 = 2002
| Verein5 = Carolina Hurricanes
| Jahre6 = 2002–2003
| Verein6 = [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
| Jahre7 = 2003
| Verein7 = [[Lowell Devils|Lowell Lock Monsters]]
| Jahre8 = 2003–2005
| Verein8 = [[St. John’s Maple Leafs]]
| Jahre9 = 2005–2006
| Verein9 = [[EHC Basel]]
| Jahre10 = 2008–2010
| Verein10 = Deer Lake Red Wings
}}

'''Harold Druken''' (* [[26. Januar]] [[1979]] in [[St. John’s (Neufundland)|St. John’s]], [[Neufundland und Labrador]]) ist ein ehemaliger [[Kanada|kanadischer]] [[Eishockey]]spieler, der im Verlauf seiner aktiven Karriere zwischen 1996 und 2010 unter anderem 150 Spiele für die [[Vancouver Canucks]], [[Carolina Hurricanes]] und [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] in der [[National Hockey League]] auf der Position des [[Angriffsspieler (Eishockey)|Centers]] bestritten hat.

== Karriere ==
Druken verbrachte seine Juniorenzeit zwischen 1996 und 1999 im [[Franchise (Sport)|Franchise]] der [[Plymouth Whalers]] in der [[Ontario Hockey League]], nachdem er zuvor als Kanadier an der ''Noble and Greenough School'' im US-amerikanischen [[Dedham (Massachusetts)|Dedham]] im Bundesstaat [[Massachusetts]] zur [[High School]] gegangen war. Nach der Auswahl in der ''[[OHL Priority Selection]]'' war der Mittelstürmer dann zunächst zu den [[Plymouth Whalers|Detroit Whalers]] gewechselt, die im Sommer 1997 von [[Detroit]] nach [[Plymouth (Michigan)|Plymouth]] umgesiedelt wurden. In Diensten der Whalers verbrachte Druken drei erfolgreiche Jahre, in denen er im [[NHL Entry Draft 1997]] bereits in der zweiten Runde an 36. Stelle von den [[Vancouver Canucks]] aus der [[National Hockey League]] ausgewählt worden war. Im Verlauf der drei Spielzeiten steigerte er sich von 58 [[Scorerpunkt]]en in seinem [[Rookie]]jahr über 82 bis hinzu 103. Dabei war er in seinem letzten Jahr mit 58 Treffern sogar Torschützenkönig und wurde ins Second All-Star Team der Liga gewählt.

Von den Junioren wechselte Druken im Sommer 1999 in den Profibereich zu den Vancouver Canucks. Dort kam der Angreifer in den folgenden drei Jahren in der NHL zum Einsatz, verbrachte aber auch immer wieder Zeit in der [[American Hockey League]] und [[International Hockey League]] bei Vancouvers [[Farmteam]]s, den [[Syracuse Crunch]], [[Kansas City Blades]] und [[Manitoba Moose]]. Insbesondere seine Schwächen in der Defensive verhinderten, eine frühzeitige Etablierung in der NHL. Zum Beginn der [[NHL 2002/03|Saison 2002/03]] wurde Druken gemeinsam mit dem Tschechen [[Jan Hlaváč]] zu den [[Carolina Hurricanes]] transferiert, während diese im Gegenzug [[Darren Langdon]] und [[Marek Malík]] nach Vancouver abgaben.

Der Center bestritt zunächst zehn Spiele für die Hurricanes, ehe die Spielzeit in einer Odyssee endete. Nach nur einem Monat in Carolina wurde er im Dezember 2002 auf die [[Waiver (NHL)]]-Liste gesetzt, von wo ihn die [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] auswählten. Dort verbrachte er einige Spiele sowohl in der NHL als auch bei deren Kooperationspartner [[St. John’s Maple Leafs]] aus seiner Geburtsstadt, ehe er sich erneut auf dem Waiver wiederfand. Die Carolina Hurricanes holten ihn von dort im Januar 2003 zurück, setzten ihn nach vier weiteren NHL-Spielen aber bis zum Saisonende ausschließlich in der AHL bei den [[Lowell Devils|Lowell Lock Monsters]]. Im Mai 2003 entschieden sich die Toronto Maple Leafs aber zu einer Rückholaktion, indem sie [[Allan Rourke]] gegen Druken eintauschten. Die folgenden zwei Spieljahre verbrachte der Offensivspieler bei den St. John’s Maple Leafs in der NHL und fügte seiner Vita nur weitere neun NHL-Einsätze für Toronto hinzu.

Im Sommer 2005 verließ Druken den nordamerikanischen Kontinent und wagte seiner Karriere in Europa neuen Schwung zu verleihen. Er schloss sich dem [[EHC Basel]] aus der Schweizer [[National League (Eishockey)|Nationalliga A]] an, bestritt für den Klub im Saisonverlauf verletzungsbedingt allerdings nur 18 Partien, in denen er zehnmal punktete. Im Sommer 2006 kehrte er wieder in seine Heimatprovinz zurück und pausierte zwei Jahre. Zwischen 2008 und 2010 spielte Druken dann noch einmal in der ''West Coast Senior Hockey League'' für die ''Deer Lake Red Wings'', ehe er sich 31-jährig vollends aus dem Profisport zurückzog.

=== International ===
Für sein Heimatland nahm Druken im Juniorenalter an der [[Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft der U20-Junioren 1999|U20-Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft 1999]] im heimischen [[Kanada]] teil. Dabei gewann er mit den ''Ahornblättern'' nach einer 2:3-Finalniederlage gegen Russland die Silbermedaille. Zum Gewinn des Edelmetalls steuerte der Stürmer in sieben Turniereinsätzen zwei Scorerpunkte, darunter ein Tor, bei.

== Erfolge und Auszeichnungen ==
{| width="75%"
| valign="top" width="50%" align="left" |
* 1997 [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] First All-Rookie-Team
* 1999 Bester Torschütze der OHL
* 1999 OHL Second All-Star Team
| valign="top" width="50%" align="left" |
* 2000 Teilnahme am [[AHL All-Star Classic]]
* 2000 [[AHL All-Rookie Team]]
|}

=== International ===
* 1999 Silbermedaille bei der [[Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft der U20-Junioren 1999|U20-Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft]]

== Karrierestatistik ==
{| class="toccolours" style="text-align:center; width:60%;"
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! colspan="3" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |
! rowspan="99" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |
! colspan="5" | Reguläre Saison
! rowspan="99" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |
! colspan="5" | Play-offs
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Saison
! Team
! Liga
! Sp
! T
! V
! Pkt
! SM
! Sp
! T
! V
! Pkt
! SM
|-
| [[OHL 1996/97|1996/97]]
| [[Plymouth Whalers|Detroit Whalers]]
| [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]]
| 63
| 27
| 31
| 58
| 14
| 5
| 3
| 2
| 5
| 0
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[OHL 1997/98|1997/98]]
| [[Plymouth Whalers]]
| OHL
| 64
| 38
| 44
| 82
| 12
| 15
| 9
| 11
| 20
| 4
|-
| [[OHL 1998/99|1998/99]]
| Plymouth Whalers
| OHL
| 60
| 58
| 45
| 103
| 34
| 10
| 9
| 12
| 21
| 14
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[AHL 1999/2000|1999/00]]
| [[Syracuse Crunch]]
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| 47
| 20
| 25
| 45
| 32
| 4
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 6
|-
| [[NHL 1999/2000|1999/00]]
| [[Vancouver Canucks]]
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| 33
| 7
| 9
| 16
| 10
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[IHL 2000/01|2000/01]]
| [[Kansas City Blades]]
| [[International Hockey League|IHL]]
| 15
| 5
| 9
| 14
| 20
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| [[NHL 2000/01|2000/01]]
| Vancouver Canucks
| NHL
| 55
| 15
| 15
| 30
| 14
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[AHL 2001/02|2001/02]]
| [[Manitoba Moose]]
| AHL
| 11
| 2
| 9
| 11
| 4
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| [[NHL 2001/02|2001/02]]
| Vancouver Canucks
| NHL
| 27
| 4
| 4
| 8
| 6
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[NHL 2002/03|2002/03]]
| Vancouver Canucks
| NHL
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 0
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| 2002/03
| [[Carolina Hurricanes]]
| NHL
| 14
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 2
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| 2002/03
| [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
| NHL
| 5
| 0
| 2
| 2
| 2
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| [[AHL 2002/03|2002/03]]
| [[St. John’s Maple Leafs]]
| AHL
| 6
| 0
| 3
| 3
| 2
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| 2002/03
| [[Lowell Devils|Lowell Lock Monsters]]
| AHL
| 24
| 8
| 10
| 18
| 8
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| [[AHL 2003/04|2003/04]]
| St. John’s Maple Leafs
| AHL
| 57
| 26
| 25
| 51
| 31
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[NHL 2003/04|2003/04]]
| Toronto Maple Leafs
| NHL
| 9
| 0
| 4
| 4
| 2
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| [[AHL 2004/05|2004/05]]
| St. John’s Maple Leafs
| AHL
| 48
| 18
| 20
| 38
| 28
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| [[Nationalliga A (Eishockey) 2005/06|2005/06]]
| [[EHC Basel]]
| [[National League (Eishockey)|NLA]]
| 18
| 6
| 4
| 10
| 32
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
| 2006/07
| colspan="2" | ''vertragslos''
| colspan="11" | ''nicht gespielt nach Rücktritt''
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| 2007/08
| colspan="2" | ''vertragslos''
| colspan="11" | ''nicht gespielt nach Rücktritt''
|-
| 2008/09
| Deer Lake Red Wings
| WCSHL
| 24
| 16
| 28
| 44
| 18
| 13
| 7
| 13
| 20
| 12
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
| 2009/10
| Deer Lake Red Wings
| WCSHL
| 11
| 4
| 3
| 7
| 10
| –
| –
| –
| –
| –
|- style="background:#e0e0e0; font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="3" | OHL gesamt
| 187
| 123
| 120
| 243
| 60
| 31
| 21
| 25
| 46
| 18
|- style="background:#e0e0e0; font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="3" | AHL gesamt
| 193
| 74
| 92
| 166
| 105
| 4
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 6
|- style="background:#e0e0e0; font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="3" | NHL gesamt
| 146
| 27
| 36
| 63
| 36
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|}

=== International ===
Vertrat [[Kanadische Eishockeynationalmannschaft|Kanada]] bei:
* [[Eishockey-Weltmeisterschaft der U20-Junioren 1999|U20-Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft 1999]]

{| class="toccolours" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Jahr
! Team
! Veranstaltung
! Resultat
! rowspan="99" style="background:#f9f9f9;" |
! Sp
! T
! V
! Pkt
! SM
|-
| 1999
| Kanada
| U20-WM
| [[Datei:Silver medal blank.svg|15px|2. Platz, Silber]]
| 7
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 2
|- style="background:#e0e0e0; font-weight:bold;"
| colspan="4" | Junioren gesamt
| 7
| 1
| 1
| 2
| 2
|}
{{Legende Spielerstatistik (Eishockey)}}

== Weblinks ==
* {{Legendsofhockey|ID=15033}}
* {{Eliteprospects|ID=38451}}

{{SORTIERUNG:Druken, Harold}}
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Detroit Whalers)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Plymouth Whalers)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Vancouver Canucks)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Syracuse Crunch)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Kansas City Blades)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Manitoba Moose, 2001–2011)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Carolina Hurricanes)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Toronto Maple Leafs)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (St. John’s Maple Leafs)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (Lowell Lock Monsters)]]
[[Kategorie:Eishockeyspieler (EHC Basel)]]
[[Kategorie:Kanadier]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1979]]
[[Kategorie:Mann]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=Druken, Harold
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=kanadischer Eishockeyspieler
|GEBURTSDATUM=26. Januar 1979
|GEBURTSORT=[[St. John’s (Neufundland)|St. John’s]], [[Neufundland und Labrador]]
|STERBEDATUM=
|STERBEORT=
}}

Pierre Failliot

2019-05-26T18:12:10Z

Quiddity: fix dates per https://data.bnf.fr/en/10393924/pierre_failliot/

{{Infobox Leichtathlet

| kurzname = Pierre Failliot
| bild = [[Datei:Pierre Failliot 1909.jpg|150px]]
| bildbeschreibung = Pierre Failliot (1909)
| langname = Pierre Alexis Louis Failliot
| nation = {{FRA}}
| geburtstag = 25. Februar 1887
| geburtsort = [[Paris]]
| geburtsland = [[Frankreich]]
| groesse =
| gewicht =
| beruf =
| sterbedatum = 31. Dezember 1935
| sterbeort = Paris
| sterbeland = Frankreich

| disziplin = [[100-Meter-Lauf|100 m]], [[200-Meter-Lauf|200 m]], [[400-Meter-Lauf|400 m]], [[Fünfkampf (Leichtathletik)|Fünfkampf]], [[Zehnkampf]]
| bestleistung = 100 m: 11,0 s; 200 m: 22,6 s; 400 m: 49,0 s
| verein = [[Racing Club de France]]
| trainer =
| nationalkader =

| status = v
| karriereende =

| Medaillenspiegel =
{{Medaillenspiegel |Olympische Spiele |0|1|0}}
| medaillen =
{{Medaillen Sommersport | Wo = Olympische Spiele
| Silber | [[Olympische Sommerspiele 1912/Leichtathletik|Stockholm 1912]] | [[4-mal-400-Meter-Staffel|4×400 m]]}}
| update = 13. Februar 2017
}}

'''Pierre Failliot''' (''Pierre Alexis Louis Failliot''; * [[25. Februar]] [[1887]] in [[Paris]]; † [[31. Dezember]] [[1935]] ebenda) war ein [[Frankreich|französischer]] [[Leichtathletik|Leichtathlet]] und [[Rugby Union|Rugby-Union]]-Spieler.

Bei den [[Olympische Sommerspiele 1912/Leichtathletik|Olympischen Spielen 1912]] in Stockholm gewann er in der [[4-mal-400-Meter-Staffel]] Silber mit der französischen Mannschaft. Über [[100-Meter-Lauf|100 m]], [[200-Meter-Lauf|200 m]] und in der [[4-mal-100-Meter-Staffel]] schied er im Vorlauf aus, im [[Fünfkampf (Leichtathletik)|Fünfkampf]] kam er auf den 17. Platz, und im [[Zehnkampf]] gab er nach drei Disziplinen auf.

1907 wurde er nationaler Vizemeister über [[400-Meter-Lauf|400 m]] und [[800-Meter-Lauf|800 m]], 1908 Meister über 100 m, 200 m und 400 m. 1909 verteidigte er diese drei Titel und holte außerdem den Titel im [[400-Meter-Hürdenlauf]]. Daraufhin wurde er zu Frankreichs Sportler des Jahres gewählt. 1911 wurde er Meister über 100 m, 200 m und 400 m, 1912 über 200 m und im [[Speerwurf]].<ref>FFA: ''[http://cdm.athle.com/upload/ssites/001059/championnats%20de%20france/1888196916022013.pdf Les finalistes des championnats de France – 1888 à 1969]{{Toter Link|url=http://cdm.athle.com/upload/ssites/001059/championnats%20de%20france/1888196916022013.pdf |date=2019-05 |archivebot=2019-05-07 11:51:16 InternetArchiveBot }} (PDF; 2,4 MB)''</ref>

Zwischen 1911 und 1913 spielte er siebenmal in der [[Französische Rugby-Union-Nationalmannschaft|Französischen Rugby-Union-Nationalmannschaft]].

== Persönliche Bestleistungen ==
* 100 m: 11,0 s, 13. Juni 1909, [[Colombes]]
* 200 m: 22,6 s, 9. Juli 1911, [[Colombes]]
* 400 m: 49,0 s, 31. Mai 1908, [[Paris]]
* 400 m Hürden: 57,2 s, 13. Juni 1909, [[Colombes]]

== Weblinks ==
* {{SportsReference|fa/pierre-failliot-1}}
* [http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/player/2195.html Eintrag] bei ''ESPNscrum''

== Fußnoten ==
<references/>

{{SORTIERUNG:Failliot, Pierre}}
[[Kategorie:100-Meter-Läufer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:200-Meter-Läufer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:400-Meter-Läufer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:4-mal-400-Meter-Staffel-Läufer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:400-Meter-Hürdenläufer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:Zehnkämpfer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:Rugby-Union-Spieler (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:Olympiateilnehmer (Frankreich)]]
[[Kategorie:Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1912]]
[[Kategorie:Franzose]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1887]]
[[Kategorie:Gestorben 1935]]
[[Kategorie:Mann]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=Failliot, Pierre
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=Failliot, Pierre Alexis Louis (vollständiger Name)
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=französischer Leichtathlet und Rugby-Union-Spieler
|GEBURTSDATUM=25. Februar 1887
|GEBURTSORT=[[Paris]]
|STERBEDATUM=31. Dezember 1935
|STERBEORT=[[Paris]]
}}

Paul d’Amour

2019-05-26T18:08:10Z

Quiddity: fix dates

[[Datei:Paul d'Amour - portrait by Jeff White.jpg|miniatur|Paul d’Amour]]
'''Paul d’Amour''' (* [[12. Mai]] [[1967]] in [[Spokane (Washington)|Spokane]], [[Washington (Bundesstaat)|Washington]]) ist ein US-amerikanischer Musiker. Unter anderem war er Bassist der [[Progressive Metal|Progressive-Metal]]-Band [[Tool (Band)|Tool]].

== Leben ==
Wie [[Adam Jones]], [[Gitarrist]] von Tool, zog d’Amour nach [[Los Angeles]], um ins Filmgeschäft einzusteigen. Nachdem er Jones kennenlernte, wurde er von diesem der Band Tool vorgestellt und trat ihr kurze Zeit später bei.

1995 trennte er sich jedoch aufgrund von künstlerischen Differenzen von der Band. Daraufhin gründete d’Amour die Psychedelic-Popband [[Lusk (Band)|Lusk]] mit Brad Laner, [[Chris Pitman]] und Greg Edwards (ehemals [[Failure]], heute [[Autolux]]). 1997 veröffentlichten sie ihr einziges Album ''Free Mars''.

Während seiner Zeit bei Tool spielte d’Amour als Gitarrist in dem Nebenprojekt [[Replicants]], einer Coverband, in der neben d’Amour auch Ken Andrews und Greg Edwards von Failure sowie Chris Pitman mitspielten. Sie veröffentlichten 1995 ein selbstbetiteltes Album, bei dem [[Maynard James Keenan]] sich an einem Song als Sänger beteiligte.

Anfang 2006 begann d’Amour unter dem Namen ''Feersum Enjin'', eine Anleihe aus dem [[Science-Fiction-Roman]] ''Feersum Endjinn'' von Iain M. Banks, aufzutreten. Bislang wurde eine selbstbetitelte [[Extended Play|EP]] herausgebracht.

== Diskografie ==
=== Tool ===
* [[Opiate (EP)]] (1992)
* [[Undertow (Album)|Undertow]] (1993)

=== Replicants ===
* Replicants (1995)

=== Lusk ===
* Free Mars (1997)

=== Feersum Enjin ===
* Feersum Enjin (2006)

=== Lesser Key ===
* Lesser Key (2014)

== Weblinks ==
* {{Webarchiv | url=http://toolshed.down.net/bio/paulbio.html | wayback=20080328054639 | text=Kurze Biografie}}
* [http://www.feersumennjin.com/ Offizielle Seite von Feersum Ennjin]
* [http://www.toolband.com/ Offizielle Webseite der Band Tool (englisch)]

{{Navigationsleiste Tool}}

{{Normdaten|TYP=p|LCCN=no/2011/192078|VIAF=88096503}}

{{SORTIERUNG:DAmour, Paul}}
[[Kategorie:Tool (Band)]]
[[Kategorie:Bassist]]
[[Kategorie:Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)]]
[[Kategorie:US-Amerikaner]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1967]]
[[Kategorie:Mann]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=D’Amour, Paul
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=US-amerikanischer Musiker, Bassist der Alternative/Heavy-Metal-Band Tool
|GEBURTSDATUM=12. Mai 1967
|GEBURTSORT=[[Spokane (Washington)|Spokane]], [[Washington (Bundesstaat)|Washington]]
|STERBEDATUM=
|STERBEORT=
}}

Benutzer:Quiddity/common.js

2017-07-22T06:25:33Z

Quiddity: test Schnark's

//[[Benutzer:Schnark/js/syntaxhighlight.js]]
mw.loader.load('https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:Schnark/js/syntaxhighlight.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

Benutzer:Quiddity/common.js

2016-05-12T16:46:12Z

Quiddity: add note

// syntax highlighter- Remember_the_dot's
mw.loader.load('//www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-DotsSyntaxHighlighter.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

Benutzer:Quiddity/common.js

2016-05-12T16:36:28Z

Quiddity: test syntax highlighter

//syntax highlighter
mw.loader.load('//www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-DotsSyntaxHighlighter.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

Benutzer Diskussion:Atlasowa/edit history visualization

2015-05-02T00:12:16Z

Quiddity: Neuer Abschnitt /* whoCOLOR and whoVIS */

== whoCOLOR and whoVIS ==

Hi [[Benutzer:Atlasowa|Atlasowa]], I just saw http://f-squared.org/whovisual/ linked [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wiki-research-l/2015-May/004447.html on the mailing list], and thought you might want to add it to your great compendium here. Cheers. :) [[Benutzer:Quiddity|Quiddity]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Quiddity|Diskussion]]) 02:12, 2. Mai 2015 (CEST)

Benutzerin Diskussion:Elya

2013-12-18T00:20:09Z

Quiddity: Neuer Abschnitt /* Meetups - a design pattern catalogue */

{{Autoarchiv
|Alter=10
|Ziel='((Lemma))/Archiv 2013'
|Mindestbeiträge=2
|Klein=Ja
|Zeigen=Ja
}}

== Heydecker in Köln? ==

Hallo Elya, ich kann dir nicht viele Informationen geben als die im Artikel [[Architekten Heydecker]] angegeben sind. Angeblich waren die beiden auch in Köln aktiv. Vielleicht findest du ja was... deren Architektur trägt eine eigene Marke und ist daher gut erkennbar. Die beiden Heydecker sind meine Lieblingsarchitekten gemeinsam mit [[Andor Ákos]] aus Kempten... Mich interessierts nur persönlich, ich erkenne deren Stil schon vom weiten und evtl. gibt es in Köln noch Bauwerke von denen? Bilder wären hervorragend... Aber keine Panik, eilt nicht. ;) [[User:Hilarmont|Hilarmont]] ᴖ 21:45, 8. Feb. 2013 (CET)

== Magie ==

Liebe elya,
keine Magie. Aber wir waren ohnehin deutlich (!) über unserem Zeitfenster und mussten uns einfach beeilen, weil wir an dem Abend noch einen weiteren Termin hatten...
Wenn es bei mir zeitlich irgend geht, komme ich gerne mal zu einem der Stammtische.
Liebe Grüße! --[[Benutzer:Adippold|Adippold]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Adippold|Diskussion]]) 19:35, 3. Mär. 2013 (CET)

== [[Wikipedia:GLAM/de.GLAMwiki 2013|de.GLAMwiki 2013]] ==

Liebe de.GLAMwiki 2013 Teilnehmer,

der erste deutsche Workshop rund um das Thema GLAM steht kurz bevor. Um Unklarheiten zu beseitigen, haben wir unter [[Wikipedia:GLAM/de.GLAMwiki 2013/Organisation#Teilnehmerinformation|Wikipedia:GLAM/de.GLAMwiki 2013/Organisation#Teilnehmerinformation]] die wichtigsten Infos zusammengefasst. Für allgemeine Rückfragen meldet euch einfach auf der [[Wikipedia Diskussion:GLAM/de.GLAMwiki 2013|Diskussionsseite des Workshops]]. Für nicht-öffentliche Rückfragen meldet euch gerne bei mir [[Spezial:E-Mail_senden/Peter_Weis|per Wikimail]]. Ich freue mich auf später und wünsche euch eine gute Reise. Regards, [[Benutzer:Peter Weis|Peter Weis]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Peter Weis|Diskussion]]) 00:09, 8. Mär. 2013 (CET)

== Dom ==

[http://www.lisa.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de/content.php?nav_id=1199 fyi :)]. [[Benutzer:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Marcus Cyron|Reden]] 09:27, 17. Apr. 2013 (CEST)

== CSE Standard ==
Hallo Elya, danke für deine Kommentar zum CSE, ich habe geantwortet und würde mich über Deine Meinung freuen
--[[Benutzer:Businessethics1984|Businessethics1984]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Businessethics1984|Diskussion]]) 14:20, 3. Mai 2013 (CEST)

== [[Wikipedia:Ruhrgebiet#Einladung zum 54. Stammtisch Ruhrgebiet |Einladung zum 54. Treffen des WP-Stammtischs Ruhrgebiet]] ==
<div style="border:5px solid #00CD00; padding:10px; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;">
<big>Der nächste [[WP:Ruhrgebiet|Ruhrgebietsstammtisch]] findet am Samstag, den 13. Juli 2013 in Duisburg statt.</big> Wir treffen uns um 15:00 Uhr an der [http://duisburg-meiderich.jugendherberge.de/Portraet Jugendherberge] am [[Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord]] {{Coordinate|text=/|NS=51.479031|EW=6.780277|type=landmark|region=DE-NW|text=DMS/|name=/}}. Der Ort ist gut mit Auto (Parkplätze sind vorhanden) und ÖPNV erreichbar. 
Es wird ein gemeinsamer Stammtisch mit dem Stammtisch Duisburg und den [[Wikipedia:Musketiere|Musketieren]]. 
Weitere Informationen auf der [[Wikipedia:Musketiere/Organisation|Organisationsseite der Musketiere]] 

Gruß, --[[Benutzerin:Itti|Itti]] 13:17, 19. Mai 2013 (CEST)

Möchtest du diese Nachricht nicht mehr erhalten, trage dich bitte aus der [[Wikipedia:Ruhrgebiet/Einladungsliste|Einladungsliste des Ruhrgebietsstammtisch]] aus.

</div>

== [[Wikipedia:Neue Welt]] ==
Hallo Elya vielleicht magst du dort mal vorbei schauen. Ansonsten: Sorry für das Dosenfleisch Gruß --[[Benutzer:Saehrimnir|Saehrimnir]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Saehrimnir|Diskussion]]) 18:00, 18. Jul. 2013 (CEST)
== [[Wikipedia:Ruhrgebiet#Einladung zum 55. Stammtisch Ruhrgebiet |Einladung zum 55. Treffen des WP-Stammtischs Ruhrgebiet]] ==
<div style="border:5px solid #00CD00; padding:10px; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;">
<big>Der nächste [[WP:Ruhrgebiet|Ruhrgebietsstammtisch]] findet am Samstag, den 7. September 2013 in Bochum statt.</big> Wir treffen uns um 14.00 Uhr vor dem [http://www.bergbaumuseum.de Bergbaumuseum] in Bochum, Am Bergbaumuseum 28, 44791 Bochum, danach werden wir die Ausstellung besichtigen. Um 15.30 startet unsere Führung in den Untergrund. Ab 17.30 Uhr werden wir das Treffen gemütlich beim Stammtisch im [http://www.parkschlösschen-bochum.de/ Restaurant Parkschlösschen] ausklingen lassen.

Glückauf! --[[Benutzerin:Itti|Itti]] 11:14, 2. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

Möchtest du diese Nachricht nicht mehr erhalten, trage dich bitte aus der [[Wikipedia:Ruhrgebiet/Einladungsliste|Einladungsliste des Ruhrgebietsstammtisch]] aus.

</div>

== 10 Jahre Wikipedia ==

[[Datei:Lilium 'Retro' 02.JPG|mini]]
Beiwunsch! Glückleid? Naja, sowas eben ;) [[Benutzer:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Marcus Cyron|Reden]] 02:04, 18. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
== [[Wikipedia:Ruhrgebiet#Einladung zum 56. Stammtisch Ruhrgebiet |Einladung zum 56. Treffen des WP-Stammtischs Ruhrgebiet]] ==
<div style="border:5px solid #00CD00; padding:10px; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;">
<big>Der nächste [[WP:Ruhrgebiet|Ruhrgebietsstammtisch]] findet am Samstag, den 2. November 2013 in Gelsenkirchen statt.</big> Wir treffen uns um 15.00 Uhr vor dem [[Kunstmuseum Gelsenkirchen]] ([http://www.gelsenkirchen.de/de/Kultur/Kunstmuseum/default.asp Kunstmuseum Gelsenkirchen]), Horster Straße 5-7, 45897 Gelsenkirchen, danach werden wir die ''Ausstellung'' besichtigen. Ab 17.30 Uhr werden wir das Treffen gemütlich beim Stammtisch im Restaurant [http://www.zumhexenhaeuschen.de/ Zum Hexenhäuschen] ausklingen lassen.

Glückauf! --[[Benutzerin:Itti|Itti]] 15:11, 24. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

Möchtest du diese Nachricht nicht mehr erhalten, trage dich bitte aus der [[Wikipedia:Ruhrgebiet/Einladungsliste|Einladungsliste des Ruhrgebietsstammtisch]] aus.

</div>

== Swizz Production ==
übertragen udn geantwortet auf [[WP:RCK]] --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 14:40, 5. Okt. 2013 (CEST)

== Iwan Franko / Abstammung ==

Meine Interesse hat der folgende Abschnitt geweckt
"Iwan Franko wurde 1856 als Sohn eines Dorfschmieds deutscher Abstammung im Kreis Drohobytsch in Ostgalizien geboren. Der ursprüngliche Familienname war Frank."

Iwan Franko geboren in dem Dorf Nahujewytschi, der Familien Name, Franko, früher Frankiw, wurde noch vor österreichischer Zeit registriert.Neben dem Dorf Nahujewytschi gab es wirklich eine Deutsche Kolonie, gegründet wurde aber diese in der Zeit, wo die Vorfahren von Iwan Franko schon von Generatipn zu Generation zurückverfolgt werden können.
Also : Mutter- Maria Kultschytska, Vater- Jakiw Franko, beide griechisch-katholisch. Großeltern (väterlicherseits) Iwan Franko und Kateryna Kimakowytsch, griechisch-katholisch. Urgroßvater Theodor Franko, griechisch-katholisch, die eindeutige Eintäge über die Urgroßmutter fehlen.
Großeltern (mütterlicherseits) Mykola Kultschyzkyj und Ludwiga Hwosdezka, griechisch-katholisch.
Alle Einträge wurden in der ukrainischen (griechisch-katholisch)Kirche gemacht, nicht in der katholischen Kirche, was über ihre Auffassung sich selbst als ukrainer bestätigt.

Es ist nicht auszuschließen das im 16-17 Jahrhundert es einen deutschen Einfluss gab, aber mit Dokumenten ist es nicht zu Belegen. Bis jetzt sind aber alle Versuche die deutsche Spur in der Familie von Iwan Franko zu finden, fehlgeschlagen.

Deshalb meine Frage an sie, auf was stützen sie sich bei dieser Formulierung.

Anderseits, seine Abstammung würde nichts an seiner Rolle in der ukrainischen Literatur und Gesellschaft ändern.
:Hallo, die Abstammung ist mir persönlich relativ egal, aber Du hast einen verständlichen Satz gelöscht und durch einen Halbsatz ersetzt, das schien mir wenig sinnvoll. Belegt werden muß natürlich beides. Bitte gib einfach eine Quelle (Literatur etc.) an, dann helfe ich Dir gerne bei der Formulierung. --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 10:13, 24. Okt. 2013 (CEST)

== Herzlichen Glückwunsch ==

[[Datei:Jan_Brueghel_-_Bloemen_in_een_vaas.JPG|miniatur|hochkant|rechts|...und noch ein paar Blümchen dazu]]
Zum Geburtstag (und für das nächste Lebensjahr) alles Gute. --[[Benutzer:Loegge|Loegge]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Loegge|Diskussion]]) 13:46, 5. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:Dem schließe ich mich natürlich gerne an. Alles Liebe, Mutti! :) [[Benutzer:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Marcus Cyron|Reden]] 13:50, 5. Dez. 2013 (CET)
::Alles Liebe, alles Gute zum [http://toolserver.org/~luxo/geburtstagskalender/ Geburtstag]. --[[Benutzer:1971markus|1971markus]] [[:w:de:Fliegendes Spaghettimonster|(☠)]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:1971markus|⇒ Laberkasten ...]] 18:30, 5. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:::Oh, da schliesse ich mich doch sehr gerne an. Hoffe Du hast den Tag in angenehmer Atmosphäre verbracht und es jetzt ebenso gemütlich ... --[[Benutzer:HOPflaume|HOPflaume<big>盒</big>]] 18:34, 5. Dez. 2013 (CET)
::::Nachträglich auch alles Liebe von mir :) --[[Datei:Kölner sprinter farbig.svg |25px|verweis=Portal:Radsport]] [[Benutzer:Nicola|Poldine]] - [[Benutzer_Diskussion:Nicola| AHA]] 00:32, 10. Dez. 2013 (CET)

== Frage zur Bestätigung ==

Du hast mich im September bestätigt, aber nicht dazu geschrieben, wo wir uns getroffen haben. So fehlt mir die konkrete Erinnerung an unser Treffen und Deine Person. Gruß -- [[Benutzer:Dr.cueppers|Dr.cueppers]] - [[Benutzer Diskussion:Dr.cueppers|Disk.]] 10:16, 9. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:Lieber Dr. Cueppers, wir begegneten uns in Köln-Deutz bei der Vorstellung des letztjährigen WMDE-Jahresplans, wo Du einen Impulsvortrag zum Ottomotor hieltest. Wir saßen uns schräg gegenüber, hatten aber leider keine Gelegenheit zu einem Gespräch. Beste Grüße, --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 23:25, 9. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:: Danke - alles klar. Gruß -- [[Benutzer:Dr.cueppers|Dr.cueppers]] - [[Benutzer Diskussion:Dr.cueppers|Disk.]] 10:01, 11. Dez. 2013 (CET)

== Funkhaus Wallrafplatz ==

Hallo Elya, ich habe diesen Artikelentwurf [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzerin:Nicola/Funkhaus] gemacht, kann aber leider nur wenige Informationen darüber im Internet finden. Hast Du vielleicht dazu Literatur? Ich stöber bei mir jetzt auch noch mal. Wäre schön, wenn Du Lust hättest, etwas beizutragen. Gruß, --[[Datei:Kölner sprinter farbig.svg |25px|verweis=Portal:Radsport]] [[Benutzer:Nicola|Poldine]] - [[Benutzer_Diskussion:Nicola| AHA]] 20:30, 9. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:ich wußte doch, daß der Dreibänder zur Geschichte des WDR, an dem ich letztens im modernen Antiquariat nicht vorbeigehen konnte seinen Sinn hatte. Ich schau morgen oder übermorgen mal. Hatte heute noch einen Geheimauftrag in Sachen Internationale WLM-Gewinner zu erledigen ;-) --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 23:16, 9. Dez. 2013 (CET)
::Das ist prima. Ich habe den Artikel jetzt etwas ausgebaut, weil ich doch noch eine vernünftige Internetquelle fand. Aber da gibts z.B. zwei verschiedene Daten in Sachen Denkmalschutz. Ist ja nicht eilig. Aber schon mal danke, --[[Datei:Kölner sprinter farbig.svg |25px|verweis=Portal:Radsport]] [[Benutzer:Nicola|Poldine]] - [[Benutzer_Diskussion:Nicola| AHA]] 23:36, 9. Dez. 2013 (CET) Das [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzerin:Nicola/Schneider] habe ich auch in der Mache.
::Dich darf man nicht in die Nähe von Büchern lassen ;). [[Benutzer:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Marcus Cyron|Reden]] 00:19, 10. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:::@Elya. Ich habe die Artikel in den ANS gesetzt, damit auch andere daran arbeiten können. Gruß, --[[Datei:Kölner sprinter farbig.svg |25px|verweis=Portal:Radsport]] [[Benutzer:Nicola|Poldine]] - [[Benutzer_Diskussion:Nicola| AHA]] 15:47, 10. Dez. 2013 (CET)
::::Danke für Deine Nachträge etc. Ich habe bei Schneider noch den Satz mit dem HA nachgetragen, musste mir aber mühsam das "vielleicht noch" verkneifen :) Gruß, --[[Datei:Kölner sprinter farbig.svg |25px|verweis=Portal:Radsport]] [[Benutzer:Nicola|Poldine]] - [[Benutzer_Diskussion:Nicola| AHA]] 22:56, 10. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:::::Och, da gibt es eine ganze Menge, halt nur nicht zwingend schon aufgetaut, ausgepackt und identifiziert. Aber ich bin zuversichtlich. Was bleibt einem übrig? --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 23:07, 10. Dez. 2013 (CET)

== Problem mit Deiner Datei (16.12.2013) ==

Hallo Elya,

bei der folgenden von dir hochgeladenen Datei gibt es noch Probleme:

# [[:Datei:Puschkin bsp.png]] - '''Probleme''': Lizenz, Quelle, Urheber

* '''Lizenz:''' Eine Lizenz ist die Erlaubnis, eine Datei unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu nutzen. In der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia werden nur solche Dateien akzeptiert, die unter den [[Wikipedia:Lizenzvorlagen für Bilder|hier]] gelisteten Lizenzen stehen. Wenn du der Urheber der Datei bist, solltest du eine solche Vorlage deiner Wahl in die Dateibeschreibungsseite einfügen.
* '''Quelle:''' Hier vermerkst du, wie du zu dieser Datei gekommen bist. Das kann z. B. ein Weblink sein oder – wenn du das Bild selbst gemacht hast – die Angabe „selbst fotografiert“ bzw. „selbst gezeichnet“.
* '''Urheber:''' Der Schöpfer des Werks (z. B. der Fotograf oder der Zeichner). Man wird aber keinesfalls zum Urheber, wenn man bspw. ein Foto von einer Website nur herunterlädt oder ein Gemälde einfach nachzeichnet! Wenn du tatsächlich der Urheber des Werks bist, solltest du entweder deinen Benutzernamen oder deinen bürgerlichen Namen als Urheber angeben. Im letzteren Fall muss allerdings erkennbar sein, dass du (also Elya) auch diese Person bist.

Durch Klicken auf „Bearbeiten“ oben auf der Dateibeschreibungsseite kannst du die fehlenden Angaben nachtragen. Wenn die Probleme nicht innerhalb von 14 Tagen behoben wird, muss die Datei leider gelöscht werden.

Fragen beantwortet dir möglicherweise die [[Hilfe:FAQ zu Bildern|Bilder-FAQ]]. Du kannst aber auch gern hier antworten, damit dir individuell geholfen wird.

Vielen Dank für deine Unterstützung, [[Benutzer:Xqbot|Xqbot]] ([[WD:DÜP|Diskussion]]) 01:07, 16. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:Ich liebe Bots … // erl. --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 08:03, 16. Dez. 2013 (CET)

== Relevanz Check Gera Arcaden ==

Zur Fläche, Shopanzahl, Kaufkraftindex, usw. gibt es unter www.mfi.eu Belege. Ich habe die Daten und Fakten aufgenommen, die mir für den Leser interessant erschien und die auch in Artikeln zu anderen Centern zu finden waren. Von Umsatz, etc. war dort nie die Rede, daher habe ich diese Zahlen rausgelassen.
Die Mitarbeiteranzahl lässt sich sicher herausfinden - ist dies denn so relevant?
Viele Grüße, --[[Benutzer:Evy11|Evy11]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Evy11|Diskussion]]) 22:06, 16. Dez. 2013 (CET)Evy
:Bei der Relevanzfrage geht es in den meisten Fälle um nachweisbare harte Fakten - bitte sei doch so lieb, und stelle Deine Rückfrage direkt beim Relevanzcheck, damit die Diskussion überichtlich bleibt, ja? Ich würde mir auch wünschen, daß man auf ausführliche Antworten ein kleines Feedback bekommt, ob die Auskunft hilfreich war oder weiterer Diskussionsbedarf besteht. Danke + Beste Grüße --[[Benutzer:Elya|elya]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Elya|Diskussion]]) 08:12, 17. Dez. 2013 (CET)
:Ehrlich gesagt, finde ich die Rückmeldung nicht so hilfreich. Ich bin absoluter Wikipedia-Neuling, daher würde auch ich mich über klare Hilfestellung freuen. Ich denke, ich habe in meinem Artikel harte Fakten aufgeführt: Größe, Shopanzahl - gerne kann ich auch das Einzugsgebiet anführen - allerdings habe ich mich, wie gesagt, an bestehenden Artikeln orientiert und kann nicht ganz nachvollziehen, was an diesem Artikel so verkehrt ist. Die Gera Arcaden sind ein in der Umgebung wichtiges, großes Einkaufszentrum und darum, meiner
Meinung nach, durchaus relevant. Liebe Grüße, --[[Benutzer:Evy11|Evy11]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Evy11|Diskussion]]) 09:27, 17. Dez. 2013 (CET)Evy
:Beim Relevanzcheck werden einzig Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, wenn du meinst, das Thema sein ein Artikel wert, kannst du ihn natürlich anlegen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Löschantrages ist groß, aber wenn du deine Arumente gut verbringst, kann das alles klappen. [[Benutzer:Marcus Cyron|Marcus Cyron]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Marcus Cyron|Reden]] 15:01, 17. Dez. 2013 (CET)

== Meetups - a design pattern catalogue ==

Hi Elya. I recently found "File:Meetups - a design pattern catalogue.pdf" on the private WMF office wiki, and I really liked it. (I believe it was [[wm2008:Lightning talks#Day 1|presented at Wikimania 2008]]?) I was wondering if you could upload it to Commons, so that we could link to it at [[outreach:Bookshelf Project]] and elsewhere? Also, are there any further details in the Apple Keynote presentation (mentioned in the file description), or is that just a different file-format of the same content? Much thanks. [[Benutzer:Quiddity|Quiddity]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Quiddity|Diskussion]]) 01:20, 18. Dez. 2013 (CET)

Benutzer:Quiddity

2013-12-18T00:20:02Z

Quiddity: create

Hi, I'm Quiddity. I sorry that I only understand English. Please see [[:en:User:Quiddity]] for my main account. Thank you!

Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt

2013-09-09T20:53:43Z

Quiddity: Neuer Abschnitt /* Reply at mediawiki */

{{Autoarchiv|Alter=30|Mindestbeiträge=1|Mindestabschnitte =3|Ziel='Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt/Archiv/'yyyy/qq|Klein=Ja}}
{{Archivübersicht|
* [[/Archiv/2005/4|2005]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2006/1|1. Quartal 2006]]
* [[/Archiv/2006/2|2. Quartal 2006]]
* [[/Archiv/2006/3|3. Quartal 2006]]
* [[/Archiv/2006/4|4. Quartal 2006]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2007/1|1. Quartal 2007]]
* [[/Archiv/2007/2|2. Quartal 2007]]
* [[/Archiv/2007/3|3. Quartal 2007]]
* [[/Archiv/2007/4|4. Quartal 2007]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2008/1|1. Quartal 2008]]
* [[/Archiv/2008/2|2. Quartal 2008]]
* [[/Archiv/2008/3|3. Quartal 2008]]
* [[/Archiv/2008/4|4. Quartal 2008]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2009/1|1. Quartal 2009]]
* [[/Archiv/2009/2|2. Quartal 2009]]
* [[/Archiv/2009/3|3. Quartal 2009]]
* [[/Archiv/2009/4|4. Quartal 2009]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2010/1|1. Quartal 2010]]
* [[/Archiv/2010/2|2. Quartal 2010]]
* [[/Archiv/2010/3|3. Quartal 2010]]
* [[/Archiv/2010/4|4. Quartal 2010]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2011/1|1. Quartal 2011]]
* [[/Archiv/2011/2|2. Quartal 2011]]
* [[/Archiv/2011/3|3. Quartal 2011]]
* [[/Archiv/2011/4|4. Quartal 2011]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2012/1|1. Quartal 2012]]
* [[/Archiv/2012/2|2. Quartal 2012]]
* [[/Archiv/2012/3|3. Quartal 2012]]
* [[/Archiv/2012/4|4. Quartal 2012]]
----
* [[/Archiv/2013/1|1. Quartal 2013]]
* [[/Archiv/2013/2|2. Quartal 2013]]
* [[/Archiv/2013/3|3. Quartal 2013]]
* [[/Archiv/2013/4|4. Quartal 2013]]
}}

== WISO praxis ==

Hallo Henning! Mit gültiger Benutzerkarte der BSB kannst Du im Großraum München (wird IP ausgelesen) auf den Einzelnachweis Nr. 1 in [[Erich Franke]] online zugreifen. Kannst Du mir diesen Artikel vielleicht besorgen? Rhein-Zeitung: {{ZDB|2393887-0}}

Vielen Dank, -- [[Benutzer:Doc Taxon|Doc Taxon]] [[Spezial:E-Mail/Doc Taxon|@]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Doc Taxon|Discussion]] 16:34, 10. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:vorhin erledigt. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 13:06, 12. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== Vielen Dank ==

Hallo Henning! Schönen Dank an Euch alle, dass ich gestern dabei sein durfte. Habe wieder viel neues dazugelernt und neue Leute kennengelernt. Solche Treffen sind immer wieder ein Wiki-Highlight. Wegen des Lunologie-Buchs habe ich jetzt auch nichts weiter finden können. Wenn es eine Fernleihe war, kam der Auftrag sicher nicht von mir. Es würde hier sehr weiter helfen, wenn Du mir kurz mal den Titel des Buchs nennen würdest, müsste ja im BSB opacplus stehen. Vielleicht kommen wir dem dann doch noch auf die Spur, zumindest aber, wenn jemals eine Anfrage in WP:BIBA gestellt wurde. Schöne Grüße, -- [[Benutzer:Doc Taxon|Doc Taxon]] [[Spezial:E-Mail/Doc Taxon|@]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Doc Taxon|Discussion]] 11:48, 18. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== Schauspielchronologie der salzburger festspiele ==

wie wäre es auch mal auf etwas in der diskussion einzugehen oder überhaupt zu diskutieren, statt einfach zu agieren? auch bezüglich recycling und magier der bühne. MITeinanders, nicht admin gegen "einfachen" user. weiß jetzt ad hoc nicht, ob bei den schauspielproduktionen schon ein eigenständiger artikel da war (?), wäre aber auch besprechenswert gewesen, hoffe, da wurde eine arbeit nicht einfach gelöscht. das weiß allerdings der meister besser als ich.--[[Benutzer:Abadonna|Abadonna]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Abadonna|Diskussion]]) 16:10, 19. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
Habe mir soeben den eigentlichen, noch im entstehenden befindlichen, schauspielproduktionen-artikel angeschaut, warum verschiebst Du einfach, ohne es zu besprechen? ich '''fordere''' den rückverschub!!!--[[Benutzer:Abadonna|Abadonna]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Abadonna|Diskussion]]) 16:29, 19. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== Max Mannheimer ==

Hallo H-stt, ich weiß nicht, ob das Thema Dich interesssiert. Durch einen Film (auf den ich verlinkt habe) stieß ich vor einiger Zeit auf [[Max Mannheimer]], der genau heute durch die Medien geht. [[Benutzer:Goesseln|Goesseln]] hat den Artikel umfangreich redigiert, und ich habe teilweise ein etwas ungutes Gefühl dabei. Manches verbessert stilistisch, manches verändert den Sinn (beispielsweise "nahm die Familie Mannheimer österreichische Juden in ihrem Haus auf und half ihnen bei der Flucht" ist geändert in "nahm die Familie Mannheimer geflohene österreichische Juden in ihrem Haus auf"). Wenn Du magst, schau mal drüber. Wenn nicht, habe ich Verständnis. Du hast ja genügend eigene Baustellen. Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 08:57, 20. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:Ich schau's mir an. Max Mannheimer kenne ich persönlich, naja, was halt kennen heißen kann. Als ich in der neunten Klasse war, kam er eines Tag in unsere Schule und hat aus seinem Leben und über die Verfolgung erzählt. Also interessiert es mich. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 16:54, 20. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
::Ich habe noch ein paar Links ergänzt, um Zusammenhänge herzustellen. Ohne das Buch kann ich nicht entscheiden, ob die von dir kritisierte Formulierung ein Problem ist. Ich habe es mal in der Bibliothek bestellt und schaue ob ich da noch was machen muss. Danke für den Hinweis und viele Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 17:48, 20. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:::Ein Glücksfall, dass Du Max Mannheimer persönlich kennen lerntest und an ihm interessiert bist. Bei Dir weiß ich die Seite in guten Händen, danke. Der Film ist übrigens dadurch besonders beeindruckend, weil sich das alles nicht weit weg, sondern quasi vor der Haustür abspielte. Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 19:06, 20. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
::::Nachtrag: Ich habe den Satz noch mal ergänzt. Die Familie bot den Geflohenen jeweils eine Nacht ein Bett, bevor sie ins Landesinnnere weiterreisten. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 16:57, 21. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:::::Hat wirklich noch kein Regierungschef - der gesamten Welt - vor Merkel Dachau besucht? Die Presse betont die deutschen Bundeskanzler. - Man könnte den Absatz übrigens auch als drittletzten einsortieren. Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 12:31, 22. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:::::::Kein amtierender Kanzler(in). Merkel selbst war schon früher mal dort gewesen, aber das war vor ihrer Kanzlerschaft. Wie könnte man das besser formulieren? Einfach ein "deutsche Regierungscheffin"? Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]]
::::::::Weil man keinesfalls die "weiblichen Formen" weglassen darf, ist's schwierig. An meiner Formulierung hatte ich schon gefeilt: "Am 20. August 2013 folgte Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel einer Einladung Max Mannheimers vom vorangegangenen Herbst, das Konzentrationslager Dachau zu besuchen, was noch keiner ihrer Vorgänger getan hatte." Das "amtierend" fehlt, aber die Geschlechter waren korrekt. "Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel als erste amtierende Regierungschefin" könnte sowohl bedeuten, dass auch nichtdeutsche Regierungschefs/innen einbezogen sind, als auch, dass von Adenauer bis Schröder alle da waren und sie einfach die erste Frau in diesem Amt war. "erste deutsche amtierende Regierungschefin" wäre (sofern mit einem "f") wohl korrekt, aber meine Formulierung gefällt mir zumindest nicht weniger. - Den Bierzeltauftritt alleine hätte ich für nicht so bedeutsam gehalten, aber dadurch, dass Mannheimer ihn verteidigt hat, schon. Aber dafür lehne ich mich nicht aus dem Fenster, zumal im Einzelnachweis ja deutlich darauf hingewiesen wird. - Apropos Einzelnachweis: Müssten die "Anmerkungen" nicht so heißen? Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 13:20, 22. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
::::Einzelnachweise ist zwar üblich, aber es gibt keine "Pflicht" genau dieses Wort zu benutzen. Und was die Formulierung angeht: Schwierig. Glücklich bin ich nicht damit. Ich denk nochmal drüber nach, du vielleicht auch. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 13:23, 22. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:::::Ich hab's überschlafen. Ich habe schon etliche Reverts mit der Begründung "Keine Verbesserung" gesehen, und das triftt - bitte entschuldige - meines Erachtens auf Deine Formulierung zu. Meine mag nicht der Weisheit allerletzter Schluss sein, aber sie ist korrekt, lässt also keine Fragen offen (Regierungschefin welchen Landes, was war mit den männlichen Amtsvorgängern?). Zwei Korrekturen sind noch erforderlich: ''Amts''vorgänger statt einfach Vorgänger, und insbesondere besuchte Merkel nicht das [[Konzentrationslager Dachau]], sondern die [[KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau]], wenn es in den Medien auch verschiedentlich anders stand. Mit diesen beiden Korrekturen schlage ich also vor, bis zu einem noch besseren Text zu meinem zurückzukehren. Wenn Du das nicht möchtest, warum nicht? Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 09:34, 23. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:::::::Gern, aber bitte nur ohne den Wahlkampfmist. Der interessiert im Artikel von Mannheimer niemanden. Und im Rest der Wikipedia interessiert er in exakt einem Monat auch niemanden mehr. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 10:51, 23. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
::::::::Prima. Möge ein Sprachbegnadeter uns irgendwann beide in den Schatten stellen. Aus der höheren Warte habe ich nicht nur den "Wahlkampfmist" weiterhin weggelassen, sondern auch die Einladung ''vom vorangegangenen Herbst''. Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 11:14, 23. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:::::::::In der Wochenchronik der heutigen Süddeutschen Zeitung steht: "Als erster deutscher Bundeskanzler hat Angela Merkel am 20. März die KZ-Gedenkstätte in Dachau besucht." Da hält die jetzige Formulierung locker mit. Noch schlimmer wäre höchstens "BundeskanzlerIn". Gruß, [[Benutzer:Anselm Rapp|Anselm Rapp]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Anselm Rapp|Diskussion]]) 10:34, 24. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== Geografie / Geographie ==

Hallo Henning! Ich kann keinerlei Übereinstimmungen finden, dass das ominöse Buch im Fach in der WP irgendwo gesucht wurde. Wahrscheinlich wurdest Du persönlich per eMail angeschrieben. Aber keine Angst, ich kenne das Phänomen mittlerweile auch schon.

Sag mal, könntest Du hier vielleicht etwas dazu sagen: [[WP:AA#Landschaftsgeografie verschieben nach Landschaftsgeographie]]. Ich finde es schon besser, wenn wir in WP mit der "1. Wahl" des Duden arbeiten als mit den aber auch nicht unkorrekten alternativen Schreibweisen. Demotivation durch Menge an zu überarbeitenden Anpassungen sollte die Entscheidung aber nicht beeinflussen, es gibt ja die schönsten Bots, die so was erledigen können. Ich selbst könnte es ja leider nicht, denn für Verschiebungen zwischen zwei bereits bestehenden Seiten fehlen mir die Admin-Rechte (Disk/Version mitnehmen). Schönen Dank, -- [[Benutzer:Doc Taxon|Doc Taxon]] [[Spezial:E-Mail/Doc Taxon|@]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Doc Taxon|Discussion]] 16:30, 22. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:hat sich aber jetzt schon erledigt, danke -- [[Benutzer:Doc Taxon|Doc Taxon]] [[Spezial:E-Mail/Doc Taxon|@]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Doc Taxon|Discussion]] 18:37, 22. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

::Gut, wobei ich mich für ph ausgesprochen hätte. Die Wissenschaft benutzt einhellig ph, was der Duden da macht, halte ich nicht für sinnvoll. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 09:15, 23. Aug. 2013 (CEST) PS: Und das Buch gebe ich dann einfach nächste Woche weitgehend ungelesen zurück. Ich hatte mal reingeschaut, ist aber wirklich nichts für mich.

== Besten Dank ==

Guten Abend nach Deutschland, ich wollte mich nur kurz für die kleinen Aufräumaktionen deinerseits [http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Muir_Trail&action=history an dieser Stelle] und [http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrizo_Plain_National_Monument&action=history hier] bedanken, wobei ich künftig Besserung gelobe. In diesem Sinne, Beste Grüße aus dem Golden State --[[Benutzer:Gordon F. Smith|'''Gordon F. Smith''']] 21:25, 22. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:Hallo, schön von dir zu hören. Und solche kleinen Verbesserungen mache ich gern, wenn ich deine Edits (oder die von anderen) auf der Beobachtungsliste finde. Jeder von uns ist immer drauf angewiesen, dass wir alle zusammenarbeiten. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 09:16, 23. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== [[Diskussion:Flugzeugkatastrophe_von_Königs_Wusterhausen#Keine_URV_beim_wp-Artikel|Nicht gekennzeichnetes Zitat aus wp-Artikel auf externer Seite]] ==

Hallo, ich hoffe, du kannst mir da helfen. [[Diskussion:Flugzeugkatastrophe_von_Königs_Wusterhausen#Keine_URV_beim_wp-Artikel|Hier]] findest du die Angaben zur Sachlage. Ich wollte dem webmaster <webmaster@interflug.biz> der von mir im Artikel zitierten Seite eine e-mail zukommen lassen:
*Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, ich zitiere einfach mal Ihre Angaben: "Falls Sie vermuten, dass von dieser Website aus eines Ihrer Schutzrechte verletzt wird, teilen Sie das bitte umgehend per elektronischer Post mit, damit zügig Abhilfe geschafft werden kann."
:und verweise gleichzeitig auf diesen [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:Flugzeugkatastrophe_von_K%C3%B6nigs_Wusterhausen#Keine_URV_beim_wp-Artikel Diskussionsbeitrag] in wp.
:Da es sicherlich keine inhaltlichen Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu dem tragischen Unfalhergang gibt, bitte ich Sie daher, diesen Abschnitt in Ihrem Artikel entsprechend zu kennzeichnen oder zu überarbeiten.

:Viele Grüße

:tk-lion
Geht das so? VG. --[[Benutzer:TK-lion|TK-lion]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:TK-lion|Diskussion]]) 16:36, 27. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
:Hallo, was genau erhoffst du dir von mir? Geht es dir darum, vorsorglich sicher zu stellen, dass dir keine URV in der Wikipedia vorgeworfen wird? Oder möchtest du von mir Unterstützung dabei, den dortigen Verantwortlichen auf die Finger zu klopfen? Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 12:07, 28. Aug. 2013 (CEST)
::Die Abwendung von unberechtigten URV-Vorwürfen steht erst einmal im Vordergrund. Gibt es evtl. eine Gruppe, die sich innerhalb wp um so etwas kümmert, oder kann/muss hier ein Benutzer alles selbst machen? VG --[[Benutzer:TK-lion|TK-lion]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:TK-lion|Diskussion]]) 06:38, 29. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== Von der Liga mag ich nicht sprechen, ==
... [https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campo_Santo_Teutonico&diff=121991601&oldid=121956791 Aha]. Aber sonst hast Du noch alle [[Hans III. zu Rodenstein|Tässchen im Schränkchen]]? Ganz sicher? --[[Benutzer:Capaci34|Capaci34]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Capaci34|Dall'unghia si conosce il leone.]] 00:44, 29. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

:Er ist wieder raus. Bitte schau dir das Umfeld an. Dieses Kapitel sammelt nicht einfach alle dort Begrabenen, sondern zeigt kurz und anhand einiger weniger Beispiele auf, wer dort begraben wurde. Insbesondere welche Personen in den letzten Jahrzehnten oder generell im 20. Jahrhundert, denn das bestimmt den Charakter des Friedhofs heute. Die Liste ist darüber hinaus weitgehend chronologisch geordnet, so dass dein Junker ganz sicher nicht einfach an den Schluss angehängt werden kann. Komm mal bitte auf die Disk, damit wir das dort bereden können - jedenfalls, wenn du ihn weiterhin drin haben willst. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 10:58, 30. Aug. 2013 (CEST)

== Schiedsgericht ==

Hallo H-stt,
ich habe die Absicht, wegen des Edit-Wars in [[Wikipedia:Löschregeln]] das [[Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht]] anzurufen und informiere Dich hiermit als möglicherweise Beteiligter vorab darüber.--[[Benutzer:RöntgenTechniker|RöntgenTechniker]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:RöntgenTechniker|Diskussion]]) 21:26, 3. Sep. 2013 (CEST)
:Hi, du hast ja wirklich Talent dazu, Dinge schleifen zu lassen. Erst wartest du vier Monate und erwartest, dass dann plötzlich alle springen und jetzt sind es wieder annähernd vier Monate ... Und ich sehe nicht, wo da ein Benutzerverhalten sein könnte, für das sich das SG zuständig fühlen könnte. Dein MB hat auch nicht funktioniert. Aber natürlich kann ich dich nicht hindern, es beim SG zu versuchen. Mein Rat an dich wäre aber, keine antagonistischen Verfahren zu versuchen, sondern konstruktiv mit zu wirken. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 09:15, 4. Sep. 2013 (CEST)
::Ich hätte im Gegenteil erwartet, dass niemand so springt. Der Grund, noch einige Zeit abzuwarten, waren Bedenkzeit, noch laufende Artikelsperren durch Administratoren, die Diskussion auf der Artikeldisk, Urlaub und erforderliche Rücksprachen mit anderen betroffenen Benutzern.--[[Benutzer:RöntgenTechniker|RöntgenTechniker]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:RöntgenTechniker|Diskussion]]) 21:31, 4. Sep. 2013 (CEST)
:::Der Link zum Verfahren ist [[Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Anfragen/Änderung der Wikipedia-Regeln]] (noch nicht eingetragen)--[[Benutzer:RöntgenTechniker|RöntgenTechniker]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:RöntgenTechniker|Diskussion]]) 02:14, 9. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

==Du bist schon ziemlich rechthaberisch==
Dein Verhalten im Komplex [[Salzburger Festspiele]] finde ich nicht fair und einem Admin nicht angemessen. Du revertierst Dinge, die auf der Diskussionsseite längst belegt wurden, anstatt die Belege selbst einzusetzen oder von mir oder anderen einzufordern. Ich verliere wieder einmal jede Lust, an der Wikipedia mitzuarbeiten, denn Dein Diskussionsstil ist rechthaberisch und herrisch. Die Änderungen, die Du bei den [[Schauspielproduktionen der Salzburger Festspiele]] vorgenommen hast, entsprechen einfach nicht der historischen Wahrheit. Aber wie gesagt: keine Lust mehr, dies gegen Deine Borniertheit ankämpfen müssend zu korrigieren .... Vielleicht wäre es besser, wenn Du Dir ein Tätigkeitsfeld suchst, in dem Du kompetent bist ... --[[Benutzer:Meister und Margarita|Meister und Margarita]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Meister und Margarita|Diskussion]]) 18:00, 4. Sep. 2013 (CEST) Auch beschuldigst Du Benutzerin [[Benutzer:Abadonna|Abadonna]] ungerechtfertigt, aber das ist wiederum eine andere Sache ...
:Deine Sprache im Artikel erscheint mir mindestens so daneben, wie du meine Sprache empfindest. Grüße --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 18:23, 4. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

== Datei einbinden ==

Hallo, H-stt! Habe gesehen, dass du auf [[Wikipedia:Redaktion Bilder]] meinem Nachfolger geantwortet hast. Daher folgende Frage: Ich würde gerne die Dateien der Seiten [http://linux2.fbi.fh-koeln.de/rdk-smw/Datei:01-0667-2.jpg] und [http://linux2.fbi.fh-koeln.de/rdk-smw/Datei:02-1325-1.jpg] in Wikipedia-Artikel einbetten: (Wie) geht das? Der normale Linkcode [[Datei:01-0667-2.jpg|01-0667-2.jpg]] funktioniert (auch mit "|thumb|") nicht. Bin auf dem Gebiet Vollblutlaie - daher sorry für die Behelligung. Gruß und Dank,--[[Benutzer:Der Spion|Der Spion]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Der Spion|Diskussion]]) 22:38, 4. Sep. 2013 (CEST)
:Dort erledigt. --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 09:54, 6. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

== [[:Ökologische Linke]] ==

Hallo H-stt!

Die von dir stark überarbeitete Seite [[:Ökologische Linke]] wurde zum Löschen vorgeschlagen, bitte lies dazu die [[Wikipedia:Löschregeln|Löschregeln]]. Möglicherweise mangelt es der Seite an [[Wikipedia:Artikel#Mindestanforderungen|Qualität]] und/oder vielleicht ist – im Falle eines Artikels – die [[Wikipedia:Relevanzkriterien|enzyklopädische Relevanz]] nicht eindeutig im Artikel erkennbar oder es gibt andere Löschgründe. Ob die Seite tatsächlich gelöscht wird, wird sich im Laufe der [[Wikipedia:Löschkandidaten/5. September 2013#Ökologische Linke|Löschdiskussion]] entscheiden, wo du den Löschantrag mit den konkreten Löschgründen findest. Bedenke bei der argument- und nicht abstimmungsorientierten Diskussion bitte, [[Wikipedia:Was Wikipedia nicht ist|was Wikipedia nicht ist]]. Um die Relevanz besser erkennen zu lassen und die Mindestqualität zu sichern, sollte primär [//de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96kologische_Linke&action=edit die zur Löschung vorgeschlagene Seite weiter verbessert werden]. Das wiegt als Argument deutlich schwerer als ein ähnlich aufwändiger Beitrag in der Löschdiskussion.

Du hast gewiss einiges an Arbeit hineingesteckt und fühlst dich vielleicht vor den Kopf gestoßen, weil dein Werk als Bereicherung dieser Enzyklopädie gedacht ist. Sicherlich soll aber mit dem Löschantrag aus anderer Sichtweise ebenfalls der Wikipedia geholfen werden. Bitte antworte nicht hier, sondern beteilige dich ggf. an der Löschdiskussion. Grüße, [[Benutzer:Xqbot|Xqbot]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Xqbot|Diskussion]]) 00:31, 5. Sep. 2013 (CEST) (Diese Nachricht wurde automatisch durch einen [[WP:Bot|Bot]] erstellt. Falls du zukünftig von diesem Bot nicht mehr über Löschanträge informiert werden möchtest, so trage dich [[Benutzer:Xqbot/Opt-out:LD-Hinweis|hier]] ein.)

:Huch, was hab ich mit dem Artikel zu tun? Naja, ist aber jedenfalls erledigt. --[[Benutzer:H-stt|h-stt]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:H-stt|!?]] 09:53, 6. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

== Du wurdest auf der Seite [[Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung#Benutzer:H-stt|Vandalismusmeldung]] gemeldet (18:57, 6. Sep. 2013 (CEST)) ==
Hallo H-stt, Du wurdest auf der o. g. Seite gemeldet. Weitere Details kannst du dem '''[[Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung#Benutzer:H-stt|dortigen Abschnitt entnehmen]]'''. Wenn die Meldung erledigt ist, wird sie voraussichtlich [[Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung/Archiv/2013/09/06#Benutzer:H-stt|hier]] archiviert werden. 
Wenn du zukünftig nicht mehr von diesem Bot informiert werden möchtest, trage dich [[Benutzer:Euku/Opt-out: VM-Nachrichtenempfänger|hier]] ein. – [[Benutzer:SpBot|SpBot]] 18:57, 6. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

== Du wurdest auf der Seite [[Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung#Benutzer:H-stt|Vandalismusmeldung]] gemeldet (18:57, 6. Sep. 2013 (CEST)) ==
Hallo H-stt, Du wurdest auf der o. g. Seite gemeldet. Weitere Details kannst du dem '''[[Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung#Benutzer:H-stt|dortigen Abschnitt entnehmen]]'''. Wenn die Meldung erledigt ist, wird sie voraussichtlich [[Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung/Archiv/2013/09/06#Benutzer:H-stt|hier]] archiviert werden. 
Wenn du zukünftig nicht mehr von diesem Bot informiert werden möchtest, trage dich [[Benutzer:Euku/Opt-out: VM-Nachrichtenempfänger|hier]] ein. – [[Benutzer:SpBot|SpBot]] 18:57, 6. Sep. 2013 (CEST)
== [[Wikipedia:Augsburg|29. Wikipedia-Treffen Augsburg am 19. September 2013]] ==

<div style="border:5px solid #00CD00; padding:10px; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:17px;">
'''Einladung'''
<div style="font-size:13px;">

Liebe Wikipedianerin, lieber Wikipedianer aus Augsburg und Umgebung,

Ihr erhaltet diese Einladung auf Eurer Diskussionsseite, weil Ihr entweder für ein Treffen Interesse bekundet habt und/oder in der [[:Kategorie:Benutzer:aus Augsburg]] oder [[:Kategorie:Benutzer:aus dem Landkreis Augsburg]] gelistet seid.

Ihr seid alle herzlich zum nächsten Augsburg-Treffen am Donnerstag, den 19. September 2013 um 19:00 Uhr in den Biergarten der Waldgaststätte Jägerhaus im Siebentischwald, Ochsenbachweg 16, Augsburg, eingeladen. Es soll ein lockerer Treff zum Reden, Fachsimpeln, Austauschen usw. werden.

Wenn Ihr mit dabei sein wollt, sagt bitte auf [[Wikipedia:Augsburg]] zu, damit eine Reservierung vorgenommen werden kann, so es dort möglich sein sollte.

Mit freundlichem Gruß aus Augsburg, -- [[Benutzer:Doc Taxon|Doc Taxon]] [[Spezial:E-Mail/Doc Taxon|@]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Doc Taxon|Discussion]] 14:52, 7. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

</div>
</div>
Diese Einladung wurde durch den [[Benutzer:GiftBot|GiftBot]] verteilt. Möchtest Du diese Nachricht nicht mehr erhalten, trage Dich bitte in die Blacklist der [[Wikipedia:Augsburg/Einladungsliste|Einladungsliste Treffen Wikipedia:Augsburg]] ein.

== Reply at mediawiki ==

Hi. Just in case you don't visit mediawiki.org very often, and hence don't see the update (fragmented interwiki discussions is one of the problems that Flow aims to (eventually) solve!), there's been a reply to your comments at [[mw:Talk:Flow Portal/MVP#Please react to the discussion on en-WP]]. Hope that helps. [[Benutzer:Quiddity|Quiddity]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Quiddity|Diskussion]]) 22:53, 9. Sep. 2013 (CEST)

Bone Palace Ballet

2013-08-07T18:42:30Z

Quiddity: Reverted edits by 71.170.199.198 (talk) to last version by Tbhotch

{{Refimprove|date=April 2010}}
{{Infobox album| 
| Name = Bone Palace Ballet
| Type = album
| Artist = [[Chiodos]]
| Cover = Bpb.jpg
| Released = September 4, 2007 (reissued October 28, 2008)
| Recorded = 2007, at Saint Claire Recording Company, [[Lexington, Kentucky]]
| Genre = [[Emo]], [[post-hardcore]], [[Neoclassicism (music)|neo-classical]]
| Length = 38:31 (Re-issue: 54:56)
| Label = [[Equal Vision]] (US) [[Warner Bros. Records]](UK)
| Producer = [[Casey Bates]]
| Last album = ''[[All's Well That Ends Well (Chiodos album)|All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (2005)
| This album = '''''Bone Palace Ballet''''' (2007)
| Next album = ''[[Illuminaudio]]'' (2010)
| Misc = {{Extra album cover
| Upper caption = 2008 reissue cover
| Type = Studio album
| Cover = Bpb grand coda.jpg
| Lower caption = Re-release Cover
}}
}}
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = [[Absolutepunk.net]]
| rev1Score = (81%) <ref>[http://absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?p=7506514 link]</ref>
| rev2 = [[Alternative Press]]
| rev2Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}
| rev3 = Mammothpress.com
| rev3Score = {{Rating|7|10}} <ref>[http://mammothpress.com/index.php?area=readreview&pid=1193 link]</ref>
| rev4 = [[Kerrang!]]
| rev4Score = {{Rating|4|5}}
| rev5 = [[NME]]
| rev5Score = {{Rating|7|10}} <ref>(10/27/2007, p.42)</ref>
| rev6 = Rocklouder
| rev6Score = {{Rating|3|5}}
| rev7 = Tuned Magazine
| rev7Score = {{Rating|4|5}}
| rev8 = [[Sputnikmusic]]
| rev8Score = {{Rating|2.5|5}}
}}
'''''Bone Palace Ballet''''' is the second album by American [[post-hardcore]] band [[Chiodos]], released on September 4, 2007. The album takes its name from a literary work of Charles Bukowski. It was their last album with vocalist Craig Owens and drummer Derrick Frost, until they both rejoined the band in 2012.

Following the album's release, it entered the U.S. [[Billboard 200]] chart at number 5 and the ''Top Independent Albums'' at number 1, selling over 39,000 copies in its first week. By January 2009, the album had sold more than 200,000 copies in the United States alone.<ref>[http://www.ilikemusic.com/rock/Chiodos_Bone_Palace_Ballet_UK_Feb_Tour_Dates-6265 Ilikemusic.com]</ref>

On September 4, 2007, Equal Vision Records released an opaque orange vinyl pressing of the album which included the full album on compact disc. It was limited to 2,000 copies.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.equalvision.com/releases/show/143 |title=Bone Palace Ballet - Chiodos : Equal Vision Records |publisher=Equalvision.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-17}}</ref>

[[Warner Bros. Records]] released ''Bone Palace Ballet: Grand Coda'' on January 26, 2009, as part of a new distribution deal in the [[UK]].<ref>[http://www.ilikemusic.com/rock/Chiodos_Bone_Palace_Ballet_UK_Feb_Tour_Dates-6265 ilikemusic.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.komodorock.com/new-release-news/cd-releases/chiodos-announce-uk-release-for-bone-palace-bullet-and-february-tour-dates-2009012311173/ komodorock.com]</ref><ref>[http://musicremedy.com/c/Chiodos/album/Bone_Palace_Ballet_Grand_Coda-5872.html musicremedy.com]</ref><ref>[{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=chiodos|chart=all}} Billboard.com]</ref>

==Track listing==
{{track list
| title1 = Is It Progression If a Cannibal Uses a Fork?
| length1 = 3:26
| note1 = featuring Jase Korman of [[The Number Twelve Looks Like You]]
| title2 = Lexington (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)
| length2 = 5:22
| title3 = Bulls Make Money, Bears Make Money, Pigs Get Slaughtered
| length3 = 3:28
| note3 = featuring [[Nick Martin (musician)|Nick Martin]] of [[Underminded]] and Jase Korman of The Number Twelve Looks Like You
| title4 = A Letter from Janelle
| length4 = 3:16
| title5 = I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard
| length5 = 4:13
| title6 = Teeth the Size of Piano Keys
| length6 = 3:23
| title7 = Life Is a Perception of Your Own Reality
| length7 = 3:46
| title8 = If I Cut My Hair, Hawaii Will Sink
| length8 = 2:23
| title9 = Intensity in Ten Cities
| length9 = 4:34
| title10 = The Undertaker's Thirst for Revenge Is Unquenchable (The Final Battle)
| length10 = 4:43
| note10 = featuring Nick Martin of Underminded
|total_length = 38:31
}}

{{track list
| headline = Reissue: Bone Palace Ballet: Grand Coda
| title1 = Two Birds Stoned at Once
| length1 = 2:52
| title2 = Is It Progression If a Cannibal Uses a Fork?
| length2 = 3:26
| note2 = featuring Jase Korman of [[The Number Twelve Looks Like You]]
| title3 = Lexington (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)
| length3 = 5:22
| title4 = Bulls Make Money, Bears Make Money, Pigs Get Slaughtered
| length4 = 3:28
| note4 = featuring [[Nick Martin (musician)|Nick Martin]] of [[Underminded]] and Jase Korman of The Number Twelve Looks Like You
| title5 = A Letter from Janelle
| length5 = 3:16
| title6 = I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard
| length6 = 4:13
| title7 = ...And Then the Liver Screamed "Help!"
| length7 = 2:43
| title8 = We Swam from Albatross, the Day We Lost Kailey Cost
| length8 = 4:30
| title9 = Life Is a Perception of Your Own Reality
| length9 = 3:46
| title10 = If I Cut My Hair, Hawaii Will Sink
| length10 = 2:23
| title11 = Smitten for the Mitten
| length11 = 3:14
| title12 = Intensity in Ten Cities
| length12 = 4:34
| title13 = The Undertaker's Thirst for Revenge Is Unquenchable (The Final Battle)
| length13 = 4:13
| note13 = featuring Nick Martin of Underminded
| title14 = I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard" (Acoustic)
| length14 = 3:17
| title15 = A Letter from Janelle" (Acoustic)
| length15 = 3:38
|total_length = 54:56
}}

=== Additional information ===
It is unclear why the track "Teeth the Size of Piano Keys" is missing from the reissue. The number of bonus tracks is six, despite the given number of seven new tracks. In the DVD section of this reissue, there is an appearance by the [[Trailer Park Boys]] at the Chiodos Madison Square Garden performance, and footage of them shown backstage with the band. There are also live clips of the band at various shows, with the songs "A Letter from Janelle" and "Lexington. (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)" played over the performances. Also on the reissue the spoken words at the end of "The Undertakers Thirst for Revenge Is Unquenchable (The Final Battle)" are missing for no apparent reason.

==Title origins==
*"Is It Progression If a Cannibal Uses a Fork?" is a misquote of [[Stanisław Jerzy Lec]] ("Is it progress if a cannibal uses knife and fork?")
*"Lexington. (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)" is a combination of the name of Pat McManaman's first dog and Lexington, Kentucky, where the song was recorded.<ref name="theywillrockyou.com">[http://www.theywillrockyou.com/interviews/index.php/interviews/derrick_frost_pat_mcmanaman_of_chiodos Interview of Derrick Frost & Pat McManaman of Chiodos]</ref>
*"Bulls Make Money, Bears Make Money, Pigs Get Slaughtered" is phrase commonly said by ''[[Mad Money]]'' host [[Jim Cramer]].
*"A Letter From Janelle" is a letter that was sent to Craig Owens by a friend, Nicole Rork. The lyrics are of the pieces that Craig feels comfortable sharing, as the letter, which he reviews in times of distress, still means a great deal to him.
*The title "I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard" was said by Chiodos' guitar technician while he was high.<ref name="theywillrockyou.com"/>
*The title "Teeth the Size of Piano Keys" is taken from ''[[Slaughterhouse 5]]'' by [[Kurt Vonnegut]].
* The title "If I Cut My Hair, Hawaii Will Sink" was named when Matt Goddard drunkenly spoke the words to the other band members.
*The title "Intensity in Ten Cities" is a quote from [[Mike Myers (actor)|Mike Myers]]' character Wayne Campbell in the movie ''[[Wayne's World (film)|Wayne's World]]'', alluding to the [[Intensities in 10 Cities|live album]] by [[Ted Nugent]].
*The song "The Undertaker's Thirst for Revenge is Unquenchable. (The Final Battle)" pays homage to how the band used to watch wrestling when they were young.<ref>[http://www.thealternativestar.com/chiodos.htm The Alternative Star - Derrick Frost Interview]</ref>
*The title "Two Birds Stoned at Once" comes from an episode of [[Trailer Park Boys]], where Ricky mistakenly says it rather than "two birds with one stone."

==Personnel==
;Chiodos
* [[Craig Owens (vocalist)|Craig Owens]] - [[Lead vocalist|lead vocals]]
* [[Bradley Bell (musician)|Bradley Bell]] - [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[piano]], [[synthesizer]]s, [[Programming (music)|programming]]
* Jason Hale - [[lead guitar]]
* Pat McManaman - [[rhythm guitar]]
* Matt Goddard - [[bass guitar]]
* Derrick Frost - [[Drummer|drums]]

;Production
*[[Sound recording and reproduction|Produced]] by [[Casey Bates]]
*Engineered by Casey Bates, Tim Price, Bryan Beeler, Dan Korneff and [[David Bendeth]]
*[[Audio mixing (recorded music)|Mixed]] by [[David Bendeth]]
*[[Audio mastering|Mastered]] by Casey Bates and Ue Nastasi, at Sterling Sound, New York City
*Art direction and layout design by Paul A. Romano (workhardened.com)

;Additional musicians
*Additional vocals by [[Nick Martin (musician)|Nicholas Anthony Martin]] (3, 10) and Jesse Korman (1, 3)
*Violin by Victoria Parker
*Cello, Trumpet and trombone and orchestral arrangements by Phillip A. Peterson
*French horn by Jacob Hoffman

==Charts==
'''Album'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Chart
!Position
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2007
|U.S. [[Billboard Top 200]]
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|-
|[[Independent Albums]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Top Internet Albums
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|-
|[[Top Rock Albums]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Top Alternative Albums
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chiodos}}

[[Category:Chiodos albums]]
[[Category:2007 albums]]
[[Category:Equal Vision Records albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Casey Bates]]

Schiffskatze

2013-05-25T07:55:40Z

Quiddity: /* Fictional ship's cats */ move new entry to bottom, and add the few details i could find

{{Refimprove|date=August 2010}}
[[File:Blackie and Churchill.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] encounters a ship's cat. He restrains Blackie, the [[mascot]] of [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']], from joining the [[USS McDougal (DD-358)]], an American destroyer, while the ship's company stand to attention during the playing of the National Anthem.]]
[[File:A cat on HMAS Encounter.jpg|thumb|350px|Ship's cat on {{HMAS|Encounter|1902|6}} during [[World War I]].]]
The '''ship's [[cat]]''' has been a common sight on many trading, exploration, and naval ships, and is a [[phenomenon]] that goes back to ancient times. Cats have been carried on ships for a number of reasons, the most important being to catch [[mouse|mice]] and [[rat]]s. These rodents, when aboard, could cause considerable damage to ropes and woodwork. More serious was the threat rodents posed to the stores the ship carried. Not only could they devour the foodstuff carried to feed the crew, they could cause economic damage if the ship was carrying grain or similar substances as part of its cargo. Rats and mice were also sources of disease, an important consideration for ships which could be at sea for long periods of time. Cats naturally attack and kill these rodents.<ref name = "bruzelius">
{{Cite web
| last = Bruzelius
| first = Lars
| title = Sailing Ships
| work = Stevens:"Vermin", 1894
| publisher = The Maritime History Virtual Archives
| year = 2005
| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Seamanship/Stevens%281894%29_S1156.html
| doi =
| accessdate = April 20, 2010}}
</ref>

Cats have a high ability to adapt to new surroundings, and were therefore highly suitable for service on a ship. They also offered companionship and a sense of home, security and camaraderie to sailors who could be away from home for long periods, especially in times of war.

==Early history==
The domestication of cats is believed to date back some 9,500 years, and the practice of taking cats aboard boats and ships began not long afterwards. The [[Ancient Egypt]]ians took cats on board [[Nile]] boats to catch birds in the thickets along the riverbanks.<ref>[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html Simon of HMS Amethyst]</ref> Cats were also carried on trading ships to control rodents, and that concept was adopted by traders from other nations. This led to the spread of cats throughout the world, with the species eventually reaching nearly all parts of the world accessible by ship. Over the centuries their offspring developed into different breeds according to the climate in which they found themselves and the mates they took, as well as the deliberate selection by humans. [[Phoenicia]]n cargo ships are thought to have brought the first domesticated cats to [[Europe]] in about 900 BC.

==Cats and superstition==
Sometimes [[Cats in Ancient Egypt|worshipped as deities]], cats have long had a reputation as [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]]al animals and numerous [[myths]] and [[superstitions]] sprang up amongst the unusually superstitious seafaring community.<ref>Eyers, Jonathan (2011). ''Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions''. A&C Black, London, UK. ISBN 978-1-4081-3131-2.</ref> They were considered to be intelligent and lucky animals, and a high level of care was directed toward them to keep them happy. Some sailors believed that [[polydactyl cats]] were better at catching pests, possibly connected with the suggestion that extra digits give a polydactyl cat better balance, important when at sea. In some places polydactyl cats became known as "ship's cats".

Cats were believed to have [[miracle|miraculous]] powers that could protect ships from dangerous [[weather]]. Sometimes, fishermen's wives would keep [[black cat]]s at home too, in the hope that they would be able to use their influence to protect their husbands at sea. It was believed to be lucky if a cat approached a sailor on deck, but unlucky if it only came halfway, and then retreated. Another popular belief was that cats could start storms through magic stored in their tails. If a ship's cat fell or was thrown overboard, it was thought that it would summon a terrible storm to sink the ship and that if the ship was able to survive, it would be cursed with nine years of [[bad luck]]. Other beliefs included, if a cat licked its fur against the grain, it meant a [[hailstorm]] was coming; if it sneezed it meant rain; and if it was frisky it meant wind.

Some of these beliefs are rooted in reality. Cats are able to detect slight changes in the weather, as a result of their very sensitive inner ears, which also allow them to land upright when falling. Low [[atmospheric pressure]], a common precursor of stormy weather, often makes cats nervous and restless.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

==Famous ship's cats==
The prevalence of cats on ships has led to them being reported on by a number of famous seafarers. The outbreak of the [[Second World War]], with the spread of mass communication and the active nature of the world's navies, also led to a number of ship's cats becoming [[celebrity|celebrities]] in their own right.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives">[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous ships cats and their lives]</ref>

===Blackie===
Blackie was [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']]'s ship's cat. During the Second World War, he achieved worldwide fame after ''Prince of Wales'' carried [[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] across the Atlantic to [[Naval Station Argentia|NS Argentia]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] in August of 1941, where he secretly met with the [[United States]] [[President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for several days in a secure anchorage. This meeting resulted in the signing of the [[Atlantic Charter]], but as Churchill prepared to step off ''Prince of Wales'', Blackie approached. Churchill stooped to bid farewell to Blackie, and the moment was photographed and reported in the world media. In honour of the success of the visit, Blackie was renamed Churchill.<ref>[http://www.rjerrard.co.uk/royalnavy/rnbooks/rncats.htm Royal Navy cats]</ref>

===Camouflage===
Camouflage was the ship's cat aboard an [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]]. He was known for chasing enemy [[Tracer_ammunition|tracer rounds]] across the deck.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US Coast Guard Mascot page</ref>

===Chibbley===
Chibbley was the ship's cat aboard the [[tall ship]], [[Picton Castle (ship)|''Picton Castle'']]. She was rescued from an animal shelter and [[circumnavigated]] the world five times. The ''Picton Castle''’s role as a training ship resulted in Chibbley being introduced to a large number of visitors, and becoming a celebrity in her own right, receiving her own [[fan mail]].<ref>[http://www.beworldwise.org/ship/ships_cat.php An interview with Chibbley]</ref>
Chibbley died on November 10, 2011, in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. She had sailed over 180,000 miles at sea.

===Convoy===
[[File:Convoy cat.jpg|thumb|right|Convoy sleeps in a hammock aboard HMS ''Hermione'', whilst members of the crew look on]]
Convoy was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Hermione (74)|HMS ''Hermione'']]. He was so named because of the number of times he accompanied the ship on convoy escort duties. Convoy was duly listed in the ship's book and provided with a full kit, including a tiny [[hammock]] where he would sleep. He stood by his ship to the end and was lost along with 87 of his crew mates, when the ''Hermione'' was torpedoed and sunk on 16 June 1942 by [[U-205]].

===Emmy===
Emmy was the ship's cat on the [[RMS Empress of Ireland|RMS ''Empress of Ireland'']]. She was an orange tabby cat who never missed a voyage. However, on May 28, 1914, Emmy tried to escape the ship. The crew could not coax her aboard and the ''Empress'' left without her. She was reportedly last seen on the roof of the shed at Pier 27, watching her ship sail out of Quebec City. Early the next morning the ''Empress'' collided with the [[SS Storstad|SS ''Storstad'']] while steaming through fog at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river and rapidly sank, killing over 1,000 people.

===Felix===
Felix was the ship's cat aboard the ''[[Mayflower II]]'' when it set sail from Devon, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A., in 1957 to symbolize the solidarity between the two countries following World War II. He was given his own life jacket and once suffered a broken paw after a mishap. The paw was set by the ship's doctor. Photos and stories about Felix appeared in ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'', ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', and ''[[Yankee (magazine)|Yankee]]'' magazine after his arrival in the U.S. The cat and the rest of the crew marched in a New York ticker tape parade and toured the East Coast that summer. He was eventually adopted by the cabin boy's girlfriend, Ann Berry, and settled in Waltham, Massachusetts. The current captain of the Mayflower II wrote a children's book about Felix entitled ''Felix and his Mayflower II Adventures''. The book was published during the celebration of the ship's fiftieth anniversary at [[Plimoth Plantation]].<ref>[http://www.plimoth.org/features/mayflower-2/journey/felix.php The Journey of the Mayflower II - Felix]</ref>

===Kiddo===

Kiddo seemed to have stowed away on the [[airship]] [[America (airship)|''America'']], when she left from [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], in an attempt to cross the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in 1910. Kiddo was upset at first by the experience, but settled in and evidently, was better at predicting bad weather than the [[barometer]]. The airship's engines failed, and the small crew and Kiddo abandoned the ''America'' for [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]] when they sighted the [[Royal Mail Ship|Royal Mail steamship]], ''Trent'', near [[Bermuda]]. Kiddo then was retired from being a ship's cat and was taken care of by Edith Wellman Ainsworth, the daughter of the American [[journalist]], [[explorer]], and [[aviator]], [[Walter Wellman]], who made the daring attempt.<ref>{{cite book | last = Janus | first = Allan | title = Animals Aloft: Photographs from the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum | publisher = Bunker Hill Publishing | date = October 15, 2005 | location = | pages = 128 | isbn = 1-59373-048-9 }}</ref>

===Mr Riley===
Ship's cat on [[USS Texas (1892)]] 1898–1899 war.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=H78mAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA912&dq=Rough+Riders+in+Yankee+magazine&hl=en&ei=IlAYTpnmN8uJsAKl5LzCBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=7&sqi=2&ved=0CE0Q6wEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false Munsey's Magazine Vol 20.p.26]</ref>

===Mrs. Chippy===
[[File:Mrschippy.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mrs. Chippy]], a tiger-striped male [[tabby]] ship's cat.]]
{{Main|Mrs. Chippy}}
Mrs. Chippy was the ship's cat aboard [[Endurance (1912 ship)|''Endurance'']], the ship used by Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]] for his [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]. When the ship was lost, having become trapped and eventually crushed in pack ice, Shackleton ordered the sled dogs and Mrs. Chippy shot, as they could not be kept during the arduous journey ahead.

===Nansen===
[[File:Nansen (cat).jpg|thumb|left|130px|Nansen, as drawn by Johan Koren]]
Nansen was the ship's cat on the {{ship|RV|Belgica|1884|2}}, which was used for the [[Belgian Antarctic Expedition]]. He was brought on board by cabin boy Johan Koren, and was named after [[Fridtjof Nansen]]. He died on 22 June 1898,<ref name=Lewis>{{cite book |title=Ship's Cats in War and Peace |last=Lewis |first=Val |year=2002 |publisher=Nauticalia Ltd |location=Shepperton |isbn=0-9530458-1-1|pages=59–60}}</ref> and was buried in the [[Antarctic]].<ref name=Cool>{{cite web|url=http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_belgica.htm |title=Adrien de Gerlache, Belgica Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897 - 1899 |publisher=Cool Antarctica |accessdate=5 October 2010}}</ref>

===Peebles===
[[File:Peebles the cat.jpg|thumb|right|Lieutenant Commander R H Palmer [[OBE]], [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve|RNVR]] plays with Peebles, the ship's cat, who leaps through his clasped arms on board HMS ''Western Isles'', at [[Tobermory, Mull]]]]
Peebles was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Western Isles|HMS ''Western Isles'']]. Another cat who became a favourite of the ship's crew, he was known to be particularly intelligent and would shake the hands of strangers when they entered the [[wardroom]]. Peebles is seen at the right on top of the deck, participating in a game of ''jump through the hoop'' during the Second World War.

===Pooli===
[[File:Pooli (cat).jpg|thumb|'''Pooli''' at 15, on July 4, 1959]]
Pooli served aboard a United States attack transport during the Second World War. A veteran who rates three service ribbons and four battle stars, Pooli shows she can still get into her old uniform (pictured on her fifteenth birthday).
<ref>[http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/dlib/lat/display.cfm?ms=uclalat_1429_b392_117856&searchType=subject&subjectID=216426 Los Angeles Times], July 4, 1959</ref>

===Rinda===
Rinda was the ship's cat on the Norwegian cargo ship {{SS|Rinda}}, which was torpedoed and sunk during World War II. He was rescued, along with the surviving crew by the [[naval trawler]] {{HMT|Pict|FY132|6}} and remained on board HMT ''Pict'', being given the name Rinda after his/her previous ship.<ref name=Rinda>{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/rinda.html |title=D/S Rinda |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=7 February 2012}}</ref>

===Simon===
{{Main|Simon (cat)}}
Simon was the ship's cat of [[HMS Amethyst (F116)|HMS ''Amethyst'']] during the [[Yangtze Incident]] in 1949, and was wounded in the bombardment of the ship which killed 25 of ''Amethyst''’s crew, including the commanding officer. He soon recovered and resumed killing rats and keeping up the crew's morale. He was appointed to the rank of 'Able Seacat' Simon and became a [[celebrity]] after the ship escaped the Yangtze and returned to Britain. He later succumbed to an infection and died shortly after. Tributes poured in and his [[obituary]] appeared in ''[[The Times]]''. He was posthumously awarded the [[Dickin Medal]], the only cat ever to earn the award, and was buried with full naval honours.

===Tarawa===
Tarawa was a kitten rescued from a [[Pillbox (military)|pillbox]] during the [[Battle of Tarawa]] by the [[United States Coast Guard]] and named Tarawa. She was a mascot aboard an [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]], but did not get along with the LST's other mascot, a dog named Kodiak, and jumped ship ashore.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US COast Guard Mascot page</ref>

===Tiddles===
[[File:Tiddles cat.jpg|thumb|right|'''Tiddles''' at his station aboard HMS ''Victorious''. Despite a long tradition, there are no longer ships' cats aboard Royal Navy vessels]]
Tiddles was the ship's cat on a number of [[Royal Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]s. He was born aboard [[HMS Argus (I49)|HMS ''Argus'']], and later joined [[HMS Victorious (R38)|HMS ''Victorious'']]. He was often seen at his favourite station, on the after [[capstan (nautical)|capstan]], where he would play with the bell-rope. He eventually travelled over {{convert|30000|mi|km}} during his time in service.

===Trim===
{{Main|Trim (cat)}}
Trim was the ship's cat on a number of the ships under the command of [[Matthew Flinders]] during voyages to circumnavigate and map the coastline of [[Australia]] during 1801-03. He became a favourite of the crew and was the first cat to circumnavigate Australia. He remained with Flinders until death. A statue to Trim was later erected in his honour, and he has been the subject of a number of works of literature. A statue sits on a window sill on the outside of the State Library, in Sydney, Australia.

Trim's statue behind Matthew Flinders' own in Sydney, Australia. The plaque under it reads:

''TO THE MEMORY OF TRIM''

The best and most illustrious of his race 
The most affectionate of friends, 
faithful of servants, 
and best of creatures. 
He made the tour of the globe, and a voyage to Australia, 
which he circumnavigated, and was ever the 
delight and pleasure of his fellow voyagers... 
''Written by Matthew Flinders in memory of his cat'' 
''Memorial donated by the North Shore Historical Society.''

===U-boat===
U-boat was another ship's cat aboard a Royal Navy vessel in the [[Second World War]], who would take ‘[[shore leave]]’ whenever his ship came into port. He would spend days on shore, usually returning only just before his ship sailed. One day, U-boat failed to return in time for roll call and his ship was forced to sail. As she pulled away from the quay, U-boat was seen running down the dock after the departing ship. He made a death-defying leap onto the ship and succeeded in making it aboard. He was reported to be undaunted by his experience, proceeding to wash himself on deck. The crew members were apparently delighted their good luck charm had returned.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}

===Unsinkable Sam===
{{Main|Unsinkable Sam}}
Previously named Oscar, he was the ship's cat of the [[German battleship Bismarck|German battleship ''Bismarck'']]. When she was sunk on 27 May 1941, only 116 out of a crew of over 2,200 survived. Luckily, Oscar was picked up by the destroyer [[HMS Cossack (F03)|HMS ''Cossack'']]. ''Cossack'' herself was torpedoed and sunk a few months later, on 24 October, killing 159 of her crew, but again, Oscar survived to be rescued, and was taken to [[Gibraltar]]. He became the ship's cat of [[HMS Ark Royal (91)|HMS ''Ark Royal'']] but she too was torpedoed and sunk in November that year. Oscar was again rescued, but it was decided at that time to transfer him to a home on land. By now known as Unsinkable Sam, he was given a new job as mouse-catcher in the Governor General of Gibraltar's office buildings. He eventually returned to the UK and spent the rest of his life at the 'Home for Sailors'. A portrait of him hangs in the [[National Maritime Museum]] in [[Greenwich]].

==Ship's cats today==

The Royal Navy banned cats and other pet animals from all ships on the ocean in 1975 on [[hygiene]] grounds.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives"/>

Cats are still present on many private ships, such as '''Chibbley''' aboard the [[barque]] ''[[Picton Castle (ship)|Picton Castle]]'',<ref>[http://www.picton-castle.com/captains_log/category/chibley/ Chibbley's travels aboard Barque ''Picton Castle'']</ref> and '''Toolbox''' on board ''[[Kalmar Nyckel]]''.

== Fictional ship's cats ==

There are three books with the title "[[The Ship's Cat]]", by [[Jock Brandis]], [[Richard Adams]] and [[James Aldridge]].

In a central episode in [[Jan de Hartog]]'s novel ''[[The Captain (1967 novel)|The Captain]]'', taking place on board a ship engaged in the dangerous [[Murmansk Convoy]]s in the [[Second World War]], a young officer is killed in an effort to save the ship's cat and her playful kittens during a Luftwaffe attack on the ship. This profoundly affects the main protagonist, the ship's captain, and is one of the factors leading to his later becoming a [[conscientious objector]].

A modern, fictional example is that of Jones, from the 1979 film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''. [[Ellen Ripley|Lt. Ripley]] is so attached to a [[tabby cat]] that she makes a specific point of rescuing him from the exploding ''Nostromo''.

In the video game [[Halo (series)|Halo]], there are posters for a missing cat named Jonesey on board the human ships. This is a possible reference to the cat from the science fiction film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''.

Lucifer Sam by Pink Floyd (Syd Barrett) makes reference to Sam being a Ship's Cat

"Below Decks" was a fictitious cat aboard the [[submarine]] [[USS Miami (SSN-755)|USS ''Miami'']]. Shortly after she was commissioned in 1990, one of the ship's radiomen with a penchant for comedic postings placed a "missing cat" poster in the ship's passageway while the ship was underway. The poster described the cat as a black and white cat, about one year old, and answering to the name "Below Decks."

A number of [[science fiction]] writers have transferred the institution of a ship's cat to interstellar spaceships of the far future. One of the earlier examples is [[Cordwainer Smith]]'s short story "The Game of Rat and Dragon".<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29614/29614-h/29614-h.htm] Smith, Cordwainer, "The game of Rat and Dragon" Galaxy Science Fiction, October 1955</ref> For example, in her novel ''The Zero Stone'', [[Andre Norton]] features ship cats which are also telepathic.<ref>http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Stone-Andre-Norton/dp/0441959644</ref> [[David Weber]]'s [[Honorverse]] novels feature 'treecats' that can bond with naval officers and accompany them aboard spaceships, and at least one instance of a ship having a real cat aboard, the cat in question was named Dicey a [[Maine Coon]]. Dicey was owned by the Admirals steward. Joe Haldeman's ''[[Forever War]]'' also features a ship's cat.

Spot, a cat owned by [[Data (Star Trek)|Lt. Commander Data]] in ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', could be considered the ship's cat of the ''[[Enterprise-D]]'', despite not being the only cat aboard the ship.

Cat, from the British sci-fi sitcom ''[[Red Dwarf]]'', is another example. See [[Cat (Red Dwarf)]]. The character has no name other than "The Cat" or simply "Cat". He is the humanoid descendant of a modern domestic cat called Frankenstein who had been Dave Lister's pregnant pet cat. He may be the last remaining member of his species, ''[[Felis sapiens]]''.

The children's book ''[[The Mousehole Cat]]'' by [[Antonia Barber]] tells the story of a cat who owns an old Cornish fisherman who accompanies him on Sea Voyages.

In an episode of [[Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.]], Gomer brings a pregnant cat on board a navy ship while on sea maneuvers.

''Fish Head'' is the eponymous character in a 1954 children's book by [[Jean Fritz]], a cat who is known in a fishing town for stealing fish from the local market. He accidentally ends up aboard a ship in an attempt to flee the angry store clerk. While at sea, he tangles with the captain and struggles to earn his 'sea legs', and in the end, becomes a member of the crew.<ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jean-fritz/fish-head/]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Cats|Nautical}}
*''[[The Ship's Cat]]'' (Novel)
*''[[The Adventures & Brave Deeds Of The Ship's Cat On The Spanish Maine: Together With The Most Lamentable Losse Of The Alcestis & Triumphant Firing Of The Port Of Chagres]]'' (Children's book)
*''Jennie'' (Novel) by [[Paul Gallico]]
*''[[Pittsbon the Sailboat]]'' M Phillip Roth (Author) Julie Bryant (Illustrator) (Children's book)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book
| first = Val | last = Lewis
| title = Ships' Cats in War and Peace
| publisher = Nauticalia
| year = 2001
| isbn = 978-0-9530458-1-5
| postscript = }}
* {{Cite web
| first = Patrick | last = Roberts
| title = Pur-n-Fur: Famous Felines
| url = http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html
| postscript = }}

==External links==
*[http://www.wyrdology.com/cats/at-sea.html Wyrdology - Cats at sea]
*[http://www.moggies.co.uk/html/shipcat.html Ship's cats]
*[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous Naval Cats]

{{Domestic cat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ship's Cat}}
[[Category:Military animals]]
[[Category:Marine occupations]]
[[Category:Maritime history]]
[[Category:Cat mascots]]
[[Category:Individual cats]]
[[Category:Cat types]]

Bone Palace Ballet

2012-09-14T23:16:52Z

Quiddity: uncollapse second list. makes inpage searching bloomin hard

{{Refimprove|date=April 2010}}
{{Infobox album| 
| Name = Bone Palace Ballet
| Type = album
| Artist = [[Chiodos]]
| Cover = Bpb.jpg
| Released = September 4, 2007 (reissued October 28, 2008)
| Recorded = 2007, at Saint Claire Recording Company, [[Lexington, Kentucky]]
| Genre = [[Post-hardcore]], [[Neoclassicism (music)|neo-classical]]
| Length = 38:31 (Re-issue: 54:56)
| Label = [[Equal Vision]] (US) [[Warner Bros. Records]](UK)
| Producer = [[Casey Bates]]
| Last album = ''[[All's Well That Ends Well (Chiodos album)|All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (2005)
| This album = '''''Bone Palace Ballet''''' (2007)
| Next album = ''[[Illuminaudio]]'' (2010)
| Misc = {{Extra album cover
| Upper caption = 2008 reissue cover
| Type = Studio album
| Cover = Bpb grand coda.jpg
| Lower caption = Re-release Cover
}}
}}
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = [[Absolutepunk.net]]
| rev1Score = (81%) <ref>[http://absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?p=7506514 link]</ref>
| rev2 = [[Alternative Press]]
| rev2Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}
| rev3 = Mammothpress.com
| rev3Score = {{Rating|7|10}} <ref>[http://mammothpress.com/index.php?area=readreview&pid=1193 link]</ref>
| rev4 = [[Kerrang!]]
| rev4Score = {{Rating|4|5}}
| rev5 = [[NME]]
| rev5Score = {{Rating|7|10}} <ref>(10/27/2007, p.42)</ref>
| rev6 = Rocklouder
| rev6Score = {{Rating|3|5}}
| rev7 = Tuned Magazine
| rev7Score = {{Rating|4|5}}
| rev8 = [[Sputnikmusic]]
| rev8Score = {{Rating|2.5|5}}
}}
'''''Bone Palace Ballet''''' is the second album by American [[post-hardcore]] band [[Chiodos]], released on September 4, 2007. The album takes its name from a literary work of Charles Bukowski. It is their last album with vocalist Craig Owens and drummer Derrick Frost, until they both rejoined the band in 2012.

Following the album's release, it entered the U.S. [[Billboard 200]] chart at number 5 and the ''Top Independent Albums'' at number 1, selling over 39,000 copies in its first week. By January 2009, the album had sold more than 200,000 copies in the United States alone.<ref>[http://www.ilikemusic.com/rock/Chiodos_Bone_Palace_Ballet_UK_Feb_Tour_Dates-6265 Ilikemusic.com]</ref>

On September 4, 2007, Equal Vision Records released an opaque orange vinyl pressing of the album which included the full album on compact disc. It was limited to 2,000 copies.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.equalvision.com/releases/show/143 |title=Bone Palace Ballet - Chiodos : Equal Vision Records |publisher=Equalvision.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-17}}</ref>

[[Warner Bros. Records]] released ''Bone Palace Ballet: Grand Coda'' on January 26, 2009, as part of a new distribution deal in the [[UK]].<ref>[http://www.ilikemusic.com/rock/Chiodos_Bone_Palace_Ballet_UK_Feb_Tour_Dates-6265 ilikemusic.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.komodorock.com/new-release-news/cd-releases/chiodos-announce-uk-release-for-bone-palace-bullet-and-february-tour-dates-2009012311173/ komodorock.com]</ref><ref>[http://musicremedy.com/c/Chiodos/album/Bone_Palace_Ballet_Grand_Coda-5872.html musicremedy.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/discography/index.jsp?pid=662299&aid=1197802 Billboard.com]</ref>

==Track listing==
{{track list
| title1 = Is It Progression If a Cannibal Uses a Fork?
| length1 = 3:26
| note1 = featuring Jase Korman of [[The Number Twelve Looks Like You]]
| title2 = Lexington (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)
| length2 = 5:22
| title3 = Bulls Make Money, Bears Make Money, Pigs Get Slaughtered
| length3 = 3:28
| note3 = featuring [[Nick Martin (musician)|Nick Martin]] of [[Underminded]] and Jase Korman of The Number Twelve Looks Like You
| title4 = A Letter from Janelle
| length4 = 3:16
| title5 = I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard
| length5 = 4:13
| title6 = Teeth the Size of Piano Keys
| length6 = 3:23
| title7 = Life Is a Perception of Your Own Reality
| length7 = 3:46
| title8 = If I Cut My Hair, Hawaii Will Sink
| length8 = 2:23
| title9 = Intensity in Ten Cities
| length9 = 4:34
| title10 = The Undertaker's Thirst for Revenge Is Unquenchable (The Final Battle)
| length10 = 4:43
| note10 = featuring Nick Martin of Underminded
|total_length = 38:31
}}

{{track list
| headline = Reissue: Bone Palace Ballet: Grand Coda
| title1 = Two Birds Stoned at Once
| length1 = 2:52
| title2 = Is it Progression If a Cannibal Uses a Fork?
| length2 = 3:26
| title3 = Lexington (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)
| length3 = 5:22
| title4 = Bulls Make Money, Bears Make Money, Pigs Get Slaughtered
| length4 = 3:28
| title5 = A Letter from Janelle
| length5 = 3:16
| title6 = I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard
| length6 = 4:13
| title7 = ...and Then the Liver Screamed "Help!"
| length7 = 2:43
| title8 = We Swam from Albatross, the Day We Lost Kailey Cost
| length8 = 4:30
| title9 = Life is a Perception of Your Own Reality
| length9 = 3:46
| title10 = If I Cut My Hair, Hawaii Will Sink
| length10 = 2:23
| title11 = Smitten for the Mitten
| length11 = 3:14
| title12 = Intensity in Ten Cities
| length12 = 4:34
| title13 = The Undertaker's Thirst for Revenge is Unquenchable (The Final Battle)
| length13 = 4:13
| title14 = I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard" (Acoustic)
| length14 = 3:17
| title15 = A Letter from Janelle" (Acoustic)
| length15 = 3:38
|total_length = 54:56
}}

=== Additional information ===
It is unclear why the track "Teeth the Size of Piano Keys" is missing from the reissue. The number of bonus tracks is six, despite the given number of seven new tracks. In the DVD section of this reissue, there is an appearance by the [[Trailer Park Boys]] at the Chiodos Madison Square Garden performance, and footage of them shown backstage with the band. There are also live clips of the band at various shows, with the songs "A Letter from Janelle" and "Lexington. (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)" played over the performances. Also on the reissue the spoken words at the end of "The Undertakers Thirst for Revenge Is Unquenchable (The Final Battle)" are missing for no apparent reason.

==Title origins==
*"Is It Progression If a Cannibal Uses a Fork?" is a misquote of [[Stanisław Jerzy Lec]] ("Is it progress if a cannibal uses knife and fork?")
*"Lexington. (Joey Pea-Pot with a Monkey Face)" is a combination of the name of Pat McManaman's first dog and Lexington, Kentucky, where the song was recorded.<ref name="theywillrockyou.com">[http://www.theywillrockyou.com/interviews/index.php/interviews/derrick_frost_pat_mcmanaman_of_chiodos Interview of Derrick Frost & Pat McManaman of Chiodos]</ref>
*"Bulls Make Money, Bears Make Money, Pigs Get Slaughtered" is phrase commonly said by ''[[Mad Money]]'' host [[Jim Cramer]].
*"A Letter From Janelle" is a letter that was sent to Craig Owens by a friend, Nicole Rork. The lyrics are of the pieces that Craig feels comfortable sharing, as the letter, which he reviews in times of distress, still means a great deal to him.
*The title "I Didn't Say I Was Powerful, I Said I Was a Wizard" was said by Chiodos' guitar technician while he was high.<ref name="theywillrockyou.com"/>
*The title "Teeth the Size of Piano Keys" is taken from ''[[Slaughterhouse 5]]'' by [[Kurt Vonnegut]].
* The title "If I Cut My Hair, Hawaii Will Sink" was named when Matt Goddard drunkenly spoke the words to the other band members.
*The title "Intensity in Ten Cities" is a quote from [[Mike Myers (actor)|Mike Myers]]' character Wayne Campbell in the movie ''[[Wayne's World (film)|Wayne's World]]'', alluding to the [[Intensities in 10 Cities|live album]] by [[Ted Nugent]].
*The song "The Undertaker's Thirst for Revenge is Unquenchable. (The Final Battle)" pays homage to how the band used to watch wrestling when they were young.<ref>[http://www.thealternativestar.com/chiodos.htm The Alternative Star - Derrick Frost Interview]</ref>
*The title "Two Birds Stoned at Once" comes from an episode of [[Trailer Park Boys]], where Ricky mistakenly says it rather than "two birds with one stone."

==Personnel==
;Chiodos
* [[Craig Owens (vocalist)|Craig Owens]] - [[Lead vocalist|lead vocals]]
* [[Bradley Bell (musician)|Bradley Bell]] - [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[piano]], [[synthesizer]]s, [[Programming (music)|programming]]
* Jason Hale - [[lead guitar]]
* Pat McManaman - [[rhythm guitar]]
* Matt Goddard - [[bass guitar]]
* Derrick Frost - [[Drummer|drums]]

;Production
*[[Sound recording and reproduction|Produced]] by [[Casey Bates]]
*Engineered by Casey Bates, Tim Price, Bryan Beeler, Dan Korneff and [[David Bendeth]]
*[[Audio mixing (recorded music)|Mixed]] by [[David Bendeth]]
*[[Audio mastering|Mastered]] by Casey Bates and Ue Nastasi, at Sterling Sound, New York City
*Art direction and layout design by Paul A. Romano (workhardened.com)

;Additional musicians
*Additional vocals by [[Nick Martin (musician)|Nicholas Anthony Martin]] (3, 10) and Jesse Korman (1, 3)
*Violin by Victoria Parker
*Cello, Trumpet and trombone and orchestral arrangements by Phillip A. Peterson
*French horn by Jacob Hoffman

==Charts==
'''Album'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Chart
!Position
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2007
|U.S. [[Billboard Top 200]]
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|-
|[[Independent Albums]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Top Internet Albums
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|-
|[[Top Rock Albums]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Top Alternative Albums
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chiodos}}

[[Category:Chiodos albums]]
[[Category:2007 albums]]
[[Category:Equal Vision Records albums]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Casey Bates]]

[[it:Bone Palace Ballet]]
[[pt:Bone Palace Ballet]]

Cragside

2012-09-02T02:30:35Z

Quiddity: Reverted edits by 86.165.206.124 (talk) to last version by Bbb2007

{{Infobox UK property
|property_name = Cragside
|image_name = Cragside2.JPG
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Cragside, Northumberland
|type = Country House
|NT/EH/RHS = NT
|managed =
|area = {{convert|400|ha|sqmi|2}}
|main = Victorian country house
|other = Gardens
|public_access = Yes
|museum = Yes
|exhibition = Yes
|country = [[England]]
|region = [[North East England|North East]]
|gridsquare = NU0702
|address = Rothbury, Morpeth, Northumberland
|postcode = [[NE postcode area|NE65 7PX]]
|refreshments = Yes
|parking = Yes
|shop = Yes
|website =
|co_ord ={{coord|55|18|49|N|1|53|08|W|display=inline,title|region:GB_type:landmark}}
}}
'''Cragside''' is a [[country house]] in the [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] of [[Cartington]] in [[Northumberland]], [[England]]. It was the first house in the world to be lit using [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] power. Built into a rocky hillside above a 4 km² forest garden, it was the country home of [[William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong|Lord Armstrong]] and has been in the care of the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] since 1977.

Cragside, named after ''Cragend Hill'' above the house, was built in 1863 as a modest two-storey country lodge, but was subsequently extended to designs by [[Norman Shaw]], transforming it into an elaborate mansion in the [[tudorbethan|Free Tudor]] style. At one point, the building included an astronomical [[observatory]] and a scientific laboratory.
[[Image:Cragside1.jpg|Cragside|thumb|left]]
==Electricity==
In 1868, a [[hydraulic]] engine was installed, with water being used to power labour-saving machines such as laundry equipment, a [[rotisserie]] and a hydraulic [[elevator|lift]]. In 1870, water from one of the estate's lakes was used to drive a [[Siemens AG|Siemens]] [[dynamo]] in what was the world's first hydroelectric [[power station]]. The resultant electricity was used to power an [[arc lamp]] installed in the Gallery in 1878. The arc lamp was replaced in 1880 by [[Joseph Swan]]'s [[incandescent lamp]]s in what Swan considered 'the first proper installation' of electric lighting.

The generators, which also provided power for the farm buildings on the estate, were constantly extended and improved to match the increasing electrical demand in the house.

The Grade I [[Listed building|listed]]<ref>{{IoE|236348|- Grade I}}</ref> house is surrounded by one of [[Europe]]'s largest [[rock garden]]s, a large number of [[rhododendron]]s and a large collection of mostly [[conifer]]ous [[tree]]s.

The documentary series ''Abroad Again in Britain'' by [[Jonathan Meades]] focused on Cragside in episode 2 (2005).

In 2007, Cragside reopened after undergoing "total refurbishment."<ref name="Restored: the world's first hydroelectric house">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/apr/01/energy.theobserversuknewspages|title=Restored: the world's first hydroelectric house|accessdate=2010-07-17|publisher=guardian.co.uk|author=Vanessa Thorpe | location=London | date=2007-03-31}}</ref>

Cragside was featured during the 21 August 2011 episode of [[BBC One]]'s ''Britain's Hidden Heritage'' programme.<ref name="BBC One - Britain's Hidden Heritage, Cragside House">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b013yt6z|title=BBC One - Britain's Hidden Heritage, Cragside House|publisher=bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{River Coquet settlements}}
*[http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/cragside/ Cragside Gardens & Estate information at the National Trust]
*[http://www.ejr.ndo.co.uk/crag.html Cragside History and Pictures]

{{Electricity generation in North East England}}

[[Category:Gardens in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Country houses in Northumberland]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Tudor Revival architecture in England]]
[[Category:Grade I listed houses]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Science museums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Technology museums in the United Kingdom]]

Wikidata

2012-07-26T21:23:42Z

Quiddity: fix whitespace

{{Infobox Website
| name = Wikidata
| logo = [[File:Wikidata-logo-morse-code.svg|150px|Wikidata logo]]
| screenshot =
| caption = the free wiki-like database
| url = [http://www.wikidata.org/ www.wikidata.org]
| commercial = No
| location =
| type =
| language = Multilingual
| registration =
| owner =
| author = Wikimedia community
| slogan =
| alexa =
| launch date =
}}

'''Wikidata''' is a proposed project to provide a collaboratively edited database to support [[Wikipedia]]. The project is being started by [[Wikimedia Deutschland]] and is intended to provide a common source of certain data types, for example, birth dates, a class of validated data, which can be used in all other articles on Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Data Revolution for Wikipedia |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/data-revolution-for-wikipedia-2012-03-30 |work=[[MarketWatch]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 10, 2012}}</ref> It will be the first new project of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] since 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |first=Matthew |last=Roth |url=http://blog.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 10, 2012}}</ref>

The creation of the project was funded by donations from the [[Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence]], the [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], and [[Google, Inc.]], totaling [[Euro|€]]1.3 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paul Allen Invests In A Massive Project To Make Wikipedia Better |first=Boonsri |last=Dickinson |url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-03-30/tech/31259697_1_wikimedia-foundation-wikipedia-project |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wikipedia’s Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others |first=Sarah |last=Perez |url=http://techcrunch.com/2012/03/30/wikipedias-next-big-thing-wikidata-a-machine-readable-user-editable-database-funded-by-google-paul-allen-and-others/ |newspaper=[[TechCrunch]] |date=March 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 10, 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikidata}}

{{Wikimedia Foundation}}

[[Category:Wikimedia projects]]
[[Category:2013 introductions]]
[[Category:Databases]]

{{internet-stub}}

[[es:Wikidata]]
[[fa:ویکی‌داده]]
[[fr:Wikidata]]
[[ko:위키데이터]]
[[it:Wikidata]]
[[vi:Wikidata]]
[[zh:维基数据]]

Wikipedia:Logo

2010-11-12T18:37:17Z

Quiddity: copy 2 paragraphs from Wikipedia:Wikipedia logos, to replace the confusing paragraph about the redesign

{{cleanup-afd|Wikipedia Globe Logo|date=May 2010}}
{{original research|date=May 2010}}
[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|right|thumb|200px|Wikipedia's current logo]]

The '''[[logo]]''' of '''[[Wikipedia]]''', an [[Internet]]-based multilingual [[encyclopedia]], is an unfinished globe constructed from [[jigsaw]] pieces – some pieces are still missing at the top – inscribed with [[glyph]]s from many different [[writing system]]s. As displayed on the web pages of the English-language version of Wikipedia, there is a wordmark WikipediA under the globe, and below that the text "The Free Encyclopedia", in the free [[open source|open-source]] [[Linux Libertine]] font.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2010/05/12/126789933/new-globe-new-user-interface-for-wikipedia |title=New Globe, User Interface For Wikipedia |author=Oma L. Gallaga |publisher=NPR |date=May 23, 2010}}</ref>

== Design ==

Each piece bears a glyph ([[letter]] or [[character (symbol)|character]]), symbolizing the multilingualism of Wikipedia. They include the letter [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic letter]] [[I (Cyrillic)|И]] ("I"), the [[Greek alphabet|Greek letter]] [[Omega|Ω]] (Omega), the [[Chinese character]] [[:wikt:維|維]] (Wéi), and at the bottom the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] ''kagunita'' {{lang|kn|ವಿ}} (Vi) and the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]] (and also [[Yiddish]]) letter [[ו]] (Vav). As for the [[Latin alphabet|Latin letter]] "W", these glyphs are mostly the first glyph of the name "Wikipedia" as rendered in various languages (for example, [[:zh-classical:維基大典|維基大典]] in [[Classical Chinese]]).

== History ==

[[File:Wikipedia_Logo_1.0.png|150px|right|thumb|Wikipedia's former logo]]

An initial design of the logo was created by Paul Stansifer, a 21 year old Wikipedia user, whose entry won a [[design competition]] run by the site in 2003. It was then improved by David Friedland, then a student and now a Microsoft developer. He changed the styling of the jigsaw pieces so that their boundaries seemed indented and simplified their contents to be a single glyph, rather than a word.<ref name="NYT-20070625">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/25/technology/25wikipedia.html?fta=y |title=Some Errors Defy Fixes: A Typo in Wikipedia’s Logo Fractures the Sanskrit |author=Noam Cohen |date=June 25, 2007 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> In the process, some errors were introduced, which can be traced to the incorrect handling by some [[web browser]]s of ligatures in certain writing systems.<ref name="NYT-20070625"/>

In late 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation undertook to fix some errors that had been noted in the design of the puzzle globe. In particular, it did not scale well and some letters appeared distorted.<ref>[http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/around_the_world_in_51_characters.php "brand new" about new logo]</ref> For the new logo, the Wikimedia Foundation defined which characters appear on the "hidden" puzzle pieces, and had a three-dimensional computer model of the globe created to allow the generation of other views.<ref>[http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/05/13/wikipedia-in-3d/ Wikimedia blog - Wikipedia in 3d]</ref>

The new logo was unveiled in May 2010. It features the new 3D rendering of the puzzle globe, with corrected characters (and the [[Klingon language|Klingon]] character replaced by a [[Ge'ez script|Geʿez]] character). The [[wordmark]] has been modified from the [[Hoefler Text]] font to the open-source [[Linux Libertine]] font, and the subtitle is no longer italicized.

== Trade Mark Registration ==

The (former) logo was registered as a European [[Community Trade Mark]] by Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. The trade mark bears a filing date of 31 January 2008 and a registration date of 20 January 2009.<ref>http://www.ipo.gov.uk/ohim?ohimnum=E6671838</ref>.

==Similar logos or images used by others==

The [[UK Intellectual Property Office]] uses a similar logo, featuring a spherical jigsaw device with a piece missing, for its online trade mark search facility.<ref>http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/tm/t-os.htm</ref>

==See also==

*[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia logos]]

== References ==

{{refs}}

== External links ==

* [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/ Wikimedia Blog: Wikipedia in 3D] Describes the new puzzle globe logo
* [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/a-new-look-for-wikipedia/ Wikimedia Blog: A new look for Wikipedia]

{{internet-stub}}

[[Category:Wikipedia]]

Greeble (Psychologie)

2010-11-10T20:20:36Z

Quiddity: update deadlink, rm linebreaks

{{For|detailing added to break up a surface|Greeble}}

'''The Greebles''' refers to a category of novel objects used as stimuli in psychological studies of object and face recognition, created by Scott Yu at Yale University. They were named by the psychologist [[Robert Abelson]]. The greebles were created so as to share constraints with faces: they have a small number of parts in a common configuration. This makes it difficult to distinguish any individual object on the basis of the presence of a feature, and this is thought to encourage the use of all features and the relationships between them. In other words, greebles, just like faces, can be processed configurally. Yu's originals (both the symmetrical and asymmetrical sets) can be obtained from Michael Tarr.<ref>[http://stims.cnbc.cmu.edu/Image%20Databases/TarrLab/Novel%20Objects/ Greebles — TarrLab]</ref> Greebles appear in over 25 scientific articles.

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*Gauthier, I., & Tarr, M. J. (1997). "Becoming a "Greeble" expert: Exploring mechanisms for face recognition". Vision Research, 37(12), 1673-1682.
*Williams, P., Gauthier, I., & Tarr, M. J. (1998). "Feature learning during the acquisition of perceptual expertise" [Commentary on Schyns, Goldstone & Thibault. The development of features in object concepts]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(1), 40-41.
*Gauthier, I., Williams, P., Tarr, M. J., & Tanaka, J. (1998). "Training "Greeble" experts: A framework for studying expert object recognition processes". Vision Research, Special issue on "Models of Recognition", 38: 2401-2428.
*Abelson, RP, Dasgupta, N, Park, J. Banaji, MR. (1998). "Perceptions of the collective other". Pers Soc Psycholo Rev, 45(10): 1213-23.
*Gauthier, I., Tarr, M.J., Anderson A.W., Skudlarski, P. & Gore, J. C. (1999). "Activation of the middle fusiform "face area" increases with expertise in recognizing novel objects". Nature Neuroscience, 2(6): 568-573.
*Tarr, M. J., & Gauthier, I. (2000). "FFA: A flexible fusiform area for subordinate-level visual processing automatized by expertise". Nature Neuroscience, 3(8): 764-769.
*Rossion, B., Gauthier, I. , Tarr, M.J., Despland, P. , Bruyer, R, Linotte, S., Crommelinck, M. (2000). "The N170 occipito-temporal component is delayed and enhanced to inverted faces but not to inverted objects: an electrophysiological account of face-specific processes in the human brain". NeuroReport.11(1): 69-74.
*Rossion, B., Gauthier, I, Goffaux, V., Tarr, M.J., Crommelinck, M. (2002). "Expertise training with novel objects leads to left lateralized face-like electrophysiological responses". Psychological Science. 13(3): 250-257.
*Gauthier, I., & Tarr., M. J. (2002). "Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging Brain Activity and Behavior", JEP:HPP, 28(2): 431-446.
*James, T. W. & Gauthier, I. (2003). "Auditory and action semantic feature types activate sensory-specific perceptual brain regions". Current Biology, 13(20): 1792-6.
*Duchaine, B. C., Dingle, K., Butterworth, E. Nakayama, K. (2004). "Normal greeble learning in a severe case of developmental prosopagnosia". Neuron, 43(4): 469-73.
*Palmeri, T. J., Gauthier, I. (2004). "Visual Object Understanding". Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 291-303.
*Gauthier, I., Behrmann, M. & Tarr, M. J. (2004). "Are Greebles like faces? Using the neuropsychological exception to test the rule". Neuropsychologia, 42(14): 1961-70.
*Rossion, B., Kung, C.C., Tarr, M. J. (2004). "Visual expertise with nonfacects leads to competition with the early perceptual processing of faces inteh human occipitotemporal cortex", PNAS, 42(14): 1961-70.
*Behrmann, M., Marrota, J., Gauthier, I., Tarr, M.J. & McKeef, T. J. (2005). "Behavioral change and its neural correlates in visual agnosia after expertise training". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(4): 554-68.
*James, T.W., Shima, D.W., Tarr, M.J., & Gauthier, I. (2005). "Generating complex three-dimensional stimuli (Greebles) for haptic expertise training". Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 37(2): 353-8.
*Vuong, Qc, Peissig, JJ, Harrison, MC, Tarr, MJ (2005). "The role of surface pigmentation for recognition revealed by contrast reversal in faces and Greebles". Vision Research, 45(10): 1213-23.
*Wagar, B. M. & Dixon, M. J. (2005). "Past experience influences object representation in working memory". Brain and Cognition, 57: 248-256.
*Cox, D.D., Meier, P., Oertelt, N., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2005). "'Breaking' position-invariant object recognition". Nature Neuroscience, 8: 1145-1147.
*Bukach, C. M., Bub, D. N., Gauthier, I. & Tarr, M. J. (2006). "Perceptual expertise effects are not all or none: Local perceptual expertise for faces in a case of prosopagnosia". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(1):48-63.
*Behrmann, M., Avidan, G., Leonard, G.L., Kimchi, R., Luna, B., Humphreys, K & Minshew, N. (2006). "Configural processing in autism and its relationship to face processing". Neuropsychologia, 44: 110-129.
*Lahaie, A., Mottron, L., Arguin, M., Berthiaume, C., Jemel, B., Saumier, D. (2006). "Face perception in high-functioning autistic adults: evidence for superior processing of face parts, not for a configural face-processing deficit". Neuropsychology, 20(1): 30-41.
*Wolley, A.W., Hackman, J.R., Jerde, T.E., Chabris, C.F., Bennett, S.L., Koslyn, S.M. (2007). "Using brain-based measures to compose teams: how individual capabilities and team collaboration strategies jointly shape performance". Soc. Neurosci. 2(2): 96-105.
*Hoffman, K.L., Ghazanfar, A.A., Gauthier, I., & Logothetis, N.K. (2008). "Category-specific responses to faces and objects in primate auditory cortex. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience". doi:10.3389/neuro.06/002.2007.
*Scherf, K.S., Berhmann, M., Minshew, N., Luna, B. (2008). Atypical development of face and greeble recognition in autism. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 49(8): 838-47.
*Richler, J.J., Tanaka, J.W., Brown, D.D. & Gauthier, I. (in press). Why does selective attention fail in face processing? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.
*Richler, J.J., Bukach, C.M., & Gauthier, I. (in press). Context influences holistic processing of non-face objects in the composite task. Perception and Psychophysics.
{{refend}}

[[Category:Vision]]

Schiffskatze

2010-10-05T19:02:54Z

Quiddity: /* Ship's cats today */ fix ref, clarify that the Picton Castle is not currently part of the Royal Navy

{{Refimprove|date=August 2010}}
[[Image:Blackie and Churchill.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] encounters a ship's cat. He restrains Blackie, the [[mascot]] of [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']], from joining an American destroyer, while the ship's company stand to attention during the playing of the [[God Save the Queen|National Anthem]].]]
The '''ship's [[cat]]''' has been a common sight on many trading, exploration, and naval ships, and is a [[phenomenon]] that goes back to ancient times. Cats have been carried on ships for a number of reasons, the most important being to catch [[mouse|mice]] and [[rat]]s. These rodents, when aboard, could cause considerable damage to ropes and woodwork. More serious was the threat rodents posed to the stores the ship carried. Not only could they devour the foodstuff carried to feed the crew, they could cause economic damage if the ship was carrying grain or similar substances as part of its cargo. Rats and mice were also sources of disease, an important consideration for ships which could be at sea for long periods of time. Cats naturally attack and kill these rodents.<ref name = "bruzelius">
{{Cite web
| last = Bruzelius
| first = Lars
| title = Sailing Ships
| work = Stevens:"Vermin", 1894
| publisher = The Maritime History Virtual Archives
| date = 2005
| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Seamanship/Stevens%281894%29_S1156.html
| doi =
| accessdate = Apr. 20, 2010}}
</ref>

Cats have a high ability to adapt to new surroundings, and were therefore highly suitable for service on a ship. They also offered companionship and a sense of home and security to sailors who could be away from home for long periods, especially in times of war.

==Early history==
The domestication of cats is believed to date back some 9,500 years, and the practice of taking cats aboard boats and ships began not long afterwards. The [[Ancient Egypt]]ians took cats on board [[Nile]] boats to catch birds in the thickets along the riverbanks.<ref>[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html Simon of HMS Amethyst]</ref> Cats were also carried on trading ships to control rodents, and that concept was adopted by traders from other nations. This led to the spread of cats throughout the world, with the species eventually reaching nearly all parts of the world accessible by ship. Over the centuries their offspring developed into different breeds according to the climate in which they found themselves and the mates they took, as well as the deliberate selection by humans. [[Phoenicia]]n cargo ships are thought to have brought the first domesticated cats to [[Europe]] in about [[900 BC]].

==Cats and superstition==
Sometimes worshipped as [[deity|deities]], cats have long had a reputation as [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]]al animals and numerous [[myths]] and [[superstitions]] sprang up amongst the unusually superstitious seafaring community. They were considered to be intelligent and lucky animals, and a high level of care was directed toward them to keep them happy. Some sailors believed that [[polydactyl cats]] were better at catching pests, possibly connected with the suggestion that extra digits give a polydactyl cat better balance, important when at sea. In some places polydactyl cats became known as "ship's cats".

Cats were believed to have [[miracle|miraculous]] powers that could protect ships from dangerous [[weather]]. Sometimes, fishermen's wives would keep [[Black cat]]s at home too, in the hope that they would be able to use their influence to protect their husbands at sea. It was believed to be lucky if a cat approached a sailor on deck, but unlucky if it only came halfway, and then retreated. Another popular belief was that cats could start storms through magic stored in their tails. If a ship's cat fell or was thrown overboard, it was thought that it would summon a terrible storm to sink the ship and that if the ship was able to survive, it would be cursed with nine years of [[bad luck]]. Other beliefs included, if a cat licked its fur against the grain, it meant a [[hailstorm]] was coming; if it sneezed it meant rain; and if it was frisky it meant wind.

Some of these beliefs are rooted in reality. Cats are able to detect slight changes in the weather, as a result of their very sensitive inner ears, which also allow them to land upright when falling. Low [[atmospheric pressure]], a common precursor of stormy weather, often makes cats nervous and restless.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

==Famous ship's cats==
The prevalence of cats on ships has led to them being reported on by a number of famous seafarers. The outbreak of the [[Second World War]], with the spread of mass communication and the active nature of the world's navies, also led to a number of ship's cats becoming [[celebrity|celebrities]] in their own right.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives">[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous ships cats and their lives]</ref>

===Blackie===
Blackie was [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']]'s ship's cat. During the Second World War, he achieved worldwide fame after ''Prince of Wales'' carried [[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] across the Atlantic to [[Naval Station Argentia|NS Argentia]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], where he secretly met with the [[United States]] [[President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for several days in a secure anchorage. This meeting resulted in the signing of the [[Atlantic Charter]], but as Churchill prepared to step off ''Prince of Wales'', Blackie approached. Churchill stooped to bid farewell to Blackie, and the moment was photographed and reported in the world media. In honour of the success of the visit, Blackie was renamed Churchill.<ref>[http://www.rjerrard.co.uk/royalnavy/rnbooks/rncats.htm Royal Navy cats]</ref>

===Camouflage===
Camouflage was the ship's cat aboard an LST. He was known for chasing enemy tracer rounds across the deck.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US Coast Guard Mascot page</ref>

===Chibbley===
Chibbley is the ship's cat aboard the [[tall ship]], [[Picton Castle (ship)|''Picton Castle'']]. She was rescued from an animal shelter and has since [[circumnavigated]] the world twice. The ''Picton Castle''’s role as a training ship resulted in Chibbley being introduced to a large number of visitors, and becoming a celebrity in her own right, receiving her own [[fan mail]].<ref>[http://www.beworldwise.org/ship/ships_cat.php An interview with Chibbley]</ref>

===Convoy===
[[Image:Convoy cat.jpg|thumb|right|Convoy sleeps in a hammock aboard HMS ''Hermione'', whilst members of the crew look on]]
Convoy was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Hermione (74)|HMS ''Hermione'']]. He was so named because of the number of times he accompanied the ship on convoy escort duties. Convoy was duly listed in the ship's book and provided with a full kit, including a tiny [[hammock]] where he would sleep. He stood by his ship to the end and was lost along with 87 of his crew mates, when the ''Hermione'' was torpedoed and sunk on 16 June 1942 by [[U-205]].

===Emmy===
Emmy was the ship's cat on the [[RMS Empress of Ireland|RMS ''Empress of Ireland'']]. Emmy, a loyal ginger moggie who had never once missed a voyage, repeatedly tried to escape the ship near departure on 28 May 1914. The crew could not coax her aboard and the ''Empress'' departed without her. It was reported that Emmy watched the ship sail away from Quebec City sitting on the roof of the shed at Pier 27. The ''Empress of Ireland'' sank in a collision with heavy loss of life later the next day. {{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

===Felix===
Felix was the ship's cat aboard the [[Mayflower II]] when it set sail from Devon, England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A. in 1957 to symbolize the solidarity between the two countries following World War II. He was given his own lifejacket and once suffered a broken paw after a mishap. The paw was set by the ship's doctor. Photos and stories about Felix appeared in [[National Geographic]], [[Life]] magazine, and [[Yankee]] magazine after his arrival in the U.S. The cat and the rest of the crew marched in a New York tickertape parade and toured the East Coast that summer. He was eventually adopted by the cabin boy's girlfriend, Ann Berry, and settled in Waltham, Massachusetts. The current captain of the Mayflower II wrote a children's book about Felix entitled "Felix and his Mayflower II Adventures." The book was published during the celebration of the ship's fiftieth anniversary at [[Plimoth Plantation]].<ref>[http://www.plimoth.org/features/mayflower-2/journey/felix.php The Journey of the Mayflower II - Felix]</ref>

===Kiddo===

Kiddo seemed to have stowed away on the [[airship]] [[America (airship)|''America'']], when she left from [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] in an attempt to cross the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in 1910. Kiddo was upset at first by the experience, but settled in and evidently, was better at predicting bad weather than the [[barometer]]. The airship's engines failed, and the small crew and Kiddo abandoned the ''America'' for [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]] when they sighted the [[Royal Mail Ship|Royal Mail steamship]], ''Trent'', near [[Bermuda]]. Kiddo then was retired from being a ship's cat and was taken care of by Edith Wellman Ainsworth, the daughter of the American [[journalist]], [[explorer]], and [[aviator]], [[Walter Wellman]], who made the daring attempt.<ref>{{cite book | last = Janus | first = Allan | title = Animals Aloft: Photographs from the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum | publisher = Bunker Hill Publishing | date = October 15, 2005 | location = | pages = 128 | isbn = 1593730489 }}</ref>

===Mrs. Chippy===
[[File:Mrschippy.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mrs. Chippy]], a a tiger-striped '''male''' [[tabby]] ship's cat.]]
{{Main|Mrs. Chippy}}
Mrs. Chippy was the ship's cat aboard [[Endurance (1912 ship)|''Endurance'']], the ship used by Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]] for his [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]. When the ship was lost, having become trapped and eventually crushed in pack ice, the sled dogs and Mrs. Chippy had to be put down, as they would not have survived the arduous journey ahead.

===Nansen===
[[File:Nansen (cat).jpg|thumb|left|Nansen, as drawn by Johan Koren]]
Nansen was the ship's cat on the {{ship|RV|Belgica|1884|2}}, which was used for the [[Belgian Antarctic Expedition]]. He was brought on board by cabin boy Johan Koren, and was named after [[Fridtjof Nansen]]. He died on 22 June 1898,<ref name=Lewis>{{cite book |title=Ship's Cats in War and Peace |last=Lewis |first=Val |year=2002 |publisher=Nauticalia Ltd |location=Shepperton |isbn=0953045811|pages=59-60}}</ref> and was buried in the [[Antarctic]].<ref name=Cool>{{cite web|url=http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_belgica.htm |title=Adrien de Gerlache, Belgica
Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897 - 1899 |publisher=Cool Antarctica |accessdate=5 October 2010}}</ref>

===Peebles===
[[Image:Peebles the cat.jpg|thumb|right|Lieutenant Commander R H Palmer [[OBE]], [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve|RNVR]] plays with Peebles, the ship's cat, who leaps through his clasped arms on board HMS ''Western Isles'', at [[Tobermory]], [[Isle of Mull|Mull]]]]
Peebles was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Western Isles|HMS ''Western Isles'']]. Another cat who became a favourite of the ship's crew, he was known to be particularly intelligent and would shake the hands of strangers when they entered the [[wardroom]]. Peebles is seen at the right on top of the deck, participating in a game of ''jump through the hoop'' during the Second World War.

===Pooli===
[[Image:Pooli (cat).jpg|thumb|'''Pooli''' at 15, on July 4, 1959]]
Pooli served aboard a United States attack transport during the Second World War. Here she is pictured on her fifteenth birthday. Pooli, a veteran who rates three service ribbons and four battle stars, shows she can still get into her old uniform.
<ref>[http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/dlib/lat/display.cfm?ms=uclalat_1429_b392_117856&searchType=subject&subjectID=216426 Los Angeles Times], July 4, 1959</ref>

===Simon===
{{Main|Simon (Amethyst's cat)}}
Simon was the ship's cat of [[HMS Amethyst (F116)|HMS ''Amethyst'']] during the [[Yangtze Incident]] in 1949, and was wounded in the bombardment of the ship which killed 25 of ''Amethyst''’s crew, including her commanding officer. He soon recovered and resumed killing rats and keeping up the crew's morale. He was appointed to the rank of 'Able Seacat' Simon and became a [[celebrity]] after the ship escaped the Yangtze and returned to Britain. He later succumbed to an infection and died shortly after. Tributes poured in and his [[obituary]] appeared in [[The Times]]. He was posthumously awarded the [[Dickin Medal]], the only cat to ever earn the award, and was buried with full naval honours.

===Tiddles===
[[Image:Tiddles cat.jpg|thumb|right|'''Tiddles''' at his station aboard HMS ''Victorious''. Despite a long tradition, there are no longer ships' cats aboard Royal Navy vessels]]
Tiddles was the ship's cat on a number of [[Royal Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]s. He was born aboard [[HMS Argus (I49)|HMS ''Argus'']], and later joined [[HMS Victorious (R38)|HMS ''Victorious'']]. He was often seen at his favourite station, on the after [[capstan (nautical)|capstan]], where he would play with the bell-rope. He eventually travelled over {{convert|30000|mi|km}} during his time in service.

===Trim===
{{Main|Trim (cat)}}
Trim was the ship's cat on a number of the ships under the command of [[Matthew Flinders]] during voyages to circumnavigate and map the coastline of [[Australia]] during 1801-03. He became a favourite of the crew and was the first cat to circumnavigate Australia. He remained with Flinders, until apparently being stolen and [[Cat meat|eaten]] by hungry [[slave]]s. A statue to Trim was later erected in his honour, and he has been the subject of a number of works of literature. A statue sits on a window sill on the outside of the Sydney Library, in Sydney, Australia.

Trim's statue behind Matthew Flinders' own in Sydney, Australia. The plaque under it says: 
TO THE MEMORY OF
TRIM 
The best and most illustrious of his race 
The most affectionate of friends, 
faithful of servants, 
and best of creatures 
He made the tour of the globe, and a voyage to Australia, 
which he circumnavigated, and was ever the 
delight and pleasure of his fellow voyagers........ 
Written by Matthew Flinders in memory of his cat 
Memorial donated by the North Shore Historical Society.

===U-boat===
U-boat was another ship's cat aboard a Royal Navy vessel in the [[Second World War]], who would take ‘[[shore leave]]’ whenever his ship came into port. He would spend days on shore, usually returning only just before his ship sailed. One day, U-boat failed to return in time for roll call and his ship was forced to sail. As she pulled away from the quay, U-boat was seen running down the dock after the departing ship. He made a death-defying leap onto the ship and succeeded in making it aboard. He was reported to be undaunted by his experience, proceeding to wash himself on deck. The crew members were apparently delighted their good luck charm had returned.

===Unsinkable Sam===
{{Main|Unsinkable Sam}}
Previously named Oscar, he was the ship's cat of the [[German battleship Bismarck|German battleship ''Bismarck'']]. When she was sunk on 27 May 1941, only 116 out of a crew of over 2,200 survived. Luckily, Oscar was picked up by the destroyer [[HMS Cossack (F03)|HMS ''Cossack'']]. ''Cossack'' herself was torpedoed and sunk a few months later, on 24 October, killing 159 of her crew, but again, Oscar survived to be rescued, and was taken to [[Gibraltar]]. He became the ship's cat of [[HMS Ark Royal (91)|HMS ''Ark Royal'']] but she too was torpedoed and sunk in November that year. Oscar was again rescued, but it was decided at that time to transfer him to a home on land. By now known as Unsinkable Sam, he was given a new job as mouse-catcher in the Governor General of Gibraltar's office buildings. He eventually returned to the UK and spent the rest of his life at the 'Home for Sailors'. A portrait of him hangs in the [[National Maritime Museum]] in [[Greenwich]].

===Tarawa===
Tarawa was a kitten rescued from a pillbox during the [[Battle of Tarawa]] by the [[United States Coast Guard]] and named Tarawa. She was a mascot aboard an [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]], but did not get along with the LST's other mascot, a dog named Kodiak, and jumped ship ashore.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US COast Guard Mascot page</ref>

==Ship's cats today==

The Royal Navy banned cats and other pet animals from all ships on the ocean in 1975 on [[hygiene]] grounds.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives"/>

Cats are still present on many private ships, such as '''Chibbley''' aboard the [[barque]] ''Picton Castle''.<ref>[http://www.picton-castle.com/captains_log/category/chibley/ Chibbley's travels aboard Barque ''Picton Castle'']</ref>

== Fictional ship's cats ==

There are two books with the title "[[The Ship's Cat]]", by [[Jock Brandis]] and [[James Aldridge]].

In a central episode in [[Jan de Hartog]]'s novel ''[[The Captain (1967 novel)|The Captain]]'', taking place on board a ship engaged in the dangerous [[Murmansk Convoy]]s in the [[Second World War]], a young officer is killed in an effort to save the ship's cat and her playful kittens during a Luftwaffe attack on the ship. This profoundly affects the main protagonist, the ship's captain, and is one of the factors leading to his later becoming a [[conscientious objector]].

A modern, fictional example is that of Jones, from the 1979 film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''. [[Ellen Ripley|Lt. Ripley]] is so attached to a [[tabby cat]] that she makes a specific point of rescuing him from the exploding ''Nostromo''.

In the video game [[Halo (series)|Halo]], there are posters for a missing cat named Jones onboard the human ships. This is a possible reference to the cat from the science fiction film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''.

Lucifer Sam by Pink Floyd (Syd Barrett) makes reference to Sam being a Ship's Cat

"Below Decks" was a fictitious cat aboard the [[submarine]] [[USS Miami (SSN-755)|USS ''Miami'']]. Shortly after she was commissioned in 1990, one of the ship's radiomen with a penchant for comedic postings placed a "missing cat" poster in the ship's passageway while the ship was underway. The poster described the cat as a black and white cat, about one year old, and answering to the name "Below Decks."

A number of [[science fiction]] writers have transferred the institution of a ship's cat to interstellar spaceships of the far future. For example, in her novel ''The Zero Stone'', [[Andre Norton]] features ship cats which are also telepathic.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Stone-Andre-Norton/dp/0441959644]</ref> [[David Weber]]'s [[Honorverse]] novels feature 'treecats' that can bond with naval officers and accompany them aboard spaceships. Joe Haldeman's ''[[Forever War]]'' also features a ship's cat as well.

==See also==
*[[The Ship's Cat]] (Novel)
*[[The Adventures & Brave Deeds Of The Ship's Cat On The Spanish Maine: Together With The Most Lamentable Losse Of The Alcestis & Triumphant Firing Of The Port Of Chagres]] (Children's book)
*''Jennie'' (Novel) by [[Paul Gallico]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book
| first = Val | last = Lewis
| title = Ships' Cats in War and Peace
| publisher = Nauticalia
| year = 2001
| isbn = 978-0953045815
| postscript = }}
* {{Cite web
| first = Patrick | last = Roberts
| title = Pur-n-Fur: Famous Felines
| url = http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html
| postscript = }}

==External links==
*[http://www.wyrdology.com/cats/at-sea.html Wyrdology - Cats at sea]
*[http://www.moggies.co.uk/html/shipcat.html Ship's cats]
*[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous Naval Cats]

{{Domestic cat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ship's Cat}}
[[Category:Military animals]]
[[Category:Marine occupations]]
[[Category:Maritime history]]
[[Category:Mascots]]
[[Category:Famous cats]]
[[Category:Cat types]]

[[pt:Gato de navio]]

Schiffskatze

2010-10-05T18:29:12Z

Quiddity: rvt the image move - images should be with their relevant prose (to allow for later text additions, etc), and bunching them up also creates the [edit] link bunching problem (See WP:FIXBUNCH)

{{Refimprove|date=August 2010}}
[[Image:Blackie and Churchill.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] encounters a ship's cat. He restrains Blackie, the [[mascot]] of [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']], from joining an American destroyer, while the ship's company stand to attention during the playing of the [[God Save the Queen|National Anthem]].]]
The '''ship's [[cat]]''' has been a common sight on many trading, exploration, and naval ships, and is a [[phenomenon]] that goes back to ancient times. Cats have been carried on ships for a number of reasons, the most important being to catch [[mouse|mice]] and [[rat]]s. These rodents, when aboard, could cause considerable damage to ropes and woodwork. More serious was the threat rodents posed to the stores the ship carried. Not only could they devour the foodstuff carried to feed the crew, they could cause economic damage if the ship was carrying grain or similar substances as part of its cargo. Rats and mice were also sources of disease, an important consideration for ships which could be at sea for long periods of time. Cats naturally attack and kill these rodents.<ref name = "bruzelius">
{{Cite web
| last = Bruzelius
| first = Lars
| title = Sailing Ships
| work = Stevens:"Vermin", 1894
| publisher = The Maritime History Virtual Archives
| date = 2005
| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Seamanship/Stevens%281894%29_S1156.html
| doi =
| accessdate = Apr. 20, 2010}}
</ref>

Cats have a high ability to adapt to new surroundings, and were therefore highly suitable for service on a ship. They also offered companionship and a sense of home and security to sailors who could be away from home for long periods, especially in times of war.

==Early history==
The domestication of cats is believed to date back some 9,500 years, and the practice of taking cats aboard boats and ships began not long afterwards. The [[Ancient Egypt]]ians took cats on board [[Nile]] boats to catch birds in the thickets along the riverbanks.<ref>[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html Simon of HMS Amethyst]</ref> Cats were also carried on trading ships to control rodents, and that concept was adopted by traders from other nations. This led to the spread of cats throughout the world, with the species eventually reaching nearly all parts of the world accessible by ship. Over the centuries their offspring developed into different breeds according to the climate in which they found themselves and the mates they took, as well as the deliberate selection by humans. [[Phoenicia]]n cargo ships are thought to have brought the first domesticated cats to [[Europe]] in about [[900 BC]].

==Cats and superstition==
Sometimes worshipped as [[deity|deities]], cats have long had a reputation as [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]]al animals and numerous [[myths]] and [[superstitions]] sprang up amongst the unusually superstitious seafaring community. They were considered to be intelligent and lucky animals, and a high level of care was directed toward them to keep them happy. Some sailors believed that [[polydactyl cats]] were better at catching pests, possibly connected with the suggestion that extra digits give a polydactyl cat better balance, important when at sea. In some places polydactyl cats became known as "ship's cats".

Cats were believed to have [[miracle|miraculous]] powers that could protect ships from dangerous [[weather]]. Sometimes, fishermen's wives would keep [[Black cat]]s at home too, in the hope that they would be able to use their influence to protect their husbands at sea. It was believed to be lucky if a cat approached a sailor on deck, but unlucky if it only came halfway, and then retreated. Another popular belief was that cats could start storms through magic stored in their tails. If a ship's cat fell or was thrown overboard, it was thought that it would summon a terrible storm to sink the ship and that if the ship was able to survive, it would be cursed with nine years of [[bad luck]]. Other beliefs included, if a cat licked its fur against the grain, it meant a [[hailstorm]] was coming; if it sneezed it meant rain; and if it was frisky it meant wind.

Some of these beliefs are rooted in reality. Cats are able to detect slight changes in the weather, as a result of their very sensitive inner ears, which also allow them to land upright when falling. Low [[atmospheric pressure]], a common precursor of stormy weather, often makes cats nervous and restless.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

==Famous ship's cats==
The prevalence of cats on ships has led to them being reported on by a number of famous seafarers. The outbreak of the [[Second World War]], with the spread of mass communication and the active nature of the world's navies, also led to a number of ship's cats becoming [[celebrity|celebrities]] in their own right.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives">[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous ships cats and their lives]</ref>

===Blackie===
Blackie was [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']]'s ship's cat. During the Second World War, he achieved worldwide fame after ''Prince of Wales'' carried [[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] across the Atlantic to [[Naval Station Argentia|NS Argentia]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], where he secretly met with the [[United States]] [[President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for several days in a secure anchorage. This meeting resulted in the signing of the [[Atlantic Charter]], but as Churchill prepared to step off ''Prince of Wales'', Blackie approached. Churchill stooped to bid farewell to Blackie, and the moment was photographed and reported in the world media. In honour of the success of the visit, Blackie was renamed Churchill.<ref>[http://www.rjerrard.co.uk/royalnavy/rnbooks/rncats.htm Royal Navy cats]</ref>

===Camouflage===
Camouflage was the ship's cat aboard an LST. He was known for chasing enemy tracer rounds across the deck.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US Coast Guard Mascot page</ref>

===Chibbley===
Chibbley is the ship's cat aboard the [[tall ship]], [[Picton Castle (ship)|''Picton Castle'']]. She was rescued from an animal shelter and has since [[circumnavigated]] the world twice. The ''Picton Castle''’s role as a training ship resulted in Chibbley being introduced to a large number of visitors, and becoming a celebrity in her own right, receiving her own [[fan mail]].<ref>[http://www.beworldwise.org/ship/ships_cat.php An interview with Chibbley]</ref>

===Convoy===
[[Image:Convoy cat.jpg|thumb|right|Convoy sleeps in a hammock aboard HMS ''Hermione'', whilst members of the crew look on]]
Convoy was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Hermione (74)|HMS ''Hermione'']]. He was so named because of the number of times he accompanied the ship on convoy escort duties. Convoy was duly listed in the ship's book and provided with a full kit, including a tiny [[hammock]] where he would sleep. He stood by his ship to the end and was lost along with 87 of his crew mates, when the ''Hermione'' was torpedoed and sunk on 16 June 1942 by [[U-205]].

===Emmy===
Emmy was the ship's cat on the [[RMS Empress of Ireland|RMS ''Empress of Ireland'']]. Emmy, a loyal ginger moggie who had never once missed a voyage, repeatedly tried to escape the ship near departure on 28 May 1914. The crew could not coax her aboard and the ''Empress'' departed without her. It was reported that Emmy watched the ship sail away from Quebec City sitting on the roof of the shed at Pier 27. The ''Empress of Ireland'' sank in a collision with heavy loss of life later the next day. {{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

===Felix===
Felix was the ship's cat aboard the [[Mayflower II]] when it set sail from Devon, England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A. in 1957 to symbolize the solidarity between the two countries following World War II. He was given his own lifejacket and once suffered a broken paw after a mishap. The paw was set by the ship's doctor. Photos and stories about Felix appeared in [[National Geographic]], [[Life]] magazine, and [[Yankee]] magazine after his arrival in the U.S. The cat and the rest of the crew marched in a New York tickertape parade and toured the East Coast that summer. He was eventually adopted by the cabin boy's girlfriend, Ann Berry, and settled in Waltham, Massachusetts. The current captain of the Mayflower II wrote a children's book about Felix entitled "Felix and his Mayflower II Adventures." The book was published during the celebration of the ship's fiftieth anniversary at [[Plimoth Plantation]].<ref>[http://www.plimoth.org/features/mayflower-2/journey/felix.php The Journey of the Mayflower II - Felix]</ref>

===Kiddo===

Kiddo seemed to have stowed away on the [[airship]] [[America (airship)|''America'']], when she left from [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] in an attempt to cross the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in 1910. Kiddo was upset at first by the experience, but settled in and evidently, was better at predicting bad weather than the [[barometer]]. The airship's engines failed, and the small crew and Kiddo abandoned the ''America'' for [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]] when they sighted the [[Royal Mail Ship|Royal Mail steamship]], ''Trent'', near [[Bermuda]]. Kiddo then was retired from being a ship's cat and was taken care of by Edith Wellman Ainsworth, the daughter of the American [[journalist]], [[explorer]], and [[aviator]], [[Walter Wellman]], who made the daring attempt.<ref>{{cite book | last = Janus | first = Allan | title = Animals Aloft: Photographs from the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum | publisher = Bunker Hill Publishing | date = October 15, 2005 | location = | pages = 128 | isbn = 1593730489 }}</ref>

===Mrs. Chippy===
[[File:Mrschippy.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Mrs. Chippy]], a a tiger-striped '''male''' [[tabby]] ship's cat.]]
{{Main|Mrs. Chippy}}
Mrs. Chippy was the ship's cat aboard [[Endurance (1912 ship)|''Endurance'']], the ship used by Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]] for his [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]. When the ship was lost, having become trapped and eventually crushed in pack ice, the sled dogs and Mrs. Chippy had to be put down, as they would not have survived the arduous journey ahead.

===Nansen===
[[File:Nansen (cat).jpg|thumb|left|Nansen, as drawn by Johan Koren]]
Nansen was the ship's cat on the {{ship|RV|Belgica|1884|2}}, which was used for the [[Belgian Antarctic Expedition]]. He was brought on board by cabin boy Johan Koren, and was named after [[Fridtjof Nansen]]. He died on 22 June 1898,<ref name=Lewis>{{cite book |title=Ship's Cats in War and Peace |last=Lewis |first=Val |year=2002 |publisher=Nauticalia Ltd |location=Shepperton |isbn=0953045811|pages=59-60}}</ref> and was buried in the [[Antarctic]].<ref name=Cool>{{cite web|url=http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_belgica.htm |title=Adrien de Gerlache, Belgica
Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897 - 1899 |publisher=Cool Antarctica |accessdate=5 October 2010}}</ref>

===Peebles===
[[Image:Peebles the cat.jpg|thumb|right|Lieutenant Commander R H Palmer [[OBE]], [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve|RNVR]] plays with Peebles, the ship's cat, who leaps through his clasped arms on board HMS ''Western Isles'', at [[Tobermory]], [[Isle of Mull|Mull]]]]
Peebles was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Western Isles|HMS ''Western Isles'']]. Another cat who became a favourite of the ship's crew, he was known to be particularly intelligent and would shake the hands of strangers when they entered the [[wardroom]]. Peebles is seen at the right on top of the deck, participating in a game of ''jump through the hoop'' during the Second World War.

===Pooli===
[[Image:Pooli (cat).jpg|thumb|'''Pooli''' at 15, on July 4, 1959]]
Pooli served aboard a United States attack transport during the Second World War. Here she is pictured on her fifteenth birthday. Pooli, a veteran who rates three service ribbons and four battle stars, shows she can still get into her old uniform.
<ref>[http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/dlib/lat/display.cfm?ms=uclalat_1429_b392_117856&searchType=subject&subjectID=216426 Los Angeles Times], July 4, 1959</ref>

===Simon===
{{Main|Simon (Amethyst's cat)}}
Simon was the ship's cat of [[HMS Amethyst (F116)|HMS ''Amethyst'']] during the [[Yangtze Incident]] in 1949, and was wounded in the bombardment of the ship which killed 25 of ''Amethyst''’s crew, including her commanding officer. He soon recovered and resumed killing rats and keeping up the crew's morale. He was appointed to the rank of 'Able Seacat' Simon and became a [[celebrity]] after the ship escaped the Yangtze and returned to Britain. He later succumbed to an infection and died shortly after. Tributes poured in and his [[obituary]] appeared in [[The Times]]. He was posthumously awarded the [[Dickin Medal]], the only cat to ever earn the award, and was buried with full naval honours.

===Tiddles===
[[Image:Tiddles cat.jpg|thumb|right|'''Tiddles''' at his station aboard HMS ''Victorious''. Despite a long tradition, there are no longer ships' cats aboard Royal Navy vessels]]
Tiddles was the ship's cat on a number of [[Royal Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]s. He was born aboard [[HMS Argus (I49)|HMS ''Argus'']], and later joined [[HMS Victorious (R38)|HMS ''Victorious'']]. He was often seen at his favourite station, on the after [[capstan (nautical)|capstan]], where he would play with the bell-rope. He eventually travelled over {{convert|30000|mi|km}} during his time in service.

===Trim===
{{Main|Trim (cat)}}
Trim was the ship's cat on a number of the ships under the command of [[Matthew Flinders]] during voyages to circumnavigate and map the coastline of [[Australia]] during 1801-03. He became a favourite of the crew and was the first cat to circumnavigate Australia. He remained with Flinders, until apparently being stolen and [[Cat meat|eaten]] by hungry [[slave]]s. A statue to Trim was later erected in his honour, and he has been the subject of a number of works of literature. A statue sits on a window sill on the outside of the Sydney Library, in Sydney, Australia.

Trim's statue behind Matthew Flinders' own in Sydney, Australia. The plaque under it says: 
TO THE MEMORY OF
TRIM 
The best and most illustrious of his race 
The most affectionate of friends, 
faithful of servants, 
and best of creatures 
He made the tour of the globe, and a voyage to Australia, 
which he circumnavigated, and was ever the 
delight and pleasure of his fellow voyagers........ 
Written by Matthew Flinders in memory of his cat 
Memorial donated by the North Shore Historical Society.

===U-boat===
U-boat was another ship's cat aboard a Royal Navy vessel in the [[Second World War]], who would take ‘[[shore leave]]’ whenever his ship came into port. He would spend days on shore, usually returning only just before his ship sailed. One day, U-boat failed to return in time for roll call and his ship was forced to sail. As she pulled away from the quay, U-boat was seen running down the dock after the departing ship. He made a death-defying leap onto the ship and succeeded in making it aboard. He was reported to be undaunted by his experience, proceeding to wash himself on deck. The crew members were apparently delighted their good luck charm had returned.

===Unsinkable Sam===
{{Main|Unsinkable Sam}}
Previously named Oscar, he was the ship's cat of the [[German battleship Bismarck|German battleship ''Bismarck'']]. When she was sunk on 27 May 1941, only 116 out of a crew of over 2,200 survived. Luckily, Oscar was picked up by the destroyer [[HMS Cossack (F03)|HMS ''Cossack'']]. ''Cossack'' herself was torpedoed and sunk a few months later, on 24 October, killing 159 of her crew, but again, Oscar survived to be rescued, and was taken to [[Gibraltar]]. He became the ship's cat of [[HMS Ark Royal (91)|HMS ''Ark Royal'']] but she too was torpedoed and sunk in November that year. Oscar was again rescued, but it was decided at that time to transfer him to a home on land. By now known as Unsinkable Sam, he was given a new job as mouse-catcher in the Governor General of Gibraltar's office buildings. He eventually returned to the UK and spent the rest of his life at the 'Home for Sailors'. A portrait of him hangs in the [[National Maritime Museum]] in [[Greenwich]].

===Tarawa===
Tarawa was a kitten rescued from a pillbox during the [[Battle of Tarawa]] by the [[United States Coast Guard]] and named Tarawa. She was a mascot aboard an [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]], but did not get along with the LST's other mascot, a dog named Kodiak, and jumped ship ashore.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US COast Guard Mascot page</ref>

==Ship's cats today==

The Royal Navy banned cats and other pet animals from all ships on the ocean in 1975 on [[hygiene]] grounds.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives"/> Despite this, cats are still present on some ships, such as '''Chibbley''' aboard the [[barque]] ''Picton Castle''.<ref>[http://www.picton-castle.com/voyage/captains_log/category/chibley/ Chibbley's travls aboard Barque ''Picton Castle'']</ref>

== Fictional ship's cats ==

There are two books with the title "[[The Ship's Cat]]", by [[Jock Brandis]] and [[James Aldridge]].

In a central episode in [[Jan de Hartog]]'s novel ''[[The Captain (1967 novel)|The Captain]]'', taking place on board a ship engaged in the dangerous [[Murmansk Convoy]]s in the [[Second World War]], a young officer is killed in an effort to save the ship's cat and her playful kittens during a Luftwaffe attack on the ship. This profoundly affects the main protagonist, the ship's captain, and is one of the factors leading to his later becoming a [[conscientious objector]].

A modern, fictional example is that of Jones, from the 1979 film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''. [[Ellen Ripley|Lt. Ripley]] is so attached to a [[tabby cat]] that she makes a specific point of rescuing him from the exploding ''Nostromo''.

In the video game [[Halo (series)|Halo]], there are posters for a missing cat named Jones onboard the human ships. This is a possible reference to the cat from the science fiction film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''.

Lucifer Sam by Pink Floyd (Syd Barrett) makes reference to Sam being a Ship's Cat

"Below Decks" was a fictitious cat aboard the [[submarine]] [[USS Miami (SSN-755)|USS ''Miami'']]. Shortly after she was commissioned in 1990, one of the ship's radiomen with a penchant for comedic postings placed a "missing cat" poster in the ship's passageway while the ship was underway. The poster described the cat as a black and white cat, about one year old, and answering to the name "Below Decks."

A number of [[science fiction]] writers have transferred the institution of a ship's cat to interstellar spaceships of the far future. For example, in her novel ''The Zero Stone'', [[Andre Norton]] features ship cats which are also telepathic.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Stone-Andre-Norton/dp/0441959644]</ref> [[David Weber]]'s [[Honorverse]] novels feature 'treecats' that can bond with naval officers and accompany them aboard spaceships. Joe Haldeman's ''[[Forever War]]'' also features a ship's cat as well.

==See also==
*[[The Ship's Cat]] (Novel)
*[[The Adventures & Brave Deeds Of The Ship's Cat On The Spanish Maine: Together With The Most Lamentable Losse Of The Alcestis & Triumphant Firing Of The Port Of Chagres]] (Children's book)
*''Jennie'' (Novel) by [[Paul Gallico]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book
| first = Val | last = Lewis
| title = Ships' Cats in War and Peace
| publisher = Nauticalia
| year = 2001
| isbn = 978-0953045815
| postscript = }}
* {{Cite web
| first = Patrick | last = Roberts
| title = Pur-n-Fur: Famous Felines
| url = http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html
| postscript = }}

==External links==
*[http://www.wyrdology.com/cats/at-sea.html Wyrdology - Cats at sea]
*[http://www.moggies.co.uk/html/shipcat.html Ship's cats]
*[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous Naval Cats]

{{Domestic cat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ship's Cat}}
[[Category:Military animals]]
[[Category:Marine occupations]]
[[Category:Maritime history]]
[[Category:Mascots]]
[[Category:Famous cats]]
[[Category:Cat types]]

[[pt:Gato de navio]]

There are known knowns

2010-10-04T01:37:04Z

Quiddity: /* External links */ add link

{{redirect|Known unknowns|the [[House (TV series)|House]] episode|Known Unknowns}}

In [[epistemology]] and [[decision theory]], the term '''unknown unknown''' refers to circumstances or outcomes that were not conceived of by an observer at a given point in time. The meaning of the term becomes more clear when it is contrasted with the '''known unknown''', which refers to circumstances or outcomes that are known to be possible, but it is unknown whether or not they will be realized. The term is used in project planning and decision analysis to explain that any model of the future can only be informed by information that is currently available to the observer and, as such, faces substantial limitations and unknown risk.

== Usage ==

{{cquote|There are known knowns; there are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns; that is to say, there are things that we now know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns; there are things we do not know we don’t know.|||United States Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]]}}

The "there are known knowns..." statement was made at a press briefing given by former US Defense Secretary [[Donald Rumsfeld]] on February 12, 2002.<ref name="urlDefense.gov News Transcript: DoD News Briefing - Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers, United States Department of Defense (defense.gov)">{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=2636 |title=Defense.gov News Transcript: DoD News Briefing - Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers, United States Department of Defense (defense.gov) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> Mr Rumsfeld's statement relating to the absence of evidence linking the government of [[Iraq]] with the supply of [[weapons of mass destruction]] to [[terrorist]] groups was criticised as an abuse of language, but defended as reflecting a profound, almost [[philosophy|philosophical]] truth.
Rumsfeld's defenders have included [[Canadian people|Canadian]] columnist [[Mark Steyn]], who called it 'in fact a brilliant distillation of quite a complex matter',<ref>{{cite news |author=Steyn, Mark |authorlink=Mark Steyn |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3599959/Rummy-speaks-the-truth-not-gobbledygook.html |title=Rummy speaks the truth, not gobbledygook |publisher=Daily Telegraph |date=December 9, 2003
|accessdate=2008-10-30}}</ref> and Australian economist and [[blog]]ger [[John Quiggin]], who wrote that, 'Although the language may be tortured, the basic point is both valid and important ... Having defended Rumsfeld, I’d point out that the considerations he refers to provide the case for being very cautious in going to war.'<ref>{{cite web |author=Quiggin, John |authorlink=John Quiggin |url=http://johnquiggin.com/index.php/archives/2004/02/10/in-defense-of-rumsfeld/ |title=In Defense of Rumsfeld ||date=February 10, 2004
}}</ref>

[[Italian people|Italian]] [[economist]]s Salvatore Modica and Aldo Rustichini provide an introduction to the economic literature on awareness and unawareness

{{cquote|A subject is certain of something when he knows that thing; he is uncertain when he does not know it, but he knows he does not: he is consciously uncertain. On the other hand, he is unaware of something when he does not know it, and he ''does not know he does not know'' [emphasis added], and so on ad infinitum: he does not perceive, does not have in mind, the object of knowledge. The opposite of unawareness is awareness.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/l32r06103403mv1v/ |author1=Salvatore Modica |author2=Aldo Rustichini |title=Awareness and partitional information structures |journal=Theory and Decision |volume=37 |issue=1 |month=July |year=1994 }}</ref>}}

Psychoanalytic philosopher [[Slavoj Žižek]] extrapolates from these three categories a fourth, the unknown known, that which we don't know or intentionally refuse to acknowledge that we know:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacan.com/zizekrumsfeld.htm |title=What Rumsfeld Doesn't Know That He Knows About Abu Ghraib |accessdate=2009-2-23}}</ref>
{{cquote|If Rumsfeld thinks that the main dangers in the confrontation with Iraq were the "unknown unknowns," that is, the threats from Saddam whose nature we cannot even suspect, then the Abu Ghraib scandal shows that the main dangers lie in the "unknown knowns" - the disavowed beliefs, suppositions and obscene practices we pretend not to know about, even though they form the background of our public values.}}

The term was in use within the United States military establishment long before Rumsfeld's quote to the press in 2002. An early use of the term comes from a paper entitled ''Clausewitz and Modern War Gaming: losing can be better than winning'' by Raymond B. Furlong, Lieutenant General, USAF (Ret.) in the Air University Review, July-August 1984:

{{cquote|To those things Clausewitz wrote about uncertainty and chance, I would add a few comments on unknown unknowns--those things that a commander doesn't even know he doesn't know. Participants in a war game would describe an unknown unknown as unfair, beyond the ground rules of the game. But real war does not follow ground rules, and I would urge that games be "unfair" by introducing unknown unknowns.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1984/jul-aug/furlong.html |title=Air University Review Archive at Air & Space Power Journal |accessdate=2008-08-14|format= |work= }}</ref>}}

{{cquote|NASA space exploration should largely address a problem class in reliability and risk management stemming primarily from human error, system risk and multi-objective trade-off analysis, by conducting research into system complexity, risk characterization and modeling, and system reasoning. In general, in every mission we can distinguish risk in three possible ways: a) known-known, b) known-unknown, and c)unknown-unknown. It is probable, almost certain, that space exploration will partially experience similar known or unknown risks embedded in the [[Apollo mission]]s, Shuttle or Station unless something alters how NASA will perceive and manage safety and reliability. <ref>{{cite conference |url=http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20060016368_2006006769.pdf |author=Maluf DA, Gawdiak YO, Bell DG |title=ON SPACE EXPLORATION AND HUMAN ERROR: A paper on reliability and safety |booktitle=Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science |date=3-6 January 2005 |location=Hilton Waikoloa Village, HI |format=PDF }} </ref> }}

From the same time, libertarian lawyer [[Richard Epstein]] wrote a well known article in the ''[[University of Chicago Law Review]]'' about the American [[labour law]] doctrine of [[employment at will]] (the idea that workers can be fired without warning or reason, unless their contract states terms that are better). In giving some of his reasons in defense of the contract at will, he wrote this.

{{Cquote|The contract at will is also a sensible private adaptation to the problem of imperfect information over time. In sharp contrast to the purchase of standard goods, an inspection of the job before acceptance is far less likely to guarantee its quality thereafter. The future is not clearly known. More important, employees, like employers, know what they ''do not'' know. They are not faced with a bolt from the blue, with an "unknown unknown." Rather they face a known unknown for which they can plan. The at-will contract is an essential part of that planning because it allows both sides to take a wait-and-see attitude to their relationship so that new and more accurate choices can be made on the strength of improved information.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Epstein R |title=In defense of the contract at will |url=http://jstor.org/stable/1599554 |journal=University of Chicago Law Review |volume=51 |pages=947–975 |year=1984 |doi=10.2307/1599554 |issue=4}}</ref>}}

In a Washington Times interview, the current commander of the United States Northern Command, Admiral James A. Winnefeld Jr., says he is most worried about "the unknown unknowns." <ref>"Northcom's new leader boosts focus on Mexico," http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jul/5/northcoms-new-leader-boosts-focus-on-mexico/print/</ref>

==In popular culture==

Since Rumsfeld's speech, both the full quote and the term "unknown unknowns" have appeared in popular culture.

* The quote is featured in the CD recording, "The Existential Poetry of Donald Rumsfeld" http://www.stuffedpenguin.com/index.html
*In ''[[The Boondocks (TV series)|The Boondocks]]'' [[animated series]], the character [[Ed Wuncler III and Gin Rummy|Gin Rummy]], a representation of [[Donald Rumsfeld]], makes several references to unknown unknowns.
*The band [[No Use for a Name]] used the entire aforementioned quote in their song Fields of Agony (Acoustic) on the record ''[[Rock Against Bush, Vol. 2]]''.
*In "Lil' George and Lil' Tony Blair", an episode of ''[[Lil' Bush]]'', Lil' Rummy makes a reference to the unknown unknowns.
*The [[Joan Jett]] song "Riddles" features the full unknown unknowns quote.
*The title of ''The Unknown Knowns: A Novel'' by [[Jeffrey Rotter]] is an allusion to the quote, and the full quote appears in the book's inscription.
*The title of the [[House (TV series)]] episode [[Known Unknowns]] is thought to be an allusion to the quote.

== See also ==
* [[Ignoramus et ignorabimus]]
* [[Ignotum per ignotius]]
* [[I know that I know nothing]]
* [[Johari window]]
* [[List of political catch phrases]]
* [[Outside Context Problem]]
* [[Black swan theory]]
* [[Dunning-Kruger effect]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=2636 Transcript of Defense Department Briefing, February 12, 2002]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RpSv3HjpEw Video of "Unknown unknown" talk on YouTube]
* [http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/the-anosognosics-dilemma-1/ The Anosognosic’s Dilemma: Something’s Wrong but You’ll Never Know What It Is]
* [http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/unk_unk/ Unk-unk] at the [[Double-Tongued Dictionary]]

[[Category:Decision theory]]
[[Category:Epistemology]]

[[zh-classical:不知之不知]]

MacArthur Fellowship

2010-07-31T22:43:28Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 376446770 by Snookerman (talk) - it said exactly what it claims to - a description of being nominated and winning

The '''MacArthur Fellows Program''' or '''MacArthur Fellowship''' ([[nickname]]d the '''Genius Award''') is an award given by the [[John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation]] each year to typically 20 to 40 [[United States citizens]] or residents, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced [[creative work]]."

According to the Foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential." The current amount of the award is $500,000, paid as quarterly installments over five years. {{As of|2007}}, there have been 756 recipients who have received a total of more than $350 million.

The Fellowship has no application. People are nominated anonymously by a body of nominators who submit recommendations to a small selection committee of about a dozen people, also anonymous. The committee then reviews every nominee and passes along their recommendations to the President and the [[board of directors]]. Most new MacArthur Fellows first learn that they have even been considered when they receive the congratulatory phone call. An editorial published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by MacArthur Fellow [[James Collins (Boston University)|James Collins]] describes the experience. <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/opinion/19collins.html| title=It Isn't Easy Being a Genius| author= JIM COLLINS| date=September 19, 2005| work=The New York Times }}</ref>

==List of MacArthur Fellows==
MacArthur Fellows organized by the year of their awards:

===1981===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[A. R. Ammons]], poet
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], poet
*[[Gregory Chudnovsky|Gregory V. Chudnovsky]], mathematician
*[[Robert Coles]], child psychiatrist
*[[Shelly Errington]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]], literary critic
*[[Michael Ghiselin]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]], paleontology
*[[Ian Graham]], archaeologist
*[[John Imbrie]], climatologist
*[[Elma Lewis]], arts educator
*[[James Alan McPherson]], novelist, writer
*[[Roy Mottahedeh|Roy P. Mottahedeh]], historian
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], physicist
*[[Robert Root-Bernstein]], biologist and historian of science
*[[Lawrence Rosen (anthropologist)|Lawrence Rosen]], attorney and anthropologist
*[[Carl E. Schorske]], intellectual historian
*[[Leslie Marmon Silko]], writer
*[[Derek Walcott]], poet and playwright
*[[Robert Penn Warren]], poet, writer, and literary critic
*[[Stephen Wolfram]], computer scientist and physicist<ref name = "Fellows81">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142675/k.24F6/Fellows_List__June_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows June 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*[[John Cairns (biochemist)|John Cairns]], molecular biologist
*[[Joel E. Cohen]], population biologist
*[[Richard Critchfield]], essayist
*[[Howard Gardner]], psychologist
*[[John Gaventa]], sociologist
*[[David Hawkins]], philosopher
*[[John P. Holdren]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[Ada Louise Huxtable]], architectural critic and historian
*[[Robert Kates]], geographer
*[[Raphael Carl Lee]], surgeon
*[[Cormac McCarthy]], writer
*[[Barbara McClintock]], geneticist
*[[Richard C. Mulligan]], molecular biologist
*[[Elaine Pagels|Elaine H. Pagels]], historian of religion
*[[David Pingree]], Historian of Science
*[[Paul G. Richards]], seismologist
*[[Richard Rorty]], philosopher
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]], astrophysicist
*[[Michael Woodford (economist)|Michael Woodford]], economist
*[[George Zweig]], physicist and neurobiologist<ref name = "Fellows81b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139463/k.738A/Fellows_List__December_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows December 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1982===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Fouad Ajami]], political scientist
*[[Charles Bigelow (type designer)|Charles A. Bigelow]], graphic designer
*[[Peter Robert Lamont Brown]], historian
*[[Robert Darnton]], European historian
*[[Persi Diaconis]], statistician
*[[William Gaddis]], novelist
*[[Ved Mehta]], writer
*[[Robert Parris Moses]], educator and philosopher
*[[Richard A. Muller]], geologist and astrophysicist
*[[Conlon Nancarrow]], composer
{{col-break}}
*[[Alfonso Ortiz]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Francesca Rochberg]], Assyriologist and historian of science
*[[Charles Sabel]], political scientist and legal scholar
*[[Ralph Shapey]], composer and conductor
*[[Michael Silverstein]], linguist
*[[Randolph Whitfield, Jr]], ophthalmologist
*[[Frank Wilczek]], physicist
*[[Frederick Wiseman]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Edward Witten]], physicist. Creator of the M-Theory <ref name = "Fellows82">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139465/k.79DA/Fellows_List__August_1982.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1982|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1983===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[R. Stephen Berry]], physical chemist
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian of Africa
*[[William H. Durham]], biological anthropologist
*[[Bradley Efron]], statistician
*[[David L. Felten]], neuroscientist
*[[Shelomo Dov Goitein]], medieval historian
*[[Ramón A. Gutiérrez]], historian
*[[Bela Julesz]], psychologist
*[[William Kennedy (author)|William Kennedy]], novelist
*[[Leszek Kołakowski]], historian of philosophy and religion
*[[Brad Leithauser]], poet and writer
*[[Lawrence W. Levine]], historian
*[[Ralph Manheim]], translator
*[[Charles S. Peskin]], mathematician and physiologist
*[[Julia Robinson]], mathematician
*[[John Sayles]], filmmaker and writer
*[[Peter Sellars]], theater and opera director
{{col-break}}
*[[Adrian Wilson (book designer)]], book designer, printer, and historian of the book
*[[Irene J. Winter]], art historian and archaeologist
*[[Mark S. Wrighton]], chemist<ref name = "Fellows83">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142677/k.7B61/Fellows_List__February_1983.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows February 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Seweryn Bialer]], political scientist
*[[William C. Clark]], ecologist and environmental policy analyst
*[[Randall W. Forsberg]], political scientist and arms control strategist
*[[Alexander L. George]], political scientist
*[[Mott T. Greene]], historian of science
*[[John J. Hopfield]], physicist and biologist
*[[Sylvia A. Law]], human rights lawyer
*[[Robert K. Merton]], historian and sociologist of science
*[[Walter F. Morris, Jr.]], cultural preservationist
*[[A.K. Ramanujan]], poet, translator, and literary scholar
*[[Alice M. Rivlin]], economist and policy analyst
*[[Richard M. Schoen]], mathematician
*[[Karen K. Uhlenbeck]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows83b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/pp.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=1139467&printmode=1|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>

{{col-end}}

===1984===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[George W. Archibald]], ornithologist
*[[Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.]], community organizer
*[[Robert Hass]], poet, critic, and translator
*[[Robert Irwin (artist)|Robert Irwin]], painter and installation artist
*[[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]], novelist and screenwriter
*[[Paul Oskar Kristeller]], intellectual historian and philosopher
*[[Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot]], educator
*[[Heather Lechtman]], materials scientist and archaeologist
*[[Michael Lerner (environmentalist)]], public health leader
*[[Andrew W. Lewis]], medieval historian
*[[Arnold J. Mandell]], neuroscientist and psychiatrist
*[[Matthew Meselson]], geneticist and arms control analyst
*[[David R. Nelson]], physicist
*[[Michael Piore]], economist
*[[Judith N. Shklar]], political philosopher
*[[Charles Simic]], poet, translator, and essayist
*[[David Stuart (Mayanist)|David Stuart]], linguist and epigrapher
*[[John E. Toews]], intellectual historian
*[[James Turrell]], light sculptor
*[[Jay Weiss]], psychologist
*[[Carl R. Woese]], molecular biologist <ref name = "Fellows84">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142681/k.5724/Fellows_List__March_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows March 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Shelly Bernstein]], pediatric hematologist
*[[Peter J. Bickel]], statistician
{{col-break}}
*[[William Drayton (environmentalist)|William Drayton]], public service innovator
*[[Sidney Drell]], physicist and arms policy analyst
*[[Mitchell J. Feigenbaum]], mathematical physicist
*[[Michael H. Freedman]], mathematician
*[[Curtis G. Hames]], family physician
*[[Shirley Heath]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Bette Howland]], writer and literary critic
*[[Bill Irwin]], writer and performance artist
*[[Fritz John]], mathematician
*[[Galway Kinnell]], poet
*[[Henry Kraus]], labor and art historian
*[[Peter Mathews (archaeologist)| Peter Mathews]], archaeologist and epigrapher
*[[Beaumont Newhall]], historian of photography
*[[Roger S. Payne]], zoologist and conservationist
*[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Edward V. Roberts]], disability rights leader
*[[Elliot Sperling]], Tibetan studies scholar
*[[Frank Sulloway]], psychologist (child birth-order research)
*[[Alar Toomre]], astronomer and mathematician
*[[Amos Tversky]], cognitive scientist
*[[J. Kirk Varnedoe]], art historian
*[[Bret Wallach]], geographer
*[[Arthur Winfree]], physiologist and mathematician
*[[Billie Young]], community development leader<ref name = "Fellows84b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142683/k.77C6/Fellows_List__November_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows November 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1985===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Joan Abrahamson]], community development leader
*[[John Ashbery]], poet
*[[John F. Benton]], medieval historian
*[[Harold Bloom]], literary critic
*[[Valery Chalidze]], physicist and human rights organizer
*[[William Cronon]], environmental historian
*[[Merce Cunningham]], choreographer
*[[Jared Diamond]], environmental historian and Geographer
*[[Marian Edelman]], Children's Defense Fund founder
*[[Morton Halperin]], political scientist
*[[Robert M. Hayes]], lawyer and human rights leader
*[[Edwin Hutchins]], cognitive scientist
*[[Sam Maloof]], Woodworker
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrew McGuire]], trauma prevention specialist
*[[Patrick Noonan]], conservationist
*[[George Oster]], mathematical biologist
*[[Thomas G. Palaima]], classicist
*[[Peter Raven]], botanist
*[[Jane S. Richardson]], biochemist
*[[Gregory Schopen]], historian of religion
*[[Franklin Stahl]], geneticist
*[[J. Richard Steffy]], nautical archaeologist
*[[Ellen Stewart]], theater director
*[[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]], choreographer, dance company founder
*[[Shing-Tung Yau]], mathematician <ref name = "Fellows85">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142689/k.2AE6/Fellows_List__July_1985.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1985|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1986===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Paul Adams (scientist)|Paul Adams]], neurobiologist
*[[Milton Babbitt]], composer
*[[Christopher Beckwith]], philologist
*[[Richard Benson]], photographer
*[[Lester R. Brown]], agricultural economist
*[[Caroline Bynum]], medieval historian
*[[William A. Christian]], historian of religion
*[[Nancy Farriss]], historian
*[[Benedict Gross]], mathematician
*[[Daryl Hine]], poet and translator
*[[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|John Robert Horner]], paleobiologist
*[[Thomas C. Joe]], social policy analyst
*[[David Keightley]], historian and sinologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Albert J. Libchaber]], physicist
*[[David C. Page]], molecular geneticist
*[[George Perle]], composer and music theorist
*[[James Randi]], educator
*[[David Rudovsky]], civil rights lawyer
*[[Robert Shapley]], neurophysiologist
*[[Leo Steinberg]], art historian
*[[Richard P. Turco]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Thomas Whiteside]], journalist
*[[Allan C. Wilson]], biochemist
*[[Jay Wright (poet)|Jay Wright]], poet and playwright
*[[Charles Wuorinen]], composer<ref name = "Fellows86">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142693/k.79E6/Fellows_List__August_1986.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1986|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1987===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Walter Abish]], writer
*[[Robert Axelrod]], political scientist
*[[Robert F. Coleman]], mathematician
*[[Douglas Crase]], poet
*[[Daniel Friedan]], physicist
*[[David Gross]], physicist
*[[Ira Herskowitz]], molecular geneticist
*[[Irving Howe]], literary and social critic
*[[Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.]], rural planner
*[[Peter Jeffery]], musicologist
*[[Horace Freeland Judson]], historian of science
*[[Stuart Alan Kauffman]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Richard Kenney]], poet
*[[Eric Lander]], geneticist and mathematician
*[[Michael C. Malin|Michael Malin]], geologist and planetary scientist
*[[Deborah W. Meier]], education reform leader
{{col-break}}
*[[Arnaldo Dante Momigliano]], historian
*[[David Mumford]], mathematician
*[[Tina Rosenberg]], journalist
*[[David Rumelhart]], cognitive scientist and psychologist
*[[Robert Morris Sapolsky]], neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
*[[Meyer Schapiro]], art historian
*[[John H. Schwarz]], physicist
*[[Jon Seger]], evolutionary ecologist
*[[Stephen Shenker]], physicist
*[[David Dean Shulman]], historian of religion
*[[Muriel S. Snowden]], community organizer
*[[Mark Strand]], poet and writer
*[[May Swenson]], poet
*[[Huynh Sanh Thong]], translator and editor
*[[William Julius Wilson]], sociologist
*[[Richard Wrangham]], primate ethologist<ref name = "Fellows87">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142695/k.2A0E/Fellows_List__July_1987.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1987|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1988===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Charles Archambeau]], geophysicist
*[[Michael Baxandall]], art historian
*[[Ruth Behar]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Ran Blake]], composer and pianist
*[[Charles Burnett (director)|Charles Burnett]], filmmaker
*[[Philip James DeVries]], insect biologist
*[[Andre Dubus]], writer
*[[Helen T. Edwards]], physicist
*[[Jon H. Else]], documentary filmmaker
*[[John G. Fleagle]], primatologist and paleontologist
*[[Cornell H. Fleischer]], Middle Eastern historian
*[[Getatchew Haile]], philologist and linguist
*[[Raymond Jeanloz]], geophysicist
*[[Marvin Phillip Kahl]], zoologist
*[[Naomi Pierce]], biologist
*[[Thomas Pynchon]], novelist
*[[Stephen J. Pyne]], environmental historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Max Roach]], percussionist and jazz composer
*[[Paul Roldan|Hipolito (Paul) Roldan]], community developer
*[[Anna Curtenius Roosevelt]], archaeologist
*[[David Alan Rosenberg]], military historian
*[[Susan Irene Rotroff]], archaeologist
*[[Bruce Schwartz]], figurative sculptor and puppeteer
*[[Robert Shaw (physicist)|Robert Shaw]], physicist
*[[Jonathan Spence]], historian
*[[Noel Swerdlow|Noel M. Swerdlow]], historian of science
*[[Gary A. Tomlinson]], musicologist
*[[Alan Walker (academic)|Alan Walker]], paleontologist
*[[Eddie Williams]], policy analyst and civil rights leader
*[[Rita P. Wright]], archaeologist
*[[Garth Youngberg]], agriculturalist<ref name = "Fellows88">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142699/k.7B86/Fellows_List__August_1988.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1988|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1989===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anthony Amsterdam]], attorney and legal scholar
*[[Byllye Avery]], women's healthcare leader
*[[Alvin Bronstein]], human rights lawyer
*[[Leo Buss]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Jay Cantor]], writer
*[[George Davis (analyst)| George Davis]], environmental policy analyst
*[[Allen Grossman]], poet
*[[John Harbison]], composer and conductor
*[[Keith Hefner (activist)|Keith Hefner]], journalist and educator
*[[Ralf Hotchkiss]], rehabilitation engineer
*[[John Rice Irwin]], curator and cultural preservationist
*[[Daniel Janzen]], ecologist
*[[Bernice Johnson Reagon]], music historian, composer, and vocalist
*[[Aaron Lansky]], cultural preservationist
*[[Jennifer Moody]], archaeologist and anthropologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Errol Morris]], filmmaker
*[[Vivian Paley]], educator and writer
*[[Richard Powers]], novelist
*[[Martin Puryear]], sculptor
*[[Theodore Rosengarten]], historian
*[[Margaret W. Rossiter]], historian of science
*[[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]], composer and music theorist
*[[Pam Solo]], arms control analyst
*[[Ellendea Proffer Teasley]], translator and publisher
*[[Claire Van Vliet]], book artist
*[[Baldemar Velasquez]], farm labor leader
*[[Bill Viola]], video artist
*[[Eliot Wigginton]], educator
*[[Patricia Wright]], primatologist <ref name = "Fellows89">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142701/k.7886/Fellows_List__August_1989.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1989|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1990===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[John Christian Bailar]], biostatistician
*[[Martha Clarke]], theater director
*[[Jacques d'Amboise]], dance educator
*[[Guy Davenport]], writer and critic
*[[Lisa Delpit]], education reform leader
*[[John Eaton (composer)|John Eaton]], composer
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]], population biologist
*[[Charlotte Erickson]], historian
*[[Lee Friedlander]], photographer
*[[Margaret Geller]], astrophysicist
*[[Jorie Graham]], poet
*[[Patricia Hampl]], writer
*[[John Hollander]], poet and literary critic
*[[Thomas C. Holt| Thomas Cleveland Holt]], social and cultural historian
*[[David Kazhdan]], mathematician
*[[Calvin King]], land and farm development specialist
*[[M. A. R. Koehl]], marine biologist
*[[Nancy Kopell]], mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Michael Moschen]], performance artist
*[[Gary Nabhan]], ethnobotanist
*[[Sherry Ortner]], anthropologist
*[[Otis Pitts]], community development leader
*[[Yvonne Rainer]], filmmaker and choreographer
*[[Michael Schudson]], sociologist
*[[Rebecca J. Scott]], historian
*[[Marc Shell]], scholar
*[[Susan Sontag]], writer and cultural critic
*[[Richard Stallman]], Free Software Foundation founder, [[Copyleft]] concept inventor
*[[Guy Tudor]], conservationist
*[[Maria Varela]], community development leader
*[[Gregory Vlastos]], classicist and philosopher
*[[Kent Whealy]], preservationist
*[[Eric Wolf]], anthropologist
*[[Sidney M. Wolfe| Sidney Wolfe]], physician
*[[Robert Woodson]], community development leader
*[[Jose Zalaquett]], human rights lawyer<ref name = "Fellows90">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142703/k.787E/Fellows_List__August_1990.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1990|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1991===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jacqueline Barton]], biophysical chemist
*[[Paul Berman]], journalist
*[[James Blinn]], computer animator
*[[Taylor Branch]], social historian
*[[Trisha Brown]], choreographer
*[[Mari Jo Buhle]], American historian
*[[Patricia Churchland]], (Neuro)philosopher
*[[David Donoho]], statistician
*[[Steven Feld]], anthropologist
*[[Alice Fulton]], poet
*[[Guillermo Gómez-Peña]], writer and artist
*[[Jerzy Grotowski]], theater director
*[[David Hammons]], artist
*[[Sophia Harris]], child care leader
*[[Lewis Hyde]], writer
*[[Ali Akbar Khan]], musician
{{col-break}}
*[[Sergiu Klainerman]], mathematician
*[[Martin Kreitman]], geneticist
*[[Harlan Lane]], psychologist and linguist
*[[William Linder]], community development leader
*[[Patricia Locke]], tribal rights leader
*[[Mark Morris]], choreographer and dancer
*[[Marcel Ophüls]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Arnold Rampersad]], biographer and literary critic
*[[Gunther Schuller]], composer, conductor, jazz historian
*[[Joel Schwartz]], epidemiologist
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist and composer
*[[Julie Taymor]], theater director
*[[David Werner]], health care leader
*[[James Westphal]], engineer and scientist
*[[Eleanor Wilner]], poet <ref name = "Fellows91">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142705/k.28E8/Fellows_List__July_1991.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1991|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1992===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janet Benshoof]], attorney
*[[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], printmaker
*[[Unita Blackwell]], civil rights leader
*[[Lorna Bourg]], rural development leader
*[[Stanley Cavell]], philosopher
*[[Amy Clampitt]], poet
*[[Ingrid Daubechies]], mathematician
*[[Persi Diaconis]], mathematician and statistician
*[[Wendy Ewald]], photographer
*[[Irving Feldman]], poet
*[[Barbara Fields]], historian
*[[Robert Hall (American journalist)|Robert Hall]], journalist
*[[Ann Ellis Hanson]], historian
*[[John Henry Holland]], computer scientist
*[[Wes Jackson]], agronomist
*[[Evelyn Keller]], historian and philosopher of science
*[[Steve Lacy]], saxophonist and composer
*[[Suzanne Lebsock]], social historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Sharon R. Long| Sharon Long]], plant biologist
*[[Norman Manea]], writer
*[[Paule Marshall]], writer
*[[Michael Massing]], journalist
*[[Robert McCabe]], educator
*[[Susan Meiselas]], photojournalist
*[[Amalia Mesa-Bains]], artist and cultural critic
*[[Stephen Schneider]], climatologist
*[[Joanna Scott]], writer
*[[John T. Scott]], artist
*[[John Terborgh]], conservation biologist
*[[Twyla Tharp]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Philip Treisman]], mathematics educator
*[[Laurel Thatcher Ulrich]], historian
*[[Geerat J. Vermeij]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Günter P. Wagner| Gunter Wagner]], developmental biologist<ref name = "Fellows92">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142707/k.296C/Fellows_List__July_1992.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows July 1992|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1993===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]], philosopher
*[[Demetrios Christodoulou]], mathematician and physicist
*[[Maria Crawford]], geologist
*[[Stanley Crouch]], jazz critic and writer
*[[Nora England]], anthropological linguist
*[[Paul Farmer]], medical anthropologist
*[[Victoria Foe]], developmental biologist
*[[Ernest Gaines]], writer
*[[Pedro Greer]], physician
*[[Thom Gunn]], poet and literary critic
*[[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]], artist
*[[Sokoni Karanja]], child and family development specialist
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet and literary critic
*[[Stephen Lee (chemist)|Stephen Lee]], chemist
*[[Carol Levine]], AIDS policy specialist
*[[Amory Lovins]], physicist and energy analyst
{{col-break}}
*[[Jane Lubchenco]], marine biologist
*[[Ruth Lubic]], nurse / midwife
*[[Jim Powell (poet)|Jim Powell]], poet and translator
*[[Margie Profet]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Thomas Scanlon]], philosopher
*[[Aaron Shirley]], health care leader
*[[Bill Siemering|William Siemering]], journalist and radio producer
*[[Ellen Silbergeld]], toxicologist
*[[Leonard van der Kuijp]], philologist and historian
*[[Frank N. von Hippel| Frank von Hippel]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[John Wideman]], writer
*[[Heather Williams (biologist)|Heather Williams]], biologist and ornithologist
*[[Marion Williams]], gospel music performer
*[[Robert H. Williams]], physicist and energy analyst
*[[Henry T. Wright]], archaeologist and anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows93">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142709/k.29F0/Fellows_List__July_1993.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1993 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1994===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Robert Adams (photographer)|Robert Adams]], photographer
*[[Jeraldyne Blunden]], choreographer
*[[Anthony Braxton]], avant-garde composer and musician
*[[Rogers Brubaker]], sociologist
*[[Ornette Coleman]], jazz performer and composer
*[[Israel Gelfand]], mathematician and biologist
*[[Faye Ginsburg]], anthropologist
*[[Heidi Hartmann]], economist
*[[Bill T. Jones]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Peter E. Kenmore]], agricultural entomologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Joseph E. Marshall]], educator
*[[Carolyn McKecuen]], economic development leader
*[[Donella Meadows]], writer
*[[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]], company director and choreographer
*[[Hugo Morales (radio)|Hugo Morales]], radio producer
*[[Janine Pease]], educator
*[[Willie Reale]], theater arts educator
*[[Adrienne Rich]], poet and writer
*[[Sam-Ang Sam]], musician and cultural preservationist
*[[Vincent Almendros]], animator
*[[Jack Wisdom]], physicist<ref name = "Fellows94">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142713/k.2894/Fellows_List__July_1994.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1994|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1995===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Allison Anders]], filmmaker
*[[Jed Z. Buchwald]], historian
*[[Octavia Butler]], science fiction novelist
*[[Sandra Cisneros]], writer and poet
*[[Sandy Close]], journalist
*[[Fred Cuny|Frederick C. Cuny]], disaster relief specialist
*[[Sharon Emerson]], biologist
*[[Richard Foreman]], theater director
*[[Alma Guillermoprieto]], journalist
*[[Virginia Hamilton]], writer
*[[Donald Hopkins]], physician
*[[Susan Kieffer|Susan W. Kieffer]], geologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Elizabeth LeCompte]], theater director
*[[Patricia Nelson Limerick]], historian
*[[Michael Marletta]], chemist
*[[Pamela Matson]], ecologist
*[[Susan McClary]], musicologist
*[[Meredith Monk]], vocalist, composer, director
*[[Rosalind P. Petchesky]], political scientist
*[[Joel Rogers]], political scientist
*[[Cindy Sherman]], photographer
*[[Bryan Stevenson]], human rights lawyer
*[[Nicholas Strausfeld]], neurobiologist
*[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]], historian<ref name = "Fellows95">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142715/k.2918/Fellows_List__July_1995.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1995 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1996===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[James Angel]], astronomer
*[[Joaquin Avila]], voting rights advocate
*[[Allan Berube]], historian
*[[Barbara Block]], marine biologist
*[[Joan Breton Connelly]], classical archaeologist
*[[Thomas Daniel]], biologist
*[[Martin Daniel Eakes]], economic development strategist
*[[Rebecca Goldstein]], writer
*[[Robert Greenstein]], public policy analyst
*[[Richard Howard]], poet
{{col-break}}
*[[John Jesurun]], playwright
*[[Richard Lenski]], biologist
*[[Louis Massiah]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Vonnie McLoyd]], developmental psychologist
*[[Thylias Moss]], poet and writer
*[[Eiko Otake]] & [[Koma Otake]], dancers, choreographers
*[[Nathan Seiberg]], physicist
*[[Anna Deavere Smith]], playwright/journalist/actress
*[[Dorothy Stoneman]], educator
*[[William E. Strickland]], art educator<ref name = "Fellows96">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142719/k.2A1C/Fellows_List__July_1996.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1996|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1997===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Luis Alfaro]], writer and performance artist
*[[Lee Breuer]], playwright
*[[Vija Celmins]], artist
*[[Eric Charnov]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Elouise Cobell]], banker
*[[Peter Galison]], historian
*[[Mark Harrington (activist)|Mark Harrington]], AIDS researcher 
*[[Eva Harris]], molecular biologist
*[[Michael Kremer]], economist
*[[Russell Lande]], biologist
*[[Kerry James Marshall]], artist
*[[Nancy A. Moran]], evolutionary biologist and ecologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Han Ong]], playwright
*[[Kathleen Ross]], educator
*[[Pamela Samuelson]], copyright scholar and activist
*[[Susan Stewart (poet)|Susan Stewart]], literary scholar and poet
*[[Elizabeth Streb]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Trimpin]], sound sculptor
*[[Loïc Wacquant]], sociologist
*[[Kara Walker]], artist
*[[David Foster Wallace]], writer
*[[Andrew Wiles]], mathematician
*[[Brackette Williams]], anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows97">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142721/k.2840/Fellows_List__July_1997.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1997|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1998===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janine Antoni]], artist
*[[Ida Applebroog]], artist
*[[Ellen Barry (attorney)|Ellen Barry]], Attorney and Human Rights Leader
*[[Tim Berners-Lee]], inventor of the World Wide Web protocol
*[[Linda Bierds]], poet
*[[Bernadette Brooten]], historian
*[[John Carlstrom]], astrophysicist
*[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]], historian
*[[Nancy Folbre]], economist
*[[Avner Greif]], economist
*[[Kun-Liang Guan]], biochemist
*[[Gary Hill]], artist
*[[Edward Hirsch]], poet, essayist
*[[Ayesha Jalal]], historian
*[[Charles R. Johnson]], writer
{{col-break}}
*[[Leah Krubitzer]], neuroscientist
*[[Stewart Kwoh]], human rights activist
*[[Charles Lewis (journalist)|Charles Lewis]], journalist
*[[William McDonald]], rancher and conservationist
*[[Peter Miller]], historian
*[[Don Mitchell (geographer)|Don Mitchell]], cultural geographer
*[[Rebecca J. Nelson|Rebecca Nelson]], plant pathologist
*[[Elinor Ochs]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Ishmael Reed]], poet, essayist, novelist
*[[Benjamin D. Santer]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Karl Sims]], computer scientist and artist
*[[Dorothy Thomas]], human rights activist
*[[Leonard Zeskind]], human rights activist
*[[Mary Zimmerman]], playwright<ref name = "Fellows98">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142723/k.28C4/Fellows_List__July_1998.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1998|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1999===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jillian Banfield]], geologist
*[[Carolyn R. Bertozzi|Carolyn Bertozzi]], chemist
*[[Xu Bing]], printmaker
*[[Bruce G. Blair]], policy analyst
*[[John Bonifaz]], election lawyer and voting rights leader
*[[Shawn Carlson]], science educator
*[[Mark Danner]], journalist
*[[Alison L. Des Forges]], human rights activist
*[[Elizabeth Diller]], architect
*[[Saul Friedländer]], historian
*[[Jennifer Gordon]], lawyer
*[[David Hillis]], biologist
*[[Sara Horowitz]], lawyer
*[[Jacqueline Jones]], historian
*[[Laura L. Kiessling]], biochemist
*[[Leslie Kurke]], classicist
{{col-break}}
*[[David Levering Lewis]], biographer and historian
*[[Juan Maldacena]], physicist
*[[Gay McDougall |Gay J. McDougall]], human rights lawyer
*[[Campbell McGrath]], poet
*[[Denny Moore]], anthropological linguist
*[[Elizabeth Murray (born 1940)|Elizabeth Murray]], artist
*[[Jessica Gia Lewingski]], traveler
*[[Pepon Osorio]], artist
*[[Ricardo Scofidio]], architect
*[[Peter Shor]], computer scientist
*[[Eva Silverstein]], physicist
*[[Wilma Subra]], scientist
*[[Ken Vandermark]], saxophonist, composer
*[[Naomi Wallace]], playwright
*[[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], mathematician
*[[Fred Wilson (artist)|Fred Wilson]], artist
*[[Ofelia Zepeda]], linguist<ref name = "Fellows99">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142725/k.2948/Fellows_List__July_1999.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1999|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2000===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Susan E. Alcock]], archaeologist
*[[K. Christopher Beard]], paleontologist
*[[Lucy Blake]], conservationist
*[[Anne Carson]], poet
*[[Peter J. Hayes]], energy policy activist
*[[David A. Isay]], radio producer
*[[Alfredo Jaar]], photographer
*[[Ben Katchor]], graphic novelist
*[[Hideo Mabuchi]], physicist
*[[Susan Marshall]], choreographer
*[[Samuel Mockbee]], architect
*[[Cecilia Muñoz]], civil rights policy analyst
*[[Margaret Murnane]], optical physicist
{{col-break}}
*[[Laura Otis]], literary scholar and historian of science
*[[Lucia M. Perillo]], poet
*[[Matthew Rabin]], economist
*[[Carl Safina]], marine conservationist
*[[Daniel P. Schrag]], geochemist
*[[Susan E. Sygall]], civil rights leader
*[[Gina G. Turrigiano]], neuroscientist
*[[Gary Urton]], anthropologist
*[[Patricia J. Williams]], legal scholar
*[[Deborah Willis]], historian of photography and photographer
*[[Erik Winfree]], computer and materials scientist
*[[Horng-Tzer Yau]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows00">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142727/k.2A89/Fellows_List__July_2000.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 2000|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2001===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrea Barrett]], writer
*[[Christopher Chyba]], astrobiologist
*[[Michael Dickinson (biologist)|Michael Dickinson]], fly biologist/bioengineer
*[[Rosanne Haggerty]], housing and community development leader
*[[Lene Hau]], physicist
*[[Dave Hickey]], art critic
*[[Stephen Hough]], pianist
*[[Kay Redfield Jamison]], psychologist
*[[Sandra Lanham]], pilot and conservationist
*[[Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle]], artist
*[[Cynthia Moss]], natural historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Dirk Obbink]], classicist and papyrologist
*[[Norman R. Pace]], biochemist
*[[Suzan-Lori Parks]], playwright
*[[Brooks Pate]], physical chemist
*[[Xiao Qiang]], human rights leader
*[[Geraldine Seydoux]], molecular biologist
*[[Bright Sheng]], composer
*[[David Spergel]], astrophysicist
*[[Jean Strouse]], biographer
*[[Julie Su (attorney)]], human rights lawyer
*[[David Hildebrand Wilson|David Wilson]], creator of The [[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<ref name = "Fellows01">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142731/k.6679/Fellows_List__October_2001.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows October 2001 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2002===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Danielle Allen]], classicist and political scientist
*[[Bonnie Bassler]], molecular biologist
*[[Ann M. Blair]], intellectual historian
*[[Katherine Boo]], journalist
*[[Paul Ginsparg]], physicist
*[[David B. Goldstein]], energy conservation specialist
*[[Karen Hesse]], writer
*[[Janine Jagger]], epidemiologist
*[[Daniel Jurafsky]], computer scientist and linguist
*[[Toba Khedoori]], artist
*[[Liz Lerman]], choreographer
*[[George Lewis (trombonist)|George E. Lewis]], trombonist
*[[Liza Lou]], artist
{{col-break}}
*[[Edgar Meyer]], bassist and composer
*[[Jack Miles]], writer and Biblical scholar
*[[Erik Mueggler]], anthropologist and ethnographer
*[[Sendhil Mullainathan]], economist
*[[Stanley Nelson]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Lee Ann Newsom]], paleoethnobotanist
*[[Daniela L. Rus]], computer scientist
*[[Charles C. Steidel]], astronomer
*[[Brian Tucker]], seismologist
*[[Camilo José Vergara]], photographer
*[[Paul Wennberg]], atmospheric chemist
*[[Colson Whitehead]], writer<ref name = "Fellows02">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142733/k.98ED/Fellows_List__September_2002.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2002|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2003===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], archaeologist
*[[James Collins (Boston University)|Jim Collins]], biomedical engineer
*[[Lydia Davis]], writer
*[[Erik Demaine]], theoretical computer scientist
*[[Corinne Dufka]], human rights researcher
*[[Peter Gleick]], conservation analyst
*[[Osvaldo Golijov]], composer
*[[Deborah Jin]], physicist
*[[Angela Johnson (writer)|Angela Johnson]], writer
*[[Tom Joyce]], blacksmith
*[[Sarah H. Kagan]], gerontological nurse
*[[Ned Kahn]], artist and science exhibit designer
{{col-break}}
*[[Jim Kim|Jim Yong Kim]], public health physician
*[[Nawal M. Nour]], obstetrician and gynecologist
*[[Loren H. Rieseberg]], botanist
*[[Amy Rosenzweig]], biochemist
*[[Pedro A. Sanchez]], agronomist
*[[Lateefah Simon]], women's development leader
*[[Peter Sis]], illustrator
*[[Sarah Sze]], sculptor
*[[Eve Troutt Powell]], historian
*[[Anders Winroth]], historian
*[[Daisy Youngblood]], ceramic artist
*[[Xiaowei Zhuang]], biophysicist<ref name = "Fellows03">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142737/k.6839/Fellows_List__October_2003.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows October 2003|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2004===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], anthropologist and archaeologist
*[[Angela Belcher]], materials scientist and engineer
*[[Gretchen Berland]], physician and filmmaker
*[[James Carpenter (artist)|James Carpenter]], artist
*[[Joseph DeRisi]], biologist
*[[Katherine Gottlieb]], health care leader
*[[David Green (social entrepreneur)|David Green]], technology transfer innovator
*[[Aleksandar Hemon]], writer
*[[Heather Hurst]], archaeological illustrator
*[[Edward P. Jones]], writer
*[[John Kamm]], human rights activist
*[[Daphne Koller]], computer scientist
{{col-break}}
*[[Naomi Leonard]], engineer
*[[Tommie Lindsey]], school debate coach
*[[Rueben Martinez]], businessman and activist
*[[Maria Mavroudi]], historian
*[[Vamsi Mootha]], physician and computational biologist
*[[Judy Pfaff]], American sculptor
*[[Aminah Robinson]], artist
*[[Reginald Robinson]], pianist and composer
*[[Cheryl Rogowski]], farmer
*[[Amy Smith]], inventor and mechanical engineer
*[[Julie Theriot]], microbiologist
*[[C. D. Wright]], poet<ref name = "Fellows04">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142741/k.998D/Fellows_List__September_2004.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2004 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2005===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Marin Alsop]], symphony conductor
*[[Ted Ames]], fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
*[[Terry Belanger]], rare book preservationist
*[[Edet Belzberg]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Majora Carter]], urban revitalization strategist
*[[Lu Chen (scientist)|Lu Chen]], neuroscientist
*[[Michael Cohen]], pharmacist
*[[Joseph Curtin]], violinmaker
*[[Aaron Dworkin]], music educator
*[[Teresita Fernandez|Teresita Fernández]], sculptor
*[[Claire Gmachl]], quantum cascade laser engineer
*[[Sue Goldie]], physician / researcher
*[[Steven Goodman]], conservation biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Pehr Harbury]], biochemist
*[[Nicole King]], molecular biologist
*[[Jon Kleinberg]], computer scientist
*[[Jonathan Lethem]], novelist
*[[Michael Manga]], geophysicist
*[[Todd Martinez]], theoretical chemist
*[[Julie Mehretu]], painter
*[[Kevin M. Murphy]], economist
*[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]], clinician/researcher
*[[Fazal Sheikh]], photographer
*[[Emily Thompson]], aural historian
*[[Michael Walsh (engineer)|Michael Walsh]], vehicle emissions specialist<ref name = "Fellows05">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142745/k.9B0D/Fellows_List__September_2005.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2005|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2006===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[David Carroll (naturalist)]], naturalist author/illustrator
*[[Regina Carter]], jazz violinist
*[[Kenneth C. Catania]], neurobiologist
*[[Lisa Curran]], tropical forester
*[[Kevin Eggan]], biologist
*[[Jim Fruchterman]], technologist, CEO [[Benetech]]
*[[Atul Gawande]], surgeon and author
*[[Linda Griffith]], bioengineer
*[[Victoria Hale]], CEO [[OneWorld Health]]
*[[Adrian Nicole LeBlanc]], journalist and author
*[[David Macaulay]], author/illustrator
*[[Josiah McElheny]], sculptor
*[[D. Holmes Morton]], physician
{{col-break}}
*[[John A. Rich]], physician
*[[Jennifer Richeson]], social psychologist
*[[Sarah Ruhl]], playwright
*[[George Saunders]], short story writer
*[[Anna Schuleit]], commemorative artist
*[[Shahzia Sikander]], painter
*[[Terence Tao]], mathematician
*[[Claire J. Tomlin]], aviation engineer
*[[Luis von Ahn]], computer scientist
*[[Edith Widder]], deep-sea explorer
*[[Matias Zaldarriaga]], cosmologist
*[[John Zorn]], composer and musician<ref name = "Fellows06Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2066197/k.3F6D/2006_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2006 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2007===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Deborah Bial]], education strategist
*[[Peter Cole]], translator/poet/publisher
*[[Lisa Cooper]], public health physician
*[[Ruth DeFries]], environmental geographer
*[[Mercedes Doretti]], forensic anthropologist
*[[Stuart Dybek]], short story writer
*[[Marc Edwards (civil engineering professor)|Marc Edwards]], water quality engineer
*[[Michael Elowitz]], molecular biologist
*[[Saul Griffith]], inventor
*[[Sven Haakanson]], [[Alutiiq]] curator/anthropologist/preservationist
*[[Corey Harris]], blues musician
*[[Cheryl Hayashi]], spider silk biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[My Hang V. Huynh]], chemist
*[[Claire Kremen]], conservation biologist
*[[Whitfield Lovell]], painter/installation artist
*[[Yoky Matsuoka]], neuroroboticist
*[[Lynn Nottage]], playwright
*[[Mark Roth (scientist)|Mark Roth]], biomedical scientist
*[[Paul Rothemund]], nanotechnologist
*[[Jay Rubenstein]], medieval historian
*[[Jonathan Shay]], clinical psychiatrist/classicist
*[[Joan Snyder]], painter
*[[Dawn Upshaw]], vocalist
*[[Shen Wei]], choreographer<ref name = "Fellows07Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913817/k.3EC5/2007_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2007 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-09-24}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2008===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], novelist
*[[Will Allen (urban farmer)|Will Allen]], urban farmer
*[[Regina Benjamin]], rural family doctor
*[[Kirsten Bomblies]], evolutionary plant geneticist
*[[Tara Donovan]], artist
*[[Andrea Ghez]], astrophysicist
*[[Stephen D. Houston]], anthropologist
*[[Mary Jackson (artist)|Mary Jackson]], weaver and sculptor
*[[Leila Josefowicz]], violinist
*[[Alexei Kitaev]], quantum physicist
*[[Walter Kitundu]], instrument maker and composer
*[[Susan Mango]], developmental biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Diane E. Meier]], geriatrician
*[[David R. Montgomery]], geomorphologist
*[[John Ochsendorf]], engineer and architectural historian
*[[Peter Pronovost]], critical care physician
*[[Adam Riess]], astrophysicist
*[[Alex Ross (music critic)|Alex Ross]], music critic
*[[Wafaa El-Sadr]], infectious disease specialist
*[[Nancy Siraisi]], historian of medicine
*[[Marin Soljačić]], optical physicist
*[[Sally Temple]], neuroscientist
*[[Jennifer Tipton]], stage lighting designer
*[[Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)|Rachel Wilson]], experimental neurobiologist
*[[Miguel Zenón]], saxophonist and composer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.4536877/k.1412/Meet_the_2008_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2008 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2008-09-23}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2009===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Lynsey Addario]], photojournalist
*[[Maneesh Agrawala]], computer vision technologist
*[[Timothy Barrett (papermaker)|Timothy Barrett]], papermaker
*[[Mark Bradford]], mixed media artist
*[[Edwidge Danticat]], novelist
*[[Rackstraw Downes]], painter
*[[Esther Duflo]], economist
*[[Deborah Eisenberg]], short story writer
*[[Lin He]], molecular biologist
*[[Peter Huybers]], climate scientist
*[[James Longley (filmmaker)|James Longley]], filmmaker
*[[L. Mahadevan]], applied mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Heather McHugh]], poet
*[[Jerry Mitchell (investigative reporter)|Jerry Mitchell]], investigative reporter
*[[Rebecca Onie]], health services innovator
*[[Richard Prum]], ornithologist
*[[John A. Rogers]], applied physicist
*[[Elyn Saks]], mental health lawyer
*[[Jill Seaman]], infectious disease physician
*[[Beth Shapiro]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Daniel Sigman]], biogeochemist
*[[Mary Tinetti]], geriatric physician
*[[Camille Utterback]], digital artist
*[[Theodore Zoli]], bridge engineer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.5410503/k.11CB/Meet_the_2009_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2009 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2009-09-22}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm MacArthur Fellows Program website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur Fellows Program}}
[[Category:Fellowships]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows|*]]

[[fr:Prix MacArthur]]
[[he:עמיתי מקארתור]]
[[nl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[no:The MacArthur Fellows Program]]
[[pl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[fi:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[uk:Стипендія МакАртура]]
[[zh:麦克阿瑟奖]]

Wikipedia:Logo

2010-07-26T11:09:46Z

Quiddity: Reverted edits by X-ivona-x (talk) to last version by R0uge

{{cleanup-afd|Wikipedia Globe Logo|date=May 2010}}
{{original research|date=May 2010}}
[[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|right|thumb|Wikipedia's current logo]]

The '''[[logo]]''' of '''[[Wikipedia]]''', an [[Internet]]-based multilingual [[encyclopedia]], is an unfinished globe constructed from [[jigsaw]] pieces – some pieces are still missing at the top – inscribed with [[glyph]]s from many different [[writing system]]s. As displayed on the web pages of the English-language version of Wikipedia, there is a wordmark WikipediA under the globe, and below that the text "The Free Encyclopedia", in the free [[open source|open-source]] [[Linux Libertine]] font.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2010/05/12/126789933/new-globe-new-user-interface-for-wikipedia |title=New Globe, User Interface For Wikipedia |author=Oma L. Gallaga |publisher=NPR |date=May 23, 2010}}</ref>

== Design ==

Each piece bears a glyph ([[letter]] or [[character (symbol)|character]]), symbolizing the multilingualism of Wikipedia. They include the letter [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic letter]] [[I (Cyrillic)|И]] ("I"), the [[Greek alphabet|Greek letter]] [[Omega|Ω]] (Omega), the [[Chinese character]] [[:wikt:維|維]] (Wéi), at the bottom u have kannada "ವಿ" an one of India's oldest languages and the [[Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]] (and also [[Yiddish]]) letter [[ו]] (Vav). As for the [[Latin alphabet|Latin letter]] "W", these glyphs are mostly the first glyph of the name "Wikipedia" as rendered in various languages (for example, 维基百科 in [[Chinese (language)|Chinese]]).

== History ==

[[File:Wikipedia_Logo_1.0.png|150px|right|thumb|Wikipedia's former logo]]

The logo was created by Paul Stansifer, a 21 year old Wikipedia user, whose entry won a [[design competition]] run by the site in 2003. It was then improved by David Friedland, then a student and now a Microsoft developer. He changed the styling of the jigsaw pieces so that their boundaries seemed indented and simplified their contents to be a single letter, rather than a word.<ref name="NYT-20070625">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/25/technology/25wikipedia.html?fta=y |title=Some Errors Defy Fixes: A Typo in Wikipedia’s Logo Fractures the Sanskrit |author=Noam Cohen |date=June 25, 2007 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> In the process, some errors were introduced, which can be traced to the incorrect handling by some [[web browser]]s of glyph combinations in certain writing systems.<ref name="NYT-20070625"/>

Wikipedia's globe logo has reflected some recent changes. Wikipedia has changed its new page look and altered the logo a bit, most notably adding a new Chinese character below the letter Omega, at the bottom there is a [[Kannada language|Kannada]] "ವಿ" an one of India's oldest languages and to the left of letter Cyrillic I. The name Wikipedia and its slogan also changed the font and its new look also reflected the "Try Beta" feature previously.

==See also==

*[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia logos]]

== References ==

{{refs}}

== External links ==

* [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/ Wikimedia Blog: Wikipedia in 3D] Describes the new puzzle globe logo
* [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/a-new-look-for-wikipedia/ Wikimedia Blog: A new look for Wikipedia]

{{internet-stub}}

[[Category:Wikipedia]]

Schiffskatze

2010-07-18T17:58:19Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 374128104 by 208.97.99.34 (talk) rvt unexplained deletion, add ref

[[Image:Blackie and Churchill.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] encounters a ship's cat. He restrains Blackie, the [[mascot]] of [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']], from joining an American destroyer, while the ship's company stand to attention during the playing of the [[God Save the Queen|National Anthem]].]]
The '''ship's [[cat]]''' has been a common sight on many trading, exploration, and naval ships, and is a [[phenomenon]] that goes back to ancient times. Cats have been carried on ships for a number of reasons, the most important being to catch [[mouse|mice]] and [[rat]]s. These rodents, when aboard, could cause considerable damage to ropes and woodwork. More serious was the threat they posed to the stores the ship carried. Not only could they devour the foodstuff carried to feed the crew, they could cause economic damage if the ship was carrying grain or similar substances as part of its cargo. Rats and mice were also sources of disease, an important consideration for ships which could be at sea for long periods of time. Cats naturally attack and kill these rodents.<ref name = “bruzelius”>
{{Cite web
| last = Bruzelius
| first = Lars
| title = Sailing Ships
| work = Stevens:"Vermin", 1894
| publisher = The Maritime History Virtual Archives
| date = 2005
| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Seamanship/Stevens%281894%29_S1156.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = Apr. 20, 2010}}
</ref>

Cats have a high ability to adapt to new surroundings, and were therefore highly suitable for service on a ship. They also offered companionship and a sense of home and security to sailors who could be away from home for long periods, especially in times of war.

==Early history==
The domestication of cats is believed to date back some 9,500 years, and the practice of taking cats aboard boats and ships began not long afterwards. The [[Ancient Egypt]]ians took cats on board [[Nile]] boats to catch birds in the thickets along the riverbanks.<ref>[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html Simon of HMS Amethyst]</ref> Cats were also carried on trading ships to control rodents, and that concept was adopted by traders from other nations. This led to the spread of cats throughout the world, with the species eventually reaching nearly all parts of the world accessible by ship. Over the centuries their offspring developed into different breeds according to the climate in which they found themselves and the mates they took, as well as the deliberate selection by humans. [[Phoenicia]]n cargo ships are thought to have brought the first domesticated cats to [[Europe]] in about [[900 BC]].

==Cats and superstition==
Sometimes worshipped as [[deity|deities]], cats have long had a reputation as [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]]al animals and numerous [[myths]] and [[superstitions]] sprang up amongst the unusually superstitious seafaring community. They were considered to be intelligent and lucky animals, and a high level of care was directed toward them to keep them happy. Some sailors believed that [[polydactyl cats]] were better at catching pests, possibly connected with the suggestion that extra digits give a polydactyl cat better balance, important when at sea. In some places polydactyl cats became known as "ship's cats".

Cats were believed to have [[miracle|miraculous]] powers that could protect ships from dangerous [[weather]]. Sometimes, fishermen's wives would keep [[Black cat]]s at home too, in the hope that they would be able to use their influence to protect their husbands at sea. It was believed to be lucky if a cat approached a sailor on deck, but unlucky if it only came halfway, and then retreated. Another popular belief was that cats could start storms through magic stored in their tails. If a ship's cat fell or was thrown overboard, it was thought that it would summon a terrible storm to sink the ship and that if the ship was able to survive, it would be cursed with nine years of [[bad luck]]. Other beliefs included, if a cat licked its fur against the grain, it meant a [[hailstorm]] was coming; if it sneezed it meant rain; and if it was frisky it meant wind.

Some of these beliefs are rooted in reality. Cats are able to detect slight changes in the weather, as a result of their very sensitive inner ears, which also allow them to land upright when falling. Low [[atmospheric pressure]], a common precursor of stormy weather, often makes cats nervous and restless.<ref>[http://www.moggies.co.uk/html/shipcat.html Ship's cats]</ref>

==Famous ship's cats==
The prevalence of cats on ships has led to them being reported on by a number of famous seafarers. The outbreak of the [[Second World War]], with the spread of mass communication and the active nature of the world's navies, also led to a number of ship's cats becoming [[celebrity|celebrities]] in their own right.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives">[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous ships cats and their lives]</ref>

===Trim===
{{Main|Trim (cat)}}
Trim was the ship's cat on a number of the ships under the command of [[Matthew Flinders]] during voyages to circumnavigate and map the coastline of [[Australia]] during 1801-03. He became a favourite of the crew and was the first cat to circumnavigate Australia. He remained with Flinders, until apparently being stolen and [[Cat meat|eaten]] by hungry [[slave]]s. A statue to Trim was later erected in his honour, and he has been the subject of a number of works of literature. A statue sits on a window sill on the outside of the Sydney Library, in Sydney, Australia.

Trim's statue behind Matthew Flinders' own in Sydney, Australia. The plaque under it says: 
TO THE MEMORY OF
TRIM 
The best and most illustrious of his race 
The most affectionate of friends, 
faithful of servants, 
and best of creatures 
He made the tour of the globe, and a voyage to Australia, 
which he circumnavigated, and was ever the 
delight and pleasure of his fellow voyagers........ 
Written by Matthew Flinders in memory of his cat 
Memorial donated by the North Shore Historical Society.

===Mrs. Chippy===
{{Main|Mrs. Chippy}}
Mrs. Chippy was the ship's cat aboard [[Endurance (1912 ship)|''Endurance'']], the ship used by Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]] for his [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]. When the ship was lost, having become trapped and eventually crushed in pack ice, the sled dogs and Mrs. Chippy had to be put down, as they would not have survived the arduous journey ahead.

===Kiddo===

Kiddo seemed to have stowed away on the [[airship]] [[America (airship)|''America'']], when she left from [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] in an attempt to cross the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in 1910. Kiddo was upset at first by the experience, but settled in and evidently, was better at predicting bad weather than the [[barometer]]. The airship's engines failed, and the small crew and Kiddo abandoned the ''America'' for [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]] when they sighted the [[Royal Mail Ship|Royal Mail steamship]], ''Trent'', near [[Bermuda]]. Kiddo then was retired from being a ship's cat and was taken care of by Edith Wellman Ainsworth, the daughter of the American [[journalist]], [[explorer]], and [[aviator]], [[Walter Wellman]], who made the daring attempt.<ref>{{cite book | last = Janus | first = Allan | title = Animals Aloft: Photographs from the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum | publisher = Bunker Hill Publishing | date = October 15, 2005 | location = | pages = 128 | isbn = 1593730489 }}</ref>

===Emmy===
Emmy was the ship's cat on the [[RMS Empress of Ireland|RMS ''Empress of Ireland'']]. Emmy, a loyal ginger moggie who had never once missed a voyage, repeatedly tried to escape the ship near departure on 28 May 1914. The crew could not coax her aboard and the ''Empress'' departed without her. It was reported that Emmy watched the ship sail away from Quebec City sitting on the roof of the shed at Pier 27. The ''Empress of Ireland'' sank in a collision with heavy loss of life later the next day. {{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

===Convoy===
[[Image:Convoy cat.jpg|thumb|right|Convoy sleeps in a hammock aboard HMS ''Hermione'', whilst members of the crew look on]]
Convoy was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Hermione (74)|HMS ''Hermione'']]. He was so named because of the number of times he accompanied the ship on convoy escort duties. Convoy was duly listed in the ship's book and provided with a full kit, including a tiny [[hammock]] where he would sleep. He stood by his ship to the end and was lost along with 87 of his crew mates, when the ''Hermione'' was torpedoed and sunk on 16 June 1942.

===Tiddles===
Tiddles (see photo below) was the ship's cat on a number of [[Royal Navy]] [[aircraft carrier]]s. He was born aboard [[HMS Argus (I49)|HMS ''Argus'']], and later joined [[HMS Victorious (R38)|HMS ''Victorious'']]. He was often seen at his favourite station, on the after [[capstan (nautical)|capstan]], where he would play with the bell-rope. He eventually travelled over {{convert|30000|mi|km}} during his time in service.

===U-boat===
U-boat was another ship's cat aboard a Royal Navy vessel in the [[Second World War]], who would take ‘[[shore leave]]’ whenever his ship came into port. He would spend days on shore, usually returning only just before his ship sailed. One day, U-boat failed to return in time for roll call and his ship was forced to sail. As she pulled away from the quay, U-boat was seen running down the dock after the departing ship. He made a death-defying leap onto the ship and succeeded in making it aboard. He was reported to be undaunted by his experience, proceeding to wash himself on deck. The crew members were apparently delighted their good luck charm had returned.

===Peebles===
[[Image:Peebles the cat.jpg|thumb|right|Lieutenant Commander R H Palmer [[OBE]], [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve|RNVR]] plays with Peebles, the ship's cat, who leaps through his clasped arms on board HMS ''Western Isles'', at [[Tobermory]], [[Isle of Mull|Mull]]]]
Peebles was the ship's cat aboard [[HMS Western Isles|HMS ''Western Isles'']]. Another cat who became a favourite of the ship's crew, he was known to be particularly intelligent and would shake the hands of strangers when they entered the [[wardroom]]. Peebles is seen at the right on top of the deck, participating in a game of ''jump through the hoop'' during the Second World War.

===Blackie===
Blackie was [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']]'s ship's cat. During the Second World War, he achieved worldwide fame after ''Prince of Wales'' carried [[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] across the Atlantic to [[Naval Station Argentia|NS Argentia]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], where he secretly met with the [[United States]] [[President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for several days in a secure anchorage. This meeting resulted in the signing of the [[Atlantic Charter]], but as Churchill prepared to step off ''Prince of Wales'', Blackie approached. Churchill stooped to bid farewell to Blackie, and the moment was photographed and reported in the world media. In honour of the success of the visit, Blackie was renamed Churchill.<ref>[http://www.rjerrard.co.uk/royalnavy/rnbooks/rncats.htm Royal Navy cats]</ref>

===The Unsinkable Sam===
{{Main|Unsinkable Sam}}
Previously named Oscar, he was the ship's cat of the [[German battleship Bismarck|German battleship ''Bismarck'']]. When she was sunk on 27 May 1941, only 116 out of a crew of over 2,200 survived. Luckily, Oscar was picked up by the destroyer [[HMS Cossack (F03)|HMS ''Cossack'']]. ''Cossack'' herself was torpedoed and sunk a few months later, on 24 October, killing 159 of her crew, but again, Oscar survived to be rescued, and was taken to [[Gibraltar]]. He became the ship's cat of [[HMS Ark Royal (91)|HMS ''Ark Royal'']] but she too was torpedoed and sunk in November that year. Oscar was again rescued, but it was decided at that time to transfer him to a home on land. By now known as Unsinkable Sam, he was given a new job as mouse-catcher in the Governor General of Gibraltar's office buildings. He eventually returned to the UK and spent the rest of his life at the 'Home for Sailors'. A portrait of him hangs in the [[National Maritime Museum]] in [[Greenwich]].

===Simon===
{{Main|Simon (Amethyst's cat)}}
Simon was the ship's cat of [[HMS Amethyst (F116)|HMS ''Amethyst'']] during the [[Yangtze Incident]] in 1949, and was wounded in the bombardment of the ship which killed 25 of ''Amethyst''’s crew, including her commanding officer. He soon recovered and resumed killing rats and keeping up the crew's morale. He was appointed to the rank of 'Able Seacat' Simon and became a [[celebrity]] after the ship escaped the Yangtze and returned to Britain. He later succumbed to an infection and died shortly after. Tributes poured in and his [[obituary]] appeared in [[The Times]]. He was posthumously awarded the [[Dickin Medal]], the only cat to ever earn the award, and was buried with full naval honours.

===Pooli===
[[Image:Pooli (cat).jpg|thumb|'''Pooli''' at 15, on July 4, 1959]]
Pooli served aboard a United States attack transport during the Second World War. Here she is pictured on her fifteenth birthday. Pooli, a veteran who rates three service ribbons and four battle stars, shows she can still get into her old uniform.
<ref>[http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/dlib/lat/display.cfm?ms=uclalat_1429_b392_117856&searchType=subject&subjectID=216426 Los Angeles Times], July 4, 1959</ref>

===Chibbley===
Chibbley is the ship's cat aboard the [[tall ship]], [[Picton Castle (ship)|''Picton Castle'']]. She was rescued from an animal shelter and has since [[circumnavigated]] the world twice. The ''Picton Castle''’s role as a training ship resulted in Chibbley being introduced to a large number of visitors, and becoming a celebrity in her own right, receiving her own [[fan mail]].<ref>[http://www.beworldwise.org/ship/ships_cat.php An interview with Chibbley]</ref>

===Tarawa===
Tarawa was a kitten rescued from a pillbox during the [[Battle of Tarawa]] by the [[United States Coast Guard]] and named Tarawa. She was a mascot aboard an [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]], but did not get along with the LST's other mascot, a dog named Kodiak, and jumped ship ashore.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US COast Guard Mascot page</ref>

===Camouflage===
Camouflage was the ship's cat aboard an LST. He was known for chasing enemy tracer rounds across the deck.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/Mascots_2.asp] US Coast Guard Mascot page</ref>

===Felix===
Felix was the ship's cat aboard the [[Mayflower II]] when it set sail from Devon, England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A. in 1957 to symbolize the solidarity between the two countries following World War II. He was given his own lifejacket and once suffered a broken paw after a mishap. The paw was set by the ship's doctor. Photos and stories about Felix appeard in [[National Geographic]], [[Life]] magazine, and [[Yankee]] magazine after his arrival in the U.S. The cat and the rest of the crew marched in a New York tickertape parade and toured the East Coast that summer. He was eventually adopted by the cabin boy's girlfriend, Ann Berry, and settled in Waltham, Massachusetts. The current captain of the Mayflower II wrote a children's book about Felix entitled "Felix and his Mayflower II Adventures." The book was published during the celebration of the ship's fiftieth anniversary at [[Plimoth Plantation]].<ref>[http://www.plimoth.org/features/mayflower-2/journey/felix.php The Journey of the Mayflower II - Felix]</ref>

==Ship's cats today==
[[Image:Tiddles cat.jpg|thumb|right|'''Tiddles''' at his station aboard HMS ''Victorious''. Despite a long tradition,
there are no longer ships' cats aboard Royal Navy vessels]]

The Royal Navy banned cats and other pet animals from its ships in 1975 on [[hygiene]] grounds.<ref name="Famous ships cats and their lives"/> Despite this, cats are still present on many ships around the world, such as '''Chibbley''' aboard the [[barque]] ''Picton Castle''.<ref>[http://www.picton-castle.com/voyage/captains_log/category/chibley/ Chibbley's travls aboard Barque ''Picton Castle'']</ref>

== Fictional ship's cats ==

There are two books with the title "[[The Ship's Cat]]", by [[Jock Brandis]] and [[James Aldridge]].

In a central episode in [[Jan de Hartog]]'s novel ''[[The Captain (1967 novel)|The Captain]]'', taking place on board a ship engaged in the dangerous [[Murmansk Convoy]]s in the [[Second World War]], a young officer is killed in an effort to save the ship's cat and her playful kittens during a Luftwaffe attack on the ship. This profoundly affects the main protagonist, the ship's captain, and is one of the factors leading to his later becoming a [[conscientious objector]].

A modern, fictional example is that of Jones, from the 1979 film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''. [[Ellen Ripley|Lt. Ripley]] is so attached to a [[tabby cat]] that she makes a specific point of rescuing him from the exploding ''Nostromo''.

In the video game [[Halo (series)|Halo]], there are posters for a missing cat named Jones onboard the human ships. This is a possible reference to the cat from the science fiction film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''.

Lucifer Sam by Pink Floyd (Syd Barrett) makes reference to Sam being a Ship's Cat

"Below Decks" was a fictitious cat aboard the [[submarine]] [[USS Miami (SSN-755)|USS ''Miami'']]. Shortly after she was commissioned in 1990, one of the ship's radiomen with a penchant for comedic postings placed a "missing cat" poster in the ship's passageway while the ship was underway. The poster described the cat as a black and white cat, about one year old, and answering to the name "Below Decks."

A number of [[science fiction]] writers have transferred the institution of a ship's cat to interstellar spaceships of the far future. For example, in her novel ''The Zero Stone'', [[Andre Norton]] features ship cats which are also telepathic.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Zero-Stone-Andre-Norton/dp/0441959644]</ref> [[David Weber]]'s [[Honorverse]] novels feature 'treecats' that can bond with naval officers and accompany them aboard spaceships.

==See also==
*[[The Ship's Cat]] (Novel)
*[[The Adventures & Brave Deeds Of The Ship's Cat On The Spanish Maine: Together With The Most Lamentable Losse Of The Alcestis & Triumphant Firing Of The Port Of Chagres]] (Children's book)
*''Jennie'' (Novel) by [[Paul Gallico]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book
| first = Val | last = Lewis
| title = Ships' Cats in War and Peace
| publisher = Nauticalia
| year = 2001
| isbn = 978-0953045815
| postscript = }}
* {{Cite web
| first = Patrick | last = Roberts
| title = Pur-n-Fur: Famous Felines
| url = http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/simon.html
| postscript = }}

==External links==
*[http://www.wyrdology.com/cats/at-sea.html Wyrdology - Cats at sea]
*[http://www.moggies.co.uk/html/shipcat.html Ship's cats]
*[http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/featuring/war02.html Famous Naval Cats]

{{Domestic cat}}

[[Category:Military animals]]
[[Category:Marine occupations]]
[[Category:Maritime history]]
[[Category:Mascots]]
[[Category:Famous cats]]
[[Category:Cat types]]

[[pt:Gato de navio]]

Wikipedia:Logo

2010-07-03T18:34:01Z

Quiddity: Reverted 2 edits by 190.235.129.148; Rv unexplained deletions.

{{cleanup-afd|Wikipedia Globe Logo|date=May 2010}}
{{original research|date=May 2010}}
[[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|right|thumb|Wikipedia's current logo]]

The '''logo of Wikipedia''' is the main [[logo]] for [[Wikipedia]], an Internet-based [[encyclopedia]].

A [[sphere]] constructed from [[jigsaw]] pieces with some pieces missing at the top, the logo is placed on the top left-hand corner on all pages with capital letters below the logo in [[Linux Libertine]] font WIKIPEDIA, and below it is written in plain writing "''The Free Encyclopedia''".<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2010/05/12/126789933/new-globe-new-user-interface-for-wikipedia |title=New Globe, User Interface For Wikipedia |author=Oma L. Gallaga |publisher=NPR |date=May 23, 2010}}</ref>

== Design ==

Each piece has a character/letter on it symbolizing the multilingualism of Wikipedia. They have included the letter [[I (Cyrillic)|И]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|I]], [[Cyrillic]]), the letter [[Omega|Ω]] ([[Omega]], [[Greek language|Greek]]), a Chinese word/character meaning "ancestor", and the letter "W" as the first letter of the name "Wikipedia".

== History ==

The logo was created by Paul Stansifer, a 21 year old Wikipedia user, whose entry won a [[design competition]] run by the site in 2003. It was then improved by David Friedland, then a student and now a Microsoft developer. He changed the styling of the jigsaw pieces so that their boundaries seemed indented and simplified their contents to be a single letter, rather than a word.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/25/technology/25wikipedia.html?fta=y |title=Some Errors Defy Fixes: A Typo in Wikipedia’s Logo Fractures the Sanskrit |author=Noam Cohen |date=June 25, 2007 |publisher=New York Times}}</ref>

Wikipedia's globe logo has reflected some recent changes. Wikipedia has changed its new page look and altered the logo a bit, most notably adding a new Chinese character below the letter Omega and to the left of letter Cyrillic I. The name Wikipedia and its slogan also changed the font and its new look also reflected the "Try Beta" feature previously.

== References ==

{{refs}}

== External links ==

* [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/]
* [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/a-new-look-for-wikipedia/]

{{internet-stub}}

[[Category:Wikipedia]]

Sechs Freiheitsgrade

2010-06-27T19:24:54Z

Quiddity: I prefer the other, so let's use both images?

[[File:6_degrees_freedom.png|right|325px]]

'''Six degrees of freedom''' ('''6DoF''') refers to motion of a [[rigid body]] in [[three-dimensional space]], namely the ability to move forward/backward, up/down, left/right ([[translation (physics)|translation]] in three [[perpendicular]] [[coordinate axis|axes]]) combined with [[rotation]] about three perpendicular axes ([[flight dynamics|pitch, yaw, roll]]). As the movement along each of the three axes is independent of each other and independent of the rotation about any of these axes, the motion indeed has six [[Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)|degrees of freedom]].

==Robotics==
[[Robot]] arms are often categorized by their degrees of freedom (typically achieving more than six degrees of freedom). This number typically refers to the number of single-axis rotational joints in the arm, where a higher number indicates an increased flexibility in positioning a tool. This is a practical metric, in contrast to the abstract definition of degrees of freedom which measures the aggregate positioning capability of a system.<ref>Paul, Richard P., ''Robot Manipulators: Mathematics, Programming, and Control'', MIT Press, 1981.</ref> [[Dean Kamen]], inventor of the [[Segway PT|Segway]], recently unveiled a prototype robotic arm with 21 degrees of freedom for [[DARPA]]. [[Humanoid robot]]s typically have 30 or more degrees of freedom, with six degrees of freedom per arm, five or six in each leg, and several more in [[torso]] and [[neck]].<ref>Craig, John J., ''Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control'', Addison-Wesley, 1986.</ref>

==Engineering==
The term is important in [[Degrees of freedom (mechanics)|mechanical systems]], especially [[biomechanics|biomechanical systems]] for analyzing and measuring properties of these types of systems that need to account for all six degrees of freedom. Measurement of the six degrees of freedom is accomplished today through both AC and DC magnetic or electromagnetic fields in sensors that transmit positional and angular data to a processing unit. The data are made relevant through software that integrate the data based on the needs and programming of the users.

Ascension Technology Corporation has recently created a 6DoF device small enough to fit in a biopsy needle, allowing physicians to better research at minute levels. The new sensor passively senses pulsed [[direct current|DC]] [[magnetic fields]] generated by either a cubic transmitter or a flat transmitter and is available for integration and manufacturability by medical [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEMs]].<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/118985.php Medical News Today.] Ascension Develops World's Smallest Six Degrees-of-Freedom Sensor For Emerging Medical Procedures. 25 Aug 2008</ref>

==Other uses==
[[File:6DOF_en.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.5|The six degrees of freedom: forward/back, up/down, left/right, pitch, yaw, roll]]
''Six degrees of freedom'' is also a gameplay style wherein there is often no [[gravity]], and players are free to move in any 3-dimensional direction. It is used in games such as ''[[Descent (computer game)|Descent]]'' and its sequels, and to a lesser extent the ''[[Homeworld]]'' and ''[[Zone of the Enders (series)|Zone Of The Enders]]'' games.

[[First-person shooter]] (FPS) games generally provide four degrees of freedom (five counting jumping/crouching/swimming, or even six counting leaning.) The player can move in any direction along the ground and can alter pitch and yaw, but not roll. However, Futuremark Games Studio's [[Shattered Horizon]], a space combat FPS game in zero gravity, allows the player to use all six degrees of freedom.

The acronym '''3DoF''', meaning just movement in the three dimensions and not rotation, is sometimes encountered.

The game controller of the [[PlayStation 3]] contains a "[[Sixaxis]]" feature, which makes use of the six degrees of freedom.

==See also==
* [[Degrees of freedom (mechanics)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.forsakenplanet.tk Forsaken Planet]
* [http://fly.thruhere.net Forsaken, 6dof Info]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Six Degrees Of Freedom}}
[[Category:Mechanics]]
[[Category:Biomedical engineering|*]]
[[Category:Video game gameplay]]
[[Category:Robotics]]

[[es:Seis grados de libertad]]
[[ko:6 자유도]]
[[it:6dof]]
[[ru:Шесть степеней свободы]]

Mind the gap

2010-05-24T18:13:03Z

Quiddity: Reverted 1 edit by 116.49.52.12; Already mentioned at dismbiguationpage.

{{Otheruses}}
[[Image:Mind the gap.ogg|thumb|300px|Mind the gap, [[Paddington Station]]]]
'''"Mind the gap"''' is a warning to [[train]] passengers of the gap between the train door and the [[station platform]]. It was introduced in 1969 by the [[London Underground]]. The phrase is so associated with the Underground that [[Transport for London]] sells T-shirts with the phrase on a London Transport symbol.

== Variants ==
[[Image:Mindthegap.png|thumb|left|A "Mind the gap" sticker on [[KCR EMU SP1900]] of Hong Kong's KCR]]

Some platforms on the Underground are curved. Since the [[railroad car|cars]] are straight, the distance from the platform to the car at certain points is greater and "mind the gap" is painted in capitals along the edge of such platforms. A recorded announcement is played when a train arrives, "mind the gap" repeated several times followed by "please, stand clear of the doors" and "this train is now ready to depart".

The recording is also used where platforms are non-standard height. Deep-level tube trains have a floor height around 200 mm less than [[Tunnel#Construction|sub-surface stock]] trains. Where trains share platforms, for example some [[Piccadilly Line]] (tube) and [[District Line]] (sub-surface) stations, the platform is a compromise.

"Mind the gap" is played at [[Central Line]] platforms at [[Bank and Monument stations|Bank]] and [[Bakerloo Line]] platforms at [[Piccadilly Circus tube station|Piccadilly Circus]]. The markings on the platform edge usually line up with the doors on the cars. This can be useful when catching trains.

While the message is often played on some lines over the platform's [[public address]] system, it is becoming more common as an arrival message inside the train itself: "Please mind the gap between the train and the platform."

==Origin of the phrase==
[[Image:Mind-the-gap-toronto.jpg|thumb|"Mind the gap" sign at a [[Toronto subway and RT|Toronto subway]] station]]

The phrase "mind the gap" was coined around 1968 for a planned automated announcement after it had become impractical for drivers and station attendants to warn passengers. The Underground chose [[digital recording]] using [[solid state (electronics)|solid state]] equipment with no moving parts. As [[Computer memory|storage]] capacity was expensive, the phrase had to be short. A short warning was also easier to write on the platform.

The equipment was supplied by [[AEG]] [[Telefunken]]. According to the ''[[Independent on Sunday]]'', sound engineer Peter Lodge, who owned Redan Recorders in Bayswater, working with a Scottish Telefunken engineer, recorded an actor reading "mind the gap" and "stand clear of the doors please", but the actor insisted on [[royalties]] and the phrases had to be re-recorded. Lodge read the phrases to line up the recording equipment for level and those were used.<ref>http://www.gradewinner.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_200312/ai_n12746493</ref>

While Lodge's recording is still in use, some lines use other recordings. One was recorded by Manchester voice artist [[Emma Clarke]]. Others, on the Piccadilly line, are by [[Tim Bentinck]], who plays David Archer in ''[[The Archers]]''.

== The phrase worldwide ==
[[Image:Metro North gap sign.jpg|thumb|left|"Watch the gap" variant used on [[Metro-North Railroad|Metro-North]] in New York]]

"Mind the gap" is used by transit systems worldwide, but most new systems avoid stations on curves.

*The French version, ''Attention a la marche'' ("Watch the step"), is occasionally written on signals on the platforms in the [[Paris Métro]].

*In [[Hong Kong]]'s [[MTR]], the phrase is announced in three languages, namely, Cantonese, English and Mandarin Putonghua.
* In [[Singapore]]'s [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|MRT]], the phrase is used in announcements in four languages (English, Mandarin, Tamil and Malay) and on signs in stations.
*The phrase can be heard in [[New Delhi Metro]] in two languages (English and [[Hindi]]).
*It can be heard at the [[Athens Metro]] as well. In [[Stockholm]]'s [[tunnelbana]] and on [[Stockholm commuter rail]]'s stations two versions can be heard: "Tänk på avståndet mellan vagn och platform när du stiger av" and "...när du stiger på", meaning "mind the distance between carriage and platform when you exit", "...when you enter", respectively.
*The [[Tianjin Metro]] uses the phrase extensively: stickers on train doors, platforms and announcements mention the gap (as well as to "mind the gap") in both English and Chinese. (The Chinese phrase is 小心站台空隙.) Some Tianjin Metro stations are on slight curves. The [[Beijing Subway]] uses ''Mind the Gaps'' (note the plural). (In the recently-opened Line 4, the phrase has gained more prominence, being played in the station every time a train comes in and, in some trains, every time before arriving at a stop.) Both the [[Shanghai Metro]] and the [[Nanjing Metro]] use versions with slightly mutilated grammar ("Caution, Gap" and "Care the Gap", respectively, although the Chinese is the same).{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}
*In early 2009 the phrase was also being used on [[King County Metro|Metro Transit (King County)]] buses in and around [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] <ref>http://www.flickr.com/photos/four12/3240555536/</ref>.
*At the stations of the [[São Paulo Metro]] and [[CPTM]] in [[Sao Paulo]], [[Brazil]] the sentence that can be heard is "cuidado com o vão entre o trem e a plataforma" (beware the gap between the train and the platform).
*At almost all stations of [[SuperVia]], Rio de Janeiro suburban trains, the driver speaks "observe o espaço entre o trem e a plataforma", and sometimes "observe o desnível entre o trem e a plataforma" (beware the level difference between the train and the platform).
*At [[Rio de Janeiro Metro]], the sentence "Observe atentamente o espaço entre o trem e a plataforma - Mind the gap" also can be heard.
*The [[New York City]]-area [[Long Island Rail Road]] and [[Metro-North Railroad|Metro-North]] use signs that read "watch the gap" on trains and platforms, particularly after the falling of passengers on the LIRR mainline.
*Due to reports of people falling through the gap, a warning is now played at every station and with automated announcements on board the trains on LIRR and MNRR.
*The [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York)|MTA]], which operates both railroads, retained New York personalities including [[Maria Bartiromo]] and [[Al Roker]] to recite the slogan.
*It is also used on the [[New York City subway]] and the [[Staten Island Railway]] - on trains and platforms, and in conductor announcements.
*Plaques on [[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]] subway platforms in [[Toronto]] warn riders to "mind the gap".
*On most [[Sydney]] [[CityRail]] stations, there is an automated announcement reminding passengers to mind the gap as well as posters informing riders about the number of people who fall down the gap each year.
*On the [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System]], a pre-recorded message is played at certain stations reminding passengers to "watch your step and watch the gap between the train and the platform as you get on and off the train". This is simplified in its [[Filipino language|Filipino]] translation, which simply reminds passengers to be careful in boarding and alighting the train.
*On the [[Berlin U-Bahn]] the phrase "Bitte beachten sie beim Aussteigen die Lücke zwischen Zug und Bahnsteigkante" (please mind the gap between train and platform edge when deboarding) is used, followed by the English "mind the gap between train and platform".
*On the [[Madrid Metro]], a recorded warning message can be heard indside the trains when approaching a station with curved platforms: "''Atención: estación en curva. Tenga cuidado para no introducir el pie entre coche y andén''" (Warning: curved station. Please be careful not to introduce your foot between the train and the platform). No warning messages are heard when arriving at a station with straight platforms.

==Other uses==
[[Image:Mind-door-wik.jpg‎|thumb|left| Mind the gap doormat]]
Despite its origin as a utilitarian safety warning, ''mind the gap'' has become a [[Cliché|stock phrase]], and is used in many other contexts having nothing to do with subway safety. For example, it has been used as the title of at least two music albums by [[Mind the Gap (Scooter album)|Scooter]] and [[Mind the Gap (Tristan Psionic album)|Tristan Psionic]], a [[Mind The Gap (2004 film)|film]], and a novel, as the name of a [[Mind The Gap Films|movie production company]], and a theatre company. It also is used in the video games [[Portal (video game)|Portal]], [[Halo 2]], and [[VVVVVV]]. In the song 'Bingo' by [[Madness (band)|Madness]], this phrase is also used during the beginning in the song. In Metal Gear Solid 2, the AI Colonel says this quote when the virus damages the AI, George Washington (GW) and goes completely random. In [[Fable 2]] one of the headstones outside of Lady Gray's crypt notes that an individual did not mind the gap. It was a prominent utterance by the subterranean cannibal killer of the 1972 movie ''[[Death Line]]''<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068458/</ref>. The phrase is also featured in the soundtrack of the game "Timesplitters: Future Perfect" in the Subway level. <ref>http://search.ign.com/products?query=timesplitters:%20future%20perfect&sort=relevance&so=exact&ns=true&genNav=true</ref>

== See also==
*[[Objects in mirror are closer than they appear]], another safety warning that has become a cultural reference.

== References ==

{{refs}}

== External links ==

{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.emmaclarke.com/voiceover-demos/london-underground Emma Clarke with demos of her LU announcements]
* [http://www.emmaclarke.com/fun/mind-the-gap/spoof-london-underground-announcements Emma Clarke with spoof LU announcements]
* [http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117932635.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 "Mind the Gap" film]
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/09/09/sm_sanditoksvig.xml "Daily Telegraph" article by Sandi Toksvig which mentions "Mind the Gap"] - accessed Sep 2007

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mind The Gap}}
[[Category:English phrases]]
[[Category:London words]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:London Underground in popular culture]]

[[es:Mind the gap]]
[[fr:Mind the gap]]
[[ko:Mind the gap]]
[[it:Mind the gap]]
[[pt:Mind the Gap]]
[[th:Mind the gap]]

Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office

2010-05-02T21:05:06Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 359656593 by 74.83.126.88 (talk) - not directly related here

{|class="infobox" style="width:20.5em; text-align:center; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; padding:0em 0em 0em 0em; border:1px solid silver"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: 170%;" | '''Chief Mouser'''
|-
|colspan="2" style="padding:0; font-family:serif; font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:90%; line-height:110%; color:rgb(255, 255, 255); background:rgb(0, 128, 0);"| British Politics
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"| [[File:Her Majesty's Government Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] '''Arms of [[Her Majesty's Government|HM Government]]'''
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Image:Sybil the cat.jpg|118px|]]
|-
| colspan="2"| Most recent: [[Sybil (cat)|Sybil]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"|
|-
! Residence
| [[10 Downing Street|10 Downing St]], [[London]], [[UK]]
|-
! First Chief Mouser
| Treasury Bill
|-
! Formation
| 1924
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"|
|}

The '''Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office''' is the unofficial title of the [[official residence|official resident]] [[cat]] of the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] at [[10 Downing Street]]. Only one cat was given the title officially;<ref>{{cite news |title=Purr-fect ending fur Humphrey! |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/34455.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=25 November 1997 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref> the other cats are given this title affectionately, usually by the British press. There has been a resident [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] or [[Downing Street]] cat "employed" as a [[wiktionary:mouser|mouser]] and pet since the reign of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Caroline |last=Davies |title=More questions over how No 10 handled the kitty |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/11/24/nmog124.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher= |date=24 November 1997 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref> although official records released into the public domain on 4 January 2005 as part of the [[Freedom of Information Act 2000]] only date back to 3 June 1929,<ref name="list">{{cite news |title=Home Office cat history revealed |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4143423.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref><ref name="file">{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=1835842 |title=The official Home Office cat |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=1929–1976 |work=[[HM Government]] |publisher=[[The National Archives]] }}</ref> when AE Banham at the Treasury authorised the Office Keeper "to spend 1[[old penny sterling|d]] a day from [[petty cash]] towards the maintenance of an efficient cat".<ref name="Metro">{{cite news |title=Tale of Home Office cat |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/weird/article.html?in_article_id=6981&in |work=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|Metro]] |publisher=[[Associated Newspapers]] |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref> In April 1932, his weekly allowance was upped to 1[[Shilling|s]] 6d. By the 21st century, the mouser was costing [[Pound sterling|£]]100 per annum.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Millward |title=Humphrey... the Downing Street dossier |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/03/14/ndoss14.xml |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=15 March 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref>

As the cats are "employed" as civil servants,<ref>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Fenton |title=The official Home Office cat |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/01/04/nfoi404.xml |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref> they do not belong to the Prime Minister in residence and it is rare for the Chief Mouser's "term of office" to coincide with that of the Prime Minister. The cat with the longest tenure at Downing Street is Wilberforce, who served under [[Edward Heath]], [[Harold Wilson]], [[Jim Callaghan]] and [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The post is currently vacant following the departure of the last incumbent, Sybil, in January 2009. Sybil, who began her tenure on 11 September 2007, was the first mouser for ten years following the retirement of her predecessor [[Humphrey (cat)|Humphrey]] in 1997. Sybil was owned by the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Alistair Darling]], who lives in 10 Downing Street while the incumbent Prime Minister, [[Gordon Brown]], lives in the larger [[11 Downing Street]].<ref>{{cite news |title=No. 10 has its first cat since Humphrey |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSGOR14568220070912?feedType=RSS&feedName=oddlyEnoughNews&rpc=22&sp=true |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=12 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Assinder |last=Nick |title=No 10 gets new feline first lady |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6989055.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=12 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008 }}</ref> It was reported that she did not settle in London, and returned to Scotland to live with a friend of the Darlings.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Country Life for the No. 10 Cat |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1132039/A-country-life-No-10-cat.html |work=[[The Daily Mail]] |date=30 January 2009 |accessdate=29 July 2009 }}</ref> Sybil died 27 July 2009.<ref name="Herald">{{cite news |first=Torcuil |last=Crichton |title=Darling’s cat Sybil dies after a short illness |url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/politics/news/display.var.2522637.0.Darlings_cat_Sybil_dies_after_a_short_illness.php |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |date=29 July 2009 |accessdate=29 July 2009 }}</ref><ref name="SybilInde">{{cite news |first=Andy |last=McSmith |title=Farewell to the original New Labour cat |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/farewell-to-the-original-new-labour-cat-1764021.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=29 July 2009 |accessdate=29 July 2009 }}</ref>

==List of cats==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;
|-
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Name
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Began tenure
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Ended tenure
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Prime Minister(s)
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Refs
|-
| align="center"| Treasury Bill
| align="center" colspan="2"| 1924
| [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldandsold.com/articles02/cats34.shtml |title=Employed Cats and Their Pay |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=1936 |work=note: reprint |publisher=OldAndSold.com}} • {{cite web |url=http://www.messybeast.com/retro-1920.htm |title=EMPLOYED CATS AND THEIR PAY |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=1936 |work=note: reprint |publisher=messybeast.com}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| Peter
| align="center"| [[floruit|fl.]] 1929
| align="center"| 1946
| [[Stanley Baldwin]], Ramsay MacDonald, [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[Winston Churchill]], [[Clement Attlee]]
| align="center"|<ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Munich Mouser
| align="center"| 1937–1940
| align="center"| 1943
| Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite book |title=Churchill's War Volume II: Triumph in Adversity |author=Irving, David |year=2001 |publisher=Focal Point Publications |isbn=1-872-19715-9 |page=833}}</ref><ref name="FH110">{{cite journal |title=Riddles, Mysteries, Enigmas |journal=Finest Hour |issue=110 |date=Spring 2001 |publisher=The Churchill Centre}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| Nelson
| colspan="2" align="center"| 1940s
| Winston Churchill
| align="center"|<ref name="FH110" /><ref>{{cite journal |title=Riddles, Mysteries, Enigmas |journal=Finest Hour |issue=109 |date=Winter 2000–2001 |publisher=The Churchill Centre}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| Peter II
| align="center"| 1946
| align="center"| 1948
| Clement Attlee
| align="center"|<ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Peter
| align="center"| 1948
| align="center"| 1964
| Clement Attlee, Winston Churchill, [[Anthony Eden]], [[Harold Macmillan]], [[Alec Douglas-Home]]
| align="center"|<ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Peta
| align="center"| 1964
| align="center"| [[circa|ca.]] 1978
| Alec Douglas-Home, [[Harold Wilson]], [[Edward Heath]]
| align="center"|<ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| [[Wilberforce (cat)|Wilberforce]]
| align="center"| 1970
| align="center"| 1988
| Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, [[Jim Callaghan]], [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |first=Jane |last=Merrick |title=Ten years after the Humphrey hoo-ha, a cat returns to Downing Street |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=481206&in_page_id=1770&ito=1490 |work=[[The Daily Mail]] |publisher=Associated Newspapers |date=11 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[Humphrey (cat)|Humphrey]]
| align="center"| 1989
| align="center"| 1997
| Margaret Thatcher, [[John Major]], [[Tony Blair]]
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/upload/assets/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/foi/humphrey_cat.pdf |title=Humphrey the Cat |accessdate=12 March 2008 |format=PDF |work=HM Government |publisher=[[Cabinet Office]] }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[Sybil (cat)|Sybil]]
| align="center"| 2007
| align="center"| 2009
| [[Gordon Brown]]
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page13158.asp |title=Morning press briefing from 11 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=11 September 2007 |work=[[10 Downing Street]] |publisher=HM Government }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page13147.asp |title=Number 10 welcomes new resident |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=11 September 2007 |work=10 Downing Street |publisher=HM Government }}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Canadian Parliamentary Cats]]
* [[List of United States Presidential pets]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Brawn |first=David |title=A Day in the Life of Humphrey the Downing Street Cat |year=1995 |month=December |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=0-004-71000-2 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/peter.html |title=Peter, the British Home Office Cat(s) |accessdate=2008-03-12 |last=Roberts |first=Patrick |work=Purr 'n' Fur }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/humphrey.html |title=Downing Street Cats Sybil, Humphrey and Wilberforce |accessdate=2008-03-12 |last=Roberts |first=Patrick |work=Purr 'n' Fur }}

==External links==
* [http://www.pm.gov.uk/ 10 Downing Street]

{{featured list}}

[[Category:Famous cats]]
[[Category:Animals in politics]]
[[Category:Political history of the United Kingdom]]

[[fr:Liste des chats du 10 Downing Street]]
[[no:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office]]

Adam Gopnik

2010-04-02T21:55:34Z

Quiddity: partial cleanup, details, add book

'''Adam Gopnik''', (born August 24, 1956) is an [[U.S.|American]] [[writer]], [[essayist]] and [[Pundit (expert)|commentator]]. He is best known as a staff writer for ''[[The New Yorker]]''—to which he has contributed non-fiction, fiction, memoir and criticism<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Contributors: Adam Gopnik |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/adam_gopnik/search?contributorName=adam%20gopnik |publisher=''[[The New Yorker]]''|date=|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref>—and as the author of the essay collection ''[[Paris to the Moon]]'', an account of the half-decade that Gopnik, his wife Martha, and son Luke, spent in the French capital.

==Background and education==
Adam Gopnik was born in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], but was raised in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. Gopnik's parents, Irwin and [[Myrna Gopnik]], served as professors at [[McGill University]], from which Gopnik received his Bachelor of Arts degree. He completed graduate work at the [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]].<ref>[http://www.caneelbay.com/hottype Biography - Adam Gopnik]</ref>

==Career==
===Early years===
In 1986, Gopnik began his long professional association with ''[[The New Yorker]]'' with a piece that would show his future range, a consideration of connections between baseball, childhood, and Renaissance art. He has written for four editors at the magazine: [[William Shawn]], [[Robert Gottlieb]], [[Tina Brown]], and [[David Remnick]].

===Paris and "Paris Journal"===
In 1995, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' dispatched him to [[Paris]] to write the "Paris Journals", in which he described life in that city. These essays were later collected and published by [[Random House]] in ''[[Paris to the Moon]]'', after Gopnik returned to [[New York City]] in 2000. The book became a ''[[New York Times]]'' bestseller.

===Interest in Arts===
Gopnik studied art history and with his friend [[Kirk Varnedoe]] curated the famous 1990 ''High/Low'' show at New York's [[Museum of Modern Art]]. He later wrote an article for Search Magazine on the connection between religion and art and the compatibility of Christianity and Darwinism. He states in the article that the arts of human history are products of religious thought and that human conduct is not guaranteed by religion or secularism.<ref>http://www.searchmagazine.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/2009%20March-April/full-ongodgopnik.html</ref>

==Personal life==
Gopnik lives in New York with his wife, Martha Parker, and two children, Luke and Olivia. His five siblings include Blake Gopnik, the ''[[Washington Post]]'' art critic, and [[Alison Gopnik]], a leading child psychologist and Professor of Psychology at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] (author of ''The Scientist in the Crib'', UK title: ''How Babies Think'').

==Books==
In addition to 2000's ''Paris to the Moon,'' Random House also published the author's reflections on life in New York, and particularly on the comedy of parenting, ''Through the Children's Gate,'' in 2006. (As in the earlier memoir, much of the material had appeared previously in ''The New Yorker''.) In 2005 [[Hyperion Books]] published his children's novel ''[[The King in the Window]]'', about Oliver, an American boy living in [[Paris]], who is mistaken for a mystical king and stumbles upon an ancient battle waged between Window Wraiths and the malicious Master of Mirrors. A book on [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Charles Darwin]], called ''Angels And Ages,'' was published in January 2009. A new novel for children, ''The Steps Across The Water'', is set to be published on October 12, 2010.

==Honors and appearances==
A frequent guest on ''[[Charlie Rose]]'', Gopnik has been honored with three [[National Magazine Awards]] for [[Essay]] and [[Criticism]], and a [[George Polk Award]] for Magazine Reporting. His entry on the [[culture]] of the [[United States]] is featured in the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.

Adam Gopnik recently wrote and presented [[BBC Four]]'s ''[[Lighting Up New York]]'', a cultural journey through the recent history of [[New York]].

Adam Gopnik is the 11th annual recipient of the Westport Public Library's Booked for the Evening award. Previous award winners include Tom Brokaw, E.L. Doctorow, Calvin Trillin, Wendy Wasserstein, Pete Hamill, Martin Scorsese, Arthur Mitchell, Doris Kearns Goodwin, David Halberstam, and Oscar Hijuelos. Booked for the EveningTM is the Westport Public Library's annual gala fund raising event. The Library awards an honoree whose work reflects the purpose of the Library—to nurture the love of learning and to enhance our understanding of the world. The funds raised enable the Library to continue to serve as a major community center for the 1600 people a day who walk through its doors.

Gopnik also participates as a member of the Jury for the [[NYICFF]], a local New York City Film Festival dedicated to screening films for children between the ages of 3 and 18.<ref>[http://gkids.com/?section=jury NYICFF Jury]</ref>

== Works ==
=== Books ===
* ''Paris to the Moon'' (2000), ISBN 0-375-75823-2. [http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/1200/gopnik/excerpt.html excerpt]
* (editor) ''Americans in Paris: A Literary Anthology'' (2004), ISBN 1-931082-56-1
* ''The King in the Window'' (2005)
* ''Through the Children's Gate: A Home in New York'' (2006), ISBN 978-1-4000-4181-7. [http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400041817&view=excerpt excerpt]
* ''Angels and Ages: A Short Book About Darwin, Lincoln, and Modern Life'' (2009), ISBN 978-0-307-27078-8

=== Articles ===
*{{cite journal |last=Gopnik |first=Adam |authorlink= |date=28 September 2009|title=Talk of the Town: Comment: Read All About It |journal=[[The New Yorker]] |volume=85 |issue=30 |pages=21-22 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2009/09/28/090928taco_talk_gopnik |accessdate=22 February 2010 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Gopnik |first=Adam |authorlink= |date=2 April 2010|title=No Rules!: Is Le Fooding more than a feeling? |journal=[[The New Yorker]] |volume= |issue= |pages= |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/04/05/100405fa_fact_gopnik |accessdate=2 April 2010 }}

== References ==
<references/>
* [http://www.identitytheory.com/people/birnbaum7.html Adam Gopnik interview] at [[Identity Theory (webzine)|Identity Theory]]. 2001.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopnik, Adam}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:American children's writers]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:American essayists]]
[[Category:American journalists]]
[[Category:American novelists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:McGill University alumni]]
[[Category:The New Yorker people]]
[[Category:New Yorker staff writers]]
[[Category:New Yorker critics]]

Celia Birtwell

2010-02-23T19:26:00Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 342717789 by Mefio (talk)

'''Celia Birtwell''' (born 1941) is a [[textile]] [[fashion designer|designer]] known for her destinctive bold, romantic and feminine designs, which draw influences from Picasso, Matisse and from the classical world. She was particularly famous in the 1960s and 1970s for prints which epitomised the glamour of the [[hippie]] era. She has been described as 'the face that launched a thousand prints' and 'the most important textile designer of her generation'. After a period away from the limelight, in the 21st century she has returned to fashion.

==Early life==
Born in [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]], [[Lancashire]], she studied textile design in [[Manchester]], where in 1959 she met the fashion designer [[Ossie Clark]], whom she married in 1969.

==Ossie Clark==
Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark's was an almost perfect marriage of style, and their work together helped define the era. The collaboration began with a 1966 collection for the ''Quorum'' boutique in London, which they shared with the designer [[Alice Pollock]]. It was the Clarks who began the modern catwalk show: the previous procession of modelled clothes was put to music, the London [[glitterati]] were invited, and the shows became events. Birtwell worked at home designing textiles for Clark, who would use his skill in cutting and understanding of form, together with her knowledge of fabrics and textures to produce haute couture for the emerging '60s culture. This included work for the [[Rolling Stones]] and [[Beatles]], [[Jimi Hendrix]] and [[Pink Floyd]], as well as [[Pattie Boyd]], [[Marianne Faithfull]], [[Bianca Jagger]], [[Verushka]], [[Paloma Picasso]], [[Talitha Getty]] and numerous other celebrities.

She has been a muse for the painter [[David Hockney]] since 1968, and features in his 1970 painting ''[[Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy]]'', one of Hockney's most celebrated and one of the most viewed paintings in the [[Tate Britain]] gallery. In 2005, it featured on the ''[[Today (BBC Radio 4)|Today]]'' programme's shortlist of the '[[Greatest Painting in Britain Vote|Greatest Painting in Britain]]'. They had two children together, Albert (born 1969) and George (born 1971), but their private relationship could not match their professional, and they divorced in 1974 due to Clark's hedonistic lifestyle and his homosexual relationships.

==Interiors and furnishing fabric==
After the break-up of her marriage, Birtwell continued in fashion, designing for the Radley label for a time, until in 1984 she set up a shop on Westbourne Park Road in [[Bayswater]], selling fabrics for the home. Again she built up a reputation for innovative and witty design. Her first success came with her own take on a 16th century animal print she called ‘Animal Solo’, followed later by the first, and much copied, white on white [[voile]] and [[muslin]] fabrics. These fabrics are now to be seen in many homes, hotels and public spaces, including [[Claridge's]] and The Lanesbourough Hotels in London, The Grand Hotel, Leeds, and the Dubai Hilton.

==Recent work==
In 2005, it was announced that she would design clothing for the high street chain [[Topshop]], beginning with Spring/Summer 2006. Her first collection was a huge success, selling out within minutes of the shops opening. In April 2008, Celia designed a limited collection for American fashion retailer [[Express (store)|Express]]. In 2008, [[Millets]] launched a camping and outdoor footwear and clothing range designed by Celia Birtwell. New lines were added to the range for Summer 2009.

==External links==
* {{cite web |publisher= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
|url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1250_ossieclark/designs/celiabirtwell/
|title= Sketches by Celia Birtwell
|accessdate= 2007-06-16 }}
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/nov/30/fashion-andre-3000-celia-birtwell How we get dressed, the Guardian]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/britishstylegenius/content/21930.shtml BBC British Style Genius series, Style Icon]
* [http://www.celiabirtwellfortopshop.com/ Celia Birtwell 2006 collection]
* [http://www.millets.co.uk/browse/keywords/celia_birtwell.html Celia Birtwell at Millets]
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1996/09/14/efozzy14.html Boys, men, women - my life with Ossie, 1996 Interview]
{{Commonscat|Celia Birtwell}}

{{Textile designers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Birtwell, Celia}}
[[Category:Textile designers]]
[[Category:English fashion designers]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Salford]]

MacArthur Fellowship

2010-02-19T05:55:09Z

Quiddity: Reverted to revision 343405230 by AMuseo; rvv.

The '''MacArthur Fellows Program''' or '''MacArthur Fellowship''' ([[nickname]]d the '''Genius Award''') is an award given by the [[John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation]] each year to typically 20 to 40 [[United States citizens]] or residents, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced [[creative work]]."

According to the Foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential." The current amount of the award is $500,000, paid as quarterly installments over five years. {{As of|2007}}, there have been 756 recipients who have received a total of more than $350 million.

The Fellowship has no application. People are nominated anonymously by a body of nominators who submit recommendations to a small selection committee of about a dozen people, also anonymous. The committee then reviews every nominee and passes along their recommendations to the President and the [[board of directors]]. Most new MacArthur Fellows first learn that they have even been considered when they receive the congratulatory phone call. An editorial published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by MacArthur Fellow [[James Collins (Boston University)|James Collins]] describes the experience. <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/opinion/19collins.html| title=It Isn't Easy Being a Genius| author= JIM COLLINS| date=September 19, 2005| work=The New York Times }}</ref>

==List of MacArthur Fellows==
MacArthur Fellows organized by the year of their awards:

===1981===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[A. R. Ammons]], poet
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], poet
*[[Gregory Chudnovsky|Gregory V. Chudnovsky]], mathematician
*[[Robert Coles]], child psychiatrist
*[[Shelly Errington]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]], literary critic
*[[Michael Ghiselin]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]], paleontology
*[[Ian Graham]], archaeologist
*[[John Imbrie]], climatologist
*[[Elma Lewis]], arts educator
*[[James Alan McPherson]], novelist, writer
*[[Roy Mottahedeh|Roy P. Mottahedeh]], historian
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], physicist
*[[Robert Root-Bernstein]], biologist and historian of science
*[[Lawrence Rosen (anthropologist)|Lawrence Rosen]], attorney and anthropologist
*[[Carl E. Schorske]], intellectual historian
*[[Leslie Marmon Silko]], writer
*[[Derek Walcott]], poet and playwright
*[[Robert Penn Warren]], poet, writer, and literary critic
*[[Stephen Wolfram]], computer scientist and physicist<ref name = "Fellows81">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142675/k.24F6/Fellows_List__June_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows June 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*[[John Cairns (biochemist)|John Cairns]], molecular biologist
*[[Joel E. Cohen]], population biologist
*[[Richard Critchfield]], essayist
*[[Howard Gardner]], psychologist
*[[John Gaventa]], sociologist
*[[David Hawkins]], philosopher
*[[John P. Holdren]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[Ada Louise Huxtable]], architectural critic and historian
*[[Robert Kates]], geographer
*[[Raphael Carl Lee]], surgeon
*[[Cormac McCarthy]], writer
*[[Barbara McClintock]], geneticist
*[[Richard C. Mulligan]], molecular biologist
*[[Elaine Pagels|Elaine H. Pagels]], historian of religion
*[[David Pingree]], Historian of Science
*[[Paul G. Richards]], seismologist
*[[Richard Rorty]], philosopher
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]], astrophysicist
*[[Michael Woodford (economist)|Michael Woodford]], economist
*[[George Zweig]], physicist and neurobiologist<ref name = "Fellows81b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139463/k.738A/Fellows_List__December_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows December 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1982===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Fouad Ajami]], political scientist
*[[Charles Bigelow (type designer)|Charles A. Bigelow]], graphic designer
*[[Peter Robert Lamont Brown]], historian
*[[Robert Darnton]], European historian
*[[Persi Diaconis]], statistician
*[[William Gaddis]], novelist
*[[Ved Mehta]], writer
*[[Robert Parris Moses]], educator and philosopher
*[[Richard A. Muller]], geologist and astrophysicist
*[[Conlon Nancarrow]], composer
{{col-break}}
*[[Alfonso Ortiz]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Francesca Rochberg]], Assyriologist and historian of science
*[[Charles Sabel]], political scientist and legal scholar
*[[Ralph Shapey]], composer and conductor
*[[Michael Silverstein]], linguist
*[[Randolph Whitfield, Jr]], ophthalmologist
*[[Frank Wilczek]], physicist
*[[Frederick Wiseman]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Edward Witten]], physicist. Creator of the M-Theory <ref name = "Fellows82">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139465/k.79DA/Fellows_List__August_1982.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1982|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1983===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[R. Stephen Berry]], physical chemist
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian of Africa
*[[William H. Durham]], biological anthropologist
*[[Bradley Efron]], statistician
*[[David L. Felten]], neuroscientist
*[[Shelomo Dov Goitein]], medieval historian
*[[Ramón A. Gutiérrez]], historian
*[[Bela Julesz]], psychologist
*[[William Kennedy (author)|William Kennedy]], novelist
*[[Leszek Kołakowski]], historian of philosophy and religion
*[[Brad Leithauser]], poet and writer
*[[Lawrence W. Levine]], historian
*[[Ralph Manheim]], translator
*[[Charles S. Peskin]], mathematician and physiologist
*[[Julia Robinson]], mathematician
*[[John Sayles]], filmmaker and writer
*[[Peter Sellars]], theater and opera director
{{col-break}}
*[[Adrian Wilson (book designer)]], book designer, printer, and historian of the book
*[[Irene J. Winter]], art historian and archaeologist
*[[Mark S. Wrighton]], chemist<ref name = "Fellows83">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142677/k.7B61/Fellows_List__February_1983.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows February 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Seweryn Bialer]], political scientist
*[[William C. Clark]], ecologist and environmental policy analyst
*[[Randall W. Forsberg]], political scientist and arms control strategist
*[[Alexander L. George]], political scientist
*[[Mott T. Greene]], historian of science
*[[John J. Hopfield]], physicist and biologist
*[[Sylvia A. Law]], human rights lawyer
*[[Robert K. Merton]], historian and sociologist of science
*[[Walter F. Morris, Jr.]], cultural preservationist
*[[A.K. Ramanujan]], poet, translator, and literary scholar
*[[Alice M. Rivlin]], economist and policy analyst
*[[Richard M. Schoen]], mathematician
*[[Karen K. Uhlenbeck]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows83b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/pp.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=1139467&printmode=1|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>

{{col-end}}

===1984===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[George W. Archibald]], ornithologist
*[[Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.]], community organizer
*[[Robert Hass]], poet, critic, and translator
*[[Robert Irwin (artist)|Robert Irwin]], painter and installation artist
*[[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]], novelist and screenwriter
*[[Paul Oskar Kristeller]], intellectual historian and philosopher
*[[Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot]], educator
*[[Heather Lechtman]], materials scientist and archaeologist
*[[Michael Lerner (environmentalist)]], public health leader
*[[Andrew W. Lewis]], medieval historian
*[[Arnold J. Mandell]], neuroscientist and psychiatrist
*[[Matthew Meselson]], geneticist and arms control analyst
*[[David R. Nelson]], physicist
*[[Michael Piore]], economist
*[[Judith N. Shklar]], political philosopher
*[[Charles Simic]], poet, translator, and essayist
*[[David Stuart (Mayanist)|David Stuart]], linguist and epigrapher
*[[John E. Toews]], intellectual historian
*[[James Turrell]], light sculptor
*[[Jay Weiss]], psychologist
*[[Carl R. Woese]], molecular biologist<ref name = "Fellows84">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142681/k.5724/Fellows_List__March_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows March 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Shelly Bernstein]], pediatric hematologist
*[[Peter J. Bickel]], statistician
{{col-break}}
*[[William Drayton (environmentalist)|William Drayton]], public service innovator
*[[Sidney Drell]], physicist and arms policy analyst
*[[Mitchell J. Feigenbaum]], mathematical physicist
*[[Michael H. Freedman]], mathematician
*[[Curtis G. Hames]], family physician
*[[Shirley Heath]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Bette Howland]], writer and literary critic
*[[Bill Irwin]], writer and performance artist
*[[Fritz John]], mathematician
*[[Galway Kinnell]], poet
*[[Henry Kraus]], art historian
*Peter Mathews, archaeologist and epigrapher
*[[Beaumont Newhall]], historian of photography
*[[Roger S. Payne]], zoologist and conservationist
*[[Edward V. Roberts]], civil rights leader
*[[Elliot Sperling]], Tibetan studies scholar
*[[Frank Sulloway]], psychologist (child birth-order research)
*[[Alar Toomre]], astronomer and mathematician
*[[Amos Tversky]], cognitive scientist
*[[J. Kirk Varnedoe]], art historian
*[[Bret Wallach]], geographer
*[[Arthur Winfree]], physiologist and mathematician
*[[Billie Young]], community development leader<ref name = "Fellows84b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142683/k.77C6/Fellows_List__November_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows November 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1985===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Joan Abrahamson]], community development leader
*[[John Ashbery]], poet
*[[John F. Benton]], medieval historian
*[[Harold Bloom]], literary critic
*[[Valery Chalidze]], physicist and human rights organizer
*[[William Cronon]], environmental historian
*[[Merce Cunningham]], choreographer
*[[Jared Diamond]], environmental historian and Geographer
*[[Marian Edelman]], Children's Defense Fund founder
*[[Morton Halperin]], political scientist
*[[Robert M. Hayes]], lawyer and human rights leader
*[[Edwin Hutchins]], cognitive scientist
*[[Sam Maloof]], Woodworker
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrew McGuire]], trauma prevention specialist
*[[Patrick Noonan]], conservationist
*[[George Oster]], mathematical biologist
*[[Thomas G. Palaima]], classicist
*[[Peter Raven]], botanist
*[[Jane S. Richardson]], biochemist
*[[Gregory Schopen]], historian of religion
*[[Franklin Stahl]], geneticist
*[[J. Richard Steffy]], nautical archaeologist
*[[Ellen Stewart]], theater director
*[[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]], choreographer, dance company founder
*[[Shing-Tung Yau]], mathematician <ref name = "Fellows85">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142689/k.2AE6/Fellows_List__July_1985.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1985|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1986===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Paul Adams (scientist)|Paul Adams]], neurobiologist
*[[Milton Babbitt]], composer
*[[Christopher Beckwith]], philologist
*[[Richard Benson]], photographer
*[[Lester R. Brown]], agricultural economist
*[[Caroline Bynum]], medieval historian
*[[William A. Christian]], historian of religion
*[[Nancy Farriss]], historian
*[[Benedict Gross]], mathematician
*[[Daryl Hine]], poet and translator
*[[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|John Robert Horner]], paleobiologist
*[[Thomas C. Joe]], social policy analyst
*[[David Keightley]], historian and sinologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Albert J. Libchaber]], physicist
*[[David C. Page]], molecular geneticist
*[[George Perle]], composer and music theorist
*[[James Randi]], educator
*[[David Rudovsky]], civil rights lawyer
*[[Robert Shapley]], neurophysiologist
*[[Leo Steinberg]], art historian
*[[Richard P. Turco]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Thomas Whiteside]], journalist
*[[Allan C. Wilson]], biochemist
*[[Jay Wright (poet)|Jay Wright]], poet and playwright
*[[Charles Wuorinen]], composer<ref name = "Fellows86">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142693/k.79E6/Fellows_List__August_1986.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1986|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1987===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Walter Abish]], writer
*[[Robert Axelrod]], political scientist
*[[Robert F. Coleman]], mathematician
*[[Douglas Crase]], poet
*[[Daniel Friedan]], physicist
*[[David Gross]], physicist
*[[Ira Herskowitz]], molecular geneticist
*[[Irving Howe]], literary and social critic
*[[Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.]], rural planner
*[[Peter Jeffery]], musicologist
*[[Horace Freeland Judson]], historian of science
*[[Stuart Alan Kauffman]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Richard Kenney]], poet
*[[Eric Lander]], geneticist and mathematician
*[[Michael C. Malin|Michael Malin]], geologist and planetary scientist
*[[Deborah W. Meier]], education reform leader
{{col-break}}
*[[Arnaldo Dante Momigliano]], historian
*[[David Mumford]], mathematician
*[[Tina Rosenberg]], journalist
*[[David Rumelhart]], cognitive scientist and psychologist
*[[Robert Morris Sapolsky]], neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
*[[Meyer Schapiro]], art historian
*[[John H. Schwarz]], physicist
*[[Jon Seger]], evolutionary ecologist
*[[Stephen Shenker]], physicist
*[[David Dean Shulman]], historian of religion
*[[Muriel S. Snowden]], community organizer
*[[Mark Strand]], poet and writer
*[[May Swenson]], poet
*[[Huynh Sanh Thong]], translator and editor
*[[William Julius Wilson]], sociologist
*[[Richard Wrangham]], primate ethologist<ref name = "Fellows87">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142695/k.2A0E/Fellows_List__July_1987.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1987|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1988===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Charles Archambeau]], geophysicist
*[[Michael Baxandall]], art historian
*[[Ruth Behar]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Ran Blake]], composer and pianist
*[[Charles Burnett (director)|Charles Burnett]], filmmaker
*[[Philip James DeVries]], insect biologist
*[[Andre Dubus]], writer
*[[Helen T. Edwards]], physicist
*[[Jon H. Else]], documentary filmmaker
*[[John G. Fleagle]], primatologist and paleontologist
*[[Cornell H. Fleischer]], Middle Eastern historian
*[[Getatchew Haile]], philologist and linguist
*[[Raymond Jeanloz]], geophysicist
*[[Marvin Phillip Kahl]], zoologist
*[[Naomi Pierce]], biologist
*[[Thomas Pynchon]], novelist
*[[Stephen J. Pyne]], environmental historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Max Roach]], percussionist and jazz composer
*[[Paul Roldan|Hipolito (Paul) Roldan]], community developer
*[[Anna Curtenius Roosevelt]], archaeologist
*[[David Alan Rosenberg]], military historian
*[[Susan Irene Rotroff]], archaeologist
*[[Bruce Schwartz]], figurative sculptor and puppeteer
*[[Robert Shaw (physicist)|Robert Shaw]], physicist
*[[Jonathan Spence]], historian
*[[Noel Swerdlow|Noel M. Swerdlow]], historian of science
*[[Gary A. Tomlinson]], musicologist
*[[Alan Walker (academic)|Alan Walker]], paleontologist
*[[Eddie Williams]], policy analyst and civil rights leader
*[[Rita P. Wright]], archaeologist
*[[Garth Youngberg]], agriculturalist<ref name = "Fellows88">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142699/k.7B86/Fellows_List__August_1988.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1988|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1989===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anthony Amsterdam]], attorney and legal scholar
*[[Byllye Avery]], women's healthcare leader
*[[Alvin Bronstein]], human rights lawyer
*[[Leo Buss]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Jay Cantor]], writer
*George Davis, environmental policy analyst
*[[Allen Grossman]], poet
*[[John Harbison]], composer and conductor
*[[Keith Hefner (activist)|Keith Hefner]], journalist and educator
*[[Ralf Hotchkiss]], rehabilitation engineer
*[[John Rice Irwin]], curator and cultural preservationist
*[[Daniel Janzen]], ecologist
*[[Bernice Johnson Reagon]], music historian, composer, and vocalist
*[[Aaron Lansky]], cultural preservationist
*[[Jennifer Moody]], archaeologist and anthropologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Errol Morris]], filmmaker
*[[Vivian Paley]], educator and writer
*[[Richard Powers]], novelist
*[[Martin Puryear]], sculptor
*[[Theodore Rosengarten]], historian
*[[Margaret W. Rossiter]], historian of science
*[[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]], composer and music theorist
*[[Pam Solo]], arms control analyst
*[[Ellendea Proffer Teasley]], translator and publisher
*[[Claire Van Vliet]], book artist
*[[Baldemar Velasquez]], farm labor leader
*[[Bill Viola]], video artist
*[[Eliot Wigginton]], educator
*[[Patricia Wright]], primatologist <ref name = "Fellows89">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142701/k.7886/Fellows_List__August_1989.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1989|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1990===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[John Christian Bailar]], biostatistician
*[[Martha Clarke]], theater director
*[[Jacques d'Amboise]], dance educator
*[[Guy Davenport]], writer and critic
*[[Lisa Delpit]], education reform leader
*[[John Eaton (composer)|John Eaton]], composer
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]], population biologist
*[[Charlotte Erickson]], historian
*[[Lee Friedlander]], photographer
*[[Margaret Geller]], astrophysicist
*[[Jorie Graham]], poet
*[[Patricia Hampl]], writer
*[[John Hollander]], poet and literary critic
*[[Thomas Cleveland Holt]], social and cultural historian
*[[David Kazhdan]], mathematician
*[[Calvin King]], land and farm development specialist
*[[M. A. R. Koehl]], marine biologist
*[[Nancy Kopell]], mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Michael Moschen]], performance artist
*[[Gary Nabhan]], ethnobotanist
*[[Sherry Ortner]], anthropologist
*[[Otis Pitts]], community development leader
*[[Yvonne Rainer]], filmmaker and choreographer
*[[Michael Schudson]], sociologist
*[[Rebecca J. Scott]], historian
*[[Marc Shell]], scholar
*[[Susan Sontag]], writer and cultural critic
*[[Richard Stallman]], Free Software Foundation founder, [[Copyleft]] concept inventor
*[[Guy Tudor]], conservationist
*[[Maria Varela]], community development leader
*[[Gregory Vlastos]], classicist and philosopher
*[[Kent Whealy]], preservationist
*[[Eric Wolf]], anthropologist
*[[Sidney Wolfe]], physician
*[[Robert Woodson]], community development leader
*[[Jose Zalaquett]], human rights lawyer<ref name = "Fellows90">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142703/k.787E/Fellows_List__August_1990.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1990|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1991===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jacqueline Barton]], biophysical chemist
*[[Paul Berman]], journalist
*[[James Blinn]], computer animator
*[[Taylor Branch]], social historian
*[[Trisha Brown]], choreographer
*[[Mari Jo Buhle]], American historian
*[[Patricia Churchland]], (Neuro)philosopher
*[[David Donoho]], statistician
*[[Steven Feld]], anthropologist
*[[Alice Fulton]], poet
*[[Guillermo Gómez-Peña]], writer and artist
*[[Jerzy Grotowski]], theater director
*[[David Hammons]], artist
*[[Sophia Harris]], child care leader
*[[Lewis Hyde]], writer
*[[Ali Akbar Khan]], musician
{{col-break}}
*[[Sergiu Klainerman]], mathematician
*[[Martin Kreitman]], geneticist
*[[Harlan Lane]], psychologist and linguist
*[[William Linder]], community development leader
*[[Patricia Locke]], tribal rights leader
*[[Mark Morris]], choreographer and dancer
*[[Marcel Ophüls]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Arnold Rampersad]], biographer and literary critic
*[[Gunther Schuller]], composer, conductor, jazz historian
*[[Joel Schwartz]], epidemiologist
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist and composer
*[[Julie Taymor]], theater director
*[[David Werner]], health care leader
*[[James Westphal]], engineer and scientist
*[[Eleanor Wilner]], poet <ref name = "Fellows91">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142705/k.28E8/Fellows_List__July_1991.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1991|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1992===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janet Benshoof]], attorney
*[[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], printmaker
*[[Unita Blackwell]], civil rights leader
*[[Lorna Bourg]], rural development leader
*[[Stanley Cavell]], philosopher
*[[Amy Clampitt]], poet
*[[Ingrid Daubechies]], mathematician
*[[Persi Diaconis]], mathematician and statistician
*[[Wendy Ewald]], photographer
*[[Irving Feldman]], poet
*[[Barbara Fields]], historian
*[[Robert Hall (journalist)|Robert Hall]], journalist
*[[Ann Ellis Hanson]], historian
*[[John Henry Holland]], computer scientist
*[[Wes Jackson]], agronomist
*[[Evelyn Keller]], historian and philosopher of science
*[[Steve Lacy]], saxophonist and composer
*[[Suzanne Lebsock]], social historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Sharon Long]], plant biologist
*[[Norman Manea]], writer
*[[Paule Marshall]], writer
*[[Michael Massing]], journalist
*[[Robert McCabe]], educator
*[[Susan Meiselas]], photojournalist
*[[Amalia Mesa-Bains]], artist and cultural critic
*[[Stephen Schneider]], climatologist
*[[Joanna Scott]], writer
*[[John T. Scott]], artist
*[[John Terborgh]], conservation biologist
*[[Twyla Tharp]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Philip Treisman]], mathematics educator
*[[Laurel Thatcher Ulrich]], historian
*[[Geerat J. Vermeij]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Gunter Wagner]], developmental biologist<ref name = "Fellows92">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142707/k.296C/Fellows_List__July_1992.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows July 1992|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1993===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]], philosopher
*[[Demetrios Christodoulou]], mathematician and physicist
*[[Maria Crawford]], geologist
*[[Stanley Crouch]], jazz critic and writer
*[[Nora England]], anthropological linguist
*[[Paul Farmer]], medical anthropologist
*[[Victoria Foe]], developmental biologist
*[[Ernest Gaines]], writer
*[[Pedro Greer]], physician
*[[Thom Gunn]], poet and literary critic
*[[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]], artist
*[[Sokoni Karanja]], child and family development specialist
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet and literary critic
*[[Stephen Lee (chemist)|Stephen Lee]], chemist
*[[Carol Levine]], AIDS policy specialist
*[[Amory Lovins]], physicist and energy analyst
{{col-break}}
*[[Jane Lubchenco]], marine biologist
*[[Ruth Lubic]], nurse / midwife
*[[Jim Powell (poet)|Jim Powell]], poet and translator
*[[Margie Profet]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Thomas Scanlon]], philosopher
*[[Aaron Shirley]], health care leader
*[[Bill Siemering|William Siemering]], journalist and radio producer
*[[Ellen Silbergeld]], toxicologist
*[[Leonard van der Kuijp]], philologist and historian
*[[Frank von Hippel]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[John Wideman]], writer
*[[Heather Williams (biologist)|Heather Williams]], biologist and ornithologist
*[[Marion Williams]], gospel music performer
*[[Robert H. Williams]], physicist and energy analyst
*[[Henry T. Wright]], archaeologist and anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows93">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142709/k.29F0/Fellows_List__July_1993.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1993 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1994===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Robert Adams (photographer)|Robert Adams]], photographer
*[[Jeraldyne Blunden]], choreographer
*[[Anthony Braxton]], avant-garde composer and musician
*[[Rogers Brubaker]], sociologist
*[[Ornette Coleman]], jazz performer and composer
*[[Israel Gelfand]], mathematician and biologist
*[[Faye Ginsburg]], anthropologist
*[[Heidi Hartmann]], economist
*[[Bill T. Jones]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Peter E. Kenmore]], agricultural entomologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Joseph E. Marshall]], educator
*[[Carolyn McKecuen]], economic development leader
*[[Donella Meadows]], writer
*[[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]], company director and choreographer
*[[Hugo Morales (radio)|Hugo Morales]], radio producer
*[[Janine Pease]], educator
*[[Willie Reale]], theater arts educator
*[[Adrienne Rich]], poet and writer
*[[Sam-Ang Sam]], musician and cultural preservationist
*[[Vincent Almendros]], animator
*[[Jack Wisdom]], physicist<ref name = "Fellows94">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142713/k.2894/Fellows_List__July_1994.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1994|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1995===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Allison Anders]], filmmaker
*[[Jed Z. Buchwald]], historian
*[[Octavia Butler]], science fiction novelist
*[[Sandra Cisneros]], writer and poet
*[[Sandy Close]], journalist
*[[Frederick C. Cuny]], disaster relief specialist
*[[Sharon Emerson]], biologist
*[[Richard Foreman]], theater director
*[[Alma Guillermoprieto]], journalist
*[[Virginia Hamilton]], writer
*[[Donald Hopkins]], physician
*[[Susan Kieffer|Susan W. Kieffer]], geologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Elizabeth LeCompte]], theater director
*[[Patricia Nelson Limerick]], historian
*[[Michael Marletta]], chemist
*[[Pamela Matson]], ecologist
*[[Susan McClary]], musicologist
*[[Meredith Monk]], vocalist, composer, director
*[[Rosalind P. Petchesky]], political scientist
*[[Joel Rogers]], political scientist
*[[Cindy Sherman]], photographer
*[[Bryan Stevenson]], human rights lawyer
*[[Nicholas Strausfeld]], neurobiologist
*[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]], historian<ref name = "Fellows95">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142715/k.2918/Fellows_List__July_1995.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1995 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1996===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[James Angel]], astronomer
*[[Joaquin Avila]], voting rights advocate
*[[Allan Berube]], historian
*[[Barbara Block]], marine biologist
*[[Joan Breton Connelly]], classical archaeologist
*[[Thomas Daniel]], biologist
*[[Martin Daniel Eakes]], economic development strategist
*[[Rebecca Goldstein]], writer
*[[Robert Greenstein]], public policy analyst
*[[Richard Howard]], poet
{{col-break}}
*[[John Jesurun]], playwright
*[[Richard Lenski]], biologist
*[[Louis Massiah]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Vonnie McLoyd]], developmental psychologist
*[[Thylias Moss]], poet and writer
*[[Eiko Otake]] & [[Koma Otake]], dancers, choreographers
*[[Nathan Seiberg]], physicist
*[[Anna Deavere Smith]], playwright/journalist/actress
*[[Dorothy Stoneman]], educator
*[[William E. Strickland]], art educator<ref name = "Fellows96">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142719/k.2A1C/Fellows_List__July_1996.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1996|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1997===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Luis Alfaro]], writer and performance artist
*[[Lee Breuer]], playwright
*[[Vija Celmins]], artist
*[[Eric Charnov]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Elouise Cobell]], banker
*[[Peter Galison]], historian
*[[Mark Harrington (activist)|Mark Harrington]], AIDS researcher 
*[[Eva Harris]], molecular biologist
*[[Michael Kremer]], economist
*[[Russel Lande]], biologist
*[[Kerry James Marshall]], artist
*[[Nancy A. Moran]], evolutionary biologist and ecologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Han Ong]], playwright
*[[Kathleen Ross]], educator
*[[Pamela Samuelson]], copyright scholar and activist
*[[Susan Stewart (poet)|Susan Stewart]], literary scholar and poet
*[[Elizabeth Streb]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Trimpin]], sound sculptor
*[[Loïc Wacquant]], sociologist
*[[Kara Walker]], artist
*[[David Foster Wallace]], writer
*[[Andrew Wiles]], mathematician
*[[Brackette Williams]], anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows97">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142721/k.2840/Fellows_List__July_1997.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1997|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1998===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janine Antoni]], artist
*[[Ida Applebroog]], artist
*[[Ellen Barry (attorney)|Ellen Barry]], Attorney and Human Rights Leader
*[[Tim Berners-Lee]], inventor of the World Wide Web protocol
*[[Linda Bierds]], poet
*[[Bernadette Brooten]], historian
*[[John Carlstrom]], astrophysicist
*[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]], historian
*[[Nancy Folbre]], economist
*[[Avner Greif]], economist
*[[Kun-Liang Guan]], biochemist
*[[Gary Hill]], artist
*[[Edward Hirsch]], poet, essayist
*[[Ayesha Jalal]], historian
*[[Charles R. Johnson]], writer
{{col-break}}
*[[Leah Krubitzer]], neuroscientist
*[[Stewart Kwoh]], human rights activist
*[[Charles Lewis (journalist)|Charles Lewis]], journalist
*[[William McDonald]], rancher and conservationist
*[[Peter Miller]], historian
*[[Don Mitchell (geographer)|Don Mitchell]], cultural geographer
*[[Rebecca J. Nelson|Rebecca Nelson]], plant pathologist
*[[Elinor Ochs]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Ishmael Reed]], poet, essayist, novelist
*[[Benjamin D. Santer]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Karl Sims]], computer scientist and artist
*[[Dorothy Thomas]], human rights activist
*[[Leonard Zeskind]], human rights activist
*[[Mary Zimmerman]], playwright<ref name = "Fellows98">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142723/k.28C4/Fellows_List__July_1998.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1998|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1999===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jillian Banfield]], geologist
*[[Carolyn R. Bertozzi|Carolyn Bertozzi]], chemist
*[[Xu Bing]], printmaker
*[[Bruce G. Blair]], policy analyst
*[[John Bonifaz]], election lawyer and voting rights leader
*[[Shawn Carlson]], science educator
*[[Mark Danner]], journalist
*[[Alison L. Des Forges]], human rights activist
*[[Elizabeth Diller]], architect
*[[Saul Friedländer]], historian
*[[Jennifer Gordon]], lawyer
*[[David Hillis]], biologist
*[[Sara Horowitz]], lawyer
*[[Jacqueline Jones]], historian
*[[Laura L. Kiessling]], biochemist
*[[Leslie Kurke]], classicist
{{col-break}}
*[[David Levering Lewis]], biographer and historian
*[[Juan Maldacena]], physicist
*[[Gay J. McDougall]], human rights lawyer
*[[Campbell McGrath]], poet
*[[Denny Moore]], anthropological linguist
*[[Elizabeth Murray (born 1940)|Elizabeth Murray]], artist
*[[Jessica Gia Lewingski]], traveler
*[[Pepon Osorio]], artist
*[[Ricardo Scofidio]], architect
*[[Peter Shor]], computer scientist
*[[Eva Silverstein]], physicist
*[[Wilma Subra]], scientist
*[[Ken Vandermark]], saxophonist, composer
*[[Naomi Wallace]], playwright
*[[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], mathematician
*[[Fred Wilson (artist)|Fred Wilson]], artist
*[[Ofelia Zepeda]], linguist<ref name = "Fellows99">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142725/k.2948/Fellows_List__July_1999.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1999|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2000===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Susan E. Alcock]], archaeologist
*[[K. Christopher Beard]], paleontologist
*[[Lucy Blake]], conservationist
*[[Anne Carson]], poet
*[[Peter Hayes (nuclear activist)|Peter J. Hayes]], energy policy activist
*[[David A. Isay]], radio producer
*[[Alfredo Jaar]], photographer
*[[Ben Katchor]], graphic novelist
*[[Hideo Mabuchi]], physicist
*[[Susan Marshall]], choreographer
*[[Samuel Mockbee]], architect
*[[Cecilia Muñoz]], civil rights policy analyst
*[[Margaret Murnane]], optical physicist
{{col-break}}
*[[Laura Otis]], literary scholar and historian of science
*[[Lucia M. Perillo]], poet
*[[Matthew Rabin]], economist
*[[Carl Safina]], marine conservationist
*[[Daniel P. Schrag]], geochemist
*[[Susan E. Sygall]], civil rights leader
*[[Gina G. Turrigiano]], neuroscientist
*[[Gary Urton]], anthropologist
*[[Patricia J. Williams]], legal scholar
*[[Deborah Willis]], historian of photography and photographer
*[[Erik Winfree]], computer and materials scientist
*[[Horng-Tzer Yau]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows00">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142727/k.2A89/Fellows_List__July_2000.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 2000|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2001===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrea Barrett]], writer
*[[Christopher Chyba]], astrobiologist
*[[Michael Dickinson (biologist)|Michael Dickinson]], fly biologist/bioengineer
*[[Rosanne Haggerty]], housing and community development leader
*[[Lene Hau]], physicist
*[[Dave Hickey]], art critic
*[[Stephen Hough]], pianist
*[[Kay Redfield Jamison]], psychologist
*[[Sandra Lanham]], pilot and conservationist
*[[Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle]], artist
*[[Cynthia Moss]], natural historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Dirk Obbink]], classicist and papyrologist
*Norman Pace, biochemist
*[[Suzan-Lori Parks]], playwright
*[[Brooks Pate]], physical chemist
*[[Xiao Qiang]], human rights leader
*[[Geraldine Seydoux]], molecular biologist
*[[Bright Sheng]], composer
*[[David Spergel]], astrophysicist
*[[Jean Strouse]], biographer
*[[Julie Su (attorney)]], human rights lawyer
*[[David Hildebrand Wilson|David Wilson]], creator of The [[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<ref name = "Fellows01">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142731/k.6679/Fellows_List__October_2001.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows October 2001 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2002===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Danielle Allen]], classicist and political scientist
*[[Bonnie Bassler]], molecular biologist
*[[Ann M. Blair]], intellectual historian
*[[Katherine Boo]], journalist
*[[Paul Ginsparg]], physicist
*[[David B. Goldstein]], energy conservation specialist
*[[Karen Hesse]], writer
*[[Janine Jagger]], epidemiologist
*[[Daniel Jurafsky]], computer scientist and linguist
*[[Toba Khedoori]], artist
*[[Liz Lerman]], choreographer
*[[George Lewis (trombonist)|George E. Lewis]], trombonist
*[[Liza Lou]], artist
{{col-break}}
*[[Edgar Meyer]], bassist and composer
*[[Jack Miles]], writer and Biblical scholar
*[[Erik Mueggler]], anthropologist and ethnographer
*[[Sendhil Mullainathan]], economist
*[[Stanley Nelson]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Lee Ann Newsom]], paleoethnobotanist
*[[Daniela L. Rus]], computer scientist
*[[Charles C. Steidel]], astronomer
*[[Brian Tucker]], seismologist
*[[Camilo José Vergara]], photographer
*[[Paul Wennberg]], atmospheric chemist
*[[Colson Whitehead]], writer<ref name = "Fellows02">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142733/k.98ED/Fellows_List__September_2002.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2002|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2003===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], archaeologist
*[[James Collins (Boston University)|Jim Collins]], biomedical engineer
*[[Lydia Davis]], writer
*[[Erik Demaine]], theoretical computer scientist
*[[Corinne Dufka]], human rights researcher
*[[Peter Gleick]], conservation analyst
*[[Osvaldo Golijov]], composer
*[[Deborah Jin]], physicist
*[[Angela Johnson (writer)|Angela Johnson]], writer
*[[Tom Joyce]], blacksmith
*[[Sarah H. Kagan]], gerontological nurse
*[[Ned Kahn]], artist and science exhibit designer
{{col-break}}
*[[Jim Kim|Jim Yong Kim]], public health physician
*[[Nawal M. Nour]], obstetrician and gynecologist
*[[Loren H. Rieseberg]], botanist
*[[Amy Rosenzweig]], biochemist
*[[Pedro A. Sanchez]], agronomist
*[[Lateefah Simon]], women's development leader
*[[Peter Sis]], illustrator
*[[Sarah Sze]], sculptor
*[[Eve Troutt Powell]], historian
*[[Anders Winroth]], historian
*[[Daisy Youngblood]], ceramic artist
*[[Xiaowei Zhuang]], biophysicist<ref name = "Fellows03">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142737/k.6839/Fellows_List__October_2003.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows October 2003|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2004===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], anthropologist and archaeologist
*[[Angela Belcher]], materials scientist and engineer
*Gretchen Berland, physician and filmmaker
*[[James Carpenter (artist)|James Carpenter]], artist
*[[Joseph DeRisi]], biologist
*[[Katherine Gottlieb]], health care leader
*[[David Green]], technology transfer innovator
*[[Aleksandar Hemon]], writer
*[[Heather Hurst]], archaeological illustrator
*[[Edward P. Jones]], writer
*[[John Kamm]], human rights activist
*[[Daphne Koller]], computer scientist
{{col-break}}
*[[Naomi Leonard]], engineer
*[[Tommie Lindsey]], school debate coach
*[[Rueben Martinez]], businessman and activist
*[[Maria Mavroudi]], historian
*[[Vamsi Mootha]], physician and computational biologist
*[[Judy Pfaff]], American sculptor
*[[Aminah Robinson]], artist
*[[Reginald Robinson]], pianist and composer
*[[Cheryl Rogowski]], farmer
*[[Amy Smith]], inventor and mechanical engineer
*[[Julie Theriot]], microbiologist
*[[C. D. Wright]], poet<ref name = "Fellows04">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142741/k.998D/Fellows_List__September_2004.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2004 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2005===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Marin Alsop]], symphony conductor
*[[Ted Ames]], fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
*[[Terry Belanger]], rare book preservationist
*[[Edet Belzberg]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Majora Carter]], urban revitalization strategist
*[[Lu Chen (Scientist)|Lu Chen]], neuroscientist
*[[Michael Cohen]], pharmacist
*[[Joseph Curtin]], violinmaker
*[[Aaron Dworkin]], music educator
*[[Teresita Fernandez|Teresita Fernández]], sculptor
*[[Claire Gmachl]], quantum cascade laser engineer
*[[Sue Goldie]], physician / researcher
*[[Steven Goodman]], conservation biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Pehr Harbury]], biochemist
*[[Nicole King]], molecular biologist
*[[Jon Kleinberg]], computer scientist
*[[Jonathan Lethem]], novelist
*[[Michael Manga]], geophysicist
*[[Todd Martinez]], theoretical chemist
*[[Julie Mehretu]], painter
*[[Kevin M. Murphy]], economist
*[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]], clinician/researcher
*[[Fazal Sheikh]], photographer
*[[Emily Thompson]], aural historian
*[[Michael Walsh (engineer)|Michael Walsh]], vehicle emissions specialist<ref name = "Fellows05">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142745/k.9B0D/Fellows_List__September_2005.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2005|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2006===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[David Carroll (naturalist)]], naturalist author/illustrator
*[[Regina Carter]], jazz violinist
*[[Kenneth C. Catania]], neurobiologist
*[[Lisa Curran]], tropical forester
*[[Kevin Eggan]], biologist
*[[Jim Fruchterman]], technologist, CEO [[Benetech]]
*[[Atul Gawande]], surgeon and author
*[[Linda Griffith]], bioengineer
*[[Victoria Hale]], CEO [[OneWorld Health]]
*[[Adrian Nicole LeBlanc]], journalist and author
*[[David Macaulay]], author/illustrator
*[[Josiah McElheny]], sculptor
*[[D. Holmes Morton]], physician
{{col-break}}
*[[John A. Rich]], physician
*[[Jennifer Richeson]], social psychologist
*[[Sarah Ruhl]], playwright
*[[George Saunders]], short story writer
*[[Anna Schuleit]], commemorative artist
*[[Shahzia Sikander]], painter
*[[Terence Tao]], mathematician
*[[Claire J. Tomlin]], aviation engineer
*[[Luis von Ahn]], computer scientist
*[[Edith Widder]], deep-sea explorer
*[[Matias Zaldarriaga]], cosmologist
*[[John Zorn]], composer and musician<ref name = "Fellows06Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2066197/k.3F6D/2006_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2006 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2007===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Deborah Bial]], education strategist
*[[Peter Cole]], translator/poet/publisher
*[[Lisa Cooper]], public health physician
*[[Ruth DeFries]], environmental geographer
*[[Mercedes Doretti]], forensic anthropologist
*[[Stuart Dybek]], short story writer
*[[Marc Edwards (engineer)|Marc Edwards]], water quality engineer
*[[Michael Elowitz]], molecular biologist
*[[Saul Griffith]], inventor
*[[Sven Haakanson]], [[Alutiiq]] curator/anthropologist/preservationist
*[[Corey Harris]], blues musician
*[[Cheryl Hayashi]], spider silk biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[My Hang V. Huynh]], chemist
*[[Claire Kremen]], conservation biologist
*[[Whitfield Lovell]], painter/installation artist
*[[Yoky Matsuoka]], neuroroboticist
*[[Lynn Nottage]], playwright
*[[Mark Roth (scientist)|Mark Roth]], biomedical scientist
*[[Paul Rothemund]], nanotechnologist
*[[Jay Rubenstein]], medieval historian
*[[Jonathan Shay]], clinical psychiatrist/classicist
*[[Joan Snyder]], painter
*[[Dawn Upshaw]], vocalist
*[[Shen Wei]], choreographer<ref name = "Fellows07Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913817/k.3EC5/2007_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2007 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-09-24}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2008===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], novelist
*[[Will Allen (urban farmer)|Will Allen]], urban farmer
*[[Regina Benjamin]], rural family doctor
*[[Kirsten Bomblies]], evolutionary plant geneticist
*[[Tara Donovan]], artist
*[[Andrea Ghez]], astrophysicist
*[[Stephen D. Houston]], anthropologist
*[[Mary Jackson (artist)|Mary Jackson]], weaver and sculptor
*[[Leila Josefowicz]], violinist
*[[Alexei Kitaev]], quantum physicist
*[[Walter Kitundu]], instrument maker and composer
*[[Susan Mango]], developmental biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Diane Meier]], geriatrician
*[[David R. Montgomery]], geomorphologist
*[[John Ochsendorf]], engineer and architectural historian
*[[Peter Pronovost]], critical care physician
*[[Adam Riess]], astrophysicist
*[[Alex Ross (music critic)|Alex Ross]], music critic
*[[Wafaa El-Sadr]], infectious disease specialist
*[[Nancy Siraisi]], historian of medicine
*[[Marin Soljačić]], optical physicist
*[[Sally Temple]], neuroscientist
*[[Jennifer Tipton]], stage lighting designer
*[[Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)|Rachel Wilson]], experimental neurobiologist
*[[Miguel Zenón]], saxophonist and composer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.4536877/k.1412/Meet_the_2008_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2008 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2008-09-23}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2009===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Lynsey Addario]], photojournalist
*[[Maneesh Agrawala]], computer vision technologist
*[[Timothy Barrett]], papermaker
*[[Mark Bradford]], mixed media artist
*[[Edwidge Danticat]], novelist
*[[Rackstraw Downes]], painter
*[[Esther Duflo]], economist
*[[Deborah Eisenberg]], short story writer
*[[Lin He]], molecular biologist
*[[Peter Huybers]], climate scientist
*[[James Longley (filmmaker)|James Longley]], filmmaker
*[[L. Mahadevan]], applied mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Heather McHugh]], poet
*[[Jerry Mitchell (investigative reporter)|Jerry Mitchell]], investigative reporter
*[[Rebecca Onie]], health services innovator
*[[Richard Prum]], ornithologist
*[[John A. Rogers]], applied physicist
*[[Elyn Saks]], mental health lawyer
*[[Jill Seaman]], infectious disease physician
*[[Beth Shapiro]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Daniel Sigman]], biogeochemist
*[[Mary Tinetti]], geriatric physician
*[[Camille Utterback]], digital artist
*[[Theodore Zoli]], bridge engineer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.5410503/k.11CB/Meet_the_2009_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2009 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2009-09-22}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

== References in popular culture ==
{{Trivia|date=September 2008}}
* In the television show ''[[Will and Grace]]'', during episode 6.17, Grace says to Will: "If the MacArthur Foundation gave out Evil Genius Grants, you would so win one."
* In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Petarded]]", Peter takes an [[IQ test]] to determine whether he is eligible for a MacArthur grant, believing himself to be a [[genius]]; however, the test results show that he is [[disability|mentally retarded]]. (In real life a ''genius''-level IQ is not a requirement.)
* In the television show ''[[Friends]]'', during episode 9.20 ("The One With the Soap Opera Party"), Charlie ([[Aisha Tyler]]) says to Ross when describing her first boyfriend, "He did win the MacArthur Genius Grant though" in response to all of her boyfriends winning Nobel Prizes except one.
* In the movie ''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'', Frank says that he attempted suicide after his rival was awarded a genius grant for his studies of [[Marcel Proust]].
* In the series ''[[The L Word]]'', season 5 episode 9, Molly tells her mother, Phyllis, "Shane is not gonna win a MacArthur Genius Grant any time soon."
* In the television show ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'', episode 2x11, "The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis", a recipient of the MacArthur Grant, David Underhill, is introduced.
* In the movie ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'', the main character receives a MacArthur Genius Grant, although it appears to be in much greater value than the real life grant since it continues to be awarded to him for over ten years and allows him to build a massive replica of New York in a warehouse and hire hundreds of actors.
* In the television show ''[[FlashForward]]'', season 1 episode 8, Simon mentions that Lloyd Simcoe was a recipient of the MacArthur Prize.
* In the television show "[[The Big Bang Theory]]", episode 3x15, "The Large Hadron Collision", Leonard mentions that his roommate agreement with Sheldon contains information on what to do if one of them won the MacArthur grant.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm MacArthur Fellows Program website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur Fellows Program}}
[[Category:Fellowships]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows|*]]

[[fr:Prix MacArthur]]
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[[no:The MacArthur Fellows Program]]
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[[uk:Стипендія МакАртура]]
[[zh:麦克阿瑟奖]]

MacArthur Fellowship

2010-01-31T20:14:35Z

Quiddity: Reverted edits by 76.22.167.128 (talk) to last version by 99.137.20.134

The '''MacArthur Fellows Program''' or '''MacArthur Fellowship''' ([[nickname]]d the '''Genius Award''') is an award given by the [[John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation]] each year to typically 20 to 40 [[United States citizens]] or residents, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced [[creative work]]."

According to the Foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential." The current amount of the award is $500,000, paid as quarterly installments over five years. {{As of|2007}}, there have been 756 recipients who have received a total of more than $350 million.

The Fellowship has no application. People are nominated anonymously by a body of nominators who submit recommendations to a small selection committee of about a dozen people, also anonymous. The committee then reviews every nominee and passes along their recommendations to the President and the [[board of directors]]. Most new MacArthur Fellows first learn that they have even been considered when they receive the congratulatory phone call. An editorial published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by MacArthur Fellow [[James Collins (Boston University)|James Collins]] describes the experience. <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/opinion/19collins.html| title=It Isn't Easy Being a Genius| author= JIM COLLINS| date=September 19, 2005| work=The New York Times }}</ref>

==List of MacArthur Fellows==
MacArthur Fellows organized by the year of their awards:

===1981===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[A. R. Ammons]], poet
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], poet
*[[Gregory Chudnovsky|Gregory V. Chudnovsky]], mathematician
*[[Robert Coles]], child psychiatrist
*[[Shelly Errington]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]], literary critic
*[[Michael Ghiselin]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]], paleontology
*[[Ian Graham]], archaeologist
*[[John Imbrie]], climatologist
*[[Elma Lewis]], arts educator
*[[James Alan McPherson]], novelist, writer
*[[Roy Mottahedeh|Roy P. Mottahedeh]], historian
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], physicist
*[[Robert Root-Bernstein]], biologist and historian of science
*[[Lawrence Rosen]], attorney and anthropologist
*[[Carl E. Schorske]], intellectual historian
*[[Leslie Marmon Silko]], writer
*[[Derek Walcott]], poet and playwright
*[[Robert Penn Warren]], poet, writer, and literary critic
*[[Stephen Wolfram]], computer scientist and physicist<ref name = "Fellows81">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142675/k.24F6/Fellows_List__June_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows June 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*[[John Cairns (biochemist)|John Cairns]], molecular biologist
*[[Joel E. Cohen]], population biologist
*[[Richard Critchfield]], essayist
*[[Howard Gardner]], psychologist
*[[John Gaventa]], sociologist
*[[David Hawkins]], philosopher
*[[John P. Holdren]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[Ada Louise Huxtable]], architectural critic and historian
*[[Robert Kates]], geographer
*[[Raphael Carl Lee]], surgeon
*[[Cormac McCarthy]], writer
*[[Barbara McClintock]], geneticist
*[[Richard C. Mulligan]], molecular biologist
*[[Elaine Pagels|Elaine H. Pagels]], historian of religion
*[[David Pingree]], Historian of Science
*[[Paul G. Richards]], seismologist
*[[Richard Rorty]], philosopher
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]], astrophysicist
*[[Michael Woodford (economist)|Michael Woodford]], economist
*[[George Zweig]], physicist and neurobiologist<ref name = "Fellows81b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139463/k.738A/Fellows_List__December_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows December 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1982===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Fouad Ajami]], political scientist
*[[Charles Bigelow (type designer)|Charles A. Bigelow]], graphic designer
*[[Peter Robert Lamont Brown]], historian
*[[Robert Darnton]], European historian
*[[Persi Diaconis]], statistician
*[[William Gaddis]], novelist
*[[Ved Mehta]], writer
*[[Robert Parris Moses]], educator and philosopher
*[[Richard A. Muller]], geologist and astrophysicist
*[[Conlon Nancarrow]], composer
{{col-break}}
*[[Alfonso Ortiz]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Francesca Rochberg]], Assyriologist and historian of science
*[[Charles Sabel]], political scientist and legal scholar
*[[Ralph Shapey]], composer and conductor
*[[Michael Silverstein]], linguist
*[[Randolph Whitfield, Jr]], ophthalmologist
*[[Frank Wilczek]], physicist
*[[Frederick Wiseman]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Edward Witten]], physicist. Creator of the M-Theory <ref name = "Fellows82">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139465/k.79DA/Fellows_List__August_1982.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1982|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1983===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[R. Stephen Berry]], physical chemist
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian of Africa
*[[William H. Durham]], biological anthropologist
*[[Bradley Efron]], statistician
*[[David L. Felten]], neuroscientist
*[[Shelomo Dov Goitein]], medieval historian
*[[Ramón A. Gutiérrez]], historian
*[[Bela Julesz]], psychologist
*[[William Kennedy (author)|William Kennedy]], novelist
*[[Leszek Kołakowski]], historian of philosophy and religion
*[[Brad Leithauser]], poet and writer
*[[Lawrence W. Levine]], historian
*[[Ralph Manheim]], translator
*[[Charles S. Peskin]], mathematician and physiologist
*[[Julia Robinson]], mathematician
*[[John Sayles]], filmmaker and writer
*[[Peter Sellars]], theater and opera director
{{col-break}}
*[[Adrian Wilson (book designer)]], book designer, printer, and historian of the book
*[[Irene J. Winter]], art historian and archaeologist
*[[Mark S. Wrighton]], chemist<ref name = "Fellows83">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142677/k.7B61/Fellows_List__February_1983.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows February 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Seweryn Bialer]], political scientist
*[[William C. Clark]], ecologist and environmental policy analyst
*[[Randall W. Forsberg]], political scientist and arms control strategist
*[[Alexander L. George]], political scientist
*[[Mott T. Greene]], historian of science
*[[John J. Hopfield]], physicist and biologist
*[[Sylvia A. Law]], human rights lawyer
*[[Robert K. Merton]], historian and sociologist of science
*[[Walter F. Morris, Jr.]], cultural preservationist
*[[A.K. Ramanujan]], poet, translator, and literary scholar
*[[Alice M. Rivlin]], economist and policy analyst
*[[Richard M. Schoen]], mathematician
*[[Karen K. Uhlenbeck]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows83b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/pp.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=1139467&printmode=1|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>

{{col-end}}

===1984===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[George W. Archibald]], ornithologist
*[[Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.]], community organizer
*[[Robert Hass]], poet, critic, and translator
*[[Robert Irwin (artist)|Robert Irwin]], painter and installation artist
*[[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]], novelist and screenwriter
*[[Paul Oskar Kristeller]], intellectual historian and philosopher
*[[Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot]], educator
*[[Heather Lechtman]], materials scientist and archaeologist
*[[Michael Lerner (environmentalist)]], public health leader
*[[Andrew W. Lewis]], medieval historian
*[[Arnold J. Mandell]], neuroscientist and psychiatrist
*[[Matthew Meselson]], geneticist and arms control analyst
*[[David R. Nelson]], physicist
*[[Michael Piore]], economist
*[[Judith N. Shklar]], political philosopher
*[[Charles Simic]], poet, translator, and essayist
*[[David Stuart (Mayanist)|David Stuart]], linguist and epigrapher
*[[John E. Toews]], intellectual historian
*[[James Turrell]], light sculptor
*[[Jay Weiss]], psychologist
*[[Carl R. Woese]], molecular biologist<ref name = "Fellows84">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142681/k.5724/Fellows_List__March_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows March 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Shelly Bernstein]], pediatric hematologist
*[[Peter J. Bickel]], statistician
{{col-break}}
*[[William Drayton (environmentalist)|William Drayton]], public service innovator
*[[Sidney Drell]], physicist and arms policy analyst
*[[Mitchell J. Feigenbaum]], mathematical physicist
*[[Michael H. Freedman]], mathematician
*[[Curtis G. Hames]], family physician
*[[Shirley Heath]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Bette Howland]], writer and literary critic
*[[Bill Irwin]], writer and performance artist
*[[Fritz John]], mathematician
*[[Galway Kinnell]], poet
*[[Henry Kraus]], art historian
*Peter Mathews, archaeologist and epigrapher
*[[Beaumont Newhall]], historian of photography
*[[Roger S. Payne]], zoologist and conservationist
*[[Edward V. Roberts]], civil rights leader
*[[Elliot Sperling]], Tibetan studies scholar
*[[Frank Sulloway]], psychologist (child birth-order research)
*[[Alar Toomre]], astronomer and mathematician
*[[Amos Tversky]], cognitive scientist
*[[J. Kirk Varnedoe]], art historian
*[[Bret Wallach]], geographer
*[[Arthur Winfree]], physiologist and mathematician
*[[Billie Young]], community development leader<ref name = "Fellows84b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142683/k.77C6/Fellows_List__November_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows November 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1985===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Joan Abrahamson]], community development leader
*[[John Ashbery]], poet
*[[John F. Benton]], medieval historian
*[[Harold Bloom]], literary critic
*[[Valery Chalidze]], physicist and human rights organizer
*[[William Cronon]], environmental historian
*[[Merce Cunningham]], choreographer
*[[Jared Diamond]], environmental historian and Geographer
*[[Marian Edelman]], Children's Defense Fund founder
*[[Morton Halperin]], political scientist
*[[Robert M. Hayes]], lawyer and human rights leader
*[[Edwin Hutchins]], cognitive scientist
*[[Sam Maloof]], Woodworker
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrew McGuire]], trauma prevention specialist
*[[Patrick Noonan]], conservationist
*[[George Oster]], mathematical biologist
*[[Thomas G. Palaima]], classicist
*[[Peter Raven]], botanist
*[[Jane S. Richardson]], biochemist
*[[Gregory Schopen]], historian of religion
*[[Franklin Stahl]], geneticist
*[[J. Richard Steffy]], nautical archaeologist
*[[Ellen Stewart]], theater director
*[[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]], choreographer, dance company founder
*[[Shing-Tung Yau]], mathematician <ref name = "Fellows85">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142689/k.2AE6/Fellows_List__July_1985.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1985|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1986===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Paul Adams (scientist)|Paul Adams]], neurobiologist
*[[Milton Babbitt]], composer
*[[Christopher Beckwith]], philologist
*[[Richard Benson]], photographer
*[[Lester R. Brown]], agricultural economist
*[[Caroline Bynum]], medieval historian
*[[William A. Christian]], historian of religion
*[[Nancy Farriss]], historian
*[[Benedict Gross]], mathematician
*[[Daryl Hine]], poet and translator
*[[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|John Robert Horner]], paleobiologist
*[[Thomas C. Joe]], social policy analyst
*[[David Keightley]], historian and sinologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Albert J. Libchaber]], physicist
*[[David C. Page]], molecular geneticist
*[[George Perle]], composer and music theorist
*[[James Randi]], educator
*[[David Rudovsky]], civil rights lawyer
*[[Robert Shapley]], neurophysiologist
*[[Leo Steinberg]], art historian
*[[Richard P. Turco]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Thomas Whiteside]], journalist
*[[Allan C. Wilson]], biochemist
*[[Jay Wright (poet)|Jay Wright]], poet and playwright
*[[Charles Wuorinen]], composer<ref name = "Fellows86">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142693/k.79E6/Fellows_List__August_1986.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1986|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1987===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Walter Abish]], writer
*[[Robert Axelrod]], political scientist
*[[Robert F. Coleman]], mathematician
*[[Douglas Crase]], poet
*[[Daniel Friedan]], physicist
*[[David Gross]], physicist
*[[Ira Herskowitz]], molecular geneticist
*[[Irving Howe]], literary and social critic
*[[Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.]], rural planner
*[[Peter Jeffery]], musicologist
*[[Horace Freeland Judson]], historian of science
*[[Stuart Alan Kauffman]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Richard Kenney]], poet
*[[Eric Lander]], geneticist and mathematician
*[[Michael C. Malin|Michael Malin]], geologist and planetary scientist
*[[Deborah W. Meier]], education reform leader
{{col-break}}
*[[Arnaldo Dante Momigliano]], historian
*[[David Mumford]], mathematician
*[[Tina Rosenberg]], journalist
*[[David Rumelhart]], cognitive scientist and psychologist
*[[Robert Morris Sapolsky]], neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
*[[Meyer Schapiro]], art historian
*[[John H. Schwarz]], physicist
*[[Jon Seger]], evolutionary ecologist
*[[Stephen Shenker]], physicist
*[[David Dean Shulman]], historian of religion
*[[Muriel S. Snowden]], community organizer
*[[Mark Strand]], poet and writer
*[[May Swenson]], poet
*[[Huynh Sanh Thong]], translator and editor
*[[William Julius Wilson]], sociologist
*[[Richard Wrangham]], primate ethologist<ref name = "Fellows87">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142695/k.2A0E/Fellows_List__July_1987.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1987|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1988===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Charles Archambeau]], geophysicist
*[[Michael Baxandall]], art historian
*[[Ruth Behar]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Ran Blake]], composer and pianist
*[[Charles Burnett (director)|Charles Burnett]], filmmaker
*[[Philip James DeVries]], insect biologist
*[[Andre Dubus]], writer
*[[Helen T. Edwards]], physicist
*[[Jon H. Else]], documentary filmmaker
*[[John G. Fleagle]], primatologist and paleontologist
*[[Cornell H. Fleischer]], Middle Eastern historian
*[[Getatchew Haile]], philologist and linguist
*[[Raymond Jeanloz]], geophysicist
*[[Marvin Phillip Kahl]], zoologist
*[[Naomi Pierce]], biologist
*[[Thomas Pynchon]], novelist
*[[Stephen J. Pyne]], environmental historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Max Roach]], percussionist and jazz composer
*[[Paul Roldan|Hipolito (Paul) Roldan]], community developer
*[[Anna Curtenius Roosevelt]], archaeologist
*[[David Alan Rosenberg]], military historian
*[[Susan Irene Rotroff]], archaeologist
*[[Bruce Schwartz]], figurative sculptor and puppeteer
*[[Robert Shaw (physicist)|Robert Shaw]], physicist
*[[Jonathan Spence]], historian
*[[Noel Swerdlow|Noel M. Swerdlow]], historian of science
*[[Gary A. Tomlinson]], musicologist
*[[Alan Walker (academic)|Alan Walker]], paleontologist
*[[Eddie Williams]], policy analyst and civil rights leader
*[[Rita P. Wright]], archaeologist
*[[Garth Youngberg]], agriculturalist<ref name = "Fellows88">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142699/k.7B86/Fellows_List__August_1988.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1988|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1989===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anthony Amsterdam]], attorney and legal scholar
*[[Byllye Avery]], women's healthcare leader
*[[Alvin Bronstein]], human rights lawyer
*[[Leo Buss]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Jay Cantor]], writer
*George Davis, environmental policy analyst
*[[Allen Grossman]], poet
*[[John Harbison]], composer and conductor
*[[Keith Hefner (activist)|Keith Hefner]], journalist and educator
*[[Ralf Hotchkiss]], rehabilitation engineer
*[[John Rice Irwin]], curator and cultural preservationist
*[[Daniel Janzen]], ecologist
*[[Bernice Johnson Reagon]], music historian, composer, and vocalist
*[[Aaron Lansky]], cultural preservationist
*[[Jennifer Moody]], archaeologist and anthropologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Errol Morris]], filmmaker
*[[Vivian Paley]], educator and writer
*[[Richard Powers]], novelist
*[[Martin Puryear]], sculptor
*[[Theodore Rosengarten]], historian
*[[Margaret W. Rossiter]], historian of science
*[[George Russell]], composer and music theorist
*[[Pam Solo]], arms control analyst
*[[Ellendea Proffer Teasley]], translator and publisher
*[[Claire Van Vliet]], book artist
*[[Baldemar Velasquez]], farm labor leader
*[[Bill Viola]], video artist
*[[Eliot Wigginton]], educator
*[[Patricia Wright]], primatologist <ref name = "Fellows89">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142701/k.7886/Fellows_List__August_1989.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1989|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1990===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[John Christian Bailar]], biostatistician
*[[Martha Clarke]], theater director
*[[Jacques d'Amboise]], dance educator
*[[Guy Davenport]], writer and critic
*[[Lisa Delpit]], education reform leader
*[[John Eaton (composer)|John Eaton]], composer
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]], population biologist
*[[Charlotte Erickson]], historian
*[[Lee Friedlander]], photographer
*[[Margaret Geller]], astrophysicist
*[[Jorie Graham]], poet
*[[Patricia Hampl]], writer
*[[John Hollander]], poet and literary critic
*[[Thomas Cleveland Holt]], social and cultural historian
*[[David Kazhdan]], mathematician
*[[Calvin King]], land and farm development specialist
*[[M. A. R. Koehl]], marine biologist
*[[Nancy Kopell]], mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Michael Moschen]], performance artist
*[[Gary Nabhan]], ethnobotanist
*[[Sherry Ortner]], anthropologist
*[[Otis Pitts]], community development leader
*[[Yvonne Rainer]], filmmaker and choreographer
*[[Michael Schudson]], sociologist
*[[Rebecca J. Scott]], historian
*[[Marc Shell]], scholar
*[[Susan Sontag]], writer and cultural critic
*[[Richard Stallman]], Free Software Foundation founder, [[Copyleft]] concept inventor
*[[Guy Tudor]], conservationist
*[[Maria Varela]], community development leader
*[[Gregory Vlastos]], classicist and philosopher
*[[Kent Whealy]], preservationist
*[[Eric Wolf]], anthropologist
*[[Sidney Wolfe]], physician
*[[Robert Woodson]], community development leader
*[[Jose Zalaquett]], human rights lawyer<ref name = "Fellows90">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142703/k.787E/Fellows_List__August_1990.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1990|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1991===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jacqueline Barton]], biophysical chemist
*[[Paul Berman]], journalist
*[[James Blinn]], computer animator
*[[Taylor Branch]], social historian
*[[Trisha Brown]], choreographer
*[[Mari Jo Buhle]], American historian
*[[Patricia Churchland]], (Neuro)philosopher
*[[David Donoho]], statistician
*[[Steven Feld]], anthropologist
*[[Alice Fulton]], poet
*[[Guillermo Gómez-Peña]], writer and artist
*[[Jerzy Grotowski]], theater director
*[[David Hammons]], artist
*[[Sophia Harris]], child care leader
*[[Lewis Hyde]], writer
*[[Ali Akbar Khan]], musician
{{col-break}}
*[[Sergiu Klainerman]], mathematician
*[[Martin Kreitman]], geneticist
*[[Harlan Lane]], psychologist and linguist
*[[William Linder]], community development leader
*[[Patricia Locke]], tribal rights leader
*[[Mark Morris]], choreographer and dancer
*[[Marcel Ophüls]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Arnold Rampersad]], biographer and literary critic
*[[Gunther Schuller]], composer, conductor, jazz historian
*[[Joel Schwartz]], epidemiologist
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist and composer
*[[Julie Taymor]], theater director
*[[David Werner]], health care leader
*[[James Westphal]], engineer and scientist
*[[Eleanor Wilner]], poet <ref name = "Fellows91">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142705/k.28E8/Fellows_List__July_1991.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1991|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1992===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janet Benshoof]], attorney
*[[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], printmaker
*[[Unita Blackwell]], civil rights leader
*[[Lorna Bourg]], rural development leader
*[[Stanley Cavell]], philosopher
*[[Amy Clampitt]], poet
*[[Ingrid Daubechies]], mathematician
*[[Persi Diaconis]], mathematician and statistician
*[[Wendy Ewald]], photographer
*[[Irving Feldman]], poet
*[[Barbara Fields]], historian
*[[Robert Hall (journalist)|Robert Hall]], journalist
*[[Ann Ellis Hanson]], historian
*[[John Henry Holland]], computer scientist
*[[Wes Jackson]], agronomist
*[[Evelyn Keller]], historian and philosopher of science
*[[Steve Lacy]], saxophonist and composer
*[[Suzanne Lebsock]], social historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Sharon Long]], plant biologist
*[[Norman Manea]], writer
*[[Paule Marshall]], writer
*[[Michael Massing]], journalist
*[[Robert McCabe]], educator
*[[Susan Meiselas]], photojournalist
*[[Amalia Mesa-Bains]], artist and cultural critic
*[[Stephen Schneider]], climatologist
*[[Joanna Scott]], writer
*[[John T. Scott]], artist
*[[John Terborgh]], conservation biologist
*[[Twyla Tharp]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Philip Treisman]], mathematics educator
*[[Laurel Thatcher Ulrich]], historian
*[[Geerat J. Vermeij]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Gunter Wagner]], developmental biologist<ref name = "Fellows92">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142707/k.296C/Fellows_List__July_1992.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows July 1992|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1993===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]], philosopher
*[[Demetrios Christodoulou]], mathematician and physicist
*[[Maria Crawford]], geologist
*[[Stanley Crouch]], jazz critic and writer
*[[Nora England]], anthropological linguist
*[[Paul Farmer]], medical anthropologist
*[[Victoria Foe]], developmental biologist
*[[Ernest Gaines]], writer
*[[Pedro Greer]], physician
*[[Thom Gunn]], poet and literary critic
*[[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]], artist
*[[Sokoni Karanja]], child and family development specialist
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet and literary critic
*[[Stephen Lee (chemist)|Stephen Lee]], chemist
*[[Carol Levine]], AIDS policy specialist
*[[Amory Lovins]], physicist and energy analyst
{{col-break}}
*[[Jane Lubchenco]], marine biologist
*[[Ruth Lubic]], nurse / midwife
*[[Jim Powell (poet)|Jim Powell]], poet and translator
*[[Margie Profet]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Thomas Scanlon]], philosopher
*[[Aaron Shirley]], health care leader
*[[Bill Siemering|William Siemering]], journalist and radio producer
*[[Ellen Silbergeld]], toxicologist
*[[Leonard van der Kuijp]], philologist and historian
*[[Frank von Hippel]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[John Wideman]], writer
*[[Heather Williams (biologist)|Heather Williams]], biologist and ornithologist
*[[Marion Williams]], gospel music performer
*[[Robert H. Williams]], physicist and energy analyst
*[[Henry T. Wright]], archaeologist and anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows93">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142709/k.29F0/Fellows_List__July_1993.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1993 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1994===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Robert Adams (photographer)|Robert Adams]], photographer
*[[Jeraldyne Blunden]], choreographer
*[[Anthony Braxton]], avant-garde composer and musician
*[[Rogers Brubaker]], sociologist
*[[Ornette Coleman]], jazz performer and composer
*[[Israel Gelfand]], mathematician and biologist
*[[Faye Ginsburg]], anthropologist
*[[Heidi Hartmann]], economist
*[[Bill T. Jones]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Peter E. Kenmore]], agricultural entomologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Joseph E. Marshall]], educator
*[[Carolyn McKecuen]], economic development leader
*[[Donella Meadows]], writer
*[[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]], company director and choreographer
*[[Hugo Morales (radio)|Hugo Morales]], radio producer
*[[Janine Pease]], educator
*[[Willie Reale]], theater arts educator
*[[Adrienne Rich]], poet and writer
*[[Sam-Ang Sam]], musician and cultural preservationist
*[[Vincent Almendros]], animator
*[[Jack Wisdom]], physicist<ref name = "Fellows94">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142713/k.2894/Fellows_List__July_1994.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1994|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1995===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Allison Anders]], filmmaker
*[[Jed Z. Buchwald]], historian
*[[Octavia Butler]], science fiction novelist
*[[Sandra Cisneros]], writer and poet
*[[Sandy Close]], journalist
*[[Frederick C. Cuny]], disaster relief specialist
*[[Sharon Emerson]], biologist
*[[Richard Foreman]], theater director
*[[Alma Guillermoprieto]], journalist
*[[Virginia Hamilton]], writer
*[[Donald Hopkins]], physician
*[[Susan Kieffer|Susan W. Kieffer]], geologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Elizabeth LeCompte]], theater director
*[[Patricia Nelson Limerick]], historian
*[[Michael Marletta]], chemist
*[[Pamela Matson]], ecologist
*[[Susan McClary]], musicologist
*[[Meredith Monk]], vocalist, composer, director
*[[Rosalind P. Petchesky]], political scientist
*[[Joel Rogers]], political scientist
*[[Cindy Sherman]], photographer
*[[Bryan Stevenson]], human rights lawyer
*[[Nicholas Strausfeld]], neurobiologist
*[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]], historian<ref name = "Fellows95">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142715/k.2918/Fellows_List__July_1995.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1995 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1996===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[James Angel]], astronomer
*[[Joaquin Avila]], voting rights advocate
*[[Allan Berube]], historian
*[[Barbara Block]], marine biologist
*[[Joan Breton Connelly]], classical archaeologist
*[[Thomas Daniel]], biologist
*[[Martin Daniel Eakes]], economic development strategist
*[[Rebecca Goldstein]], writer
*[[Robert Greenstein]], public policy analyst
*[[Richard Howard]], poet
{{col-break}}
*[[John Jesurun]], playwright
*[[Richard Lenski]], biologist
*[[Louis Massiah]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Vonnie McLoyd]], developmental psychologist
*[[Thylias Moss]], poet and writer
*[[Eiko Otake]] & [[Koma Otake]], dancers, choreographers
*[[Nathan Seiberg]], physicist
*[[Anna Deavere Smith]], playwright/journalist/actress
*[[Dorothy Stoneman]], educator
*[[William E. Strickland]], art educator<ref name = "Fellows96">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142719/k.2A1C/Fellows_List__July_1996.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1996|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1997===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Luis Alfaro]], writer and performance artist
*[[Lee Breuer]], playwright
*[[Vija Celmins]], artist
*[[Eric Charnov]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Elouise Cobell]], banker
*[[Peter Galison]], historian
*[[Mark Harrington (activist)|Mark Harrington]], AIDS researcher 
*[[Eva Harris]], molecular biologist
*[[Michael Kremer]], economist
*[[Russel Lande]], biologist
*[[Kerry James Marshall]], artist
*[[Nancy A. Moran]], evolutionary biologist and ecologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Han Ong]], playwright
*[[Kathleen Ross]], educator
*[[Pamela Samuelson]], copyright scholar and activist
*[[Susan Stewart (poet)|Susan Stewart]], literary scholar and poet
*[[Elizabeth Streb]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Trimpin]], sound sculptor
*[[Loïc Wacquant]], sociologist
*[[Kara Walker]], artist
*[[David Foster Wallace]], writer
*[[Andrew Wiles]], mathematician
*[[Brackette Williams]], anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows97">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142721/k.2840/Fellows_List__July_1997.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1997|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1998===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janine Antoni]], artist
*[[Ida Applebroog]], artist
*[[Ellen Barry (attorney)|Ellen Barry]], Attorney and Human Rights Leader
*[[Tim Berners-Lee]], inventor of the World Wide Web protocol
*[[Linda Bierds]], poet
*[[Bernadette Brooten]], historian
*[[John Carlstrom]], astrophysicist
*[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]], historian
*[[Nancy Folbre]], economist
*[[Avner Greif]], economist
*[[Kun-Liang Guan]], biochemist
*[[Gary Hill]], artist
*[[Edward Hirsch]], poet, essayist
*[[Ayesha Jalal]], historian
*[[Charles R. Johnson]], writer
{{col-break}}
*[[Leah Krubitzer]], neuroscientist
*[[Stewart Kwoh]], human rights activist
*[[Charles Lewis (journalist)|Charles Lewis]], journalist
*[[William McDonald]], rancher and conservationist
*[[Peter Miller]], historian
*[[Don Mitchell (geographer)|Don Mitchell]], cultural geographer
*[[Rebecca J. Nelson|Rebecca Nelson]], plant pathologist
*[[Elinor Ochs]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Ishmael Reed]], poet, essayist, novelist
*[[Benjamin D. Santer]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Karl Sims]], computer scientist and artist
*[[Dorothy Thomas]], human rights activist
*[[Leonard Zeskind]], human rights activist
*[[Mary Zimmerman]], playwright<ref name = "Fellows98">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142723/k.28C4/Fellows_List__July_1998.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1998|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1999===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jillian Banfield]], geologist
*[[Carolyn R. Bertozzi|Carolyn Bertozzi]], chemist
*[[Xu Bing]], printmaker
*[[Bruce G. Blair]], policy analyst
*[[John Bonifaz]], election lawyer and voting rights leader
*[[Shawn Carlson]], science educator
*[[Mark Danner]], journalist
*[[Alison L. Des Forges]], human rights activist
*[[Elizabeth Diller]], architect
*[[Saul Friedländer]], historian
*[[Jennifer Gordon]], lawyer
*[[David Hillis]], biologist
*[[Sara Horowitz]], lawyer
*[[Jacqueline Jones]], historian
*[[Laura L. Kiessling]], biochemist
*[[Leslie Kurke]], classicist
{{col-break}}
*[[David Levering Lewis]], biographer and historian
*[[Juan Maldacena]], physicist
*[[Gay J. McDougall]], human rights lawyer
*[[Campbell McGrath]], poet
*[[Denny Moore]], anthropological linguist
*[[Elizabeth Murray (born 1940)|Elizabeth Murray]], artist
*[[Jessica Gia Lewingski]], traveler
*[[Pepon Osorio]], artist
*[[Ricardo Scofidio]], architect
*[[Peter Shor]], computer scientist
*[[Eva Silverstein]], physicist
*[[Wilma Subra]], scientist
*[[Ken Vandermark]], saxophonist, composer
*[[Naomi Wallace]], playwright
*[[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], mathematician
*[[Fred Wilson (artist)|Fred Wilson]], artist
*[[Ofelia Zepeda]], linguist<ref name = "Fellows99">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142725/k.2948/Fellows_List__July_1999.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1999|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2000===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Susan E. Alcock]], archaeologist
*[[K. Christopher Beard]], paleontologist
*[[Lucy Blake]], conservationist
*[[Anne Carson]], poet
*[[Peter Hayes (nuclear activist)|Peter J. Hayes]], energy policy activist
*[[David A. Isay]], radio producer
*[[Alfredo Jaar]], photographer
*[[Ben Katchor]], graphic novelist
*[[Hideo Mabuchi]], physicist
*[[Susan Marshall]], choreographer
*[[Samuel Mockbee]], architect
*[[Cecilia Muñoz]], civil rights policy analyst
*[[Margaret Murnane]], optical physicist
{{col-break}}
*[[Laura Otis]], literary scholar and historian of science
*[[Lucia M. Perillo]], poet
*[[Matthew Rabin]], economist
*[[Carl Safina]], marine conservationist
*[[Daniel P. Schrag]], geochemist
*[[Susan E. Sygall]], civil rights leader
*[[Gina G. Turrigiano]], neuroscientist
*[[Gary Urton]], anthropologist
*[[Patricia J. Williams]], legal scholar
*[[Deborah Willis]], historian of photography and photographer
*[[Erik Winfree]], computer and materials scientist
*[[Horng-Tzer Yau]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows00">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142727/k.2A89/Fellows_List__July_2000.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 2000|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2001===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrea Barrett]], writer
*[[Christopher Chyba]], astrobiologist
*[[Michael Dickinson (biologist)|Michael Dickinson]], fly biologist/bioengineer
*[[Rosanne Haggerty]], housing and community development leader
*[[Lene Hau]], physicist
*[[Dave Hickey]], art critic
*[[Stephen Hough]], pianist
*[[Kay Redfield Jamison]], psychologist
*[[Sandra Lanham]], pilot and conservationist
*[[Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle]], artist
*[[Cynthia Moss]], natural historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Dirk Obbink]], classicist and papyrologist
*Norman Pace, biochemist
*[[Suzan-Lori Parks]], playwright
*[[Brooks Pate]], physical chemist
*[[Xiao Qiang]], human rights leader
*[[Geraldine Seydoux]], molecular biologist
*[[Bright Sheng]], composer
*[[David Spergel]], astrophysicist
*[[Jean Strouse]], biographer
*[[Julie Su (attorney)]], human rights lawyer
*[[David Hildebrand Wilson|David Wilson]], creator of The [[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<ref name = "Fellows01">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142731/k.6679/Fellows_List__October_2001.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows October 2001 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2002===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Danielle Allen]], classicist and political scientist
*[[Bonnie Bassler]], molecular biologist
*[[Ann M. Blair]], intellectual historian
*[[Katherine Boo]], journalist
*[[Paul Ginsparg]], physicist
*[[David B. Goldstein]], energy conservation specialist
*[[Karen Hesse]], writer
*[[Janine Jagger]], epidemiologist
*[[Daniel Jurafsky]], computer scientist and linguist
*[[Toba Khedoori]], artist
*[[Liz Lerman]], choreographer
*[[George Lewis (trombonist)|George E. Lewis]], trombonist
*[[Liza Lou]], artist
{{col-break}}
*[[Edgar Meyer]], bassist and composer
*[[Jack Miles]], writer and Biblical scholar
*[[Erik Mueggler]], anthropologist and ethnographer
*[[Sendhil Mullainathan]], economist
*[[Stanley Nelson]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Lee Ann Newsom]], paleoethnobotanist
*[[Daniela L. Rus]], computer scientist
*[[Charles C. Steidel]], astronomer
*[[Brian Tucker]], seismologist
*[[Camilo José Vergara]], photographer
*[[Paul Wennberg]], atmospheric chemist
*[[Colson Whitehead]], writer<ref name = "Fellows02">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142733/k.98ED/Fellows_List__September_2002.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2002|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2003===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], archaeologist
*[[James Collins (Boston University)|Jim Collins]], biomedical engineer
*[[Lydia Davis]], writer
*[[Erik Demaine]], theoretical computer scientist
*[[Corinne Dufka]], human rights researcher
*[[Peter Gleick]], conservation analyst
*[[Osvaldo Golijov]], composer
*[[Deborah Jin]], physicist
*[[Angela Johnson (writer)|Angela Johnson]], writer
*[[Tom Joyce]], blacksmith
*[[Sarah H. Kagan]], gerontological nurse
*[[Ned Kahn]], artist and science exhibit designer
{{col-break}}
*[[Jim Kim|Jim Yong Kim]], public health physician
*[[Nawal M. Nour]], obstetrician and gynecologist
*[[Loren H. Rieseberg]], botanist
*[[Amy Rosenzweig]], biochemist
*[[Pedro A. Sanchez]], agronomist
*[[Lateefah Simon]], women's development leader
*[[Peter Sis]], illustrator
*[[Sarah Sze]], sculptor
*[[Eve Troutt Powell]], historian
*[[Anders Winroth]], historian
*[[Daisy Youngblood]], ceramic artist
*[[Xiaowei Zhuang]], biophysicist<ref name = "Fellows03">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142737/k.6839/Fellows_List__October_2003.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows October 2003|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2004===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], anthropologist and archaeologist
*[[Angela Belcher]], materials scientist and engineer
*Gretchen Berland, physician and filmmaker
*[[James Carpenter (artist)|James Carpenter]], artist
*[[Joseph DeRisi]], biologist
*[[Katherine Gottlieb]], health care leader
*[[David Green]], technology transfer innovator
*[[Aleksandar Hemon]], writer
*[[Heather Hurst]], archaeological illustrator
*[[Edward P. Jones]], writer
*[[John Kamm]], human rights activist
*[[Daphne Koller]], computer scientist
{{col-break}}
*[[Naomi Leonard]], engineer
*[[Tommie Lindsey]], school debate coach
*[[Rueben Martinez]], businessman and activist
*[[Maria Mavroudi]], historian
*[[Vamsi Mootha]], physician and computational biologist
*[[Judy Pfaff]], American sculptor
*[[Aminah Robinson]], artist
*[[Reginald Robinson]], pianist and composer
*[[Cheryl Rogowski]], farmer
*[[Amy Smith]], inventor and mechanical engineer
*[[Julie Theriot]], microbiologist
*[[C. D. Wright]], poet<ref name = "Fellows04">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142741/k.998D/Fellows_List__September_2004.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2004 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2005===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Marin Alsop]], symphony conductor
*[[Ted Ames]], fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
*[[Terry Belanger]], rare book preservationist
*[[Edet Belzberg]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Majora Carter]], urban revitalization strategist
*[[Lu Chen (Scientist)|Lu Chen]], neuroscientist
*[[Michael Cohen]], pharmacist
*[[Joseph Curtin]], violinmaker
*[[Aaron Dworkin]], music educator
*[[Teresita Fernandez|Teresita Fernández]], sculptor
*[[Claire Gmachl]], quantum cascade laser engineer
*[[Sue Goldie]], physician / researcher
*[[Steven Goodman]], conservation biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Pehr Harbury]], biochemist
*[[Nicole King]], molecular biologist
*[[Jon Kleinberg]], computer scientist
*[[Jonathan Lethem]], novelist
*[[Michael Manga]], geophysicist
*[[Todd Martinez]], theoretical chemist
*[[Julie Mehretu]], painter
*[[Kevin M. Murphy]], economist
*[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]], clinician/researcher
*[[Fazal Sheikh]], photographer
*[[Emily Thompson]], aural historian
*[[Michael Walsh (engineer)|Michael Walsh]], vehicle emissions specialist<ref name = "Fellows05">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142745/k.9B0D/Fellows_List__September_2005.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2005|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2006===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[David Carroll (naturalist)]], naturalist author/illustrator
*[[Regina Carter]], jazz violinist
*[[Kenneth C. Catania]], neurobiologist
*[[Lisa Curran]], tropical forester
*[[Kevin Eggan]], biologist
*[[Jim Fruchterman]], technologist, CEO [[Benetech]]
*[[Atul Gawande]], surgeon and author
*[[Linda Griffith]], bioengineer
*[[Victoria Hale]], CEO [[OneWorld Health]]
*[[Adrian Nicole LeBlanc]], journalist and author
*[[David Macaulay]], author/illustrator
*[[Josiah McElheny]], sculptor
*[[D. Holmes Morton]], physician
{{col-break}}
*[[John A. Rich]], physician
*[[Jennifer Richeson]], social psychologist
*[[Sarah Ruhl]], playwright
*[[George Saunders]], short story writer
*[[Anna Schuleit]], commemorative artist
*[[Shahzia Sikander]], painter
*[[Terence Tao]], mathematician
*[[Claire J. Tomlin]], aviation engineer
*[[Luis von Ahn]], computer scientist
*[[Edith Widder]], deep-sea explorer
*[[Matias Zaldarriaga]], cosmologist
*[[John Zorn]], composer and musician<ref name = "Fellows06Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2066197/k.3F6D/2006_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2006 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2007===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Deborah Bial]], education strategist
*[[Peter Cole]], translator/poet/publisher
*[[Lisa Cooper]], public health physician
*[[Ruth DeFries]], environmental geographer
*[[Mercedes Doretti]], forensic anthropologist
*[[Stuart Dybek]], short story writer
*[[Marc Edwards (engineer)|Marc Edwards]], water quality engineer
*[[Michael Elowitz]], molecular biologist
*[[Saul Griffith]], inventor
*[[Sven Haakanson]], [[Alutiiq]] curator/anthropologist/preservationist
*[[Corey Harris]], blues musician
*[[Cheryl Hayashi]], spider silk biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[My Hang V. Huynh]], chemist
*[[Claire Kremen]], conservation biologist
*[[Whitfield Lovell]], painter/installation artist
*[[Yoky Matsuoka]], neuroroboticist
*[[Lynn Nottage]], playwright
*[[Mark Roth (scientist)|Mark Roth]], biomedical scientist
*[[Paul Rothemund]], nanotechnologist
*[[Jay Rubenstein]], medieval historian
*[[Jonathan Shay]], clinical psychiatrist/classicist
*[[Joan Snyder]], painter
*[[Dawn Upshaw]], vocalist
*[[Shen Wei]], choreographer<ref name = "Fellows07Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913817/k.3EC5/2007_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2007 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-09-24}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2008===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], novelist
*[[Will Allen (urban farmer)|Will Allen]], urban farmer
*[[Regina Benjamin]], rural family doctor
*[[Kirsten Bomblies]], evolutionary plant geneticist
*[[Tara Donovan]], artist
*[[Andrea Ghez]], astrophysicist
*[[Stephen D. Houston]], anthropologist
*[[Mary Jackson (artist)|Mary Jackson]], weaver and sculptor
*[[Leila Josefowicz]], violinist
*[[Alexei Kitaev]], quantum physicist
*[[Walter Kitundu]], instrument maker and composer
*[[Susan Mango]], developmental biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Diane Meier]], geriatrician
*[[David R. Montgomery]], geomorphologist
*[[John Ochsendorf]], engineer and architectural historian
*[[Peter Pronovost]], critical care physician
*[[Adam Riess]], astrophysicist
*[[Alex Ross (music critic)|Alex Ross]], music critic
*[[Wafaa El-Sadr]], infectious disease specialist
*[[Nancy Siraisi]], historian of medicine
*[[Marin Soljačić]], optical physicist
*[[Sally Temple]], neuroscientist
*[[Jennifer Tipton]], stage lighting designer
*[[Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)|Rachel Wilson]], experimental neurobiologist
*[[Miguel Zenón]], saxophonist and composer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.4536877/k.1412/Meet_the_2008_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2008 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2008-09-23}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2009===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Lynsey Addario]], photojournalist
*[[Maneesh Agrawala]], computer vision technologist
*[[Timothy Barrett]], papermaker
*[[Mark Bradford]], mixed media artist
*[[Edwidge Danticat]], novelist
*[[Rackstraw Downes]], painter
*[[Esther Duflo]], economist
*[[Deborah Eisenberg]], short story writer
*[[Lin He]], molecular biologist
*[[Peter Huybers]], climate scientist
*[[James Longley (filmmaker)|James Longley]], filmmaker
*[[L. Mahadevan]], applied mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Heather McHugh]], poet
*[[Jerry Mitchell (investigative reporter)|Jerry Mitchell]], investigative reporter
*[[Rebecca Onie]], health services innovator
*[[Richard Prum]], ornithologist
*[[John A. Rogers]], applied physicist
*[[Elyn Saks]], mental health lawyer
*[[Jill Seaman]], infectious disease physician
*[[Beth Shapiro]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Daniel Sigman]], biogeochemist
*[[Mary Tinetti]], geriatric physician
*[[Camille Utterback]], digital artist
*[[Theodore Zoli]], bridge engineer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.5410503/k.11CB/Meet_the_2009_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2009 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2009-09-22}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

== References in popular culture ==
{{Trivia|date=September 2008}}
* In the television show ''[[Will and Grace]]'', during episode 6.17, Grace says to Will: "If the MacArthur Foundation gave out Evil Genius Grants, you would so win one."
* In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Petarded]]", Peter takes an [[IQ test]] to determine whether he is eligible for a MacArthur grant, believing himself to be a [[genius]]; however, the test results show that he is [[disability|mentally retarded]]. (In real life a ''genius''-level IQ is not a requirement.)
* In the television show ''[[Friends]]'', during episode 9.20 ("The One With the Soap Opera Party"), Charlie ([[Aisha Tyler]]) says to Ross when describing her first boyfriend, "He did win the MacArthur Genius Grant though" in response to all of her boyfriends winning Nobel Prizes except one.
* In the movie ''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'', Frank says that he attempted suicide after his rival was awarded a genius grant for his studies of [[Marcel Proust]].
* In the series ''[[The L Word]]'', season 5 episode 9, Molly tells her mother, Phyllis, "Shane is not gonna win a MacArthur Genius Grant any time soon."
* In the television show ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'', episode 2x11, "The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis", a recipient of the MacArthur Grant, David Underhill, is introduced.
* In the movie ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'', the main character receives a MacArthur Genius Grant, although it appears to be in much greater value than the real life grant since it continues to be awarded to him for over ten years and allows him to build a massive replica of New York in a warehouse and hire hundreds of actors.
* In the television show ''[[FlashForward]]'', season 1 episode 8, Simon mentions that Lloyd Simcoe was a recipient of the MacArthur Prize.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm MacArthur Fellows Program website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur Fellows Program}}
[[Category:Fellowships]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows|*]]

[[fr:Prix MacArthur]]
[[he:עמיתי מקארתור]]
[[nl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[no:The MacArthur Fellows Program]]
[[pl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
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[[uk:Премія МакАртура]]
[[zh:麦克阿瑟奖]]

MacArthur Fellowship

2010-01-21T20:42:04Z

Quiddity: rv - remove Alex Schweder - he seems to have won a different "genius" prize, given by The Stranger (newspaper)

The '''MacArthur Fellows Program''' or '''MacArthur Fellowship''' ([[nickname]]d the '''Genius Award''') is an award given by the [[John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation]] each year to typically 20 to 40 [[United States citizens]] or residents, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced [[creative work]]."

According to the Foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential." The current amount of the award is $500,000, paid as quarterly installments over five years. {{As of|2007}}, there have been 756 recipients who have received a total of more than $350 million.

The Fellowship has no application. People are nominated anonymously by a body of nominators who submit recommendations to a small selection committee of about a dozen people, also anonymous. The committee then reviews every nominee and passes along their recommendations to the President and the [[board of directors]]. Most new MacArthur Fellows first learn that they have even been considered when they receive the congratulatory phone call. An editorial published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by MacArthur Fellow [[James Collins (Boston University)|James Collins]] describes the experience. <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/opinion/19collins.html| title=It Isn't Easy Being a Genius| author= JIM COLLINS| date=September 19, 2005| work=The New York Times }}</ref>

==List of MacArthur Fellows==
MacArthur Fellows organized by the year of their awards:

===1981===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[A. R. Ammons]], poet
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], poet
*[[Gregory Chudnovsky|Gregory V. Chudnovsky]], mathematician
*[[Robert Coles]], child psychiatrist
*[[Shelly Errington]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]], literary critic
*[[Michael Ghiselin]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]], paleontology
*[[Ian Graham]], archaeologist
*[[John Imbrie]], climatologist
*[[Elma Lewis]], arts educator
*[[James Alan McPherson]], novelist, writer
*[[Roy Mottahedeh|Roy P. Mottahedeh]], historian
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], physicist
*[[Robert Root-Bernstein]], biologist and historian of science
*[[Lawrence Rosen]], attorney and anthropologist
*[[Carl E. Schorske]], intellectual historian
*[[Leslie Marmon Silko]], writer
*[[Derek Walcott]], poet and playwright
*[[Robert Penn Warren]], poet, writer, and literary critic
*[[Stephen Wolfram]], computer scientist and physicist<ref name = "Fellows81">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142675/k.24F6/Fellows_List__June_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows June 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*[[John Cairns (biochemist)|John Cairns]], molecular biologist
*[[Joel E. Cohen]], population biologist
*[[Richard Critchfield]], essayist
*[[Howard Gardner]], psychologist
*[[John Gaventa]], sociologist
*[[David Hawkins]], philosopher
*[[John P. Holdren]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[Ada Louise Huxtable]], architectural critic and historian
*[[Robert Kates]], geographer
*[[Raphael Carl Lee]], surgeon
*[[Cormac McCarthy]], writer
*[[Barbara McClintock]], geneticist
*[[Richard C. Mulligan]], molecular biologist
*[[Elaine Pagels|Elaine H. Pagels]], historian of religion
*[[David Pingree]], Historian of Science
*[[Paul G. Richards]], seismologist
*[[Richard Rorty]], philosopher
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]], astrophysicist
*[[Michael Woodford (economist)|Michael Woodford]], economist
*[[George Zweig]], physicist and neurobiologist<ref name = "Fellows81b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139463/k.738A/Fellows_List__December_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows December 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1982===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Fouad Ajami]], political scientist
*[[Charles Bigelow (type designer)|Charles A. Bigelow]], graphic designer
*[[Peter Robert Lamont Brown]], historian
*[[Robert Darnton]], European historian
*[[Persi Diaconis]], statistician
*[[William Gaddis]], novelist
*[[Ved Mehta]], writer
*[[Robert Parris Moses]], educator and philosopher
*[[Richard A. Muller]], geologist and astrophysicist
*[[Conlon Nancarrow]], composer
{{col-break}}
*[[Alfonso Ortiz]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Francesca Rochberg]], Assyriologist and historian of science
*[[Charles Sabel]], political scientist and legal scholar
*[[Ralph Shapey]], composer and conductor
*[[Michael Silverstein]], linguist
*[[Randolph Whitfield, Jr]], ophthalmologist
*[[Frank Wilczek]], physicist
*[[Frederick Wiseman]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Edward Witten]], physicist. Creator of the M-Theory <ref name = "Fellows82">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139465/k.79DA/Fellows_List__August_1982.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1982|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1983===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[R. Stephen Berry]], physical chemist
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian of Africa
*[[William H. Durham]], biological anthropologist
*[[Bradley Efron]], statistician
*[[David L. Felten]], neuroscientist
*[[Shelomo Dov Goitein]], medieval historian
*[[Ramón A. Gutiérrez]], historian
*[[Bela Julesz]], psychologist
*[[William Kennedy (author)|William Kennedy]], novelist
*[[Leszek Kołakowski]], historian of philosophy and religion
*[[Brad Leithauser]], poet and writer
*[[Lawrence W. Levine]], historian
*[[Ralph Manheim]], translator
*[[Charles S. Peskin]], mathematician and physiologist
*[[Julia Robinson]], mathematician
*[[John Sayles]], filmmaker and writer
*[[Peter Sellars]], theater and opera director
{{col-break}}
*[[Adrian Wilson (book designer)]], book designer, printer, and historian of the book
*[[Irene J. Winter]], art historian and archaeologist
*[[Mark S. Wrighton]], chemist<ref name = "Fellows83">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142677/k.7B61/Fellows_List__February_1983.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows February 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Seweryn Bialer]], political scientist
*[[William C. Clark]], ecologist and environmental policy analyst
*[[Randall W. Forsberg]], political scientist and arms control strategist
*[[Alexander L. George]], political scientist
*[[Mott T. Greene]], historian of science
*[[John J. Hopfield]], physicist and biologist
*[[Sylvia A. Law]], human rights lawyer
*[[Robert K. Merton]], historian and sociologist of science
*[[Walter F. Morris, Jr.]], cultural preservationist
*[[A.K. Ramanujan]], poet, translator, and literary scholar
*[[Alice M. Rivlin]], economist and policy analyst
*[[Richard M. Schoen]], mathematician
*[[Karen K. Uhlenbeck]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows83b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/pp.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=1139467&printmode=1|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>

{{col-end}}

===1984===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[George W. Archibald]], ornithologist
*[[Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.]], community organizer
*[[Robert Hass]], poet, critic, and translator
*[[Robert Irwin (artist)|Robert Irwin]], painter and installation artist
*[[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]], novelist and screenwriter
*[[Paul Oskar Kristeller]], intellectual historian and philosopher
*[[Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot]], educator
*[[Heather Lechtman]], materials scientist and archaeologist
*[[Michael Lerner (environmentalist)]], public health leader
*[[Andrew W. Lewis]], medieval historian
*[[Arnold J. Mandell]], neuroscientist and psychiatrist
*[[Matthew Meselson]], geneticist and arms control analyst
*[[David R. Nelson]], physicist
*[[Michael Piore]], economist
*[[Judith N. Shklar]], political philosopher
*[[Charles Simic]], poet, translator, and essayist
*[[David Stuart (Mayanist)|David Stuart]], linguist and epigrapher
*[[John E. Toews]], intellectual historian
*[[James Turrell]], light sculptor
*[[Jay Weiss]], psychologist
*[[Carl R. Woese]], molecular biologist<ref name = "Fellows84">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142681/k.5724/Fellows_List__March_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows March 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Shelly Bernstein]], pediatric hematologist
*[[Peter J. Bickel]], statistician
{{col-break}}
*[[William Drayton (environmentalist)|William Drayton]], public service innovator
*[[Sidney Drell]], physicist and arms policy analyst
*[[Mitchell J. Feigenbaum]], mathematical physicist
*[[Michael H. Freedman]], mathematician
*[[Curtis G. Hames]], family physician
*[[Shirley Heath]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Bette Howland]], writer and literary critic
*[[Bill Irwin]], writer and performance artist
*[[Fritz John]], mathematician
*[[Galway Kinnell]], poet
*[[Henry Kraus]], art historian
*Peter Mathews, archaeologist and epigrapher
*[[Beaumont Newhall]], historian of photography
*[[Roger S. Payne]], zoologist and conservationist
*[[Edward V. Roberts]], civil rights leader
*[[Elliot Sperling]], Tibetan studies scholar
*[[Frank Sulloway]], psychologist (child birth-order research)
*[[Alar Toomre]], astronomer and mathematician
*[[Amos Tversky]], cognitive scientist
*[[J. Kirk Varnedoe]], art historian
*[[Bret Wallach]], geographer
*[[Arthur Winfree]], physiologist and mathematician
*[[Billie Young]], community development leader<ref name = "Fellows84b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142683/k.77C6/Fellows_List__November_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows November 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1985===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Joan Abrahamson]], community development leader
*[[John Ashbery]], poet
*[[John F. Benton]], medieval historian
*[[Harold Bloom]], literary critic
*[[Valery Chalidze]], physicist and human rights organizer
*[[William Cronon]], environmental historian
*[[Merce Cunningham]], choreographer
*[[Jared Diamond]], environmental historian and Geographer
*[[Marian Edelman]], Children's Defense Fund founder
*[[Morton Halperin]], political scientist
*[[Robert M. Hayes]], lawyer and human rights leader
*[[Edwin Hutchins]], cognitive scientist
*[[Sam Maloof]], Woodworker
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrew McGuire]], trauma prevention specialist
*[[Patrick Noonan]], conservationist
*[[George Oster]], mathematical biologist
*[[Thomas G. Palaima]], classicist
*[[Peter Raven]], botanist
*[[Jane S. Richardson]], biochemist
*[[Gregory Schopen]], historian of religion
*[[Franklin Stahl]], geneticist
*[[J. Richard Steffy]], nautical archaeologist
*[[Ellen Stewart]], theater director
*[[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]], choreographer, dance company founder
*[[Shing-Tung Yau]], mathematician <ref name = "Fellows85">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142689/k.2AE6/Fellows_List__July_1985.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1985|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1986===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Paul Adams (scientist)|Paul Adams]], neurobiologist
*[[Milton Babbitt]], composer
*[[Christopher Beckwith]], philologist
*[[Richard Benson]], photographer
*[[Lester R. Brown]], agricultural economist
*[[Caroline Bynum]], medieval historian
*[[William A. Christian]], historian of religion
*[[Nancy Farriss]], historian
*[[Benedict Gross]], mathematician
*[[Daryl Hine]], poet and translator
*[[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|John Robert Horner]], paleobiologist
*[[Thomas C. Joe]], social policy analyst
*[[David Keightley]], historian and sinologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Albert J. Libchaber]], physicist
*[[David C. Page]], molecular geneticist
*[[George Perle]], composer and music theorist
*[[James Randi]], educator
*[[David Rudovsky]], civil rights lawyer
*[[Robert Shapley]], neurophysiologist
*[[Leo Steinberg]], art historian
*[[Richard P. Turco]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Thomas Whiteside]], journalist
*[[Allan C. Wilson]], biochemist
*[[Jay Wright (poet)|Jay Wright]], poet and playwright
*[[Charles Wuorinen]], composer<ref name = "Fellows86">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142693/k.79E6/Fellows_List__August_1986.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1986|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1987===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Walter Abish]], writer
*[[Robert Axelrod]], political scientist
*[[Robert F. Coleman]], mathematician
*[[Douglas Crase]], poet
*[[Daniel Friedan]], physicist
*[[David Gross]], physicist
*[[Ira Herskowitz]], molecular geneticist
*[[Irving Howe]], literary and social critic
*[[Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.]], rural planner
*[[Peter Jeffery]], musicologist
*[[Horace Freeland Judson]], historian of science
*[[Stuart Alan Kauffman]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Richard Kenney]], poet
*[[Eric Lander]], geneticist and mathematician
*[[Michael C. Malin|Michael Malin]], geologist and planetary scientist
*[[Deborah W. Meier]], education reform leader
{{col-break}}
*[[Arnaldo Dante Momigliano]], historian
*[[David Mumford]], mathematician
*[[Tina Rosenberg]], journalist
*[[David Rumelhart]], cognitive scientist and psychologist
*[[Robert Morris Sapolsky]], neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
*[[Meyer Schapiro]], art historian
*[[John H. Schwarz]], physicist
*[[Jon Seger]], evolutionary ecologist
*[[Stephen Shenker]], physicist
*[[David Dean Shulman]], historian of religion
*[[Muriel S. Snowden]], community organizer
*[[Mark Strand]], poet and writer
*[[May Swenson]], poet
*[[Huynh Sanh Thong]], translator and editor
*[[William Julius Wilson]], sociologist
*[[Richard Wrangham]], primate ethologist<ref name = "Fellows87">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142695/k.2A0E/Fellows_List__July_1987.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1987|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1988===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Charles Archambeau]], geophysicist
*[[Michael Baxandall]], art historian
*[[Ruth Behar]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Ran Blake]], composer and pianist
*[[Charles Burnett (director)|Charles Burnett]], filmmaker
*[[Philip James DeVries]], insect biologist
*[[Andre Dubus]], writer
*[[Helen T. Edwards]], physicist
*[[Jon H. Else]], documentary filmmaker
*[[John G. Fleagle]], primatologist and paleontologist
*[[Cornell H. Fleischer]], Middle Eastern historian
*[[Getatchew Haile]], philologist and linguist
*[[Raymond Jeanloz]], geophysicist
*[[Marvin Phillip Kahl]], zoologist
*[[Naomi Pierce]], biologist
*[[Thomas Pynchon]], novelist
*[[Stephen J. Pyne]], environmental historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Max Roach]], percussionist and jazz composer
*[[Paul Roldan|Hipolito (Paul) Roldan]], community developer
*[[Anna Curtenius Roosevelt]], archaeologist
*[[David Alan Rosenberg]], military historian
*[[Susan Irene Rotroff]], archaeologist
*[[Bruce Schwartz]], figurative sculptor and puppeteer
*[[Robert Shaw (physicist)|Robert Shaw]], physicist
*[[Jonathan Spence]], historian
*[[Noel Swerdlow|Noel M. Swerdlow]], historian of science
*[[Gary A. Tomlinson]], musicologist
*[[Alan Walker (academic)|Alan Walker]], paleontologist
*[[Eddie Williams]], policy analyst and civil rights leader
*[[Rita P. Wright]], archaeologist
*[[Garth Youngberg]], agriculturalist<ref name = "Fellows88">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142699/k.7B86/Fellows_List__August_1988.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1988|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1989===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anthony Amsterdam]], attorney and legal scholar
*[[Byllye Avery]], women's healthcare leader
*[[Alvin Bronstein]], human rights lawyer
*[[Leo Buss]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Jay Cantor]], writer
*George Davis, environmental policy analyst
*[[Allen Grossman]], poet
*[[John Harbison]], composer and conductor
*[[Keith Hefner (activist)|Keith Hefner]], journalist and educator
*[[Ralf Hotchkiss]], rehabilitation engineer
*[[John Rice Irwin]], curator and cultural preservationist
*[[Daniel Janzen]], ecologist
*[[Bernice Johnson Reagon]], music historian, composer, and vocalist
*[[Aaron Lansky]], cultural preservationist
*[[Jennifer Moody]], archaeologist and anthropologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Errol Morris]], filmmaker
*[[Vivian Paley]], educator and writer
*[[Richard Powers]], novelist
*[[Martin Puryear]], sculptor
*[[Theodore Rosengarten]], historian
*[[Margaret W. Rossiter]], historian of science
*[[George Russell]], composer and music theorist
*[[Pam Solo]], arms control analyst
*[[Ellendea Proffer Teasley]], translator and publisher
*[[Claire Van Vliet]], book artist
*[[Baldemar Velasquez]], farm labor leader
*[[Bill Viola]], video artist
*[[Eliot Wigginton]], educator
*[[Patricia Wright]], primatologist <ref name = "Fellows89">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142701/k.7886/Fellows_List__August_1989.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1989|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1990===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[John Christian Bailar]], biostatistician
*[[Martha Clarke]], theater director
*[[Jacques d'Amboise]], dance educator
*[[Guy Davenport]], writer and critic
*[[Lisa Delpit]], education reform leader
*[[John Eaton (composer)|John Eaton]], composer
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]], population biologist
*[[Charlotte Erickson]], historian
*[[Lee Friedlander]], photographer
*[[Margaret Geller]], astrophysicist
*[[Jorie Graham]], poet
*[[Patricia Hampl]], writer
*[[John Hollander]], poet and literary critic
*[[Thomas Cleveland Holt]], social and cultural historian
*[[David Kazhdan]], mathematician
*[[Calvin King]], land and farm development specialist
*[[M. A. R. Koehl]], marine biologist
*[[Nancy Kopell]], mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Michael Moschen]], performance artist
*[[Gary Nabhan]], ethnobotanist
*[[Sherry Ortner]], anthropologist
*[[Otis Pitts]], community development leader
*[[Yvonne Rainer]], filmmaker and choreographer
*[[Michael Schudson]], sociologist
*[[Rebecca J. Scott]], historian
*[[Marc Shell]], scholar
*[[Susan Sontag]], writer and cultural critic
*[[Richard Stallman]], Free Software Foundation founder, [[Copyleft]] concept inventor
*[[Guy Tudor]], conservationist
*[[Maria Varela]], community development leader
*[[Gregory Vlastos]], classicist and philosopher
*[[Kent Whealy]], preservationist
*[[Eric Wolf]], anthropologist
*[[Sidney Wolfe]], physician
*[[Robert Woodson]], community development leader
*[[Jose Zalaquett]], human rights lawyer<ref name = "Fellows90">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142703/k.787E/Fellows_List__August_1990.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1990|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1991===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jacqueline Barton]], biophysical chemist
*[[Paul Berman]], journalist
*[[James Blinn]], computer animator
*[[Taylor Branch]], social historian
*[[Trisha Brown]], choreographer
*[[Mari Jo Buhle]], American historian
*[[Patricia Churchland]], (Neuro)philosopher
*[[David Donoho]], statistician
*[[Steven Feld]], anthropologist
*[[Alice Fulton]], poet
*[[Guillermo Gómez-Peña]], writer and artist
*[[Jerzy Grotowski]], theater director
*[[David Hammons]], artist
*[[Sophia Harris]], child care leader
*[[Lewis Hyde]], writer
*[[Ali Akbar Khan]], musician
{{col-break}}
*[[Sergiu Klainerman]], mathematician
*[[Martin Kreitman]], geneticist
*[[Harlan Lane]], psychologist and linguist
*[[William Linder]], community development leader
*[[Patricia Locke]], tribal rights leader
*[[Mark Morris]], choreographer and dancer
*[[Marcel Ophüls]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Arnold Rampersad]], biographer and literary critic
*[[Gunther Schuller]], composer, conductor, jazz historian
*[[Joel Schwartz]], epidemiologist
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist and composer
*[[Julie Taymor]], theater director
*[[David Werner]], health care leader
*[[James Westphal]], engineer and scientist
*[[Eleanor Wilner]], poet <ref name = "Fellows91">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142705/k.28E8/Fellows_List__July_1991.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1991|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1992===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janet Benshoof]], attorney
*[[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], printmaker
*[[Unita Blackwell]], civil rights leader
*[[Lorna Bourg]], rural development leader
*[[Stanley Cavell]], philosopher
*[[Amy Clampitt]], poet
*[[Ingrid Daubechies]], mathematician
*[[Persi Diaconis]], mathematician and statistician
*[[Wendy Ewald]], photographer
*[[Irving Feldman]], poet
*[[Barbara Fields]], historian
*[[Robert Hall (journalist)|Robert Hall]], journalist
*[[Ann Ellis Hanson]], historian
*[[John Henry Holland]], computer scientist
*[[Wes Jackson]], agronomist
*[[Evelyn Keller]], historian and philosopher of science
*[[Steve Lacy]], saxophonist and composer
*[[Suzanne Lebsock]], social historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Sharon Long]], plant biologist
*[[Norman Manea]], writer
*[[Paule Marshall]], writer
*[[Michael Massing]], journalist
*[[Robert McCabe]], educator
*[[Susan Meiselas]], photojournalist
*[[Amalia Mesa-Bains]], artist and cultural critic
*[[Stephen Schneider]], climatologist
*[[Joanna Scott]], writer
*[[John T. Scott]], artist
*[[John Terborgh]], conservation biologist
*[[Twyla Tharp]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Philip Treisman]], mathematics educator
*[[Laurel Thatcher Ulrich]], historian
*[[Geerat J. Vermeij]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Gunter Wagner]], developmental biologist<ref name = "Fellows92">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142707/k.296C/Fellows_List__July_1992.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows July 1992|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1993===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]], philosopher
*[[Demetrios Christodoulou]], mathematician and physicist
*[[Maria Crawford]], geologist
*[[Stanley Crouch]], jazz critic and writer
*[[Nora England]], anthropological linguist
*[[Paul Farmer]], medical anthropologist
*[[Victoria Foe]], developmental biologist
*[[Ernest Gaines]], writer
*[[Pedro Greer]], physician
*[[Thom Gunn]], poet and literary critic
*[[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]], artist
*[[Sokoni Karanja]], child and family development specialist
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet and literary critic
*[[Stephen Lee (chemist)|Stephen Lee]], chemist
*[[Carol Levine]], AIDS policy specialist
*[[Amory Lovins]], physicist and energy analyst
{{col-break}}
*[[Jane Lubchenco]], marine biologist
*[[Ruth Lubic]], nurse / midwife
*[[Jim Powell (poet)|Jim Powell]], poet and translator
*[[Margie Profet]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Thomas Scanlon]], philosopher
*[[Aaron Shirley]], health care leader
*[[Bill Siemering|William Siemering]], journalist and radio producer
*[[Ellen Silbergeld]], toxicologist
*[[Leonard van der Kuijp]], philologist and historian
*[[Frank von Hippel]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[John Wideman]], writer
*[[Heather Williams (biologist)|Heather Williams]], biologist and ornithologist
*[[Marion Williams]], gospel music performer
*[[Robert H. Williams]], physicist and energy analyst
*[[Henry T. Wright]], archaeologist and anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows93">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142709/k.29F0/Fellows_List__July_1993.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1993 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1994===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Robert Adams (photographer)|Robert Adams]], photographer
*[[Jeraldyne Blunden]], choreographer
*[[Anthony Braxton]], avant-garde composer and musician
*[[Rogers Brubaker]], sociologist
*[[Ornette Coleman]], jazz performer and composer
*[[Israel Gelfand]], mathematician and biologist
*[[Faye Ginsburg]], anthropologist
*[[Heidi Hartmann]], economist
*[[Bill T. Jones]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Peter E. Kenmore]], agricultural entomologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Joseph E. Marshall]], educator
*[[Carolyn McKecuen]], economic development leader
*[[Donella Meadows]], writer
*[[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]], company director and choreographer
*[[Hugo Morales (radio)|Hugo Morales]], radio producer
*[[Janine Pease]], educator
*[[Willie Reale]], theater arts educator
*[[Adrienne Rich]], poet and writer
*[[Sam-Ang Sam]], musician and cultural preservationist
*[[Vincent Almendros]], animator
*[[Jack Wisdom]], physicist<ref name = "Fellows94">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142713/k.2894/Fellows_List__July_1994.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1994|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1995===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Allison Anders]], filmmaker
*[[Jed Z. Buchwald]], historian
*[[Octavia Butler]], science fiction novelist
*[[Sandra Cisneros]], writer and poet
*[[Sandy Close]], journalist
*[[Frederick C. Cuny]], disaster relief specialist
*[[Sharon Emerson]], biologist
*[[Richard Foreman]], theater director
*[[Alma Guillermoprieto]], journalist
*[[Virginia Hamilton]], writer
*[[Donald Hopkins]], physician
*[[Susan Kieffer|Susan W. Kieffer]], geologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Elizabeth LeCompte]], theater director
*[[Patricia Nelson Limerick]], historian
*[[Michael Marletta]], chemist
*[[Pamela Matson]], ecologist
*[[Susan McClary]], musicologist
*[[Meredith Monk]], vocalist, composer, director
*[[Rosalind P. Petchesky]], political scientist
*[[Joel Rogers]], political scientist
*[[Cindy Sherman]], photographer
*[[Bryan Stevenson]], human rights lawyer
*[[Nicholas Strausfeld]], neurobiologist
*[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]], historian<ref name = "Fellows95">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142715/k.2918/Fellows_List__July_1995.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1995 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1996===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[James Angel]], astronomer
*[[Joaquin Avila]], voting rights advocate
*[[Allan Berube]], historian
*[[Barbara Block]], marine biologist
*[[Joan Breton Connelly]], classical archaeologist
*[[Thomas Daniel]], biologist
*[[Martin Daniel Eakes]], economic development strategist
*[[Rebecca Goldstein]], writer
*[[Robert Greenstein]], public policy analyst
*[[Richard Howard]], poet
{{col-break}}
*[[John Jesurun]], playwright
*[[Richard Lenski]], biologist
*[[Louis Massiah]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Vonnie McLoyd]], developmental psychologist
*[[Thylias Moss]], poet and writer
*[[Eiko Otake]] & [[Koma Otake]], dancers, choreographers
*[[Nathan Seiberg]], physicist
*[[Anna Deavere Smith]], playwright/journalist/actress
*[[Dorothy Stoneman]], educator
*[[William E. Strickland]], art educator<ref name = "Fellows96">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142719/k.2A1C/Fellows_List__July_1996.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1996|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1997===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Luis Alfaro]], writer and performance artist
*[[Lee Breuer]], playwright
*[[Vija Celmins]], artist
*[[Eric Charnov]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Elouise Cobell]], banker
*[[Peter Galison]], historian
*[[Mark Harrington (activist)|Mark Harrington]], AIDS researcher 
*[[Eva Harris]], molecular biologist
*[[Michael Kremer]], economist
*[[Russel Lande]], biologist
*[[Kerry James Marshall]], artist
*[[Nancy A. Moran]], evolutionary biologist and ecologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Han Ong]], playwright
*[[Kathleen Ross]], educator
*[[Pamela Samuelson]], copyright scholar and activist
*[[Susan Stewart (poet)|Susan Stewart]], literary scholar and poet
*[[Elizabeth Streb]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Trimpin]], sound sculptor
*[[Loïc Wacquant]], sociologist
*[[Kara Walker]], artist
*[[David Foster Wallace]], writer
*[[Andrew Wiles]], mathematician
*[[Brackette Williams]], anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows97">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142721/k.2840/Fellows_List__July_1997.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1997|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1998===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janine Antoni]], artist
*[[Ida Applebroog]], artist
*[[Ellen Barry (attorney)|Ellen Barry]], Attorney and Human Rights Leader
*[[Tim Berners-Lee]], inventor of the World Wide Web protocol
*[[Linda Bierds]], poet
*[[Bernadette Brooten]], historian
*[[John Carlstrom]], astrophysicist
*[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]], historian
*[[Nancy Folbre]], economist
*[[Avner Greif]], economist
*[[Kun-Liang Guan]], biochemist
*[[Gary Hill]], artist
*[[Edward Hirsch]], poet, essayist
*[[Ayesha Jalal]], historian
*[[Charles R. Johnson]], writer
{{col-break}}
*[[Leah Krubitzer]], neuroscientist
*[[Stewart Kwoh]], human rights activist
*[[Charles Lewis (journalist)|Charles Lewis]], journalist
*[[William McDonald]], rancher and conservationist
*[[Peter Miller]], historian
*[[Don Mitchell (geographer)|Don Mitchell]], cultural geographer
*[[Rebecca J. Nelson|Rebecca Nelson]], plant pathologist
*[[Elinor Ochs]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Ishmael Reed]], poet, essayist, novelist
*[[Benjamin D. Santer]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Karl Sims]], computer scientist and artist
*[[Dorothy Thomas]], human rights activist
*[[Leonard Zeskind]], human rights activist
*[[Mary Zimmerman]], playwright<ref name = "Fellows98">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142723/k.28C4/Fellows_List__July_1998.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1998|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1999===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jillian Banfield]], geologist
*[[Carolyn R. Bertozzi|Carolyn Bertozzi]], chemist
*[[Xu Bing]], printmaker
*[[Bruce G. Blair]], policy analyst
*[[John Bonifaz]], election lawyer and voting rights leader
*[[Shawn Carlson]], science educator
*[[Mark Danner]], journalist
*[[Alison L. Des Forges]], human rights activist
*[[Elizabeth Diller]], architect
*[[Saul Friedländer]], historian
*[[Jennifer Gordon]], lawyer
*[[David Hillis]], biologist
*[[Sara Horowitz]], lawyer
*[[Jacqueline Jones]], historian
*[[Laura L. Kiessling]], biochemist
*[[Leslie Kurke]], classicist
{{col-break}}
*[[David Levering Lewis]], biographer and historian
*[[Juan Maldacena]], physicist
*[[Gay J. McDougall]], human rights lawyer
*[[Campbell McGrath]], poet
*[[Denny Moore]], anthropological linguist
*[[Elizabeth Murray (born 1940)|Elizabeth Murray]], artist
*[[Jessica Gia Lewingski]], traveler
*[[Pepon Osorio]], artist
*[[Ricardo Scofidio]], architect
*[[Peter Shor]], computer scientist
*[[Eva Silverstein]], physicist
*[[Wilma Subra]], scientist
*[[Ken Vandermark]], saxophonist, composer
*[[Naomi Wallace]], playwright
*[[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], mathematician
*[[Fred Wilson (artist)|Fred Wilson]], artist
*[[Ofelia Zepeda]], linguist<ref name = "Fellows99">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142725/k.2948/Fellows_List__July_1999.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1999|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2000===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Susan E. Alcock]], archaeologist
*[[K. Christopher Beard]], paleontologist
*[[Lucy Blake]], conservationist
*[[Anne Carson]], poet
*[[Peter Hayes (nuclear activist)|Peter J. Hayes]], energy policy activist
*[[David A. Isay]], radio producer
*[[Alfredo Jaar]], photographer
*[[Ben Katchor]], graphic novelist
*[[Hideo Mabuchi]], physicist
*[[Susan Marshall]], choreographer
*[[Samuel Mockbee]], architect
*[[Cecilia Muñoz]], civil rights policy analyst
*[[Margaret Murnane]], optical physicist
{{col-break}}
*[[Laura Otis]], literary scholar and historian of science
*[[Lucia M. Perillo]], poet
*[[Matthew Rabin]], economist
*[[Carl Safina]], marine conservationist
*[[Daniel P. Schrag]], geochemist
*[[Susan E. Sygall]], civil rights leader
*[[Gina G. Turrigiano]], neuroscientist
*[[Gary Urton]], anthropologist
*[[Patricia J. Williams]], legal scholar
*[[Deborah Willis]], historian of photography and photographer
*[[Erik Winfree]], computer and materials scientist
*[[Horng-Tzer Yau]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows00">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142727/k.2A89/Fellows_List__July_2000.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 2000|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2001===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrea Barrett]], writer
*[[Christopher Chyba]], astrobiologist
*[[Michael Dickinson (biologist)|Michael Dickinson]], fly biologist/bioengineer
*[[Rosanne Haggerty]], housing and community development leader
*[[Lene Hau]], physicist
*[[Dave Hickey]], art critic
*[[Stephen Hough]], pianist
*[[Kay Redfield Jamison]], psychologist
*[[Sandra Lanham]], pilot and conservationist
*[[Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle]], artist
*[[Cynthia Moss]], natural historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Dirk Obbink]], classicist and papyrologist
*Norman Pace, biochemist
*[[Suzan-Lori Parks]], playwright
*[[Brooks Pate]], physical chemist
*[[Xiao Qiang]], human rights leader
*[[Geraldine Seydoux]], molecular biologist
*[[Bright Sheng]], composer
*[[David Spergel]], astrophysicist
*[[Jean Strouse]], biographer
*[[Julie Su (attorney)]], human rights lawyer
*[[David Hildebrand Wilson|David Wilson]], creator of The [[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<ref name = "Fellows01">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142731/k.6679/Fellows_List__October_2001.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows October 2001 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2002===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Danielle Allen]], classicist and political scientist
*[[Bonnie Bassler]], molecular biologist
*[[Ann M. Blair]], intellectual historian
*[[Katherine Boo]], journalist
*[[Paul Ginsparg]], physicist
*[[David B. Goldstein]], energy conservation specialist
*[[Karen Hesse]], writer
*[[Janine Jagger]], epidemiologist
*[[Daniel Jurafsky]], computer scientist and linguist
*[[Toba Khedoori]], artist
*[[Liz Lerman]], choreographer
*[[George Lewis (trombonist)|George E. Lewis]], trombonist
*[[Liza Lou]], artist
{{col-break}}
*[[Edgar Meyer]], bassist and composer
*[[Jack Miles]], writer and Biblical scholar
*[[Erik Mueggler]], anthropologist and ethnographer
*[[Sendhil Mullainathan]], economist
*[[Stanley Nelson]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Lee Ann Newsom]], paleoethnobotanist
*[[Daniela L. Rus]], computer scientist
*[[Charles C. Steidel]], astronomer
*[[Brian Tucker]], seismologist
*[[Camilo José Vergara]], photographer
*[[Paul Wennberg]], atmospheric chemist
*[[Colson Whitehead]], writer<ref name = "Fellows02">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142733/k.98ED/Fellows_List__September_2002.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2002|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2003===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], archaeologist
*[[James Collins (Boston University)|Jim Collins]], biomedical engineer
*[[Lydia Davis]], writer
*[[Erik Demaine]], theoretical computer scientist
*[[Corinne Dufka]], human rights researcher
*[[Peter Gleick]], conservation analyst
*[[Osvaldo Golijov]], composer
*[[Deborah Jin]], physicist
*[[Angela Johnson (writer)|Angela Johnson]], writer
*[[Tom Joyce]], blacksmith
*[[Sarah H. Kagan]], gerontological nurse
*[[Ned Kahn]], artist and science exhibit designer
{{col-break}}
*[[Jim Kim|Jim Yong Kim]], public health physician
*[[Nawal M. Nour]], obstetrician and gynecologist
*[[Loren H. Rieseberg]], botanist
*[[Amy Rosenzweig]], biochemist
*[[Pedro A. Sanchez]], agronomist
*[[Lateefah Simon]], women's development leader
*[[Peter Sis]], illustrator
*[[Sarah Sze]], sculptor
*[[Eve Troutt Powell]], historian
*[[Anders Winroth]], historian
*[[Daisy Youngblood]], ceramic artist
*[[Xiaowei Zhuang]], biophysicist<ref name = "Fellows03">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142737/k.6839/Fellows_List__October_2003.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows October 2003|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2004===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], anthropologist and archaeologist
*[[Angela Belcher]], materials scientist and engineer
*Gretchen Berland, physician and filmmaker
*[[James Carpenter (artist)|James Carpenter]], artist
*[[Joseph DeRisi]], biologist
*[[Katherine Gottlieb]], health care leader
*[[David Green]], technology transfer innovator
*[[Aleksandar Hemon]], writer
*[[Heather Hurst]], archaeological illustrator
*[[Edward P. Jones]], writer
*[[John Kamm]], human rights activist
*[[Daphne Koller]], computer scientist
{{col-break}}
*[[Naomi Leonard]], engineer
*[[Tommie Lindsey]], school debate coach
*[[Rueben Martinez]], businessman and activist
*[[Maria Mavroudi]], historian
*[[Vamsi Mootha]], physician and computational biologist
*[[Judy Pfaff]], American sculptor
*[[Aminah Robinson]], artist
*[[Reginald Robinson]], pianist and composer
*[[Cheryl Rogowski]], farmer
*[[Amy Smith]], inventor and mechanical engineer
*[[Julie Theriot]], microbiologist
*[[C. D. Wright]], poet<ref name = "Fellows04">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142741/k.998D/Fellows_List__September_2004.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2004 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2005===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Marin Alsop]], symphony conductor
*[[Ted Ames]], fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
*[[Terry Belanger]], rare book preservationist
*[[Edet Belzberg]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Majora Carter]], urban revitalization strategist
*[[Lu Chen (Scientist)|Lu Chen]], neuroscientist
*[[Michael Cohen]], pharmacist
*[[Joseph Curtin]], violinmaker
*[[Aaron Dworkin]], music educator
*[[Teresita Fernandez|Teresita Fernández]], sculptor
*[[Claire Gmachl]], quantum cascade laser engineer
*[[Sue Goldie]], physician / researcher
*[[Steven Goodman]], conservation biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Pehr Harbury]], biochemist
*[[Nicole King]], molecular biologist
*[[Jon Kleinberg]], computer scientist
*[[Jonathan Lethem]], novelist
*[[Michael Manga]], geophysicist
*[[Todd Martinez]], theoretical chemist
*[[Julie Mehretu]], painter
*[[Kevin M. Murphy]], economist
*[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]], clinician/researcher
*[[Fazal Sheikh]], photographer
*[[Emily Thompson]], aural historian
*[[Michael Walsh (engineer)|Michael Walsh]], vehicle emissions specialist<ref name = "Fellows05">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142745/k.9B0D/Fellows_List__September_2005.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2005|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2006===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[David Carroll (naturalist)]], naturalist author/illustrator
*[[Regina Carter]], jazz violinist
*[[Kenneth C. Catania]], neurobiologist
*[[Lisa Curran]], tropical forester
*[[Kevin Eggan]], biologist
*[[Jim Fruchterman]], technologist, CEO [[Benetech]]
*[[Atul Gawande]], surgeon and author
*[[Linda Griffith]], bioengineer
*[[Victoria Hale]], CEO [[OneWorld Health]]
*[[Adrian Nicole LeBlanc]], journalist and author
*[[David Macaulay]], author/illustrator
*[[Josiah McElheny]], sculptor
*[[D. Holmes Morton]], physician
{{col-break}}
*[[John A. Rich]], physician
*[[Jennifer Richeson]], social psychologist
*[[Sarah Ruhl]], playwright
*[[George Saunders]], short story writer
*[[Anna Schuleit]], commemorative artist
*[[Shahzia Sikander]], painter
*[[Terence Tao]], mathematician
*[[Claire J. Tomlin]], aviation engineer
*[[Luis von Ahn]], computer scientist
*[[Edith Widder]], deep-sea explorer
*[[Matias Zaldarriaga]], cosmologist
*[[John Zorn]], composer and musician<ref name = "Fellows06Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2066197/k.3F6D/2006_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2006 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2007===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Deborah Bial]], education strategist
*[[Peter Cole]], translator/poet/publisher
*[[Lisa Cooper]], public health physician
*[[Ruth DeFries]], environmental geographer
*[[Mercedes Doretti]], forensic anthropologist
*[[Stuart Dybek]], short story writer
*[[Marc Edwards (engineer)|Marc Edwards]], water quality engineer
*[[Michael Elowitz]], molecular biologist
*[[Saul Griffith]], inventor
*[[Sven Haakanson]], [[Alutiiq]] curator/anthropologist/preservationist
*[[Corey Harris]], blues musician
*[[Cheryl Hayashi]], spider silk biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[My Hang V. Huynh]], chemist
*[[Claire Kremen]], conservation biologist
*[[Whitfield Lovell]], painter/installation artist
*[[Yoky Matsuoka]], neuroroboticist
*[[Lynn Nottage]], playwright
*[[Mark Roth (scientist)|Mark Roth]], biomedical scientist
*[[Paul Rothemund]], nanotechnologist
*[[Jay Rubenstein]], medieval historian
*[[Jonathan Shay]], clinical psychiatrist/classicist
*[[Joan Snyder]], painter
*[[Dawn Upshaw]], vocalist
*[[Shen Wei]], choreographer<ref name = "Fellows07Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913817/k.3EC5/2007_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2007 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-09-24}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2008===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], novelist
*[[Will Allen (urban farmer)|Will Allen]], urban farmer
*[[Regina Benjamin]], rural family doctor
*[[Kirsten Bomblies]], evolutionary plant geneticist
*[[Tara Donovan]], artist
*[[Andrea Ghez]], astrophysicist
*[[Stephen D. Houston]], anthropologist
*[[Mary Jackson (artist)|Mary Jackson]], weaver and sculptor
*[[Leila Josefowicz]], violinist
*[[Alexei Kitaev]], quantum physicist
*[[Walter Kitundu]], instrument maker and composer
*[[Susan Mango]], developmental biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Diane Meier]], geriatrician
*[[David R. Montgomery]], geomorphologist
*[[John Ochsendorf]], engineer and architectural historian
*[[Peter Pronovost]], critical care physician
*[[Adam Riess]], astrophysicist
*[[Alex Ross (music critic)|Alex Ross]], music critic
*[[Wafaa El-Sadr]], infectious disease specialist
*[[Nancy Siraisi]], historian of medicine
*[[Marin Soljačić]], optical physicist
*[[Sally Temple]], neuroscientist
*[[Jennifer Tipton]], stage lighting designer
*[[Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)|Rachel Wilson]], experimental neurobiologist
*[[Miguel Zenón]], saxophonist and composer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.4536877/k.1412/Meet_the_2008_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2008 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2008-09-23}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2009===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Lynsey Addario]], photojournalist
*[[Maneesh Agrawala]], computer vision technologist
*[[Timothy Barrett]], papermaker
*[[Mark Bradford]], mixed media artist
*[[Edwidge Danticat]], novelist
*[[Rackstraw Downes]], painter
*[[Esther Duflo]], economist
*[[Deborah Eisenberg]], short story writer
*[[Lin He]], molecular biologist
*[[Peter Huybers]], climate scientist
*[[James Longley (filmmaker)|James Longley]], filmmaker
*[[L. Mahadevan]], applied mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Heather McHugh]], poet
*[[Jerry Mitchell (investigative reporter)|Jerry Mitchell]], investigative reporter
*[[Rebecca Onie]], health services innovator
*[[Richard Prum]], ornithologist
*[[John A. Rogers]], applied physicist
*[[Elyn Saks]], mental health lawyer
*[[Jill Seaman]], infectious disease physician
*[[Beth Shapiro]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Daniel Sigman]], biogeochemist
*[[Mary Tinetti]], geriatric physician
*[[Camille Utterback]], digital artist
*[[Theodore Zoli]], bridge engineer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.5410503/k.11CB/Meet_the_2009_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2009 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2009-09-22}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

== References in popular culture ==
{{Trivia|date=September 2008}}
* In the television show ''[[Will and Grace]]'', during episode 6.17, Grace says to Will: "If the MacArthur Foundation gave out Evil Genius Grants, you would so win one."
* In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Petarded]]", Peter takes an [[IQ test]] to determine whether he is eligible for a MacArthur grant, believing himself to be a [[genius]]; however, the test results show that he is [[disability|mentally retarded]]. (In real life a ''genius''-level IQ is not a requirement.)
* In the television show ''[[Friends]]'', during episode 9.20 ("The One With the Soap Opera Party"), Charlie ([[Aisha Tyler]]) says to Ross when describing her first boyfriend, "He did win the MacArthur Genius Grant though" in response to all of her boyfriends winning Nobel Prizes except one.
* In the movie ''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'', Frank says that he attempted suicide after his rival was awarded a genius grant for his studies of [[Marcel Proust]].
* In the series ''[[The L Word]]'', season 5 episode 9, Molly tells her mother, Phyllis, "Shane is not gonna win a MacArthur Genius Grant any time soon."
* In the television show ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'', episode 2x11, "The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis", a recipient of the MacArthur Grant, David Underhill, is introduced.
* In the movie ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'', the main character receives a MacArthur Genius Grant, although it appears to be in much greater value than the real life grant since it continues to be awarded to him for over ten years and allows him to build a massive replica of New York in a warehouse and hire hundreds of actors.
* In the television show ''[[FlashForward]]'', season 1 episode 8, Simon mentions that Lloyd Simcoe was a recipient of the MacArthur Prize.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm MacArthur Fellows Program website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur Fellows Program}}
[[Category:Fellowships]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows|*]]

[[fr:Prix MacArthur]]
[[he:עמיתי מקארתור]]
[[nl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[no:The MacArthur Fellows Program]]
[[pl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[fi:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[uk:Премія МакАртура]]
[[zh:麦克阿瑟奖]]

MacArthur Fellowship

2010-01-21T06:19:31Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 339082036 by JBsupreme (talk) - unexplained deletion? (I checked, that entry is correctly cited)

The '''MacArthur Fellows Program''' or '''MacArthur Fellowship''' ([[nickname]]d the '''Genius Award''') is an award given by the [[John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation]] each year to typically 20 to 40 [[United States citizens]] or residents, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced [[creative work]]."

According to the Foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential." The current amount of the award is $500,000, paid as quarterly installments over five years. {{As of|2007}}, there have been 756 recipients who have received a total of more than $350 million.

The Fellowship has no application. People are nominated anonymously by a body of nominators who submit recommendations to a small selection committee of about a dozen people, also anonymous. The committee then reviews every nominee and passes along their recommendations to the President and the [[board of directors]]. Most new MacArthur Fellows first learn that they have even been considered when they receive the congratulatory phone call. An editorial published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by MacArthur Fellow [[James Collins (Boston University)|James Collins]] describes the experience. <ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/opinion/19collins.html| title=It Isn't Easy Being a Genius| author= JIM COLLINS| date=September 19, 2005| work=The New York Times }}</ref>

==List of MacArthur Fellows==
MacArthur Fellows organized by the year of their awards:

===1981===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[A. R. Ammons]], poet
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], poet
*[[Gregory Chudnovsky|Gregory V. Chudnovsky]], mathematician
*[[Robert Coles]], child psychiatrist
*[[Shelly Errington]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]], literary critic
*[[Michael Ghiselin]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]], paleontology
*[[Ian Graham]], archaeologist
*[[John Imbrie]], climatologist
*[[Elma Lewis]], arts educator
*[[James Alan McPherson]], novelist, writer
*[[Roy Mottahedeh|Roy P. Mottahedeh]], historian
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], physicist
*[[Robert Root-Bernstein]], biologist and historian of science
*[[Lawrence Rosen]], attorney and anthropologist
*[[Carl E. Schorske]], intellectual historian
*[[Leslie Marmon Silko]], writer
*[[Derek Walcott]], poet and playwright
*[[Robert Penn Warren]], poet, writer, and literary critic
*[[Stephen Wolfram]], computer scientist and physicist<ref name = "Fellows81">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142675/k.24F6/Fellows_List__June_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows June 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*[[John Cairns (biochemist)|John Cairns]], molecular biologist
*[[Joel E. Cohen]], population biologist
*[[Richard Critchfield]], essayist
*[[Howard Gardner]], psychologist
*[[John Gaventa]], sociologist
*[[David Hawkins]], philosopher
*[[John P. Holdren]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[Ada Louise Huxtable]], architectural critic and historian
*[[Robert Kates]], geographer
*[[Raphael Carl Lee]], surgeon
*[[Cormac McCarthy]], writer
*[[Barbara McClintock]], geneticist
*[[Richard C. Mulligan]], molecular biologist
*[[Elaine Pagels|Elaine H. Pagels]], historian of religion
*[[David Pingree]], Historian of Science
*[[Paul G. Richards]], seismologist
*[[Richard Rorty]], philosopher
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]], astrophysicist
*[[Michael Woodford (economist)|Michael Woodford]], economist
*[[George Zweig]], physicist and neurobiologist<ref name = "Fellows81b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139463/k.738A/Fellows_List__December_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows December 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1982===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Fouad Ajami]], political scientist
*[[Charles Bigelow (type designer)|Charles A. Bigelow]], graphic designer
*[[Peter Robert Lamont Brown]], historian
*[[Robert Darnton]], European historian
*[[Persi Diaconis]], statistician
*[[William Gaddis]], novelist
*[[Ved Mehta]], writer
*[[Robert Parris Moses]], educator and philosopher
*[[Richard A. Muller]], geologist and astrophysicist
*[[Conlon Nancarrow]], composer
{{col-break}}
*[[Alfonso Ortiz]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Francesca Rochberg]], Assyriologist and historian of science
*[[Charles Sabel]], political scientist and legal scholar
*[[Ralph Shapey]], composer and conductor
*[[Michael Silverstein]], linguist
*[[Randolph Whitfield, Jr]], ophthalmologist
*[[Frank Wilczek]], physicist
*[[Frederick Wiseman]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Edward Witten]], physicist. Creator of the M-Theory <ref name = "Fellows82">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139465/k.79DA/Fellows_List__August_1982.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1982|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1983===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[R. Stephen Berry]], physical chemist
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian of Africa
*[[William H. Durham]], biological anthropologist
*[[Bradley Efron]], statistician
*[[David L. Felten]], neuroscientist
*[[Shelomo Dov Goitein]], medieval historian
*[[Ramón A. Gutiérrez]], historian
*[[Bela Julesz]], psychologist
*[[William Kennedy (author)|William Kennedy]], novelist
*[[Leszek Kołakowski]], historian of philosophy and religion
*[[Brad Leithauser]], poet and writer
*[[Lawrence W. Levine]], historian
*[[Ralph Manheim]], translator
*[[Charles S. Peskin]], mathematician and physiologist
*[[Julia Robinson]], mathematician
*[[John Sayles]], filmmaker and writer
*[[Peter Sellars]], theater and opera director
{{col-break}}
*[[Adrian Wilson (book designer)]], book designer, printer, and historian of the book
*[[Irene J. Winter]], art historian and archaeologist
*[[Mark S. Wrighton]], chemist<ref name = "Fellows83">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142677/k.7B61/Fellows_List__February_1983.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows February 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Seweryn Bialer]], political scientist
*[[William C. Clark]], ecologist and environmental policy analyst
*[[Randall W. Forsberg]], political scientist and arms control strategist
*[[Alexander L. George]], political scientist
*[[Mott T. Greene]], historian of science
*[[John J. Hopfield]], physicist and biologist
*[[Sylvia A. Law]], human rights lawyer
*[[Robert K. Merton]], historian and sociologist of science
*[[Walter F. Morris, Jr.]], cultural preservationist
*[[A.K. Ramanujan]], poet, translator, and literary scholar
*[[Alice M. Rivlin]], economist and policy analyst
*[[Richard M. Schoen]], mathematician
*[[Karen K. Uhlenbeck]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows83b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/pp.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=1139467&printmode=1|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>

{{col-end}}

===1984===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[George W. Archibald]], ornithologist
*[[Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.]], community organizer
*[[Robert Hass]], poet, critic, and translator
*[[Robert Irwin (artist)|Robert Irwin]], painter and installation artist
*[[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]], novelist and screenwriter
*[[Paul Oskar Kristeller]], intellectual historian and philosopher
*[[Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot]], educator
*[[Heather Lechtman]], materials scientist and archaeologist
*[[Michael Lerner (environmentalist)]], public health leader
*[[Andrew W. Lewis]], medieval historian
*[[Arnold J. Mandell]], neuroscientist and psychiatrist
*[[Matthew Meselson]], geneticist and arms control analyst
*[[David R. Nelson]], physicist
*[[Michael Piore]], economist
*[[Judith N. Shklar]], political philosopher
*[[Charles Simic]], poet, translator, and essayist
*[[David Stuart (Mayanist)|David Stuart]], linguist and epigrapher
*[[John E. Toews]], intellectual historian
*[[James Turrell]], light sculptor
*[[Jay Weiss]], psychologist
*[[Carl R. Woese]], molecular biologist<ref name = "Fellows84">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142681/k.5724/Fellows_List__March_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows March 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Shelly Bernstein]], pediatric hematologist
*[[Peter J. Bickel]], statistician
{{col-break}}
*[[William Drayton (environmentalist)|William Drayton]], public service innovator
*[[Sidney Drell]], physicist and arms policy analyst
*[[Mitchell J. Feigenbaum]], mathematical physicist
*[[Michael H. Freedman]], mathematician
*[[Curtis G. Hames]], family physician
*[[Shirley Heath]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Bette Howland]], writer and literary critic
*[[Bill Irwin]], writer and performance artist
*[[Fritz John]], mathematician
*[[Galway Kinnell]], poet
*[[Henry Kraus]], art historian
*Peter Mathews, archaeologist and epigrapher
*[[Beaumont Newhall]], historian of photography
*[[Roger S. Payne]], zoologist and conservationist
*[[Edward V. Roberts]], civil rights leader
*[[Elliot Sperling]], Tibetan studies scholar
*[[Frank Sulloway]], psychologist (child birth-order research)
*[[Alar Toomre]], astronomer and mathematician
*[[Amos Tversky]], cognitive scientist
*[[J. Kirk Varnedoe]], art historian
*[[Bret Wallach]], geographer
*[[Arthur Winfree]], physiologist and mathematician
*[[Billie Young]], community development leader<ref name = "Fellows84b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142683/k.77C6/Fellows_List__November_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows November 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1985===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Joan Abrahamson]], community development leader
*[[John Ashbery]], poet
*[[John F. Benton]], medieval historian
*[[Harold Bloom]], literary critic
*[[Valery Chalidze]], physicist and human rights organizer
*[[William Cronon]], environmental historian
*[[Merce Cunningham]], choreographer
*[[Jared Diamond]], environmental historian and Geographer
*[[Marian Edelman]], Children's Defense Fund founder
*[[Morton Halperin]], political scientist
*[[Robert M. Hayes]], lawyer and human rights leader
*[[Edwin Hutchins]], cognitive scientist
*[[Sam Maloof]], Woodworker
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrew McGuire]], trauma prevention specialist
*[[Patrick Noonan]], conservationist
*[[George Oster]], mathematical biologist
*[[Thomas G. Palaima]], classicist
*[[Peter Raven]], botanist
*[[Jane S. Richardson]], biochemist
*[[Gregory Schopen]], historian of religion
*[[Franklin Stahl]], geneticist
*[[J. Richard Steffy]], nautical archaeologist
*[[Ellen Stewart]], theater director
*[[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]], choreographer, dance company founder
*[[Shing-Tung Yau]], mathematician <ref name = "Fellows85">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142689/k.2AE6/Fellows_List__July_1985.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1985|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1986===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Paul Adams (scientist)|Paul Adams]], neurobiologist
*[[Milton Babbitt]], composer
*[[Christopher Beckwith]], philologist
*[[Richard Benson]], photographer
*[[Lester R. Brown]], agricultural economist
*[[Caroline Bynum]], medieval historian
*[[William A. Christian]], historian of religion
*[[Nancy Farriss]], historian
*[[Benedict Gross]], mathematician
*[[Daryl Hine]], poet and translator
*[[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|John Robert Horner]], paleobiologist
*[[Thomas C. Joe]], social policy analyst
*[[David Keightley]], historian and sinologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Albert J. Libchaber]], physicist
*[[David C. Page]], molecular geneticist
*[[George Perle]], composer and music theorist
*[[James Randi]], educator
*[[David Rudovsky]], civil rights lawyer
*[[Robert Shapley]], neurophysiologist
*[[Leo Steinberg]], art historian
*[[Richard P. Turco]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Thomas Whiteside]], journalist
*[[Allan C. Wilson]], biochemist
*[[Jay Wright (poet)|Jay Wright]], poet and playwright
*[[Charles Wuorinen]], composer<ref name = "Fellows86">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142693/k.79E6/Fellows_List__August_1986.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1986|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1987===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Walter Abish]], writer
*[[Robert Axelrod]], political scientist
*[[Robert F. Coleman]], mathematician
*[[Douglas Crase]], poet
*[[Daniel Friedan]], physicist
*[[David Gross]], physicist
*[[Ira Herskowitz]], molecular geneticist
*[[Irving Howe]], literary and social critic
*[[Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.]], rural planner
*[[Peter Jeffery]], musicologist
*[[Horace Freeland Judson]], historian of science
*[[Stuart Alan Kauffman]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Richard Kenney]], poet
*[[Eric Lander]], geneticist and mathematician
*[[Michael C. Malin|Michael Malin]], geologist and planetary scientist
*[[Deborah W. Meier]], education reform leader
{{col-break}}
*[[Arnaldo Dante Momigliano]], historian
*[[David Mumford]], mathematician
*[[Tina Rosenberg]], journalist
*[[David Rumelhart]], cognitive scientist and psychologist
*[[Robert Morris Sapolsky]], neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
*[[Meyer Schapiro]], art historian
*[[John H. Schwarz]], physicist
*[[Jon Seger]], evolutionary ecologist
*[[Stephen Shenker]], physicist
*[[David Dean Shulman]], historian of religion
*[[Muriel S. Snowden]], community organizer
*[[Mark Strand]], poet and writer
*[[May Swenson]], poet
*[[Huynh Sanh Thong]], translator and editor
*[[William Julius Wilson]], sociologist
*[[Richard Wrangham]], primate ethologist<ref name = "Fellows87">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142695/k.2A0E/Fellows_List__July_1987.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1987|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1988===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Charles Archambeau]], geophysicist
*[[Michael Baxandall]], art historian
*[[Ruth Behar]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Ran Blake]], composer and pianist
*[[Charles Burnett (director)|Charles Burnett]], filmmaker
*[[Philip James DeVries]], insect biologist
*[[Andre Dubus]], writer
*[[Helen T. Edwards]], physicist
*[[Jon H. Else]], documentary filmmaker
*[[John G. Fleagle]], primatologist and paleontologist
*[[Cornell H. Fleischer]], Middle Eastern historian
*[[Getatchew Haile]], philologist and linguist
*[[Raymond Jeanloz]], geophysicist
*[[Marvin Phillip Kahl]], zoologist
*[[Naomi Pierce]], biologist
*[[Thomas Pynchon]], novelist
*[[Stephen J. Pyne]], environmental historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Max Roach]], percussionist and jazz composer
*[[Paul Roldan|Hipolito (Paul) Roldan]], community developer
*[[Anna Curtenius Roosevelt]], archaeologist
*[[David Alan Rosenberg]], military historian
*[[Susan Irene Rotroff]], archaeologist
*[[Bruce Schwartz]], figurative sculptor and puppeteer
*[[Robert Shaw (physicist)|Robert Shaw]], physicist
*[[Jonathan Spence]], historian
*[[Noel Swerdlow|Noel M. Swerdlow]], historian of science
*[[Gary A. Tomlinson]], musicologist
*[[Alan Walker (academic)|Alan Walker]], paleontologist
*[[Eddie Williams]], policy analyst and civil rights leader
*[[Rita P. Wright]], archaeologist
*[[Garth Youngberg]], agriculturalist<ref name = "Fellows88">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142699/k.7B86/Fellows_List__August_1988.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1988|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1989===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anthony Amsterdam]], attorney and legal scholar
*[[Byllye Avery]], women's healthcare leader
*[[Alvin Bronstein]], human rights lawyer
*[[Leo Buss]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Jay Cantor]], writer
*George Davis, environmental policy analyst
*[[Allen Grossman]], poet
*[[John Harbison]], composer and conductor
*[[Keith Hefner (activist)|Keith Hefner]], journalist and educator
*[[Ralf Hotchkiss]], rehabilitation engineer
*[[John Rice Irwin]], curator and cultural preservationist
*[[Daniel Janzen]], ecologist
*[[Bernice Johnson Reagon]], music historian, composer, and vocalist
*[[Aaron Lansky]], cultural preservationist
*[[Jennifer Moody]], archaeologist and anthropologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Errol Morris]], filmmaker
*[[Vivian Paley]], educator and writer
*[[Richard Powers]], novelist
*[[Martin Puryear]], sculptor
*[[Theodore Rosengarten]], historian
*[[Margaret W. Rossiter]], historian of science
*[[George Russell]], composer and music theorist
*[[Pam Solo]], arms control analyst
*[[Ellendea Proffer Teasley]], translator and publisher
*[[Claire Van Vliet]], book artist
*[[Baldemar Velasquez]], farm labor leader
*[[Bill Viola]], video artist
*[[Eliot Wigginton]], educator
*[[Patricia Wright]], primatologist <ref name = "Fellows89">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142701/k.7886/Fellows_List__August_1989.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1989|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1990===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[John Christian Bailar]], biostatistician
*[[Martha Clarke]], theater director
*[[Jacques d'Amboise]], dance educator
*[[Guy Davenport]], writer and critic
*[[Lisa Delpit]], education reform leader
*[[John Eaton (composer)|John Eaton]], composer
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]], population biologist
*[[Charlotte Erickson]], historian
*[[Lee Friedlander]], photographer
*[[Margaret Geller]], astrophysicist
*[[Jorie Graham]], poet
*[[Patricia Hampl]], writer
*[[John Hollander]], poet and literary critic
*[[Thomas Cleveland Holt]], social and cultural historian
*[[David Kazhdan]], mathematician
*[[Calvin King]], land and farm development specialist
*[[M. A. R. Koehl]], marine biologist
*[[Nancy Kopell]], mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Michael Moschen]], performance artist
*[[Gary Nabhan]], ethnobotanist
*[[Sherry Ortner]], anthropologist
*[[Otis Pitts]], community development leader
*[[Yvonne Rainer]], filmmaker and choreographer
*[[Michael Schudson]], sociologist
*[[Rebecca J. Scott]], historian
*[[Marc Shell]], scholar
*[[Susan Sontag]], writer and cultural critic
*[[Richard Stallman]], Free Software Foundation founder, [[Copyleft]] concept inventor
*[[Guy Tudor]], conservationist
*[[Maria Varela]], community development leader
*[[Gregory Vlastos]], classicist and philosopher
*[[Kent Whealy]], preservationist
*[[Eric Wolf]], anthropologist
*[[Sidney Wolfe]], physician
*[[Robert Woodson]], community development leader
*[[Jose Zalaquett]], human rights lawyer<ref name = "Fellows90">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142703/k.787E/Fellows_List__August_1990.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1990|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1991===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jacqueline Barton]], biophysical chemist
*[[Paul Berman]], journalist
*[[James Blinn]], computer animator
*[[Taylor Branch]], social historian
*[[Trisha Brown]], choreographer
*[[Mari Jo Buhle]], American historian
*[[Patricia Churchland]], (Neuro)philosopher
*[[David Donoho]], statistician
*[[Steven Feld]], anthropologist
*[[Alice Fulton]], poet
*[[Guillermo Gómez-Peña]], writer and artist
*[[Jerzy Grotowski]], theater director
*[[David Hammons]], artist
*[[Sophia Harris]], child care leader
*[[Lewis Hyde]], writer
*[[Ali Akbar Khan]], musician
{{col-break}}
*[[Sergiu Klainerman]], mathematician
*[[Martin Kreitman]], geneticist
*[[Harlan Lane]], psychologist and linguist
*[[William Linder]], community development leader
*[[Patricia Locke]], tribal rights leader
*[[Mark Morris]], choreographer and dancer
*[[Marcel Ophüls]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Arnold Rampersad]], biographer and literary critic
*[[Gunther Schuller]], composer, conductor, jazz historian
*[[Joel Schwartz]], epidemiologist
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist and composer
*[[Julie Taymor]], theater director
*[[David Werner]], health care leader
*[[James Westphal]], engineer and scientist
*[[Eleanor Wilner]], poet <ref name = "Fellows91">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142705/k.28E8/Fellows_List__July_1991.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1991|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1992===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janet Benshoof]], attorney
*[[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], printmaker
*[[Unita Blackwell]], civil rights leader
*[[Lorna Bourg]], rural development leader
*[[Stanley Cavell]], philosopher
*[[Amy Clampitt]], poet
*[[Ingrid Daubechies]], mathematician
*[[Persi Diaconis]], mathematician and statistician
*[[Wendy Ewald]], photographer
*[[Irving Feldman]], poet
*[[Barbara Fields]], historian
*[[Robert Hall (journalist)|Robert Hall]], journalist
*[[Ann Ellis Hanson]], historian
*[[John Henry Holland]], computer scientist
*[[Wes Jackson]], agronomist
*[[Evelyn Keller]], historian and philosopher of science
*[[Steve Lacy]], saxophonist and composer
*[[Suzanne Lebsock]], social historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Sharon Long]], plant biologist
*[[Norman Manea]], writer
*[[Paule Marshall]], writer
*[[Michael Massing]], journalist
*[[Robert McCabe]], educator
*[[Susan Meiselas]], photojournalist
*[[Amalia Mesa-Bains]], artist and cultural critic
*[[Stephen Schneider]], climatologist
*[[Joanna Scott]], writer
*[[John T. Scott]], artist
*[[John Terborgh]], conservation biologist
*[[Twyla Tharp]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Philip Treisman]], mathematics educator
*[[Laurel Thatcher Ulrich]], historian
*[[Geerat J. Vermeij]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Gunter Wagner]], developmental biologist<ref name = "Fellows92">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142707/k.296C/Fellows_List__July_1992.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows July 1992|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1993===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]], philosopher
*[[Demetrios Christodoulou]], mathematician and physicist
*[[Maria Crawford]], geologist
*[[Stanley Crouch]], jazz critic and writer
*[[Nora England]], anthropological linguist
*[[Paul Farmer]], medical anthropologist
*[[Victoria Foe]], developmental biologist
*[[Ernest Gaines]], writer
*[[Pedro Greer]], physician
*[[Thom Gunn]], poet and literary critic
*[[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]], artist
*[[Sokoni Karanja]], child and family development specialist
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet and literary critic
*[[Stephen Lee (chemist)|Stephen Lee]], chemist
*[[Carol Levine]], AIDS policy specialist
*[[Amory Lovins]], physicist and energy analyst
{{col-break}}
*[[Jane Lubchenco]], marine biologist
*[[Ruth Lubic]], nurse / midwife
*[[Jim Powell (poet)|Jim Powell]], poet and translator
*[[Margie Profet]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Thomas Scanlon]], philosopher
*[[Aaron Shirley]], health care leader
*[[Bill Siemering|William Siemering]], journalist and radio producer
*[[Ellen Silbergeld]], toxicologist
*[[Leonard van der Kuijp]], philologist and historian
*[[Frank von Hippel]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[John Wideman]], writer
*[[Heather Williams (biologist)|Heather Williams]], biologist and ornithologist
*[[Marion Williams]], gospel music performer
*[[Robert H. Williams]], physicist and energy analyst
*[[Henry T. Wright]], archaeologist and anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows93">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142709/k.29F0/Fellows_List__July_1993.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1993 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1994===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Robert Adams (photographer)|Robert Adams]], photographer
*[[Jeraldyne Blunden]], choreographer
*[[Anthony Braxton]], avant-garde composer and musician
*[[Rogers Brubaker]], sociologist
*[[Ornette Coleman]], jazz performer and composer
*[[Israel Gelfand]], mathematician and biologist
*[[Faye Ginsburg]], anthropologist
*[[Heidi Hartmann]], economist
*[[Bill T. Jones]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Peter E. Kenmore]], agricultural entomologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Joseph E. Marshall]], educator
*[[Carolyn McKecuen]], economic development leader
*[[Donella Meadows]], writer
*[[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]], company director and choreographer
*[[Hugo Morales (radio)|Hugo Morales]], radio producer
*[[Janine Pease]], educator
*[[Willie Reale]], theater arts educator
*[[Adrienne Rich]], poet and writer
*[[Sam-Ang Sam]], musician and cultural preservationist
*[[Vincent Almendros]], animator
*[[Jack Wisdom]], physicist<ref name = "Fellows94">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142713/k.2894/Fellows_List__July_1994.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1994|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1995===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Allison Anders]], filmmaker
*[[Jed Z. Buchwald]], historian
*[[Octavia Butler]], science fiction novelist
*[[Sandra Cisneros]], writer and poet
*[[Sandy Close]], journalist
*[[Frederick C. Cuny]], disaster relief specialist
*[[Sharon Emerson]], biologist
*[[Richard Foreman]], theater director
*[[Alma Guillermoprieto]], journalist
*[[Virginia Hamilton]], writer
*[[Donald Hopkins]], physician
*[[Susan Kieffer|Susan W. Kieffer]], geologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Elizabeth LeCompte]], theater director
*[[Patricia Nelson Limerick]], historian
*[[Michael Marletta]], chemist
*[[Pamela Matson]], ecologist
*[[Susan McClary]], musicologist
*[[Meredith Monk]], vocalist, composer, director
*[[Rosalind P. Petchesky]], political scientist
*[[Joel Rogers]], political scientist
*[[Cindy Sherman]], photographer
*[[Bryan Stevenson]], human rights lawyer
*[[Nicholas Strausfeld]], neurobiologist
*[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]], historian<ref name = "Fellows95">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142715/k.2918/Fellows_List__July_1995.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1995 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1996===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[James Angel]], astronomer
*[[Joaquin Avila]], voting rights advocate
*[[Allan Berube]], historian
*[[Barbara Block]], marine biologist
*[[Joan Breton Connelly]], classical archaeologist
*[[Thomas Daniel]], biologist
*[[Martin Daniel Eakes]], economic development strategist
*[[Rebecca Goldstein]], writer
*[[Robert Greenstein]], public policy analyst
*[[Richard Howard]], poet
{{col-break}}
*[[John Jesurun]], playwright
*[[Richard Lenski]], biologist
*[[Louis Massiah]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Vonnie McLoyd]], developmental psychologist
*[[Thylias Moss]], poet and writer
*[[Eiko Otake]] & [[Koma Otake]], dancers, choreographers
*[[Nathan Seiberg]], physicist
*[[Anna Deavere Smith]], playwright/journalist/actress
*[[Dorothy Stoneman]], educator
*[[William E. Strickland]], art educator<ref name = "Fellows96">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142719/k.2A1C/Fellows_List__July_1996.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1996|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1997===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Luis Alfaro]], writer and performance artist
*[[Lee Breuer]], playwright
*[[Vija Celmins]], artist
*[[Eric Charnov]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Elouise Cobell]], banker
*[[Peter Galison]], historian
*[[Mark Harrington (activist)|Mark Harrington]], AIDS researcher 
*[[Eva Harris]], molecular biologist
*[[Michael Kremer]], economist
*[[Russel Lande]], biologist
*[[Kerry James Marshall]], artist
*[[Nancy A. Moran]], evolutionary biologist and ecologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Han Ong]], playwright
*[[Kathleen Ross]], educator
*[[Pamela Samuelson]], copyright scholar and activist
*[[Susan Stewart (poet)|Susan Stewart]], literary scholar and poet
*[[Elizabeth Streb]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Trimpin]], sound sculptor
*[[Loïc Wacquant]], sociologist
*[[Kara Walker]], artist
*[[David Foster Wallace]], writer
*[[Andrew Wiles]], mathematician
*[[Brackette Williams]], anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows97">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142721/k.2840/Fellows_List__July_1997.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1997|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1998===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janine Antoni]], artist
*[[Ida Applebroog]], artist
*[[Ellen Barry (attorney)|Ellen Barry]], Attorney and Human Rights Leader
*[[Tim Berners-Lee]], inventor of the World Wide Web protocol
*[[Linda Bierds]], poet
*[[Bernadette Brooten]], historian
*[[John Carlstrom]], astrophysicist
*[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]], historian
*[[Nancy Folbre]], economist
*[[Avner Greif]], economist
*[[Kun-Liang Guan]], biochemist
*[[Gary Hill]], artist
*[[Edward Hirsch]], poet, essayist
*[[Ayesha Jalal]], historian
*[[Charles R. Johnson]], writer
{{col-break}}
*[[Leah Krubitzer]], neuroscientist
*[[Stewart Kwoh]], human rights activist
*[[Charles Lewis (journalist)|Charles Lewis]], journalist
*[[William McDonald]], rancher and conservationist
*[[Peter Miller]], historian
*[[Don Mitchell (geographer)|Don Mitchell]], cultural geographer
*[[Rebecca J. Nelson|Rebecca Nelson]], plant pathologist
*[[Elinor Ochs]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Ishmael Reed]], poet, essayist, novelist
*[[Benjamin D. Santer]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Karl Sims]], computer scientist and artist
*[[Dorothy Thomas]], human rights activist
*[[Leonard Zeskind]], human rights activist
*[[Mary Zimmerman]], playwright<ref name = "Fellows98">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142723/k.28C4/Fellows_List__July_1998.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1998|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1999===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jillian Banfield]], geologist
*[[Carolyn R. Bertozzi|Carolyn Bertozzi]], chemist
*[[Xu Bing]], printmaker
*[[Bruce G. Blair]], policy analyst
*[[John Bonifaz]], election lawyer and voting rights leader
*[[Shawn Carlson]], science educator
*[[Mark Danner]], journalist
*[[Alison L. Des Forges]], human rights activist
*[[Elizabeth Diller]], architect
*[[Saul Friedländer]], historian
*[[Jennifer Gordon]], lawyer
*[[David Hillis]], biologist
*[[Sara Horowitz]], lawyer
*[[Jacqueline Jones]], historian
*[[Laura L. Kiessling]], biochemist
*[[Leslie Kurke]], classicist
{{col-break}}
*[[David Levering Lewis]], biographer and historian
*[[Juan Maldacena]], physicist
*[[Gay J. McDougall]], human rights lawyer
*[[Campbell McGrath]], poet
*[[Denny Moore]], anthropological linguist
*[[Elizabeth Murray (born 1940)|Elizabeth Murray]], artist
*[[Jessica Gia Lewingski]], traveler
*[[Pepon Osorio]], artist
*[[Ricardo Scofidio]], architect
*[[Peter Shor]], computer scientist
*[[Eva Silverstein]], physicist
*[[Wilma Subra]], scientist
*[[Ken Vandermark]], saxophonist, composer
*[[Naomi Wallace]], playwright
*[[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], mathematician
*[[Fred Wilson (artist)|Fred Wilson]], artist
*[[Ofelia Zepeda]], linguist<ref name = "Fellows99">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142725/k.2948/Fellows_List__July_1999.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1999|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2000===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Susan E. Alcock]], archaeologist
*[[K. Christopher Beard]], paleontologist
*[[Lucy Blake]], conservationist
*[[Anne Carson]], poet
*[[Peter Hayes (nuclear activist)|Peter J. Hayes]], energy policy activist
*[[David A. Isay]], radio producer
*[[Alfredo Jaar]], photographer
*[[Ben Katchor]], graphic novelist
*[[Hideo Mabuchi]], physicist
*[[Susan Marshall]], choreographer
*[[Samuel Mockbee]], architect
*[[Cecilia Muñoz]], civil rights policy analyst
*[[Margaret Murnane]], optical physicist
{{col-break}}
*[[Laura Otis]], literary scholar and historian of science
*[[Lucia M. Perillo]], poet
*[[Matthew Rabin]], economist
*[[Carl Safina]], marine conservationist
*[[Daniel P. Schrag]], geochemist
*[[Susan E. Sygall]], civil rights leader
*[[Gina G. Turrigiano]], neuroscientist
*[[Gary Urton]], anthropologist
*[[Patricia J. Williams]], legal scholar
*[[Deborah Willis]], historian of photography and photographer
*[[Erik Winfree]], computer and materials scientist
*[[Horng-Tzer Yau]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows00">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142727/k.2A89/Fellows_List__July_2000.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 2000|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2001===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrea Barrett]], writer
*[[Christopher Chyba]], astrobiologist
*[[Michael Dickinson (biologist)|Michael Dickinson]], fly biologist/bioengineer
*[[Rosanne Haggerty]], housing and community development leader
*[[Lene Hau]], physicist
*[[Dave Hickey]], art critic
*[[Stephen Hough]], pianist
*[[Kay Redfield Jamison]], psychologist
*[[Sandra Lanham]], pilot and conservationist
*[[Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle]], artist
*[[Cynthia Moss]], natural historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Dirk Obbink]], classicist and papyrologist
*Norman Pace, biochemist
*[[Suzan-Lori Parks]], playwright
*[[Brooks Pate]], physical chemist
*[[Xiao Qiang]], human rights leader
*[[Geraldine Seydoux]], molecular biologist
*[[Bright Sheng]], composer
*[[David Spergel]], astrophysicist
*[[Jean Strouse]], biographer
*[[Julie Su (attorney)]], human rights lawyer
*[[David Hildebrand Wilson|David Wilson]], creator of The [[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<ref name = "Fellows01">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142731/k.6679/Fellows_List__October_2001.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows October 2001 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2002===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Danielle Allen]], classicist and political scientist
*[[Bonnie Bassler]], molecular biologist
*[[Ann M. Blair]], intellectual historian
*[[Katherine Boo]], journalist
*[[Paul Ginsparg]], physicist
*[[David B. Goldstein]], energy conservation specialist
*[[Karen Hesse]], writer
*[[Janine Jagger]], epidemiologist
*[[Daniel Jurafsky]], computer scientist and linguist
*[[Toba Khedoori]], artist
*[[Liz Lerman]], choreographer
*[[George Lewis (trombonist)|George E. Lewis]], trombonist
*[[Liza Lou]], artist
{{col-break}}
*[[Edgar Meyer]], bassist and composer
*[[Jack Miles]], writer and Biblical scholar
*[[Erik Mueggler]], anthropologist and ethnographer
*[[Sendhil Mullainathan]], economist
*[[Stanley Nelson]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Lee Ann Newsom]], paleoethnobotanist
*[[Daniela L. Rus]], computer scientist
*[[Charles C. Steidel]], astronomer
*[[Brian Tucker]], seismologist
*[[Camilo José Vergara]], photographer
*[[Paul Wennberg]], atmospheric chemist
*[[Colson Whitehead]], writer<ref name = "Fellows02">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142733/k.98ED/Fellows_List__September_2002.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2002|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2003===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], archaeologist
*[[James Collins (Boston University)|Jim Collins]], biomedical engineer
*[[Lydia Davis]], writer
*[[Erik Demaine]], theoretical computer scientist
*[[Corinne Dufka]], human rights researcher
*[[Peter Gleick]], conservation analyst
*[[Osvaldo Golijov]], composer
*[[Deborah Jin]], physicist
*[[Angela Johnson (writer)|Angela Johnson]], writer
*[[Tom Joyce]], blacksmith
*[[Sarah H. Kagan]], gerontological nurse
*[[Ned Kahn]], artist and science exhibit designer
{{col-break}}
*[[Jim Kim|Jim Yong Kim]], public health physician
*[[Nawal M. Nour]], obstetrician and gynecologist
*[[Loren H. Rieseberg]], botanist
*[[Amy Rosenzweig]], biochemist
*[[Pedro A. Sanchez]], agronomist
*[[Lateefah Simon]], women's development leader
*[[Peter Sis]], illustrator
*[[Sarah Sze]], sculptor
*[[Eve Troutt Powell]], historian
*[[Anders Winroth]], historian
*[[Daisy Youngblood]], ceramic artist
*[[Xiaowei Zhuang]], biophysicist<ref name = "Fellows03">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142737/k.6839/Fellows_List__October_2003.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows October 2003|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2004===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], anthropologist and archaeologist
*[[Angela Belcher]], materials scientist and engineer
*Gretchen Berland, physician and filmmaker
*[[James Carpenter (artist)|James Carpenter]], artist
*[[Joseph DeRisi]], biologist
*[[Katherine Gottlieb]], health care leader
*[[David Green]], technology transfer innovator
*[[Aleksandar Hemon]], writer
*[[Heather Hurst]], archaeological illustrator
*[[Edward P. Jones]], writer
*[[John Kamm]], human rights activist
*[[Daphne Koller]], computer scientist
{{col-break}}
*[[Naomi Leonard]], engineer
*[[Tommie Lindsey]], school debate coach
*[[Rueben Martinez]], businessman and activist
*[[Maria Mavroudi]], historian
*[[Vamsi Mootha]], physician and computational biologist
*[[Judy Pfaff]], American sculptor
*[[Aminah Robinson]], artist
*[[Reginald Robinson]], pianist and composer
*[[Cheryl Rogowski]], farmer
*[[Amy Smith]], inventor and mechanical engineer
*[[Julie Theriot]], microbiologist
*[[C. D. Wright]], poet<ref name = "Fellows04">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142741/k.998D/Fellows_List__September_2004.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2004 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2005===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Marin Alsop]], symphony conductor
*[[Ted Ames]], fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
*[[Terry Belanger]], rare book preservationist
*[[Edet Belzberg]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Majora Carter]], urban revitalization strategist
*[[Lu Chen (Scientist)|Lu Chen]], neuroscientist
*[[Michael Cohen]], pharmacist
*[[Joseph Curtin]], violinmaker
*[[Aaron Dworkin]], music educator
*[[Teresita Fernandez|Teresita Fernández]], sculptor
*[[Claire Gmachl]], quantum cascade laser engineer
*[[Sue Goldie]], physician / researcher
*[[Steven Goodman]], conservation biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Pehr Harbury]], biochemist
*[[Nicole King]], molecular biologist
*[[Jon Kleinberg]], computer scientist
*[[Jonathan Lethem]], novelist
*[[Michael Manga]], geophysicist
*[[Todd Martinez]], theoretical chemist
*[[Julie Mehretu]], painter
*[[Kevin M. Murphy]], economist
*[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]], clinician/researcher
*[[Fazal Sheikh]], photographer
*[[Emily Thompson]], aural historian
*[[Michael Walsh (engineer)|Michael Walsh]], vehicle emissions specialist<ref name = "Fellows05">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142745/k.9B0D/Fellows_List__September_2005.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2005|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2006===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[David Carroll (naturalist)]], naturalist author/illustrator
*[[Regina Carter]], jazz violinist
*[[Kenneth C. Catania]], neurobiologist
*[[Lisa Curran]], tropical forester
*[[Kevin Eggan]], biologist
*[[Jim Fruchterman]], technologist, CEO [[Benetech]]
*[[Atul Gawande]], surgeon and author
*[[Linda Griffith]], bioengineer
*[[Victoria Hale]], CEO [[OneWorld Health]]
*[[Adrian Nicole LeBlanc]], journalist and author
*[[David Macaulay]], author/illustrator
*[[Josiah McElheny]], sculptor
*[[D. Holmes Morton]], physician
{{col-break}}
*[[John A. Rich]], physician
*[[Jennifer Richeson]], social psychologist
*[[Sarah Ruhl]], playwright
*[[George Saunders]], short story writer
*[[Anna Schuleit]], commemorative artist
*[[Shahzia Sikander]], painter
*[[Terence Tao]], mathematician
*[[Claire J. Tomlin]], aviation engineer
*[[Luis von Ahn]], computer scientist
*[[Edith Widder]], deep-sea explorer
*[[Matias Zaldarriaga]], cosmologist
*[[John Zorn]], composer and musician<ref name = "Fellows06Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2066197/k.3F6D/2006_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2006 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2007===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Deborah Bial]], education strategist
*[[Peter Cole]], translator/poet/publisher
*[[Lisa Cooper]], public health physician
*[[Ruth DeFries]], environmental geographer
*[[Mercedes Doretti]], forensic anthropologist
*[[Stuart Dybek]], short story writer
*[[Marc Edwards (engineer)|Marc Edwards]], water quality engineer
*[[Michael Elowitz]], molecular biologist
*[[Saul Griffith]], inventor
*[[Sven Haakanson]], [[Alutiiq]] curator/anthropologist/preservationist
*[[Corey Harris]], blues musician
*[[Cheryl Hayashi]], spider silk biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[My Hang V. Huynh]], chemist
*[[Claire Kremen]], conservation biologist
*[[Whitfield Lovell]], painter/installation artist
*[[Yoky Matsuoka]], neuroroboticist
*[[Lynn Nottage]], playwright
*[[Mark Roth (scientist)|Mark Roth]], biomedical scientist
*[[Paul Rothemund]], nanotechnologist
*[[Jay Rubenstein]], medieval historian
*[[Jonathan Shay]], clinical psychiatrist/classicist
*[[Joan Snyder]], painter
*[[Dawn Upshaw]], vocalist
*[[Shen Wei]], choreographer<ref name = "Fellows07Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913817/k.3EC5/2007_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2007 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-09-24}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2008===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], novelist
*[[Will Allen (urban farmer)|Will Allen]], urban farmer
*[[Regina Benjamin]], rural family doctor
*[[Kirsten Bomblies]], evolutionary plant geneticist
*[[Tara Donovan]], artist
*[[Andrea Ghez]], astrophysicist
*[[Stephen D. Houston]], anthropologist
*[[Mary Jackson (artist)|Mary Jackson]], weaver and sculptor
*[[Leila Josefowicz]], violinist
*[[Alexei Kitaev]], quantum physicist
*[[Walter Kitundu]], instrument maker and composer
*[[Susan Mango]], developmental biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Diane Meier]], geriatrician
*[[David R. Montgomery]], geomorphologist
*[[John Ochsendorf]], engineer and architectural historian
*[[Peter Pronovost]], critical care physician
*[[Adam Riess]], astrophysicist
*[[Alex Ross (music critic)|Alex Ross]], music critic
*[[Wafaa El-Sadr]], infectious disease specialist
*[[Nancy Siraisi]], historian of medicine
*[[Marin Soljačić]], optical physicist
*[[Sally Temple]], neuroscientist
*[[Jennifer Tipton]], stage lighting designer
*[[Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)|Rachel Wilson]], experimental neurobiologist
*[[Miguel Zenón]], saxophonist and composer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.4536877/k.1412/Meet_the_2008_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2008 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2008-09-23}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2009===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Lynsey Addario]], photojournalist
*[[Maneesh Agrawala]], computer vision technologist
*[[Timothy Barrett]], papermaker
*[[Mark Bradford]], mixed media artist
*[[Edwidge Danticat]], novelist
*[[Rackstraw Downes]], painter
*[[Esther Duflo]], economist
*[[Deborah Eisenberg]], short story writer
*[[Lin He]], molecular biologist
*[[Peter Huybers]], climate scientist
*[[James Longley (filmmaker)|James Longley]], filmmaker
*[[L. Mahadevan]], applied mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Heather McHugh]], poet
*[[Jerry Mitchell (investigative reporter)|Jerry Mitchell]], investigative reporter
*[[Rebecca Onie]], health services innovator
*[[Richard Prum]], ornithologist
*[[John A. Rogers]], applied physicist
*[[Elyn Saks]], mental health lawyer
*[[Jill Seaman]], infectious disease physician
*[[Beth Shapiro]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Daniel Sigman]], biogeochemist
*[[Mary Tinetti]], geriatric physician
*[[Camille Utterback]], digital artist
*[[Theodore Zoli]], bridge engineer<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.5410503/k.11CB/Meet_the_2009_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2009 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2009-09-22}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

== References in popular culture ==
{{Trivia|date=September 2008}}
* In the television show ''[[Will and Grace]]'', during episode 6.17, Grace says to Will: "If the MacArthur Foundation gave out Evil Genius Grants, you would so win one."
* In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Petarded]]", Peter takes an [[IQ test]] to determine whether he is eligible for a MacArthur grant, believing himself to be a [[genius]]; however, the test results show that he is [[disability|mentally retarded]]. (In real life a ''genius''-level IQ is not a requirement.)
* In the television show ''[[Friends]]'', during episode 9.20 ("The One With the Soap Opera Party"), Charlie ([[Aisha Tyler]]) says to Ross when describing her first boyfriend, "He did win the MacArthur Genius Grant though" in response to all of her boyfriends winning Nobel Prizes except one.
* In the movie ''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'', Frank says that he attempted suicide after his rival was awarded a genius grant for his studies of [[Marcel Proust]].
* In the series ''[[The L Word]]'', season 5 episode 9, Molly tells her mother, Phyllis, "Shane is not gonna win a MacArthur Genius Grant any time soon."
* In the television show ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'', episode 2x11, "The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis", a recipient of the MacArthur Grant, David Underhill, is introduced.
* In the movie ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'', the main character receives a MacArthur Genius Grant, although it appears to be in much greater value than the real life grant since it continues to be awarded to him for over ten years and allows him to build a massive replica of New York in a warehouse and hire hundreds of actors.
* In the television show ''[[FlashForward]]'', season 1 episode 8, Simon mentions that Lloyd Simcoe was a recipient of the MacArthur Prize.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm MacArthur Fellows Program website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur Fellows Program}}
[[Category:Fellowships]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows|*]]

[[fr:Prix MacArthur]]
[[he:עמיתי מקארתור]]
[[nl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[no:The MacArthur Fellows Program]]
[[pl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[fi:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[uk:Премія МакАртура]]
[[zh:麦克阿瑟奖]]

Clement Freud

2009-12-23T21:05:32Z

Quiddity: /* Radio, music, academia */ dubious

{{Infobox MP
| name = Sir Clement Freud
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Clement-freud-368-220.JPG
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
| majority =
| term_start = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|9 June 1983]]
| term_end = [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|11 June 1987]]
| predecessor = [[Boundary Commissions (United Kingdom)|Constituency Established]]
| successor = [[Malcolm Moss]]
| constituency_MP2 = [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| majority2 =
| term_start2 = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|26 July 1973]]
| term_end2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|9 June 1983]]
| predecessor2 = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]
| successor2 = [[Boundary Commissions (United Kingdom)|Constituency Abolished]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|04|15|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Clemens Raphael Freud
| nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]]
| party = [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = June Flewett (1950-2009) (his death)
| partner =
| relations = [[Lucian Freud]] (brother) [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]] (father) [[Sigmund Freud]] (grandfather) (see [[Freud family]])
| children = 5 children
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Writer, politician, broadcaster, chef
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Known for
| data1 = ''[[Just a Minute]]''
}}
'''Sir Clement Raphael Freud''' (24 April 1924 – 15 April 2009)<ref name="telegraph2">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html|title=Sir Clement Freud dies at 84|last=Swaine|first=Jon|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref><ref name="guardianobit"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Freud Ego |last=Freud |first=Clement |year=2001 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= |isbn= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 1 }}</ref> was an [[English people|English]] [[presenter|broadcaster]], [[writer]], [[politician]] and [[chef]].

==Early life==
Freud was born in [[Berlin]],<ref name="guardianobit">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/apr/16/clement-freud-obituary|title=Obituary: Sir Clement Freud|last=Steel|first=David|date=16 April 2009|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref><ref name="APObit">{{cite news|url=http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328|title=Sir Clement Freud|date=16 April 2009|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref> the son of [[Jewish]] parents [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]], an architect, and Lucie ''née'' Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] and the brother of artist [[Lucian Freud]]. His family fled to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[Nazi Germany]], and his given name was anglicised from the original Clemens.<ref name="Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5163084/Sir-Clement-Freud.html "Sir Clement Freud",] ''Daily Telegraph'', 16 April 2009</ref> He spent his later childhood in [[Hampstead]] where he attended the [[Hall School (Hampstead)|The Hall]] private preparatory school.<ref name = "Ham&High">[http://www.hamhigh.co.uk/content/camden/hamhigh/news/story.aspx?brand=NorthLondon24&category=Newshamhigh&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newshamhigh&itemid=WeED16%20Apr%202009%2016%3A26%3A39%3A610 Obituary Hampstead and Highgate Express]</ref> He also attended [[Dartington Hall]], a boarding school, and [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], an [[independent school]] in London.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

During the [[Second World War]] Freud joined the [[Royal Ulster Rifles]] and served in the ranks. He acted as an aide to [[Bernard Montgomery|Field Marshal Montgomery]]. He worked at the [[Nuremberg Trials]] and in 1947 was commissioned as an officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37983/supplements/2669 |title=London Gazette |publisher=London Gazette |date=1947-06-10 |accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref> He married June Flewett (the inspiration for [[Lucy Pevensie]] in [[C. S. Lewis]]'s children's series the ''[[Chronicles of Narnia]]'')<ref name="narnia11">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/11/narnia11.xml The Daily Telegraph], 11 December 2005.</ref> in 1950, and the couple had five children. June Flewett had taken the [[stage name]] Jill Raymond in 1944, and since Clement's knighthood has been Lady Freud.<ref name="narnia11" />

== Early career ==
Freud was one of Britain's first "[[celebrity chef]]s", having worked at the [[Dorchester Hotel]], and went on to run his own restaurant in [[Sloane Square]] at a relatively young age. As well as this, he had various newspaper and magazine columns, and was later a familiar face on television for his appearance in a series of dog food commercials (at first for Minced Morsels, later Chunky Meat) in which he co-starred with a [[bloodhound]] called Henry (played by a number of dogs) which shared his trademark "hangdog" expression. In 1968 he wrote a children's book, ''[[Grimble]]''. Six years later he wrote a sequel: ''Grimble at Christmas''.

Whilst running a nightclub he met a newspaper editor who gave him a job as a sports journalist. From there he became an award-winning food and drink writer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html|title=Telegraph Obituary: Sir Clement Freud dies at 84|date=April 16, 2009|accessdate=April 18, 2009}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Prior to politics, Freud longed for (given his background and ancestry) a distinct occupation by which he could be acclaimed, rather than just being "the man off the telly"; his chance came in the [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 Isle of Ely Parliamentary by-election]], which he won. He was [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament]] for that constituency (later [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]) from 1973 to 1987. On his election, he was hailed as the first [[Jewish]] Liberal MP for decades (though he had become [[Anglican]] at the time of his marriage<ref name="identity">{{cite book|title=Psychoanalysis, Identity, and Ideology: Critical Essays on the Israel/Palestine case | author=John Bunzl, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |publisher=Springer |year=2002 | ISBN=1402071558 | page=34}}</ref>). His departure from Parliament was marked by the award of a [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]].

His autobiography, ''Freud Ego'', recalls his election win, and shortly after, when asked by his wife June, "Why aren't you looking happier?", he wrote "It suddenly occurred to me that after nine years of fame I now had something solid about which to be famous... and cheered up no end."

During his time as a Member of Parliament, he visited [[China]] with a delegation of other MPs, including [[Winston Churchill (1940-)|Winston S. Churchill]], a grandson of the wartime [[Winston Churchill|leader of the same name]]. When Churchill was given the best room in the hotel, on account of his lineage, Freud (in a reference to his own famous forebear) declared it was the first time in his life that he had been "out-grandfathered".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article6108143.ece|title=Freudian clips: The best of Clement Freud|last=Leitch|first=Luke|publisher=[[The Times]]|date=2009-04-17|accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref>

== Radio, music, academia ==
For many, Freud was best known as a panellist on the long-running [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] show ''[[Just a Minute]]'', in which his deadpan delivery was popular with audiences. In one edition during his turn to speak he said: "There’s not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, 'Apples are going up,' to which I replied, 'This would come as a severe blow to [[Sir Isaac Newton]].'" He was a contestant on the first episode of ''Just a Minute'' in 1967 and took part in every series until his death. Freud was known to be fiercely competitive. Fellow participant [[Paul Merton]] reminisced, "Clement's way of playing the game was to win: that's what he cared about."<ref>''Clement Freud on Just a Minute: A Celebration'', BBC Radio 4, 26 May 2009</ref>

Freud performed a small monologue for the [[Wings (band)|Wings]] 1973 album ''[[Band on the Run (album)|Band on the Run]]'' and appeared on the album's cover.

In 1974, he was elected [[Rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two three-year terms.

A generation later, in 2002, he was elected [[Rector]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], beating feminist and academic [[Germaine Greer]] and local challenger Barry Joss, holding the position for one term.

In 2002 he also appeared as a panellist on UK comedy game-show, ''[[Shooting Stars]]'' where he didn't appear to "get" the humour of hosts [[Vic & Bob|Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer]].{{dubious|date=December 2009}}

== Family and hobbies ==
His son [[Matthew Freud]] was formerly married to [[Caroline Hutton]], who was the second wife of [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Earl Spencer]]; he was then married to media magnate [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]]. Sir Clement Freud's daughter [[Emma Freud]], a broadcaster, is the partner of [[Richard Curtis]], scriptwriter of ''[[Blackadder]]'' and ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''. His nieces (by his painter brother [[Lucian Freud|Lucian]]) are fashion designer [[Bella Freud]] and writer [[Esther Freud]]. His brother, Stephen Freud, has closely guarded his privacy, with the exception of an interview he gave to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2403606/I-am-the-forgotten-Freud-says-brother-of-Sir-Clement-Freud-and-Lucian-Freud.html|title=I am the forgotten Freud, says brother of Sir Clement Freud and Lucian Freud|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date= July 18, 2008|accessdate=2009-04-15|first=Adam|last=Lusher}}</ref> The Freud family live in [[Walberswick]] in [[Suffolk]].

Freud was a horse racing enthusiast, and was a columnist for the ''[[Racing Post]]'' newspaper. In his column in the paper, issue of 23 August 2006, he wrote about his election to Parliament in a by-election: "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in [[East Anglia]], where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. [[Ladbrokes]] quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments."

Freud's enthusiasm for horse racing went as far as challenging [[Sir Hugh Fraser, 2nd Baronet|Sir Hugh Fraser]], then chairman of [[Harrods]], to a horse race at [[Haydock Park Racecourse|Haydock]] in 1972. Freud trained for three months and lost some five stones for the event. Although Fraser, a country gentlemen, was seen as a much better prospect, the two made a bet for £1,000-a-side. Freud used the long odds to his advantage, however, and shrewdly placed a large side bet on himself. Freud won the race and made a great deal of money. His horse, Winter Fair, went on to win the Waterloo Hurdle at [[Aintree]] that same year. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.racingpost.com/news/horse-racing/racing-post-columnist-sir-clement-freud-dies-at-84/178784/latest/ |title=Racing Post columnist Sir Clement Freud dies at 84 |publisher=[[Racing Post]] |date=2009-04-16 |first=Graham |last=Green}}</ref>

Freud also wrote articles reviewing facilities for spectators at racecourses in Britain, especially catering. This led him to receive the nickname "Sir Clement Food".<ref>[http://www.ajr.org.uk/journal/issue.Mar01/article.622 Association of Jewish Refugees], 2001.</ref>

Freud died at his home on 15 April 2009, aged 84. His funeral was attended by a host of personalities from the media and entertainment industry including [[Bono]], [[Richard Curtis]], [[Stephen Fry]], [[Paul Merton]], [[Nicholas Parsons]] as well as several representatives from [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Westminster]], such as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]], [[Shadow Chancellor]] [[George Osborne]] and former Liberal party leader [[David Steel]].<ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6164313.ece</ref> He was survived by his wife of 59 years, Jill Freud, his five children, his 17 grandchildren and his two elder brothers, Stephen and Lucian.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8001383.stm|title=Writer Clement Freud dies aged 84|date=2009-04-16|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* 1968 - ''[[Grimble]]'' - illustrated by [[Quentin Blake]]
* 1973 - ''Grimble at Christmas'' - illustrated by Quentin Blake
* 1978 - ''Freud on Food''
* 1980 - ''Clicking Vicky''
* 1981 - ''The Book of Hangovers''
* 1983 - ''Below the Belt''
* 1988 - ''No one Else Has Complained''
* 1989 - ''The Gourmet's Tour of Great Britain and Ireland''
* 2001 - ''Freud Ego''
* 2009 - ''Freud on Course - The Racing Lives of Clement Freud''

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*Crewe, Daniel. "One of Nature’s Liberals: the career of Sir Clement Freud, artist, journalist, chef, bon-viveur – and Liberal MP, 1973-87" in ''Journal of Liberal History'', Issue 43, Summer 2004.

==External links==
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6104345.ece Video: Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - Times Online]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/arts/17freud.html?hpw NYTimes obit.]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/apr/16/sir-clement-freud-dies Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - guardian.co.uk]
*[http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328 AP Obituary] in [[The Times]]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/gallery/2009/apr/16/1?picture=346031420 Gallery of pictures at guardian.co.uk]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/rams/jam_clement.ram |title=Clement Freud talking about ''Just a Minute'' (RealPlayer video)|publisher=BBC}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/ |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title= "Just a Minute" archive of shows}}
*{{imdb name|0294429}}
{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
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{{s-aca}}
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Leica Camera

2009-12-17T08:07:42Z

Quiddity: add Datei:Ur Leica.jpg

{{Lückenhaft|Es fehlen Informationen über die Ferngläser und Projektoren --[[Benutzer:Thomasmuentzer|Thomasmuentzer]] 07:30, 7. Dez. 2009 (CET)}}

{{Infobox_Unternehmen
| Name = Leica Camera AG
| Logo = [[Bild:Leica_Camera_logo.svg|100px|Leica Camera-Logo]]
| Unternehmensform = [[Aktiengesellschaft (Deutschland)|Aktiengesellschaft]]
| Gründungsdatum =
| Sitz = [[Solms]], [[Deutschland]]
| Leitung = * Rudolph Spiller, [[Vorstandsvorsitzender]]
* Franz Jung, [[Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender]]
| Mitarbeiterzahl = 939 (Stand: Geschäftsjahr 2006/2007)
| Umsatz = 134,2 Mio Euro (Stand: Geschäftsjahr 2008/2009)<ref>[http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2009-08/14622083-dgap-adhoc-leica-camera-ag-deutsch-016.htm Leica Camera AG schließt Geschäftsjahr 2008/2009 mit 14 % Umsatzminus ab]</ref>
| Produkte = [[Fotoapparat|Fotoapparate]] [[Diaprojektor|Diaprojektoren]] [[Prismenfernglas|Ferngläser]] [[Projektor|Projektoren]] Fotoseminare SW-Vergrößerungen
| Homepage = [http://www.leica-camera.com/ www.leica-camera.com] [http://www.leica-camera.de/ www.leica-camera.de]
}}

Die '''Leica Camera AG''' (''Leica:'' Abkürzung für '''''Lei'''tz(sche) '''Ca'''mera'') ist ein Unternehmen aus [[Deutschland]], das in der optischen Industrie tätig ist. Das Unternehmen hat sich auf die Fertigung von Fotoapparaten und Ferngläsern spezialisiert. Die Leica Camera AG entstand 1986 aus der [[Leitz (Optik)|''Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH'']], die das Nachfolgeunternehmen des von [[Carl Kellner (Unternehmer)|Carl Kellner]] 1849 in [[Wetzlar]] gegründeten ''Optischen Instituts'' gewesen ist.

== Geschichte ==
[[Datei:Ur Leica.jpg|thumb|Ur Leica, 1914]]
Bereits 1849 wurde das ''Optische Institut'' durch Carl Kellner in [[Wetzlar]] gegründet, aus dem 1869, von [[Ernst Leitz senior|Ernst Leitz]] aufgebaut, die ''Ernst Leitz Werke'' hervorgingen. Sowohl das Institut, als auch die ''Ernst Leitz Werke'' beschäftigten sich zunächst ausschließlich mit der Herstellung von [[Mikroskop|Mikroskopen]]. 1920 übernahm sein Sohn [[Ernst Leitz junior|Ernst Leitz II]] die Unternehmensführung und beschloss 1924, trotz einer wirtschaftlich schweren Zeit, die Fertigung einer Kleinbildkamera in Großserie. Die Grundlage der Kamera war eine Konstruktion von [[Oskar Barnack]], der für Ernst Leitz arbeitete. In die Kamera konnte man den damals üblichen 35-mm-Kinofilm einspulen ([[Kleinbildfilm]]). Der Erfolg der ''Ur-Leica'' war enorm und nicht vorhersehbar.

Die ''Ernst Leitz GmbH'' blieben im [[Zweiter Weltkrieg|Zweiten Weltkrieg]] von Schäden verschont und so konnte die Produktion nach Kriegsende sofort wiederaufgenommen werden. Nach der Gebietsreform in Hessen benannte man sich in ''Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH'' um, da man befürchtete, den bekannten Namen Wetzlar durch die Städtezusammenlegung von [[Gießen]] und Wetzlar zur [[lahn (Stadt)|Stadt Lahn]] zu verlieren.

1986 spaltete sich das Unternehmen in die drei eigenständigen Unternehmen Leica Camera AG, [[Leica Microsystems]] GmbH und [[Leica Geosystems]] AG auf. Die Leica Camera AG zog daraufhin von Wetzlar nach Solms um.

Die weitere Entwicklung des Namens Leica wurde von der Geschichte bestimmt. 1990 lässt die Fusion der ''Wild Leitz Holding AG'' (entstanden 1987 durch die Übernahme der Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH von der 1921 gegründeten [[Wild Heerbrugg AG]]) mit ''The Cambridge Instrument Company plc'' den neuen Konzern ''Leica Holding B. V.'' entstehen. Damit steht der Name Leica auch für den führenden Anbieter von Mikroskopen, Vermessungs- und Photogrammetriesystemen sowie optisch-wissenschaftlichen Instrumenten.

1990 wurde das [[ZETT OPTICS GmbH|Zett]]-Geräte-Werk (ehemals zur Firmengruppe [[Zeiss-Ikon]] gehörig) als ''Leica Projektion GmbH Zett Geräte'' in die "Leica Camera Gruppe" übernommen, aber bereits 2004 an die Beteiligungsgesellschaft [[Allegra Capital|Allegra Capital GmbH]] verkauft.

1996 ging die Leica Camera AG an die Börse.

Ebenfalls 1996 übernahm die Leica Camera AG die [[Minox]] GmbH, Wetzlar. Minox wurde 2001 durch ein [[Management-Buy-out]] wieder selbstständig<ref>Minox GmbH: [http://minox.de/index.php?id=60&L=0]März 2009</ref>.

Die Fertigung des Leica-Kamerasystems erfolgte in Deutschland und Portugal. Die analogen Kompaktkameras wurden in Asien gefertigt. Zeitweise erfolgte eine Zusammenarbeit mit [[Konica Minolta|Minolta]], [[Fujifilm|Fuji]] und heute mit [[Matsushita]]/[[Panasonic]].

Im Frühjahr 2005 machte Leica Camera AG wegen unsicherer finanzieller Lage internationale Schlagzeilen. Der Luxusgüterkonzern [[Hermès (Unternehmen)|Hermès]] verkaufte im November 2006 seinen Anteil von 36,2 Prozent an Leica an die Salzburger Holding ''ACM Projektentwicklung'', eine 100%ige Tochtergesellschaft der ''Sokrates Privatstiftung'' der österreichischen Investorenfamilie [[Gebrüder Kaufmann]]. Die Familie Kaufmann hatte bereits seit August 2004 erste Anteile an Leica Camera erworben. Hermès behielt jedoch [[Wandelanleihe]]n von Leica im Wert von 7,5 Millionen Euro. ACM hielt damit zunächst 88 % des Leica-Kapitals, stockte den Anteil aber bis Ende 2007 auf rund 96,5 Prozent auf. Ende 2007 gab ACM bekannt, Leica Camera komplett übernehmen zu wollen. Die Hauptversammlung beschloss im November 2007, die Minderheitsaktionäre per [[Squeeze-out]] zwangsweise abzufinden. Voraussichtlich 2008 soll die Leica Camera AG dann wieder von der Börse genommen werden.

== Kameras ==
Mit den Leica-[[Kamera]]s war es einem als Fotograf erstmals möglich, eine hochwertige und dabei relativ kleine Kamera immer dabei zu haben, da es sonst nur [[Mittelformatkamera]]s (mit [[Rollfilm]]) oder gar sperrige Großformatkameras gab. Dieser Vorzug wurde zuerst von einer künstlerischen und journalistischen [[Avantgarde]] erkannt und genutzt. Damit wurde eine neue Art von dynamischer Reportage-[[Fotografie]] erst möglich. Leica-Kameras gab es in einer Vielzahl von weltweiten Nachbauten beziehungsweise Kopien. Eine der ersten ernsthaften Konkurrenzfirmen war [[Zeiss-Ikon]] mit der [[Contax]].

Die erste ''Leica Ia'' verfügte noch über ein fest eingebautes Objektiv. Sehr bald waren aber die Objektive über ein Wechselgewinde austauschbar (''Schraubleica''); die Leica wurde so zur [[Systemkamera]]. Die Leica-''Sucherkamera mit Wechselgewinde'', kurz „Schraubleica“, wurde bis in die Nachkriegszeit stetig weiterentwickelt.

Seit 1954 existiert die Baureihe „M“ (''Leica M''), an der sich die Objektive nicht mehr abschrauben, sondern über ein [[Objektivbajonett|Bajonett]] blitzschnell wechseln lassen. Außerdem verfügt die „M“ über einen Messsucher, mit dem gleichzeitig scharf gestellt und das Bild komponiert wird. Das neueste Modell der Baureihe „M“ verfügt heute über [[Through the Lens|TTL]]-(Blitz-)Belichtungsmessung, Zeitautomatik und DX-Filmerkennung. Eine ''Leica M'' eignet sich v. a. für [[Weitwinkel]]aufnahmen, Fotografie mitten im Geschehen (auch durch die sehr leise Funktion) sowie Aufnahmen bei wenig Licht ohne Blitz.

1965 erschien die erste Spiegelreflex-Systemkamera aus dem Hause Leitz-Wetzlar. Die ''Leicaflex'' war anfangs noch rein mechanisch. Seit Beginn der 70er Jahre wurde die Leicaflex durch die Baureihe „R“ abgelöst. Die Leica R ist größer und schwerer als die klassische (Mess-)Sucherleica, bietet dafür aber mehr Automatikfunktionen und Komfort sowie eine größere Objektivpalette in allen Bereichen. Mit dem zur [[Photokina]] 2004 vorgestellten ''digitalen Rückteil'' („Digitalmodul R“) wird die aktuelle Leica R zur ersten ''[[Kleinbildkamera|Kleinbild]]-Hybridkamera'', die wahlweise analog und digital betrieben werden kann.

Außerdem fertigt die Leica Camera AG auch einfachere [[Sucherkamera]]s, [[Digitalkamera]]s, [[Prismenfernglas|Ferngläser]], [[Spektiv]]e und [[Diaprojektor]]en.

Leica ist bei Fotografen insbesondere für die überragende optische und mechanische Qualität der Objektive bekannt. Charakteristisch ist auch die „Systemkompatibilität“ über Jahrzehnte, das heißt, alte und neue Kameras, Objektive und Zubehör lassen sich frei kombinieren. Alte, schon lange nicht mehr gefertigte Modelle bleiben deshalb für ihre Besitzer nutzbar und werden auch noch repariert. Dieser Aufwand schlägt sich in einem sehr hohen Preis für Leica-Produkte nieder.

Es existiert eine große weltweite Sammlerszene für Leica-Kameras, für die exklusive Sondereditionen gefertigt werden.

=== Schraubleicas (1913–1960) ===
→ ''Hauptartikel: [[Schraubleica]]''
[[Datei:Leica-I-1.jpg|thumb|Leica I, 1925, 1:3,5]]
Zentrale Idee hinter der Leica war von Anfang an, eine kompakte Kamera mit einem für damalige Verhältnisse kleinen Filmformat zu konstruieren, deren Negative auch für stärkere Vergrößerungen geeignet waren. Im Vergleich zu den großformatigen Box- und Balgenkameras, die Anfang des letzten Jahrhunderts üblich waren, wirkte die erste Leica mit 35 mm Film in der Tat recht modern.

=== Leica M (1954-) ===
→ ''Hauptartikel: [[Leica M]]''

Die '''Leica M''' ist eine Fotokamera-Modelllinie der Firma [[Leitz (Optik)|Leitz]], heute der Leica Camera AG, für das [[Kleinbild]]-Format. Im Unterschied zum auch von Leitz hergestellten [[Spiegelreflexkamera|Spiegelreflex]]-System [[Leica R]] ist das M-System ein [[Messsucherkamera]]system.

Leica führte das M-System 1954 als Nachfolge für die Leica III ein, die „Ahnenreihe“ der Leica M reicht damit bis zur ersten [[Kleinbildkamera]] der Welt (''Ur-Leica'') zurück. Ihre Bedeutung und ihren Nimbus erhält die Leica M dadurch, dass sie wie schon ihre Vorgänger („Schraub-Leicas“) von vielen bedeutenden, professionellen Fotografen besonders in der [[Reportagefotografie]] eingesetzt wurde und wird und somit viele berühmte Fotos zur Zeitgeschichte mit einer Kamera dieses Typs oder einem Vorgängermodell aufgenommen wurden.

==== Technik ====
Während Objektive an den Leicas bis 1954 mit einem M-39-[[Objektivgewinde|Schraubgewinde]] befestigt wurden, erhielten die M-Leicas einen [[Bajonettverschluss|Bajonettanschluss]], das [[M-Bajonett]]. Das Suchersystem wurde gegenüber den Schraub-Leicas verbessert, und sie erhielt einen verbesserten Tuch[[schlitzverschluss]].

Herausragendes Merkmal der Leica-M-Kameras ist ihr [[Messsucher]]. Er zeigt das Motiv in einer festen Vergrößerung, der je nach Modell unterschiedlich ausfällt. Aktuelle Leicas sind erhältlich mit Suchervergrößerungen von 0,58-fach, 0,72-fach und 0,85-fach. Zum Scharfstellen auf das Motiv bringt man das Bild in einem hellen Messfleck in Deckung mit dem Motiv. Ein eingespiegelter Leuchtrahmen zeigt das Bildfeld des angesetzten Objektivs.

Ihren guten Ruf verdankt die M-Leica auch der guten Auswahl an hervorragenden Objektiven zwischen 21 und 135 mm Brennweite.

==== Modelle ====
Mit der Leica IIIf hatte die klassische Schraubleica ihren Zenit überschritten. Während die optische Leistung der Objektive noch über jeden Zweifel erhaben war, waren die Kameragehäuse nicht mehr ganz auf dem Stand der Technik. Bereits in den dreißiger Jahren hatte Zeiss Ikon in der Contax II einen überlegenen Messsucher, der Sucher und Entfernungsmesser in einem Okular zusammenfasste. Zwar hatte es bei Leitz durchaus Überlegungen zu einer Leica IV mit Messsucher gegeben, doch kamen diese durch den Kriegsausbruch ins Stocken. Auch das Schraubgewinde für den Objektivwechsel wurde nun vielfach als unnötig umständlich empfunden, zumal Zeiss Ikon auch hier bereits mit einer Bajonettlösung aufwarten konnte.
[[Datei:Leica M2 Summicron 35.jpg|thumb|Leica M3, im [[Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin|Technikmuseum Berlin]]]]
Die M3 war 1954 die erste M-Leica. Sie hatte eine Suchervergrößerung von 0,9-fach und konnte Leuchtrahmen für Objektive mit 50, 90 und 135 mm [[Brennweite]] einspiegeln. Objektive mit kürzerer Brennweite erforderten entweder einen Sucheraufsatz (die so genannte „Brille“) oder einen separaten Aufstecksucher, der in den Zubehörschuh gesteckt wird. 1958 erschien mit der M 2 eine „abgespeckte“ Version der M3 mit geringerer Suchervergrößerung (0,7-fach) und Leuchtrahmen für 35, 50 und 90 mm. 1967 erschien die weiter verbesserte Leica M4. Der M5 war kein großer Erfolg beschieden, obwohl sie die weltweit erste Messsucherkamera mit Belichtungsmessung durch das Objektiv war (TTL-Messung). Eine CdS-Zelle war auf einem Schwenkarm vor dem Verschlussvorhang angebracht, der mit Drücken des Auslösers in den Kameraboden versenkt wurde. Zwar war auch sie ein technischer Fortschritt gegenüber ihren Vorgängerinnen, aber insbesondere die leicht vergrößerten Ausmaße machten sie in Fotografen- und Sammlerkreisen nicht sehr beliebt. Erst die M4-2 von 1977 überzeugte die Leica-Freunde wieder. Die 1984 erschienene Leica M6 wies nach der M5 als zweite M-Leica eine Belichtungsmessung durch das Objektiv auf. Über Leuchtdioden wurde dem Fotografen drohende Über- oder Unterbelichtung angezeigt. Mit der M7 erschien 2002 erstmals eine M-Leica mit Zeitautomatik. Nur wenig später erschien mit der MP Leicas Zugeständnis an die Tradition, indem weniger Wert auf Modernität durch elektronische Bauteile gelegt wurde, aber dafür mehr Wert auf kompromisslose Fertigungsqualität und Mechanik. Die MP ist äußerlich und im Innern so viel wie eine M2 mit Belichtungsmessung.
[[Datei:Leica M7 MotorDrive M Summilux 1 4 35mm ASPH 01.jpg|thumb|right|Leica M7, MotorDrive M, Summilux 1.4/35mm ASPH.]]

Neben den genannten Modellen gab es häufig Sondermodelle. Beispielsweise war die M eine Version ohne Messsucher, gedacht für die Verwendung des Spiegelreflex-Aufsatzes [[Visoflex]], von der M6 erschienen Versionen mit Titan-Gehäuse u. Ä.

Aktuelle Modelle sind die 35mm-Film-Kameras Leica M7 und Leica MP, sowie die digitale M9 (Stand: 2009). Historische M-Modelle gehören zu den Klassikern unter den Fotoapparaten und erzielen unter Sammlern beachtliche Preise.

In stark miniaturisierter Form werden Leica-M Modelle von der Firma [[Minox]] als [[Kleinstbildfotografie|Kleinstbild-]] und [[Digitalkamera]]version maßstabsgetreu nachgebaut.

=== Leicaflex (1964-1976) ===

[[Datei:Leicaflex SL2 2.jpg|thumb|right|Eine Leicaflex SL2 mit 3 passenden Objektiven.]]
Die Leicaflex war ursprünglich für die Außenmessung mit einem Selen-Belichtungsmesser konstruiert, das ist an der Blechverblendung vor dem Prisma zu erkennen. Doch dieses Modell kam nie auf den Markt. Leitz entschloss sich kurzerhand, die Außenmessung mit einem CdS-Belichtungsmesser vorzunehmen. Die Vorserie, die etwa 200 ausgesuchten Fotografen zum Testen zur Verfügung gestellt wurde, hatte noch hellverchromte Objektive. Diese „helle“ Verchromung beeinflusste durch Reflexe die Außenmessung, so dass in der Serie die Objektive „schwarz-verchromt“ geliefert wurden. Das neue R-Bajonett (R steht für Reflex) wurde im Vergleich zum M-Bajonett im Durchmesser erheblich vergrößert. Dies gab mehr Freiheiten für die Objektivkonstruktion. Der Verschluss ermöglichte eine kürzeste Verschlusszeit von 1/2000 s und war nominell graviert mit einer Blitzsychronzeit für Elektronenblitz-Geräte von 1/100 s - effektiv war es allerdings 1/90 s. 1964, bei Markteinführung des ersten Modells entsprach diese Spiegelreflex-Kamera nicht mehr dem Stand der Technik, da sie keine TTL-Messung hatte. Ihr besonderes Merkmal war die sehr helle Sucherscheibe mit einer feinen Fresnel-Linse, die allerdings für lange Brennweiten und Makro-Aufnahmen wenig geeignet war.
Da Leitz keine Retrofocus-Objektive mit großem Bildwinkel im Programm hatte, wurde eine spezielle Konstruktion eines symmetrisch aufgebauten Super-Angulon mit 21 mm der Firma Schneider eingesetzt. Deshalb war eine Spiegelvorauslösung und für diese Brennweite ein Zusatzsucher erforderlich. Diese erste Leicaflex war in verchromter und auch in schwarz lackierter Ausführung erhältlich; letztere ist weitaus seltener. Insgesamt wurden 37'500 Stück gebaut.

1968 wurde die Leicaflex durch die ''Leicaflex SL'' mit einer TTL-Belichtungsmessung abgelöst. Sie bot zudem eine Selektivmessung, die im Wesentlichen einer Spotmessung mit etwas größerem Messfeld entspricht. Das war über Jahre ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Leicaflex. Das Gehäuse zeigte nun eine klare Form, ohne dass die ursprünglichen Prägungen für den Selen-Belichtungsmesser zur Außenmessung erkennbar waren. Die passenden Objektive benötigen eine sogenannte 2-Cam-Steuerung, um für die Belichtungsmessung durch das Objektiv geeignet zu sein. Ansonsten war sie mit der Leicaflex weitgehend identisch. Die Leicaflex SL wurde serienmäßig hell oder schwarz verchromt ausgeliefert; nur einzelne Exemplare wurden schwarz lackiert. Die Gesamtproduktion beläuft sich auf etwa 72'000 Einheiten, von denen knapp 1100 für den Betrieb mit dem optional erhältlichen SL-Motor ausgelegt waren.

Mit der ''Leicaflex SL 2'' wurde das letzte Modell der Leicaflex-Reihe vorgestellt. Ihre Hauptmerkmale waren ein empfindlicherer Belichtungsmesser sowie ein geänderter Sucheraufbau mit Beleuchtung, Schnittbildentfernungsmesser und modifiziertem Spiegel für extreme Weitwinkelobjektive. Später wurde noch eine Version für den Einsatz mit dem Motor-Winder vorgestellt. Dennoch war die SL 2 schon zum Zeitpunkt der Markteinführung nicht mehr auf dem Stand der Technik gegen eine Konkurrenz, die bereits eifrig an Multiautomaten arbeitete. Zudem war die Produktion der SL 2 so teuer, dass die Gehäuse mit Verlust in den Markt gedrückt und der Gewinn mit den Objektiven erzielt werden musste. So endete die Produktion nach nur zwei Jahren und ungefähr 25'500 Exemplaren, davon in der Serienfertigung in bekannten Nummernkreisen 1020 in der „Mot“-Ausführung. Darüber hinaus gibt es einige „Nachserienmodelle“ in geringer Auflage, die nicht diesen Nummernkreisen zuzurechnen sind.

=== Leica R (1976-2009) ===
→ ''Hauptartikel: [[Leica R]]''
[[Datei:Leica-R4s-p1030399.jpg|thumb|Leica R4s]]
Um den wachsenden Markt der Spiegelreflexkameras nicht aufgeben zu müssen, ging Leitz Anfang der siebziger Jahre eine Kooperation mit Minolta ein, durch die Leitz Zugriff auf moderne Technik wie etwa Zeitautomatik erlangte. Dies führte 1976 zur Vorstellung der Leica R 3, mit der Leitz wieder weitgehend den Anschluss geschafft hatte. Leider versäumte Leitz alsbald die Entwicklung des Autofocus, so dass die Firma erneut technisch ins Hintertreffen geriet. Seit den späten neunziger Jahren entwickelt die heutige Leica Camera AG wieder selbstständig Spiegelreflexkameras. Im März 2009 wurde die Produktion der R-Reihe eingestellt.

Ab Mitte 2005 ist Leica mit der zweiten modularen [[Digitale Kamerarückwand|digitalen Kamerarückwand]] für [[Kleinbild]]kameras vertreten. Diese wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit [[Hasselblad]]/Imacon entwickelt. Das Leica Digital-Modul-R (DMR) kann an Kleinbildkameras vom Typ Leica R 8 und R 9 an Stelle der Standardrückwand befestigt werden. Es hat eine effektive [[Bildauflösung]] von ca. 10 Millionen Pixel und besitzt einen [[Formatfaktor]] von 1.37, nutzt also von der vollen Kleinbildfläche 24 × 36 mm einen Bereich von 17,5 × 26,3 mm. Es unterstützt als weltweit erstes Digitalprodukt das innovative und offene [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]] [[Digital Negative|DNG-Format]]. Das Leica-DMR ist jedoch nicht nur wegen seines hohen Anschaffungspreises als Nischenprodukt zu betrachten, es bietet zumindest für Leica-R-Besitzer eine reizvolle Alternative, mit hochwertigen R-[[Objektiv (Optik)|Objektiven]] digitales Bildmaterial zu generieren.

=== Leica S ===
→ ''Hauptartikel: [[Leica S]]''

Im September 2008 stellte Leica mit der Baureihe S ein bei Leica in Solms völlig neuentwickeltes digitales Spiegelreflexkamerasystem vor, dessen Sensorgröße zwischen Kleinbild und Mittelformat liegt. Die erste Kamera der Baureihe, die S 2 ("S 1" war bereits die Bezeichnung einer früheren Digitalkamera von Leica, vgl. [[Leica_Camera#Leica-S-1-System|unten]]) verfügt über einen CCD-Sensor von [[Kodak]] mit 37 Mio. Bildpunkten. Der Bildprozessor MAESTRO wurde mit Fujitsu gemeinsam entwickelt. Die S 2 und die passenden Objektive sollen laut Leica in Deutschland gefertigt werden.

=== Leica Kompaktkameras ===
==== mini (1988–2005) ====
Die Kameras der Serie "mini" waren kleine 35mm-[[Kompaktkamera]]s mit Plastikgehäuse und einem Objektiv „Elmar“ 35/3,5 im Stil der Konkurrenz von [[Olympus]] AF-1 und [[Yashica]] T 2. Sie besaßen Autofokus, einen eingebauten Blitz und motorischen Filmtransport. Charakteristisch für alle minis ist die rechteckige Einfassung des Objektivs. Die "mini" wurde 1988-1993 angeboten, gefolgt von der "mini II" (1993-1998). Das letzte Modell war die "mini 3" (1998-2005), die ein neues Objektiv „Summar“ 32/3,2 erhielt.

==== Minilux (1995–2003) ====
[[Datei:Minilux.JPG|right|thumb|Leica Minilux]]
Die ''Minilux'' waren kleine Kameras für 35-mm-Film mit einem „Summarit“ 40/2.4, welches zum Transport in das Titan-Gehäuse der Kamera eingefahren werden konnte. Sie hatten einen eingebauten Blitz, Programm- und Zeitautomatik sowie Autofokus. Es gab auch die Möglichkeit, den Autofokus zu deaktivieren und die Entfernung manuell einzustellen, wobei die AF-Elektronik durch Leuchtdioden im Sucher behilflich war. Die Fertigung der Minilux-Modelle erfolgte durch [[Panasonic]] in Japan. Zeitweise wurde auch eine Variante mit Zoom-Objektiv angeboten. Die Variante mit fester Brennweite war im Markt als Konkurrenzmodell zur [[Contax]] T 2 bis T 5 zu sehen.

==== CM (2003-2007) ====
[[Datei:Leica_CM.gif|thumb|left|[[Leica CM]] mit Leica Objektiv „Summarit 1:2,4/40mm“]]
Die ''CM'' ist ein geringfügig verändertes Nachfolge-Modell der Minilux. Das Gehäuse ist weiterhin aus Titan, sieht aber klassischer aus als das der Minilux. Beibehalten wurde auch das 40/2,4 „Summarit“. Zusätzlich zum eingebauten Blitz gibt es nun einen Blitzschuh. Auch von der CM gab es eine Variante mit Zoom-Objektiv. Anders als die Minilux wurde die CM nicht in Japan sondern in Deutschland produziert. Sie ist seit März 2007 nicht mehr erhältlich.

=== Leica Digitalkompaktkameras ===

==== Kooperation mit Fuji: Digilux (1998-2001) ====
Anfangs ging Leica eine strategische Allianz mit [[Fujifilm]] ein. Aus dieser Partnerschaft gingen 1998 die ersten ''Digilux'' Kameras hervor. Der erwartungsgemäß hohe Leica-Anspruch wurde bei diesen frühen [[Original Equipment Manufacturer|OEM]]-Modellen durch Hinzufügen eines edleren Gehäuses und eines erhöhten Preises bei weitem noch nicht erfüllt. Die Kameras aus dieser Baureihe waren weitgehend baugleich zu den Fuji-Modellen, das waren ''Leica Digilux'', ''Leica Digilux Zoom'' und ''Leica Digilux 4.3''. Diese Partnerschaft galt als wenig fruchtbar und wurde im Mai 2001 eingestellt.

==== Kooperation mit Panasonic (2002-) ====
[[Datei:Leica digilux II.jpg|thumb|Leica Digilux 2 mit DC Vario-Summicron 1:2.0-2.4/7-22.5]]
[[Datei:Leica-IMG 0094.JPG|right|thumb|Leica Digilux 3 mit ausgeklapptem Blitz und Zoom-Objektiv 14-50mm]]
[[Datei:Leica-D-Lux-3.jpg|thumb|right|Leica D-Lux 3]]

Im Anschluss fand Leica in [[Matsushita]]/[[Panasonic]] einen neuen Partner. Panasonic-Videokameras und auch digitale Kompaktkameras sind ab diesem Zeitpunkt mit Leica-Objektiven ausgestattet. Leica bietet in der Kooperation die Serien Digilux, C-Lux und D-Lux an.

Anfang 2002 erschien die ''[[Leica Digilux|Leica Digilux 1]]'' als erstes Ergebnis der neuen Partnerschaft. Bei diesem Modell (Design: [[Achim Heine]]) wurde der Leica-Anspruch schon deutlich sichtbarer, jedoch erwies sich die Panasonic-Technik den hohen Qualitätsansprüchen der Leica-Fotografen noch nicht als ebenbürtig. Zur [[Photo Marketing Association International|PMA]] 2003 erschien die ultrakompakte ''Leica D-Lux'', die eine modifizierte und im Styling auf Leica-Niveau getrimmte [[Panasonic]] DMC-F 1 ist.

Zum Jahreswechsel 2003/2004 kam die ''[[Leica Digilux|Digilux 2]]'' auf den Markt. Dieses Modell setzt bereits eigene Maßstäbe bei der Benutzerfreundlichkeit und logischen Bedienung. Im Design ist die Digilux 2 stark an die klassische Leica M angelehnt. Das verwendete, festeingebaute Objektiv der Digilux 2 stellt die bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt aufwendigste und hochwertigste optische Konstruktion von allen kompakten Digitalkameras auf dem Markt dar. Allerdings erfüllte die Elektronik bei weitem nicht die Erwartungen, sodass das Modell auch wegen des überhöhten Preises in der Fachpresse verrissen wurde. Zum Ende des Jahres 2005 wurde die Produktion der Digilux 2 eingestellt.

Auf der PMA 2006 wurde die Panasonic DMC L 1 zusammen mit einem Leica-Objektiv 14 bis 50 mm mit einer Lichtstärke von 2,8 bis 3,5 und Bildstabilisator für das von Olympus und Kodak entwickelte [[Four-Thirds-Standard|Four-Thirds-(4/3)-System]] vorgestellt. Als Neuheit in diesem System ist auf dem Leica-Objektiv ein Blendenring vorhanden. Damit ist es möglich, die Blende von Hand einzustellen.
Ende September 2006 wurde dann auf der Photokina in Köln die zur Lumix DMC L 1 praktisch baugleiche [[Leica Digilux|Leica Digilux 3]] vorgestellt. Es handelt sich um ein eigenständiges digitales Spiegelreflex-System von Leica, bei dem Objektivwechsel möglich sind. Sie entspricht dem Four/Third-Standard, was bedeutet, dass auch Sigma-, Panasonic- und Olympus-Objektive mit Four/Third-Bajonett verwendet werden können. Über einen Adapter können auch die 'alten' R-Objektive an der Digilux 3 verwendet werden - allerdings nur mit Arbeitsblende. Auf der Photokina 2008 wurde die Digilux 3 nicht mehr von Leica präsentiert.

2007 erschien die ''Leica V-Lux 1'', die weitgehend baugleich mit der [[Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ50]] ist. Es handelt sich um eine sog. [[Bridgekamera]] mit fest eingebautem 12fach-Zoomobjektiv „Leica DC Vario-Elmarit“ mit einer Brennweite von f=7,4 - 88,8mm (35 mm bis 420 mm ASPH), das schon in der Lumix FZ30 verbaut war.

Die Kooperation zwischen Leica und Panasonic setzt sich bis heute (2009) in den digitalen Kameras der [[Lumix|Lumix-Serie]] von Panasonic fort. Die gute Bildqualität dieser Kameras bezüglich der Auflösung dürfte dabei vor allem auf die ausgezeichneten Leica-Objektive „Leica-DC-Vario-[[Summicron]]“ (Lumix DMC-LC 1 fast baugleich zur Digilux 2) und „Leica-DC-Vario-[[Elmarit]]“ (Lumix DMC-FZ 10, FZ 20, FZ 30 und weitere Modelle) zurückzuführen sein. Eine Besonderheit ist dabei das Leica-Objektiv in der Lumix DMC-FZ 10 und [[FZ20]], das über den gesamten zwölffachen Zoom-Bereich (FZ 20: 6 bis 72 mm; 36 mm bis 432 mm entsprechend Kleinbild) eine Lichtstärke von f/2.8 bietet. Im Jahr 2008 neu erschienene Modelle sind die ''D-Lux 4'' und die ''C-Lux 3''. Dabei ist die D-Lux 4 weitgehend baugleich mit der [[Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX3]], die C-Lux 3 weitgehend baugleich zur [[Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX37]].

==== Leica X1 ====

Am 9. September 2009 wurde auf einer weltweit im Internet übertragenen Pressekonferenz die neue [[Leica X1]] vorgestellt. Sie basiert auf einem modifizierten Gehäuse des M-Systems und besitzt ein 1:2,8/24 Objektiv mit Autofocus Funktion (äquivalent 35mm KB-Format). Der CMOS-Bildsensor (APS C Format) besitzt 12,2 Megapixel.

=== Aktuelle Produktpalette ===
Zur Zeit (Stand: Dezember 2009) werden im Leica-Katalog folgende Modelle geführt:
* M-Reihe: M7, MP, M9 sowie Abverkauf einiger Sondermodelle (M8 "white" und M8.2 "Safari")
* S-Reihe: S2
* Kompaktkameras: D-Lux 4 (incl. Sondermodell "Safari") und X1

=== Professionelle Bildverarbeitungssysteme ===
==== Leica SD2000 ====
[[Datei:SD2000.jpg|left|thumb|Leica SD2000 Stereo-Plotter]]
Professioneller Stereo-Plotter für das Erfassen und Bearbeiten stereometrischer Bilder (z.B. Luftaufnahmen).

==== Leica-S-1-System ====
Zum Börsengang 1996 stellte Leica die Scannerkamera S 1 vor. Das erste Modell ist die Leica S 1 Pro. Die S 1 Pro ist eine Kamera mit sehr hoher Auflösung für den stationären Einsatz am Reprostativ oder im Studio. Die Auflösung der S 1 Pro beträgt ca. 26 Millionen Bildpunkte. Auf einer Fläche von 36 × 36 mm² werden 5140 × 5140 Bildpunkte (Pixel) gescannt und per Lichtleiter direkt an den angeschlossenen Rechner übertragen. Eine Besonderheit ist das wechselbare Objektiv-Adaptersystem, das es möglich macht, Objektive der Systeme Leica R, Leica M, Hasselblad, Mamiya 4,5 × 6, Schraubgewinde, Großformat sowie alle mechanischen Objektive von Canon (FD), Nikon, etc. anzuschliessen. Die Software für die S 1 Pro/Alpha ist das von [[LaserSoft Imaging]] für Hochleistungsscanner entwickelte [[SilverFast]]. Es wurden ca. 160 Kameras gebaut und hauptsächlich an Museen, Archive, Forschungsanstalten, Dokumentationsabteilungen verkauft. Der Preis lag 1998 bei ca. 33'000 DM. Das System wurde weltweit durch Leica direkt und durch den grafischen Fachhandel verkauft. Etwas später kamen die Leica S 1 Alpha mit der halben Auflösung (ca. 20'000 DM) und eine S 1 Highspeed mit 4000 × 4000 Bildpunkten und extrem kurzen Scanzeiten (ca. 45'000 DM) auf den Markt.

== Prismenferngläser, Spektive ==
[[Datei:Leica_Trinovid_8x20_BC.jpg|thumb|Leica Trinovid 8 × 20 BC]]
Leica ist nicht nur auf dem Bereich der Kameratechnik eine der weltweit führenden Marken, sondern auch im Bereich der [[Prismenfernglas|Prismenferngläser]]. Neben den binokularen Prismenferngläsern kompakter Bauart werden in Solms besonders leistungsfähige [[Spektiv]]e gefertigt.

=== Spektive ===

Leica hat vier Spektive im Programm, die alle weltweit einen hervorragenden Ruf genießen. Die zwei älteren Modelle ''Leica Televid 77'' und ''Leica APO-Televid 77'' sind mit einer [[Eintrittspupille]] (Objektivöffnung) von 77 mm etwas größer und schwerer als ihre neueren Nachfolgermodelle ''Leica Televid 62'' und ''Leica APO-Televid 62'' mit einer [[Eintrittspupille]] von 62 mm.

Jedes der vier Modelle wird entweder mit einem 45°-Schrägeinblick oder einem Geradeinblick hergestellt.

Werte wie [[Vergrößerungsfaktor]] oder [[Austrittspupille]] sind auch bei den Leica-Spektiven von den wechselbaren [[Okular]]en abhängig. Es gibt von ihnen fünf Modelle:

{| class="prettytable centered"
|-class="hintergrundfarbe6"
!
! WW-Ok-1
! WW-Ok-2
! W-Ok-3
! Ok-4
! Zoom-Ok-5
|-
|Objektivtyp
|Weitwinkel, Festbrennweite
|Weitwinkel, Festbrennweite
|Weitwinkel, Festbrennweite
|Festbrennweite
|Zoomokular
|-
|Vergrößerung
|20× (77)/16× (62)
|32× (77)/26× (62)
|40× (77)/32× (62)
|40× (77)/32× (62)
|20–60× (77)/16–48× (62)
|-
|Sehfeld
|54 m (77)/60 m (62)
|40 m (77)/50 m (62)
|32 m (77)/40 m(62)
|22 m (77)/28 m(62)
|20–34 m (77)/24–44 m(62)
|-
|}

==== Baureihe Televid 77 ====

Die Baureihe Televid 77 verfügt über ein Porro-Prismensystem und eine Brennweite von 440 mm. Der Nahbereich von etwa 3,90 m macht selbst auf kurze Distanz eine Vergrößerung möglich und ist in dieser Art einzigartig unter den Spektiven. Die von Leica [[patent]]ierte Dualfokusierung macht eine grobe und eine feine Scharfeinstellung möglich. Das stabile [[Aluminium]]-Druckgussgehäuse schützt das Spektiv gegen leichte Stöße und Flüssigkeit. Druckwasserdichte bis drei Meter wird garantiert. Das Gewicht beträgt 1,5 kg bzw. 1,7 kg (APO).

==== Baureihe Televid 62 ====

Diese relativ neuen Spektive wurden ebenfalls mit einem Porro-Prismensystem ausgestattet; sie haben eine Brennweite von 352 mm. Der Nahbereich konnte dadurch im Vergleich zu den 77ern noch etwas verbessert werden und liegt bei etwa 3,50 m. Der Aluminium-[[Kohlefaser]]-[[Verbundwerkstoff]] sorgt für hohe Stabilität und reduziert das Gewicht nochmals deutlich mit 910 bis 1070 Gramm. Auch die Spektive der 62er Baureihe sind bis drei Meter Tiefe wasserdicht und verfügen über Dualfokussierung.

=== APO-Technik ===

APO steht für die ''[[apochromatisch]]e [[Farbfehlerkorrektur]]''. Wichtige Hilfsmittel des Optikkonstrukteurs sind dabei spezielle [[Linse (Optik)|Linsen]] mit [[anomal]]er [[Teildispersion]] und [[fluorit]]haltigen [[Glas]]sorten. Ziel und Auswirkung der Technik ist es, die Schärfe und den Kontrast und damit die Fähigkeit des Objektivs, feine Strukturen wiedergeben zu können (Modulationsübertragungsfunktion), zu erhöhen sowie eine natürliche Farbwiedergabe zu erhalten: Drei Kriterien, deren Qualitäten schnell abnehmen, je lichtstärker die Optik ist.

== Projektion ==
Leica präsentierte 1926, ein Jahr nach Einführung der Leica I, den ersten Kleinbild-[[Diaprojektor]] der Welt. Leica baut seit vielen Jahrzehnten Projektoren, sowohl für den professionellen Einsatz (Film- und Großprojektoren) also auch Diaprojektoren (Produktreihe ''Pradovit'') für den Amateurbereich. Seit einigen Jahren werden auch digitale Projektoren angeboten.

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references/>

== Literatur ==
* [[Erich Stenger]]: ''Die Geschichte der Kleinbildkamera bis zur Leica''. Herausgegeben von den Optischen Werken Ernst Leitz, Wetzlar aus Anlass ihres  hundertjährigen Firmen-Jubiläums 1949
* Andrew Matheson: ''Das ganze Leica-System''. Wilhelm Knapp-Verlag, 1956
* Brian Tompkins: ''Leica Cameras, Pocket Book''. Deutsche Ausgabe, bearbeitet von F.-W. Rüttinger, Wittig Fachbuchverlag, 1984
* Curt Emmermann (Hrsg.): ''Photographieren mit der Leica''. Wilhelm Knapp Verlag, Halle an der Saale, 1930 (Reprint bei Lindemanns Fotobuchhandlung, nach 1985)
* Dennis Laney: ''Leica Cameras, Zubehör''. Wittig Fachbuchverlag, 1984
* Dennis Laney: ''Leica, Das Produkt- und Sammlerbuch''. Lindemanns. ISBN 3895062235
* E. G. Keller: ''Leica. Der Ursprung der heutigen Kleinbildfotografie''. Stuttgart, 1990
* Paul-Henry van Hasbroeck: ''Leica''. Callwey München, 1987
* James L. Lager: ''Leica, An Illustrated History''. Vol. I: Cameras, Vol. II: Lenses, Vol III: Accessories. Eigenverlag 1993
* Ghester Sartorius: ''Identifying Leica Cameras''. EDITRICE REFLEX 1997
* Ghester Sartorius: ''Identifying Leica Lenses''. EDITRICE REFLEX 1999
* G. Rogliatti: ''Leica, von 1925 bis heute''. Wittig Fachbuch, 1995
* Gianni Rogliatti: ''Objektive für Leica Kameras von 1924 bis Heute''. Wittich Fachbuch. ISBN 3889840108
* Heinrich Stöckler: ''Die LEICA in Beruf und Wissenschaft''. Breidenstein-Verlag, 1941
* Jonathan Eastland: ''Leica M HANDBUCH - Das komplette Leica M System von Gestern bis Heute''. Übertragung aus dem Englischen: Günter Richter. Verlag Laterna magica Joachim F. Richter, München, 1995
* Theo Kisselbach: ''Das Leica-Buch''. Heering-Verlag, 1969
* Theo Kisselbach: ''Kleines Leica-Buch''. Heering-Verlag, 1951
* Theo M. Scheerer: ''Leica und Leica-System''. Umschau Verlag, 1960
* Fritz Vith: ''Leica-Handbuch''. Technisch-pädagogischer Verlag, Wetzlar
* Dr. [[Paul Wolff]]: ''Meine Erfahrungen mit der Leica''. Breidenstein, Frankfurt, 1939
* Dr. [[Paul Wolff]]: ''Meine Erfahrungen – farbig''. Breidenstein, Frankfurt, 1942
* Günther Osterloh: Leica M – Hohe Schule der Kleinbildfotografie. Umschau Verlag.
* Günther Osterloh: Leica R
* Günther Osterloh: ''50 Jahre Leica M''. Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2004
* Alessandro Pasi: ''Die Leica, Zeugin eines Jahrhunderts''. Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2004
* Knut Kühn-Leitz: „Ernst Leitz – Wegbereiter der Leica. Ein vorbildlicher Unternehmer und mutiger Demokrat.“ Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2006
* Volker Albus, Achim Heine [HRSG./ED.]: ''Leica - Positionen der Markenkultur (Views of Brand Culture).'' Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH, Berlin, 2004. ISBN 3-87584-106-9

== Weblinks ==
{{Commons|Leica}}
* [http://www.leica.de Gemeinsame Webseite der Marke Leica]
* [http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/berek.html/ Prof. Max Berek (1886–1949)]
* [http://www.phsc.ca/phsc_e-mail/Vol-5/PHSC-E-Mail-V5-2-Dr-Mandler.pdf Dr. Walter Mandler (1922–2005)] (PDF-Datei; 310 kB)

Die drei inzwischen unabhängigen Firmen:
* [http://www.leica-camera.de Leica Camera AG], [[Solms]], Deutschland
* [http://www.leica-microsystems.com Leica Microsystems GmbH], [[Wetzlar]], Deutschland
* [http://www.leica-geosystems.de Leica Geosystems AG], [[Heerbrugg]], Schweiz

== Foren ==
* [http://www.l-camera-forum.com/leica-forum/ L-Camera-Forum]
* [http://www.leicainfo.de LEICA-Info-Forum]

[[Kategorie:Leica-Kamera]]
[[Kategorie:Fotounternehmen]]
[[Kategorie:Optikhersteller]]
[[Kategorie:Fernoptikhersteller]]
[[Kategorie:Unternehmen (Wetzlar)]]
[[Kategorie:Markenname]]
[[Kategorie:Solms]]

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[[en:Leica Camera]]
[[eo:Leica (fotilo)]]
[[es:Leica]]
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[[fr:Leica]]
[[he:מצלמת לייקה]]
[[hu:Leica]]
[[it:Leica]]
[[ja:ライカ]]
[[ko:라이카 (카메라)]]
[[nl:Leica]]
[[nn:Leica]]
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[[pt:Leica (empresa)]]
[[ru:Leica Camera]]
[[simple:Leica Camera]]
[[sv:Leica]]
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[[tr:Leica]]
[[uk:Лейка (фотоапарат)]]
[[vi:Leica]]
[[zh:徕卡]]

Cragside

2009-10-04T04:37:41Z

Quiddity: Abroad Again in Britain

{{Infobox UK property
|property_name = Cragside
|image_name = Cragside2.JPG
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Cragside, Northumberland
|type = Country House
|NT/EH/RHS = NT
|managed =
|area = 400ha
|main = Victorian country house
|other = Gardens
|public_access = Yes
|museum = Yes
|exhibition = Yes
|country = [[England]]
|region = [[North East England|North East]]
|gridsquare = NU0702
|address = Rothbury, Morpeth, Northumberland
|postcode = NE65 7PX
|refreshments = Yes
|parking = Yes
|shop = Yes
|website =
|co_ord ={{coord|55|18|49|N|1|53|08|W|display=inline,title|region:GB_type:landmark}}
}}
'''Cragside''' is a [[country house]] near [[Rothbury]] in [[Northumberland]], [[England]]. It was the first house in the world to be lit using [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] power. Built into a rocky hillside above a 4 km² forest garden, it was the country home of [[William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong|Lord Armstrong]] and has been in the care of the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] since 1977.

Cragside, named after ''Cragend Hill'' above the house, was built in 1863 as a modest, two-storey country lodge, but was subsequently extended to designs by [[Norman Shaw]], transforming it into an elaborate mansion in the [[tudorbethan|Free Tudor]] style. At one point, the building included an astronomical [[observatory]] and a scientific laboratory.
[[Image:Cragside1.jpg|Cragside|thumb|left]]
In 1868, a [[hydraulic]] engine was installed, with water being used to power labour-saving machines such as laundry equipment, a [[rotisserie]] and a hydraulic [[elevator|lift]]. In 1870, water from one of the estate's lakes was used to drive a [[Siemens AG|Siemens]] [[dynamo]] in what was the world's first hydroelectric [[power station]]. The resultant electricity was used to power an [[arc lamp]] installed in the Gallery in 1878. The arc lamp was replaced in 1880 by [[Joseph Swan]]'s [[incandescent lamp]]s in what Swan considered 'the first proper installation' of electric lighting.

The generators, which also provided power for the farm buildings on the estate, were constantly extended and improved to match the increasing electrical demand in the house.

The Grade I [[Listed building|listed]]<ref>{{IoE|236348|- Grade I}}</ref> house is surrounded by one of [[Europe]]'s largest [[rock garden]]s, a large number of [[rhododendron]]s, and a large collection of mostly [[conifer]]ous [[tree]]s, among which one [[Douglas-fir]] is the tallest tree in England, at 59 m tall.

The documentary series ''Abroad Again in Britain'' by [[Jonathan Meades]], focused on Cragside House in episode 2 (2005).

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{River Coquet settlements}}
*[http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-cragsidehousegardenandestate/ Cragside Gardens & Estate information at the National Trust]
*[http://www.ejr.ndo.co.uk/crag.html Cragside History and Pictures]

[[Category:Gardens in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Houses in Northumberland]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Northumberland]]
[[Category:Tudorbethan architecture]]
[[Category:Grade I listed houses]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Northumberland]]

MacArthur Fellowship

2009-06-20T17:33:07Z

Quiddity: /* 1998 */ dab

The '''MacArthur Fellows Program''' or '''MacArthur Fellowship''' ([[nickname]]d the '''Genius Award''') is an award given by the [[John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation]] each year to typically 20 to 40 [[United States citizens]] or residents, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced [[creative work]]."

According to the Foundation's website, "the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a person's originality, insight, and potential." The current amount of the award is $500,000, paid as quarterly installments over five years. {{As of|2007}}, there have been 756 recipients who have received a total of more than $350 million.

The Fellowship has no application. People are nominated anonymously by a body of nominators who submit recommendations to a small selection committee of about a dozen people, also anonymous. The committee then reviews every nominee and passes along their recommendations to the President and the [[board of directors]]. Most new MacArthur Fellows first learn that they have even been considered when they receive the congratulatory phone call. An editorial published in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by MacArthur Fellow [[James Collins (Boston University)|James Collins]] describes the experience. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/opinion/19collins.html]

==List of MacArthur Fellows==
MacArthur Fellows organized by the year of their awards:

===1981===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[A. R. Ammons]], poet
*[[Joseph Brodsky]], poet
*[[Michael A. Beer]], statistical physicist
*[[Gregory Chudnovsky|Gregory V. Chudnovsky]], mathematician
*[[Robert Coles]], child psychiatrist
*[[Shelly Errington]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]], literary critic
*[[Michael Ghiselin]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Stephen Jay Gould]], paleontology
*[[Ian Graham]], archaeologist
*[[John Imbrie]], climatologist
*[[Elma Lewis]], arts educator
*[[James Alan McPherson]], novelist, writer
*[[Roy Mottahedeh|Roy P. Mottahedeh]], historian
*[[Douglas D. Osheroff]], physicist
*[[Robert Root-Bernstein]], biologist and historian of science
*[[Lawrence Rosen]], attorney and anthropologist
*[[Carl E. Schorske]], intellectual historian
*[[Leslie Marmon Silko]], writer
*[[Derek Walcott]], poet and playwright
*[[Robert Penn Warren]], poet, writer, and literary critic
*[[Stephen Wolfram]], computer scientist and physicist<ref name = "Fellows81">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142675/k.24F6/Fellows_List__June_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows June 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-break}}
*[[John Cairns (biochemist)|John Cairns]], molecular biologist
*[[Joel E. Cohen]], population biologist
*[[Richard Critchfield]], essayist
*[[Howard Gardner]], psychologist
*[[John Gaventa]], sociologist
*[[David Hawkins]], philosopher
*[[John P. Holdren]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[Ada Louise Huxtable]], architectural critic and historian
*[[Robert Kates]], geographer
*[[Raphael Carl Lee]], surgeon
*[[Cormac McCarthy]], writer
*[[Barbara McClintock]], geneticist
*[[Richard C. Mulligan]], molecular biologist
*[[Elaine Pagels|Elaine H. Pagels]], historian of religion
*[[David Pingree]], Historian of Science
*[[Paul G. Richards]], seismologist
*[[Richard Rorty]], philosopher
*[[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]], astrophysicist
*[[Michael Woodford (economist)|Michael Woodford]], economist
*[[George Zweig]], physicist and neurobiologist<ref name = "Fellows81b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139463/k.738A/Fellows_List__December_1981.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows December 1981|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1982===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Fouad Ajami]], political scientist
*[[Charles Bigelow (type designer)|Charles A. Bigelow]], graphic designer
*[[Peter Robert Lamont Brown]], historian
*[[Robert Darnton]], European historian
*[[Persi Diaconis]], statistician
*[[William Gaddis]], novelist
*[[Ved Mehta]], writer
*[[Robert Parris Moses]], educator and philosopher
*[[Richard A. Muller]], geologist and astrophysicist
*[[Conlon Nancarrow]], composer
{{col-break}}
*[[Alfonso Ortiz]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Francesca Rochberg]], Assyriologist and historian of science
*[[Charles Sabel]], political scientist and legal scholar
*[[Ralph Shapey]], composer and conductor
*[[Michael Silverstein]], linguist
*[[Randolph Whitfield, Jr]], ophthalmologist
*[[Frank Wilczek]], physicist
*[[Frederick Wiseman]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Edward Witten]], physicist <ref name = "Fellows82">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1139465/k.79DA/Fellows_List__August_1982.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1982|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1983===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[R. Stephen Berry]], physical chemist
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian of Africa
*[[William H. Durham]], biological anthropologist
*[[Bradley Efron]], statistician
*[[David L. Felten]], neuroscientist
*[[Shelomo Dov Goitein]], medieval historian
*[[Ramon Gutierrez]], historian
*[[Bela Julesz]], psychologist
*[[William Kennedy (author)|William Kennedy]], novelist
*[[Leszek Kołakowski]], historian of philosophy and religion
*[[Brad Leithauser]], poet and writer
*[[Lawrence W. Levine]], historian
*[[Ralph Manheim]], translator
*[[Charles S. Peskin]], mathematician and physiologist
*[[Julia Robinson]], mathematician
*[[John Sayles]], filmmaker and writer
*[[Peter Sellars]], theater and opera director
{{col-break}}
*[[Adrian Wilson (book designer)]], book designer, printer, and historian of the book
*[[Irene J. Winter]], art historian and archaeologist
*[[Mark S. Wrighton]], chemist<ref name = "Fellows83">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142677/k.7B61/Fellows_List__February_1983.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows February 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Seweryn Bialer]], political scientist
*[[William C. Clark]], ecologist and environmental policy analyst
*[[Randall W. Forsberg]], political scientist and arms control strategist
*[[Alexander L. George]], political scientist
*[[Mott T. Greene]], historian of science
*[[John J. Hopfield]], physicist and biologist
*[[Sylvia A. Law]], human rights lawyer
*[[Robert K. Merton]], historian and sociologist of science
*[[Walter F. Morris, Jr.]], cultural preservationist
*[[A.K. Ramanujan]], poet, translator, and literary scholar
*[[Alice M. Rivlin]], economist and policy analyst
*[[Richard M. Schoen]], mathematician
*[[Karen K. Uhlenbeck]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows83b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/pp.aspx?c=lkLXJ8MQKrH&b=1139467&printmode=1|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1983|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>

{{col-end}}

===1984===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[George W. Archibald]], ornithologist
*[[Ernesto J. Cortes, Jr.]], community organizer
*[[Robert Hass]], poet, critic, and translator
*[[Robert Irwin (artist)|Robert Irwin]], painter and installation artist
*[[Ruth Prawer Jhabvala]], novelist and screenwriter
*[[Paul Oskar Kristeller]], intellectual historian and philosopher
*[[Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot]], educator
*[[Heather Lechtman]], materials scientist and archaeologist
*[[Michael Lerner (environmentalist)]], public health leader
*[[Andrew W. Lewis]], medieval historian
*[[Arnold J. Mandell]], neuroscientist and psychiatrist
*[[Matthew Meselson]], geneticist and arms control analyst
*[[David R. Nelson]], physicist
*[[Michael Piore]], economist
*[[Judith N. Shklar]], political philosopher
*[[Charles Simic]], poet, translator, and essayist
*[[David Stuart (Mayanist)|David Stuart]], linguist and epigrapher
*[[John E. Toews]], intellectual historian
*[[James Turrell]], light sculptor
*[[Jay Weiss]], psychologist
*[[Carl R. Woese]], molecular biologist<ref name = "Fellows84">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142681/k.5724/Fellows_List__March_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows March 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Shelly Bernstein]], pediatric hematologist
*[[Peter J. Bickel]], statistician
{{col-break}}
*[[William Drayton (environmentalist)|William Drayton]], public service innovator
*[[Sidney Drell]], physicist and arms policy analyst
*[[Mitchell J. Feigenbaum]], mathematical physicist
*[[Michael H. Freedman]], mathematician
*[[Curtis G. Hames]], family physician
*[[Shirley Heath]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Bette Howland]], writer and literary critic
*[[Bill Irwin]], writer and performance artist
*[[Fritz John]], mathematician
*[[Galway Kinnell]], poet
*[[Henry Kraus]], art historian
*Peter Mathews, archaeologist and epigrapher
*[[Beaumont Newhall]], historian of photography
*[[Roger S. Payne]], zoologist and conservationist
*[[Edward V. Roberts]], civil rights leader
*[[Elliot Sperling]], Tibetan studies scholar
*[[Frank Sulloway]], psychologist (child birth-order research)
*[[Alar Toomre]], astronomer and mathematician
*[[Amos Tversky]], cognitive scientist
*[[J. Kirk Varnedoe]], art historian
*[[Bret Wallach]], geographer
*[[Arthur Winfree]], physiologist and mathematician
*[[Billie Young]], community development leader<ref name = "Fellows84b">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142683/k.77C6/Fellows_List__November_1984.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows November 1984|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1985===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Joan Abrahamson]], community development leader
*[[John Ashbery]], poet
*[[John F. Benton]], medieval historian
*[[Harold Bloom]], literary critic
*[[Valery Chalidze]], physicist and human rights organizer
*[[William Cronon]], environmental historian
*[[Merce Cunningham]], choreographer
*[[Jared Diamond]], environmental historian and Geographer
*[[Marian Edelman]], Children's Defense Fund founder
*[[Morton Halperin]], political scientist
*[[Robert M. Hayes]], lawyer and human rights leader
*[[Edwin Hutchins]], cognitive scientist
*[[Sam Maloof]], Woodworker
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrew McGuire]], trauma prevention specialist
*[[Patrick Noonan]], conservationist
*[[George Oster]], mathematical biologist
*[[Thomas G. Palaima]], classicist
*[[Peter Raven]], botanist
*[[Jane S. Richardson]], biochemist
*[[Gregory Schopen]], historian of religion
*[[Franklin Stahl]], geneticist
*[[J. Richard Steffy]], nautical archaeologist
*[[Ellen Stewart]], theater director
*[[Paul Taylor]], choreographer, dance company founder
*[[Shing-Tung Yau]], mathematician <ref name = "Fellows85">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142689/k.2AE6/Fellows_List__July_1985.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1985|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-05-18}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1986===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Paul Adams (scientist)|Paul Adams]], neurobiologist
*[[Milton Babbitt]], composer
*[[Christopher Beckwith]], philologist
*[[Richard Benson]], photographer
*[[Lester R. Brown]], agricultural economist
*[[Caroline Bynum]], medieval historian
*[[William A. Christian]], historian of religion
*[[Nancy Farriss]], historian
*[[Benedict Gross]], mathematician
*[[Daryl Hine]], poet and translator
*[[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|John Robert Horner]], paleobiologist
*[[Thomas C. Joe]], social policy analyst
*[[David Keightley]], historian and sinologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Albert J. Libchaber]], physicist
*[[David C. Page]], molecular geneticist
*[[George Perle]], composer and music theorist
*[[James Randi]], educator
*[[David Rudovsky]], civil rights lawyer
*[[Robert Shapley]], neurophysiologist
*[[Leo Steinberg]], art historian
*[[Richard P. Turco]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Thomas Whiteside]], journalist
*[[Allan C. Wilson]], biochemist
*[[Jay Wright (poet)|Jay Wright]], poet and playwright
*[[Charles Wuorinen]], composer<ref name = "Fellows86">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142693/k.79E6/Fellows_List__August_1986.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1986|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1987===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Walter Abish]], writer
*[[Robert Axelrod]], political scientist
*[[Robert F. Coleman]], mathematician
*[[Douglas Crase]], poet
*[[Daniel Friedan]], physicist
*[[David Gross]], physicist
*[[Ira Herskowitz]], molecular geneticist
*[[Irving Howe]], literary and social critic
*[[Wesley Charles Jacobs, Jr.]], rural planner
*[[Peter Jeffery]], musicologist
*[[Horace Freeland Judson]], historian of science
*[[Stuart Alan Kauffman]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Richard Kenney]], poet
*[[Eric Lander]], geneticist and mathematician
*[[Michael C. Malin|Michael Malin]], geologist and planetary scientist
*[[Deborah W. Meier]], education reform leader
{{col-break}}
*[[Arnaldo Dante Momigliano]], historian
*[[David Mumford]], mathematician
*[[Tina Rosenberg]], journalist
*[[David Rumelhart]], cognitive scientist and psychologist
*[[Robert Morris Sapolsky]], neuroendocrinologist and primatologist
*[[Meyer Schapiro]], art historian
*[[John H. Schwarz]], physicist
*[[Jon Seger]], evolutionary ecologist
*[[Stephen Shenker]], physicist
*[[David Dean Shulman]], historian of religion
*[[Muriel S. Snowden]], community organizer
*[[Mark Strand]], poet and writer
*[[May Swenson]], poet
*[[Huynh Sanh Thong]], translator and editor
*[[William Julius Wilson]], sociologist
*[[Richard Wrangham]], primate ethologist<ref name = "Fellows87">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142695/k.2A0E/Fellows_List__July_1987.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1987|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1988===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Charles Archambeau]], geophysicist
*[[Michael Baxandall]], art historian
*[[Ruth Behar]], cultural anthropologist
*[[Ran Blake]], composer and pianist
*[[Charles Burnett (director)|Charles Burnett]], filmmaker
*[[Philip James DeVries]], insect biologist
*[[Andre Dubus]], writer
*[[Helen T. Edwards]], physicist
*[[Jon H. Else]], documentary filmmaker
*[[John G. Fleagle]], primatologist and paleontologist
*[[Cornell H. Fleischer]], Middle Eastern historian
*[[Getatchew Haile]], philologist and linguist
*[[Raymond Jeanloz]], geophysicist
*[[Marvin Phillip Kahl]], zoologist
*[[Naomi Pierce]], biologist
*[[Thomas Pynchon]], novelist
*[[Stephen J. Pyne]], environmental historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Max Roach]], percussionist and jazz composer
*[[Paul Roldan|Hipolito (Paul) Roldan]], community developer
*[[Anna Curtenius Roosevelt]], archaeologist
*[[David Alan Rosenberg]], military historian
*[[Susan Irene Rotroff]], archaeologist
*[[Bruce Schwartz]], figurative sculptor and puppeteer
*[[Robert Shaw (physicist)|Robert Shaw]], physicist
*[[Jonathan Spence]], historian
*[[Noel Swerdlow|Noel M. Swerdlow]], historian of science
*[[Gary A. Tomlinson]], musicologist
*[[Alan Walker (academic)|Alan Walker]], paleontologist
*[[Eddie Williams]], policy analyst and civil rights leader
*[[Rita P. Wright]], archaeologist
*[[Garth Youngberg]], agriculturalist<ref name = "Fellows88">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142699/k.7B86/Fellows_List__August_1988.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1988|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1989===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Anthony Amsterdam]], attorney and legal scholar
*[[Byllye Avery]], women's healthcare leader
*[[Alvin Bronstein]], human rights lawyer
*[[Leo Buss]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Jay Cantor]], writer
*George Davis, environmental policy analyst
*[[Allen Grossman]], poet
*[[John Harbison]], composer and conductor
*[[Keith Hefner (activist)|Keith Hefner]], journalist and educator
*[[Ralf Hotchkiss]], rehabilitation engineer
*[[John Rice Irwin]], curator and cultural preservationist
*[[Daniel Janzen]], ecologist
*[[Bernice Johnson Reagon]], music historian, composer, and vocalist
*[[Aaron Lansky]], cultural preservationist
*[[Jennifer Moody]], archaeologist and anthropologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Errol Morris]], filmmaker
*[[Vivian Paley]], educator and writer
*[[Richard Powers]], novelist
*[[Martin Puryear]], sculptor
*[[Theodore Rosengarten]], historian
*[[Margaret W. Rossiter]], historian of science
*[[George Russell]], composer and music theorist
*[[Pam Solo]], arms control analyst
*[[Ellendea Proffer Teasley]], translator and publisher
*[[Clair Van Vliet]], book artist
*[[Baldemar Velasquez]], farm labor leader
*[[Bill Viola]], video artist
*[[Eliot Wigginton]], educator
*[[Patricia Wright]], primatologist <ref name = "Fellows89">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142701/k.7886/Fellows_List__August_1989.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1989|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1990===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[John Christian Bailar]], biostatistician
*[[Martha Clarke]], theater director
*[[Jacques d'Amboise]], dance educator
*[[Guy Davenport]], writer and critic
*[[Lisa Delpit]], education reform leader
*[[John Eaton (composer)|John Eaton]], composer
*[[Paul R. Ehrlich]], population biologist
*[[Charlotte Erickson]], historian
*[[Lee Friedlander]], photographer
*[[Margaret Geller]], astrophysicist
*[[Jorie Graham]], poet
*[[Patricia Hampl]], writer
*[[John Hollander]], poet and literary critic
*[[Thomas Cleveland Holt]], social and cultural historian
*[[David Kazhdan]], mathematician
*[[Calvin King]], land and farm development specialist
*[[M. A. R. Koehl]], marine biologist
*[[Nancy Kopell]], mathematician
{{col-break}}
*[[Michael Moschen]], performance artist
*[[Gary Nabhan]], ethnobotanist
*[[Sherry Ortner]], anthropologist
*[[Otis Pitts]], community development leader
*[[Yvonne Rainer]], filmmaker and choreographer
*[[Michael Schudson]], sociologist
*[[Rebecca J. Scott]], historian
*[[Marc Shell]], scholar
*[[Susan Sontag]], writer and cultural critic
*[[Richard Stallman]], Free Software Foundation founder, [[Copyleft]] concept inventor
*[[Guy Tudor]], conservationist
*[[Maria Varela]], community development leader
*[[Gregory Vlastos]], classicist and philosopher
*[[Kent Whealy]], preservationist
*[[Eric Wolf]], anthropologist
*[[Sidney Wolfe]], physician
*[[Robert Woodson]], community development leader
*[[Jose Zalaquett]], human rights lawyer<ref name = "Fellows90">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142703/k.787E/Fellows_List__August_1990.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows August 1990|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1991===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jacqueline Barton]], biophysical chemist
*[[Paul Berman]], journalist
*[[James Blinn]], computer animator
*[[Taylor Branch]], social historian
*[[Trisha Brown]], choreographer
*[[Mari Jo Buhle]], American historian
*[[Patricia Churchland]], philosopher
*[[David Donoho]], statistician
*[[Steven Feld]], anthropologist
*[[Alice Fulton]], poet
*[[Guillermo Gómez-Peña]], writer and artist
*[[Jerzy Grotowski]], theater director
*[[David Hammons]], artist
*[[Sophia Harris]], child care leader
*[[Lewis Hyde]], writer
*[[Ali Akbar Khan]], musician
{{col-break}}
*[[Sergiu Klainerman]], mathematician
*[[Martin Kreitman]], geneticist
*[[Harlan Lane]], psychologist and linguist
*[[William Linder]], community development leader
*[[Patricia Locke]], tribal rights leader
*[[Mark Morris]], choreographer and dancer
*[[Marcel Ophüls]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Arnold Rampersad]], biographer and literary critic
*[[Gunther Schuller]], composer, conductor, jazz historian
*[[Joel Schwartz]], epidemiologist
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist and composer
*[[Julie Taymor]], theater director
*[[David Werner]], health care leader
*[[James Westphal]], engineer and scientist
*[[Eleanor Wilner]], poet <ref name = "Fellows91">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142705/k.28E8/Fellows_List__July_1991.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1991|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1992===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janet Benshoof]], attorney
*[[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], printmaker
*[[Unita Blackwell]], civil rights leader
*[[Lorna Bourg]], rural development leader
*[[Stanley Cavell]], philosopher
*[[Amy Clampitt]], poet
*[[Ingrid Daubechies]], mathematician
*[[Wendy Ewald]], photographer
*[[Irving Feldman]], poet
*[[Barbara Fields]], historian
*[[Robert Hall (journalist)|Robert Hall]], journalist
*[[Ann Ellis Hanson]], historian
*[[John Henry Holland]], computer scientist
*[[Wes Jackson]], agronomist
*[[Evelyn Keller]], historian and philosopher of science
*[[Steve Lacy]], saxophonist and composer
*[[Suzanne Lebsock]], social historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Sharon Long]], plant biologist
*[[Norman Manea]], writer
*[[Paule Marshall]], writer
*[[Michael Massing]], journalist
*[[Robert McCabe]], educator
*[[Susan Meiselas]], photojournalist
*[[Amalia Mesa-Bains]], artist and cultural critic
*[[Stephen Schneider]], climatologist
*[[Joanna Scott]], writer
*[[John T. Scott]], artist
*[[John Terborgh]], conservation biologist
*[[Twyla Tharp]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Philip Treisman]], mathematics educator
*[[Laurel Thatcher Ulrich]], historian
*[[Geerat J. Vermeij]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Gunter Wagner]], developmental biologist<ref name = "Fellows92">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142707/k.296C/Fellows_List__July_1992.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows July 1992|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1993===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]], philosopher
*[[Demetrios Christodoulou]], mathematician and physicist
*[[Maria Crawford]], geologist
*[[Stanley Crouch]], jazz critic and writer
*[[Nora England]], anthropological linguist
*[[Paul Farmer]], medical anthropologist
*[[Victoria Foe]], developmental biologist
*[[Ernest Gaines]], writer
*[[Pedro Greer]], physician
*[[Thom Gunn]], poet and literary critic
*[[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]], artist
*[[Sokoni Karanja]], child and family development specialist
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet and literary critic
*[[Stephen Lee (chemist)|Stephen Lee]], chemist
*[[Carol Levine]], AIDS policy specialist
*[[Amory Lovins]], physicist and energy analyst
{{col-break}}
*[[Jane Lubchenco]], marine biologist
*[[Ruth Lubic]], nurse / midwife
*[[Jim Powell (poet)|Jim Powell]], poet and translator
*[[Margie Profet]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Thomas Scanlon]], philosopher
*[[Aaron Shirley]], health care leader
*[[Bill Siemering|William Siemering]], journalist and radio producer
*[[Ellen Silbergeld]], toxicologist
*[[Leonard van der Kuijp]], philologist and historian
*[[Frank von Hippel]], arms control and energy analyst
*[[John Wideman]], writer
*[[Heather Williams (biologist)|Heather Williams]], biologist and ornithologist
*[[Marion Williams]], gospel music performer
*[[Robert H. Williams]], physicist and energy analyst
*[[Henry T. Wright]], archaeologist and anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows93">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142709/k.29F0/Fellows_List__July_1993.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1993 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1994===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Robert Adams (photographer)|Robert Adams]], photographer
*[[Jeraldyne Blunden]], choreographer
*[[Anthony Braxton]], avant-garde composer and musician
*[[Rogers Brubaker]], sociologist
*[[Ornette Coleman]], jazz performer and composer
*[[Israel Gelfand]], mathematician and biologist
*[[Faye Ginsburg]], anthropologist
*[[Heidi Hartmann]], economist
*[[Bill T. Jones]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Peter E. Kenmore]], agricultural entomologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Joseph E. Marshall]], educator
*[[Carolyn McKecuen]], economic development leader
*[[Donella Meadows]], writer
*[[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]], company director and choreographer
*[[Hugo Morales (radio)|Hugo Morales]], radio producer
*[[Janine Pease]], educator
*[[Willie Reale]], theater arts educator
*[[Adrienne Rich]], poet and writer
*[[Sam-Ang Sam]], musician and cultural preservationist
*[[Vincent Almendros]], animator
*[[Jack Wisdom]], physicist<ref name = "Fellows94">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142713/k.2894/Fellows_List__July_1994.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1994|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1995===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Allison Anders]], filmmaker
*[[Jed Z. Buchwald]], historian
*[[Octavia Butler]], science fiction novelist
*[[Sandra Cisneros]], writer and poet
*[[Sandy Close]], journalist
*[[Frederick C. Cuny]], disaster relief specialist
*[[Sharon Emerson]], biologist
*[[Richard Foreman]], theater director
*[[Alma Guillermoprieto]], journalist
*[[Virginia Hamilton]], writer
*[[Donald Hopkins]], physician
*[[Susan Kieffer|Susan W. Kieffer]], geologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Elizabeth LeCompte]], theater director
*[[Patricia Nelson Limerick]], historian
*[[Michael Marletta]], chemist
*[[Pamela Matson]], ecologist
*[[Susan McClary]], musicologist
*[[Meredith Monk]], vocalist, composer, director
*[[Rosalind P. Petchesky]], political scientist
*[[Joel Rogers]], political scientist
*[[Cindy Sherman]], photographer
*[[Bryan Stevenson]], human rights lawyer
*[[Nicholas Strausfeld]], neurobiologist
*[[Richard White (historian)|Richard White]], historian<ref name = "Fellows95">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142715/k.2918/Fellows_List__July_1995.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1995 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1996===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[James Angel]], astronomer
*[[Joaquin Avila]], voting rights advocate
*[[Allan Berube]], historian
*[[Barbara Block]], marine biologist
*[[Joan Breton Connelly]], classical archaeologist
*[[Thomas Daniel]], biologist
*[[Martin Daniel Eakes]], economic development strategist
*[[Rebecca Goldstein]], writer
*[[Robert Greenstein]], public policy analyst
*[[Richard Howard]], poet
{{col-break}}
*[[John Jesurun]], playwright
*[[Richard Lenski]], biologist
*[[Louis Massiah]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Vonnie McLoyd]], developmental psychologist
*[[Thylias Moss]], poet and writer
*[[Eiko Otake]] & [[Koma Otake]], dancers, choreographers
*[[Nathan Seiberg]], physicist
*[[Anna Deavere Smith]], playwright/journalist/actress
*[[Dorothy Stoneman]], educator
*[[William E. Strickland]], art educator<ref name = "Fellows96">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142719/k.2A1C/Fellows_List__July_1996.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1996|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1997===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Luis Alfaro]], writer and performance artist
*[[Lee Breuer]], playwright
*[[Vija Celmins]], artist
*[[Eric Charnov]], evolutionary biologist
*[[Elouise Cobell]], banker
*[[Peter Galison]], historian
*Mark Harrington, AIDS researcher 
*[[Eva Harris]], molecular biologist
*[[Michael Kremer]], economist
*[[Russel Lande]], biologist
*[[Kerry James Marshall]], artist
*[[Nancy A. Moran]], evolutionary biologist and ecologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Han Ong]], playwright
*[[Kathleen Ross]], educator
*[[Pamela Samuelson]], copyright scholar and activist
*[[Susan Stewart (poet)|Susan Stewart]], literary scholar and poet
*[[Elizabeth Streb]], dancer and choreographer
*[[Trimpin]], sound sculptor
*[[Loïc Wacquant]], sociologist
*[[Kara Walker]], artist
*[[David Foster Wallace]], writer, journalist and professor
*[[Andrew Wiles]], mathematician
*[[Brackette Williams]], anthropologist<ref name = "Fellows97">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142721/k.2840/Fellows_List__July_1997.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1997|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1998===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Janine Antoni]], artist
*[[Ida Applebroog]], artist
*[[Ellen Barry (attorney)|Ellen Barry]], Attorney and Human Rights Leader
*[[Tim Berners-Lee]], inventor of the World Wide Web protocol
*[[Linda Bierds]], poet
*[[Bernadette Brooten]], historian
*[[John Carlstrom]], astrophysicist
*[[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]], historian
*[[Nancy Folbre]], economist
*[[Avner Greif]], economist
*[[Kun-Liang Guan]], biochemist
*[[Gary Hill]], artist
*[[Edward Hirsch]], poet, essayist
*[[Ayesha Jalal]], historian
*[[Charles R. Johnson]], writer
{{col-break}}
*[[Leah Krubitzer]], neuroscientist
*[[Stewart Kwoh]], human rights activist
*[[Charles Lewis (journalist)|Charles Lewis]], journalist
*[[William McDonald]], rancher and conservationist
*[[Peter Miller]], historian
*[[Don Mitchell (geographer)|Don Mitchell]], cultural geographer
*[[Rebecca J. Nelson|Rebecca Nelson]], plant pathologist
*[[Elinor Ochs]], linguistic anthropologist
*[[Ishmael Reed]], poet, essayist, novelist
*[[Benjamin D. Santer]], atmospheric scientist
*[[Karl Sims]], computer scientist and artist
*[[Dorothy Thomas]], human rights activist
*[[Leonard Zeskind]], human rights activist
*[[Mary Zimmerman]], playwright<ref name = "Fellows98">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142723/k.28C4/Fellows_List__July_1998.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1998|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===1999===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Jillian Banfield]], geologist
*[[Carolyn R. Bertozzi|Carolyn Bertozzi]], chemist
*[[Xu Bing]], printmaker
*[[Bruce G. Blair]], policy analyst
*[[John Bonifaz]], election lawyer and voting rights leader
*[[Shawn Carlson]], science educator
*[[Mark Danner]], journalist
*[[Alison L. Des Forges]], human rights activist
*[[Elizabeth Diller]], architect
*[[Saul Friedländer]], historian
*[[Jennifer Gordon]], lawyer
*[[David Hillis]], biologist
*[[Sara Horowitz]], lawyer
*[[Jacqueline Jones]], historian
*[[Laura L. Kiessling]], biochemist
*[[Leslie Kurke]], scholar
{{col-break}}
*[[David Levering Lewis]], biographer and historian
*[[Juan Maldacena]], physicist
*[[Gay J. McDougall]], human rights lawyer
*[[Campbell McGrath]], poet
*[[Denny Moore]], anthropological linguist
*[[Elizabeth Murray (born 1940)|Elizabeth Murray]], artist
*[[Pepon Osorio]], artist
*[[Ricardo Scofidio]], architect
*[[Peter Shor]], computer scientist
*[[Eva Silverstein]], physicist
*[[Wilma Subra]], scientist
*[[Ken Vandermark]], saxophonist, composer
*[[Naomi Wallace]], playwright
*[[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], mathematician
*[[Fred Wilson (artist)|Fred Wilson]], artist
*[[Ofelia Zepeda]], linguist<ref name = "Fellows99">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142725/k.2948/Fellows_List__July_1999.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 1999|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2000===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Susan E. Alcock]], archaeologist
*[[K. Christopher Beard]], paleontologist
*[[Lucy Blake]], conservationist
*[[Anne Carson]], poet
*[[Peter Hayes (nuclear activist)|Peter J. Hayes]], energy policy activist
*[[David A. Isay]], radio producer
*[[Alfredo Jaar]], photographer
*[[Ben Katchor]], graphic novelist
*[[Hideo Mabuchi]], physicist
*[[Susan Marshall]], choreographer
*[[Samuel Mockbee]], architect
*[[Cecilia Muñoz]], civil rights policy analyst
*[[Margaret Murnane]], optical physicist
{{col-break}}
*[[Laura Otis]], literary scholar and historian of science
*[[Lucia M. Perillo]], poet
*[[Matthew Rabin]], economist
*[[Carl Safina]], marine conservationist
*[[Daniel P. Schrag]], geochemist
*[[Susan E. Sygall]], civil rights leader
*[[Gina G. Turrigiano]], neuroscientist
*[[Gary Urton]], anthropologist
*[[Patricia J. Williams]], legal scholar
*[[Deborah Willis]], historian of photography and photographer
*[[Erik Winfree]], computer and materials scientist
*[[Horng-Tzer Yau]], mathematician<ref name = "Fellows00">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142727/k.2A89/Fellows_List__July_2000.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows July 2000|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2001===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Andrea Barrett]], writer
*[[Christopher Chyba]], astrobiologist
*[[Michael Dickinson (biologist)|Michael Dickinson]], fly biologist/bioengineer
*[[Rosanne Haggerty]], housing and community development leader
*[[Lene Hau]], physicist
*[[Dave Hickey]], art critic
*[[Stephen Hough]], pianist
*[[Kay Redfield Jamison]], psychologist
*[[Sandra Lanham]], pilot and conservationist
*[[Iñigo Manglano-Ovalle]], artist
*[[Cynthia Moss]], natural historian
{{col-break}}
*[[Dirk Obbink]], classicist and papyrologist
*Norman Pace, biochemist
*[[Suzan-Lori Parks]], playwright
*[[Brooks Pate]], physical chemist
*[[Xiao Qiang]], human rights leader
*[[Geraldine Seydoux]], molecular biologist
*[[Bright Sheng]], composer
*[[David Spergel]], astrophysicist
*[[Jean Strouse]], biographer
*[[Julie Su (attorney)]], human rights lawyer
*[[David Wilson]], creator of The [[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<ref name = "Fellows01">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142731/k.6679/Fellows_List__October_2001.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows October 2001 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2002===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Danielle Allen]], classicist and political scientist
*[[Bonnie Bassler]], molecular biologist
*[[Ann M. Blair]], intellectual historian
*[[Katherine Boo]], Journalist
*[[Paul Ginsparg]], physicist
*[[David B. Goldstein]], energy conservation specialist
*[[Karen Hesse]], writer
*[[Janine Jagger]], epidemiologist
*[[Daniel Jurafsky]], computer scientist and linguist
*[[Toba Khedoori]], artist
*[[Liz Lerman]], choreographer
*[[George Lewis (trombonist)|George E. Lewis]], trombonist
*[[Liza Lou]], artist
{{col-break}}
*[[Edgar Meyer]], bassist and composer
*[[Jack Miles]], writer and Biblical scholar
*[[Erik Mueggler]], anthropologist and ethnographer
*[[Sendhil Mullainathan]], economist
*[[Stanley Nelson]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Lee Ann Newsom]], paleoethnobotanist
*[[Daniela L. Rus]], computer scientist
*[[Charles C. Steidel]], astronomer
*[[Brian Tucker]], seismologist
*[[Camilo José Vergara]], photographer
*[[Paul Wennberg]], atmospheric chemist
*[[Colson Whitehead]], writer<ref name = "Fellows02">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142733/k.98ED/Fellows_List__September_2002.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2002|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2003===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], archaeologist
*[[James Collins (Boston University)|Jim Collins]], biomedical engineer
*[[Lydia Davis]], writer
*[[Erik Demaine]], theoretical computer scientist
*[[Corinne Dufka]], human rights researcher
*[[Peter Gleick]], conservation analyst
*[[Osvaldo Golijov]], composer
*[[Deborah Jin]], physicist
*[[Angela Johnson (writer)|Angela Johnson]], writer
*[[Tom Joyce]], blacksmith
*[[Sarah H. Kagan]], gerontological nurse
*[[Ned Kahn]], artist and science exhibit designer
{{col-break}}
*[[Jim Kim|Jim Yong Kim]], public health physician
*[[Nawal M. Nour]], obstetrician and gynecologist
*[[Loren H. Rieseberg]], botanist
*[[Amy Rosenzweig]], biochemist
*[[Pedro A. Sanchez]], agronomist
*[[Lateefah Simon]], women's development leader
*[[Peter Sis]], illustrator
*[[Sarah Sze]], sculptor
*[[Eve Troutt Powell]], historian
*[[Anders Winroth]], historian
*[[Daisy Youngblood]], ceramic artist
*[[Xiaowei Zhuang]], biophysicist<ref name = "Fellows03">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142737/k.6839/Fellows_List__October_2003.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows October 2003|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2004===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Guillermo Algaze]], anthropologist and archaeologist
*[[Angela Belcher]], materials scientist and engineer
*Gretchen Berland, physician and filmmaker
*[[James Carpenter (artist)|James Carpenter]], artist
*[[Joseph DeRisi]], biologist
*[[Katherine Gottlieb]], health care leader
*[[David Green]], technology transfer innovator
*[[Aleksandar Hemon]], writer
*[[Heather Hurst]], archaeological illustrator
*[[Edward P. Jones]], writer
*[[John Kamm]], human rights activist
*[[Daphne Koller]], computer scientist
{{col-break}}
*[[Naomi Leonard]], engineer
*[[Tommie Lindsey]], school debate coach
*[[Rueben Martinez]], businessman and activist
*[[Maria Mavroudi]], historian
*[[Vamsi Mootha]], physician and computational biologist
*[[Judy Pfaff]], American sculptor
*[[Aminah Robinson]], artist
*[[Reginald Robinson]], pianist and composer
*[[Cheryl Rogowski]], farmer
*[[Amy Smith]], inventor and mechanical engineer
*[[Julie Theriot]], microbiologist
*[[C. D. Wright]], poet<ref name = "Fellows04">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142741/k.998D/Fellows_List__September_2004.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2004 |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2005===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Marin Alsop]], symphony conductor
*[[Ted Ames]], fisherman, conservationist, marine biologist
*[[Terry Belanger]], rare book preservationist
*[[Edet Belzberg]], documentary filmmaker
*[[Majora Carter]], urban revitalization strategist
*[[Lu Chen (Scientist)|Lu Chen]], neuroscientist
*[[Michael Cohen]], pharmacist
*[[Joseph Curtin]], violinmaker
*[[Aaron Dworkin]], music educator
*[[Teresita Fernandez|Teresita Fernández]], sculptor
*[[Claire Gmachl]], quantum cascade laser engineer
*[[Sue Goldie]], physician / researcher
*[[Steven Goodman]], conservation biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Pehr Harbury]], biochemist
*[[Nicole King]], molecular biologist
*[[Jon Kleinberg]], computer scientist
*[[Jonathan Lethem]], novelist
*[[Michael Manga]], geophysicist
*[[Todd Martinez]], theoretical chemist
*[[Julie Mehretu]], painter
*[[Kevin M. Murphy]], economist
*[[Olufunmilayo Olopade]], clinician/researcher
*[[Fazal Sheikh]], photographer
*[[Emily Thompson]], aural historian
*[[Michael Walsh (engineer)|Michael Walsh]], vehicle emissions specialist<ref name = "Fellows05">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.1142745/k.9B0D/Fellows_List__September_2005.htm|title = MacArthur Fellows September 2005|author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2006===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[David Carroll (naturalist)]], naturalist author/illustrator
*[[Regina Carter]], jazz violinist
*[[Kenneth C. Catania]], neurobiologist
*[[Lisa Curran]], tropical forester
*[[Kevin Eggan]], biologist
*[[Jim Fruchterman]], technologist, CEO [[Benetech]]
*[[Atul Gawande]], surgeon and author
*[[Linda Griffith]], bioengineer
*[[Victoria Hale]], CEO [[OneWorld Health]]
*[[Adrian Nicole LeBlanc]], journalist and author
*[[David Macaulay]], author/illustrator
*[[Josiah McElheny]], sculptor
*[[D. Holmes Morton]], physician
{{col-break}}
*[[John A. Rich]], physician
*[[Jennifer Richeson]], social psychologist
*[[Sarah Ruhl]], playwright
*[[George Saunders]], short story writer
*[[Anna Schuleit]], commemorative artist
*[[Shahzia Sikander]], painter
*[[Terence Tao]], mathematician
*[[Claire J. Tomlin]], aviation engineer
*[[Luis von Ahn]], computer scientist
*[[Edith Widder]], deep-sea explorer
*[[Matias Zaldarriaga]], cosmologist
*[[John Zorn]], composer and musician<ref name = "Fellows06Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2066197/k.3F6D/2006_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2006 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-06-02}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2007===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Deborah Bial]], education strategist
*[[Peter Cole]], translator/poet/publisher
*[[Lisa Cooper]], public health physician
*[[Ruth DeFries]], environmental geographer
*[[Mercedes Doretti]], forensic anthropologist
*[[Stuart Dybek]], short story writer
*[[Marc Edwards (engineer)|Marc Edwards]], water quality engineer
*[[Michael Elowitz]], molecular biologist
*[[Saul Griffith]], inventor
*[[Sven Haakanson]], [[Alutiiq]] curator/anthropologist/preservationist
*[[Corey Harris]], blues musician
*[[Cheryl Hayashi]], spider silk biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[My Hang V. Huynh]], chemist
*[[Claire Kremen]], conservation biologist
*[[Whitfield Lovell]], painter/installation artist
*[[Yoky Matsuoka]], neuroroboticist
*[[Lynn Nottage]], playwright
*[[Mark Roth (scientist)|Mark Roth]], biomedical scientist
*[[Paul Rothemund]], nanotechnologist
*[[Jay Rubenstein]], medieval historian
*[[Jonathan Shay]], clinical psychiatrist/classicist
*[[Joan Snyder]], painter
*[[Dawn Upshaw]], vocalist
*[[Shen Wei]], choreographer <ref name = "Fellows07Overview">{{cite web|url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913817/k.3EC5/2007_Overview.htm |title = MacArthur Fellows 2007 Overview |author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|accessdate = 2007-09-24}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

===2008===
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], novelist
*[[Willie Allen (basketball)|Will Allen]], urban farmer
*[[Regina Benjamin]], rural family doctor
*[[Kirsten Bomblies]], evolutionary plant geneticist
*[[Tara Donovan]], artist
*[[Andrea Ghez]], astrophysicist
*[[Stephen D. Houston]], anthropologist
*[[Mary Jackson (artist)|Mary Jackson]], weaver and sculptor
*[[Leila Josefowicz]], violinist
*[[Alexei Kitaev]], quantum physicist
*[[Walter Kitundu]], instrument maker and composer
*[[Susan Mango]], developmental biologist
{{col-break}}
*[[Diane Meier]], geriatrician
*[[David R. Montgomery]], geomorphologist
*[[John Ochsendorf]], engineer and architectural historian
*[[Peter Pronovost]], critical care physician
*[[Adam Riess]], astrophysicist
*[[Alex Ross (music critic)|Alex Ross]], music critic
*[[Wafaa El-Sadr]], infectious disease specialist
*[[Nancy Siraisi]], historian of medicine
*[[Marin Soljačić]], optical physicist
*[[Sally Temple]], neuroscientist
*[[Jennifer Tipton]], stage lighting designer
*[[Rachel Wilson (neurobiologist)|Rachel Wilson]], experimental neurobiologist
*[[Miguel Zenón]], saxophonist and composer <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.4536877/k.1412/Meet_the_2008_Fellows.htm | title = Meet the 2008 Fellows | author = The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation | accessdate = 2008-09-23}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

== References in popular culture ==
{{Trivia|date=September 2008}}
* In the television show ''[[Will and Grace]]'', during episode 6.17, Grace says to Will: "If the MacArthur Foundation gave out Evil Genius Grants, you would so win one."
* In the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Petarded]]", Peter takes an [[IQ test]] to determine whether he is eligible for a MacArthur grant, believing himself to be a [[genius]]; however, the test results show that he is [[disability|mentally retarded]]. (In real life a ''genius''-level IQ is not a requirement.)
* In the television show ''[[Friends]]'', during episode 9.20 ("The One With the Soap Opera Party"), Charlie ([[Aisha Tyler]]) says to Ross when describing her first boyfriend, "He did win the MacArthur Genius Grant though" in response to all of her boyfriends winning Nobel Prizes except one.
* In the movie ''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'', Frank says that he attempted suicide after his rival was awarded a genius grant for his studies of [[Marcel Proust]].
* In the series ''[[The L Word]]'', season 5 episode 9, Molly tells her mother, Phyllis, "Shane is not gonna win a MacArthur Genius Grant any time soon."
* In the movie ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'', the main character receives a MacArthur Genius Grant, although it appears to be in much greater value than the real life grant since it continues to be awarded to him for over ten years and allows him to build a big replica of New York in a warehouse and hire a great number of actors.
* In the television show ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'', episode 2x11, "The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis", a recipient of the MacArthur Grant, David Underhill, is introduced.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.959463/k.9D7D/Fellows_Program.htm MacArthur Fellows Program website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macarthur Fellows Program}}
[[Category:Fellowships]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows|*]]

[[fr:Prix MacArthur]]
[[he:עמיתי מקארתור]]
[[nl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[no:The MacArthur Fellows Program]]
[[pl:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[fi:MacArthur Fellowship]]
[[uk:Премія МакАртура]]

Adam Gopnik

2009-06-20T06:04:46Z

Quiddity: /* References */ add ref

{{BLP unsourced|date=November 2008}}
'''Adam Gopnik''', (born [[August 24]], [[1956]]) an [[U.S.|American]] [[writer]], [[essayist]] and [[Pundit (expert)|commentator]]. He is best known as a staff writer for ''[[The New Yorker]]''—to which he has contributed non-fiction, fiction, memoir and criticism<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Contributors: Adam Gopnik |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/adam_gopnik/search?contributorName=adam%20gopnik |publisher=''[[The New Yorker]]''|date=|accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref>—and as the author of the essay collection ''[[Paris to the Moon]]'', an account of the half-decade that Gopnik, wife Martha, and son Luke spent in the French capital.

==Background and education==
Adam Gopnik was born in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], but was raised in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. Gopnik's parents served as professors at [[McGill University]], from which Gopnik himself received his Bachelor of Arts degree.

==Career==
===Early years===
In 1986, Gopnik began his long professional association with ''[[The New Yorker]]'' with a piece that would show his future range, a consideration of connections between baseball, childhood, and Renaissance art. He has written for four editors at the magazine: [[William Shawn]], [[Robert Gottlieb]], [[Tina Brown]], and [[David Remnick]].

===Paris and "Paris Journal"===
In 1995, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' dispatched him to [[Paris]] to write the "Paris Journals", in which he described life in that city. These essays were later collected and published by [[Random House]] in ''[[Paris to the Moon]]'', after Gopnik returned to [[New York City]] in 2000. The book became a ''[[New York Times]]'' bestseller.

===Curatorial===
Gopnik studied art history and with his friend [[Kirk Varnedoe]] curated the famous 1990 ''High/Low'' show at New York's [[Museum of Modern Art]].

==Personal==
Gopnik lives in New York with his wife, Martha Parker, and two children, Luke and Olivia. His five siblings include Blake Gopnik, the ''[[Washington Post]]'' art critic, and Alison Gopnik, a leading child psychologist and Professor of Psychology at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] (author of ''The Scientist in the Crib'', UK title: ''How Babies Think''). Commenting on New York Mayor Bloomberg installing larger street signs to aid tourists, Gopnik, angry at what he called "Americanization" of New York, said "If you don't know where you are, you don't deserve to be here."

==Books==
In addition to 2000's ''Paris to the Moon,'' Random House also published the author's reflections on life in New York, and particularly on the comedy of parenting, ''Through the Children's Gate,'' in 2006. (As in the earlier memoir, much of the material had appeared previously in ''The New Yorker''.) In 2005 [[Hyperion Books]] published his children's novel ''[[The King in the Window]]'', about Oliver, an American boy living in [[Paris]], who is mistaken for a mystical king and stumbles upon an ancient battle waged between Window Wraiths and the malicious Master of Mirrors, luring him into a journey of self-discovery that could save the world. A book on Lincoln and Darwin, called ''Angels And Ages,'' was published in January 2009. He is said to be working on a new novel for children, ''The Steps Across The Water''.

==Honors and appearances==
A frequent guest on ''[[Charlie Rose]]'', Gopnik has been honored with three [[National Magazine Awards]] for [[Essay]] and [[Criticism]] and a [[George Polk Award]] for Magazine Reporting. His entry on the [[culture]] of the [[United States]] is featured in the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.

Adam Gopnik recently wrote and presented [[BBC Four]]'s ''[[Lighting Up New York]]'', a cultural journey through the recent history of [[New York]].

Adam Gopnik is the 11th annual recipient of the Westport Public Library's Booked for the evening award. Previous award winners include Tom Brokaw, E.L. Doctorow, Calvin Trillin, Wendy Wasserstein, Pete Hamill, Martin Scorsese, Arthur Mitchell, Doris Kearns Goodwin, David Halberstam, and Oscar Hijuelos. BOOKED for the eveningTM is the Westport Public Library's annual gala fund raising event. The Library awards an honoree whose work reflects the purpose of the Library--to nurture the love of learning and to enhance our understanding of the world. The funds raised enable the Library to continue to serve as a major community center for the 1600 people a day who walk through its doors.

== Bibliography ==
* ''Paris to the Moon'', a [http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/1200/gopnik/excerpt.html book of essays while in France] ISBN 0-375-75823-2
* (editor) ''Americans in Paris: A Literary Anthology'' (New York: [http://www.loa.org The Library of America], 2004) ISBN 1-931082-56-1
* ''Through the Children's Gate A Home in New York,'' [http://www.randomhouse.com/vintage/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400075751&view=r] ISBN 978-1400075751, [http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400041817] ISBN 978-1-4000-4181-7
* ''Angels and Ages: A Short Book About Darwin, Lincoln, and Modern Life,'' [http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl/9780307270788.html] ISBN 978-0-307-27078-8

== References ==
<references/>
* [http://www.caneelbay.com/hottype Speech at Caneel Bay - Adam Gopnik]
* [http://www.identitytheory.com/people/birnbaum7.html Adam Gopnik interview] at [[Identity Theory (webzine)|Identity Theory]]. 2001.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopnik, Adam}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:American children's writers]]
[[Category:American essayists]]
[[Category:American journalists]]
[[Category:American novelists]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:McGill University alumni]]
[[Category:The New Yorker people]]
[[Category:New Yorker staff writers]]
[[Category:New Yorker critics]]

Hit ’Em Up

2009-05-02T17:35:33Z

Quiddity: Reverted 2 edits by 78.148.116.192 identified as vandalism to last revision by Tabletop.

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}
{{Infobox Single 
| Name = Hit 'Em Up
| Cover =
| Artist = [[2Pac]] featuring [[Outlawz]]
| Album = [[Greatest Hits (2Pac album)|Greatest Hits]]
| B-side = [[How Do U Want It]]
| Released = [[5 November]] [[1995]]
| Format = [[12-inch single]]
| Recorded = [[1996]]
| Genre = [[Gangsta rap]] [[West Coast hip hop]]
| Label = [[Death Row Records|Death Row]]/[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]
| Writer =
| Producer = [[Johnny "J"]]
| Last single = "[[How Do You Want It]]" (1996)
| This single = "Hit 'Em Up" (1996)
| Next single = "[[All Bout U]]" (1996)
| Misc =
{{Audiosample
| Upper caption = Audio sample
| Audio file = Hit 'Em Up.ogg
}}
}}
"'''Hit 'Em Up'''" is a [[wikt:diss song|diss song]] by [[Tupac Shakur]], featuring his rap group the [[Outlawz]]. It is the [[B-Side]] to the 1996 single "[[How Do U Want It]]". The song viciously insults several [[East Coast hip hop|East Coast rappers]], chiefly Tupac Shakur's enemy and former friend, [[The Notorious B.I.G.]]. "Hit 'Em Up" was produced by long-time collaborator [[Johnny J]] and samples "Don't Look Any Further" by [[Dennis Edwards]].
prior to the single being realesed, '2pac' had been shot 5 times in a drive by, in the song he accused B.I.G. The song further insults B.I.G by suggesting 2pac had sex with his wife. many people beleve this song was paramount to 2pacs' death as some people still believe his death was revenge for the insults towards B.I.G.

==Background to song==
A brutal diatribe, in "Hit 'Em Up" Shakur's venom was aimed at two other hip hop artists, primarily [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] and [[Sean "Puffy" Combs]], whom he believed had advance knowledge that he would be robbed and shot in a [[Tupac Shakur#The November 1994 shooting|November 30, 1994 incident]] in [[New York City]]. By extension, Shakur also took aim at Combs' [[Bad Boy Records]] and B.I.G.'s associates [[Lil' Kim]] and [[Junior M.A.F.I.A.]], most notably, [[Lil' Cease]]. [[Chino XL]] also came under fire and [[Mobb Deep]] rapper Prodigy was mocked for suffering from [[sickle-cell disease]].

==Verses==
The first verse is performed by 2Pac, the second by [[Hussein Fatal]], the third by 2Pac, The fourth by Yaki Kadafi & the fifth by [[E.D.I. Mean]]

The phrase "take money", which is repeated throughout the song, is a [[satirical]] play on Junior M.A.F.I.A.'s then recent hit, "Get Money". Additionally, the "Don't Look Any Further" sample was also used in "Gettin' Money"; a remix of "Get Money". The chorus of "Hit 'Em Up" is a play on the chorus of Junior M.A.F.I.A's "Player's Anthem", which is itself an interpolation of the melody from [[Yellowman]]'s "Zunguzung".<ref>[http://wayneandwax.com/?p=137] Wayne Marshall, "Follow Me Now: The Zigzagging Zunguzung Meme"</ref>

[[Mobb Deep]] and [[Chino XL]] were also targeted. [[Jay-Z]] was originally insulted in the song's lengthy [[outro]] - right before Shakur says: "''Fuck you, die slow [[motherfucker]], my [[.44 Magnum|fo-fo]] make sure all y'all kids don't grow!''" - but [[Hussein Fatal]] of the [[Outlawz]] convinced Shakur that the Brooklyn rapper had been neutral and the insult was erased, leaving several seconds of silence in its absence in certain remade versions of the song. But later versions of the song do contain this insult.

==Reception==
'Hit 'Em Up' was accused by many critics for going 'too far' due to 2Pac's claim that he had sexual intercourse with Notorious B.I.G.'s wife, [[Faith Evans]], and his derision of Mobb Deep's [[Prodigy (rapper)|Prodigy]] for having [[sickle-cell disease|sickle-cell anemia]]. It was also criticized for intensifying the [[East Coast-West Coast rivalry|East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry]], and in hindsight, cited as the turning point towards the violence that later claimed the lives of both 2Pac and the Notorious B.I.G. 2Pac disregarded criticism that he had taken the traditional hip hop rivalry to a dangerous extreme, remarking that the song was a "classic battle record". ''[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]'' later appointed "Hit 'Em Up" "the #1 diss song ever".

The Notorious B.I.G. humorously responded to 2Pac's claims that he had slept with his wife on "Brooklyn's Finest", a duet with Jay-Z from the latter's 1996 debut ''[[Reasonable Doubt]]'', rapping, "if Faith had twins, she'd probably have two Pacs / Get it? Tu... pac's." The "[[Carlito's Way]]-referencing intro ("Okay! I'm reloaded") is followed by other lines: ''"Think you big-time? / Fuckin' with Jay-Z / You gonna die big time! / Here come the pain!"'' These lines may be in reference to the fact that 2Pac planned to insult Jay-Z on "Hit 'Em Up."

Mobb Deep responded to 2Pac and [[Death Row Records|Death Row]] with the track [["Drop a Gem On 'Em".]] Chino XL responded with a nameless diss track which was never released. The song sampled the same beat as Notorious B.I.G.'s [[Who Shot Ya?]] and mocked 2Pac for the hardships in his life, including a time in which 2Pac's mother was a crack addict and his 1995 prison stint.

==Cover versions==
*Rapper [[Eminem]] produced a diss track called "Quitter", which was a "[[diss]]" at former [[House of Pain]] rapper [[Everlast (musician)|Everlast]]. Halfway through the track, the backing music changes to that of Hit 'Em Up and [[Eminem]] then raps in a similar style to how [[Tupac Shakur]] did on the original version. This track was only pressed on [[white label]] vinyl and was never commercially released, despite being available through [[Peer-to-peer|P2P]] applications.

== Music Video ==
In the video, 2Pac raps in a white room with the Outlawz with TV screens in the background showing clips of himself, Puffy, and Biggie Smalls. These clips focused on gestures alluding to Tupac's claim to have stolen money from Bad Boy Records. Gestures included Tupac stealing money with his crew from a safe, Puffy and Biggie dancing as cash appears from their position into the hands of Tupac, and them driving (which possibly alludes to the fact that Faith Evans was Biggie's estranged wife, so Biggie knew nothing about what Shakur claimed to have happened). The video itself has repeated parody characters of Puffy, Biggie, and Lil Kim. There are also clips of 2Pac and his crew in a purple caged room and a black room with bullet holes in the background.

The white background scenes with a tv-screen in the background is showing the Made Niggaz video, also a video with an appearance by 2Pac, which were released in 1997 at the release of Shakur's last movie [[Gang Related]], co-featuring with Jim Belushi from According to Jim.

==Compilations==
One of Shakur's most popular songs, it would reappear on a number of releases:
* ''[[How Do U Want It]]'' Original Single features this song on a b-side.
* ''[[Greatest Hits (2Pac album)|Greatest Hits]]'' features the song upon track 12 on disc 1.
* ''[[Nu-Mixx Klazzics]]'' features a remix of the song, with the intro lyrics from the originally explicit version and the main lyrics from the edited radio version.
* ''[[Tupac: Live at the House of Blues|Live at the House of Blues]]'' features Hit Em Up, the concert was Tupac's last live performance, and the song was available on DVD and CD. In addition to the track's harsh levies at Bad Boy, Tupac publicly blasted Biggie on the stage before performing the song, and fans went along with Tupac's flow (as this was at the time in the [[East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry]] that fans were already taking sides with one set of artists or another. He slandered Faith Evans as well, referring to her as a "bitch" and proceeding to threaten the lives of Biggie and Puffy, and slandering several East Coast MCs, as he called them fakers.
* This song also appears on ''[[Death Row Greatest Hits]]''
* The second half of the underground [[Eminem]] song "Quitter" is a remix of this song, and in itself a diss track aimed towards [[Everlast]].
* [[Khia]] uses the beat and part of the hook in her diss "Hit 'Em Up" to female rapper [[Trina]] and [[Jacki-O]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2Pac}}

[[Category:Tupac Shakur songs]]
[[Category:1995 songs]]

[[et:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[es:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[fr:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[it:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[ja:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[pl:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[fi:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[sv:Hit 'Em Up]]
[[tr:Hit 'Em Up]]

Clement Freud

2009-04-18T16:11:50Z

Quiddity: /* Early life */ clarify Jill's name change (needs rewrite for flow)

{{Recent death|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox MP
| name = Sir Clement Freud
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Clement-freud-368-220.JPG
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| majority =
| term_start = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 by-election]]
| term_end = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| predecessor = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]
| successor = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency_MP2 = [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
| parliament2 = United Kingdom
| majority2 =
| term_start2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| term_end2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]
| predecessor2 = ''Constituency created''
| successor2 = [[Malcolm Moss]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|04|15|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Clemens Raphael Freud
| nationality = British
| party = [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = June Flewett (1950-2009) (his death)
| partner =
| relations = [[Lucian Freud]] (brother) [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]] (father) [[Sigmund Freud]] (grandfather) (see [[Freud family]])
| children = 5 children
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Writer, politician, broadcaster, chef
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Known for
| data1 = ''[[Just a Minute]]''
}}
'''Sir Clement Raphael Freud''' (24 April 1924 – 15 April 2009)<ref name="telegraph2">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html|title=Sir Clement Freud dies at 84|last=Swaine|first=Jon|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref><ref name="guardianobit"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Freud Ego |last=Freud |first=Clement |year=2001 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= |isbn= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 1 }}</ref> was an [[Great Britain|English]] [[broadcaster]], [[writer]], [[politician]] and [[chef]].

==Early life==
Freud was born in [[Berlin]],<ref name="guardianobit">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/apr/16/clement-freud-obituary|title=Obituary: Sir Clement Freud|last=Steel|first=David|date=16 April 2009|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref><ref name="APObit">{{cite news|url=http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328|title=Sir Clement Freud|date=16 April 2009|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref> the son of [[Jewish]] parents [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]], an architect, and Lucie ''née'' Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] and the brother of artist [[Lucian Freud]]. His family fled to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[Nazi Germany]], and his given name was anglicized from the original Clemens.<ref name="Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5163084/Sir-Clement-Freud.html. "Sir Clement Freud",] ''Daily Telegraph'', 16 April 2009.</ref> He spent his later childhood in [[Hampstead]]. He attended [[Dartington Hall]], a boarding school, and [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], an [[independent school]] in London.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

During the [[Second World War]] Freud joined the [[Royal Ulster Rifles]] and served in the ranks. He acted as an aide to [[Bernard Montgomery|Field Marshal Montgomery]]. He worked at the [[Nuremburg Trials]] and in 1947 was commissioned as an officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37983/supplements/2669 |title=London Gazette |publisher=London Gazette |date=1947-06-10 |accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref> He married [[Jill Freud|June Flewett]] (the inspiration for [[Lucy Pevensie]] in [[C. S. Lewis]]'s children's series the ''[[Chronicles of Narnia]]'')<ref name="narnia11">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/11/narnia11.xml The Daily Telegraph], 11 December 2005.</ref> in 1950, and the couple had five children. June Flewett had taken the [[stage name]] Jill Raymond in 1944, and since Clement's knighthood has been Lady Jill Freud.<ref name="narnia11" />

== Early career ==
Freud was one of Britain's first "[[celebrity chef]]s", having worked at the [[Dorchester Hotel]], and went on to run his own restaurant in [[Sloane Square]] at a relatively young age. As well as this, he had various newspaper and magazine columns, and was later a familiar face on television for his appearance in a series of dog food commercials (at first for Minced Morsels, later Chunky Meat) in which he co-starred with a [[bloodhound]] called Henry (played by a number of dogs) which shared his trademark "hangdog" expression. In 1968 he wrote a children's book, ''[[Grimble]]''. Six years later he wrote a sequel: ''Grimble at Christmas''.

Whilst running a nightclub he met a newspaper editor who gave him a job as a sports journalist. From there he became an award-winning food and drink writer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html|title=Telegraph Obituary: Sir Clement Freud dies at 84|date=April 16, 2009|accessdate=April 18, 2009}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Prior to politics, Freud longed for (given [[Freud (disambiguation)#The Sigmund Freud family|his background and ancestry]]) a distinct occupation by which he could be acclaimed, rather than just being "the man off the telly"; his chance came in the [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 Isle of Ely Parliamentary by-election]], which he won. He was [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament]] for that constituency (later [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]) from 1973 to 1987. On his election, he was hailed as the first [[Jewish]] Liberal MP for decades (though he had become [[Anglican]] at the time of his marriage<ref name="identity">{{cite book|title=Psychoanalysis, Identity, and Ideology: Critical Essays on the Israel/Palestine case | author=John Bunzl, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |publisher=Springer |year=2002 | ISBN=1402071558 | page=34}}</ref>). His departure from Parliament was marked by the award of a [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]].

His autobiography, ''Freud Ego'', recalls his election win, and shortly after, when asked by his wife June, "Why aren't you looking happier?", he wrote "It suddenly occurred to me that after nine years of fame I now had something solid about which to be famous... and cheered up no end."

During his time as a Member of Parliament, he visited [[China]] with a delegation of other MPs, including [[Winston Churchill (1940-)|Winston S. Churchill]], a grandson of the wartime [[Winston Churchill|leader of the same name]]. When Churchill was given the best room in the hotel, on account of his lineage, Freud (in a reference to his own famous forebear) declared it was the first time in his life that he had been "out-grandfathered".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article6108143.ece|title=Freudian clips: The best of Clement Freud|last=Leitch|first=Luke|publisher=[[The Times]]|date=2009-04-17|accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref>

== Radio, music, academia ==

For many, he was best known as a panelist on the popular [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] panel game ''[[Just a Minute]]'' where his deadpan delivery was popular with audiences. In one edition during his turn to speak he said: "There’s not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, 'Apples are going up,' to which I replied, 'This would come as a severe blow to [[Sir Isaac Newton]].'" He was a contestant on the first episode of ''Just a Minute'' in 1967 and had taken part in every series until his death.

Freud performed a small monologue for the [[Wings (band)|Wings]] 1973 album ''[[Band on the Run (album)|Band on the Run]]'', and appeared on the album's cover.

In 1974, he was elected [[Rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two three-year terms.

A generation later, in 2002, he was elected [[Rector]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], beating feminist and academic [[Germaine Greer]] and local challenger Barry Joss, holding the position for one term.

== Family and hobbies ==
His son [[Matthew Freud]] was formerly married to [[Caroline Hutton]], who was the second wife of [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Earl Spencer]]; he was then married to media magnate [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]]. Sir Clement Freud's daughter [[Emma Freud]], a broadcaster, is the partner of [[Richard Curtis]], scriptwriter of ''[[Blackadder]]'' and ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''. His nieces (by his painter brother [[Lucian Freud|Lucian]]) are fashion designer [[Bella Freud]] and writer [[Esther Freud]]. His brother, Stephen Freud, has closely guarded his privacy, with the exception of an interview he gave to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2403606/I-am-the-forgotten-Freud-says-brother-of-Sir-Clement-Freud-and-Lucian-Freud.html|title=I am the forgotten Freud, says brother of Sir Clement Freud and Lucian Freud|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date= July 18, 2008|accessdate=2009-04-15|first=Adam|last=Lusher}}</ref> The Freud family live in [[Walberswick]] in [[Suffolk]].

Freud was a horse racing enthusiast, and was a columnist for the ''[[Racing Post]]'' newspaper. In his column in the paper, issue of 23 August 2006, he wrote about his election to Parliament in a by-election: "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in [[East Anglia]], where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. [[Ladbrokes]] quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments."

Freud's enthusiasm for horse racing went as far as challenging [[Sir Hugh Fraser, 2nd Baronet|Sir Hugh Fraser]], then chairman of [[Harrods]], to a horse race at [[Haydock Park Racecourse|Haydock]] in 1972. Freud trained for three months and lost some five stones for the event. Although Fraser, a country gentlemen, was seen as a much better prospect, the two made a bet for ₤1,000-a-side. Freud used the long odds to his advantage, however, and shrewdly placed a large side bet on himself. Freud won the race and made a great deal of money. His horse, Winter Fair, went on to win the Waterloo Hurdle at [[Aintree]] that same year. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.racingpost.com/news/horse-racing/racing-post-columnist-sir-clement-freud-dies-at-84/178784/latest/ |title=Racing Post columnist Sir Clement Freud dies at 84 |publisher=[[Racing Post]] |date=2009-04-16 |first=Graham |last=Green}}</ref>

Freud also wrote articles reviewing facilities for spectators at racecourses in Britain, especially catering. This led him to receive the nickname "Sir Clement Food".<ref>[http://www.ajr.org.uk/journal/issue.Mar01/article.622 Association of Jewish Refugees], 2001.</ref>

Freud died at his home on 15 April 2009, aged 84. He was survived by his wife of 59 years, Jill Freud, his five children and his 17 grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8001383.stm|title=Writer Clement Freud dies aged 84|date=2009-04-16|accessdate=2009-04-16}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* 1968 - ''[[Grimble]]'' - illustrated by [[Quentin Blake]]
* 1973 - ''Grimble at Christmas'' - illustrated by Quentin Blake
* 1978 - ''Freud on Food''
* 1980 - ''Clicking Vicky''
* 1981 - ''The Book of Hangovers''
* 1983 - ''Below the Belt''
* 1988 - ''No one Else Has Complained''
* 1989 - ''The Gourmet's Tour of Great Britain and Ireland''
* 2001 - ''Freud Ego''

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*Crewe, Daniel. "One of Nature’s Liberals: the career of Sir Clement Freud, artist, journalist, chef, bon-viveur – and Liberal MP, 1973-87" in ''Journal of Liberal History'', Issue 43, Summer 2004.

==External links==
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6104345.ece Video: Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - Times Online]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/arts/17freud.html?hpw NYTimes obit.]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/apr/16/sir-clement-freud-dies Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - guardian.co.uk]
*[http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328 AP Obituary] in the [[Times of London]]
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/rams/jam_clement.ram |title=Clement Freud talking about ''Just a Minute'' (RealPlayer video)|publisher=BBC}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/ |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title= "Just a Minute" archive of shows}}
*{{imdb name|0294429}}
{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
|years = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]}}
{{s-non|reason = Constituency abolished}}

{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
|years = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Malcolm Moss]]}}

{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|title=[[Rector of the University of Dundee]]|years=1974–1980|before=[[Peter Ustinov]]|after=[[George Mackie, Baron Mackie of Benshie|Baron Mackie of Benshie]]}}
{{succession box | title = [[Rector of the University of St Andrews]] | years = 2002–2005 | before = [[Andrew Neil]] | after = [[Simon Pepper]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freud, Clement}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:British Army General List officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Anglicanism]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:Freud family]]
[[Category:German immigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish refugees]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Liberal MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Old Paulines]]
[[Category:People from Berlin]]
[[Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Dundee]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Royal Ulster Rifles soldiers]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970-1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974-1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979-1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983-1987]]

[[cy:Clement Freud]]
[[nl:Clement Freud]]
[[pt:Clement Freud]]
[[ru:Фрейд, Клемент]]
[[fi:Clement Freud]]

Clement Freud

2009-04-16T19:27:16Z

Quiddity: /* Bibliography */ add Bibliography

{{Recent death|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox MP
| name = Sir Clement Freud
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Clement-freud-368-220.JPG
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| majority =
| term_start = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 by-election]]
| term_end = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| predecessor = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]
| successor = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency_MP2 = [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
| parliament2 = United Kingdom
| majority2 =
| term_start2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| term_end2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]
| predecessor2 = ''Constituency created''
| successor2 = [[Malcolm Moss]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|04|15|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Clemens Raphael Freud
| nationality = British
| party = [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = June Flewett (1950-2009) (his death)
| partner =
| relations = [[Lucian Freud]] (brother) [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]] (father) [[Sigmund Freud]] (grandfather) (see [[Freud family]])
| children = 5 children
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Writer, politician, broadcaster, chef
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Known for
| data1 = ''[[Just a Minute]]''
}}

'''Sir Clement Raphael Freud''' (24 April 1924 – 15 April 2009<ref name="ego">{{cite book |title=Freud Ego |last=Freud |first=Clement |year=2001 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= |isbn= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 1 }}</ref>) was an [[Great Britain|English]] [[broadcaster]], [[writer]], [[politician]] and former [[chef]].

==Early life==
Freud was born in [[Berlin]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3847887.stm BBC News - Obituary: Clement Freud], 16 April, 2009</ref> the son of [[Jewish]] parents [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]], an architect, and Lucie ''née'' Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] and the brother of artist [[Lucian Freud]]. His family fled to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[Nazi Germany]], and his given name was anglicized from the original Clemens.<ref name="Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5163084/Sir-Clement-Freud.html. "Sir Clement Freud",] ''Daily Telegraph'', 16 April 2009</ref> He spent his childhood in [[Hampstead]]. He attended [[Dartington Hall]] and [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], an [[independent school]] in London.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

During the [[Second World War]] Freud joined the [[Royal Ulster Rifles]] and served in the ranks throughout the war. He acted as an aide to [[Bernard Montgomery|Field Marshal Montgomery]]. He worked at the [[Nuremburg Trials]] and in 1947 was commissioned as an officer.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37983/supplements/2669 London Gazette]</ref> He married [[Jill Freud|June Flewett]] (the inspiration for [[Lucy Pevensie]] in [[C. S. Lewis]]'s children's series the ''[[Chronicles of Narnia]]'')<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/11/narnia11.xml The Daily Telegraph], 11 December 2005
</ref> in 1950, and the couple had five children.

== Early career ==
Freud was one of Britain's first "[[celebrity chef]]s", having worked at the [[Dorchester Hotel]], and went on to run his own restaurant in [[Sloane Square]] at a relatively young age. As well as this, he had various newspaper and magazine columns, and was later a familiar face on television for his appearance in a series of dog food commercials (for Minced Morsels) in which he co-starred with a [[bloodhound]] called Henry (played by a number of dogs) which shared his trademark "hangdog" expression. In 1968 he wrote a children's book, ''[[Grimble]]''. Six years later he wrote a sequel: ''Grimble at Christmas''.

Whilst running a nightclub he met a newspaper editor who gave him a job as a sports journalist. From there he became an award-winning food and drink writer.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html Telegraph Obituary: Sir Clement Freud dies at 86] April 16 2009</ref>

== Political career ==
Prior to politics, Freud longed for (given [[Freud (disambiguation)#The Sigmund Freud family|his background and ancestry]]) a distinct occupation by which he could be acclaimed, rather than just being "the man off the telly"; his chance came in the [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 Isle of Ely Parliamentary by-election]], which he won. He was [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament]] for that constituency (later [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]) from 1973 to 1987. On his election, he was hailed as the first Jewish Liberal MP for decades (though he had become Anglican at the time of his marriage<ref name="identity">{{cite book|title=Psychoanalysis, Identity, and Ideology: Critical Essays on the Israel/Palestine case | author=John Bunzl, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |publisher=Springer |year=2002 | ISBN=1402071558 | page=34}}</ref>). His departure from Parliament was marked by the award of a [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]].

His autobiography, ''Freud Ego'', recalls his election win, and shortly after, when asked by his wife June, "Why aren't you looking happier?", he wrote "It suddenly occurred to me that after nine years of fame I now had something solid about which to be famous... and cheered up no end."

During his time as a Member of Parliament, he visited [[China]] with a delegation of other MPs, including [[Winston Churchill (1940-)|Winston S. Churchill]], a grandson of the wartime [[Winston Churchill|leader of the same name]]. When Churchill was given the best room in the hotel, on account of his lineage, Freud (in a reference to his own famous forebear) declared it was the first time in his life that he had been "out-grandfathered".

== Radio, music, academia ==

For many, he was best known as a panelist on the popular [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] panel game ''[[Just a Minute]]'' where his deadpan delivery was popular with audiences. In one edition during his turn to speak he said: "There’s not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, 'Apples are going up,' to which I replied, 'This would come as a severe blow to [[Sir Isaac Newton]].'" He was a contestant on the first episode of ''Just a Minute'' in 1967 and had taken part in every series until his death.

Freud performed a small monologue for the [[Wings (band)|Wings]] 1973 album ''[[Band on the Run (album)|Band on the Run]]'', and appeared on the album's cover.

In 1974, he was elected [[Rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two three-year terms.

A generation later, in 2002, he was elected [[Rector]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], beating feminist and academic [[Germaine Greer]] and local challenger [[Barry Joss]], holding the position for one term.

== Family and hobbies ==

His son [[Matthew Freud]] was formerly married to [[Caroline Hutton]], who was the second wife of [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Earl Spencer]]; he was then married to media magnate [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]]. Sir Clement Freud's daughter [[Emma Freud]], a broadcaster, is the partner of [[Richard Curtis]], scriptwriter of ''[[Blackadder]]'' and ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''. His nieces (by his painter brother [[Lucian Freud|Lucian]]) are fashion designer [[Bella Freud]] and writer [[Esther Freud]]. His brother, Stephen Freud, has closely guarded his privacy, with the exception of an interview he gave to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2403606/I-am-the-forgotten-Freud-says-brother-of-Sir-Clement-Freud-and-Lucian-Freud.html|title=I am the forgotten Freud, says brother of Sir Clement Freud and Lucian Freud|publisher=''The Daily Telegraph''|date= July 18, 2008|accessdate=2009-04-15|first=Adam|last=Lusher}}</ref> The Freud family live in [[Walberswick]] in [[Suffolk]].

Freud was a horse racing enthusiast, and was a columnist for the ''[[Racing Post]]'' newspaper. In his column in the paper, issue of [[23 August]] [[2006]], he wrote about his election to Parliament in a by-election: "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in [[East Anglia]], where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. [[Ladbrokes]] quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments."

Freud also wrote articles reviewing facilities for spectators at racecourses in Britain, especially catering. This led him to receive the nickname "Sir Clement Food". He was an [[Anglican]].<ref>[http://www.ajr.org.uk/journal/issue.Mar01/article.622 Association of Jewish Refugees], 2001</ref>

Freud died at his home on 15 April 2009, aged 84. He was survived by his wife of 59 years, Jill Freud, his five children and his 17 grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8001383.stm|title=Writer Clement Freud dies aged 84|date=2009-04-14|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* 1968 - ''[[Grimble]]'' - illustrated by [[Quentin Blake]]
* 1973 - ''Grimble at Christmas'' - illustrated by Quentin Blake
* 1978 - ''Freud on Food''
* 1980 - ''Clicking Vicky''
* 1981 - ''The Book of Hangovers''
* 1983 - ''Below the Belt''
* 1988 - ''No one Else Has Complained''
* 1989 - ''The Gourmet's Tour of Great Britain and Ireland''
* 2001 - ''Freud Ego''

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6104345.ece Video: Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - Times Online]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/apr/16/sir-clement-freud-dies Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - guardian.co.uk]
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* Crewe, Daniel. "One of Nature’s Liberals: the career of Sir Clement Freud, artist, journalist, chef, bon-viveur – and Liberal MP, 1973-87" in ''Journal of Liberal History'', Issue 43, Summer 2004

==External links==
*[http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328 AP Obituary] in the [[Times of London]]
*{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/rams/jam_clement.ram |title=Clement Freud talking about ''Just a Minute'' (RealPlayer video)|publisher=BBC}}
*{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/ |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title= "Just a Minute" archive of shows}}
*{{imdb name|0294429}}

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
|years = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]}}
{{s-non|reason = Constituency abolished}}

{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
|years = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Malcolm Moss]]}}

{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|title=[[Rector of the University of Dundee]]|years=1974–1980|before=[[Peter Ustinov]]|after=[[George Mackie, Baron Mackie of Benshie|Baron Mackie of Benshie]]}}
{{succession box | title = [[Rector of the University of St Andrews]] | years = 2002–2005 | before = [[Andrew Neil]] | after = [[Simon Pepper]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freud, Clement}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:Freud family]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Old Paulines]]
[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Anglicanism]]
[[Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Dundee]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Jewish refugees]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:Liberal MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970-1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974-1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979-1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983-1987]]
[[Category:People from Berlin]]
[[Category:German immigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Ulster Rifles soldiers]]
[[Category:British Army General List officers]]

[[cy:Clement Freud]]
[[pt:Clement Freud]]
[[fi:Clement Freud]]

Clement Freud

2009-04-16T19:14:51Z

Quiddity: /* References */ add 2 obits

{{Recent death|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox MP
| name = Sir Clement Freud
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Clement-freud-368-220.JPG
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| majority =
| term_start = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 by-election]]
| term_end = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| predecessor = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]
| successor = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency_MP2 = [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
| parliament2 = United Kingdom
| majority2 =
| term_start2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| term_end2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]
| predecessor2 = ''Constituency created''
| successor2 = [[Malcolm Moss]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|04|15|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Clemens Raphael Freud
| nationality = British
| party = [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = June Flewett (1950-2009) (his death)
| partner =
| relations = [[Lucian Freud]] (brother) [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]] (father) [[Sigmund Freud]] (grandfather) (see [[Freud family]])
| children = 5 children
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Writer, politician, broadcaster, chef
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Known for
| data1 = ''[[Just a Minute]]''
}}

'''Sir Clement Raphael Freud''' (24 April 1924 – 15 April 2009<ref name="ego">{{cite book |title=Freud Ego |last=Freud |first=Clement |year=2001 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= |isbn= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 1 }}</ref>) was an [[Great Britain|English]] [[broadcaster]], [[writer]], [[politician]] and former [[chef]].

==Early life==
Freud was born in [[Berlin]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3847887.stm BBC News - Obituary: Clement Freud], 16 April, 2009</ref> the son of [[Jewish]] parents [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]], an architect, and Lucie ''née'' Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] and the brother of artist [[Lucian Freud]]. His family fled to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[Nazi Germany]], and his given name was anglicized from the original Clemens.<ref name="Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5163084/Sir-Clement-Freud.html. "Sir Clement Freud",] ''Daily Telegraph'', 16 April 2009</ref> He spent his childhood in [[Hampstead]]. He attended [[Dartington Hall]] and [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], an [[independent school]] in London.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

During the [[Second World War]] Freud joined the [[Royal Ulster Rifles]] and served in the ranks throughout the war. He acted as an aide to [[Bernard Montgomery|Field Marshal Montgomery]]. He worked at the [[Nuremburg Trials]] and in 1947 was commissioned as an officer.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37983/supplements/2669 London Gazette]</ref> He married [[Jill Freud|June Flewett]] (the inspiration for [[Lucy Pevensie]] in [[C. S. Lewis]]'s children's series the ''[[Chronicles of Narnia]]'')<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/11/narnia11.xml The Daily Telegraph], 11 December 2005
</ref> in 1950, and the couple had five children.

== Early career ==
Freud was one of Britain's first "[[celebrity chef]]s", having worked at the [[Dorchester Hotel]], and went on to run his own restaurant in [[Sloane Square]] at a relatively young age. As well as this, he had various newspaper and magazine columns, and was later a familiar face on television for his appearance in a series of dog food commercials (for Minced Morsels) in which he co-starred with a [[bloodhound]] called Henry (played by a number of dogs) which shared his trademark "hangdog" expression. In 1968 he wrote a children's book, ''[[Grimble]]''. Six years later he wrote a sequel: ''Grimble at Christmas''.

Whilst running a nightclub he met a newspaper editor who gave him a job as a sports journalist. From there he became an award-winning food and drink writer.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html Telegraph Obituary: Sir Clement Freud dies at 86] April 16 2009</ref>

== Political career ==
Prior to politics, Freud longed for (given [[Freud (disambiguation)#The Sigmund Freud family|his background and ancestry]]) a distinct occupation by which he could be acclaimed, rather than just being "the man off the telly"; his chance came in the [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 Isle of Ely Parliamentary by-election]], which he won. He was [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament]] for that constituency (later [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]) from 1973 to 1987. On his election, he was hailed as the first Jewish Liberal MP for decades (though he had become Anglican at the time of his marriage<ref name="identity">{{cite book|title=Psychoanalysis, Identity, and Ideology: Critical Essays on the Israel/Palestine case | author=John Bunzl, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |publisher=Springer |year=2002 | ISBN=1402071558 | page=34}}</ref>). His departure from Parliament was marked by the award of a [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]].

His autobiography, ''Freud Ego'', recalls his election win, and shortly after, when asked by his wife June, "Why aren't you looking happier?", he wrote "It suddenly occurred to me that after nine years of fame I now had something solid about which to be famous... and cheered up no end."

During his time as a Member of Parliament, he visited [[China]] with a delegation of other MPs, including [[Winston Churchill (1940-)|Winston S. Churchill]], a grandson of the wartime [[Winston Churchill|leader of the same name]]. When Churchill was given the best room in the hotel, on account of his lineage, Freud (in a reference to his own famous forebear) declared it was the first time in his life that he had been "out-grandfathered".

== Radio, music, academia ==

For many, he was best known as a panelist on the popular [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] panel game ''[[Just a Minute]]'' where his deadpan delivery was popular with audiences. In one edition during his turn to speak he said: "There’s not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, 'Apples are going up,' to which I replied, 'This would come as a severe blow to [[Sir Isaac Newton]].'" He was a contestant on the first episode of ''Just a Minute'' in 1967 and had taken part in every series until his death.

Freud performed a small monologue for the [[Wings (band)|Wings]] 1973 album ''[[Band on the Run (album)|Band on the Run]]'', and appeared on the album's cover.

In 1974, he was elected [[Rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two three-year terms.

A generation later, in 2002, he was elected [[Rector]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], beating feminist and academic [[Germaine Greer]] and local challenger [[Barry Joss]], holding the position for one term.

== Family and hobbies ==

His son [[Matthew Freud]] was formerly married to [[Caroline Hutton]], who was the second wife of [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Earl Spencer]]; he was then married to media magnate [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]]. Sir Clement Freud's daughter [[Emma Freud]], a broadcaster, is the partner of [[Richard Curtis]], scriptwriter of ''[[Blackadder]]'' and ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''. His nieces (by his painter brother [[Lucian Freud|Lucian]]) are fashion designer [[Bella Freud]] and writer [[Esther Freud]]. His brother, Stephen Freud, has closely guarded his privacy, with the exception of an interview he gave to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2403606/I-am-the-forgotten-Freud-says-brother-of-Sir-Clement-Freud-and-Lucian-Freud.html|title=I am the forgotten Freud, says brother of Sir Clement Freud and Lucian Freud|publisher=''The Daily Telegraph''|date= July 18, 2008|accessdate=2009-04-15|first=Adam|last=Lusher}}</ref> The Freud family live in [[Walberswick]] in [[Suffolk]].

Freud was a horse racing enthusiast, and was a columnist for the ''[[Racing Post]]'' newspaper. In his column in the paper, issue of [[23 August]] [[2006]], he wrote about his election to Parliament in a by-election: "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in [[East Anglia]], where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. [[Ladbrokes]] quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments."

Freud also wrote articles reviewing facilities for spectators at racecourses in Britain, especially catering. This led him to receive the nickname "Sir Clement Food". He was an [[Anglican]].<ref>[http://www.ajr.org.uk/journal/issue.Mar01/article.622 Association of Jewish Refugees], 2001</ref>

Freud died at his home on 15 April 2009, aged 84. He was survived by his wife of 59 years, Jill Freud, his five children and his 17 grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8001383.stm|title=Writer Clement Freud dies aged 84|date=2009-04-14|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6104345.ece Video: Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - Times Online]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/apr/16/sir-clement-freud-dies Sir Clement Freud dies aged 84 - guardian.co.uk]
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* Crewe, Daniel. "One of Nature’s Liberals: the career of Sir Clement Freud, artist, journalist, chef, bon-viveur – and Liberal MP, 1973-87" in ''Journal of Liberal History'', Issue 43, Summer 2004

==External links==
*[http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328 AP Obituary] in the [[Times of London]]
*{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/rams/jam_clement.ram |title=Clement Freud talking about ''Just a Minute'' (RealPlayer video)|publisher=BBC}}
*{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/ |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title= "Just a Minute" archive of shows}}
*{{imdb name|0294429}}

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
|years = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]}}
{{s-non|reason = Constituency abolished}}

{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
|years = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Malcolm Moss]]}}

{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|title=[[Rector of the University of Dundee]]|years=1974–1980|before=[[Peter Ustinov]]|after=[[George Mackie, Baron Mackie of Benshie|Baron Mackie of Benshie]]}}
{{succession box | title = [[Rector of the University of St Andrews]] | years = 2002–2005 | before = [[Andrew Neil]] | after = [[Simon Pepper]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freud, Clement}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:Freud family]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Old Paulines]]
[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Anglicanism]]
[[Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Dundee]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Jewish refugees]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:Liberal MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970-1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974-1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979-1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983-1987]]
[[Category:People from Berlin]]
[[Category:German immigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Ulster Rifles soldiers]]
[[Category:British Army General List officers]]

[[cy:Clement Freud]]
[[pt:Clement Freud]]
[[fi:Clement Freud]]

Clement Freud

2009-04-16T19:05:21Z

Quiddity: /* External links */ imdb

{{Recent death|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox MP
| name = Sir Clement Freud
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Clement-freud-368-220.JPG
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| majority =
| term_start = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 by-election]]
| term_end = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| predecessor = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]
| successor = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency_MP2 = [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
| parliament2 = United Kingdom
| majority2 =
| term_start2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| term_end2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]
| predecessor2 = ''Constituency created''
| successor2 = [[Malcolm Moss]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|04|15|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Clemens Raphael Freud
| nationality = British
| party = [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = June Flewett (1950-2009) (his death)
| partner =
| relations = [[Lucian Freud]] (brother) [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]] (father) [[Sigmund Freud]] (grandfather) (see [[Freud family]])
| children = 5 children
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Writer, politician, broadcaster, chef
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Known for
| data1 = ''[[Just a Minute]]''
}}

'''Sir Clement Raphael Freud''' (24 April 1924 – 15 April 2009<ref name="ego">{{cite book |title=Freud Ego |last=Freud |first=Clement |year=2001 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= |isbn= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 1 }}</ref>) was an [[Great Britain|English]] [[broadcaster]], [[writer]], [[politician]] and former [[chef]].

==Early life==
Freud was born in [[Berlin]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3847887.stm BBC News - Obituary: Clement Freud], 16 April, 2009</ref> the son of [[Jewish]] parents [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]], an architect, and Lucie ''née'' Brasch. He was the grandson of psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] and the brother of artist [[Lucian Freud]]. His family fled to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[Nazi Germany]], and his given name was anglicized from the original Clemens.<ref name="Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/tv-radio-obituaries/5163084/Sir-Clement-Freud.html. "Sir Clement Freud",] ''Daily Telegraph'', 16 April 2009</ref> He spent his childhood in [[Hampstead]]. He attended [[Dartington Hall]] and [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], an [[independent school]] in London.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

During the [[Second World War]] Freud joined the [[Royal Ulster Rifles]] and served in the ranks throughout the war. He acted as an aide to [[Bernard Montgomery|Field Marshal Montgomery]]. He worked at the [[Nuremburg Trials]] and in 1947 was commissioned as an officer.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37983/supplements/2669 London Gazette]</ref> He married [[Jill Freud|June Flewett]] (the inspiration for [[Lucy Pevensie]] in [[C. S. Lewis]]'s children's series the ''[[Chronicles of Narnia]]'')<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/11/narnia11.xml The Daily Telegraph], 11 December 2005
</ref> in 1950, and the couple had five children.

== Early career ==
Freud was one of Britain's first "[[celebrity chef]]s", having worked at the [[Dorchester Hotel]], and went on to run his own restaurant in [[Sloane Square]] at a relatively young age. As well as this, he had various newspaper and magazine columns, and was later a familiar face on television for his appearance in a series of dog food commercials (for Minced Morsels) in which he co-starred with a [[bloodhound]] called Henry (played by a number of dogs) which shared his trademark "hangdog" expression. In 1968 he wrote a children's book, ''[[Grimble]]''. Six years later he wrote a sequel: ''Grimble at Christmas''.

Whilst running a nightclub he met a newspaper editor who gave him a job as a sports journalist. From there he became an award-winning food and drink writer.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5162533/Sir-Clement-Freud-dies-at-84.html Telegraph Obituary: Sir Clement Freud dies at 86] April 16 2009</ref>

== Political career ==
Prior to politics, Freud longed for (given [[Freud (disambiguation)#The Sigmund Freud family|his background and ancestry]]) a distinct occupation by which he could be acclaimed, rather than just being "the man off the telly"; his chance came in the [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 Isle of Ely Parliamentary by-election]], which he won. He was [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament]] for that constituency (later [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]) from 1973 to 1987. On his election, he was hailed as the first Jewish Liberal MP for decades (though he had become Anglican at the time of his marriage<ref name="identity">{{cite book|title=Psychoanalysis, Identity, and Ideology: Critical Essays on the Israel/Palestine case | author=John Bunzl, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |publisher=Springer |year=2002 | ISBN=1402071558 | page=34}}</ref>). His departure from Parliament was marked by the award of a [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]].

His autobiography, ''Freud Ego'', recalls his election win, and shortly after, when asked by his wife June, "Why aren't you looking happier?", he wrote "It suddenly occurred to me that after nine years of fame I now had something solid about which to be famous... and cheered up no end."

During his time as a Member of Parliament, he visited [[China]] with a delegation of other MPs, including [[Winston Churchill (1940-)|Winston S. Churchill]], a grandson of the wartime [[Winston Churchill|leader of the same name]]. When Churchill was given the best room in the hotel, on account of his lineage, Freud (in a reference to his own famous forebear) declared it was the first time in his life that he had been "out-grandfathered".

== Radio, music, academia ==

For many, he was best known as a panelist on the popular [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] panel game ''[[Just a Minute]]'' where his deadpan delivery was popular with audiences. In one edition during his turn to speak he said: "There’s not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, 'Apples are going up,' to which I replied, 'This would come as a severe blow to [[Sir Isaac Newton]].'" He was a contestant on the first episode of ''Just a Minute'' in 1967 and had taken part in every series until his death.

Freud performed a small monologue for the [[Wings (band)|Wings]] 1973 album ''[[Band on the Run (album)|Band on the Run]]'', and appeared on the album's cover.

In 1974, he was elected [[Rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two three-year terms.

A generation later, in 2002, he was elected [[Rector]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], beating feminist and academic [[Germaine Greer]] and local challenger [[Barry Joss]], holding the position for one term.

== Family and hobbies ==

His son [[Matthew Freud]] was formerly married to [[Caroline Hutton]], who was the second wife of [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Earl Spencer]]; he was then married to media magnate [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch (businesswoman)|Elisabeth]]. Sir Clement Freud's daughter [[Emma Freud]], a broadcaster, is the partner of [[Richard Curtis]], scriptwriter of ''[[Blackadder]]'' and ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''. His nieces (by his painter brother [[Lucian Freud|Lucian]]) are fashion designer [[Bella Freud]] and writer [[Esther Freud]]. His brother, Stephen Freud, has closely guarded his privacy, with the exception of an interview he gave to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2403606/I-am-the-forgotten-Freud-says-brother-of-Sir-Clement-Freud-and-Lucian-Freud.html|title=I am the forgotten Freud, says brother of Sir Clement Freud and Lucian Freud|publisher=''The Daily Telegraph''|date= July 18, 2008|accessdate=2009-04-15|first=Adam|last=Lusher}}</ref> The Freud family live in [[Walberswick]] in [[Suffolk]].

Freud was a horse racing enthusiast, and was a columnist for the ''[[Racing Post]]'' newspaper. In his column in the paper, issue of [[23 August]] [[2006]], he wrote about his election to Parliament in a by-election: "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in [[East Anglia]], where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. [[Ladbrokes]] quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments."

Freud also wrote articles reviewing facilities for spectators at racecourses in Britain, especially catering. This led him to receive the nickname "Sir Clement Food". He was an [[Anglican]].<ref>[http://www.ajr.org.uk/journal/issue.Mar01/article.622 Association of Jewish Refugees], 2001</ref>

Freud died at his home on 15 April 2009, aged 84. He was survived by his wife of 59 years, Jill Freud, his five children and his 17 grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8001383.stm|title=Writer Clement Freud dies aged 84|date=2009-04-14|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Crewe, Daniel. "One of Nature’s Liberals: the career of Sir Clement Freud, artist, journalist, chef, bon-viveur – and Liberal MP, 1973-87" in ''Journal of Liberal History'', Issue 43, Summer 2004

==External links==
*[http://www.legacy.com/TimesOnline-UK/DeathNotices.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonID=126283328 AP Obituary] in the [[Times of London]]
*{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/rams/jam_clement.ram |title=Clement Freud talking about ''Just a Minute'' (RealPlayer video)|publisher=BBC}}
*{{citeweb|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/ |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title= "Just a Minute" archive of shows}}
*{{imdb name|0294429}}

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
|years = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]}}
{{s-non|reason = Constituency abolished}}

{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
|years = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Malcolm Moss]]}}

{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|title=[[Rector of the University of Dundee]]|years=1974–1980|before=[[Peter Ustinov]]|after=[[George Mackie, Baron Mackie of Benshie|Baron Mackie of Benshie]]}}
{{succession box | title = [[Rector of the University of St Andrews]] | years = 2002–2005 | before = [[Andrew Neil]] | after = [[Simon Pepper]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freud, Clement}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:Freud family]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Old Paulines]]
[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Anglicanism]]
[[Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Dundee]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Jewish refugees]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:Liberal MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970-1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974-1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979-1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983-1987]]
[[Category:People from Berlin]]
[[Category:German immigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Ulster Rifles soldiers]]
[[Category:British Army General List officers]]

[[cy:Clement Freud]]
[[pt:Clement Freud]]
[[fi:Clement Freud]]

Clement Freud

2009-03-03T05:44:22Z

Quiddity: /* Early career */ link

{{Infobox MP
| name = Sir Clement Freud
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Clement-freud-368-220.JPG
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| majority =
| term_start = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 by-election]]
| term_end = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| predecessor = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]
| successor = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency_MP2 = [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
| parliament2 = United Kingdom
| majority2 =
| term_start2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]
| term_end2 = [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]
| predecessor2 = ''Constituency created''
| successor2 = [[Malcolm Moss]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1924|04|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Weimar Germany]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Clement Raphael Freud
| nationality = British
| party = [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = June Flewett (1950- )
| partner =
| relations = [[Lucian Freud]] (brother) [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]] (father) [[Sigmund Freud]] (grandfather)
| children = 5 children
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Writer, politician, broadcaster, chef
| profession =
| net worth =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = Known for
| data1 = ''[[Just a Minute]]''
}}

'''Sir Clement Raphael Freud''' (born 24 April 1924)<ref name="ego">{{cite book |title=Freud Ego |last=Freud |first=Clement |year=2001 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= |isbn= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 1 }}</ref> is an [[Great Britain|English]] [[writer]], [[broadcaster]] and former [[politician]].

Freud was born in [[Berlin]], the son of [[Jewish]] parents [[Ernst Ludwig Freud]], an architect, and Lucie ''née'' Brasch. He is the grandson of psychoanalyst [[Sigmund Freud]] and brother of artist [[Lucian Freud]]. His family fled to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] from [[Nazi Germany]]. He attended [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], an [[independent school]] in London. During the [[Second World War]] Freud served as an aide to [[Bernard Montgomery|Field Marshal Montgomery]]. He married [[Jill Freud|June Flewett]] (the inspiration for [[Lucy Pevensie]] in [[C. S. Lewis]]' children's series the ''[[Chronicles of Narnia]]'')<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/12/11/narnia11.xml The Daily Telegraph], 11 December 2005
</ref> in 1950, and the couple have five children.

== Early career ==

Freud was one of Britain's first '[[celebrity chef]]s', having worked at the [[Dorchester Hotel]], and went on to run his own restaurant in [[Sloane Square]] at a relatively young age. As well as this, he had various newspaper and magazine columns, and was also a familiar face on television due to his appearance in a series of dog food adverts (for Minced Morsels) in which he co-starred with a [[bloodhound]] called Henry (played by a number of dogs) which shared his trademark "hangdog" expression.

In 1968 he wrote a children's book, ''[[Grimble]]''. Six years later he wrote a sequel: ''Grimble at Christmas''.

== Political career ==

Clement Freud was [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament]] for the [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]] (later [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]) from 1973 to 1987. On his election, he was hailed as the first Jewish Liberal MP for decades (though in fact he has been Anglican since his marriage<ref name="identity">{{cite book|title=Psychoanalysis, Identity, and Ideology: Critical Essays on the Israel/Palestine case | author=John Bunzl, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |publisher=Springer |year=2002 | ISBN=1402071558 | page=34}}</ref>). His departure from Parliament was marked by his being awarded a [[Knight Bachelor|knighthood]].

Prior to politics, Freud longed for (given [[Freud (disambiguation)#The Sigmund Freud family|his background and ancestry]]) a distinct occupation by which he could be acclaimed, rather than just being "the man off the telly"; his chance came in the [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973 Isle of Ely Parliamentary by-election]], which he won.

His autobiography, ''[[Freud Ego]]'', recalls his election win, and shortly after, when asked by his wife June, "Why aren't you looking happier?", he wrote "It suddenly occurred to me that after nine years of fame I now had something solid about which to be famous... and cheered up no end."

During his time as a Member of Parliament, he visited [[China]] with a delegation of other MPs, including [[Winston Churchill (1940-)|Winston S. Churchill]], a grandson of the wartime [[Winston Churchill|leader of the same name]]. When Churchill was given the best room in the hotel, on account of his lineage, Freud (in a reference to his own famous forebear) declared it was the first time in his life that he had been "out-grandfathered".

== Music, Radio, Academia ==

He is now perhaps best known as a panelist on the popular [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] quiz programmes ''[[Just a Minute]]'' (where he can be currently heard) and ''[[The News Quiz]]'', where his deadpan delivery is popular with audiences. He was a contestant on the very first episode of ''Just a Minute'' in 1967. He has taken part in every series since and is the only surviving original panelist. In 1974, he was elected [[Rector of the University of Dundee]] and served two three-year terms.

Freud also performed a small monologue for the [[Wings (band)|Wings]] album ''[[Band on the Run]]'', and appears on the album's cover.

A generation later, in 2002, he was elected [[Rector]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], beating feminist and academic [[Germaine Greer]] and local challenger [[Barry Joss]], holding the position for one term.

== Family and hobbies ==

His son [[Matthew Freud]], co-owner of the now defunct [[Press Gazette]] with [[Piers Morgan]], was formerly married to [[Caroline Hutton]], who was the second wife of [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Earl Spencer]]. He is now married to media magnate [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s daughter [[Elisabeth Murdoch|Elisabeth]]. Sir Clement Freud's daughter [[Emma Freud]], a broadcaster, is the partner of [[Richard Curtis]], scriptwriter of ''[[Blackadder]]'' and ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]''. His nieces (by his painter brother [[Lucian Freud|Lucian]]) are fashion designer [[Bella Freud]] and writer [[Esther Freud]]. The Freud family live in [[Walberswick]] in [[Suffolk]].

Freud is a horse racing enthusiast, and is a columnist for the ''[[Racing Post]]'' newspaper. In his column in the paper, issue of [[23 August]] [[2006]], he wrote about his election to Parliament in a by-election: "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in [[East Anglia]], where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. [[Ladbrokes]] quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments."

Freud has also written articles reviewing facilities for spectators at racecourses in Britain, especially catering. This has led him to receive the nickname "Sir Clement Food." He is an [[Anglican]]<ref>[http://www.ajr.org.uk/journal/issue.Mar01/article.622 Association of Jewish Refugees], 2001</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/rams/jam_clement.ram Clement Freud talking about ''Just a Minute'' (RealPlayer video)]
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/ BBC Radio 4 - Here you can find the show "Just a Minute" archived]
* [[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who 2006]]
*“One of Nature’s Liberals:” the career of Sir Clement Freud, artist, journalist, chef, bon-viveur – and Liberal MP, 1973-87 by Daniel Crewe; Journal of Liberal History, Issue 43, Summer 2004

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Harry Legge-Bourke|Sir Harry Legge-Bourke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Isle of Ely (UK Parliament constituency)|Isle of Ely]]
|years = [[Isle of Ely by-election, 1973|1973]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]}}
{{s-non|reason = Constituency abolished}}

{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[North East Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Cambridgeshire]]
|years = [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]]–[[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]]}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Malcolm Moss]]}}

{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|title=[[Rector of the University of Dundee]]|years=1974–1980|before=[[Peter Ustinov]]|after=[[George Mackie, Baron Mackie of Benshie|Baron Mackie of Benshie]]}}
{{succession box | title = [[Rector of the University of St Andrews]] | years = 2002–2005 | before = [[Andrew Neil]] | after = [[Simon Pepper]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freud, Clement}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:Freud family]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Old Paulines]]
[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Anglicanism]]
[[Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Dundee]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Jewish refugees]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:Liberal MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1970-1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1974-1979]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979-1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983-1987]]
[[Category:People from Suffolk]]

[[pt:Clement Freud]]
[[fi:Clement Freud]]

Ze Frank

2009-03-01T03:10:46Z

Quiddity: Reverted 1 edit by 125.238.132.121 identified as vandalism to last revision by 125.238.242.249.

{{Infobox Internet celebrity
| name = Ze Frank
| image = ZeFrank.jpg
| imagesize = 225px
| caption = Ze Frank hosting the web awards at SXSWi 2007
| birthname = Hosea Jan Frank
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1972|3|31}}
| birthplace =
| deathdate =
| deathplace =
| othername =
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| spouse(s) =
| webalias =
| period active =
| host service =
| genre = Comedy
| subjects =
| influences =
| influenced =
| meme =
| meme date =
| notable works = [[the show with zefrank|the show]]
| notable roles =
| signature phrase =
| homepage = [http://www.zefrank.com/ www.zefrank.com]
}}

'''Ze Frank''' (born '''Hosea Jan Frank''' on [[March 31]], [[1972]], first name {{IPA2|zeɪ}}, rhymes with "say") is an [[United States|American]] [[online]] [[performance art]]ist, [[composer]], [[humorist]] and [[public speaker]] based in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]].<ref name = "Warren St. John">{{cite web | last = St. John | first = Warren | title = "And You're So Funny? Write My Script" | publisher = [[The New York Times]] | date = [[June 18]], [[2006]] | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/18/fashion/sundaystyles/18ze.html?ex=1308283200&en=75012f528a1baac1&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | accessdate = 2006-12-20 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Frank was born to German-American parents and raised in a [[Guilderland|suburb]] of [[Albany, New York]]. He graduated from [[Brown University]] in 1995 where he studied [[neuroscience]].<ref name = "Warren St. John" /> Information given in ''[[the show with zefrank|the show]]'' indicates that he was educated at a [[Montessori]] school and also has a sister.

Beginning at Brown, Frank played guitar and sang lead vocals for a funk/jam band called [[Dowdy Smack]], along with [[Blues Traveler]] bassist [[Tad Kinchla]], until its dissolution in 1998.

==Career==
In 2001, Frank created an [http://www.zefrank.com/invite/swfs/index2.html online birthday invitation] and sent it to seventeen of his closest friends. Forwarded wildly, the invitation soon generated millions of hits and over 100 gigabytes of daily web traffic to Frank's personal Web site.<ref>{{cite news | last = Kukec | first = Anna Marie | title = Web designer's email invite forwarded millions of times | publisher = [[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois newspaper)|Daily Herald]] | date = [[April 23]], [[2001]]}}</ref> The site grew to include interactive group projects, short films, animations, and video games, many [[Macromedia Flash|Flash]]-based, including children's educational videos featuring handy tips such as "Don't vacuum your face".

Frank won a 2002 [[Webby Awards|Webby Award]] for Best Personal Website. In 2005, Frank was featured in Time Magazine's "50 Coolest Websites".<ref>{{ cite web | last = Murray Buechner | first = Marryanne | title = 50 Coolest Websites 2005 | publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = [[June 20]], [[2005]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1073316,00.html | accessdate = 2006-12-20 }}</ref> Frank debuted onstage at the [[Gel conference]] in 2003, and later spoke at the [[TED (conference)|TED Conference]] in 2004 and 2005.<ref>[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1895918195820925057&hl=en Ze Frank's speech] at the [[TED (conference)|TED Conference]] (2004) Monterey, California (video)</ref>

On [[March 17]], [[2006]], Frank launched a daily video blog known simply as ''[[the show with zefrank]]''. Each tightly edited three-to-five-minute episode combined ''[[The Daily Show with Jon Stewart|Daily Show]]''-style commentary on world events with songs, observations, and occasional games or challenges for his viewers to participate in. ''the show'' quickly became the most popular portion of his site and helped to increase Frank's visibility in the [[blogosphere]] while also attracting the interest of those in the "old media" of film and television. Frank signed with the [[United Talent Agency]] of Beverly Hills, California for representation. The show ended on [[March 17]], [[2007]], exactly one year after its start.

Frank has served as an [[Professor#Other_designations|adjunct professor]] at [[Tisch School of the Arts#Interactive Telecommunications Program|ITP]]/[[New York University|NYU]], [[Parsons School of Design]], and [[SUNY Purchase]].

==Appearances==
* In February 2004 Frank appeared on the [[TED Conference]] with a talk titled [http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/87 What's so funny about the Web?]
* On [[May 18]], [[2007]], Frank spoke at the Ruby on Rails conference, [http://railsconf.org RailsConf], in Portland, Oregon.<ref>[http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/rails2007/view/e_sess/14336 Ze Frank Keynote] at [[Ruby Central]] and [[O'Reilly Media]]'s [http://conferences.oreillynet.com/rails/ RailsConf] (2007) Portland, Oregon</ref>
* Frank was a substitute host on the [[July 23]], [[2007]] edition of the [[Public Radio International|PRI]] [[public radio]] show ''[[Fair Game (radio)|Fair Game]] with [[Faith Salie]]''.<ref>[http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/fairgame/.jukebox?action=viewMedia&mediaId=610380&podcastId=2743 Fair Game: Hasan Elahi, Rachelle Garniez, Harvey Pekar]</ref>
* Frank spoke at [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] as part of the monthly ''Caroline Werner Gannett Lecture Series'' on [[October 3]], [[2007]].<ref>[http://www.rit.edu/~cwg/ze_frank.php3 The Caroline Werner Gannett Lecture Series - Ze Frank] at [http://www.rit.edu Rochester Institute of Technology].</ref>
* On March 2008, Frank MCed the Graphex Gala Awards Ceremony in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.gdc.net/graphex/winners/index.php
* Ze was a featured guest on [[The Sound of Young America]] on [[July 17]], [[2008]]<ref>[http://www.vimeo.com/1341185?pg=embed&sec=1341185 Ze Frank on The Sound of Young America]</ref>.
* On 6 October 2008, Ze was the keynote speaker at the [[Kalido]] User Conference.
* Ze presented at the 3rd [http://webstock.org.nz Webstock] conference in Wellington, New Zealand on [[February 19]], [[2009]].

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://www.zefrank.com/ Ze Frank's site]
*[http://www.zefrank.com/wiki/ zefrank.com wiki]
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm1427421/ ''Ze Frank''] on [[IMDB]]
*[http://video.on.nytimes.com/?fr_story=c6bc3a3add5740b12bc8f490af760e3480993468 Warren St. John interviews Ze Frank] ([[June 18]], [[2006]]) for ''[[The New York Times]]'' (video)
*[http://www.goodexperience.com/blog/archives/000191.php/ Interview: Ze Frank, performance artist] by Mark Hurst of goodexperience.com on [[December 4]], [[2002]]
*[http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/blogspotting/archives/2006/07/ze_frank_youtub.html "Ze Frank, YouTube, and Making Money"] by Heather Green, ''BusinessWeek'', [[July 28]], [[2006]]
*[http://ted.com/tedtalks/tedtalksplayer.cfm?key=z_frank Video] of Ze Frank discussion of the internet at the February 2004 [[TED (conference)|TED Conference]] in Monterey, CA. Duration 19:42
*[http://cecilvortex.com/swath/2007/03/29/an_interview_with_ze_frank.html Ze Frank on creativity, an interview with about-creativity.com [[March 29]], [[2007]]]
*[http://www.buzzfeed.com/zefrank Zefrank's postings on Buzzfeed.com]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frank, Ze}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American humorists]]
[[Category:Brown University alumni]]
[[Category:German-American artists]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Video bloggers]]
[[Category:American Internet personalities]]

Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office

2009-02-25T18:33:12Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 273160522 by 80.189.45.225 (talk)-rvt speculation

{|class="infobox" style="width:20.5em; text-align:center; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em; padding:0em 0em 0em 0em; border:1px solid silver"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: 170%;" | '''Chief Mouser'''
|-
|colspan="2" style="padding:0; font-family:serif; font-weight:bold; text-transform:uppercase; font-size:90%; line-height:110%; color:rgb(255, 255, 255); background:rgb(0, 128, 0);"| British Politics
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"| [[File:Her Majesty's Government Coat of Arms.svg|120px]] '''Arms of [[Government of the United Kingdom|HM Government]]'''
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Image:Sybil the cat.jpg|118px]]
|-
| colspan="2"| Incumbent: [[Sybil (cat)|Sybil]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"|
|-
! Residence
| [[10 Downing Street|10 Downing St]], [[London]], [[UK]]
|-
! First Chief Mouser
| Treasury Bill
|-
! Formation
| 1924
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid 1px #ccd2d9;"|
|}

The '''Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office''' is the unofficial title of the [[official residence|official resident]] [[cat]] of the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] at [[10 Downing Street]]. Only one cat was officially given the title,<ref>{{cite news |title=Purr-fect ending fur Humphrey! |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/34455.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=25 November 1997 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref> and the other cats are given this title affectionately, usually by the British press. There has been a resident [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] or [[Downing Street]] cat employed as [[wiktionary:mouser|mouser]] and pet since the reign of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Caroline |last=Davies |title=More questions over how No 10 handled the kitty |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/11/24/nmog124.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher= |date=24 November 1997 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref> although official records released into the public domain on 4 January 2005 by the [[Freedom of Information Act 2000]] only date back to 3 June 1929,<ref name="list">{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Home Office cat history revealed |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4143423.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref><ref name="file">{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=1835842 |title=The official Home Office cat |accessdate=12 March 2008}} |date=1929–1976 |work=[[HM Government]] |publisher=[[The National Archives]]}}</ref> when AE Banham at the Treasury authorised the Office Keeper "to spend 1[[old penny sterling|d]] a day from petty cash towards the maintenance of an efficient cat".<ref name="Metro">{{cite news |title=Tale of Home Office cat |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/weird/article.html?in_article_id=6981&in |work=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|Metro]] |publisher=[[Associated Newspapers]] |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref> In April 1932, his weekly allowance was upped to 1[[Shilling|s]] 6d. By the 21st century, the mouser was costing [[Pound sterling|£]]100 per annum.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Millward |title=Humphrey... the Downing Street dossier |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/03/14/ndoss14.xml |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=15 March 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref>

As the cats are "employed" as civil servants,<ref>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Fenton |title=The official Home Office cat |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/01/04/nfoi404.xml |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=4 January 2005 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref> they do not belong to the Prime Minister in residence and it is rare for the Chief Mouser's "term of office" to coincide with that of the Prime Minister. The cat with the longest tenure at Downing Street is Wilberforce, who served under [[Edward Heath]], [[Harold Wilson]], [[Jim Callaghan]] and [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The current mouser, Sybil, began her tenure on 11 September 2007, and was the first mouser for ten years following the retirement of her predecessor [[Humphrey (cat)|Humphrey]] in 1997. Sybil is actually owned by the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Alistair Darling]], who currently lives in 10 Downing Street while the incumbent Prime Minister, [[Gordon Brown]], lives in the larger [[11 Downing Street]].<ref>{{cite news |title=No. 10 has its first cat since Humphrey |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSGOR14568220070912?feedType=RSS&feedName=oddlyEnoughNews&rpc=22&sp=true |work=[[Reuters]] |publisher= |date=12 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Assinder |last=Nick |title=No 10 gets new feline first lady |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6989055.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=12 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref>

==List of cats==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;
|-
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Name
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Began tenure
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Ended tenure
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Prime Minister(s)
!style="background: #e3e3e3; align:center;" |Refs
|-
| align="center"| Treasury Bill
| align="center" colspan="2"| 1924
| [[Ramsay MacDonald]]
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldandsold.com/articles02/cats34.shtml |title=Employed Cats and Their Pay |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=1936 |work=note: reprint |publisher=OldAndSold.com}} • {{cite web |url=http://www.messybeast.com/retro-1920.htm |title=EMPLOYED CATS AND THEIR PAY |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=1936 |work=note: reprint |publisher=messybeast.com}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| Peter
| align="center"| [[floruit|fl.]] 1929
| align="center"| 1946
| [[Stanley Baldwin]], Ramsay MacDonald, [[Neville Chamberlain]], [[Winston Churchill]], [[Clement Attlee]]
| align="center"| <ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Munich Mouser
| align="center"| 1937–1940
| align="center"| 1943
| Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite book |title=Churchill's War Volume II: Triumph in Adversity |author=Irving, David |year=2001 |publisher=Focal Point Publications |id=ISBN 1-872-19715-9 |page=833}}</ref><ref name="FH110">{{cite journal |title=Riddles, Mysteries, Enigmas |journal=Finest Hour |issue=110 |date=Spring 2001 |publisher=The Churchill Centre}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| Nelson
| colspan="2" align="center"| 1940s
| Winston Churchill
| align="center"| <ref name="FH110" /><ref>{{cite journal |title=Riddles, Mysteries, Enigmas |journal=Finest Hour |issue=109 |date=Winter 2000-2001 |publisher=The Churchill Centre}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| Peter II
| align="center"| 1946
| align="center"| 1948
| Clement Attlee
| align="center"| <ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Peter
| align="center"| 1948
| align="center"| 1964
| Clement Attlee, Winston Churchill, [[Anthony Eden]], [[Harold Macmillan]], [[Alec Douglas-Home]]
| align="center"| <ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Peta
| align="center"| 1964
| align="center"| [[circa|ca.]] 1978
| Alec Douglas-Home, [[Harold Wilson]], [[Edward Heath]]
| align="center"| <ref name="list" />
|-
| align="center"| Wilberforce
| align="center"| 1970
| align="center"| 1988
| Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, [[Jim Callaghan]], [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite news |first=Jane |last=Merrick |title=Ten years after the Humphrey hoo-ha, a cat returns to Downing Street |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=481206&in_page_id=1770&ito=1490 |work=[[The Daily Mail]] |publisher=Associated Newspapers |date=11 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[Humphrey (cat)|Humphrey]]
| align="center"| 1989
| align="center"| 1997
| Margaret Thatcher, [[John Major]], [[Tony Blair]]
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/upload/assets/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/foi/humphrey_cat.pdf |title=Humphrey the Cat |accessdate=12 March 2008 |format=PDF |work=HM Government |publisher=[[Cabinet Office]] }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[Sybil (cat)|Sybil]]
| align="center"| 2007
| align="center"| Incumbent
| [[Gordon Brown]]
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page13158.asp |title=Morning press briefing from 11 September 2007 |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=11 September 2007 |work=[[10 Downing Street]] |publisher=HM Government }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page13147.asp |title=Number 10 welcomes new resident |accessdate=12 March 2008 |date=11 September 2007 |work=10 Downing Street |publisher=HM Government }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Churchill's War Volume II: Triumph in Adversity |author=Irving, David |year=2001 |publisher=Focal Point Publications |id=ISBN 1-872-19715-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Brawn |first=David |title=A Day in the Life of Humphrey the Downing Street Cat |year=1995 |month=December |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=0-004-71000-2 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/peter.html |title=Peter, the British Home Office Cat(s) |accessdate=2008-03-12 |last=Roberts |first=Patrick |work=Purr 'n' Fur }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.purr-n-fur.org.uk/famous/humphrey.html |title=Downing Street Cats Sybil, Humphrey and Wilberforce |accessdate=2008-03-12 |last=Roberts |first=Patrick |work=Purr 'n' Fur }}

==See also==
* [[Canadian Parliamentary Cats]]
* [[List of United States Presidential pets]]
==External links==
* [http://www.pm.gov.uk/ 10 Downing Street]

{{featured list}}

[[Category:Famous cats]]

[[de:Wilberforce (Kater)]]
[[fr:Liste des chats du 10 Downing Street]]

Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphiokarabomelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptokephalliokinklopeleiolagoosiraiobaphetraganopterygon

2009-02-19T19:56:49Z

Quiddity: Undid revision 271695934 by 24.44.35.119 (talk) - info at "longest word" article

{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Unencyclopedic}}
'''Lopadotemakhoselakhogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphiokarabomelitokatakekhymenokikhlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptokephalliokigklopeleiolagōiosiraiobaphētraganopterýgōn''' is a fictional dish mentioned in [[Aristophanes]]' comedy ''[[Assemblywomen]].''

It is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek word [[Wiktionary:λοπαδοτεμαχοσελαχογαλεοκρανιολειψανοδριμυποτριμματοσιλφιοκαραβομελιτοκατακεχυμενοκιχλεπικοσσυφοφαττοπεριστεραλεκτρυονοπτοκεφαλ...|λοπαδοτεμαχοσελαχογαλεοκρανιολειψανοδριμυποτριμματοσιλφιοκαραβομελιτοκατακεχυμενοκιχλεπικοσσυφοφαττοπεριστεραλεκτρυονοπτοκεφαλλιοκιγκλοπελειολαγῳοσιραιοβαφητραγανοπτερύγων]] in the Greek alphabet (1169-74). Liddell and Scott translate this as "name of a dish compounded of all kinds of dainties, fish, flesh, fowl, and sauces."

{{wiktionary|λοπαδοτεμαχοσελαχογαλεοκρανιολειψανοδριμυποτριμματοσιλφιοκαραβομελιτοκατακεχυμενοκιχλεπικοσσυφοφαττοπεριστεραλεκτρυονοπτοκεφαλ...|λοπαδοτεμαχο...}}

{{wiktionary|lepadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimypotrimmatosilphiotyromelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptokephaliokinklopeleiolagoiosiraiobaphetragalopterygon|lepado...}}

The original Greek spelling had 171 characters (something which is not obvious in the [[Roman alphabet|Roman]] transcription, depending on the variant) and for centuries it was the [[Longest word in English#Coinages|longest word known]].

The dish was a [[fricassee]], with 17 sweet and sour ingredients, including the following:

*[[Fish]] slices
*Fish of the [[Elasmobranchii]] subclass (a [[shark]] or [[ray]])
*Rotted [[dogfish]] or [[Shark|small shark's]] head
*Generally sharp-tasting dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together
*[[Silphion]] "[[laserwort]]," apparently a kind of [[giant fennel]]
*A kind of [[crab]], [[beetle]], or [[crayfish]]
*[[Honey]] poured down
*Wrasse (or [[Thrush (bird)|thrush]])
*Was topped with a kind of [[sea fish]] or [[Blackbird]]
*[[Wood pigeon]]
*[[Domestic pigeon]]
*[[Chicken]]
*Roasted head of [[dabchick]]
*[[Hare]], which could be a kind of [[bird]] or a kind of [[sea hare]]
*[[Must|New wine boiled down]]
*[[Wing]] and/or [[fin]]

==References==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=EKSHvbY5howC&q=%22longest+word%22+aristophanes&dq=%22longest+word%22 Guinness Book of World Records, 1990 ed, pg. 129] ISBN 0806957905
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0030:line=1163 Aristophanes, Ecclesiazusae (ed. Eugene O'Neill, Jr.), line 1163]

[[es:Lopadotemakhoselakhogaleokranioleipsanodrimypotrimmatosilphiokarabomelitokatakekhymenokikhlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokinklopeleiolagōiosiraiobaphētraganopterygṓn]]
[[eo:Lopadotemakhoselakhogaleokranioleipsanodrimypotrimmatosilphiokarabomelitokatakekhymenokikhlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokinklopeleiolagōiosiraiobaphētraganopterygṓn]]
[[fr:Lopadotemakhoselakhogaleokranioleipsanodrimypotrimmatosilphiokarabomelitokatakekhymenokikhlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokinklopeleiolagōiosiraiobaphētraganopterygṓn]]
[[he:לופאדוטמאכוס...פטריגון]]
[[no:Lopado…pterygon]]
[[fi:Lopadotemakhoselakhogaleokranioleipsanodrimypotrimmatosilphiokarabomelitokatakekhymenokikhlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokinklopeleiolagōiosiraiobaphētraganopterygṓn]]

[[Category:Words]]

Sahitya Akademi Award

2009-02-13T23:34:43Z

Quiddity: Reverted edits by 67.70.121.40 (talk) to last version by Jotterbot

{{Infobox Indian Awards
|awardname = Sahitya Akademi Award
|image =
|type =
|category = [[Literature]] (Individual)
|instituted = [[1954]]
|firstawarded = [[1954]]
|lastawarded = [[2007]]
|total =
|awardedby = [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Government of India]]
|cashaward =
|description = Literary award in [[India]]
|previousnames =
|obverse =
|reverse =
|ribbon =
|firstawardees =
|lastawardees =
|precededby =
|followedby =
|website= http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa1.htm
}}
The '''Sahitya Akademi Award''' '''(साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार)''' is a literary honour in [[India]]. Established in 1954, and awarded yearly by the [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters <ref>[http://society.indianetzone.com/literature/1/sahitya_academy_awards.htm Sahitya Akademi Awards]</ref>, to outstanding literary works published in any of the twenty-four major languages of India.<ref name=off>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa1.htm Award history, Awards and Fellowships] Sahitya Akademi Official website.</ref> The award carries a monetary component
(Rs. 50,000) and a plaque. <ref name=off/> It is the second-highest literary honour conferred by the [[Government of India]], the highest award being the [[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]].

==The Award==
{{Indian literature}}
The award carries a monetary component (Rupees 50,000) and a plaque. Sahitya Akademy gives twenty-four awards to literary works in the languages, and are given after a year-long process of scrutiny, discussion and selection.

The awards are given in 24 Indian languages, including Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu <ref>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.org/sahitya-akademi/awa10301.htm Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2005, Official listings]</ref>.

The awards are meant to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and expanding the very definition of Indian [[literature]] by acknowledging new trends and movements. They are a reflection of current tastes and contribute to the formation of an Indian sensibility.

==Other Awards==
===[[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]s===
It is the highest honour <ref>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa2.htm Sahitya Akademi Fellowships]</ref> conferred by the Akademi, and the Akademi has a system of electing [[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|Fellows and Honorary Fellows]]

===Anand Coomarswamy Fellowships===
Named after an Indian literary giant, [[Ananda Coomaraswamy]], the fellowship was started in 1996. It is given to scholars from Asian countries to spend periods varying from 3 to 12 months in India to pursue a literary project <ref>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.org/sahitya-akademi/awa3.htm Anand Coomarswamy and Premchand Fellowships]</ref>.

===Premchand Fellowships===
Started in 2005, this fellowship, name after noted [[Hindi]] writer [[Premchand]], is offered to persons of eminence in the field of Culture from the [[SAARC]] countries.

===Bhasha Samman===
These special awards are given to writers/scholars for significant contribution to the languages not formally recognised by the Akademi and also for contribution to classical & medieval Literature. The awards carries a plaque and a cash prize of i.e. Rs.50,000/- <ref>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa4.htm Bhasha Awards]</ref>.
===Translation Awards===
The Akademi gives awards for translation in the 24 languages recognised by it every year, since 1989. The award carries a monetary component (Rs. 20, 000) and a plaque.

==Recent Awards==
===2006===
* [[Assamese]]: Cheneh Jorir Ganthi (Short Stories) - Atulananda Goswami
* [[Telugu]]: Ashtitvanadam Aavali Teerana (Short Stories) - Munipalle Raju

===2005===
*[[Assamese language|Assamese]]: [[Yeshe Dorje Thongchi]] - [[Mouna Ounth Mukhar Hriday]] (Novel)
*[[Bengali language|Bengali]]: [[Binoy Mazumdar]] - Haspatale Lekha Kabitaguchha (Poetry)
*[[Bodo language|Bodo]]: [[Mangalsingh Hazowary]] - Jiuni Mwgthang Bisombi Arw Aroj (Poetry)
*[[Dogri language|Dogri]]: [[Krishan Sharma]] - Dhaldi Dhuppe Da Sek (Short Stories)
*[[English language|English]]: [[Upamanyu Chatterjee]] - [[The Mammaries of the Welfare State]] (Novel)
*[[Gujarati language|Gujrati]]: Suresh Dalal - Akhand Zalar Vage (Poetry)
*[[Hindi]]: [[Manohar Shyam Joshi]] - Kyap (Novel)
*[[Telugu]]: Tana Margam (Short Stories) - Abburi Chayadevi

==Indian Literature Golden Jubilee Translation Awards==
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of [[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] (''Samakaleen Bharatiya Sahitya'' in Hindi), the bi-monthly journal of [[Sahitya Akademi]], a nation-wide translation competition in Poetry, Fiction & Oral Literature was announced by the Akademi on [[July 29]], [[2007]]. The following are the prize-winners :-

===Poetry===
*1st Prize : Mr [[Rana Nayar]], Professor in English, Punjab University, E-70, Sector-14, Chandigarh - 160 014.
*2nd Prize : [[Dr Tapan Kumar Pradhan]], Member of Faculty, Reserve Bank of India, Zonal Training Centre, Sector - 7, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400 614.)
*3rd Prize : Ms Paromita Das, 16, Pub Sarania, Silpukhuri, Guwahati - 781 003.

===Fiction===
*1st Prize : Subrata Banerjee, Visiting Professor, CRRID, Hooghly, West Bengal
*2nd Prize : Shoma A. Chatterjee (Film Journalist), 109/33, Hazra Road, Kolkata - 700 026.
*3rd Prize : Abha Shah,D-7, III Floor, Atur Park, Chembur, Mumbai - 400 171.

===Oral Literature===
*1st Prize : Subrata Basu, W2C 10/2 Phase II, Green Golf Complex, Kolkata - 700 095
*2st Prize : Nila Shah, Lecturer, Shri Jasani Arts & Commerce College, Rajkot.
*3rd Prize : Shweta Rao, Research Scholar, Dept of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Roorkee-247 667.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Literature Portal}}

== See also ==
* [[Indian Literature (journal)| ''Indian Literature'']]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Bengali Writers]]
* [[List of winners of Sahitya Akademi Awards for writing in Rajasthani language]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Assamese Writers]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Marathi Writers]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Hindi Writers]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Gujarati Writers]]
* [[List of poetry awards | ''Poetry Awards'']]

== External links ==
* [http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa1.htm Sahitya Akademi Awards and Fellowships, Official wesbite]

{{India Honours and Decorations}}
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1954]]
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Award recipients| ]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of India]]

{{lit-award-stub}}

[[bn:সাহিত্য অকাদেমী পুরস্কার]]
[[ml:കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാര്‍ഡ്]]
[[ta:சாகித்திய அகாதமி விருது]]