Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Liste von Werkzeugen zur statischen Codeanalyse

2010-07-09T09:25:05Z

Qu3a: /* Commercial products */ Ounce -> IBM

{{Unreferenced|list|date=January 2009}}
This is a list of significant tools for [[static code analysis]].



{{Portal|Software Testing}}
==Historical products==
* [[lint (software)|Lint]] — the original static code analyzer of C code.

== Open-source or Noncommercial products ==
=== Multi-language ===

* [[Rough Auditing Tool for Security|RATS]] — Rough Auditing Tool for Security, which can scan C, C++, Perl, PHP and Python source code.
* [[Yasca]] — Yet Another Source Code Analyzer, a plugin-based framework for scanning arbitrary file types, with plugins for scanning C/C++, Java, JavaScript, ASP, PHP, HTML/CSS, ColdFusion, [[COBOL]], and other file types. It integrates with other scanners, including [[FindBugs]], [[JLint]], [[PMD (software)|PMD]], and [[Pixy (Software)|Pixy]].

=== .NET (C#, VB.NET and all .NET compatible languages) ===
* [[FxCop]] — Free static analysis for Microsoft .NET programs that compile to [[Common Intermediate Language|CIL]]. Standalone and integrated in some [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] editions. From Microsoft.
* [[StyleCop]] — Analyzes C# source code to enforce a set of style and consistency rules. It can be run from inside of [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] or integrated into an [[MSBuild]] project. Free download from Microsoft.
* [[Mono (software)|Gendarme]] - GPL equivalent to FxCop that runs on Mono. Extensible rule-based tool to find problems in .NET applications and libraries, particularly those that contain code in ECMA CIL format.
* [http://www.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_O2_Platform OWASP O2 Platform] - Contains an Open Source 'AST-based' .NET Static Code Analysis tool which can be used to find security vulnerabilities in C# Code

=== Haskell ===
* [[Glasgow Haskell Compiler]] — contains a parameter to indicate potentially suspicious code

=== Java ===
* [[Checkstyle]] — besides some static code analysis, it can be used to show violations of a configured coding standard
* [[FindBugs]] — an open-source static bytecode analyzer for Java (based on [[Jakarta Project|Jakarta]] [[Byte Code Engineering Library|BCEL]]) from the University of Maryland.
* [[PMD (software)|PMD]] — a static ruleset based Java source code analyzer that identifies potential problems.
* [[Hammurapi code review tool|Hammurapi]] — (Free for non-commercial use only) versatile code review solution.
* [[Soot (software)|Soot]] — a language manipulation and optimization framework consisting of intermediate languages for [[Java (programming language)|Java]].
* [[Squale (Software Quality)|Squale]] — a platform to manage software quality (also available for other languages, using commercial analysis tools though).
* [[Sonar (software quality)|Sonar]] — a continuous inspection engine to manage the technical debt (unit tests, complexity, duplication, design, comments, coding standards and potential problems).

=== JavaScript ===
* [[JSLint]] — a [[JavaScript]] [[syntax checker]] and validator.

=== C ===
* [[BLAST model checker|BLAST]] (Berkeley Lazy Abstraction Software verification Tool) — a software model checker for C programs based on lazy abstraction.
* [[Clang]] — A compiler that includes a static analyzer.
* [[Frama-C]] — A static analysis framework for C.
* [[Sparse]] — A tool designed to find faults in the [[Linux]] kernel.
* [[Splint (programming tool)|Splint]] — An open source evolved version of Lint (C language).

=== Objective-C ===
* [[Clang]] — the free Clang project includes a static analyzer. As of version 3.2, this analyzer is included in [[Xcode]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/featuredarticles/StaticAnalysis/index.html | title=Static Analysis in Xcode | publisher=Apple | accessdate=2009-09-03}}</ref>

=== Perl ===
* [[Perl::Critic]] — module and program to help find deviations from commonly accepted best practices

=== ActionScript ===
* [[Apparat (computer science)|Apparat]] — a language manipulation and optimization framework consisting of intermediate representations for [[ActionScript]].

==Commercial products==
===Multi-language===
* [[Axivion Bauhaus Suite]] — a tool for C, C++, C#, Java and Ada code that comprises various analyses such as architecture checking, interface analyses, and clone detection.
* [[CAST Application Intelligence Platform]] — Detailed, audience-specific dashboards to measure quality and productivity. 30+ languages, SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Siebel, .NET, Java, C/C++, Struts, Spring, Hibernate and all major databases.
* [[Coverity]] Prevent — identifies security vulnerabilities and code defects in C, C++, C# and Java code.
* [[DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit]] — supports custom analysis of C, C++, C#, Java, COBOL, PHP and many other languages. Also COTS tools for clone analysis, dead code analysis, and style checking.
* [[Compuware]] DevEnterprise — analysis of COBOL, PL/I, JCL, CICS, DB2, IMS and others.
* [[Fortify Software|Fortify]] — helps developers identify software security vulnerabilities in C/C++, .NET, Java, JSP, ASP.NET, ColdFusion, "Classic" ASP, PHP, VB6, VBScript, JavaScript, PL/SQL, T-SQL, python and COBOL as well as configuration files.
* [[GrammaTech]] CodeSonar — Analyzes C,C++. Ada-Assured -Analyzes Ada
* [[Imagix 4D]] - Identifies problems in variable usage, task interaction and concurrency, particularly in embedded applications, as part of an overall solution for understanding, improving and documenting C, C++ and Java software.
* [[Klocwork]] Insight and [[Klocwork]] Developer for Java — provides security vulnerability and defect detection as well as architectural and build-over-build trend analysis for C, C++, C# and Java
* [[Lattix, Inc.]] LDM — Architecture and dependency analysis tool for Ada, C/C++, Java, .NET software systems.
* [[LDRA Testbed]] — A software analysis and testing tool suite for C, C++, Ada83, Ada95 and Assembler (Intel, Freescale, Texas Instruments).
* [[Micro Focus]] (formerly Relativity Technologies) Modernization Workbench - Parsers included for COBOL (multiple variants including IBM, Unisys, MF, ICL, Tandem), PL/I, Natural (inc. ADABAS), Java, Visual Basic, RPG, C & C++ and other legacy languages; Extensible SDK to support 3rd party parsers. Supports automated Metrics (including Function Points), Business Rule Mining, Componentisation and SOA Analysis. Rich ad hoc diagramming, AST search & reporting)
* [[Ounce Labs]] (from 2010 IBM Rational Appscan Source) — automated source code analysis that enables organizations to identify and eliminate software security vulnerabilities in languages including Java, JSP, C/C++, C#, ASP.NET, and VB.Net.
* [[Parasoft]] — Security, reliability, performance, and maintainability analysis of Java, JSP, C, C++, .NET (C#, ASP.NET, VB.Net, etc.), WSDL, XML, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, VBScript/ASP, and configuration files.
* [[Rational Software]] Analyzer - Supports Java, C/C++ (and others available through extentions)
* [[SEEC]] - Supports major legacy languages - documentation, analysis rule mining, interactive analysis, metrics & componentisation
* [[SofCheck Inspector]] — provides static detection of logic errors, [[race condition]]s, and redundant code for [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]. Provides automated extraction of [[precondition|pre]]/[[postcondition]]s from code itself.
* [[Sotoarc| Sotoarc/Sotograph]] — Architecture and quality in-depth analysis and monitoring for Java, C#, C and C++
* [[Structure101]] — For understanding, analyzing, measuring and controlling the quality of your Software Architecture as it evolves over time. Available for Java, Ada(preview) and ActionScript, with support for C/C++ via [[Coverity]] and Programming Research.
* [[Understand (software)|Understand]] — analyzes C,C++, Java, Ada, Fortran, Jovial, Delphi — reverse engineering of source, code navigation, and metrics tool.
* [[Veracode]] - finds security flaws in application binaries and bytecode without requiring source. Supported languages include C, C++, .NET (C#, [[C++/CLI]], VB.NET, ASP.NET), Java, JSP, [[ColdFusion]], and [[PHP]].
* [[Visual Studio Team System]] — analyzes C++,C# source codes. only available in team suite and development edition.

===.NET===
Products covering multiple .NET languages.
* [[CodeIt.Right]] — combines Static Code Analysis and automatic Refactoring to best practices which allows automatically correct code errors and violations. Supports both C# and VB.NET.
* [[CodeRush]] — A plugin for [[Visual Studio]], it addresses a multitude of short comings with the popular IDE. Including alerting users to violations of best practices by using static code analysis.
* [[NDepend]] — Simplifies managing a complex .NET code base by analyzing and visualizing code dependencies, by defining design rules, by doing impact analysis, and by comparing different versions of the code. Integrates into [[Visual Studio]].
* [[ReSharper]] — Add-on for Visual Studio 2003/2005/2008/2010 from the creators of [[IntelliJ IDEA]], which also provides static code analysis for C#.

===Ada===
* [[AdaCore]] CodePeer — Automated code review and bug finder for Ada programs that uses control-flow, data-flow, and other advanced static analysis techniques.
* [[LDRA Testbed]] — A software analysis and testing tool suite for Ada83/95.
* [[SofCheck Inspector]] — provides static detection of logic errors, [[race condition]]s, and redundant code for [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]. Provides automated extraction of [[precondition|pre]]/[[postcondition]]s from code itself.

===C/C++===
* [[Green Hills Software]] DoubleCheck — static analysis for C and C++ code.
* [[LDRA Testbed]] — A software analysis and testing tool suite for C & C++.
* [[PC-Lint]] — A software analysis tool for C & C++.
* [[QA-C]] (and QA-C++) — deep static analysis of C for quality assurance and guideline enforcement.
* [[Red Lizard Software|Red Lizard]]'s Goanna — Static analysis for C/C++ in Eclipse and Visual Studio.
* [[BEAM]] — IBM Checking Tool for Bugs Errors and Mistakes

===Delphi===
*[[Socks Software]] [[CodeHealer]] - Static Analysis for Delphi
*[[Peganza]] [[Pascal Analyzer]] - Static Code Analysis for Delphi

===Java===
* [[IntelliJ IDEA]] — IDE for Java that also provides static code analysis.
* [[LDRA Testbed]] — A software analysis and testing tool suite for Java.
* [[SonarJ]] — monitors the conformance of code to intended architecture, also computes a wide range of software metrics.

===Uncategorized=== 
* [[SemmleCode]] — object oriented code queries for static program analysis.

==Formal methods tools==
Tools that use a [[formal methods]] approach to static analysis (e.g., using static [[assertion (computing)|program assertion]]s):

* [[ESC/Java]] and [[ESC/Java2]] — based on [[Java Modeling Language]], an enriched version of Java.
* [[SofCheck Inspector]] — statically determines and documents [[precondition|pre]]- and [[postcondition]]s for [[Java (programming language)|Java]] methods; statically checks [[precondition]]s at all call sites; also supports [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]].
* [[SPARK Toolset]] including the [[SPARK Examiner]] — based on the [[SPARK programming language]], a subset of [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]].

==See also==
*[[Automated code review]]
*[[Dynamic code analysis]]
*[[Static code analysis]]

==External links==
* [http://www.spinroot.com/static/ List of static source code analysis tools for C]
* [http://samate.nist.gov/index.php/Source_Code_Security_Analyzers.html SAMATE-Source Code Security Analyzers]
* [http://samate.nist.gov/index.php/SATE.html SATE - Static Analysis Tool Exposition]
* [http://www.eclipseplugincentral.com/Web_Links-index-req-viewcatlink-cid-14-orderby-rating.html List of Java static code analysis plugins for Eclipse]
* [http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jfoster/papers/issre04.pdf “A Comparison of Bug Finding Tools for Java”], by Nick Rutar, Christian Almazan, and Jeff Foster, [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]. Compares Bandera, [[ESC/Java]] 2, [[FindBugs]], [[JLint]], and PMD.
* [http://www.oreillynet.com/digitalmedia/blog/2004/03/minireview_of_java_bug_finders.html “Mini-review of Java Bug Finders”], by Rick Jelliffe, [[O'Reilly Media]].
* [http://www.ddj.com/218000153 Parallel Lint], by Andrey Karpov
* [https://www.cert.org/secure-coding/tools.html List of Static Source Code Analysis Tools] at [[CERT Coordination Center|CERT]]
* [http://www.rosecompiler.org/compass.pdf Compass users Manual] a Tool for Source Code Checking
* [http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=193500830 Integrate static analysis into a software development process] Explains how one goes about integrating static analysis into a software development process

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Static code analysis|!]]

Benutzer:Looniverse/Oracle WebLogic Server

2009-12-02T12:42:20Z

Qu3a: /* Application Server versions */ + 10.3.2

{{Infobox Software
| name = Oracle WebLogic Ram
| screenshot = 
| caption = Oracle WebLogic
| developer = [[Oracle Corporation]]
| latest release version = 11g R1
| latest release date = November, 2009
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| genre = [[Application server]]
| license = Proprietary
| website = http://www.oracle.com/appserver/weblogic/enterprise-edition.html
}}

Owned by [[Oracle Corporation]], '''Oracle WebLogic''' consists of a [[JavaEE]] platform product family that includes:

* a [[Java Platform, Enterprise Edition| JavaEE]] [[application server]], [[WebLogic Application Server]]
* an [[enterprise portal]], WebLogic Portal
* an [[Enterprise application integration|Enterprise Application Integration]] platform
* a transaction server and infrastructure, [[Tuxedo (software)|WebLogic Tuxedo]]
* a telecommunication platform, [[WebLogic Communication Platform]]
* an [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] [[web server]]

== History ==
:''Main article [[WebLogic (company)|WebLogic, Inc.]]''

Prior to co-founding WebLogic, Inc., in September 1995, Paul Ambrose and Carl Resnikoff had developed (pre-[[JDBC]]) [[Oracle database|Oracle]], [[Sybase]], and [[Microsoft SQL Server]] database-drivers for Java under the name ''dbKona'', as well as a "three tier" server to permit [[applet]]s to connect to these databases.<ref>http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.java/browse_frm/thread/5fdca8d6d7c775d9/3fcc8d7c887d9cea?lnk=st&q=weblogic+dbkona&rnum=87#3fcc8d7c887d9cea An old dbKona/An T3 Usenet posting</ref>

This WebLogic 1.48 server had the name ''T3Server'' (a [[Corruption_(linguistics)|bastardization]] of "3-Tier Server"). Concurrently, Pitman and Pasker had worked on network-management tools written in Java. Pasker had written an SNMP stack in Java and a W32 native method for [http://groups.google.com/group/comp.dcom.net-management/msg/3810193bb0296e7a?hl=en& ICMP ping], while Pitman worked on applets to display the management data.

The 1.48 server version had (among other hidden features) the ability to extend it by modifying a dispatcher and adding a handler for different types of messages. Pasker talked Ambrose into sending him the source code for the server, and Pasker extended it so that applets could make SNMP and PING requests on the network, and display the results.

At this point, the founders worked together to pursue what eventually became the "Application Server".

[[BEA Systems]] acquired WebLogic, Inc. in 1998, following which it became BEA WebLogic. Oracle acquired BEA in 2008, following which it became Oracle WebLogic.

==Application Server versions ==
* WebLogic Server 11g (10.3.2) - Nov 2009
* WebLogic Server 11g (10.3.1) - Jul 2009
* WebLogic Server 10.3 - Aug 2008 <ref>http://www.oracle.com/support/library/brochure/lifetime-support-middleware.pdf Page 5</ref>
* WebLogic Server 10.0 - Mar 2008 <ref>http://www.oracle.com/support/library/brochure/lifetime-support-middleware.pdf Page 23</ref>
* WebLogic Server 9.2
* WebLogic Server 9.1
* WebLogic Server 9.0 - Nov 2006 <ref>http://www.oracle.com/support/library/brochure/lifetime-support-middleware.pdf Page 23</ref>
* WebLogic Server 8.1 - Jul 2003 <ref>http://www.oracle.com/support/library/brochure/lifetime-support-middleware.pdf Page 23</ref>
* WebLogic Server 7.0 - Jun 2002 <ref>http://www.oracle.com/support/library/brochure/lifetime-support-middleware.pdf Page 22</ref>
* WebLogic Server 6.1
* WebLogic Server 6.0 - file date March 2001 on an old CD <ref>{{Cite book | author=Cavaness, Chuck; Keeton, Brian | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Special Edition Using Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 2.0 | date=2001 | publisher=Pearson Education | location= | isbn=0-7897-2567-3 | pages=628}}</ref>
* WebLogic Tengah 3.1 - Jun 1998 <ref>http://web.archive.org/web/19980704234506/www4.weblogic.com/press/980615ejb.html</ref>
* WebLogic Tengah 3.0.1 - Mar 1998 <ref>http://web.archive.org/web/19980623231648/www.weblogic.com/press/980310.html</ref>
* WebLogic Tengah 3.0 - Jan 1998 <ref>http://web.archive.org/web/19980704235211/www4.weblogic.com/classdocs/release_notes.html</ref>
* WebLogic Tengah - Nov 1997 <ref>http://web.archive.org/web/19980705013850/www4.weblogic.com/press/110397.html</ref>

== Capabilities ==
Oracle WebLogic Server forms part of [[Oracle Fusion Middleware]] portfolio and supports [[Oracle database|Oracle]], [[IBM DB2|DB2]], [[Microsoft SQL Server]], [[MySQL Enterprise]] and other [[Java Database Connectivity|JDBC]]-compliant databases. [[Oracle WebLogic Platform]] also includes:

* [[enterprise portal|Portal]] which includes Commerce Server and Personalization Server
* WebLogic Integration
* WebLogic Workshop, an Eclipse [[Integrated development environment|IDE]] for [[Java (programming language)|Java]], SOA and Rich Internet applications
* [[JRockit]], a custom [[Java Virtual Machine|JVM]].

WebLogic Server includes [[Microsoft .NET|.NET]] [[interoperability]] and supports the following native integration capabilities:

* Native enterprise-grade [[Java Message Service|JMS]] messaging
* [[Java EE Connector Architecture]]
* WebLogic/[[Tuxedo (software)|Tuxedo]] Connector
* [[Component Object Model|COM]]+ Connectivity
* [[Common Object Request Broker Architecture|CORBA]] connectivity
* IBM [[WebSphere MQ]] connectivity

Oracle WebLogic Server Process Edition also includes Business Process Management and Data Mapping functionality. WebLogic supports security policies managed by security administrators. The Oracle WebLogic Server Security Model includes:

* application business logic separated from security code
* complete scope of security coverage for all JavaEE and non-JavaEE components

== Supported open standards==
* [[Java Platform, Enterprise Edition| JavaEE]] 1.3 & 1.4 & 5
**JPA 1.0
* [[Java Authentication and Authorization Service|JAAS]]
* [[XSL Transformations|XSLT]] and [[XQuery]]
* [[ebXML Architecture|ebXML]]
* [[Business Process Execution Language|BPEL]] & BPEL-J
* [[JMX]] and [[Simple Network Management Protocol|SNMP]]
* Native support for:
** [[SOAP]]
** [[Web Services Description Language|WSDL]]
** [[Universal Description Discovery and Integration|UDDI]]
** [[WS-Security]]
** [[Web Services for Remote Portlets|WSRP]]

== See also ==
* [[Comparison of application servers]]

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
* [http://www.oracle.com/ Oracle Corp]
* [http://news.com.com/BEA+aims+for+app+server+market/2100-1001_3-216001.html BEA acquires WebLogic, Inc.]
* [http://www.fusionspy.com/ WebLogic Monitor Tools]
* [http://www.java-interview.com/Weblogic_Interview_Questions.html WebLogic interview questions]
* [http://www.performanceengineer.com/monitoring/monitoring-weblogic-using-jmx-2.html Monitoring WebLogic using JMX]
* [http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/weblogic/index.html WebLogic Server at Oraclecom]
* [http://www.peoplesoftexpert.com/mediawiki/index.php/Bea_Tuxedo Debugging and troubleshooting WebLogic]
* [http://web.solidcore.com/file-integrity-monitoring WebLogic File Integrity Monitoring]

[[Category:Web server software|WebLogic]]
[[Category:Java enterprise platform]]
[[Category:BEA Systems|WebLogic]]
[[Category:Service-oriented architecture related products]]
[[Category:Oracle software]]

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Anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltung

2008-10-08T19:40:27Z

Qu3a: Änderung 51595571 von 81.168.226.15 wurde rückgängig gemacht. (spam)

Eine '''Anwendungsspezifische Integrierte Schaltung''' (engl. '''application specific integrated circuit''', '''ASIC'''), auch '''Custom-Chip''', ist eine [[elektronische Schaltung]], die als [[Integrierter Schaltkreis|integrierter Schaltkreis]] realisiert wurde. Die Funktion eines ASICs ist damit nicht mehr manipulierbar, die Herstellungskosten sind dafür geringer. ASICs werden weltweit von vielen Herstellern nach [[Kundenanforderung]] gefertigt und normalerweise nur an diese geliefert. Dadurch unterscheidet sich das ASIC von anderen Mikrochips in Fabrikation und [[Chipentwurf|Entwurf]]. Wird ein als ASIC entwickelter Baustein am Markt verkauft, spricht man häufig von einem [[Applikationsspezifische Standardprodukte|anwendungsspezifischen Standardprodukt]] (ASSP).

ASICs finden Verwendung in vielen verschiedenen elektronischen Geräten, vom Radiowecker bis zum Hochleistungsrechner. Der Grund für die Entwicklung solcher ICs, welche oft sogar nur für eine einzige bestimmte Modellreihe entworfen werden, ist vor allem bei hohen Fertigungsstückzahlen die Kostenersparnis gegenüber dem diskreten Aufbau von [[Schaltkreis]]en aus einzelnen [[Transistor]]en oder [[Transistor-Transistor-Logik|TTL]]-Bausteinen. Bei digitalen ASICs handelt es sich um ICs die für einen speziellen Einsatzzweck entworfen wurden, meist arbeiten diese Bausteine entweder platz-, verbrauchs-, kosten- oder leistungsoptimiert.

Rein digitale ASICs integrieren eine große Zahl von Logikfunktionen, die sonst aus diversen Standardbausteinen wie [[Prozessor (Hardware)|Prozessor]], [[Logikfamilie]]n (z. B. [[74xx]]) oder ähnlichen Bausteinen zusammengestellt werden müssten. Mixed-signal-ASICs enthalten zusätzlich zu den digitalen Schaltkreisen auch analoge Schaltungen wie z. B. [[Analog-Digital-Umsetzer|Analog-Digital-Wandler]], [[Phase-locked_loop| PLL]]s, etc.

ASICs werden vor allem für in Großserien gebaute Geräte zur Kostensenkung verwendet. Ein Großteil der heutzutage hergestellten [[Integrierter Schaltkreis|Chips]] sind anwendungsspezifisch, wie zum Beispiel die Prozessoren in Mobiltelefonen zur Kodierung von Signalen oder zur Aufbereitung von Daten. Der Unterschied zu [[Programmable Logic Device|PLDs]] und [[FPGA]]s besteht darin, dass die Funktionalität des anwendungsspezifischen ICs vom Hersteller eindeutig festgelegt werden muss und somit fest vorgegeben ist. Die interne Schaltung kann vom Anwender nicht mehr verändert werden. Es gibt auch ASIC-Varianten, auf denen Mikroprozessoren oder Signalprozessoren integriert sind (''[[System on a Chip]]''), wodurch eine gewisse Flexibilität für den Anwender durch die darauf ablaufende [[Software]] erreicht werden kann.

Die bekannten [[Hauptprozessor|CPU]]s ([[Intel]] [[Pentium]], [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]] [[Athlon]], etc.) sind hingegen universelle integrierte Schaltungen, die eine Vielzahl verschiedener Aufgaben bewältigen können. Das hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass diese Aufgaben nicht optimal abgearbeitet werden: Energieverbrauch, Datendurchsatz, Chip-Fläche, Taktfrequenz und andere Zielparameter sind in bestimmten Anwendungen höher als mit einem spezialisierten Baustein.

Eine CPU, die nur für eine bestimmte Aufgabe hergestellt wird, nennt sich [[Application-specific instruction-set processor]] (ASIP).

Wegen der Anpassung ihrer Architektur auf ein spezifisches Problem, arbeiten ASICs sehr effizient und um einiges schneller als eine funktionsgleiche Umsetzung per [[Software]] in einem [[Mikrocontroller]]. In einem Mobiltelefon hat das zum Beispiel den Vorteil, dass der Akku länger hält und das Gerät kompakter ist.

Durch ihre Exklusivität verhindern ASICs Nachbauten. Für Bastler und Service-Werkstätten sind ASICs oft ein großes Problem, da sie normalerweise nicht mehr produziert werden, nachdem die Herstellung eines Gerätes eingestellt wurde. Sind die Restbestände aufgebraucht, ist in der Regel eine Reparatur nur noch durch Entnahme der ASICs aus Geräten mit anderweitigen Defekten möglich.

Zum Designen von ASICs verwendet man heute [[Electronic Design Automation]] (EDA) - Software.

== Anwendungsbeispiele ==
* [[Grafikprozessor]]en
* [[Agnus_(Amiga)|Agnus]] (ASIC im Commodore [[Amiga]])
* [[Sinclair Computer Logic]]

[[Kategorie:Halbleiterbauelement]]

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[[ko:주문형 반도체]]
[[nn:ASIC]]
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[[vi:ASIC]]

Altweiberknoten

2008-08-19T20:54:11Z

Qu3a: interwiki pl

{{Infobox Knoten
| Name = Altweiberknoten
| Bild = Oudewijvenknoop.svg
| Ashley = 464, 1206, 1405
| Typ = Häufigstes falsches Ergebnis beim Versuch einen Kreuzknoten zu binden
| Zweck =
| Festigkeit =
| Synonyme = Hausfrauenknoten, falscher Schuhknoten
| Englisch = Granny knot, False knot, Lubber's knot, Calf knot, Booby knot
}}

Der '''Altweiberknoten''', auch „Hausfrauenknoten“ genannt, ist ein falsch geknüpfter [[Kreuzknoten]].

Viele Menschen binden so ihre Schuhe und ärgern sich, dass der Knoten nicht hält. Siehe [[Schleife (Knoten)|Schuhknoten]].

Beim [[Macrame]] und [[Platting]] werden mit dem Altweiberknoten spiralige Muster erzeugt.

[[Kategorie:Knotenkunde]]

[[en:Granny knot]]
[[pl:Węzeł babski]]
[[ru:Бабий узел]]