https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Python+eggsWikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]2025-07-12T22:17:26ZBenutzerbeiträgeMediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.9https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang%E2%80%99e_5&diff=185938738Chang’e 52012-09-12T06:53:56Z<p>Python eggs: gramma</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox spacecraft<br />
| Name = Chang'e 5<br>嫦娥五号<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| Organization = {{flagicon|China}} [[China National Space Administration|CNSA]]<br />
| mission_identifier =<br />
| organisation =<br />
| major_contractors =<br />
| bus =<br />
| Mission_Type = Surface sample return<br />
| launch_date = 2017<br />
| launch_vehicle =<br />
| launch_site =<br />
| mission_duration =<br />
| Planet = [[Moon]]<br />
| LunarLandingDate = 2017<br />
| Main_Instruments =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chang'e 5''' will be a [[China|Chinese]] [[lunar exploration]] mission current scheduled for launch in 2017. Chang'e 5 will be China's first [[sample return mission]], aim to return at least 2 kilograms of lunar soil and rock samples back to the Earth. The probe will be launched by Long March 5 rocket in [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center]] on Hainan Island. After making a soft landing on the Moon, the lander will dig and collect lunar sample from up to 2 meters below the surface. The lander will carry engineer landing cameras, optical cameras, lunar mineral spectrometer, lunar soil gas analytical instrument, lunar soil composition analytical instrument, sampling sectional thermodetector, and a robotic drilling rig. Unlike earlier Soviet missions, the mission will make [[Lunar orbit rendezvous|an automatic rendezvous]] and docking with the return module in lunar orbit before flying back to the Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/12/256719.shtm|title=欧阳自远院士描绘嫦娥工程后续蓝图|author=张巧玲|publisher=[[科学时报]]|date=2011年12月9日|language=Chinese}}</ref><ref>http://www.asianscientist.com/topnews/china-unmanned-moon-mission-to-bring-back-lunar-soil-2012/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Moon spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese space program}}<br />
{{Future spaceflights}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chang'e 5}}<br />
[[Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program]]<br />
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]<br />
[[Category:Sample return missions]]<br />
[[Category:Unmanned spacecraft]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in spaceflight]]<br />
[[Category:Robots of China]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in China]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{China-spacecraft-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[zh:嫦娥五号]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang%E2%80%99e_5&diff=185938733Chang’e 52012-06-27T07:07:29Z<p>Python eggs: rm {{Lunar rovers}}</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox spacecraft<br />
| Name = Chang'e 5<br>嫦娥五号<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| Organization = {{flagicon|China}} [[China National Space Administration|CNSA]]<br />
| mission_identifier =<br />
| organisation =<br />
| major_contractors =<br />
| bus =<br />
| Mission_Type = Surface sample return<br />
| launch_date = 2017<br />
| launch_vehicle =<br />
| launch_site =<br />
| mission_duration =<br />
| Planet = [[Moon]]<br />
| LunarLandingDate = 2017<br />
| Main_Instruments =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chang'e 5''' will be a [[China|Chinese]] [[lunar exploration]] mission current scheduled for launch in 2017. Chang'e 5 will be China's first lunar sample return mission, aim to return at least 2 kilograms of lunar soil and rock samples back to the Earth. The probe will be launched by Long March 5 rocket in [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center]] on Hainan Island. After making a soft landing on the Moon, the lander will dig and collect lunar sample from up to 2 meters below the surface. The lander will carry engineer landing cameras, optical cameras, lunar mineral spectrometer, lunar soil gas analytical instrument, lunar soil composition analytical instrument, sampling sectional thermodetector, and a robotic drilling rig. Unlike earlier Soviet missions, the mission will make [[Lunar orbit rendezvous|an automatic rendezvous]] and docking with the return module on lunar orbit before flying back to the Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/12/256719.shtm|title=欧阳自远院士描绘嫦娥工程后续蓝图|author=张巧玲|publisher=[[科学时报]]|date=2011年12月9日|language=Chinese}}</ref><ref>http://www.asianscientist.com/topnews/china-unmanned-moon-mission-to-bring-back-lunar-soil-2012/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Moon spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese space program}}<br />
{{Future spaceflights}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chang'e 5}}<br />
[[Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program]]<br />
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]<br />
[[Category:Unmanned spacecraft]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in spaceflight]]<br />
[[Category:Robots of China]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:嫦娥五号]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang%E2%80%99e_5&diff=185938732Chang’e 52012-06-27T07:05:31Z<p>Python eggs: expansion and new refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox spacecraft<br />
| Name = Chang'e 5<br>嫦娥五号<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| Organization = {{flagicon|China}} [[China National Space Administration|CNSA]]<br />
| mission_identifier =<br />
| organisation =<br />
| major_contractors =<br />
| bus =<br />
| Mission_Type = Surface sample return<br />
| launch_date = 2017<br />
| launch_vehicle =<br />
| launch_site =<br />
| mission_duration =<br />
| Planet = [[Moon]]<br />
| LunarLandingDate = 2017<br />
| Main_Instruments =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chang'e 5''' will be a [[China|Chinese]] [[lunar exploration]] mission current scheduled for launch in 2017. Chang'e 5 will be China's first lunar sample return mission, aim to return at least 2 kilograms of lunar soil and rock samples back to the Earth. The probe will be launched by Long March 5 rocket in [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center]] on Hainan Island. After making a soft landing on the Moon, the lander will dig and collect lunar sample from up to 2 meters below the surface. The lander will carry engineer landing cameras, optical cameras, lunar mineral spectrometer, lunar soil gas analytical instrument, lunar soil composition analytical instrument, sampling sectional thermodetector, and a robotic drilling rig. Unlike earlier Soviet missions, the mission will make [[Lunar orbit rendezvous|an automatic rendezvous]] and docking with the return module on lunar orbit before flying back to the Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/12/256719.shtm|title=欧阳自远院士描绘嫦娥工程后续蓝图|author=张巧玲|publisher=[[科学时报]]|date=2011年12月9日|language=Chinese}}</ref><ref>http://www.asianscientist.com/topnews/china-unmanned-moon-mission-to-bring-back-lunar-soil-2012/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Lunar rovers}}<br />
{{Moon spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese space program}}<br />
{{Future spaceflights}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chang'e 5}}<br />
[[Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program]]<br />
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]<br />
[[Category:Unmanned spacecraft]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in spaceflight]]<br />
[[Category:Robots of China]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:嫦娥五号]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang%E2%80%99e_5&diff=185938730Chang’e 52012-06-19T20:44:44Z<p>Python eggs: corrected defaultsort</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox spacecraft<br />
| Name = Chang'e 5<br>嫦娥五号<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| Organization = {{flagicon|China}} [[China National Space Administration|CNSA]]<br />
| mission_identifier =<br />
| organisation =<br />
| major_contractors =<br />
| bus =<br />
| Mission_Type = Surface sample return<br />
| launch_date = 2017<br />
| launch_vehicle =<br />
| launch_site =<br />
| mission_duration =<br />
| Planet = [[Moon]]<br />
| LunarLandingDate = 2017<br />
| Main_Instruments =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chang'e 5''' will be a [[China|Chinese]] [[lunar exploration]] mission current scheduled for launch in 2017. Chang'e 5 will be China's first lunar sample return mission, aim to return at least 100 grams of lunar soil and rock samples back to the Earth. The probe will be launched in [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center]] by Long March 5 rocket on Hainan Island, and make a soft landing on the Moon. The lander will carry engineer landing cameras, optical cameras, lunar mineral spectrometer, lunar soil gas analytical instrument, lunar soil composition analytical instrument, sampling sectional thermodetector, and a robotic drilling rig. Unlike earlier Soviet missions, the mission will take off from lunar surface, make an automatic dock with the return module on lunar orbit before flying back to the Earth.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Lunar rovers}}<br />
{{Moon spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese space program}}<br />
{{Future spaceflights}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chang'e 5}}<br />
[[Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program]]<br />
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]<br />
[[Category:Unmanned spacecraft]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in spaceflight]]<br />
[[Category:Robots of China]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:嫦娥五号]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang%E2%80%99e_5&diff=185938729Chang’e 52012-06-19T20:44:25Z<p>Python eggs: new page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox spacecraft<br />
| Name = Chang'e 5<br>嫦娥五号<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| Organization = {{flagicon|China}} [[China National Space Administration|CNSA]]<br />
| mission_identifier =<br />
| organisation =<br />
| major_contractors =<br />
| bus =<br />
| Mission_Type = Surface sample return<br />
| launch_date = 2017<br />
| launch_vehicle =<br />
| launch_site =<br />
| mission_duration =<br />
| Planet = [[Moon]]<br />
| LunarLandingDate = 2017<br />
| Main_Instruments =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chang'e 5''' will be a [[China|Chinese]] [[lunar exploration]] mission current scheduled for launch in 2017. Chang'e 5 will be China's first lunar sample return mission, aim to return at least 100 grams of lunar soil and rock samples back to the Earth. The probe will be launched in [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center]] by Long March 5 rocket on Hainan Island, and make a soft landing on the Moon. The lander will carry engineer landing cameras, optical cameras, lunar mineral spectrometer, lunar soil gas analytical instrument, lunar soil composition analytical instrument, sampling sectional thermodetector, and a robotic drilling rig. Unlike earlier Soviet missions, the mission will take off from lunar surface, make an automatic dock with the return module on lunar orbit before flying back to the Earth.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Lunar rovers}}<br />
{{Moon spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese spacecraft}}<br />
{{Chinese space program}}<br />
{{Future spaceflights}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chang'e 3}}<br />
[[Category:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program]]<br />
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]<br />
[[Category:Unmanned spacecraft]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in spaceflight]]<br />
[[Category:Robots of China]]<br />
[[Category:2017 in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:嫦娥五号]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969532Bahnhof Tanggula2009-08-03T13:05:52Z<p>Python eggs: as of 2009</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tibetan-Chinese-box|t=|w=|ipa=|z=|thdl=|e=|tc=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=T&#225;ngg&#468;l&#257;zh&#224;n}}<br />
[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
<br />
The '''Tanggula railway station''' ({{zh-stp|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station located in [[Amdo County]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms. <br />
<br />
{{coord|32|53|05|N|91|55|06|E|display=title}}<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and makes it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25&nbsp;km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours<ref>http://www.tangula.com.cn/</ref>, a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2009, no passenger transport service was available. Passenger trains stopped at the station but without carriage doors opening.<br />
<br />
== Highest train stations of the world ==<br />
{{Highest train stations of the world}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula North|next=Tanggula South}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Amdo]]<br />
<br />
{{PRChina-rail-station-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[fi:Tanggulan rautatieasema]]<br />
[[it:Stazione di Tanggula]]<br />
[[sv:Tanggulas järnvägsstation]]<br />
[[ja:タングラ駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969521Bahnhof Tanggula2009-02-27T02:18:56Z<p>Python eggs: coord title</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tibetan-Chinese-box|t=|w=|ipa=|z=|thdl=|e=|tc=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=T&#225;ngg&#468;l&#257;zh&#224;n}}<br />
[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{zh-stp|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), near the border of Qinghai, [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms. <br />
<br />
{{coord|32|53|05|N|91|55|06|E|display=title}}<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25&nbsp;km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours<ref>http://www.tangula.com.cn/</ref>, a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
== Highest train stations of the world ==<br />
{{Highest train stations of the world}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Amdo]]<br />
<br />
{{PRChina-rail-station-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:タングラ駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969518Bahnhof Tanggula2009-02-25T13:45:03Z<p>Python eggs: template</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tibetan-Chinese-box|t=|w=|ipa=|z=|thdl=|e=|tc=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=T&#225;ngg&#468;l&#257;zh&#224;n}}<br />
[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{zh-stp|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), near the border of Qinghai, [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25&nbsp;km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours<ref>http://www.tangula.com.cn/</ref>, a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
== Highest train stations of the world ==<br />
{{Highest train stations of the world}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|China}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Amdo]]<br />
<br />
{{PRChina-rail-station-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:タングラ駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969517Bahnhof Tanggula2009-02-25T13:44:09Z<p>Python eggs: new template</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tibetan-Chinese-box|t=|w=|ipa=|z=|thdl=|e=|tc=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=T&#225;ngg&#468;l&#257;zh&#224;n}}<br />
[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{zh-stp|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), near the border of Qinghai, [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25&nbsp;km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours<ref>http://www.tangula.com.cn/</ref>, a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 1 || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|5068|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Tanggula North Railway Station|Tanggula North]]''' || align="left" rowspan="2" | {{m to ft|4950|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" | '''[[Tanggula South Railway Station|Tanggula South]]''' || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 4 || align="left" | '''[[Tuoju Railway Station|Tuoju]] || {{m to ft|4890|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 5 || align="left" | '''[[Zhajiazangbu Railway Station|Zhajiazangbu]] || {{m to ft|4886|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 6 || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4829|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 7 || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || {{m to ft|4823|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 8 || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4786|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 9 || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4781|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 10 || align="left" | '''[[Jiangkedong railway station|Jiangkedong]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4778|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|China}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Amdo]]<br />
<br />
{{PRChina-rail-station-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:タングラ駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969516Bahnhof Tanggula2009-02-25T13:42:47Z<p>Python eggs: /* Highest train stations of the world */ more station, this list is now complete for the Xining-Golmod-Lhasa line</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Tibetan-Chinese-box|t=|w=|ipa=|z=|thdl=|e=|tc=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=T&#225;ngg&#468;l&#257;zh&#224;n}}<br />
[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{zh-stp|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), near the border of Qinghai, [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25&nbsp;km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours<ref>http://www.tangula.com.cn/</ref>, a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
==Highest train stations of the world==<br />
{{Incomplete|date=February 2009}}<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 1 || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|5068|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" rowspan="2" | <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Tanggula North Railway Station|Tanggula North]]''' || align="left" rowspan="2" | {{m to ft|4950|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" | '''[[Tanggula South Railway Station|Tanggula South]]''' || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 4 || align="left" | '''[[Tuoju Railway Station|Tuoju]] || {{m to ft|4890|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 5 || align="left" | '''[[Zhajiazangbu Railway Station|Zhajiazangbu]] || {{m to ft|4886|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 6 || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4829|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 7 || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || {{m to ft|4823|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 8 || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4786|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 9 || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4781|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" | 10 || align="left" | '''[[Jiangkedong railway station|Jiangkedong]]''' || align="left" | {{m to ft|4778|abbr=yes}} || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|China}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Amdo]]<br />
<br />
{{PRChina-rail-station-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:タングラ駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969506Bahnhof Tanggula2008-11-15T07:07:46Z<p>Python eggs: revert, see talk</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), near the border of Qinghai, [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours[http://www.tangula.com.cn/], a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
==Highest train stations of the world==<br />
{{incomplete}}<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>1</center> || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | 5,068 m / 16,500 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Tuoju Railway Station|Tuoju]] || 4,890 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>3</center> || align="left" | '''[[Zhajiazangbu Railway Station|Zhajiazangbu]] || 4,886 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>4</center> || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | 4,829 m / 15,8xx ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>5</center> || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || 4,823 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>6</center> || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | 4,786 m / 15,700 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>7</center> || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | 4,781 m / 15,686 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:唐古拉駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969500Bahnhof Tanggula2008-11-14T15:26:46Z<p>Python eggs: revert. It is in Xizang.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), near the border of Qinghai, [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours[http://www.tangula.com.cn/], a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
==Highest train stations of the world==<br />
{{incomplete}}<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>1</center> || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | 5,068 m / 16,500 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Tuoju Railway Station|Tuoju]] || 4,890 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>3</center> || align="left" | '''[[Zhajiazangbu Railway Station|Zhajiazangbu]] || 4,886 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>4</center> || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | 4,829 m / 15,8xx ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>5</center> || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || 4,823 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>6</center> || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | 4,786 m / 15,700 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>7</center> || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | 4,781 m / 15,686 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:唐古拉駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969495Bahnhof Tanggula2008-11-14T11:00:35Z<p>Python eggs: /* 4 highest train stations of the world */ rename title</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours[http://www.tangula.com.cn/], a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
==Highest train stations of the world==<br />
{{incomplete}}<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>1</center> || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | 5,068 m / 16,500 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Tuoju Railway Station|Tuoju]] || 4,890 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>3</center> || align="left" | '''[[Zhajiazangbu Railway Station|Zhajiazangbu]] || 4,886 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>4</center> || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | 4,829 m / 15,8xx ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>5</center> || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || 4,823 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>6</center> || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | 4,786 m / 15,700 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>7</center> || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | 4,781 m / 15,686 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:唐古拉駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969494Bahnhof Tanggula2008-11-14T10:58:08Z<p>Python eggs: Added another two, still incomplete</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours[http://www.tangula.com.cn/], a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
==4 highest train stations of the world==<br />
{{incomplete}}<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>1</center> || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | 5,068 m / 16,500 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Tuoju Railway Station|Tuoju]] || 4,890 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>3</center> || align="left" | '''[[Zhajiazangbu Railway Station|Zhajiazangbu]] || 4,886 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>4</center> || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | 4,829 m / 15,8xx ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>5</center> || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || 4,823 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>6</center> || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | 4,786 m / 15,700 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>7</center> || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | 4,781 m / 15,686 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:唐古拉駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969492Bahnhof Tanggula2008-11-14T10:52:11Z<p>Python eggs: /* 4 highest train stations of the world */ No, this list is not complete. Add one...</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has three rails and two served by two platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours[http://www.tangula.com.cn/], a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
==4 highest train stations of the world==<br />
{|<br />
| valign="top" |<br />
{| class="prettytable" <br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | N<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Station<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Elevation<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Country<br />
! style="background:#efefef;" | Rail ine<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>1</center> || align="left" | '''Tanggula''' || align="left" | 5,068 m / 16,500 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>2</center> || align="left" | '''[[Ticlio]]''' || align="left" | 4,829 m / 15,8xx ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>3</center> || align="left" | '''[[Buqiangge Railway Station|Buqiangge]] || 4,823 m || align="left" | {{Flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China|China]] || align="left" | [[Qingzang railway|Xining-Golmud-Lhasa]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>4</center> || align="left" | '''[[Cóndor station|Cóndor]]''' || align="left" | 4,786 m / 15,700 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]] || align="left" | [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line|Rio Mulatos-Potosí]]<br />
|-----<br />
| <center>5</center> || align="left" | '''[[Galera railway station|Galera]]''' || align="left" | 4,781 m / 15,686 ft || align="left" | {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] || align="left" | [[Lima-Huancayo line|Lima-Cuzco-Huancayo]]<br />
|-----<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[eo:Tanggula fervoja stacio]]<br />
[[ja:唐古拉駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969485Bahnhof Tanggula2008-10-20T03:28:38Z<p>Python eggs: /* Highest train stations of the world */ this list is *very* incomplete, there are more than 20 stations along the Qinghai-Tibet line with altitude above 4,500 meters</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731061434 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station building]]<br />
[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Tanggula railway station platform]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (Xizang), [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The railway station has got 3 rails and two served by 2 platforms.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
This unstaffed station on the [[Qingzang railway]] opened for service on [[July 1]], [[2006]]. [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5,068 meters above sea level, surpassing [[Ticlio]] ([[Peru]]), at 4,829 m, [[Cóndor station]], at 4,786 m, on the [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]] in [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], and make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometer away from the [[Tanggula Pass|highest point]] of rail track at 5,072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long and covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station was specially chosen for the view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008, Tangula Railtours[http://www.tangula.com.cn/], a joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp., will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service is available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
* [[Qingzang railway]]<br />
* [[List of stations on Qingzang railway]]<br />
<br />
{{s-rail-start}}<br />
{{s-rail|title=CR}}<br />
{{s-line|system=CR|line=Qingzang|previous=Tanggula north|next=Tanggula south}}<br />
{{end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:唐古拉駅]]<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dihangschluchten&diff=50639190Dihangschluchten2008-07-08T05:36:27Z<p>Python eggs: +zhname</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tsangpo.gorge.GIF|right|thumb|300 px|Tsangpo Gorge, in center is Mount [[Namcha Barwa]]]]<br />
The '''Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon''' (Simplified Chinese: 雅鲁藏布大峡谷) or the '''Tsangpo Gorge''' is a deep, long canyon in China. The [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]], usually just called "Zangbo" (also spelled "Tsangpo", meaning "purifier"), originates from [[Mount Kailash]] and running east for about 1700 km drains a northern section of the [[Himalayas]] before its enters the gorge near [[Pe]], Tibet. The canyon has a length of about 150 miles as the gorge bends around Mount [[Namcha Barwa]] (7756 m) and cuts its way through the eastern Himalayan range. Its waters drop from 3,000 m near Pe to about 300 m at the end of the gorge. After this passage the river enters [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India, and eventually becomes the [[Brahmaputra]].<ref>{{citebook|title=Tibetan Geography|pages=30-31|authors=Yang Qinye and Zheng Du|publisher=China Intercontinental Press|id=ISBN 7508506650|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4q_XoMACOxkC&pg=PA30&ots=SPF7WPsv8p&dq=%22South+Tibet+Valley%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=cQUrmaN5XEoHuoEIcfs8aJpkKEY}}</ref><ref>Zheng Du, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Shaohong: ''Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau'' (Kluwer 2000), ISBN 0-7923-6688-3, p. 312;</ref><br />
[[Image:IMG 0839 Yarlong Tsangpo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung River]] in [[Tibet]]]]<br />
<br />
==Ecosystem==<br />
The gorge has a unique [[ecosystem]] with species of animals and plants barely explored and affected by human influence. Its climate ranges from subtropical to arctic. The rare [[takin]] is one of the animals hunted by the local tribes. <br />
==The "Everest of Rivers”==<br />
Since the 1990’s the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]] has been the destination of a number of teams that engage in exploration and whitewater kayaking. The river has been called the “Everest of Rivers” because of the extreme conditions of the river.<ref>[http://outside.away.com/outside/system/pressroom/tsangpo_press_release.html Press release of successful kayak run]</ref> The first attempt to run was made in 1993 by a Japanese group who lost one member on the river.<br />
<br />
In October 1998, a [[kayaking]] expedition sponsored by the [[National Geographic Society]] attempted to navigate the Tsangpo Gorge. Troubled by unanticipated high water levels, the expedition ended in tragedy when expert kayaker Doug Gordon lost his life.<ref>Wickliffe W. Walker: "Courting The Diamond Sow : A Whitewater Expedition on Tibet's Forbidden River", National Geographic, 2000</ref><br />
The largest waterfall of the river, the "Hidden Falls" of the Tsangpo Gorge, was not reached by outside explorers until 1998, by a team consisting of Ken Storm, Hamid Sarder, Ian Baker and their Monpa guides.<ref>[http://www.tew.org/archived/waterfalls.html Discovery of "Hidden Falls"]</ref> They estimated the height of the falls to be about 108 feet. The falls, which, along with the rest of the Pemako area, are considered a sacred site by Tibetan Buddhists, had been concealed until then from outsiders, including the Chinese authorities.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Heart of the World|author=Ian Baker|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January-February, [[2002]], an international group consisting of Scott Lindgren, Steve Fisher, Mike Abbott, Allan Ellard, Dustin Knapp, and Johnnie and Willie Kern, completed the first descent of the upper Tsangpo gorge section.<ref>[http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/liquid_thunder_1.html Story by Outside]</ref><br />
<br />
Its beauty, remoteness, and mystique make it one of the places thought to have inspired the notion of ''[[Shangri-La]]'' in [[James Hilton]]'s book ''[[Lost Horizon (novel)|Lost Horizon]]'' in [[1933]].<ref>[http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/misr/misr_html/yarlang_tsangpo.html Satellite photo and facts]</ref><br />
<br />
==Yarlung Tsangpo Hydroelectric and Water Diversion Project==<br />
{{future building|Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon}}<br />
While the government of the [[PRC]] has declared the establishment of a "Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon National Reservation", there have also been governmental plans and feasibility studies for a major dam to harness [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] and divert water to other areas in China. The size of the dam in the Tsongpo gorge would exceed that of [[Three Gorges Dam]] as it is anticipated that such a plant would generate 40,000 megawatts electricity, more than twice the output of Three Gorges. It has been estimated that construction may start in 2009. It is feared that there will be displacement of local populations, destruction of ecosystems, and an impact for downstream people in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[http://www.tibetjustice.org/reports/hydrologic.pdf Analysis of Tsangpo Hydroelectric Project, page 21]</ref> The project is criticized by India because of its negative impact upon the residents downstream.<ref>[http://www.tew.org/editorial-oped/trin-gyi-pho-nya/0104.html Indian criticism of hydro-dam project]</ref> Analysts think that the livelihood of up to 100 million people could be at stake and therefore voice fears that the completion of the water diversion component of the project could sparkle an Indian-Chinese [[water war]] if no proper management is taking place.<ref>[http://upiasiaonline.com/Security/2008/05/13/chinas_future_water_war_with_india/3300/|China's future water war with India|UPI Asia Online|May 13, 2008]</ref><br />
However, another type of dam, the inflatable, is possible that would obviate any necessity for a huge concrete structure. R.B. Cathcart, in 1999, first suggested a fabric dam—inflatable with freshwater or air—could block the Yarlung Tsangpo Caynon upstream of Namcha Barwa. Water would then be conveyed via a hardrock tunnel to a point downstream from that mountain, affording the generation of tens of thousands of megawatts—power which would have to be distributed internationally and equitably through a Himalayan power grid.<ref>R.B. Cathcart, "Tibetan Power: A unique hydro-electric macroproject servicing India and China", Current Science 77: 854 (10 October 1999).</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refs}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/index.html Into the Tsangpo Gorge (Outside Online)]<br />
*[http://geoeye.com/newsroom/releases/si_Archive/2002_tsangpo.htm IKONOS Satellite Image of "Rainbow Falls" and "Hidden Falls"]<br />
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20050905111216/http://www.chem.utah.edu/chemistry/faculty/miller/millergroup/doug+gordon.htm Douglas Gordon at University of Utah]<br />
*[http://www.tibet.cn/tibetzt/nyingchi/2/2-1.htm Touristic information]<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Wick Walker (2000). ''Courting the Diamond Sow : A Whitewater Expedition on Tibet's Forbidden River''. National Geographic. ISBN 0-7922-7960-3.<br />
*Todd Balf (2001). ''The Last River : The Tragic Race for Shangri-la''. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80801-X. <br />
*Michael Mcrae (2002). ''The Siege of Shangri-La : The Quest for Tibet's Sacred Hidden Paradise''. Broadway. ISBN 0767904850. ISBN-13: 978-0767904858.<br />
*Peter Heller (2004). ''Hell or High Water : Surviving Tibet's Tsangpo River''. Rodale Books. ISBN 1-57954-872-5. <br />
*Ian Baker (2004). ''The Heart of the World : A journey to the last secret place.'' Souvenir Press. ISBN 0-285-63742-8.<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
*Scott Lindgren (2002), "Into the Tsangpo Gorge". Slproductions. ASIN B0006FKL2Q.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Canyons and gorges of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Canyon du Yarlung Zangbo]]<br />
[[ml:സാങ്പോ ഗിരികന്ദരം]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dihangschluchten&diff=50639189Dihangschluchten2008-07-08T05:22:25Z<p>Python eggs: official name</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tsangpo.gorge.GIF|right|thumb|300 px|Tsangpo Gorge, in center is Mount [[Namcha Barwa]]]]<br />
The '''Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon''' or the '''Tsangpo Gorge''' is a deep, long canyon in China. The [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]], usually just called "Zangbo" (also spelled "Tsangpo", meaning "purifier"), originates from [[Mount Kailash]] and running east for about 1700 km drains a northern section of the [[Himalayas]] before its enters the gorge near [[Pe]], Tibet. The canyon has a length of about 150 miles as the gorge bends around Mount [[Namcha Barwa]] (7756 m) and cuts its way through the eastern Himalayan range. Its waters drop from 3,000 m near Pe to about 300 m at the end of the gorge. After this passage the river enters [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India, and eventually becomes the [[Brahmaputra]].<ref>{{citebook|title=Tibetan Geography|pages=30-31|authors=Yang Qinye and Zheng Du|publisher=China Intercontinental Press|id=ISBN 7508506650|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4q_XoMACOxkC&pg=PA30&ots=SPF7WPsv8p&dq=%22South+Tibet+Valley%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=cQUrmaN5XEoHuoEIcfs8aJpkKEY}}</ref><ref>Zheng Du, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Shaohong: ''Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau'' (Kluwer 2000), ISBN 0-7923-6688-3, p. 312;</ref><br />
[[Image:IMG 0839 Yarlong Tsangpo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung River]] in [[Tibet]]]]<br />
<br />
==Ecosystem==<br />
The gorge has a unique [[ecosystem]] with species of animals and plants barely explored and affected by human influence. Its climate ranges from subtropical to arctic. The rare [[takin]] is one of the animals hunted by the local tribes. <br />
==The "Everest of Rivers”==<br />
Since the 1990’s the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]] has been the destination of a number of teams that engage in exploration and whitewater kayaking. The river has been called the “Everest of Rivers” because of the extreme conditions of the river.<ref>[http://outside.away.com/outside/system/pressroom/tsangpo_press_release.html Press release of successful kayak run]</ref> The first attempt to run was made in 1993 by a Japanese group who lost one member on the river.<br />
<br />
In October 1998, a [[kayaking]] expedition sponsored by the [[National Geographic Society]] attempted to navigate the Tsangpo Gorge. Troubled by unanticipated high water levels, the expedition ended in tragedy when expert kayaker Doug Gordon lost his life.<ref>Wickliffe W. Walker: "Courting The Diamond Sow : A Whitewater Expedition on Tibet's Forbidden River", National Geographic, 2000</ref><br />
The largest waterfall of the river, the "Hidden Falls" of the Tsangpo Gorge, was not reached by outside explorers until 1998, by a team consisting of Ken Storm, Hamid Sarder, Ian Baker and their Monpa guides.<ref>[http://www.tew.org/archived/waterfalls.html Discovery of "Hidden Falls"]</ref> They estimated the height of the falls to be about 108 feet. The falls, which, along with the rest of the Pemako area, are considered a sacred site by Tibetan Buddhists, had been concealed until then from outsiders, including the Chinese authorities.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Heart of the World|author=Ian Baker|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January-February, [[2002]], an international group consisting of Scott Lindgren, Steve Fisher, Mike Abbott, Allan Ellard, Dustin Knapp, and Johnnie and Willie Kern, completed the first descent of the upper Tsangpo gorge section.<ref>[http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/liquid_thunder_1.html Story by Outside]</ref><br />
<br />
Its beauty, remoteness, and mystique make it one of the places thought to have inspired the notion of ''[[Shangri-La]]'' in [[James Hilton]]'s book ''[[Lost Horizon (novel)|Lost Horizon]]'' in [[1933]].<ref>[http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/misr/misr_html/yarlang_tsangpo.html Satellite photo and facts]</ref><br />
<br />
==Yarlung Tsangpo Hydroelectric and Water Diversion Project==<br />
{{future building|Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon}}<br />
While the government of the [[PRC]] has declared the establishment of a "Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon National Reservation", there have also been governmental plans and feasibility studies for a major dam to harness [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] and divert water to other areas in China. The size of the dam in the Tsongpo gorge would exceed that of [[Three Gorges Dam]] as it is anticipated that such a plant would generate 40,000 megawatts electricity, more than twice the output of Three Gorges. It has been estimated that construction may start in 2009. It is feared that there will be displacement of local populations, destruction of ecosystems, and an impact for downstream people in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[http://www.tibetjustice.org/reports/hydrologic.pdf Analysis of Tsangpo Hydroelectric Project, page 21]</ref> The project is criticized by India because of its negative impact upon the residents downstream.<ref>[http://www.tew.org/editorial-oped/trin-gyi-pho-nya/0104.html Indian criticism of hydro-dam project]</ref> Analysts think that the livelihood of up to 100 million people could be at stake and therefore voice fears that the completion of the water diversion component of the project could sparkle an Indian-Chinese [[water war]] if no proper management is taking place.<ref>[http://upiasiaonline.com/Security/2008/05/13/chinas_future_water_war_with_india/3300/|China's future water war with India|UPI Asia Online|May 13, 2008]</ref><br />
However, another type of dam, the inflatable, is possible that would obviate any necessity for a huge concrete structure. R.B. Cathcart, in 1999, first suggested a fabric dam—inflatable with freshwater or air—could block the Yarlung Tsangpo Caynon upstream of Namcha Barwa. Water would then be conveyed via a hardrock tunnel to a point downstream from that mountain, affording the generation of tens of thousands of megawatts—power which would have to be distributed internationally and equitably through a Himalayan power grid.<ref>R.B. Cathcart, "Tibetan Power: A unique hydro-electric macroproject servicing India and China", Current Science 77: 854 (10 October 1999).</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refs}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/index.html Into the Tsangpo Gorge (Outside Online)]<br />
*[http://geoeye.com/newsroom/releases/si_Archive/2002_tsangpo.htm IKONOS Satellite Image of "Rainbow Falls" and "Hidden Falls"]<br />
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20050905111216/http://www.chem.utah.edu/chemistry/faculty/miller/millergroup/doug+gordon.htm Douglas Gordon at University of Utah]<br />
*[http://www.tibet.cn/tibetzt/nyingchi/2/2-1.htm Touristic information]<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Wick Walker (2000). ''Courting the Diamond Sow : A Whitewater Expedition on Tibet's Forbidden River''. National Geographic. ISBN 0-7922-7960-3.<br />
*Todd Balf (2001). ''The Last River : The Tragic Race for Shangri-la''. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80801-X. <br />
*Michael Mcrae (2002). ''The Siege of Shangri-La : The Quest for Tibet's Sacred Hidden Paradise''. Broadway. ISBN 0767904850. ISBN-13: 978-0767904858.<br />
*Peter Heller (2004). ''Hell or High Water : Surviving Tibet's Tsangpo River''. Rodale Books. ISBN 1-57954-872-5. <br />
*Ian Baker (2004). ''The Heart of the World : A journey to the last secret place.'' Souvenir Press. ISBN 0-285-63742-8.<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
*Scott Lindgren (2002), "Into the Tsangpo Gorge". Slproductions. ASIN B0006FKL2Q.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Canyons and gorges of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Canyon du Yarlung Zangbo]]<br />
[[ml:സാങ്പോ ഗിരികന്ദരം]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dihangschluchten&diff=50639188Dihangschluchten2008-07-08T05:20:31Z<p>Python eggs: moved Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon to Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tsangpo.gorge.GIF|right|thumb|300 px|Tsangpo Gorge, in center is Mount [[Namcha Barwa]]]]<br />
The '''Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon''', or the '''Tsangpo Gorge''' is a deep, long canyon in [[Tibet]]. The [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]], usually just called "Tsangpo" (meaning "purifier"), originates from [[Mount Kailash]] and running east for about 1700 km drains a northern section of the [[Himalayas]] before its enters the gorge near [[Pe]], Tibet. The canyon has a length of about 150 miles as the gorge bends around Mount [[Namcha Barwa]] (7756 m) and cuts its way through the eastern Himalayan range. Its waters drop from 3,000 m near Pe to about 300 m at the end of the gorge. After this passage the river enters [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India, and eventually becomes the [[Brahmaputra]].<ref>{{citebook|title=Tibetan Geography|pages=30-31|authors=Yang Qinye and Zheng Du|publisher=China Intercontinental Press|id=ISBN 7508506650|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4q_XoMACOxkC&pg=PA30&ots=SPF7WPsv8p&dq=%22South+Tibet+Valley%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=cQUrmaN5XEoHuoEIcfs8aJpkKEY}}</ref><ref>Zheng Du, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Shaohong: ''Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau'' (Kluwer 2000), ISBN 0-7923-6688-3, p. 312;</ref><br />
[[Image:IMG 0839 Yarlong Tsangpo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung River]] in [[Tibet]]]]<br />
<br />
==Ecosystem==<br />
The gorge has a unique [[ecosystem]] with species of animals and plants barely explored and affected by human influence. Its climate ranges from subtropical to arctic. The rare [[takin]] is one of the animals hunted by the local tribes. <br />
==The "Everest of Rivers”==<br />
Since the 1990’s the [[Yarlung Tsangpo River (Tibet)|Yarlung Tsangpo River]] has been the destination of a number of teams that engage in exploration and whitewater kayaking. The river has been called the “Everest of Rivers” because of the extreme conditions of the river.<ref>[http://outside.away.com/outside/system/pressroom/tsangpo_press_release.html Press release of successful kayak run]</ref> The first attempt to run was made in 1993 by a Japanese group who lost one member on the river.<br />
<br />
In October 1998, a [[kayaking]] expedition sponsored by the [[National Geographic Society]] attempted to navigate the Tsangpo Gorge. Troubled by unanticipated high water levels, the expedition ended in tragedy when expert kayaker Doug Gordon lost his life.<ref>Wickliffe W. Walker: "Courting The Diamond Sow : A Whitewater Expedition on Tibet's Forbidden River", National Geographic, 2000</ref><br />
The largest waterfall of the river, the "Hidden Falls" of the Tsangpo Gorge, was not reached by outside explorers until 1998, by a team consisting of Ken Storm, Hamid Sarder, Ian Baker and their Monpa guides.<ref>[http://www.tew.org/archived/waterfalls.html Discovery of "Hidden Falls"]</ref> They estimated the height of the falls to be about 108 feet. The falls, which, along with the rest of the Pemako area, are considered a sacred site by Tibetan Buddhists, had been concealed until then from outsiders, including the Chinese authorities.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Heart of the World|author=Ian Baker|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2004}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January-February, [[2002]], an international group consisting of Scott Lindgren, Steve Fisher, Mike Abbott, Allan Ellard, Dustin Knapp, and Johnnie and Willie Kern, completed the first descent of the upper Tsangpo gorge section.<ref>[http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/liquid_thunder_1.html Story by Outside]</ref><br />
<br />
Its beauty, remoteness, and mystique make it one of the places thought to have inspired the notion of ''[[Shangri-La]]'' in [[James Hilton]]'s book ''[[Lost Horizon (novel)|Lost Horizon]]'' in [[1933]].<ref>[http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/misr/misr_html/yarlang_tsangpo.html Satellite photo and facts]</ref><br />
<br />
==Yarlung Tsangpo Hydroelectric and Water Diversion Project==<br />
{{future building|Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon}}<br />
While the government of the [[PRC]] has declared the establishment of a "Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon National Reservation", there have also been governmental plans and feasibility studies for a major dam to harness [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] and divert water to other areas in China. The size of the dam in the Tsongpo gorge would exceed that of [[Three Gorges Dam]] as it is anticipated that such a plant would generate 40,000 megawatts electricity, more than twice the output of Three Gorges. It has been estimated that construction may start in 2009. It is feared that there will be displacement of local populations, destruction of ecosystems, and an impact for downstream people in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[http://www.tibetjustice.org/reports/hydrologic.pdf Analysis of Tsangpo Hydroelectric Project, page 21]</ref> The project is criticized by India because of its negative impact upon the residents downstream.<ref>[http://www.tew.org/editorial-oped/trin-gyi-pho-nya/0104.html Indian criticism of hydro-dam project]</ref> Analysts think that the livelihood of up to 100 million people could be at stake and therefore voice fears that the completion of the water diversion component of the project could sparkle an Indian-Chinese [[water war]] if no proper management is taking place.<ref>[http://upiasiaonline.com/Security/2008/05/13/chinas_future_water_war_with_india/3300/|China's future water war with India|UPI Asia Online|May 13, 2008]</ref><br />
However, another type of dam, the inflatable, is possible that would obviate any necessity for a huge concrete structure. R.B. Cathcart, in 1999, first suggested a fabric dam—inflatable with freshwater or air—could block the Yarlung Tsangpo Caynon upstream of Namcha Barwa. Water would then be conveyed via a hardrock tunnel to a point downstream from that mountain, affording the generation of tens of thousands of megawatts—power which would have to be distributed internationally and equitably through a Himalayan power grid.<ref>R.B. Cathcart, "Tibetan Power: A unique hydro-electric macroproject servicing India and China", Current Science 77: 854 (10 October 1999).</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refs}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://outside.away.com/tsangpo/index.html Into the Tsangpo Gorge (Outside Online)]<br />
*[http://geoeye.com/newsroom/releases/si_Archive/2002_tsangpo.htm IKONOS Satellite Image of "Rainbow Falls" and "Hidden Falls"]<br />
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20050905111216/http://www.chem.utah.edu/chemistry/faculty/miller/millergroup/doug+gordon.htm Douglas Gordon at University of Utah]<br />
*[http://www.tibet.cn/tibetzt/nyingchi/2/2-1.htm Touristic information]<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
*Wick Walker (2000). ''Courting the Diamond Sow : A Whitewater Expedition on Tibet's Forbidden River''. National Geographic. ISBN 0-7922-7960-3.<br />
*Todd Balf (2001). ''The Last River : The Tragic Race for Shangri-la''. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80801-X. <br />
*Michael Mcrae (2002). ''The Siege of Shangri-La : The Quest for Tibet's Sacred Hidden Paradise''. Broadway. ISBN 0767904850. ISBN-13: 978-0767904858.<br />
*Peter Heller (2004). ''Hell or High Water : Surviving Tibet's Tsangpo River''. Rodale Books. ISBN 1-57954-872-5. <br />
*Ian Baker (2004). ''The Heart of the World : A journey to the last secret place.'' Souvenir Press. ISBN 0-285-63742-8.<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
*Scott Lindgren (2002), "Into the Tsangpo Gorge". Slproductions. ASIN B0006FKL2Q.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Canyons and gorges of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Tibet]]<br />
[[Category:Geography of Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Canyon du Yarlung Zangbo]]<br />
[[ml:സാങ്പോ ഗിരികന്ദരം]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hafen_Tianjin&diff=127579637Hafen Tianjin2008-06-21T07:49:32Z<p>Python eggs: rm wrong coordinate</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Port of Tianjin''' or '''Tianjin Port''' is located to the west of [[Bohai Bay]] and in the estuary of the [[Haihe River]]. It is 170 km south east of [[Beijing]] and east of [[Tianjin]] city. It is the start of the [[Asia Euro Rail Bridge]]. It is the largest man made seaport and river port in mainland China.<ref>http://www.ptacn.com/english/abcd.htm</ref><br />
<br />
The port trades with more than 300 ports in 160 countries and regions around the world. It has over 10 regular shipping lines. Tianjin Port includes a [[Free Trade Zone]] which is 5 km² within the port area. The Free Trade Zone helps develop Tianjin as an important transport hub as well as an industrial centre.<ref>http://www.ptacn.com/english/abcd.htm</ref><br />
<br />
Tianjin Port was listed as '''Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited''' [[A shares]] ({{SSE2|600717}}) on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] in [[1996]]. <ref>[http://www.cmhico.com/webappen/article.asp?id=2361 Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited]</ref> It was also listed as '''Tianjin Port Development Holdings Limited''' [[red chip]] stock ({{hkex2|3382}}) on the [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange]] in [[2005]].<ref>[http://finance.google.com/finance?q=HKG:3382 Tianjin Port Development Holdings Ltd.]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
*[[Tianjin Port Holdings]]<br />
*[[Tianjin Port Development]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.tianjin-port.com/ Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited]<br />
*[http://www.tianjinportdev.com/ Tianjin Port Development Holdings Limited]<br />
<br />
{{Ports of China}}<br />
{{Transportation in the People's Republic of China}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ports and harbours of the People's Republic of China]]<br />
[[category:Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:天津港]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahnhof_Tanggula&diff=62969459Bahnhof Tanggula2007-10-08T15:39:29Z<p>Python eggs: new page</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:20060731055605 - 唐古拉站.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|Tanggula railway station]]<br />
'''Tanggula railway station''' ({{CJKV|t=唐古拉站|s=唐古拉站|p=táng gǔ lā zhàn}}) is a railway station in Xizang, China.<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
The station is open for service on July 1, 2006. It is a unstaffed station on [[Qingzang railway]]. The station is located 5068 meters above sea level, surpassing Cóndor station, at 4,786 m, on the Rio Mulatos-Potosí line, [[Bolivia]], and [[Galera railway station|La Galera station]] at 4,781 m in [[Peru]], make it the highest railway station in the world. It is no more than 1 kilometers away from the highest point of rail track at 5072 meters.<br />
<br />
The platform is 1.25 km long, covers 77002 squared meters. There are 3 rail tracks in the station. The location of the station is special chose for better view from the platform.<br />
<br />
In 2008 the [[Tanggula Railtours]] joint venture of RailPartners and Qinghai Tibet Rail Corp will launch a cruise train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass using three specially-built luxury trains.<ref name="rgi">''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' ([[August 30]], [[2007]]). [http://www.railwaygazette.com/news_view/article/2007/08/7729/launching_luxury_on_the_line_to_tibet.html Launching luxury on line to Tibet]. Retrieved [[September 2]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
== Schedules ==<br />
As of 2007, no passenger transport service available. Passenger trains stop at the station but without carriage door open.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Tanggula Pass]]<br />
<br />
<div style="clear: both; margin-top: 2em; text-align: center;">''| [[Tanggula north railway station|Tanggula north]] | '''Tanggula''' | [[Tanggula south station|Tanggula south]] | ...''</div><br />
<br />
{{PRC-struct-stub}}<br />
{{Rail-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Tibet]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:唐古拉站]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Chongzhi&diff=51363911Zu Chongzhi2007-05-13T09:09:51Z<p>Python eggs: Undid revision 129278839 by 199.227.112.41 (talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Zu Chongzhi''' (祖冲之, [[pinyin]] Zǔ Chōngzhī, [[Wade-Giles]] Tsu Ch'ung-chih) ([[429]]–[[500]] AD) was a prominent [[China|Chinese]] [[List of mathematicians|mathematician]] and [[List of astronomers|astronomer]] during the [[Liu Song]] and [[Southern Qi]] Dynasties (of the [[Southern Dynasties]]).<br />
<br />
==Life and works==<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi's ancestors hailed from Qiu district, [[Fanyang]] Commandery (part of modern [[Beijing]]). To flee from the ravages of war, Zu Chongzhi'grandfather Zu Chang moved from [[Hebei]], in north [[China]], to south of the [[Yangtze River]], as part of the massive population movement during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]]. Zu Chang at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" (Dàjiàngqīn) within the [[Song Dynasty (420-479)]] and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu Chongzhi's father also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi was born in Jiankang (today [[Nanjing]]). His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu Chongzhi was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When [[Emperor Xiaowu of Song China|Emperor Xiaowu]] heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the "Huálín Xuéshěng", and later at the Imperial Nanking University (Zongmingguan) to perform research. In [[461]] in Nanxu (today [[Zhenjiang]] in [[Jiangsu]]), he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.<br />
<br />
His mathematical achievements included:<br />
*the [[Daming calendar]] (大明曆) introduced by him in [[465]]. <br />
*distingushing the Sidereal Year and the Tropical Year, and he measured 45 years and 11 months per degree between those two, and today we know the difference is 70.7 years per degree.<br />
*calculating one year as 365.24281481 days, which is very close to 365.24219878 days as we know today.<br />
*calculating the number of overlaps between sun and moon as 27.21223, which is very close to 27.21222 as we know today; using this number he successfully predicted an eclipse four times during 23 years (from 436 to 459).<br />
*calculating the Jupiter year as about 11.858 Earth years, which is very close to 11.862 as we know of today.<br />
*deriving two approximations of [[pi]], which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, with [[Milü|<sup>355</sup>⁄<sub>113</sub>]] (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and [[Proof that 22 over 7 exceeds π|<sup>22</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub>]] (约率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. That is very good for that time, since he used sticks and cut them into a 12,288 sided polygon. No one discovered more of pi until 900 years later.<br />
*finding the volume of a sphere as being 4πr³/3, where r is radius.<br />
*discovering the [[Cavalieri's principle]], 1000 years before [[Bonaventura Cavalieri ]] in the West. <br />
<br />
==The South Pointing Chariot==<br />
<br />
The [[South Pointing Chariot]] device was first invented by the Chinese mechanical engineer Ma Jun (c. [[200]]-[[265]] AD). It was a wheeled vehicle that incorporated an early use of [[differential (mechanical device)|differential gears]] to operate a fixed figurine that would constantly point south, hence enabling one to accurately measure their directional bearings. Hence, this was achieved not by [[magnetic]]s (like in a [[compass]]), but through intricate mechanics, the same design that allows equal amounts of torque applied to wheels rotating at different speeds for the modern [[automobile]]. After the [[Three Kingdoms]] period, the device fell out of use temporarily. However, it was Zu Chongzhi who successfully re-invented it in 478 AD, as described in the texts fo the ''Song Shu'' (c. 500 AD) and the ''Nan Chi Shu'', with a passage from the latter below:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
When [[Emperor Wu of Liu Song]] subdued [[Guanzhong]] he obtained the south-pointing carriage of Yao Xing, but it was only the shell with no machinery inside. Whenever it moved it had to have a man inside to turn (the figure). In the Sheng-Ming reign period, Gao Di commissioned Zi Zu Chongzhi to reconstruct it according to the ancient rules. He accordingly amde new machinery of bronze, which would turn round about without a hitch and indicate the direction with uniformity. Since Ma Jun's time such a thing had not been.<ref name="needham volume 4 part 2 289">Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 289.</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Named for him==<br />
<br />
*The lunar crater [[Tsu_Chung-Chi_(crater)|Tsu Chung-Chi]]<br />
*[[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]] is the name of [[asteroid]] 1964 VO1.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
*[[List of Chinese people]]<br />
*[[List of mathematicians]]<br />
*[[List of astronomers]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
<br />
<div class="references-small"><references/></div><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*Needham, Joseph (1986). ''Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2''. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9384156/Zu-Chongzhi Encyclopedia Britannica's description of Zu Chongzhi]<br />
*[http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26294.htm Zu Chongzhi at Chinaculture.org]<br />
<br />
{{ChineseText}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:429 births]]<br />
[[Category:500 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:5th century mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Liu Song]]<br />
[[Category:Southern Qi]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[es:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[fr:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[zh-classical:祖沖之]]<br />
[[ja:祖沖之]]<br />
[[pt:Tsu Ch'ung Chih]]<br />
[[sl:Ču Čungdži]]<br />
[[zh:祖冲之]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transatlantik-Tunnel&diff=147340912Transatlantik-Tunnel2007-04-03T19:30:12Z<p>Python eggs: /* See also */ +seealso</p>
<hr />
<div>{{future tunnel}}<br />
The '''Transatlantic Tunnel''' is a structure proposed by one of the [[engineering|engineers]] involved in the construction of the [[Channel Tunnel]] beneath the [[English Channel]]. It would be a [[tunnel]] that spans the [[Atlantic Ocean]] between [[New York City]] and [[England]]; the design calls for this tunnel to be raised above the [[ocean]] floor (making it a [[tube]]—not a tunnel); this is unlike most tunnels (which are dug out from beneath the floor of a water body), but like the [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] system's [[Transbay Tube]] in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]. The tunnel would be a 3,100 mile (5,000 km) long [[vacuum]] tube with [[vactrain]]s ([[maglev train]]s) that could travel at speeds up to 5,000 mph (8,000 km/h); at this speed, the travel time between [[New York City|New York]] and [[London]] would be less than one hour. At top speed, the train would travel faster than a [[bullet]] fired from a [[gun]]. The train would be able to reach such a high speed as a result of the lack of [[friction]] and [[air resistance]] in this vacuum-sealed environment.<br />
<br />
An alternative route that was proposed involved the train going (as a tunnel) from [[Newfoundland]] and heading north over the ice sheet of [[Greenland]] and across [[Iceland]] until it reached [[Scotland]]. This route is the cheapest but it is considered to be one of the most difficult due to the adverse weather conditions and ice sheet problems in Greenland, and such a tunnel would lose the vast speed of the mag-lev tube.<br />
<br />
In a future time, reductions in the cost of fabrication might make a tunnel of this sort more practical than today.<br />
<br />
The Transatlantic Tunnel was featured on [[Extreme Engineering]], a television program on the [[Discovery Channel]].<br />
==Construction==<br />
<br />
The Transatlantic Tunnel is proposed to use a submerged floating tunnel which uses the same techniques as that of a submarine. The same idea is also being proposed for cars to use in crossing the [[fjords]] in [[Norway]]. The tunnel would be held in place by using 100,000 large tethering cables. The tunnel would be built using 54,000 prefabricated sections. The sections would consist of a layer of steel surrounding a layer of foam surrounding another layer of steel. If ever built it would be the largest and most expensive construction project in history.<br />
<br />
==Transatlantic tunnels in science fiction==<br />
The [[science fiction]] concept of a transatlantic tunnel is the subject of several works:<br />
<br />
* ''Der Tunnel'', a German novel by the author Bernhard Kellermann, published 1913 in Berlin, see also: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Tunnel (in German) <br />
* ''The Tunnel'', also known as ''Transatlantic Tunnel'', a [[1935]] [[United Kingdom|British]] film directed by [[Maurice Elvey]]. This film starred [[United States|American]] Actor [[Richard Dix]]. It is of note that an original poster for this film was catalogued with an estimated value of between $ 2000 - $ 3000 by Heritage Auction Galleries in [[Dallas]] in the Summer of [[2006]].<br />
* ''A Transatlantic Tunnel, Hurrah!'' (alternative title ''[[Tunnel Through the Deeps]]''), a [[1972]] [[Alternate history (fiction)|alternate history]] novel by [[Harry Harrison]], set in [[1973]], with the premise that the [[American Revolution]] failed. Captain Augustine [[George Washington|Washington]] and Sir Isambard [[Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey|Brassey]]-[[Isambard Kingdom Brunel|Brunel]] get together to link the heart of the [[British Empire]] with its far-flung Atlantic colony in [[North America]]. The book describes a vacuum / maglev system but sitting on the floor of the ocean with a mile-long floating section over a major trench.<br />
* A [[Parody|spoof]] website that purports to describe a tunnel begun in the early years of the [[Second Battle of the Atlantic|Battle of the Atlantic]] to provide an alternative means of supplying the war effort in [[United Kingdom|Britain]].<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Vactrain]]<br />
* [[Archimedes bridge]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/engineering/transatlantictunnel/interactive/interactive.html Discovery Channel documentary on a possible Transatlantic Tunnel]<br />
* [http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/bulletin/2002/summer/bf_04.html Harvard Law Bulletin article on the proposed Boston-Brussels tunnel]<br />
* [http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/nonfiction/transatlantic.htm Review of "A Transatlantic Tunnel, Hurrah!"]<br />
* {{imdb title|id=0027131|title=The Tunnel}}<br />
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[[Category:Megastructures]]<br />
[[Category:Science fiction themes]]<br />
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[[no:Atlanterhavstunnelen (togtunnel)]]<br />
[[pl:Tunel Transatlantycki]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Chongzhi&diff=51363888Zu Chongzhi2007-04-02T16:32:34Z<p>Python eggs: Undid revision 119720674 by 66.30.60.157 (talk)</p>
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<div>[[Image:Zu Chongzhi.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
'''Zu Chongzhi''' (祖冲之, [[pinyin]] Zǔ Chōngzhī, [[Wade-Giles]] Tsu Ch'ung-chih) ([[429]]–[[500]]) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[List of mathematicians|mathematician]] and [[List of astronomers|astronomer]] during the [[Liu Song]] and [[Southern Qi]] Dynasties (of the [[Southern Dynasties]]).<br />
<br />
His ancestors hailed from Qiu district, [[Fanyang]] Commandery (part of modern [[Beijing]]). To flee from the ravages of war, Zu Chongzhi'grandfather Zu Chang moved from [[Hebei]], in north [[China]], to south of the [[Yangtze River]], as part of the massive population movement during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]]. Zu Chang at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" (Dàjiàngqīn) within the [[Song Dynasty (420-479)]] and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu Chongzhi's father also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi was born in Jiankang (today [[Nanjing]]). His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu Chongzhi was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When [[Emperor Xiaowu of Song China|Emperor Xiaowu]] heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the "Huálín Xuéshěng", and later at the Imperial Nanking University (Zongmingguan) to perform research. In [[461]] in Nanxu (today [[Zhenjiang]] in [[Jiangsu]]), he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.<br />
<br />
His achievements included:<br />
*the [[Daming calendar]] (大明曆) introduced by him in [[465]]. <br />
*distingushing the Sidereal Year and the Tropical Year, and he measured 45 years and 11 months per degree between those two, and today we know the difference is 70.7 years per degree.<br />
*calculating one year as 365.24281481 days, which is very close to 365.24219878 days as we know today.<br />
*calculating the number of overlaps between sun and moon as 27.21223, which is very close to 27.21222 as we know today; using this number he successfully predicted an eclipse four times during 23 years (from 436 to 459).<br />
*calculating the Jupiter year is about 11.858 Earth year, which is very close to 11.862 as we know today.<br />
*deriving two approximations of [[pi]], which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, with [[Milü|<sup>355</sup>⁄<sub>113</sub>]] (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and [[Proof that 22 over 7 exceeds π|<sup>22</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub>]] (约率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. That is very good for that time, since he used sticks and cut them into a 12,288 sided polygon. No one discovered more of pi until 900 years later.<br />
*finding the volume of a sphere as being 4πr³/3, where r is radius.<br />
<br />
==Named for him==<br />
<br />
*The lunar crater [[Tsu_Chung-Chi_(crater)|Tsu Chung-Chi]]<br />
<br />
*[[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]] is the name of [[asteroid]] 1964 VO1.<br />
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[[Category:429 births]]<br />
[[Category:500 deaths]]<br />
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[[da:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
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[[ja:祖沖之]]<br />
[[sl:Ču Čungdži]]<br />
[[zh:祖冲之]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yi_Hwang&diff=131992962Yi Hwang2006-11-22T06:54:50Z<p>Python eggs: added category for surname</p>
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<div>{{koreannames| image=[[image:Yi_Hwang.png|Yi Hwang]] | hangul=이황 | hanja=李滉 | rr = I Hwang | mr=Yi Hwang| hangulho = 퇴계 | hanjaho = 退溪| rrho = Toegye | mrho = T'oegye | hangulja = 경호 | hanjaja = 景浩| rrja = Gyeongho | mrja = Kyŏngho}}<br />
'''Yi Hwang''' (李滉 [[1501]]-[[1570]]) was one of the two most prominent [[Korea]]n [[Korean Confucianism|Confucian]] scholars of the [[Joseon Dynasty]], the other being his younger contemporary [[Yi I]] (Yulgok). Yi Hwang is often referred to by his [[pen name]] '''Toegye''' ("Retreating [[Creek (waterway)|Creek]]"). His [[courtesy name]] was '''Gyeongho'''.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
Yi Hwang was born in On'gye-ri (now Dosan), [[Andong]], North [[Gyeongsang]] Province, on [[November 25]], [[1501]]. He was a child prodigy. At the age of six, he started to learn the Book of One Thousand letters from an old gentleman in his neighborhood, and at 12 he learned the [[Analects of Confucius]] from his uncle, Yi U. At the age of 19, he obtained the two-volume Seongni Taejeon, a great compendium of [[neo-Confucianism]] by [[Hu Guang]], and experienced a process of great awakening. He became devoted to [[Zhu Xi|Song]] thought. <br />
<br />
He came to [[Seoul]] when he was 23 years old to study at the National Academy, and passed the preliminary provincial Civil Service examination with top honours at the age of 33, continuing his scholarly pursuits whilst working for the Joseon government. Indeed, he continued to work for the government throughout his life, moving through 29 different positions. His integrity made him relentless as he took part in purges of corrupt government officials. In a report to the king following an inspection tour of Chungcheong Province as a royal secret inspector, he ruthlessly condemned a provincial official who, ignoring an order from an honest magistrate, busied himself in illicitly building a fortune by taking possession of government articles. On numerous occasions he was even exiled from the capital for his firm commitment to principle.<br />
<br />
In [[1549]] he retired back to his home and lived there until his death. There he began to build the [[Dosan Seowon]], a private Confucian academy offering instruction in the classics and honouring the sages with regular memorial rites. Unfortunately he died in [[1570]] and never lived to see the opening of his academy, although his students continued to work after his death. Dosan Seowon (or Tosan Sowon) opened in [[1574]], and remains in use to this day.<br />
<br />
On his death, Yi Hwang was posthumously promoted to the highest ministerial rank, and his mortuary tablet is housed in a Confucian shrine as well as in the shrine of [[King Seonjo of Joseon|King Seonjo]]. He was the author of many books on Confucianism, and he also published a "shijo" collection, a short poetic form popular with the literati of the Choson period. During forty years of public life he served four kings ([[King Jungjong of Joseon|Junjong]], [[King Injong of Joseon|Injong]], [[King Myeongjong of Joseon|Myeongjong]] and [[King Seonjo of Joseon|Seonjo]]), and his interpretation of the "li-chi" dualism gained him fame in Korea and beyond. <br />
<br />
Toegyero -- a street in central Seoul -- is named after him, and he is depicted on the [[South Korea]]n 1,000-[[South Korean won|Won]] note. The [[Taekwondo]] pattern [[International Taekwondo Federation#Patterns|Toi-Gye]] was named in honor of Yi Hwang.<br />
<br />
His works include:<br />
* ''The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning'' (성학십도; 聖學十圖)<br />
* ''Outline and Explanations of the Works of [[Zhu Xi]]'' (주자서절요; 朱子書節要)<br />
* ''Commentary on the [[Scripture of the Heart]]'' (심경석의; 心經釋義)<br />
* ''History of [[Neo-Confucianism]] in the [[Song Dynasty|Song]], [[Yuan Dynasty|Yuan]] and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] Dynasties'' (송계원명이학통록; 宋季元明理學通錄)<br />
* ''The Four-Seven Debate'' (사칠속편; 四七續篇): discusses [[Mencius]]'s philosophy with [[Ki Taesung]]<br />
<br />
=== Short poem ===<br />
;Accidie<br />
Though thunder splits the mountains,<br />
<br />
Deaf men will not hear<br />
<br />
And though in the noonday Heaven<br />
<br />
The sun burns white and clear,<br />
<br />
Blind men will not see it.<br />
<br />
<br />
But we, thus eared and eyed,<br />
<br />
Lack even the lame excuses<br />
<br />
Infirmities provide.<br />
<br />
(Translated by Graeme Wilson)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Korea-related topics]]<br />
*[[List of Korean philosophers]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://homepage.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/Sven.K.Herbers-Lee/dateien/tgyh.html Detailed bibliography] (in English, Korean encoding needed)<br />
* [http://sunbichon.com/andong/tosan_4.htm Photos: portrait and tombstone] (in Korean)<br />
* [http://faculty.washington.edu/mkalton/10dia%20ch5%20web.htm Rules of the White Deer Hollow Academy and comments by T'oegye]<br />
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[[Category:Korean Confucianism]]<br />
[[Category:Korean philosophers]]<br />
[[Category:Joseon Dynasty people]]<br />
[[Category:Lǐ (李) (surname)]]<br />
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[[ja:李退渓]]<br />
[[ko:이황]]<br />
[[sv:Yi Hwang]]<br />
[[zh:李滉]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Witness_Lee&diff=119827674Witness Lee2006-11-22T06:54:32Z<p>Python eggs: added category for surname</p>
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<div>'''Witness Lee''' (李常受 [[Pinyin]]: Lǐ Chángshòu) was a Chinese Christian preacher and church leader associated with the [[Local churches]] movement and [[Living Stream Ministry]]. He was born in [[Chefoo]], [[Shandong Province]], [[China]], in [[1905]], to a [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist]] family. He converted to Christianity in [[1925]] after hearing the preaching of [[Peace Wang]], and almost immediately came under the influence of [[Watchman Nee]]. He became a full-time co-worker of Nee in [[1933]], and moved to [[Shanghai]] to be with Nee in [[1934]]. In the late [[1940s]] as the [[Chinese Civil War |Communists were advancing in China]], Witness Lee was sent by Nee to [[Taiwan]] in order to continue their ministry there. During the [[1950s]], Lee worked with [[Theodore Austin-Sparks|T. Austin-Sparks]] who held conferences with him in Taiwan in [[1955]] and [[1957]]. However, although they were united in their views on Christ as life to the believers, they differed sharply on their views of the church, with Witness Lee teaching and emphasizing [[Local churches|one-city one-church]], and Austin-Sparks emphasizing the independence of individual congregations.<br />
<br />
Witness Lee died in June [[1997]] in [[Southern California]].<br />
<br />
==Expansion of the Church==<br />
In [[1948]], Lee extended God's ministry from Taiwan to cities in [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]]. His ministry reached [[Manila]] in [[1950]], [[Japan]] in [[1957]], the [[United States]] in [[1958]], [[Brazil]] in [[1959]], [[Canada]] in [[1963]], [[South Korea]] in [[1965]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]] in [[1970]], [[Germany]] and [[Nigeria]] in [[1971]], and [[Ghana]] in [[1972]].<br />
<br />
Witness Lee visited the [[U.S.]] in [[1958]] and [[1960]]. During this time he met with a number of [[Christian fellowship]]s in [[Los Angeles]], [[San Francisco]], and [[New York]]. In [[1962]], Lee returned to the U.S. and established his residence in Los Angeles, helping to raise up the [[local churches|local church]] in Los Angeles. He established the [[Stream Publishers]] in [[1965]] (which later became [[Living Stream Ministry]] in [[Anaheim, California]]) primarily as a publishing vehicle for his and Nee's spoken and recorded messages. He gave numerous conferences, mostly in the United States and Asia. <br />
<br />
Lee's ministry is recorded in hundreds of tapes, videos, and books, which are mostly edited transcriptions of his spoken messages. His major work, ''The Life-Study of the Bible'' ([http://www.ministrybooks.org/life-studies.html complete online text], [http://www.lsmradio.org/rad_archives.html online audio]), comprising 32 volumes, is also an edited transcription. Late in his life Lee began the "crystallization-study" of the Bible to review and expand on the major points ("crystals") of the Bible that he had taught throughout his lifetime, but was unable to finish it. Today this study is being carried on by a number of Lee's co-workers at [[Living Stream Ministry]].<br />
<br />
==The Lord's recovery==<br />
Among themselves, Lee's followers in Christ call their movement "the Lord's recovery." Lee believed that one of the primary items that God used Nee and himself to recover was the oneness of all believers in Christ and the practical expression of this oneness in the practice of the [[Local churches]]. The term "Lord's recovery" refers to God's move in time which Lee believe produced his practice of the [[Local churches]]. Witness Lee believed it could be traced back at least to [[Martin Luther]] and the reformers, and continued through others such as [[Madame Guyon]], [[Count Zinzendorf]], the [[Moravian Brethren]], [[John Nelson Darby]], and the [[Plymouth Brethren]], as well as themselves.<br />
<br />
==One in Christ==<br />
Although both Nee and Lee taught that, doctrinally, all Christians are one in Christ, they also strongly advocated the teaching that all Christians should also be practically one by having only one [[elder]]ship in each city (with many elders) and accepting all believers in Christ as members of the church in each city regardless of [[racial]], [[cultural]], [[social]], [[doctrinal]] or any other differences. Nee called this practice meeting on "the ground of oneness" (see [[Local churches]]), and Lee carried on in this after being sent by Nee out of China. Because of their unwillingness to compromise in this matter, other Christian organizations distanced themselves from Nee and Lee both in and outside of China. This, however, did not diminish the [[Local churches]] ministry, as they cared little for acceptance and validation by their contemporaries in mainstream Christianity.<br />
<br />
==Controversy==<br />
Some aspects of Nee's and Lee's ministry are considered to be controversial by many Christians. For example, Nee's teaching of the "ground of locality" was not accepted by [[mainstream Christianity]]. Congregations affiliated with the [[Local churches]] movement and [[Living Stream Ministry]] have been accused of being exclusive and divisive, even cultish. Also, Lee's distinctive view of the [[Trinity]] has been condemned by numerous observers as being [[Sabellianism|modalistic]], which accusations he and others have strongly denied and sought to refute. In another move without regard for contemporary acceptance, Lee declared that God became man in Jesus so that man could express God in Christ (in the life and nature of God, but not in His [[Godhead]]). <br />
<br />
Followers of Witness Lee (i.e., members of Witness Lee's [[Local churches]]) generally respond to these charges by arguing that many passages in the Bible support their beliefs. For example, to demonstrate their belief that "man expresses God in Christ," they cite John 1:12-13 and 2 Peter 1:4, 1, as well as verses in Corinthians and Ephesians.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.livingstream.com/witness_lee_bio.html Brief biography] from [[Living Stream Ministry]] <br />
*[http://www.witnesslee.org/life-ministry.html Detailed biography] from [[Living Stream Ministry]]<br />
*[http://www.ministrybooks.org/life-studies.html Life-Study of the Bible] - Complete online text.<br />
*[http://www.lsmradio.com/ Life-Study of the Bible Radio Program] - Complete online archive of more than 1000 programs.<br />
*[http://www.ministrybooks.org/witness-lee-books.html Books by Witness Lee] - Complete online text of more than 200 titles.<br />
* [http://www.theopedia.com/The_Local_Church The Local Church] (Theopedia - conservative evangelical Christian perspective)<br />
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[[Category:1905 births|Lee, Witness]]<br />
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[[pt:Witness Lee]]<br />
[[zh:李常受]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Lu&diff=168573769Li Lu2006-11-22T06:49:14Z<p>Python eggs: added category for surname</p>
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<div>{{Chinese name|[[Li (surname)|李 (Li)]]}}<br />
'''Li Lu''' (李禄 [[Pinyin]]: [[Li|Lǐ]] Lù) (born [[1966]]) was an organizer and leader of the [[China|Chinese]] student dissidents who took part in the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]. After the protests, Li Lu, a graduate student at [[Nanjing University]], was forced to flee [[mainland China]] and he ultimately moved to the [[United States]].<br />
<br />
In [[1990]] he published a book about his struggles titled ''Moving the Mountain: My Life in China'' (ISBN 0-399-13545-6). Since moving to the U.S., Li Lu has simultaneously received three degrees (a B.A., an M.B.A., and a J.D.) from [[Columbia University]], the first student ever to do so, and founded his own investment company, Himalaya Capital.<br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
* [http://www.himalayacapital.com/partners_HCV.htm Corporate bio for Himalaya Capital]<br />
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[[Category:Chinese dissidents]]<br />
[[Category:1966 births|Lu, Li]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Lu, Li]]<br />
[[Category:Columbia University alumni|Lu, Li]]<br />
[[Category:Lǐ (李) (surname)]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quek_Leng_Chan&diff=109553208Quek Leng Chan2006-11-20T22:20:43Z<p>Python eggs: added category for family name</p>
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<div>'''Tan Sri Quek Leng Chan''' ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 郭令燦; [[pinyin]]: Guō Lìngcàn) is the [[Malaysian]] [[tycoon]] that founded the [[Hong Leong Group|Hong Leong Group Malaysia]].<br />
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[[Category:Malaysian businesspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Billionaires]]<br />
[[Category:Guō (郭)|Lìngcàn]]<br />
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{{Malaysia-bio-stub}}<br />
{{business-bio-stub}}</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guo_Jia&diff=122329324Guo Jia2006-11-20T21:44:54Z<p>Python eggs: added category for family name</p>
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<div>{|cellpadding=3px cellspacing=0px bgcolor=#f7f8ff style="float:right; border:2px solid; margin:5px"<br />
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Image:Guo_Jia_Portrait.jpg|thumb|220px|center|Portrait of Guo Jia from a [[Qing Dynasty]] edition of the ''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]'']]<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:#ccf; border-bottom:2px solid" colspan=2|[[Chinese name|Names]]<br />
|-<br />
|align=right|[[Simplified Chinese]]:||郭嘉<br />
|-<br />
|align=right|[[Traditional Chinese]]:||郭嘉<br />
|-<br />
|align=right|[[Pinyin]]:||Guō Jiā<br />
|-<br />
|align=right|[[Wade-Giles]]:||Kuo Chia<br />
|-<br />
|align=right|[[Chinese style name|Zi]]:||Fengxiao (奉孝)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Guo Jia''' ([[170]] &ndash; [[207]]), styled '''Fengxiao''' (奉孝), was a [[strategist]] and advisor to the powerful [[warlord]] [[Cao Cao]] during the late [[Eastern Han Dynasty]] and [[Three Kingdoms Period]] in ancient [[China]]. During his eleven years of service, Guo Jia's brilliance greatly aided Cao Cao in his victories over rival warlords [[Lü Bu]] and [[Yuan Shao]], as well as chief of the [[Wuhuan|Wuhuan tribe]] [[Ta Dun]]. As a result of this, he was one of the most trusted and favored subjects of Cao Cao.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Guo Jia was born in the county of [[Yangdi]] (阳翟, present day [[Yuzhou]], [[Henan]]). He initially sought a position under [[Yuan Shao]], the most powerful [[warlord]] in northern China at that time. However, he judged Yuan Shao to be an indecisive man who did not know how to fully exploit talented people. Thinking that the warlord had little hope of achieving great things, Guo Jia then left.<br />
<br />
In [[196]], Guo Jia was recommended to [[Cao Cao]] by [[Xun Yu]]. After a discussion about the state of China at that time, both found each other likable. Cao Cao then made Guo Jia his military advisor.<br />
<br />
During the campaign against [[Lü Bu]] in [[198]], Cao Cao's force won three consecutive battles, forcing his enemy to retreat and fortify itself in [[Xiapi]]. By then Cao Cao's troops were exhausted from fighting, and he intended to withdraw. However, Guo Jia persuaded Cao Cao to press on and not give Lü Bu time to recuperate. Cao Cao took the advice and ultimately prevailed against his opponent.<br />
<br />
In [[200]], Cao Cao confronted Yuan Shao's force at [[Battle of Guandu|Guandu]], leaving his base city [[Xuchang]] sparsely guarded. Seeing this opportunity, [[Sun Ce]], a warlord in the south, planned to move north and attack Xuchang. Everyone despaired at the news, but Guo Jia foretold that Sun Ce, being proud and impulsive, would be killed by his own people before reaching Xuchang. True to his prediction, Sun Ce was assassinated before he could even cross the [[Yangtze River]]. Cao Cao then scored a great victory against Yuan Shao, solidifying his position as the strongest warlord in the north.<br />
<br />
After losing the [[Battle of Guandu]], Yuan Shao soon died. His legacy was contested between two of his sons, [[Yuan Tan]] and [[Yuan Shang]] (袁尚). Many urged Cao Cao to seize the opportunity to root out the heirs. However, Guo Jia advised Cao Cao to turn his attention south to attack [[Liu Biao]] in [[Jingzhou (region)|Jingzhou]] (荆州) and let the brothers wear themselves out in battle.<br />
<br />
Cao Cao accepted Guo Jia's counsel and prepared for a campaign against Liu Biao. The Yuan brothers did wear themselves out, resulting in the overmatched Yuan Tan seeking Cao Cao's help. Cao Cao moved his force north again and easily defeated Yuan Shang, who escaped to Chief [[Ta Dun]] (蹋顿) of the [[Wuhuan]] tribes. Cao Cao then conquered Yuan Tan in [[Nanpi]] (南皮) and took control of [[Jizhou (region)|Jizhou]] (冀州).<br />
<br />
At this time, Cao Cao intended to launch an expedition deep into the north to eradicate Yuan Shang and the Wuhuan tribes, but many feared that Liu Biao would attack from the south. Guo Jia encouraged Cao Cao to quickly take up the expedition to prevent a resurgence of Yuan Shang's power. Under Guo Jia's counsel, the army travelled light, leaving behind the bulk of supplies. The resulting swift strike caught the Wuhuan unprepared. Ta Dun was killed and Yuan Shang went into exile in Northeast, which is now the province of [[Heilongjiang]] and [[Jilin]]..<br />
<br />
According to Romance of the Three Kingdom the fiction, Guo Jia also advised Cao Cao (posthumously) on how to tackle Yuan Shang after he fled to Northeast, with a brilliant coup[http://sun-bin.blogspot.com/2006/06/chinese-statecraft-three-kingdoms.html].<br />
<br />
Guo Jia died of a sickness in [[207]], at the young age of 37. He was conferred the posthumous title of Marquis Zhen (贞侯), literally meaning the moral marquis. A year later, after Cao Cao suffered a huge defeat at the [[Battle of Red Cliffs]], he lamented, "If Fengxiao (Guo Jia's styled name) were alive, I would not be in this state."<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
*{{cite book|author=Chen Shou|title=San Guo Zhi|publisher=Yue Lu Shu She|year=2002|id=ISBN 7-80665-198-5}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Three Kingdoms]]<br />
*[[Personages of the Three Kingdoms]]<br />
*''[[Sanguo Zhi|Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms]]''<br />
*''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]''<br />
<br />
{{People of the Three Kingdoms}}<br />
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[[Category:170 births]]<br />
[[Category:207 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People of the Three Kingdoms]]<br />
[[Category:Guō (郭)|Jiā]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Guo Jia]]<br />
[[ko:곽가]]<br />
[[id:Guo Jia]]<br />
[[ja:郭嘉]]<br />
[[zh:郭嘉]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xu_Da&diff=51645982Xu Da2006-11-20T20:46:54Z<p>Python eggs: added categories</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Xu Da''' (徐達) ([[1332]]—[[1385]]) was a talented general whom help found the [[Ming Dynasty]]. Prior to being a good friend of the first Ming Emperor, [[Zhu Yuanzhang]], he was also the father-in-law of the third Ming emperor, the [[Yongle Emperor]].<br />
<br />
He joined the red turbans rebels in [[1353]]. He was put under Zhu Yuanzhang's command, and helped the future emperor put down various warlords. In the year 1369, two years after the founding of the Ming dynasty, he along with various deputies, attacked the [[Yuan Dynasty|Yuan]] capital of [[Beijing]] and forced the Yuan Emperor to flee. Xu Da followed the retreating Mongols and at one point were checked by the Korean general, [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seonggye]], who was commanded to take out the Chinese army. Xu Da's presence striked fear into the Korean generals, whom in turn allied themselves with the Chinese instead. Yi Seonggye would later found the [[Joseon Dynasty]]. Afterward, Xu Da entered Mongolian and routed several Mongol reinforcements from around the empire. Eventually, he sacked the Mongolian capital at [[Karakorum]], and captured thousand of Mongol nobles in 1370. He died in 1385 under mysterious circumstances; many gossips suggest that [[Zhu Yuanzhang]] is responsible for his death out of jealousy.<br />
<br />
[[Category:1332 births|Xu, Da]]<br />
[[Category:1385 deaths|Xu, Da]]<br />
[[Category:Ming Dynasty generals]]<br />
[[Category:The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional versions of real people in Jinyong's wuxia novels]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:徐達]]<br />
[[zh:徐達]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Chongzhi&diff=51363868Zu Chongzhi2006-10-06T06:56:21Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>: ''Tsu Chung-Chi is also the name of a small crater on Earth's moon, see also [[Tsu Chung-Chi (crater)]]''<br />
: ''Zu Chong-Zhi is also the name of asteroid 1964 VO1, see also [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]]''<br />
[[Image:Zu Chongzhi.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
'''Zu Chongzhi''' (祖冲之, [[pinyin]] Zǔ Chōngzhī, [[Wade-Giles]] Tsu Ch'ung-chih) ([[429]]-[[500]]) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[List of mathematicians|mathematician]] and [[List of astronomers|astronomer]] during the [[Liu Song]] and [[Southern Qi]] Dynasties (of the [[Southern Dynasties]]).<br />
<br />
His ancestors hailed from Qiu district, [[Fanyang]] Commandery (part of modern [[Beijing]]). To flee from the ravages of war, Zu Chongzhi's grandfather Zu Chang moved from [[Hebei]], in north [[China]], to south of the [[Yangtze River]], as part of the massive population movement during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]]. Zu Chang at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" (Dàjiàngqīn) within the [[Song Dynasty (420-479)]] and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu Chongzhi's father also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi was born in 429 in Jiankang (today [[Nanjing]]). His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu Chongzhi was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When [[Emperor Xiaowu of Song China|Emperor Xiaowu]] heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the "Huálín Xuéshěng", to perform research. In [[461]] in Nanxu (today [[Zhenjiang]] in [[Jiangsu]]) he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.<br />
<br />
His achievements included:<br />
*the [[Daming calendar]] (大明曆) introduced in [[465]]. <br />
*deriving two approximations of [[pi]], which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between '''3.1415926''' and '''3.1415927''', with '''[[Milü|<sup>355</sup>⁄<sub>133</sub>]]''' (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and '''[[Proof that 22 over 7 exceeds π|<sup>22</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub>]]''' (约率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. <br />
*finding the volume of a sphere as being 4πr³/3, where r is radius.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
<br />
The lunar crater [[Tsu_Chung-Chi_(crater)|Tsu Chung-Chi]] is named after him, as is the asteroid [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:429 births]]<br />
[[Category:500 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:5th century mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Liu Song]]<br />
[[Category:Southern Qi]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[es:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[fr:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[ja:祖沖之]]<br />
[[sl:Ču Čungdži]]<br />
[[zh:祖冲之]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Chongzhi&diff=51363867Zu Chongzhi2006-10-06T06:39:12Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>: ''Tsu Chung-Chi is also the name of a small crater on Earth's moon, see also [[Tsu Chung-Chi (crater)]]''<br />
: ''Zu Chong-Zhi is also the name of asteroid 1964 VO1, see also [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]]''<br />
<br />
'''Zu Chongzhi''' (祖冲之, [[pinyin]] Zǔ Chōngzhī, [[Wade-Giles]] Tsu Ch'ung-chih) ([[429]]-[[500]]) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[List of mathematicians|mathematician]] and [[List of astronomers|astronomer]] during the [[Liu Song]] and [[Southern Qi]] Dynasties (of the [[Southern Dynasties]]).<br />
<br />
His ancestors hailed from Qiu district, [[Fanyang]] Commandery (part of modern [[Beijing]]). To flee from the ravages of war, Zu Chongzhi's grandfather Zu Chang moved from [[Hebei]], in north [[China]], to south of the [[Yangtze River]], as part of the massive population movement during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]]. Zu Chang at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" (Dàjiàngqīn) within the [[Song Dynasty (420-479)]] and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu Chongzhi's father also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi was born in 429 in Jiankang (today [[Nanjing]]). His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu Chongzhi was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When [[Emperor Xiaowu of Song China|Emperor Xiaowu]] heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the "Huálín Xuéshěng", to perform research. In [[461]] in Nanxu (today [[Zhenjiang]] in [[Jiangsu]]) he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.<br />
<br />
His achievements included:<br />
*the [[Daming calendar]] (大明曆) introduced in [[465]]. <br />
*deriving two approximations of [[pi]], which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between '''3.1415926''' and '''3.1415927''', with '''[[Milü|<sup>355</sup>⁄<sub>133</sub>]]''' (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and '''[[Proof that 22 over 7 exceeds π|<sup>22</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub>]]''' (约率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. <br />
*finding the volume of a sphere as being 4πr³/3, where r is radius.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
<br />
The lunar crater [[Tsu_Chung-Chi_(crater)|Tsu Chung-Chi]] is named after him, as is the asteroid [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:429 births]]<br />
[[Category:500 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:5th century mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Liu Song]]<br />
[[Category:Southern Qi]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[es:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[fr:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[ja:祖沖之]]<br />
[[sl:Ču Čungdži]]<br />
[[zh:祖冲之]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Chongzhi&diff=51363866Zu Chongzhi2006-10-06T06:38:01Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>: ''Tsu Chung-Chi is also the name of a small crater on Earth's moon, see also [[Tsu Chung-Chi (crater)]]''<br />
: ''Zu Chong-Zhi is also the name of asteroid 1964 VO1, see also [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]]''<br />
<br />
'''<u>Zu</u> Chongzhi''' (祖冲之, [[pinyin]] Zǔ Chōngzhī, [[Wade-Giles]] Tsu Ch'ung-chih) ([[429]]-[[500]]) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[List of mathematicians|mathematician]] and [[List of astronomers|astronomer]] during the [[Liu Song]] and [[Southern Qi]] Dynasties (of the [[Southern Dynasties]]).<br />
<br />
His ancestors hailed from Qiu district, [[Fanyang]] Commandery (part of modern [[Beijing]]). To flee from the ravages of war, Zu Chongzhi's grandfather Zu Chang moved from [[Hebei]], in north [[China]], to south of the [[Yangtze River]], as part of the massive population movement during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]]. Zu Chang at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" (Dàjiàngqīn) within the [[Song Dynasty (420-479)]] and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu Chongzhi's father also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi was born in 429 in Jiankang (today [[Nanjing]]). His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu Chongzhi was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When [[Emperor Xiaowu of Song China|Emperor Xiaowu]] heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the "Huálín Xuéshěng", to perform research. In [[461]] in Nanxu (today [[Zhenjiang]] in [[Jiangsu]]) he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.<br />
<br />
His achievements included:<br />
*the [[Daming calendar]] (大明曆) introduced in [[465]]. <br />
*deriving two approximations of [[pi]], which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between '''3.1415926''' and '''3.1415927''', with '''[[Milü|<sup>355</sup>⁄<sub>133</sub>]]''' (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and '''[[Proof that 22 over 7 exceeds π|<sup>22</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub>]]''' (约率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. <br />
*finding the volume of a sphere as being 4πr³/3, where r is radius.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
<br />
The lunar crater [[Tsu_Chung-Chi_(crater)|Tsu Chung-Chi]] is named after him, as is the asteroid [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:429 births]]<br />
[[Category:500 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:5th century mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Liu Song]]<br />
[[Category:Southern Qi]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[es:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[fr:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[ja:祖沖之]]<br />
[[sl:Ču Čungdži]]<br />
[[zh:祖冲之]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Chongzhi&diff=51363865Zu Chongzhi2006-10-06T06:26:56Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>: ''Tsu Chung-Chi is also the name of a small crater on Earth's moon, see also [[Tsu Chung-Chi (crater)]]''<br />
: ''Zu Chong-Zhi is also the name of asteroid 1964 VO1, see also [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]]''<br />
<br />
'''<u>Zu</u> Chongzhi''' (祖冲之, [[pinyin]] Zǔ Chōngzhī, [[Wade-Giles]] Tsu Ch'ung-chih) ([[429]]-[[500]]) was a [[China|Chinese]] [[List of mathematicians|mathematician]] and [[List of astronomers|astronomer]] during the [[Liu Song]] and [[Southern Qi]] Dynasties (of the [[Southern Dynasties]]).<br />
<br />
His ancestors hailed from Qiu district, [[Fanyang]] Commandery (part of modern [[Beijing]]). To flee from the ravages of war, Zu Chongzhi's grandfather Zu Chang moved from [[Hebei]], in north [[China]], to south of the [[Yangtze River]], as part of the massive population movement during the [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]]. Zu Chang at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" (Dàjiàngqīn) within the [[Song Dynasty (420-479)]] and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu Chongzhi's father also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.<br />
<br />
Zu Chongzhi was born in 429 in Jiankang (today [[Nanjing]]). His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu Chongzhi was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When [[Emperor Xiaowu of Song China|Emperor Xiaowu]] heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the "Huálín Xuéshěng", to perform research. In [[461]] in Nanxu (today [[Zhenjiang]] in [[Jiangsu]]) he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.<br />
<br />
His achievements included:<br />
*the [[Daming calendar]] (大明曆) introduced in [[465]]. <br />
*deriving two approximations of [[pi]], which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between '''3.1415926''' and '''3.1415927''', with '''[[Milü|<sup>355</sup>⁄<sub>133</sub>]]''' (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and '''<sup>22</sup>⁄<sub>7</sub>''' (约率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. <br />
*finding the volume of a sphere as being 4πr³/3, where r is radius.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
<br />
The lunar crater [[Tsu_Chung-Chi_(crater)|Tsu Chung-Chi]] is named after him, as is the asteroid [[1888 Zu Chong-Zhi]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:429 births]]<br />
[[Category:500 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Chinese mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:5th century mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Liu Song]]<br />
[[Category:Southern Qi]]<br />
<br />
[[da:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[es:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[fr:Zu Chongzhi]]<br />
[[ja:祖沖之]]<br />
[[sl:Ču Čungdži]]<br />
[[zh:祖冲之]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585465U-Bahn Tianjin2006-08-27T04:43:25Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tianjin_Metro.gif|right|200px|thumbnail|Logo]]<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], the first part 3.6&nbsp;km and 4 stations had been completed in February 1976, the second part which has another 1.6&nbsp;km and Xinanjiao and Erweilu stations completed in 1980. After construction resumed, the total length was 7.4&nbsp;km, 8 stations, and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1 (Liuyuan-Shuanglin) is 26.188 kilometers in length. It reopened on [[June 12]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan (station from original line)<br />
* Xibeijiao (station from original line)<br />
* Xinanjiao (station from original line)<br />
* Erweilu (station from original line)<br />
* Haiguangsi (station from original line)<br />
* Anshandao (station from original line, was formerly called Dianbaodalou station)<br />
* Yingkoudao (station from original line)<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585463U-Bahn Tianjin2006-07-16T11:08:14Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tianjin_Metro.gif|right|200px|thumbnail|Logo]]<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], the first part 3.6&nbsp;km and 4 stations had been completed in February 1976, the second part which has another 1.6&nbsp;km and Xinanjiao and Erweilu stations completed in 1980. After construction resumed, the total length was 7.4&nbsp;km, 8 stations, and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It reopens on [[June 12]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan (station from original line)<br />
* Xibeijiao (station from original line)<br />
* Xinanjiao (station from original line)<br />
* Erweilu (station from original line)<br />
* Haiguangsi (station from original line)<br />
* Anshandao (original line station, named as Dianbaodalou station in the original line)<br />
* Yingkoudao (station from original line)<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585462U-Bahn Tianjin2006-06-18T16:01:20Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Tianjin_Metro.gif|right|200px|thumbnail|Logo]]<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It reopens on [[June 12]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan (station from original line)<br />
* Xibeijiao (station from original line)<br />
* Xinanjiao (station from original line)<br />
* Erweilu (station from original line)<br />
* Haiguangsi (station from original line)<br />
* Anshandao (original line station, named as Dianbaodalou station in the original line)<br />
* Yingkoudao (station from original line)<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585461U-Bahn Tianjin2006-06-18T15:56:49Z<p>Python eggs: /* Line 1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It reopens on [[June 12]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan (station from original line)<br />
* Xibeijiao (station from original line)<br />
* Xinanjiao (station from original line)<br />
* Erweilu (station from original line)<br />
* Haiguangsi (station from original line)<br />
* Anshandao (original line station, named as Dianbaodalou station in the original line)<br />
* Yingkoudao (station from original line)<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585460U-Bahn Tianjin2006-06-18T15:56:31Z<p>Python eggs: /* Line 1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It opens on [[June 12]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan (station from original line)<br />
* Xibeijiao (station from original line)<br />
* Xinanjiao (station from original line)<br />
* Erweilu (station from original line)<br />
* Haiguangsi (station from original line)<br />
* Anshandao (original line station, named as Dianbaodalou station in the original line)<br />
* Yingkoudao (station from original line)<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juyongguan&diff=51304705Juyongguan2006-05-14T08:47:43Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Juyongguan''' or '''Juyonguan Pass''' is located in an 18 kilometer-long valley named "Guangou" which is inside Changping County more than 50 kilometers from [[Beijing]] City. It is one of the three greatest passes of the [[Great Wall|Great Wall of China]]. The other two passes are [[Jiayuguan Pass]] and [[Shanhai Pass]].<br />
<br />
It had many different names in the past [[Dynasties in Chinese history|dynasties]]. However, the name "Juyongguan Pass" was used by more than three dynasties. It was first used in the [[Qin Dynasty]] when Emperor [[Qinshihuang]] ordered to build the Great Wall. Juyongguan Pass has two passes, one at the south and one at the north. The south one is called "Nan Pass" and the north one is called "[[Badaling]]".<br />
<br />
This pass was connected to the Great Wall in the [[Northern and Southern Dynasties]].<br />
<br />
In the middle of Juyongguan Pass, there is a "Cloud Platform" with another name of "Crossing Street Tower". It was made of white marble in the [[Yuan Dynasty]] with a height of 9.5 meters. Around the top of the platform there are many architectures such as stone railings and a watching post. They are still kept in the style of the Yuan Dynasty. In the middle of the base of the platform there is an arched door where men, horses and carriages could pass through. Many animal images were carved in the arched hole and the arched door. On the walls of both sides of the door, the statues of gods and scriptures are carved. There were three white towers on the platform in the past (this is how it got the name of "Crossing Street Tower") and were destroyed in the transitional period between the Yuan Dynasty and the [[Ming Dynasty]]. Later a Tai'an Temple was built on the platform but was later destroyed in the [[Qing Dynasty]]. <br />
<br />
The present Pass was initially built in the Ming Dynasty and received much renovation later. It is a very important strategic place connecting the inner land and the area near the northern border of China. It is also a defensive place for the ancient Beijing City. So it is wanted by all the military parties.<br />
<br />
As there are lush flowers and trees around the Pass like layers of green waves, so it got the good name of "Juyong Green Layers", which belongs to one of "Yanjing Eight Best Sceneries".<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Juyongguan railway station]]<br />
<br />
== External link ==<br />
* http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/scene/beijing/juyongguan.htm<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beijing]]<br />
[[Category:Great Wall of China]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585459U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-11T23:42:53Z<p>Python eggs: /* Line 1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan (station from original line)<br />
* Xibeijiao (station from original line)<br />
* Xinanjiao (station from original line)<br />
* Erweilu (station from original line)<br />
* Haiguangsi (station from original line)<br />
* Anshandao (original line station, named as Dianbaodalou station in the original line)<br />
* Yingkoudao (station from original line)<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585458U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-11T23:41:15Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Dianbaodalou<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585457U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-11T23:40:55Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
The original line has 8 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xinhualu<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
{{main|Binhai Mass Transit}}<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system. The light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai new town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585456U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-10T06:50:55Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
The original line has 7 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations being added:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
The [[Binhai Mass Transit|Binhai line]] is being built with the following stations:<br />
<br />
* Zhongshanmen<br />
* Yihaoqiao<br />
* Erhaoqiao<br />
* Zhangguizhuang<br />
<br />
This line will eventually connect to the extended line 1.<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system.<br />
<br />
Jinbin light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin Downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai New Town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in Tianjin]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585454U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-10T04:10:18Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
The original line has 7 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations being added:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
The [[Binhai Mass Transit|Binhai line]] is being built with the following stations:<br />
<br />
* Zhongshanmen<br />
* Yihaoqiao<br />
* Erhaoqiao<br />
* Zhangguizhuang<br />
<br />
This line will eventually connect to the extended line 1.<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system.<br />
<br />
Jinbin light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin Downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai New Town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
[[Category:Tianjin]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in China]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Nanjing&diff=90247170U-Bahn Nanjing2006-05-10T04:08:27Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
The '''Nanjing Metro''' is a [[metro]] system in the city of [[Nanjing]], [[China]]. It is referred to as a [[light rail]] system in Chinese terminology. Construction began in [[2000]] first lines from ''Maigaoqiao - Xiaohang'' and ''Xiaohang - Olympic Stadium'' were completed in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 17 km with 13 stations and line 2 will have 20 stations. Line 3 will be 17 km and extended to 43 km when completed. Construction will take place between 2006 and 2009.<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
<br />
* 20 [[Alstom]]/[[Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works]] subway 6 car sets -contract in 2002<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.urbanrail.net/as/nanj/nanjing.htm UrbanRail.net's page on the Nanjing Metro]<br />
* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/comsite5/bin/pdinventory.pl?pdlanding=1&referid=2750&item_id=0199-1754577 Alstom wins contract]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Nanjing]]<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:南京地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Nanjing&diff=90247169U-Bahn Nanjing2006-05-09T21:58:22Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
The '''Nanjing Metro''' is a [[metro]] system in the city of [[Nanjing]], [[China]]. It is referred to as a [[light rail]] system in Chinese terminology. Construction began in [[2000]] first lines from ''Maigaoqiao - Xiaohang'' and ''Xiaohang - Olympic Stadium'' were completed in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 17 km with 13 stations and line 2 will have 20 stations. Line 3 will be 17 km and extended to 43 km when completed. Construction will take place between 2006 and 2009.<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
<br />
* 20 [[Alstom]]/[[Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works]] subway 6 car sets -contract in 2002<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.urbanrail.net/as/nanj/nanjing.htm UrbanRail.net's page on the Nanjing Metro]<br />
* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/comsite5/bin/pdinventory.pl?pdlanding=1&referid=2750&item_id=0199-1754577 Alstom wins contract]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Nanjing]]<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:南京地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Nanjing&diff=90247168U-Bahn Nanjing2006-05-09T21:58:08Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
The '''Nanjing Metro''' is a [[metro]] system in the city of [[Nanjing]], [[China]]. It is referred to as a [[light rail]] system in Chinese terminology. Construction began in [[2000]] first lines from ''Maigaoqiao - Xiaohang'' and ''Xiaohang - Olympic Stadium'' were completed in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 17 km with 13 stations and line 2 will have 20 stations. Line 3 will be 17 km and extended to 43 km when completed. Construction will take place between 2006 and 2009.<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
<br />
* 20 [[Alstom]]/[[Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works]] subway 6 car sets -contract in 2002<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of rapid transit systems]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.urbanrail.net/as/nanj/nanjing.htm UrbanRail.net's page on the Nanjing Metro]<br />
* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/comsite5/bin/pdinventory.pl?pdlanding=1&referid=2750&item_id=0199-1754577 Alstom wins contract]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Nanjing]]<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in China]]<br />
<br />
[[zh:武漢軌道交通]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585453U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-09T21:57:40Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
The original line has 7 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations being added:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuan<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
The Binhai line is being built with the following stations:<br />
<br />
* Zhongshanmen<br />
* Yihaoqiao<br />
* Erhaoqiao<br />
* Zhangguizhuang<br />
<br />
This line will eventually connect to the extended line 1.<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system.<br />
<br />
Jinbin light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin Downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai New Town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Tianjin]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in China]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggshttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-Bahn_Tianjin&diff=119585452U-Bahn Tianjin2006-05-09T21:57:16Z<p>Python eggs: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Rapid transit in China}}<br />
'''[[Tianjin]] Metro''' is the second [[metro]] (after Beijing) to be built in [[China]] and has been modernized to current mass transit standards.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Construction was started on [[July 4]], [[1970]], and was interrupted by the [[Tangshan earthquake]] in [[1976]]. After construction resumed, the first part was finished in [[1979]], and service on the line began on [[December 28]], [[1984]].<br />
<br />
== Original line ==<br />
Tianjin Metro original line from Xizhan (Tianjin west railway station) to Xinhua Lu (Xinhua road). <br />
<br />
The metro service was suspended in [[2001]], which was done in order to modernize the line. The original line ran as many as 3 metres under the city's streets, and part of the line used a driedout [[canal]] bed.<br />
<br />
== Line 1 ==<br />
The original line has 7 stations on the 7.4 km route:<br />
<br />
* Xizhan<br />
* Xibeijiao<br />
* Xinanjiao<br />
* Erweilu<br />
* Haiguangsi<br />
* Anshandao<br />
* Yingkoudao<br />
<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 1, from Liuyuan to Shuanglin, 26.188 kilometers in length. It will open on [[May 28]], [[2006]].<br />
<br />
Stations being added:<br />
<br />
* Liuyuab<br />
* Xihengdi<br />
* Benxilu<br />
* Qinjiandao<br />
* Honghuli<br />
* Xiaobailou<br />
* Xiawafang<br />
* Nanlou<br />
* Tucheng<br />
* Chentangzhuang<br />
* Fuxingmen<br />
* Huashanli<br />
* Caijingxueyuan<br />
* Shuanglin<br />
<br />
Line 1 is 26.195km in length following completion in [[2005]].<br />
<br />
The Binhai line is being built with the following stations:<br />
<br />
* Zhongshanmen<br />
* Yihaoqiao<br />
* Erhaoqiao<br />
* Zhangguizhuang<br />
<br />
This line will eventually connect to the extended line 1.<br />
<br />
== Line 2 ==<br />
<br />
This line is being planned and will be 22.5 km long and run from east to west with 20 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 3 ==<br />
<br />
This line is being planned and will be 28.4 km long and run from north to south with 22 stations.<br />
<br />
== Line 9 ==<br />
<br />
Tianjin Metro Line 9 is the western part of the [[Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit]] light railway system.<br />
<br />
Jinbin light railway from Zhongxin Guangchang (central square) in [[Tianjin Downtown]] to Donghai Lu (east sea road) in [[Binhai New Town]].<br />
<br />
==Rolling Stock==<br />
<br />
* 114 [[Changchun Car Company|CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited]] Rapid Trainset Vehicle cars - new<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.ditie.cc/ Tianjin Metro]<br />
* [http://www.cnrgc.com/LISTS/product/_MAINPAGE/product/default2.aspx?classid=126 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Co., Ltd Rapid Trainset Vehicle]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rapid transit in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Tianjin]]<br />
[[Category:Transportation in China]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:天津地下鉄]]<br />
[[zh:天津地铁]]</div>Python eggs