Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Tommy Richman

2024-05-09T17:05:16Z

Ponydepression:

{{Short description|American singer}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Tommy Richman
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = 2000 (23-24 years)
| birth_place = [[Woodbridge, Virginia|Woodbridge]], [[Virginia]], U.S.
| occupations =
| instrument =
| discography =
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[R&B]]
*[[punk rock]]
}}
| years_active = 2016–present
| label = ISO Supremacy, PULSE Records
}}

'''Tommy Richman''' (born 2000) is an American singer and songwriter. Richman rose to prominence following his 2024 single "[[Million Dollar Baby (Tommy Richman song)|Million Dollar Baby]]", which began to receive major success from snippets of the song posted to [[TikTok]]. Following the song's release, it peaked at number two on the US ''[[Billboard Hot 100]]''.

==Life and career==
Tommy Richman was born in [[Woodbridge, Virginia]], to a drum teacher father and a legally deaf mother. He began singing as a child, taking [[voice lessons]].<ref name="Lyr">{{cite web |last1=Morrison |first1=Sam |title=A Conversation with Tommy Richman |url=https://blog.lyricallemonade.com/p/a-conversation-with-tommy-richman/ |website=[[Lyrical Lemonade]] |access-date=8 May 2024 |date=3 February 2022}}</ref>

===2016–present: Music career===
Richman began releasing music on [[Soundcloud]] and [[Spotify]] in 2016,<ref name=" :0">{{cite news |last1=Rose |first1=Jordan |title=Everything You Need to Know About Tommy Richman |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/j-rose/everything-you-need-to-know-about-tommy-richman |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |date=29 April 2024 |language=en-us}}</ref> where he released his debut song "Ballin' Stalin".<ref name=" :1">{{cite news |last1=Encinas |first1=Amaris |title=Too early to call 'Million Dollar Baby' the song of the summer? Tommy Richman fans say 'no' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/05/01/million-dollar-baby-song-tommy-richman-brent-fiyaz-protege/73529294007/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[USA TODAY]] |date=1 May 2024}}</ref> He continued to release singles and [[EPs]],<ref name=" :1"/> with genres including [[R&B]] and [[punk rock]].<ref name=" :0"/> Richman released "Pleasantville" shortly before he was set to return for his sophomore college year, though he would drop out of college to pursue his music career after the song was well-received.<ref name="Lyr"/> In 2022, he released ''Paycheck'', his first EP.<ref name="BillBoard">{{cite news |last1=Lamarre |first1=Carl |title=Here Are Six Things to Know About ‘Million Dollar Baby’ Singer Tommy Richman |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/tommy-richman-million-dollar-baby/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=29 April 2024}}</ref> In 2023, Richman was signed to [[Brent Faiyaz]]'s independent [[record label]] ISO Supremacy,<ref name=" :1"/> with a partnered signing with PULSE Records.<ref name="BillBoard"/> Richman later opened for Faiyaz's tour ''F*ck the World, It’s a Wasteland Tour'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Phillips |first1=Demi |title=Who Is Tommy Richman? The Singer Behind The Hit Song "Million Dollar Baby" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/798265-tommy-richman-million-dollar-baby-singer |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[HotNewHipHop]] |date=7 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> while additionally appearing in Faiyaz's track "Upset" from the 2023 mixtape ''[[Larger than Life (mixtape)|Larger than Life]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Aaron |title=Who Is Tommy Richman? Meet The ’Million Dollar Baby’ Singer |url=https://uproxx.com/music/who-is-tommy-richman-million-dollar-baby/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[UPROXX]] |date=29 April 2024}}</ref> Throughout April 2024, Richman made teasers for his upcoming single "[[Million Dollar Baby (Tommy Richman song)|Million Dollar Baby]]" on [[TikTok]], the first of which being posted on April 13.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Arianna |title=Why ‘Million Dollar Baby’ Debuted High On Music Charts—Despite Rap Beefs And Taylor Swift’s Success |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ariannajohnson/2024/05/07/why-million-dollar-baby-debuted-high-on-music-charts-despite-rap-beefs-and-taylor-swifts-success/?sh=7c8cae761618 |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> which garnered millions of views on the platform. He later released the song on April 26, 2024,<ref name="BillBoard"/> quickly receiving 38 million streams having a US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] debut at #2.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garcia |first1=Thania |title=Tommy Richman’s ‘Million Dollar Baby’ Breaks Through at No. 2; Sabrina Carpenter’s ‘Espresso’ Keeps Heating Up the Hot 100 |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/million-dollar-baby-tommy-richman-debut-charts-sabrina-carpenter-espresso-1235993157/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=6 May 2024}}</ref> The song was additionally placed at #4 on the [[Apple Music]] Top 100, and was placed at #3 on Spotify's Top 50. It has been considered by some as the [[song of the summer]].<ref name="Forbes"/>

==Personal life==
Richman moved from Virginia to [[Los Angeles]] in 2022, where he has lived since.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Val |first1=Caroline |title=Tommy Richman Hasn't Forgotten His DMV Roots |url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/interview-tommy-richman-on-how-his-sound-has-evolved-17578438 |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[Miami New Times]] |date=8 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Albums===
#''ALLIGATOR'' (2022)
===EPs===
#Paycheck (2022)
#The Rush (2023)
===Singles===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of singles, showing year released and selected chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Year
! scope="col" colspan="10" | Peak chart positions
|-
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] <ref name="US">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/taylor-swift-post-malone-fortnight-number-one-hot-100-second-week/|title=Taylor Swift & Post Malone's 'Fortnight' Spends a Second Week at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|magazine=Billboard|date=May 6, 2024|access-date=May 6, 2024}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B /HH]] <ref name="US"/>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[ARIA Charts|AUS]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/singles-chart/2024-05-06|title=ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|date=May 6, 2024|access-date=May 3, 2024}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2024-05-11/|title=''Billboard'' Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 11, 2024|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=May 7, 2024}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/irish-singles-chart/20240503/ie7501/|title=Official Irish Singles Chart (2 May 2024 - 8 May 2024)|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=May 9, 2024}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Latvian Music Producers Association|LAT]] <ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2024 |title=Straumēšanas TOP 2024 – 18. nedēļa |trans-title=Streaming TOP 2024 – Week 18 |url=https://www.parmuziku.lv/chart?type=2&week=2024-W18&limit=100&id=5e472896c97ba |access-date=9 May 2024 |publisher=[[Latvian Music Producers Association|LAIPA]] |language=lv}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=5801|title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=May 6, 2024|access-date=May 3, 2024}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Discographie Tommy Richman|url=http://swisscharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tommy+Richman|access-date=May 9, 2024|publisher=[[Swiss Hitparade]]}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[UK Singles Chart|UK]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=TOMMY RICHMAN songs and albums {{!}} full Official Chart History|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/tommy-richman/|access-date=May 9, 2024|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.75em;font-size:85%;" | [[Billboard Global 200|WW]] <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/taylor-swift-post-malone-fortnight-number-one-global-charts-second-week-1235674761/|title=Taylor Swift & Post Malone's 'Fortnight' Adds Second Week at No. 1 on Billboard Global Charts|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=May 6, 2024|access-date=May 7, 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Pleasantville"
| rowspan="3" | 2019
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Walk"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Melba"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Avogadro's Number"
| rowspan="4" | 2020
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Pepsi Namco"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Tu Pax"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Uncle Pedro"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Chrono Trigger"
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Star Girl"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Games"
| rowspan="2" | 2022
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Paycheck"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Wish I Never Knew You"
| rowspan="3" | 2023
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "30 Till Midnight"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Last Nite"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Soulcrusher"
| rowspan="3" | 2024
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "Selfish"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Million Dollar Baby (Tommy Richman song)|Million Dollar Baby]]"
| 2 || 1 || 33 || 12 || 37 || 20 || 4 || 91 || 31 || 10
|-
| colspan="13" style="font-size:85%" | "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tommy-richman-mn0003874631 Tommy Richman] at [[AllMusic]]

[[Category:People from Prince William County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Virginia]]
[[Category:Musicians from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:American rhythm and blues musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century American male singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Gordon Sondland

2019-10-04T17:20:25Z

Ponydepression: /* Trump-Ukraine controversy */

{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Ambassador
|image = Gordon Sondland official photo.jpg
|office = [[United States Ambassador to the European Union]]
|president = [[Donald Trump]]
|term_start = July 9, 2018
|predecessor = [[Anthony L. Gardner]]
|spouse = Katherine J. Durant
|birth_name = Gordon David Sondland
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1957}}<ref name="oreg_Whoi">{{Cite web
| title = Who is Gordon Sondland? Portland hotel magnate’s stunning climb to Trump inner circle lands him in impeachment scandal
| author =
| work = oregonlive
| date =
| access-date = 4 October 2019
| url = https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2019/09/sondlands-stunning-climb-to-trump-inner-circle-lands-him-in-political-scandal.html
| quote = By the time Sondland was born in 1957,
}}</ref>

|birth_place = [[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], U.S.
|residence = Seattle, Washington, U.S.
|occupation = Businessman
|party = Republican
}}
'''Gordon D. Sondland''' is the [[United States Ambassador to the European Union]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/1945|title=PN1945 — Gordon D. Sondland — Department of State|date=June 28, 2018|website=Congress.Gov|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref> He is also the founder and chairman of [[Provenance Hotels]], co-founder of the [[merchant bank]] Aspen Capital. He was a major donor to [[Donald Trump]]’s 2016 presidential campaign.

==Career==

=== Provenance Hotels ===

Sondland’s company Provenance Hotels owns and manages hotels throughout the U.S. including the Hotel Max, and Hotel Theodore in [[Seattle, Washington]]; Hotel Murano in [[Tacoma, Washington]]; Hotel deLuxe, Hotel Lucia, Sentinel, Dossier, and Heathman Hotel in [[Portland, Oregon]]; The Hotel Preston in [[Nashville, Tennessee]]; and Old No. 77 Hotel and Chandlery in [[New Orleans, Louisiana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://provenancehotels.com/portfolio |title=Provenance Hotels Collection: Owned and Managed |website=Provenance Hotels |accessdate=February 21, 2018}}</ref>

In 1998, Sondland purchased and redeveloped four hotels in Seattle, Portland, and Denver including Seattle’s Alexis Hotel in partnership with Bill Kimpton. Sondland also is a principal in Seattle’s Paramount Hotel.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nabbefeld|first1=Joe|title=Developers buy share of Warshal site|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960116&slug=2309216 |website=seattletimes.com|accessdate=February 25, 2015}}</ref> Through Provenance Hotels, Sondland is developing hotel projects throughout the US, including in [[Seattle]], [[Hermosa Beach]], CA and [[Los Angeles]], CA. Provenance Hotels specializes in adaptations of old buildings such as with the Hotel Murano in [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], WA, which used to be a conference [[Sheraton Hotels and Resorts|Sheraton]], but now includes glass art by 46 artists including Seattle's [[Dale Chihuly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fsb/0802/gallery.glass_hotel.fsb/index.html |title=A temple of glass - Glass-bottomed boats |publisher=Money.cnn.com |date=February 29, 2008 |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref> Provenance is also known for designing or remodeling each hotel around themes that contain elements that relate to a location’s history, art, culture, and local businesses.<ref>{{cite web|author=Samantha Shankman |title=Provenance Hotels Integrates Local Products to Elevate Guest Experience|url=https://skift.com/2014/08/21/provenance-hotels-integrates-local-products-to-elevate-guest-experience/|website=Skift|accessdate=February 21, 2018 | date=August 21, 2014 }}</ref>

In 2013, Sondland and Provenance completed a renovation of Portland’s historic Governor Hotel, renaming it [[Sentinel Hotel|Sentinel]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Joe|title=Governor hotel to get new name: The Sentinel |url=http://www.kgw.com/story/news/2014/07/26/12617094/|website=kgw.com|accessdate=February 25, 2015}}</ref> In December 2015, Sondland and Provenance announced the establishment of the company's first real estate investment fund, Provenance Hotel Partners Fund I. The $525 million fund was created specifically for hotel real estate investment and, at the time of its announcement, was the fourth largest fund ever launched in the state of Oregon.<ref>http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/2015/12/provenance-to-buy-4-downtown-portland-hotels.html</ref>

In 2017, Provenance Hotels expanded its practice of revitalizing and rebranding hotels with locally-inspired art and design as a service to other hoteliers.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jon Bell |title=How Provenance is adding hotels without buying them
|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2017/02/22/how-provenance-is-adding-hotels-without-buying.html|website=Portland Business Journal|accessdate=February 21, 2018|date=February 22, 2017}}</ref>

=== United States Ambassador to the European Union ===
[[File:Secretary Pompeo Poses for a Photo With his Counterparts at the U.S. E.U. Energy Council Meeting (42650429564).jpg|thumb|Sondland at the United States–EU Energy Council meeting in [[Brussels]] on July 12, 2018]]
Mr. Sondland donated $1 million to the inaugural committee of [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]].<ref name="The New York Times 2019">{{cite web | title=Trump Envoys Pushed Ukraine to Commit to Investigations | website=The New York Times | date=2019-10-03 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/03/us/politics/trump-ukraine.html | access-date=2019-10-04}}</ref> On March 12, 2018, the [[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]] reported that President Trump selected Sondland to be the next United States Ambassador to the European Union.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-moves-to-appoint-new-ambassador-to-eu-1520866153|title=U.S. Moves to Appoint New Ambassador to EU |last=Sondland |first=Gordon|date=March 12, 2018|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref> On May 10, 2018, the White House announced that Sondland’s nomination had been sent to the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/five-nominations-two-withdrawals-sent-senate-today/|title=Five Nominations and Two Withdrawals Sent to the Senate Today|date=May 10, 2018|website=The White House |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> He was confirmed by the Senate on June 28, 2018.<ref name=":1" /> On July 9, 2018, Sondland presented his credentials at the European Commission and to President of the European Council Donald Tusk.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://useu.usmission.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/|title=U.S. Ambassador to the EU Gordon Sondland|date=July 9, 2018|website=U.S. Mission to the European Union|access-date=July 9, 2018}}</ref>

Sondland's nomination received bipartisan support during his confirmation hearing before the [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Senate Foreign Relations Committee]] on June 21, 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?447377-1/eu-nominee-gordon-sondland-testifies-confirmation-hearing|title=EU Nominee Gordon Sondland Testifies Confirmation Hearing|date=June 21, 2018|website=C-SPAN|access-date=June 22, 2018}}</ref> Both [[Ron Wyden|Sen. Ron Wyden]] (D-Ore.) and [[Thom Tillis|Sen. Thom Tillis]] (R-N.C.) testified in support of Sondland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bgov.com/core/news_articles/PAP0LP6TTDS1|title=Trump Pick for EU Envoy Wants to Cool Trade Tensions|last=Brevetti|first=Rossella|date=June 21, 2018|work=[[Bloomberg Law]]|access-date=June 22, 2018}}</ref> Sen. Wyden suggested that Sondland’s "family history is both fascinating and instructive as to why he has the experience and understanding to serve as the U.S. Ambassador to the E.U.," noting how his [[German Jews|Jewish]] parents fled Nazi Germany before coming to the United States.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|first= Gordon R. |last= Friedman |title= Portland hotelier who gave $1 million to Trump confirmed as ambassador |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=July 11, 2018 |url=https://expo.oregonlive.com/news/erry-2018/07/cdbfd3400b3583/portland-hotelier-who-gave-1-m.html }}</ref>

As Ambassador, Sondland has made strengthening US-EU trade relations a top priority.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/10/04/us-ambassador-europe-lets-take-china-together/|title=U.S. ambassador to Europe: Let's take on China together|last=Taylor|first=Adam|date=October 4, 2018|work=[[Washington Post]]|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> He has supported using a strong US-EU economic partnership to counter what Sondland has called “economic aggression and unfair trade practices” from China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu/we-must-face-china-together-new-u-s-envoy-to-brussels-tells-eu-idUSKCN1LN17P|title=We must face China together, new U.S. envoy to Brussels tells EU|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=September 7, 2018|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://euobserver.com/foreign/143026|title=EU and US should hold back China, Trump envoy says|last=Rettman|first=Andrew|date=October 4, 2018|work=EU Observer|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> In pursuit of this end, Sondland has promoted the idea of giving European governments access to the [[Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States]] (CFIUS) to allow them to better screen investors.<ref name=":2" />

Sondland has also pledged to work with the EU to address global security threats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2018/09/25/top-eu-security-chief-emphasizes-shared-self-interest-in-defense-cooperation-after-brexit/|title=Top EU security chief emphasizes 'shared self-interest' in defense cooperation after Brexit|last=Banks|first=Martin|date=2018-09-25|work=Defense News|access-date=2018-10-24|language=en-US}}</ref> He has been the Trump Administration's lead in talks with EU member countries on the U.S.'s decertification and withdrawal from the Iran Nuclear Deal.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-05/u-s-lambasts-europe-s-paper-tiger-response-to-iran-sanctions|title=U.S. Lambasts Europe's 'Paper Tiger' Response to Iran Sanctions|last=Bravo|first=Richard|date=November 5, 2018|website=Bloomberg|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/donald-trumps-man-in-brussels-extends-a-hand-to-the-eu/a-45622721|title=Donald Trump's man in Brussels extends a hand to the EU {{!}} 25.09.2018 |website=[[Dw.com]] |language=en|access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref> Sondland has repeatedly criticized EU member countries’ creation of a “special purpose vehicle” (SVP) to bypass reimposed U.S. sanctions on Iran, calling the SPV a “paper tiger.”<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/17/eu-us-relations-like-an-up-down-marriage-but-intact-us-ambassador|title=EU-US relations 'like an up-down marriage but intact' – US ambassador|last=Ghadakpour|first=Nima|date=October 17, 2018|work=Euronews|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/eu-and-iran-create-special-vehicle-for-trade-despite-us-sanctions/a-45623867|title=EU and Iran create 'special vehicle' for trade despite US sanctions {{!}} 25.09.2018|website=Deutsche Welle |language=en|access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref>

Sondland has also been a vocal opponent of the construction of Russia’s [[Nord Stream#Expansion: Nord Stream 2|Nord Stream 2]] pipeline, which would transport gas across the [[Baltic Sea]] to the EU.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-china/news/us-eu-should-clean-the-house-and-deal-with-china-us-ambassador/|title=US, EU should 'clean the house' and deal with China – US ambassador|last=Radosavljevic|first=Zoran|date=October 4, 2018|website=[[EURACTIV]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> He has argued that the pipeline would leave the EU dependent upon Russia for its energy needs and increase Russia’s leverage on key U.S. allies in [[NATO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-gazprom-nordstream-usa/u-s-envoy-warns-sanctions-still-an-option-against-nord-stream-2-idUSKCN1NI1FY|title=U.S. envoy warns sanctions still an option against Nord Stream 2|last=Macdonald|first=Alastair|date=November 13, 2018|website=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 15, 2018}}</ref> Sondland argued that "Putin uses energy as a political weapon. The EU should not rely on a bare-chested version of the [[Harry Potter]] villain [[Lord Voldemort]] as a supplier, even if his gas is a bit cheaper."<ref>{{cite news |title=Reliance on Russian gas has big risks for Europe |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4cfd4b1e-43eb-11e9-b83b-0c525dad548f |work=Financial Times |date=12 March 2019}}</ref>

Sondland has also worked on data protection rules regarding U.S. compliance with the EU-US privacy shield.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/us-fully-compliant-with-eu-privacy-shield-ambassador-reveals/|title=US 'fully compliant' with EU privacy shield, ambassador says|last=Stolton|first=Samuel|last2=Radosavljevic|first2=Zoran|date=October 3, 2018|website=EURACTIV|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref>

=== Trump–Ukraine controversy ===
{{further|Trump–Ukraine controversy}}
On September 26, 2019, the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]] released the unclassified text of the [[whistleblower]] complaint regarding the interactions between US President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President [[Volodymyr Zelensky]].<ref>{{cite report |author= |author-link= |authors= |date=September 26, 2019 |title=Declassified Whistleblower Complaint |url=https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20190812_-_whistleblower_complaint_unclass.pdf |publisher=US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence |page=4 |location=Washington DC |access-date=September 26, 2019 |quote= }}</ref> In this document, Ambassador Sondland, along with the US Special Representative for Ukraine Negotiations, Ambassador [[Kurt Volker]], were described as having "provided advice to the Ukrainian leadership about how to 'navigate' the demands that the President had made of Mr. Zelenskyy".<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Full Document: The Whistle-Blower Complaint (annotated version, including cover letter of Inspector General) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/09/26/us/politics/whistle-blower-complaint.html |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref>

In the complaint released by the US Select committee on Intelligence, Sondland's involvement in President Donald Trump's alleged criminal activity was outlined:

{{Quote
|text=[9/9/19, 12:47:11 AM] Bill Taylor: As I said on the phone, I think it's crazy to withhold security assistance for help with a political campaign.
}}

{{Quote
|text=[9/9/19, 5:19:35 AM] Gordon Sondland: Bill, I believe you are incorrect about President Trump's intentions. The President has been crystal clear no quid pro quo's of any kind. The President is trying to evaluate whether Ukraine is truly going to adopt the transparency and reforms that President Zelensky promised during his campaign I suggest we stop the back and forth by text If you still have concerns I recommend you give Lisa Kenna or S a call to discuss them directly. Thanks.
}} <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/03/politics/chairs-on-volker/index.html</ref>

==Political involvement==
Sondland was a member of the transition team for Governor [[Ted Kulongoski]]'s administration and was appointed by Kulongoski to serve on the board of the Governor's Office of Film & Television.<ref name="tribune">{{cite news|url=http://portlandtribune.com/news/print_story.php?story_id=129245065296643000 |title='Lottery row' a magnet for crime |newspaper=[[Portland Tribune]] |date=December 16, 2010 |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |first=Steve |last=Law}}</ref> He was appointed the commission’s chair in 2002 and has served in that capacity until 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonfilm.org/about/|accessdate=February 24, 2015|title=Oregon Film: About}}</ref> During his tenure on the film board, Sondland was instrumental in bringing the production of such television series as [[Leverage (TV series)|Leverage]], [[The Librarians (2014 TV series)|The Librarians]] and [[Grimm (TV series)|Grimm]] to Oregon<ref>{{cite web|last=George |first=Milo |url=http://www.backstage.com/news/surprising-success-portland-film-and-tv/ |title=The Surprising Success of Portland Film and TV |publisher=Backstage |date=May 7, 2014 |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref> and presided over the state securing the production of feature-length films such as [[Wild (2014 film)|Wild]] starring Reese Witherspoon, [[Thumbsucker (film)|Thumbsucker]] starring Tilda Swinton and [[The Ring Two]] starring Naomi Watts. At the 2015 Oregon Film Annual Governor’s Awards, Sondland received the "Achievement in Film Service Award" for his role in growing Oregon’s film industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oregonconfluence.com/2015/01/07/the-oregon-film-annual-governors-awards/|title=The Oregon Film Annual Governor's Awards|date=January 7, 2015 |website=The Confluence|access-date=March 1, 2018}}</ref>

Sondland also served as Oregon liaison to the White House. As an advisor to Kulongoski, Sondland suggested appointing Ted Wheeler as state treasurer, which Kulongoski did in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kulongoski|first1=Ted|title=Letter to Gordon Sondland from Governor Ted Kulongowski dated 1/4/2011|url=http://imgur.com/oMQNLgE|publisher=Office of Governor Ted Kulongoski|accessdate=February 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2007 President [[George W. Bush]] appointed Sondland as a member of the Commission on [[White House Fellows]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/fellows/about/commissionerservice.html |title=White House Fellowships: Commission Members |publisher=The White House |accessdate=May 9, 2012}}</ref> Sondland collaborates with President Bush and [[Jay Leno]] on an annual charitable auction of an autographed vehicle, with proceeds benefitting the [[Fisher House Foundation]] and the George W. Bush Foundation’s Military Service Initiative.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Marbley|first1=Sanaz|url=http://news.barrett-jackson.com/ford-f-150-owned-by-president-george-w-bush-to-be-auctioned-at-barrett-jackson-scottsdale/| title=Ford F-150 Owned By President George W. Bush To Be Auctioned At Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale |website=barrett-jackson.com|publisher=Barrett-Jackson}}</ref> He was a [[Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States#Bundling|bundler]] for Mit Romney's 2012 Presidential campaign, and in 2012, Sondland was selected to serve as a member of [[Mitt Romney]]'s presidential transition team.<ref name="Oregonian">{{cite news |title=Who is Gordon Sondland? Portland hotel magnate's stunning climb to Trump inner circle lands him in impeachment scandal |first=Jeff |last=Manning |date=September 30, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2019/09/sondlands-stunning-climb-to-trump-inner-circle-lands-him-in-political-scandal.html |archive-url=https://archive.fo/wY1KK |archive-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.amazon.com/Romney-Readiness-Project-Christopher-Liddell-ebook/dp/B00DNBH6PK/ref=tmm_kin_title_sr?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1519252311&sr=8-1| title=Romney Readiness Project|last=Liddell|first=Christopher|last2=Kroese|first2=Daniel|last3=Campbell |first3=Clark|publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC|year=2013|pages=Kindle Edition, Location 2329}}</ref>

During the [[2016 United States presidential election]], Sondland initially supported Donald Trump, but cancelled a fundraiser and repudiated Trump for his attacks on [[Khizr and Ghazala Khan]].<ref name="Oregonian"/> In April 2017, it was revealed that 4 companies registered to Sondland donated $1 million to the Donald Trump inaugural committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/04/21/portland-executive-covertly-donates-1-million-to-inauguration-after-being-shamed-over-trump-support/ |title=Portland Executive Covertly Donates $1 Million to Inauguration After Being Shamed Over Trump Support|work=[[The Intercept]]|accessdate=April 21, 2017|date=April 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2017/04/250-donors-shelled-out-100k-or-more-for-trumps-inauguration/|title=250 donors shelled out $100k or more for Trump's inauguration, providing 91% of funds|work=[[Center for Responsive Politics]]|accessdate=April 21, 2017|date=April 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2017/04/portland_hotelier_concealed_1.html|title=Portland hotelier concealed $1 million donation to Trump inauguration|work=[[OregonLive.com]] |accessdate=April 21, 2017}}</ref>

As a result of his political involvement, Sondland and his businesses have been the subject of increased press coverage, especially among local media outlets. However, recent attempts to criticize his business practices in publications like Willamette Week and Eater Portland were later corrected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wweek.com/news/2017/12/05/records-show-portland-hotelier-gordon-sondland-stopped-paying-his-contractor-on-the-fancy-failed-restaurant-omerta/ |title=Records Show Contractor Payment Dispute on the Fancy, Failed Restaurant Omerta [Updated]|work=[[Willamette Week]]|accessdate=February 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pdx.eater.com/2017/12/6/16743554/provenance-hotels-contractor-payment-dispute-portland-pdx |title=Contractors Allege Missing Payments on Now-Closed Omerta Restaurant [Updated] |work=[[Eater Portland]]|accessdate=February 13, 2018|date=December 6, 2017 }}</ref>

==Philanthropy==

Sondland serves on the [[board of trustees]] at the [[Oregon Health & Science University]] foundation<ref name="tribune"/> and the board of visitors of the [[Sanford School of Public Policy]] at [[Duke University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://registrar.duke.edu/sites/default/files/bulletins/2017-18/2017-18%20Sanford%20Bulletin.pdf|title=Bulletin of Duke University {{!}} Sanford School of Public Policy|date=August 2017|access-date=February 23, 2018}}</ref> Sondland joined the board of trustees at the [[Portland Art Museum]] - one of the oldest and largest art museums in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portlandartmuseum.org/about/museum-facts/ |title=Museum Facts |work=[[Portland Art Museum]] |accessdate=February 22, 2018}}</ref> - in 1996 and was elected chair of the [[executive committee]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bendbugle.com/oregon/kulongoski-announces-transition-team/ |title=Kulongoski announces transition team |publisher=Bend Bugle |date=November 26, 2002 |accessdate=May 9, 2012}}</ref> The Trustee Room, a Contemporary Gallery, and the Grand Staircase at the Portland Art Museum are also named after Sondland and his wife Katherine Durant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://events.portlandartmuseum.org/venues/gordon_d_sondland_amp_katherine_j_durant_trustee_room |title=Gordon D. Sondland & Katherine J. Durant Trustee Room |work=[[Portland Art Museum]] |accessdate=February 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portlandartmuseum.us/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=2312;type=707 |title=Katherine Durant and Gordon Sondland Gallery |work=[[Portland Art Museum]]|accessdate=February 22, 2018}}</ref>

Sondland founded the [[Gordon Sondland and Katherine J. Durant Foundation]] in 1999, which was established to "help families and boost communities".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sondlanddurant.org/ |website=[[Gordon Sondland and Katherine J. Durant Foundation]] |title=Home Page | accessdate=February 22, 2018}}</ref> The Foundation has given millions of dollars to various non-profits including $1,000,000 to the Portland Art Museum to endow permanent access for children under the age of eighteen.<ref>{{cite news|first=Lynne |last=Terry |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/05/free_washington_park_concerts.html |title=$50,000 pledge may bring music back to Washington Park |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |date=May 8, 2009 |accessdate=May 9, 2012}}</ref> The Foundation helped establish a Distinguished Chair in Spine for pediatric orthopedic spine research at the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Devroy|first1=Neil|title=Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children Establishes Distinguished Chair in Spine |url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/10/prweb10017967.htm|website=tsrhc.org}}</ref>

In 2012, the Foundation used the proceeds from the auction of a 2009 Ford F-150 that was previously owned by former President [[George W. Bush]] for a donation to the [[Fisher House Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barrett-jackson.com/Media/Home/Reader/ford-f-150-owned-by-president-george-w-bush-to-be-auctioned-at-barrett-jackson-scottsdale/|title=Ford F-150 Owned By President George W. Bush To Be Auctioned At Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale|date=December 12, 2012 |website=Barrett-Jackson|access-date=March 1, 2018}}</ref> Sondland is also a National Finance Co-Chairman of the [[George W. Bush Presidential Center]] in Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gordonsondland.com/bio/|title=Gordon D. Sondland (Bio) |website=GordonDSondland.com|access-date=March 5, 2018}}</ref>

Sondland and the Foundation partnered with the River Club in 2013 to provide breakfast for the foreseeable future for students of the Simonga Basic School in Zambia.<ref>{{cite web|title=The River Club Delivers Water to Simonga Health Post in Zambia|url=http://www.wilderness-safaris.com/about/media-and-press/the-river-club-delivers-water-to-simonga-health-post-in-zambia |accessdate=February 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2014, the Foundation gave a $1,000,000 endowment to Oregon Health & Science University to establish the Sondland-Durant Distinguished Research Conference, a cancer research summit to begin in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hayes|first1=Elizabeth |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/health-care-inc/2014/05/1m-gift-will-enable-ohsu-to-bring-together-best.html|title=$1M gift will enable OHSU to bring together best minds for cancer conference |publisher=Portland Business Journal|accessdate=February 24, 2015}}</ref> In 2017, the Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Duke University was created with the support of the Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sondlanddurant.org/grants/|title=Partial List of Beneficiaries|website=Sondland Durant Foundation|access-date=February 23, 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sondland is married to Katherine Durant, who is the founder and managing partner of Atlas/RTG, a holding company with a portfolio of shopping centers throughout Oregon.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} Until 2016, Durant was the Chairperson of the Oregon Investment Council, the body that oversees the over $85 billion Public Employees Retirement System Fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/12/outgoing_oregon_investment_cou.html |title=Outgoing Oregon Investment Council Chair Submits Her List of Pension Fixes |work=[[The Oregonian]]|accessdate=February 20, 2018}}</ref> They have two children.

In January 2018, Sondland and Durant were featured as the "January Power Couple" in Oregon Business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oregonbusiness.com/article/lifestyle/item/18138-january-power-couple |title=Power Couple: Gordon Sondland and Katy Durant |work=[[Oregon Business (magazine)|Oregon Business]]|accessdate=February 20, 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Gordon D. Sondland}}
* [http://www.sondlanddurant.org/ Sondland Durant Foundation]
* [https://www.gordonsondland.com/ Gordon Sondland's Website]
* {{C-SPAN|114496}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Anthony L. Gardner]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Ambassador to the European Union]]|years=2018–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}
{{USEUambassadors}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sondland, Gordon}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to the European Union]]
[[Category:Oregon Republicans]]
[[Category:American hoteliers]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Oregon Health & Science University people]]
[[Category:People from Beaverton, Oregon]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Synovate

2019-06-15T21:59:03Z

Ponydepression:

{{Infobox Unternehmen
| Name = Synovate Ltd.
| Logo = Synovate.svg
| Unternehmensform = [[Limited]]
| ISIN =
| Gründungsdatum = Januar 2003
| Sitz = {{SGP}}
| Leitung = Robert Philpott, [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]
| Mitarbeiterzahl = 6000+ (Januar 2008)
| Umsatz = ca. 560 Millionen [[Euro|EUR]] (2007)
| Branche = [[Marktforschung]], [[Meinungsforschung]]
| Homepage = [http://www.synovate.com/ www.synovate.com]{{Toter Link}}
}}
{{veraltet|seit=2008}}
'''Synovate''' ist eines der größten [[Ad hoc|Ad-hoc]]-[[Marktforschung]]sinstitute (aktuell auf Platz 4 nach Umsatz) in Deutschland und gehört weltweit zu den Top 10 der Branche.<ref>[https://www.tu-braunschweig.de/Medien-DB/marketing/tubs_vortrag.pdf Besonderheiten und Herausforderungen in der internationalen Kundenzufriedenheitsforschung] (tu-braunschweig.de, abgerufen am 4. August 2016)</ref>

Im Januar 2003 wurde die [[Marke]] Synovate von der britischen [[Aegis Group]] ins Leben gerufen, unter der sich fortan alle ihr angehörenden Marktforschungsinstitute zusammenschlossen.
Unter den damaligen 77 Gründungsinstituten waren unter anderem: Asia Market Intelligence, Market Facts, Motoresearch, Pegram Walters, Research Fact, Sample Survey Ltd. uvm.

Im Oktober 2011 wurde Synovate von [[Ipsos]] erworben. Durch diese Übernahme entsteht das drittgrößte globale Marktforschungsinstitut.<ref>{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.ipsos.com/sites/ipsos.com/files/PRESS%20RELEASE%2012OCT2011.pdf |wayback=20121021171653 |text=Archivierte Kopie |archiv-bot=2019-05-16 20:24:42 InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> 

Weltweit beschäftigt Synovate über 6000 Mitarbeiter und ist mit 130 Büros in 62 Ländern vertreten. Eine Besonderheit Synovates ist, dass es kein zentrales Hauptquartier, von dem aus der Konzern gesteuert wird, gibt.

In Deutschland ist das Unternehmen seit 2001 aktiv. 2005 wurde die Marktforschungsabteilung von [[Roland Berger Strategy Consultants]], Roland Berger Market Research und das [[Institut für Jugendforschung]], aufgekauft.
Hieraus ergeben sich auch die Standorte in Frankfurt am Main, München und Hamburg.
Geschäftsführer der deutschen Niederlassung (Synovate GmbH) ist seit 2005 Harald Hasselmann.

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

[[Kategorie:Marktforschungsunternehmen]]
[[Kategorie:Dienstleistungsunternehmen (Frankfurt am Main)]]

Addison (Maine)

2017-10-13T17:44:11Z

Ponydepression: /* Public facilities and services */

Benutzer:Rogi.Official/Artikel/Werkstatt/Medium.com

2017-06-23T04:30:46Z

Ponydepression: don't see what the qualification adds

{{Infobox dot-com company
| name = Medium
| slogan =
| logo = [[File:Medium (publishing platform) Logo 2015.png|100px]]
| company_type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| foundation =
| dissolved =
| location =
| locations =
| incorporated =
| area_served = Worldwide
| founder = [[Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]]
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| president =
| CEO = Evan Williams
| MD =
| GM =
| key_people =
| industry = [[Internet]]
| products = {{flatlist|
*[[Blog]]
*[[online publication]]
}}
| services = {{flatlist|
*[[Blog publishing system|Blog host]]
*[[social network|social platform]]
*[[publisher]]
}}
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = A Medium Corporation
| num_employees =85 (May 2017)<ref name=nyt2017/>
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| company_slogan =
| url = {{URL|https://medium.com}}
| programming_language =
| ipv6 =
| alexa = {{increase}} 333 ({{as of|2016|11|21}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/medium.com |title=medium.com Site Info |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 22 August 2016}}</ref>
| website_type =
| advertising =
| registration = [[Free access]] to articles written by registered accounts, but required for publishing and writing articles
| num_users =
| language = English (specific publications can be in Spanish, or French etc...)
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2012|8|15}}
| current_status = Active
| screenshot = [[File:Medium Screenshot.JPG|center|275px]]
| caption = Screenshot as of June 2016.
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}
'''Medium''' is an [[Electronic publishing|online publishing platform]] developed by [[Twitter]] co-founder [[Evan Williams (Internet entrepreneur)|Evan Williams]], and launched in August 2012. It is owned by A Medium Corporation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter Co-Founder Evan Williams' Blogging Platform Medium Opens Signups To All |url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2013/10/25/twitter-co-founder-evan-williams-blogging-platform-medium-opens-signups-to-all/ |website=TechCrunch|accessdate=2015-09-10|first=Matthew|last=Panzarino}}</ref> The platform is an example of [[social journalism]], having a hybrid collection of amateur and professional people and publications, or exclusive blogs or publishers on Medium<ref>{{cite web|last=Sussman|first=Ed|title=The New Rules of Social Journalism|url=http://pando.com/2014/03/29/the-new-rules-of-social-journalism-a-proposal/|work=Pando Daily|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> and is regularly regarded as a [[Blog|blog host]].

Williams developed Medium as a way to publish writings and documents longer than Twitter's 140-character maximum. It eventually grew into a separate platform independent of Twitter's brand.

Medium also has its own publications, including the online music magazine ''Cuepoint'', edited by [[Jonathan Shecter]]; ''NewCo Shift'', led by entrepreneur, author, and journalist [[John Battelle]]; and the technology publication, ''[[Backchannel (blog)|Backchannel]]'', edited by [[Steven Levy]].

== Background ==
Williams created Medium from the ground up, with the idea of encouraging users to create longer posts than the 140-character standard of Twitter. When it launched in 2012, Williams stated, "There's been less progress toward raising the quality of what's produced."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/08/15/twitter-founders-unveil-new-publishing-medium/|title=Twitter Founders Unveil New Publishing ‘Medium’|first=John|last=Letzing|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=15 August 2012|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> By April 2013, Williams reported there were 30 full-time staff working on the platform,<ref name="techcrunch13"/> including a vacancy for a "Storyteller" role,<ref name="techcrunch">{{cite web|url=http://techcrunch.com/2012/11/15/ev-williams-takes-to-medium-to-discuss-the-true-purpose-of-his-new-publishing-tool/|title=Ev Williams Takes To Medium To Discuss The True Purpose Of His New Publishing Tool|last=Olanoff|first=Drew|date=15 November 2012|publisher=''TechCrunch''|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> and that it was taking "98 percent" of his time.<ref name="techcrunch13">{{cite web|url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/05/the-obvious-corp-takes-backseat-as-ev-williams-biz-stone-and-jason-goldman-shift-focus-to-individual-startups/|title=Williams, Biz Stone, And Jason Goldman Shift Focus To Individual Startups|first=Colleen|last=Taylor|publisher=TechCrunch|date=5 April 2013|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> By August, Williams reported that the site was still small, though he was still optimistic about it, saying "We are trying to make it as easy as possible for people who have thoughtful things to say".<ref name="businessweek">{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-08-22/twitter-co-creator-ev-williams-stretches-the-medium|title=Twitter Co-Creator Ev Williams Stretches the Medium|first=Brad|last=Stone|date=22 August 2013|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref>

Medium has been focusing on optimizing the time visitors spend reading the site (1.5 million hours in March 2015), as opposed to maximizing the size of its audience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/data-lab/mediums-metric-that-matters-total-time-reading-86c4970837d5|title=Medium’s metric that matters: Total Time Reading|date=2013-11-21|website=Data Lab|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/04/ev-williams-rules-quality-content-clickbait-age/|title=Ev Williams’ Rules for Quality Content in the Clickbait Age|last=Hempel|first=Jessi|work=WIRED|access-date=2017-03-10|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2015, Williams criticized the standard web traffic metric of [[unique visitors]] as "a highly volatile and meaningless number for what we’re trying to do".<ref name=":0" /> As of May 2017, Medium.com had 60 million unique monthly readers, according to the company.<ref name=nyt2017>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/20/technology/evan-williams-medium-twitter-internet.html|title=‘The Internet Is Broken’: @ev Is Trying to Salvage It|last=Streitfeld|first=David|date=2017-05-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-22|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 2016, Medium introduced advertising, and gained several publishers as customers to host their content on the platform.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-the-meltdown-of-evan-williams-startup-medium-2017-2|title=INSIDE MEDIUM'S MELTDOWN: How an idealistic Silicon Valley founder raised $134 million to change journalism, then crashed into reality|work=Business Insider|access-date=2017-03-10|language=en}}</ref>

In January 2017, Williams announced that Medium was cutting its staff by 50 employees (around one third, "mostly in sales, support, and other business functions"), and closing its offices in New York and Washington D.C.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://blog.medium.com/renewing-mediums-focus-98f374a960be|title=Renewing Medium’s focus|last=Williams|first=Evan|date=2017-01-04|work=Medium|access-date=2017-03-10|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref> He explained that "we had started scaling up the teams to sell and support products that were, at best, incremental improvements on the ad-driven publishing model", but that Medium was instead aiming for a "new [business] model for writers and creators to be rewarded, based on the value they’re creating for people".<ref name=":2" /> At that time, the company had raised $134 million in investment from venture capital firms and Williams himself.<ref name=":1" />

In March 2017, Medium announced a membership program for $5/month offering access to "well-researched explainers, insightful perspectives, and useful knowledge with a longer shelf life", with authors being paid a flat amount per article.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/03/media-is-broken-so-mediums-launching-a-5month-member-program-that-offers-small-upgrades/|title='Media is broken,' so Medium’s launching a $5/month member program that offers small upgrades|last=Owen|first=Laura Hazard|date=2017-03-22|work=Nieman Lab|access-date=2017-03-25|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>

== User information and features ==

=== Platform ===

The platform software provides a full [[WYSIWYG]] user interface when editing online, with various options for formatting provided as the user edits over [[Rich Text Format|rich text format]].

Once an entry is posted, it can be recommended and shared by other people, in a similar manner to Twitter.<ref name="techcrunch" /> Posts can be [[Like button|upvoted]] in a similar manner to [[Reddit]], and content can be assigned a specific theme, in the same way as [[Tumblr]].

Users can create a new account using an email address or a Twitter, [[Facebook]], or [[Google]] account.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@Medium/login-faq-27a103f5b914|title=Medium Login FAQ|last=|first=|date=|website=medium.com|publisher=|accessdate=2014-10-25}}</ref>

=== Tag system ===
A specific difference from Williams' earlier service [[Blogger (service)|Blogger]] is that posts are sorted by topic rather than writer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/biz-stone-evan-williams-and-jason-goldman-launch-medium-2012-8|title=The Cofounders Of Twitter Launch A New Blog Platform, Medium|last=Shontell|first=Alyson|date=15 August 2012|work=Business Insider|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> The platform uses the system of recommendations, similar to "likes" on Facebook, to up vote the best articles and stories, called the Tag system, and divides the stories into different categories to let the audiences choose.

=== Publications ===
"''Publications''" on Medium are distributing hosts that carry articles and blog posts, like a [[newspaper]] or [[magazine]]. The articles published or saved on can be assigned [[Editing|editors]], and can be saved as drafts.

''Cuepoint'', Medium's music publication, is edited by [[Jonathan Shecter]], a music industry entrepreneur and co-founder of ''[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]'' magazine. It publishes essays on artists, trends, and releases, written by Medium community contributors, major record executives, and music journalists,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ofa.fas.harvard.edu/event/music-producer-jonathan-shecter-and-musicianproducer-dan-freemanentrepreneurship-digital |title=music producer JONATHAN SHECTER and musician/producer DAN FREEMAN: Entrepreneurship in the Digital Music Industry |work=[[Harvard University|The Office for the Arts at Harvard]] |accessdate=October 2, 2015 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6bzSgksRW?url=http://ofa.fas.harvard.edu/event/music-producer-jonathan-shecter-and-musicianproducer-dan-freemanentrepreneurship-digital |archivedate=October 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> including [[Robert Christgau]], who contributed his ''Expert Witness'' [[capsule review]] column.<ref>{{cite web|last=Christgau|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Christgau|date=August 14, 2015|url=http://noisey.vice.com/blog/expert-witness-with-robert-christgau-1|title=Welcome to Expert Witness, a New Weekly Column by the Dean of American Rock Critics|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}</ref> Medium also publishes a technology publication called ''Backchannel'', edited by [[Steven Levy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/backchannel/why-i-started-backchannel-2e1a14f689d1|title=Why I Started Backchannel|author=Steven Levy|work=Medium|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref>

On February 23, 2016, it was announced that Medium had reached a deal to host the new [[Bill Simmons]] website, ''The Ringer''.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Medium: Home of The Ringer|url = https://medium.com/@el/medium-home-of-the-ringer-829dd263f955#.ngt4txhz0|website = Medium|date = 2016-02-23|access-date = 2016-02-23|first = Edward|last = Lichty}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Reviewing the service at its launch in 2012, ''[[The Guardian]]'' enjoyed some of the collections that had been created, particularly a collection of nostalgic photographs created by Williams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2012/aug/15/twitter-founders-new-branch-medium |title=Twitter founders launch two new websites, Medium and Branch|work=The Guardian|date=15 August 2012|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> [[TechCrunch]]'s Drew Olanoff suggested the platform might have taken its name from being a "medium" sized platform in between Twitter and full-scale blogging platforms such as Blogger.<ref name="techcrunch"/>

[[Lawrence Lessig]] welcomed the platform's affordance of [[Creative Commons]] licensing for user content,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lessig |first1=Lawrence |authorlink1=Lawrence Lessig |title=Why I'm Excited for Medium's Partnership with Creative Commons |url=https://medium.com/@lessig/why-i-m-excited-for-medium-s-partnership-with-creative-commons-127b0ef02b03 |publisher=Medium |accessdate=2015-09-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911161848/https://medium.com/%40lessig/why-i-m-excited-for-medium-s-partnership-with-creative-commons-127b0ef02b03 |archivedate=September 11, 2015 |date=May 6, 2015 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> a feature demonstrated in a Medium project with ''[[The Public Domain Review]]''—an interactive online edition of ''Alice's Adventures In Wonderland'', annotated by a dozen Carroll scholars, allowing free [[remixes]] of the [[public domain]] and [[Creative Commons]] licensed text and art resources with reader-supplied commentaries and artwork.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Park|first1=Jane|title=Happy 150th, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland!|url=http://creativecommons.org/tag/alice-in-wonderland|publisher=[[Creative Commons]]|accessdate=2015-09-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905185023/http://creativecommons.org/tag/alice-in-wonderland |archivedate=2015-09-05|date=July 28, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Editor|title=About 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'|url=https://medium.com/alice-s-adventures-in-wonderland/about|publisher=Medium.com|accessdate=2015-09-16}}</ref>

However, in 2013 the service suffered criticism from writers, with some confused about exactly what it is expected to provide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://upstart.bizjournals.com/companies/media/2013/08/23/questions-about-medium-and-content.html?page=all|title=Mysterious Medium has writers moderately freaked out |first=Alex |last=Dalenberg |work=Upstart Business Journal|date=23 August 2013|accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref>

== Censorship ==
=== Malaysia ===
In January 2016, Medium received a take down notice from the [[Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission]] for one of the articles published by the [[Sarawak Report]]. The ''Sarawak Report'' had been hosting its articles on Medium since July 2015, when its own website was blocked by the Malaysian government.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Sarawak Report whistle blowing website blocked by Malaysia after PM allegations|URL = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/20/sarawak-report-whistleblowing-website-blocked-by-malaysia-over-pm-allegations|newspaper = The Guardian|date = 2015-07-20|access-date = 2016-01-27|issn = 0261-3077|language = en-GB|first = Beh Lih|last = Yi}}</ref>

Medium's legal team responded to the commission with a request for a copy of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission's official statement that the post was untrue, for information on which parts of the article were found false, and for information on whether the dispute has been raised in court. The site declined to take the content down until directed to do so by an order from a court of competent jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Post Stays Up|URL = https://medium.com/medium-legal/the-post-stays-up-d222e34cb7e7#.ktxnppicb|website = Medium|date = 2016-01-26|access-date = 2016-01-27|first = Medium|last = Legal}}</ref> In response, as of January 27, 2016, all content on Medium has been unavailable for Malaysian internet users.

=== Egypt ===
As of June 2017, Medium has been blocked in [[Egypt]] along with more than 60 online media websites in a crackdown by the Egyptian government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/egypt-bans-62-news-websites-latest-media-crackdown-170612164646323.html|title=Egypt bans Medium as media crackdown widens|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2017-06-17}}</ref> The list of blocked sites also includes [[Al Jazeera]], the [[Huffington Post]]'s Arabic website and [[Mada Masr]].

== Engineering ==
Medium's initial technology stack relied on a variety of [[Amazon Web Services|AWS]] services including [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|EC2]], [[Amazon S3|S3]], and [[Amazon CloudFront|CloudFront]]. It was originally written in [[Node.js]] and the text editor that Medium users wrote blog posts with was based on [[TinyMCE]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://stackshare.io/medium/the-stack-that-helped-medium-scale-to-2-6-millennia-of-reading-time|title=The Stack That Helped Medium Scale To 2.6 Millennia Of Reading Time - Medium {{!}} StackShare|work=StackShare|access-date=2017-05-31}}</ref> As of 2017, the blogging platform's technology stack included AWS services, including [[Amazon Elastic Block Store|EBS]], [[Amazon Relational Database Service|RDS]] for Aurora, and [[Amazon Route 53|Route 53]], its image server was written in [[Go (programming language)|Go]] and the main app servers were still written in Node.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://stackshare.io/medium/medium-com|title=Medium.com tech stack|last=|first=|date=|work=StackShare|access-date=2017-05-31|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Blog hosting services]]
[[Category:Blog software]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2012]]
[[Category:Social networking services]]
[[Category:Twitter services and applications]]
[[Category:Virtual communities]]

Bobby Bare Jr.

2017-04-15T17:45:53Z

Ponydepression: /* Early life */

{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Bobby Bare Jr.
| image = BBJ nyc.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Bare in NYC
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Robert Joseph Bare Jr.<ref name=discogs />
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|6|28}}
| birth_place = [[Nashville, Tennessee]], United States
| origin =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| genre = [[Americana music|Americana]], [[alternative country]], [[Rock music|rock]]
| occupation = [[Musician]]
| instrument = [[Guitar]], [[vocals]]
| years_active = 1974–present
| label = [[Immortal Records|Immortal]], [[Epic Records|Epic]], [[Virgin Records|Virgin]], [[Bloodshot Records|Bloodshot]], 30 Tigers/Naked Albino
| associated_acts = Young Criminals, Starvation League, [[Bobby Bare|Bobby Bare, Sr.]], Bare Jr., [[Guided By Voices]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.bobbybarejr.com}}
| notable_instruments =
}}

'''Robert Joseph "Bobby" Bare Jr.''' (born June 28, 1966)<ref name=discogs>{{cite web|title=Bobby Bare Jr.|url=http://www.discogs.com/artist/Bobby+Bare+Jr.|work=Discogs|accessdate=4 October 2013|quote=Real name: Robert Joseph Bare Jr.}}</ref> is an American [[singer-songwriter]] and musician.<ref name="Petrusich2009">{{cite book|last=Petrusich|first=Amanda|title=It Still Moves: Lost Songs, Lost Highways, and the Search for the Next American Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgWco-s-Zp4C&pg=PT98|accessdate=24 June 2012|date=2009-08-18|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780865479043|pages=98–}}</ref>

==Early life==
Bare was born in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], the son of singer Jeannie Bare (née Sterling) and [[country music]]ian [[Bobby Bare|Bobby Bare, Sr.]]<ref name=NYT-BB-BBJ-2005>{{cite news |last=Ratliff |first=Ben|title=A Country Singer Returns to What Made Him a Star|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/arts/music/25bare.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=11 January 2014|newspaper=New York Times|date=October 25, 2005}}</ref> His parents met in 1963, when his father hired Bare's mother to join his act as a singer.<ref name=BB-People-1982 /> Bare's mother, Jeannie, was a shopkeeper in Nashville.<ref name=latimes-1998 />

Bare has a younger brother, Shannon, and a younger sister, Angela. His older sister Cari Jean (Jeannie's daughter by an earlier marriage) died suddenly at age 15 from complications after surgery.<ref name=BB-People-1982>{{cite web |last=McCall|first=Cheryl|title=To Hold His C&W Audience, Bobby Bare Is Usually 500 Miles Away from Home—or More |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20082932,00.html|work=People Magazine|accessdate=11 January 2014|date=August 23, 1982}}</ref>

Bare grew up in [[Hendersonville, Tennessee]], a half an hour northeast of Nashville, where his family lived next door to [[Tammy Wynette]] and [[George Jones]].<ref name=bbj-abt>{{cite web|title=Bobby Bare Jr. - About|url=http://www.bobbybarejr.com/about|work=BobbyBareJr.com|accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref>

He has a degree in psychology from the [[University of Tennessee]].

Bare has three children: daughter Isabella Bare, son Beckham Bare (from his first wife) and son Shelby Booker Bare (from his girlfriend).<ref name=emusic-blackstock>{{cite web |last=Blackstock |first=Peter|title=Interview: Bobby Bare Jr.|url=http://www.emusic.com/music-news/interview/bobby-bare-jr/|work=emusic Q&A|publisher=emusic.com|accessdate=4 October 2013|date=August 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Boot-2010 />

==Career==
{{Quote box
|quote = "[My dad] is three times the singer I am," says Bare Jr. "Once the audience sees him perform they'll realize I'm only using 10 percent of my genetic potential. I'll be exposed for my slacker attitude."
|source = Bobby Bare Jr.<ref name=ChiTrib-BB-BBJ-2006>{{cite news|last=Downing|first=Andy|title=Bobby Bare Sr. and son tackle uncharted country|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-05-26/entertainment/0605260297_1_bare-jr-father-and-son-son-s-music|accessdate=11 January 2014|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=May 26, 2006}}</ref>
|width = 20%
|align = left
}}
In 1974, when Bobby was only eight, he and his father were both nominated for a [[Grammy]] for the song "Daddy What If", which was written by [[Shel Silverstein]].<ref name=charleston-ss>{{cite news|last=Pandolfi|first=Elizabeth|title=Bobby Bare Jr. carries on Shel Silverstein's legacy: Bare in there|url=http://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/bobby-bare-jr-carries-on-shel-silversteins-legacy/Content?oid=4615034|accessdate=4 October 2013|newspaper=Charleston City Paper|date=April 24, 2013}}</ref> Bare's daughter Isabella did a version of the song,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bobby Bare Jr. & Isabella Bare - Daddy, What If|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w875LKYnLrc|publisher=YouTube|date=Jun 24, 2010}}</ref> which was featured on ''[[Twistable Turnable Man]]'', a tribute album to [[Shel Silverstein]] which was co-produced by Bare and his father. He and his siblings also appeared on the TV show ''[[Hee Haw]]'' when he was a kid, to provide the witch scream on [[Bobby Bare|Bobby Bare, Sr.]]'s song "Marie Laveaux".<ref name=latimes-1998>{{cite news|last=Boehm|first=Mike|title=In the Cave of the Clan Bare: Raucous Bobby Jr. and Smooth Bobby Sr. Work in Different Worlds but Enjoy a Closeness|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/nov/11/entertainment/ca-41427|accessdate=4 October 2013|newspaper=LA Times|date=November 11, 1998}}</ref>

He began playing guitar and songwriting, and started as a professional musician when he was about 30.<ref name=anchorage-press>{{cite news|last=Kopet|first=Jeri|title=Grin and Bare It |url=http://www.anchoragepress.com/arts_and_entertainment/music_article/grin-and-bare-it/article_f87ed54e-1beb-11e3-942f-0019bb2963f4.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916161644/http://www.anchoragepress.com/arts_and_entertainment/music_article/grin-and-bare-it/article_f87ed54e-1beb-11e3-942f-0019bb2963f4.html|archivedate=September 16, 2013|accessdate=May 30, 2015|newspaper=Anchorage Press|date=September 12, 2013|location=Arts & Entertainment > Music}}</ref> Bare has said that he is someone who avoided "working a real job at any cost." He worked as a member of the [[road crew]] and as a light technician. Once he started writing and performing, he was offered contracts with Immortal Records and Lost Highway.<ref name=Boot-2010>{{cite web|last=Dunham|first=Nancy|title=Bobby Bare Jr. Finds Humor in Unlikely Places Read More: Bobby Bare Jr. Finds Humor in Unlikely Places|url=http://theboot.com/bobby-bare-jr-interview/|work=The Boot|accessdate=11 January 2014|date=September 2, 2010}}</ref>

===Bare Jr.===
In the 1990s, he led the [[roots rock]] outfit '''Bare, Jr.''', which was signed to [[Immortal Records]], at that time the home of [[Korn]] and [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]].<ref name=startrib-ss>{{cite news|last=Riemenschneider|first=Chris|title=Bobby Bare Jr. bares all|url=http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/music/190255631.html|accessdate=4 October 2013|newspaper=Star Tribune|date=February 7, 2013}}</ref> They released two major label records, 1998's ''Boo-Tay'' and 2000's ''Brainwasher''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fortunato|first=John|title=Bare Jr.'s 'Brainwasher' Turn Heads|url=http://www.beermelodies.com/interviews/bare-jr%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98brainwasher%E2%80%99-turns-heads/|work=beermelodies: For Beer Geeks And Rock Freaks|accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref>

===Young Criminals Starvation League===
He has performed with his band, the '''Young Criminals Starvation League''', an ever-changing group of musicians, including members of [[Lambchop (band)|Lambchop]], [[...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead]], and [[My Morning Jacket]]. They have released three studio albums, an EP, and a live album.

===Solo work===
[[File:Bobby Bare, Jr. 08 (9289046013).jpg|thumb|Bobby Bare Jr. Ballard Seafood Fest 2013]]
His CD, ''Storm — A Tree — My Mother’s Head'', was self-released through Bare's licensing company, 30 Tigers/Naked Albino Recordings, in 2010. The title of the record was inspired by a January 2008 storm in [[Nashville]] that injured his mother. "Mom was sitting on the couch, the last day of January in 2008, and there was a big, windy storm outside. And a big branch broke off halfway up the tree. It fell on the house, and literally split the house in two and landed exactly on top of her."<ref name=emusic-blackstock /> Another song on the record, "The Sky Is The Ground," is about a bicycle accident his son had when he was two.<ref name=Boot-2010 />

Bare regularly performs in [[house concert]]s,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bobby Bare Jr. - House Concerts|url=http://www.bobbybarejr.com/house-parties-2 |work=BobbyBareJr.com |accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref> often accompanied by the vocals of singer Carey Kotsionis.<ref name=JCInd-house>{{cite news|last=Feldman|first=Dave|title=Live in JC: Bobby Bare Jr. Gets Intimate at Jersey City Apartment Show|url=http://www.jerseycityindependent.com/2011/01/20/live-in-jc-bobby-bare-jr-gets-intimate-at-jersey-city-apartment-show/|accessdate=4 October 2013|newspaper=Jersey City Independent|date=January 20, 2011}}</ref>

''[http://www.fatpossum.com/artists/bobby-bare-jr Shame on Me]'', a 2-song 7-inch vinyl record will be released by Big Legal Mess/[[Fat Possum Records]] in early 2014.

Spring 2014 will see the release of new record on [[Bloodshot Records]] called ''Undefeated,'' and will feature a full band.<ref name=WNYC-Soundcheck-2014>{{cite web|title=Bobby Bare Jr.: A Nashville Heir Charts His Own Path|url=http://soundcheck.wnyc.org/story/bobby-bare-jr-in-studio/|work=WNYC Soundcheck|accessdate=11 January 2014|date=January 6, 2014}}</ref> The first single off the record, "The Big Time," was released as a preview before the official April 15 record launch.<ref name=Garden&Gun-2014>{{cite web|last=Portman|first=Jed|title=Southern Sounds - First Listen: Bobby Bare Jr.|url=http://gardenandgun.com/blog/first-listen-bobby-bare-jr|work=[[Garden & Gun]]|accessdate=3 April 2014|date=April 3, 2014}}</ref> Bare recorded the album with Mark Nevers ([[Lambchop (band)|Lambchop]]) and Grammy-winning engineer Vance Powell ([[Jack White]], [[Alicia Keys]], the [[Dixie Chicks]], [[Buddy Guy]]).<ref name=WSJ-RecordStream-2014>{{cite news|last=Danton|first=Eric R.|title=Bobby Bare Jr. Sorts Through ‘Scary Stuff’ on ‘Undefeated’ (Album Premiere)|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/04/08/bobby-bare-jr-sorts-through-scary-stuff-on-undefeated-album-premiere/|accessdate=8 April 2014|newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=8 April 2014}}</ref>

On the theme of the album: Bare "wrote the album about the end of his relationship with the mother of his youngest child, who is 3. The 10 rootsy Americana-style rock songs are at once poignant and shot through with mordant wit, which Bare said is a coping mechanism." Bare will be opening for [[Guided By Voices]] in June 2014.<ref name=WSJ-RecordStream-2014 />

In February 2016, Bare joined a new touring lineup of [[Robert Pollard]]'s band, [[Guided by Voices]], as guitarist along with Nick Mitchell also on guitar, bassist Mark Shue and drummer [[Kevin March (musician)|Kevin March]].<ref name=NashvilleScene-GBV-2016>{{cite news|last1=Gold|first1=Adam|title=Tweet of the Week: Bobby Bare Jr. Joins Rebooted Guided by Voices|url=http://www.nashvillescene.com/nashvillecream/archives/2016/02/09/tweet-of-the-week-bobby-bare-jr-joins-rebooted-guided-by-voices|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=[[Nashville Scene]]|date=9 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=Pitchfork-GBV-2016>{{cite news|last1=Minsker|first1=Evan|title=Guided By Voices Are Back in Action: Pollard playing every instrument on new LP, but there's a new live lineup|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/63427-guided-by-voices-are-back-in-action/|accessdate=26 February 2016|work=[[Pitchfork Media]]|date=9 February 2016}}</ref>

==Musical style and influences==
[[File:BBJ-WoS-SF-2007.jpg|thumb|Bobby Bare Jr. Wall of Sound Festival, Ft. Worth, TX September 22, 2007]]
Many of Bare's songs incorporate a lot of humor and references to popular culture.<ref name=3cp>{{cite news|last=Jacobson|first=Alan|title=A Soul Bared: Bobby Bare Jr. is at the End of His Leash|url=http://www.thirdcoastpress.com/bobby_bare_jr_a_soul_bared.php|accessdate=4 October 2013|newspaper=Third Coast Press|year=2010}}</ref> His writing has been characterized as "inventive and melodic."<ref name=npr-TheLongestMeow>{{cite web|last=Ochs|first=Meredith|title=Bobby Bare Jr.'s Music Falls Far from the Tree|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6515060|work=NPR Music - All Things Considered|publisher=NPR|accessdate=4 October 2013|date=November 20, 2006|quote=...Bare's music manages to be both inventive and melodic, from his unpredictable arrangements to the deliberate phrasing that defines his singing style.}}</ref> [[Shel Silverstein]] was a huge influence in his approach to songwriting. Bare describes it as writing poems and turning them into songs, which was very similar to what Silverstein did.<ref name=emusic-blackstock />

==Discography==

===Studio albums===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Album
|-
| 1998
| ''Boo-tay'' (As Bare Jr.)
|-
| 2000
| ''Brainwasher'' (As Bare Jr.)
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Young Criminals' Starvation League]]''
|-
| 2004
| ''[[From the End of Your Leash]]''
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2006
| ''Live: Nick Nacks & Paddy Whacks''
|-
| ''[[The Longest Meow]]''
|-
|2010
|''A Storm, A Tree, My Mother's Head''
|-
|2014
| ''[[Undefeated (album)|Undefeated]]''
|}

===EPs and singles===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Album
|-
| 1974
| ''Daddy, What If'' With his father [[Bobby Bare|Bobby Bare, Sr.]]
|-
| 2003
| ''OK - I'm Sorry...'' (EP)
|-
| 2009
| ''American Bread'' (EP)
|-
|2010
|''A Storm, A Tree, My Mother's Head'' (EP) 5 acoustic demos of the album
|-
|2011
|''UNRELEASED and FREE'' (EP)
|-
|2014
| ''Shame on Me'' (7" vinyl/digital download) (1,000 limited run)
|}

===Charted singles===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"| Year
! rowspan="2"| Single
! colspan="5"| Peak chart positions
! rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! style="width:40px;"| [[Hot Country Songs|US Country]]
! style="width:40px;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]
! style="width:40px;"| CAN Country
! style="width:40px;"| CAN
! style="width:40px;"| CAN AC
|-
| 1973
| "Daddy What If" (with [[Bobby Bare]])
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
| style="text-align:center;"| 41
| style="text-align:center;"| 5
| style="text-align:center;"| 53
| style="text-align:center;"| 19
| ''Lullabys, Legends and Lies'' (Bobby Bare album)
|-
| 1974
| "Where'd I Come From" (with Jeannie Bare)
| style="text-align:center;"| 41
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| Single only
|}

===Other work===
* 2000: ''Down to the Promised Land'' (compilation) ([[Bloodshot Records]]) – "Guitar Playing Woman" by Bare Jr.
* 2004: ''[[Sings Greatest Palace Music]]'' by [[Bonnie 'Prince' Billy]] ([[Drag City (record label)|Drag City]]) – vocals on "Riding"
* 2005: ''[[Tanglewood Numbers]]'' by [[Silver Jews]] ([[Drag City (record label)|Drag City]]) – vocals on "I'm Getting Back into Getting Back into You"
* 2005: ''The Moon Was Blue'' by [[Bobby Bare]] ([[Dualtone Records|Dualtone]]) – produced by Bare Jr.
* 2005: ''For a Decade of Sin: 11 Years of Bloodshot Records'' (compilation) ([[Bloodshot Records]]) – "Ocean Size" by Bobby Bare Jr.
* 2006: ''Bloodied But Unbowed: The Soundtrack'' ([[Bloodshot Records]]) – "Flat Chested Girl From Maynardville" by Bobby Bare Jr. (live)
* 2006: ''Bloodied But Unbowed: Bloodshot Records' Life In The Trenches'' (DVD) ([[Bloodshot Records]]) – videos for "Let's Rock and Roll" and "Flat Chested Girl From Maynardville".
* 2010: ''[[Twistable Turnable Man|Twistable, Turnable Man: A Musical Tribute to the Songs of Shel Silverstein]]'' ([[Sugar Hill Records|Sugar Hill]]) – co-produced by Bare Jr. and father, Bare Sr.<ref name=NYT-BB-BBJ-2005 />

==Documentary==
A documentary that follows Bare's struggles as a touring musician<ref name=dfm-nash>{{cite web|title=Bobby Bare Jr., Don't Follow Me (I'm Lost), Interview — Don't Follow Me (I'm Lost): The Dynamic of Bobby Bare Jr.|url=http://www.thenashional.com/2012/04/dont-follow-me-im-lost-dynamic-of-bobby.html|work=The Nashional|accessdate=4 October 2013|date=April 28, 2012}}</ref> is called ''Don't Follow Me (I'm Lost): A Film About Bobby Bare, Jr.'' William Miller, the documentary's director, and Lee Baker, the documentary's producer, joined Bare on the road for four months while touring in support of his 2010 release, ''A Storm – A Tree – My Mother’s Head''.<ref name=dfm-nash />

Musicians appearing in the film include [[My Morning Jacket]], [[Justin Townes Earle]], [[Hayes Carll]], [[David Vandervelde]], [[Blue Giant (Band)|Blue Giant]], [[Duane Denison]] and [[Bobby Bare|Bobby Bare Sr.]]<ref name=vimeo-why>{{cite web|title=Why make a film on Bobby Bare Jr?|url=https://vimeo.com/28750239|work=Don't Follow Me (I'm Lost)|accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref> The documentary was photographed on several formats, including [[Super 16mm]], [[16mm]], [[Super 8 mm film|Super 8]], and HD<ref name=lost-about>{{cite web|title=About|url=http://dontfollowmeimlost-film.com/about/|work=Don't Follow Me (I'm Lost) Film blog|accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref> and had its East Coast premiere at the CBGB Film Festival<ref>{{cite web|title=CBGB Festival: Film Screenings|url=http://www.cbgb.com/films.php?p=f#!programmation=participant$don-t-follow-me-i-m-lost/1241|work=Don't Follow Me (I'm Lost)|publisher=CBGB Festival|accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref> in October 2013.<ref name=cbgb-tix>{{cite web|title=Dont Follow Me Im Lost - Sunshine - CBGB Film Festival|url=http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/481366|work=Brown Paper Tickets|accessdate=4 October 2013|location=Landmark's Sunshine Cinema, New York, NY|date=Oct 10, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bobby Bare]]
* [[Shel Silverstein]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bobby Bare, Jr.}}
* [http://www.bobbybarejr.com/ Official website]
* [https://www.bloodshotrecords.com/artist/bobby-bare-jr Bobby Bare, Jr.] at [[Bloodshot Records]]
* [http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Bobby_Bare_Jr/ Bobby Bare, Jr.] at [[Free Music Archive]]

{{Bobby Bare}}
{{GBV}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bare, Bobby Jr.}}
[[Category:American country singers]]
[[Category:American country singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American rock musicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Epic Records artists]]
[[Category:Virgin Records artists]]
[[Category:Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Bloodshot Records artists]]
[[Category:Songwriters from Tennessee]]

Alexandra Socha

2017-03-05T01:22:54Z

Ponydepression:

{{Infobox person
| image = Alexandra Socha.jpg
| caption = Alexandra Socha (second from right) with cast of ''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]''
| name = Alexandra Socha
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|04|10}}
| birth_place = [[Nashua, New Hampshire]], U.S.
| birth_name =
| othername =
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2006 – present
| website =
}}
'''Alexandra Socha''' (born April 10, 1990) is an American actress who made her Broadway Debut in the [[rock musical]] ''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'' in May 2008. Other notable stage appearances include Nora in the brief 2009 revival of [[Brighton Beach Memoirs]] and Daisy Fenton in the Off-Broadway run of [[Death Takes a Holiday (musical)|Death Takes a Holiday]]. She features in a leading role in the Amazon Comedy TV series ''[[Red Oaks]]''.

==Biography==
Socha was born in [[Nashua, New Hampshire]], where she grew up, the daughter of Joan Storey and Thad Socha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://peacockplayers.org/2011/11/alexandra-socha-debuts-new-solo-show/|title=Alexandra Socha Debuts New Solo Show - Peacock Players|publisher=|accessdate=17 June 2015}}</ref> As an only child, she performed with her parents in local community theater shows. She attended [[Nashua High School South|Nashua High South]] graduating in 2008. Socha began to act as a child, joining the Peacock Players of Nashua,<ref>(July 19, 2007). "From ballet to BU to the Bard", ''[[The Sun (Lowell)|The Sun]]''.</ref> where she played Amneris in the musical ''[[Aida (musical)|Aida]]'' in 2006.<ref name=hippo>{{cite web | title = Nashua’s Alexandra Socha chosen for Spring Awakening | publisher = Hippo Press | author = Heidi Masek | accessdate = 2008-06-04 | url = http://www.hippopress.com/070712/news5.html}}</ref> She gained professional experience with the American Stage Festival and The Lyric Stage.<ref>[http://www.springawakening.com/cast_socha.php Profile of Socha at the Official ''Spring Awakening'' website]</ref>

After completing her junior year of high school, Socha made her Broadway debut in ''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'' on July 24, 2007, as an ensemble member and understudy for Wendla, Thea, Anna and Martha (replacing [[Krysta Rodriguez]]).<ref name=hippo/> On May 20, 2008, Socha took over as Wendla (replacing [[Lea Michele]]).<ref name="playbill-117618">{{cite web | title = Riabko and Socha Will Be Spring Awakening's New Melchior and Wendla | publisher = Playbill | author = Adam Hetrick | accessdate = 2008-06-04 | url = http://www.playbill.com/news/article/117618.html| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080524015214/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/117618.html| archivedate= 24 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>(June 19, 2008). "[http://www.seventeen.com/fun-stuff/17-buzz/spring-awakening-tips-061808 A Broadway star's tips for theatre success]", ''[[Seventeen (magazine)|Seventeen]]''. Retrieved on 2009-05-15.</ref><ref>Bradfield, Jordan (July 18, 2008). "[http://www.movmnt.com/spring-awakening-part1_00654.html 42nd Speak - Part 1 - Alexandra Socha, Spring Awakening]", ''[[movmnt]]''. Retrieved on 2009-05-15.</ref> She received positive notices in the ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]''<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Spring' is still stirring | publisher = New York Daily News | author = Joe Dziemianowicz | date =September 12, 2008 | accessdate = 2015-10-06 | url =http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/spring-awakening-stirring-article-1.325088}}</ref> and ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = Injecting Real Youth Into a Youthful Show | publisher = The New York Times | author = Charles Isherwood | date=September 15, 2008| accessdate = 2015-10-06 | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/theater/reviews/15spri.html}}</ref> She played out the remainder of the run, and also graduated from Nashua High School in 2008 after completing a home study program. Her next Broadway appearance was the short-lived revival of ''[[Brighton Beach Memoirs]]'',<ref name=NYTG>{{cite web | title = The Neil Simon Plays: cast announced for 'Brighton Beach Memoirs' and 'Broadway Bound'| publisher = New York Theater Guide | accessdate = 2009-09-06 | url = http://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/news/may09simon27may09.htm}}</ref> which opened on October 25, 2009.<ref name=BWayWrld>{{cite web | title = The Neil Simon Plays's Two Eugenes Robins and Grisetti Profiled in The New York Post | publisher = Broadway World | accessdate = 2009-10-25 | url = http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/THE_NEIL_SIMON_PLAYSs_Two_Eugenes_Robbins_and_Grisetti_Profiled_in_The_New_York_Post_20091025}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes20091026>{{cite news | title = Neil Simon’s Jeromes, at Home at the Nederlander | publisher = The New York times | accessdate = 2009-10-25 | url = http://theater.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/theater/reviews/26brighton.html | first=Ben | last=Brantley | date=October 26, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091105201719/http://theater.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/theater/reviews/26brighton.html?| archivedate= 5 November 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref>

In September 2010, Socha was at the Yale Repertory Theater in "We Have Always Lived In The Castle," a new musical based on the Shirley Jackson novel of the same title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yalerep.org/on_stage/2010-11/castle.html|title=2010-11 Yale Repertory Theatre - We Have Always Lived in the Castle|publisher=|accessdate=17 June 2015}}</ref> In April 2011, Socha opened in ''The Dream of the Burning Boy'', at the Roundabout Theater Company's Black Box Theater.

On July 14, 2011, she opened as Daisy Fenton in [[Death Takes a Holiday (musical)|Death Takes a Holiday]], at the Laura Pels theater.<ref>[http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=5702 Death Takes a Holiday] Internet Off-Broadway Database</ref>

On November 28, 2011, Socha made her solo concert debut at Duplex Cabaret in New York City with a show entitled Home.
<ref>{{cite news| url=http://events.nydailynews.com/new-york-ny/events/show/215220305-alexandra-socha-presents-home | location=New York | work=Daily News | title=Alexandra Socha Presents Home at The Duplex, New York}}</ref>

On October 17, 2012, Socha played Medium Alison in a workshop of the musical ''[[Fun Home (musical)|Fun Home]]'', at the [[Public Theater]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/171207-Jeanine-Tesori-Lisa-Kron-Musical-Fun-Home-With-Judy-Kuhn-Begins-Public-Run-Oct-17|title=Jeanine Tesori-Lisa Kron Musical Fun Home, With Judy Kuhn, Begins Public Run Oct. 17|work=Playbill|accessdate=17 June 2015}}</ref>

From Sept. 30 – Dec. 1, 2013, Socha originated the role of Medium Alison in the official off-Broadway premier of ''[[Fun Home (musical)|Fun Home]]'' at [[The Public Theater]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hetrick |first=Adam |title=Jeanine Tesori-Lisa Kron Musical Fun Home Extends for Second Time at the Public |url=http://playbill.com/news/article/183745-Jeanine-Tesori-Lisa-Kron-Musical-Fun-Home-Extends-for-Second-Time-at-the-Public |work=Playbill |accessdate=2 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030192910/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/183745-Jeanine-Tesori-Lisa-Kron-Musical-Fun-Home-Extends-for-Second-Time-at-the-Public |archivedate=30 October 2013 |df= }}</ref>

Her television work includes the character Mia in the Showtime series ''[[The Big C (TV series)|The Big C]]'', single appearances on ''[[White Collar (TV series)|White Collar]],'' ''[[A Gifted Man (TV series)|A Gifted Man]]'', ''[[Made in Jersey]]'', ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit|Law And Order: SVU]]'', and a recurring role in the FX series ''[[Damages (TV Series)|Damages]]''. She currently features in a leading role in the Amazon Comedy TV series [[Red Oaks]].

==Filmography==

===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2010
|''Follow Me''
|Daisy
|Short film
|-
|2014
|''Emoticon ;)''
|Phoebe
|
|-
|2016
|''The Broken Ones''
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2010
|''[[White Collar (TV series)|White Collar]]''
|Lindsay Gless
|"Front Man"
|-
|2010-2011
|''{{sortname|The|Big C|The Big C (TV series)}}''
|Mia
|Recurring role
|-
|2011
|''{{sortname|A|Gifted Man}}''
|Chloe Salinger
|"In Case of Memory Loss"
|-
|2012
|''[[Damages (TV series)|Damages]]''
|Rachel Walling
|Recurring role
|-
|2012
|''[[Made in Jersey]]''
|Ellie Fordham
|"Pilot"
|-
|2013
|''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]''
|Brit Yardley
|"Traumatic Wound"
|-
|2013
|''[[Royal Pains]]''
|Molly O'Shea
|Recurring role
|-
|2014
|''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]''
|Hannah Lancaster
|"Power of the Press"
|-
|2014-present
|''[[Red Oaks]]''
|Skye
|Regular role
|}

===Theater===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2008-2009
|''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]''
|Wendla (replacement)
|Broadway
|-
|2009
|''[[Brighton Beach Memoirs]]''
|Nora Morton
|Broadway
|-
|2013
|''[[Fun Home]]''
|Medium Alison
|Off-Broadway
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Alexandra Socha}}
*{{IBDB name}}
*{{IMDb name|3829225|Alexandra Socha}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/01/theater/01burt.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/T/Theater&pagewanted=all|title=Kate Burton - Spring Awakening|publisher=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=2008-06-15|last=Ryzik|first=Melena | date=February 1, 2008}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Socha, Alexandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:People from Nashua, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Actresses from New Hampshire]]

Alexandra Socha

2017-03-05T01:22:16Z

Ponydepression: /* Film */

{{Infobox person
| image = Alexandra Socha.jpg
| caption = Alexandra Socha (second from right) with cast of ''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]''
| name = Alexandra Socha
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|04|10}}
| birth_place = [[Nashua, New Hampshire]], U.S.
| birth_name =
| othername =
| occupation = Actress
| yearsactive = 2006 - present
| website =
}}
'''Alexandra Socha''' (born April 10, 1990) is an American actress who made her Broadway Debut in the [[rock musical]] ''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'' in May 2008. Other notable stage appearances include Nora in the brief 2009 revival of [[Brighton Beach Memoirs]] and Daisy Fenton in the Off-Broadway run of [[Death Takes a Holiday (musical)|Death Takes a Holiday]]. She features in a leading role in the Amazon Comedy TV series ''[[Red Oaks]]''.

==Biography==
Socha was born in [[Nashua, New Hampshire]], where she grew up, the daughter of Joan Storey and Thad Socha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://peacockplayers.org/2011/11/alexandra-socha-debuts-new-solo-show/|title=Alexandra Socha Debuts New Solo Show - Peacock Players|publisher=|accessdate=17 June 2015}}</ref> As an only child, she performed with her parents in local community theater shows. She attended [[Nashua High School South|Nashua High South]] graduating in 2008. Socha began to act as a child, joining the Peacock Players of Nashua,<ref>(July 19, 2007). "From ballet to BU to the Bard", ''[[The Sun (Lowell)|The Sun]]''.</ref> where she played Amneris in the musical ''[[Aida (musical)|Aida]]'' in 2006.<ref name=hippo>{{cite web | title = Nashua’s Alexandra Socha chosen for Spring Awakening | publisher = Hippo Press | author = Heidi Masek | accessdate = 2008-06-04 | url = http://www.hippopress.com/070712/news5.html}}</ref> She gained professional experience with the American Stage Festival and The Lyric Stage.<ref>[http://www.springawakening.com/cast_socha.php Profile of Socha at the Official ''Spring Awakening'' website]</ref>

After completing her junior year of high school, Socha made her Broadway debut in ''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'' on July 24, 2007, as an ensemble member and understudy for Wendla, Thea, Anna and Martha (replacing [[Krysta Rodriguez]]).<ref name=hippo/> On May 20, 2008, Socha took over as Wendla (replacing [[Lea Michele]]).<ref name="playbill-117618">{{cite web | title = Riabko and Socha Will Be Spring Awakening's New Melchior and Wendla | publisher = Playbill | author = Adam Hetrick | accessdate = 2008-06-04 | url = http://www.playbill.com/news/article/117618.html| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080524015214/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/117618.html| archivedate= 24 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>(June 19, 2008). "[http://www.seventeen.com/fun-stuff/17-buzz/spring-awakening-tips-061808 A Broadway star's tips for theatre success]", ''[[Seventeen (magazine)|Seventeen]]''. Retrieved on 2009-05-15.</ref><ref>Bradfield, Jordan (July 18, 2008). "[http://www.movmnt.com/spring-awakening-part1_00654.html 42nd Speak - Part 1 - Alexandra Socha, Spring Awakening]", ''[[movmnt]]''. Retrieved on 2009-05-15.</ref> She received positive notices in the ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]''<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Spring' is still stirring | publisher = New York Daily News | author = Joe Dziemianowicz | date =September 12, 2008 | accessdate = 2015-10-06 | url =http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/spring-awakening-stirring-article-1.325088}}</ref> and ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = Injecting Real Youth Into a Youthful Show | publisher = The New York Times | author = Charles Isherwood | date=September 15, 2008| accessdate = 2015-10-06 | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/theater/reviews/15spri.html}}</ref> She played out the remainder of the run, and also graduated from Nashua High School in 2008 after completing a home study program. Her next Broadway appearance was the short-lived revival of ''[[Brighton Beach Memoirs]]'',<ref name=NYTG>{{cite web | title = The Neil Simon Plays: cast announced for 'Brighton Beach Memoirs' and 'Broadway Bound'| publisher = New York Theater Guide | accessdate = 2009-09-06 | url = http://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/news/may09simon27may09.htm}}</ref> which opened on October 25, 2009.<ref name=BWayWrld>{{cite web | title = The Neil Simon Plays's Two Eugenes Robins and Grisetti Profiled in The New York Post | publisher = Broadway World | accessdate = 2009-10-25 | url = http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/THE_NEIL_SIMON_PLAYSs_Two_Eugenes_Robbins_and_Grisetti_Profiled_in_The_New_York_Post_20091025}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes20091026>{{cite news | title = Neil Simon’s Jeromes, at Home at the Nederlander | publisher = The New York times | accessdate = 2009-10-25 | url = http://theater.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/theater/reviews/26brighton.html | first=Ben | last=Brantley | date=October 26, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091105201719/http://theater.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/theater/reviews/26brighton.html?| archivedate= 5 November 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref>

In September 2010, Socha was at the Yale Repertory Theater in "We Have Always Lived In The Castle," a new musical based on the Shirley Jackson novel of the same title.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yalerep.org/on_stage/2010-11/castle.html|title=2010-11 Yale Repertory Theatre - We Have Always Lived in the Castle|publisher=|accessdate=17 June 2015}}</ref> In April 2011, Socha opened in ''The Dream of the Burning Boy'', at the Roundabout Theater Company's Black Box Theater.

On July 14, 2011, she opened as Daisy Fenton in [[Death Takes a Holiday (musical)|Death Takes a Holiday]], at the Laura Pels theater.<ref>[http://www.lortel.org/lla_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&id=5702 Death Takes a Holiday] Internet Off-Broadway Database</ref>

On November 28, 2011, Socha made her solo concert debut at Duplex Cabaret in New York City with a show entitled Home.
<ref>{{cite news| url=http://events.nydailynews.com/new-york-ny/events/show/215220305-alexandra-socha-presents-home | location=New York | work=Daily News | title=Alexandra Socha Presents Home at The Duplex, New York}}</ref>

On October 17, 2012, Socha played Medium Alison in a workshop of the musical ''[[Fun Home (musical)|Fun Home]]'', at the [[Public Theater]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/171207-Jeanine-Tesori-Lisa-Kron-Musical-Fun-Home-With-Judy-Kuhn-Begins-Public-Run-Oct-17|title=Jeanine Tesori-Lisa Kron Musical Fun Home, With Judy Kuhn, Begins Public Run Oct. 17|work=Playbill|accessdate=17 June 2015}}</ref>

From Sept. 30 – Dec. 1, 2013, Socha originated the role of Medium Alison in the official off-Broadway premier of ''[[Fun Home (musical)|Fun Home]]'' at [[The Public Theater]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hetrick |first=Adam |title=Jeanine Tesori-Lisa Kron Musical Fun Home Extends for Second Time at the Public |url=http://playbill.com/news/article/183745-Jeanine-Tesori-Lisa-Kron-Musical-Fun-Home-Extends-for-Second-Time-at-the-Public |work=Playbill |accessdate=2 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030192910/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/183745-Jeanine-Tesori-Lisa-Kron-Musical-Fun-Home-Extends-for-Second-Time-at-the-Public |archivedate=30 October 2013 |df= }}</ref>

Her television work includes the character Mia in the Showtime series ''[[The Big C (TV series)|The Big C]]'', single appearances on ''[[White Collar (TV series)|White Collar]],'' ''[[A Gifted Man (TV series)|A Gifted Man]]'', ''[[Made in Jersey]]'', ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit|Law And Order: SVU]]'', and a recurring role in the FX series ''[[Damages (TV Series)|Damages]]''. She currently features in a leading role in the Amazon Comedy TV series [[Red Oaks]].

==Filmography==

===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2010
|''Follow Me''
|Daisy
|Short film
|-
|2014
|''Emoticon ;)''
|Phoebe
|
|-
|2016
|''The Broken Ones''
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2010
|''[[White Collar (TV series)|White Collar]]''
|Lindsay Gless
|"Front Man"
|-
|2010-2011
|''{{sortname|The|Big C|The Big C (TV series)}}''
|Mia
|Recurring role
|-
|2011
|''{{sortname|A|Gifted Man}}''
|Chloe Salinger
|"In Case of Memory Loss"
|-
|2012
|''[[Damages (TV series)|Damages]]''
|Rachel Walling
|Recurring role
|-
|2012
|''[[Made in Jersey]]''
|Ellie Fordham
|"Pilot"
|-
|2013
|''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]''
|Brit Yardley
|"Traumatic Wound"
|-
|2013
|''[[Royal Pains]]''
|Molly O'Shea
|Recurring role
|-
|2014
|''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]''
|Hannah Lancaster
|"Power of the Press"
|-
|2014-present
|''[[Red Oaks]]''
|Skye
|Regular role
|}

===Theater===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2008-2009
|''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]''
|Wendla (replacement)
|Broadway
|-
|2009
|''[[Brighton Beach Memoirs]]''
|Nora Morton
|Broadway
|-
|2013
|''[[Fun Home]]''
|Medium Alison
|Off-Broadway
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Alexandra Socha}}
*{{IBDB name}}
*{{IMDb name|3829225|Alexandra Socha}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/01/theater/01burt.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/T/Theater&pagewanted=all|title=Kate Burton - Spring Awakening|publisher=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=2008-06-15|last=Ryzik|first=Melena | date=February 1, 2008}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Socha, Alexandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:People from Nashua, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Actresses from New Hampshire]]

Rod Rosenstein

2017-02-11T18:05:26Z

Ponydepression: /* Nomination for Deputy Attorney General */

{{Refimprove|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image = Rod Rosenstein US Attorney.jpg
|office = [[United States Deputy Attorney General]] {{small|Nominee}}
|president = [[Donald Trump]]
|term_start = TBD* 
|term_end =
|succeeding = [[Sally Yates]]
|predecessor = [[Sally Yates]]
|successor =
|office1 = [[United States Attorney for the District of Maryland]]
|president1 = [[George W. Bush]] [[Barack Obama]] [[Donald Trump]]
|term_start1 = July 12, 2005<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the U.S. Attorney|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/meet-us-attorney|website=United States Department of Justice|accessdate=9 February 2017}}</ref>
|term_end1 =
|predecessor1 = [[Thomas M. DiBiagio]]
|successor1 =
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1965}}
|birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States|U.S.]]}}
|death_date =
|death_place =
|education = [[University of Pennsylvania]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])}} [[Harvard University]] {{small|([[Juris Doctor|JD]])}}
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|footnotes = {{small|<nowiki>*</nowiki>Pending Senate confirmation}}
}}
'''Rod J. Rosenstein''' (born 1965) is the [[United States Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]] and a former nominee to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]].

Then President-Elect [[Donald Trump]] nominated Rosenstein to serve as [[Deputy Attorney General]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] on January 13, 2017.

==Background==
Rosenstein graduated from the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], with a [[Bachelor of Science#United_States|B.S.]] in [[Economics]], ''[[summa cum laude]]'' in 1986. He earned his [[Juris Doctorate|J.D.]] degree ''[[cum laude]]'' in 1989 from [[Harvard Law School]], where he was an editor of the [[Harvard Law Review]]. He then served as a [[law clerk]] to Judge [[Douglas H. Ginsburg]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]].

After his clerkship, Rosenstein joined the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] through the Attorney General’s Honors Program. From 1990 to 1993, he prosecuted public corruption cases as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division, then led by Assistant Attorney General [[Robert Mueller|Robert S. Mueller, III]].

During the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton Administration]], Rosenstein served as Counsel to Deputy Attorney General [[Philip B. Heymann]] (1993–1994) and Special Assistant to Criminal Division Assistant Attorney General [[Jo Ann Harris]] (1994–1995). As an Associate Independent Counsel from 1995 to 1997, he was co-counsel in the trial of three defendants who were convicted of fraud, and he supervised the investigation that found no basis for criminal prosecution of White House officials who had obtained FBI background reports.

United States Attorney [[Lynne A. Battaglia]] hired Rosenstein as an [[United States Attorney|Assistant U.S. Attorney]] in 1997. He litigated a wide range of cases, coordinated the credit card fraud and international assistance programs and supervised the law student intern program. He also briefed and argued cases in the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]].

From 2001 to 2005, Rosenstein served as Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Tax Division of the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]]. He coordinated the tax enforcement activities of the Tax Division, the U.S. Attorneys’ Offices and the IRS, and he supervised 90 attorneys and 30 support employees. He also oversaw civil litigation and served as the acting head of the Tax Division when Assistant Attorney General Eileen J. O'Connor was unavailable, and he personally briefed and argued civil appeals in several federal appellate courts.

President [[George W. Bush]] nominated Rosenstein to serve as [[United States Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]] on May 23, 2005. He took office on July 12, 2005, after the [[United States Senate]] unanimously confirmed his nomination. As United States Attorney, he oversees federal civil and criminal litigation and develops and implements federal law enforcement strategies in Maryland. He also continues personally to litigate cases in the [[United States District Court|U.S. District Court]] and in the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]].

The [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] appointed Rosenstein to serve on the Advisory Committee of U.S. Attorneys, which evaluates and recommends policies for the Department of Justice. He is vice-chair of the Violent and Organized Crime Subcommittee and a member of the Subcommittees on White Collar Crime, Sentencing Issues and Cyber/Intellectual Property Crime. He also serves on the Attorney General’s Anti-Gang Coordination Committee.

Rosenstein is on the Board of Directors of the Maryland State’s Attorneys’ Association and of the Maryland chapter of the [[Federal Bar Association]]. He is the Core City U.S. Attorney for the Mid-Atlantic Region of the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force and serves on the Washington/Baltimore High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Executive Board. He also is a member of the Baltimore City Criminal Justice Coordinating Council.

As an adjunct professor, Rosenstein teaches classes on federal criminal prosecution at the [[University of Maryland School of Law]] and trial advocacy at the [[University of Baltimore School of Law]]. He also serves on the faculty of a trial advocacy seminar at [[Georgetown University Law Center]]. He often speaks about law enforcement issues and government service at public events and legal seminars.

Rosenstein is an active member of the Maryland and District of Columbia bars and of numerous federal court bars. He belongs to the Maryland, Federal and [[American Bar Association]]s. He is a barrister of the [[American Inns of Court|Edward Bennett Williams Inn of Court]] and a member of the Lawyers’ Round Table of [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]].

==Fourth Circuit nomination under Bush==

On November 15, 2007, President [[George W. Bush]] nominated Rosenstein to a seat on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] to a seat vacated by [[Francis Dominic Murnaghan, Jr.]], who had died on August 31, 2000.

On October 12, 2000, President [[Bill Clinton]] had nominated [[African-American]] [[United States District Court|federal district court judge]] [[Andre M. Davis]] to replace Murnaghan.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5243/is_200010/ai_n19804583 Office of the Press Secretary - President Clinton nominates Judge Andre M. Davis to the Federal Bench. | M2 Presswire | Find Articles at BNET.com]</ref> The nomination was a part of Clinton's effort to integrate the Fourth Circuit, which up to that point had never had an African-American Circuit Court of Appeals judge. However, since Davis was nominated after July 1, 2000, the unofficial start date of the [[Thurmond Rule]] during a presidential election year, no hearings were scheduled on his nomination, and the nomination was returned to Clinton at the end of his term.

Bush unsuccessfully attempted to fill the seat three times. During the spring of 2001, Bush intended to nominate Washington, D.C. lawyer [[Peter Keisler]], a resident of [[Bethesda, Maryland]], to the Maryland seat on the Fourth Circuit, but was blocked from doing so by Democratic senators [[Paul Sarbanes]] and [[Barbara Mikulski]] on the grounds that he wasn't sufficiently a member of the Maryland legal community.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01E3D71030F935A15755C0A9679C8B63 Washington Talk; Road to Federal Bench Gets Bumpier in Senate]</ref> Keisler later became a nominee to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit]] in 2006, which was also blocked by the Senate, and [[United States Attorney General|Acting United States Attorney General]] of the United States after the resignation of [[Alberto Gonzales]] in 2007.

In 2004, in an attempt to bypass the necessary approval of Democrats Sarbanes and Mikulski, Bush sought to transfer the open circuit seat to Virginia, which had two Republican senators at the time, [[John Warner]] and [[George Allen (U.S. politician)|George Allen]]. He nominated Virginia resident [[Claude Allen]], an African American member of the Bush administration, to succeed Murnaghan on the [[Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals]]. Allen's nomination was opposed by the [[People for the American Way]], the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]], and the [[National Organization for Women]].<ref>[http://independentjudiciary.org/nominees/nominee.cfm?NomineeID=68 Independent Judiciary, webpage on Allen nomination]</ref> Because of the opposition of Sarbanes and Mikulski, Allen's nomination was stalled in the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] and lapsed on December 8, 2005. Bush chose not to renominate Allen.

Rosenstein, a state resident, was afterward nominated to fill the Maryland seat. Mikulski and new Democratic Maryland senator, [[Benjamin Cardin]], blocked Rosenstein's confirmation, stating that he did not have strong enough Maryland legal ties,<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/14/AR2008041402643.html Judges, and Justice, Delayed]</ref> and due to this [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] chairman [[Patrick Leahy]] did not schedule a hearing on Rosenstein during the [[110th Congress]] and the nomination lapsed. Davis later was renominated to the same seat and confirmed by the Senate in 2009.

==Nomination for Deputy Attorney General==
The 45th President [[Donald Trump]] nominated Rosenstein to serve as [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] on January 13, 2017.<ref name="wapo-nom">{{cite news|title=U.S. attorney in Baltimore is Trump’s pick to be deputy attorney general|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-attorney-in-baltimore-is-trumps-pick-to-be-deputy-attorney-general/2017/01/13/e27c51a0-d9a1-11e6-b8b2-cb5164beba6b_story.html|accessdate=31 January 2017|publisher=Washington Post|date=14 January 2017}}</ref>

==Sources==
*[http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/md/USA/index.html Official biography from the U.S. Department of Justice]

==See also==
*[[Bill Clinton judicial appointment controversies]]
*[[George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{C-SPAN|Rod Rosenstein}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Rosenstein, Rod J}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:United States Attorneys for the District of Maryland]]

[[Category:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]

Benutzer:Mielas/Vivendi Games

2015-09-22T23:18:13Z

Ponydepression:

{{Refimprove|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox company
|name=Vivendi Games
|fate=Merged with [[Activision]]
|successor=[[Activision Blizzard]] ([[Activision]])
|logo=[[File:Vivendi logo.png|160px]]
|type=Division of [[Vivendi]]
|parent = [[Vivendi]]
|foundation= 2001 (as Vivendi Universal Games) 2006 (as Vivendi Games)
|defunct=2008
|location= [[Los Angeles, California]], [[United States]]
|partners=[[Konami]]
|key_people= {{ubl|René Pénisson, Chairman|Bruce Hack, CEO}}
|industry=[[Video game industry]]
|products=[[Sierra Entertainment]]: ''[[Crash Bandicoot (series)|Crash Bandicoot]]'' ''[[Spyro (series)|Spyro the Dragon]]'' ''[[King's Quest]]'' ''[[Space Quest]]'' ''[[Leisure Suit Larry]]'' ''[[Gabriel Knight]]'' ''[[SWAT (series)|SWAT]]'' [[Blizzard Entertainment]]: [[Warcraft|''Warcraft'' series]] [[StarCraft (series)|''StarCraft'' series]] [[Diablo (series)|''Diablo'' series]]
|revenue={{profit}}$1.018 billion [[United States dollar|USD]] (2007)|
|num_employees=3,400
|subsid=[[Sierra Entertainment]] [[Blizzard Entertainment]]
|homepage=
|footnotes=
}}
'''Vivendi Games''', formerly known as '''Vivendi Universal Games''' or '''VU Games''', was the holding company for [[Sierra Entertainment]] and [[Blizzard Entertainment]]. Vivendi Games was founded as Vivendi Universal Games after [[Vivendi]] bought [[Universal Studios]] in the early 2000s.

Vivendi Games was a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Vivendi|Vivendi S.A.]]. Headed by Bruce Hack, it was headquartered in [[Los Angeles, California]] and employed over 3,400 people at four separate development divisions. Vivendi Games owned the rights to franchises such as ''[[Warcraft (series)|Warcraft]]'', ''[[StarCraft]]'', ''[[Diablo (video game)|Diablo]]'' and ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' (all games developed by [[Blizzard Entertainment]]), as well as others like ''[[Empire Earth (series)|Empire Earth]]'', ''[[Leisure Suit Larry]]'', ''[[Ground Control (video game)|Ground Control]]'', ''[[Tribes (series)|Tribes]]'', ''[[Crash Bandicoot (series)|Crash Bandicoot]]'' and ''[[Spyro (series)|Spyro the Dragon]]'' owned by [[Sierra Entertainment]]. It has now merged with [[Activision]] and is known as [[Activision Blizzard]].

==History==
In February 1996, when [[CUC International]], a large mail order and subscription company, offered to acquire entertainment software developer [[Sierra Entertainment]]. Headquartered in [[Bellevue, Washington]], Sierra published adventure game series such as ''[[King's Quest]]'', ''[[Gabriel Knight]]'', ''[[Space Quest]]'', and ''[[Leisure Suit Larry]]''. Sierra was a public company, which employed roughly 1,000 employees at 12 different acquired studios. CUC offered to absorb Sierra's stock shares at a price roughly 90% higher than what Sierra was trading, and on July 24, 1996, Sierra became a wholly owned subsidiary of CUC.

At the same time, CUC also approached [[Davidson & Associates]], a leading publisher and distributor of educational software, with an offer of a similar stock swap. Headquartered in [[Torrance, California]], Davidson published the ''[[Blaster Learning System|Math Blaster]]'' , ''[[Warcraft (series)|Warcraft]]'', and ''Diablo'' series. While mainly a game publisher, Davidson also had a major in-house developer in the form of [[Blizzard Entertainment]], which Davidson had acquired in 1994, and employed over 800 employees as of February 1996.
Davidson was also a public company, founded and headed by Bob Davidson, who acted as CEO, and also by Jan Davidson, who acted as President.

After acquiring these companies, CUC quickly integrated these two new divisions into the main CUC organization by announcing in September 1996 the creation of CUC Software, a holding company which would consolidate the finance, distribution, manufacturing, accounting, sales, R&D and overall management of CUC's software companies.

Soon after its creation, CUC Software acquired in January 1997 [[Knowledge Adventure]], a leading developer of educational software, which published the ''[[JumpStart]]'' series of child oriented programs. CUC also acquired Gryphon Software, another educational software company. Davidson & Associates and Gryphon were then absorbed into Knowledge Adventure, and [[Blizzard Entertainment]] was made a separate division of CUC Software. In 1997, CUC Software also acquired [[Berkeley Systems]] (a California-based developer that published the ''[[You Don't Know Jack (video game series)|You Don't Know Jack]]'' series) and integrated Berkeley Systems into Sierra On-Line.

CUC then merged with a hotel, real-estate, and car-rental franchiser called HFS Corporation to form [[Cendant]] in 1997. In 1998, it became apparent that CUC had engaged in accounting fraud for years before the merger; Cendant's stock lost 80% of its value over the next six months in the ensuing widely discussed accounting scandal. The company sold its consumer software operations, which included Sierra and Blizzard, to French publisher [[Havas]] in 1998, the same year Havas was purchased by [[Vivendi]]. In June 2000, [[Vivendi]] acquired [[Seagram]] (owner of [[Universal Studios]]) to become Vivendi Universal and Universal's video game division, Universal Interactive, was renamed Vivendi Universal Games in 2002. In 2004, Vivendi Universal Games sold one of its divisions, [[Knowledge Adventure]] to a group of private investors.
[[File:VivendiUniversalGamesLogo.png|thumb|right|150px|The Vivendi Universal Games Logo used from 2002 until May 1, 2006.]]

When parent company Vivendi Universal dropped the "Universal" in its name in 2006 to simply become Vivendi SA, Vivendi Universal Games followed suit and became Vivendi Games. Unlike Vivendi Universal Games, Vivendi Games never published any video game under its own name.

In 2006, Vivendi Games created a new mobile division Vivendi Games Mobile, which was promised to begin publishing and distributing games in 2006 through mobile carriers and portals.

In December 2007, it was announced that Vivendi Games would merge with games publisher [[Activision]], forming [[Activision Blizzard]]. In July 2008, the merger went active. Activision Blizzard, the new moniker for the company, now operates the games division of Vivendi SA, later became an independent company on July 25, 2013 (including Vivendi Games).<ref name="actblizmerger">{{cite press release
| title = VIVENDI AND ACTIVISION TO CREATE ACTIVISION BLIZZARD – World’s Largest, Most Profitable Pure-Play Video Game Publisher
| publisher = [[Activision]], [[Vivendi]]
| date = 2007-12-02
| url = http://www.activisionblizzard.com/pressReleases/pr120207.php
| accessdate = 2007-12-02
}}</ref>

==Divisions==

===Blizzard Entertainment===
{{Main|Blizzard Entertainment}}
Blizzard Entertainment is a development studio best known for creating the series ''[[Warcraft (series)|Warcraft]]'' (including ''[[World of Warcraft]]''), ''[[Diablo (series)|Diablo]]'' and ''[[StarCraft (series)|StarCraft]]''. ''World of Warcraft'', one of the most popular MMORPG games, has currently over 5 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmo-champion.com/content/5063-WoW-Down-to-5-6-Million-Subscribers |title=WoW Down to 5.6 Million Subscribers |date=2015-08-04 |accessdate=2015-08-06 |publisher=[[MMO-Champion]] }}</ref> Blizzard Entertainment later became independent, as compared to a subsidiary.<ref name="inmultibillion">{{cite news
| title = Activision Blizzard completes buyback from Vivendi Universal in multi-billion dollar deal
| first = Timothy J.
| last = Seppala
| url = http://www.engadget.com/2013/10/13/activision-blizzard-vivendi-buyout/
| newspaper =
| publisher = [[endgadget]]
| date = October 13, 2013
| accessdate = 2015-08-29
}}</ref>

===Sierra Entertainment===
{{Main|Sierra Entertainment}}
Sierra Entertainment creates and publishes software for consoles, handheld gaming devices and personal computers. Sierra Entertainment features a portfolio of titles, including ''[[F.E.A.R.]]'', ''[[Scarface: The World Is Yours|Scarface]]'', and ''[[Ice Age (franchise)|Ice Age]]''.

Operating out of Los Angeles, California, Sierra employs over 700 people in development and has four wholly owned studios providing creative talents and development capabilities across multiple gaming genres: [[High Moon Studios]], [[Radical Entertainment]], [[Swordfish Studios]] and [[Massive Entertainment]]. With the merge of Activision and Vivendi Games, Sierra Entertainment was closed down and both [[Swordfish Studios]] and [[Massive Entertainment]] have been sold off.

===Sierra Online===
Sierra Online is the division that focuses on developing and publishing short and mid-session casual online games for [[Personal computer|PC]], [[Xbox Live Arcade]] and a range of other platforms.

Sierra Online’s titles include ''Assault Heroes'' and ''[[FreeStyle Street Basketball]]'', an online PC game from Korean developer JC Entertainment, Inc.

The division is also developing a variety of other Xbox Live Arcade and PC online games targeting the mass market.

===Vivendi Games Mobile===
Vivendi Games Mobile, a newly formed division, creates and publishes games for the worldwide mobile market. The division publishes games based on original intellectual property, popular entertainment licenses and classic Sierra Entertainment intellectual property games which are distributed by more than 90 operators and dozens of Web portals in more than 60 countries.

Vivendi Games Mobile has launched a number of award-winning titles, including ''SWAT Force'' which was named “Best Wireless Game of the Year” by Spike TV in December 2006.

Vivendi Games Mobile ceased operations in early 2009.

===Fox Interactive===
{{Main|Fox Interactive}}

In March 2003, Fox Interactive Inc. was acquired by Vivendi Universal Games.

==See also==
{{Portal|Video games}}
*[[List of video game companies]]
*[[List of video game publishers]]
*[[Vivendi]]
*[[List of assets owned by Vivendi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.vugames.com/}}(redirects to Activision.com)
* [http://www.vivendi.com Vivendi website]

[[Category:Activision Blizzard]]
[[Category:Vivendi]]
[[Category:Companies established in 2001]]
[[Category:Companies disestablished in 2009]]
[[Category:Defunct video game companies]]
[[Category:Former Vivendi subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Holding companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Video game publishers]]
[[Category:Video game companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Universal Studios]]

Benutzer:Matthiasb/Alaskas At-Large-Kongresswahlbezirk

2014-11-06T18:37:18Z

Ponydepression: /* Voter registration */

{{Infobox U.S. congressional district
|state = Alaska
|district number = AL
|image name =AK01_109.png|right|500px
|image width = 300
|image caption =
|representative = [[Don Young]]
|party = Republican
|residence = Fort Yukon
|english area =570,641
|percent urban = 65.7
|percent rural = 34.3
|population = 710,231
|population year = 2010
|median income = 57,431
|percent white = 64.1
|percent black = 3.1
|percent asian = 5.3
|percent native american = 14.4
|percent hispanic = 5.5
|percent other race = 7.6
|percent blue collar = 22.4
|percent white collar = 60.5
|percent gray collar = 17.1
|cpvi = R+12
}}
'''Alaska's at-large Congressional District''' is the sole congressional district for the state of [[Alaska]]. Based on size, it is the largest [[congressional district]] in the nation and is one of the largest parliamentary constituencies in the world.

The district has been represented by Republican [[Don Young]] since March 6, 1973.

==History==
The district was first created when Alaska achieved statehood on January 3, 1959, electing a single member. Since its creation, Alaska has retained a single congressional district.

===Voter registration===
{| class=wikitable
! colspan = 6 | Voter registration as of December 3, 2012
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Total voters
! Percentage
{{American politics/party colors/Democratic/row}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| align=center | 74,250
| align=center | 14.57%
{{American politics/party colors/Republican/row}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| align=center | 138,781
| align=center | 27.22%
{{American politics/party colors/Libertarian/row}}
| Minor parties
| align=center | 26,579
| align=center | 5.21%
{{American politics/party colors/Independent/row}}
| Unaffiliated
| align=center | 270,208
| align=center | 53.00%
|-
! colspan = 2 | Total
! align=center | 509,818
! align=center | 100%
|}

==Presidential elections==
* [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]]: [[Al Gore|Gore]] - 27.67%, [[George W. Bush|Bush]] - 58.62%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 13.71%
* [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]]: [[John Kerry|Kerry]] - 35.52%, [[George W. Bush|Bush]] - 61.07%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 3.42%
* [[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]]: [[Barack Obama|Obama]] - 37.89%, [[John McCain|McCain]] - 59.42%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 2.69%
* [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]]: [[Barack Obama|Obama]] - 40.81%, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] - 54.80%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 4.39%

Average - [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (35.47%), [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (58.48%), [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] (6.05%)

== List of representatives ==
{{see also|Alaska Territory's at-large congressional district}}

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Representative
! Party
! Term
! Notes
|-
| colspan=5 | District created January 3, 1959
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Ralph Julian Rivers.jpg|75px]] [[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph J. Rivers]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || January 3, 1959 – December 30, 1966 || Lost re-election, then resigned
|-
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant'' || December 30, 1966 – January 3, 1967 ||
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Howard Wallace Pollock.jpg|75px]] [[Howard Wallace Pollock|Howard W. Pollock]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] || January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971 || Retired
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Nick Begich.jpg|75px]] [[Nick Begich]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || January 3, 1971 – December 29, 1972 || Went missing October 16, 1972
Declared dead December 29, 1972
|-
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant'' || December 29, 1972 – March 6, 1973 ||
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Don Young, official photo portrait, color, 2006.jpg|75px]] [[Don Young]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] || March 6, 1973 – Present || Incumbent
|}

==Election results==
This district is normally considered safely [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] because no [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] has been elected since [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1972|1972]] and because incumbent [[Don Young]] has rarely faced a serious challenge since [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1992|1992]] when he beat Mayor John Devens (D-[[Valdez, Alaska|Valdez]]) by 4%. Although allegations of corruption against Young led Democrats to target [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2008|this seat in 2008]], Young retained his seat.

===1958 to 2004===
{| class=wikitable
! rowspan=2 | Year
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Republican
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Democratic
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Green
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Libertarian
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Others
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Write-in<ref>Prior to the 1976 election, official election returns released by the State of Alaska were typewritten rather than computer generated, and write-in votes were not included in published vote totals</ref>
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Votes
! Pct
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1958|1958]]
| nowrap | [[Henry A. Benson]]
| align=right | 20,699
| {{pct|20699|48647|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]]'''
| align=right | 27,948
| {{pct|27948|48647|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1960|1960]]
| nowrap | [[R. L. Rettig]]
| align=right | 25,517
| {{pct|25517|59063|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 33,546
| {{pct|33546|59063|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1962|1962]]
| nowrap | [[Lowell Thomas, Jr.]]
| align=right | 26,638
| {{pct|26638|60591|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 33,953
| {{pct|33953|60591|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1964|1964]]
| nowrap | [[Lowell Thomas, Jr.]]
| align=right | 32,556
| {{pct|32556|67146|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 34,590
| {{pct|34590|67146|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1966|1966]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Howard Wallace Pollock|Howard W. Pollock]]'''
| align=right | 34,040
| {{pct|34040|65907|1}}
| nowrap | [[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)
| align=right | 31,867
| {{pct|31867|65907|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1968|1968]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Howard W. Pollock]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 43,577
| {{pct|43577|80362|1}}
| nowrap | [[Nick Begich]]
| align=right | 36,785
| {{pct|36785|80362|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1970|1970]]
| nowrap | [[Frank Murkowski]]
| align=right | 35,947
| {{pct|35947|80084|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Nick Begich]]'''
| align=right | 44,137
| {{pct|44137|80084|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1972|1972]]
| nowrap | [[Don Young]]
| align=right | 41,750
| {{pct|41750|95401|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Nick Begich]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 53,651
| {{pct|53651|95401|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Alaska's at-large congressional district special election|1973]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]]'''
| align=right | 35,044
| {{pct|35044|68167|1}}
| nowrap | [[Emil Notti]]
| align=right | 33,123
| {{pct|33123|68167|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1974|1974]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 51,641
| {{pct|51641|95921|1}}
| nowrap | [[William L. Hensley]]
| align=right | 44,280
| {{pct|44280|95921|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1976|1976]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 83,722
| {{pct|83722|118208|1}}
| nowrap | [[Eben Hopson]]
| align=right | 34,194
| {{pct|34194|118208|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 292
| {{pct|292|118208|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1978|1978]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 68,811
| {{pct|68811|124187|1}}
| nowrap | [[Patrick Rodey]]
| align=right | 55,176
| {{pct|55176|124187|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 200
| {{pct|200|124187|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1980|1980]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 114,089
| {{pct|114089|154618|1}}
| nowrap | [[Kevin Parnell]]
| align=right | 39,922
| {{pct|39922|154618|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 607
| {{pct|607|154618|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1982|1982]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 128,274
| {{pct|128274|181084|1}}
| nowrap | [[Dave Carlson]]
| align=right | 52,011
| {{pct|52011|181084|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 799
| {{pct|799|181084|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1984|1984]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 113,582
| {{pct|113582|206437|1}}
| nowrap | [[List of United States political families (B)#The Begichs|Pegge Begich]]
| align=right | 86,052
| {{pct|86052|206437|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Betty Breck]] (I)
| align=right | 6,508
| {{pct|6508|206437|1}}
| align=right | 295
| {{pct|295|206437|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1986|1986]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 101,799
| {{pct|101799|180277|1}}
| nowrap | [[Pegge Begich]]
| align=right | 74,053
| {{pct|74053|180277|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Betty Breck]]
| align=right | 4,182
| {{pct|4182|180277|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 243
| {{pct|243|180277|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1988|1988]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 120,595
| {{pct|120595|192955|1}}
| nowrap | [[Peter Gruenstein]]
| align=right | 71,881
| {{pct|71881|192955|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 479
| {{pct|479|192955|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1990|1990]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 99,003
| {{pct|99003|191647|1}}
| nowrap | [[John S. Devens]]
| align=right | 91,677
| {{pct|91677|191647|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 967
| {{pct|967|191647|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1992|1992]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 111,849
| {{pct|111849|239116|1}}
| nowrap | [[John S. Devens]]
| align=right | 102,378
| {{pct|102378|239116|1}}
| nowrap | Mike Milligan
| align=right | 9,529
| {{pct|9529|239116|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Michael States]] ([[Alaskan Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 15,049
| {{pct|15049|239116|1}}
| align=right | 311
| {{pct|311|239116|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1994|1994]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 118,537
| {{pct|118537|208240|1}}
| nowrap | Tony Smith
| align=right | 68,172
| {{pct|68172|208240|1}}
| nowrap | [[Joni Whitmore]]
| align=right | 21,277
| {{pct|21277|208240|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 254
| {{pct|254|208240|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1996|1996]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 138,834
| {{pct|138834|233700|1}}
| nowrap | [[Georgianna Lincoln]]
| align=right | 85,114
| {{pct|85114|233700|1}}
| nowrap | [[John J. G. Grames]]
| align=right | 4,513
| {{pct|4513|233700|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[William J. Nemec II]] ([[Alaska Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 5,017
| {{pct|5017|233700|1}}
| align=right | 222
| {{pct|222|233700|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1998|1998]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 139,676
| {{pct|139676|223300|1}}
| nowrap | Jim Duncan
| align=right | 77,232
| {{pct|77232|223300|1}}
| nowrap | [[John J. G. Grames]]
| align=right | 5,923
| {{pct|5923|223300|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 469
| {{pct|469|223300|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2000|2000]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 190,862
| {{pct|190862|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Clifford Mark Greene]]
| align=right | 45,372
| {{pct|45372|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Anna C. Young]]
| align=right | 22,440
| {{pct|22440|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Leonard J. Karpinski]]
| align=right | 4,802
| {{pct|4802|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Jim Dore]] ([[Alaska Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 10,085
| {{pct|10085|274393|1}}
| align=right | 832
| {{pct|832|274393|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2002|2002]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 169,685
| {{pct|169685|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Clifford Mark Greene]]
| align=right | 39,357
| {{pct|39357|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Russell deForest]]
| align=right | 14,435
| {{pct|14435|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Rob Clift]]
| align=right | 3,797
| {{pct|3797|227725|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 291
| {{pct|291|227725|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2004|2004]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 213,216
| {{pct|213216|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Thomas M. Higgins]]
| align=right | 67,074
| {{pct|67074|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Timothy A. Feller]]
| align=right | 11,434
| {{pct|11434|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Alvin A. Anders]]
| align=right | 7,157
| {{pct|7157|299996|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 1,115
| {{pct|1115|299996|1}}

|-
! Year
! colspan=3 | Republican
! colspan=3 | Democratic
! colspan=3 | Green
! colspan=3 | Libertarian
! colspan=3 | Others
! colspan=3 | Write-in
|}
''Source: {{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html |title=Election Statistics |accessdate=August 8, 2008 |publisher=Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080730201058/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html| archivedate= 30 July 2008 | deadurl= no}}''

=== 2006 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2006]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 132,743
|percentage = 56.57
|change = -14.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Diane Benson]]
|votes = 93,879
|percentage = 40.01
|change = +17.65}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Libertarian Party (US)
|candidate = Alexander Crawford
|votes = 4,029
|percentage = 1.72
|change = -0.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Green Party (US)
|candidate = Eva Ince
|votes = 1,819
|percentage = 0.78
|change = -3.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = William Ratigan
|votes = 1,615
|percentage = 0.69
|change = }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 560
|percentage = 0.24
|change = -.13}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 234,645
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2008]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 158,939
|percentage = 50.14
|change = -6.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Ethan Berkowitz]]
|votes = 142,560
|percentage = 44.98
|change = +4.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Don Wright
|votes = 14,274
|percentage = 4.50
|change = +4.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 1,205
|percentage = 0.38
|change = +0.14}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 316,978
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2010]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 175,384
|percentage = 68.96
|change = +18.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Harry Crawford (politician)|Harry Crawford]]
|votes = 77,606
|percentage = 30.51
|change = -14.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 1,345
|percentage = 0.53
|change = +0.15}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 254,335
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012 election===

{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2012]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 185,296
|percentage = 63.94
|change = -5.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Sharon Cissna]]
|votes = 82,927
|percentage = 28.62
|change = -1.89}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Libertarian Party (US)
|candidate = Jim McDermott
|votes = 15,028
|percentage = 5.19
|change = +5.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ted Gianoutsos
|votes = 5,589
|percentage = 1.93
|change = +1.93}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 964
|percentage = 0.33
|change = -0.20}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 289,804
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
<references />
*{{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
*{{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
* [http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present]

{{USCongDistStateAK}}
{{Alaska}}

{{coord|64|N|153|W|display=title}}

[[Category:Congressional districts of Alaska|At-large]]
[[Category:At-large United States congressional districts]]

Benutzer:Matthiasb/Alaskas At-Large-Kongresswahlbezirk

2014-11-06T18:36:57Z

Ponydepression: /* Voter registration */

{{Infobox U.S. congressional district
|state = Alaska
|district number = AL
|image name =AK01_109.png|right|500px
|image width = 300
|image caption =
|representative = [[Don Young]]
|party = Republican
|residence = Fort Yukon
|english area =570,641
|percent urban = 65.7
|percent rural = 34.3
|population = 710,231
|population year = 2010
|median income = 57,431
|percent white = 64.1
|percent black = 3.1
|percent asian = 5.3
|percent native american = 14.4
|percent hispanic = 5.5
|percent other race = 7.6
|percent blue collar = 22.4
|percent white collar = 60.5
|percent gray collar = 17.1
|cpvi = R+12
}}
'''Alaska's at-large Congressional District''' is the sole congressional district for the state of [[Alaska]]. Based on size, it is the largest [[congressional district]] in the nation and is one of the largest parliamentary constituencies in the world.

The district has been represented by Republican [[Don Young]] since March 6, 1973.

==History==
The district was first created when Alaska achieved statehood on January 3, 1959, electing a single member. Since its creation, Alaska has retained a single congressional district.

===Voter registration===
{| class=wikitable
! colspan = 6 | Voter registration as of December 3, 2012
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Total voters
! Percentage
{{American politics/party colors/Democratic/row}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| align=center | 74,250
| align=center | 14.57%
{{American politics/party colors/Republican/row}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| align=center | 138,781
| align=center | 27.22%
{{American politics/party colors/Libertarian/row}}
| Minor Parties
| align=center | 26,579
| align=center | 5.21%
{{American politics/party colors/Independent/row}}
| Unaffiliated
| align=center | 270,208
| align=center | 53.00%
|-
! colspan = 2 | Total
! align=center | 509,818
! align=center | 100%
|}

==Presidential elections==
* [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]]: [[Al Gore|Gore]] - 27.67%, [[George W. Bush|Bush]] - 58.62%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 13.71%
* [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]]: [[John Kerry|Kerry]] - 35.52%, [[George W. Bush|Bush]] - 61.07%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 3.42%
* [[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]]: [[Barack Obama|Obama]] - 37.89%, [[John McCain|McCain]] - 59.42%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 2.69%
* [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]]: [[Barack Obama|Obama]] - 40.81%, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] - 54.80%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 4.39%

Average - [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (35.47%), [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (58.48%), [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] (6.05%)

== List of representatives ==
{{see also|Alaska Territory's at-large congressional district}}

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Representative
! Party
! Term
! Notes
|-
| colspan=5 | District created January 3, 1959
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Ralph Julian Rivers.jpg|75px]] [[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph J. Rivers]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || January 3, 1959 – December 30, 1966 || Lost re-election, then resigned
|-
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant'' || December 30, 1966 – January 3, 1967 ||
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Howard Wallace Pollock.jpg|75px]] [[Howard Wallace Pollock|Howard W. Pollock]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] || January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971 || Retired
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Nick Begich.jpg|75px]] [[Nick Begich]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || January 3, 1971 – December 29, 1972 || Went missing October 16, 1972
Declared dead December 29, 1972
|-
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant'' || December 29, 1972 – March 6, 1973 ||
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Don Young, official photo portrait, color, 2006.jpg|75px]] [[Don Young]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] || March 6, 1973 – Present || Incumbent
|}

==Election results==
This district is normally considered safely [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] because no [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] has been elected since [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1972|1972]] and because incumbent [[Don Young]] has rarely faced a serious challenge since [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1992|1992]] when he beat Mayor John Devens (D-[[Valdez, Alaska|Valdez]]) by 4%. Although allegations of corruption against Young led Democrats to target [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2008|this seat in 2008]], Young retained his seat.

===1958 to 2004===
{| class=wikitable
! rowspan=2 | Year
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Republican
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Democratic
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Green
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Libertarian
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Others
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Write-in<ref>Prior to the 1976 election, official election returns released by the State of Alaska were typewritten rather than computer generated, and write-in votes were not included in published vote totals</ref>
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Votes
! Pct
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1958|1958]]
| nowrap | [[Henry A. Benson]]
| align=right | 20,699
| {{pct|20699|48647|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]]'''
| align=right | 27,948
| {{pct|27948|48647|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1960|1960]]
| nowrap | [[R. L. Rettig]]
| align=right | 25,517
| {{pct|25517|59063|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 33,546
| {{pct|33546|59063|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1962|1962]]
| nowrap | [[Lowell Thomas, Jr.]]
| align=right | 26,638
| {{pct|26638|60591|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 33,953
| {{pct|33953|60591|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1964|1964]]
| nowrap | [[Lowell Thomas, Jr.]]
| align=right | 32,556
| {{pct|32556|67146|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 34,590
| {{pct|34590|67146|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1966|1966]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Howard Wallace Pollock|Howard W. Pollock]]'''
| align=right | 34,040
| {{pct|34040|65907|1}}
| nowrap | [[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)
| align=right | 31,867
| {{pct|31867|65907|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1968|1968]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Howard W. Pollock]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 43,577
| {{pct|43577|80362|1}}
| nowrap | [[Nick Begich]]
| align=right | 36,785
| {{pct|36785|80362|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1970|1970]]
| nowrap | [[Frank Murkowski]]
| align=right | 35,947
| {{pct|35947|80084|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Nick Begich]]'''
| align=right | 44,137
| {{pct|44137|80084|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1972|1972]]
| nowrap | [[Don Young]]
| align=right | 41,750
| {{pct|41750|95401|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Nick Begich]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 53,651
| {{pct|53651|95401|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Alaska's at-large congressional district special election|1973]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]]'''
| align=right | 35,044
| {{pct|35044|68167|1}}
| nowrap | [[Emil Notti]]
| align=right | 33,123
| {{pct|33123|68167|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1974|1974]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 51,641
| {{pct|51641|95921|1}}
| nowrap | [[William L. Hensley]]
| align=right | 44,280
| {{pct|44280|95921|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1976|1976]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 83,722
| {{pct|83722|118208|1}}
| nowrap | [[Eben Hopson]]
| align=right | 34,194
| {{pct|34194|118208|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 292
| {{pct|292|118208|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1978|1978]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 68,811
| {{pct|68811|124187|1}}
| nowrap | [[Patrick Rodey]]
| align=right | 55,176
| {{pct|55176|124187|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 200
| {{pct|200|124187|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1980|1980]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 114,089
| {{pct|114089|154618|1}}
| nowrap | [[Kevin Parnell]]
| align=right | 39,922
| {{pct|39922|154618|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 607
| {{pct|607|154618|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1982|1982]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 128,274
| {{pct|128274|181084|1}}
| nowrap | [[Dave Carlson]]
| align=right | 52,011
| {{pct|52011|181084|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 799
| {{pct|799|181084|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1984|1984]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 113,582
| {{pct|113582|206437|1}}
| nowrap | [[List of United States political families (B)#The Begichs|Pegge Begich]]
| align=right | 86,052
| {{pct|86052|206437|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Betty Breck]] (I)
| align=right | 6,508
| {{pct|6508|206437|1}}
| align=right | 295
| {{pct|295|206437|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1986|1986]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 101,799
| {{pct|101799|180277|1}}
| nowrap | [[Pegge Begich]]
| align=right | 74,053
| {{pct|74053|180277|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Betty Breck]]
| align=right | 4,182
| {{pct|4182|180277|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 243
| {{pct|243|180277|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1988|1988]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 120,595
| {{pct|120595|192955|1}}
| nowrap | [[Peter Gruenstein]]
| align=right | 71,881
| {{pct|71881|192955|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 479
| {{pct|479|192955|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1990|1990]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 99,003
| {{pct|99003|191647|1}}
| nowrap | [[John S. Devens]]
| align=right | 91,677
| {{pct|91677|191647|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 967
| {{pct|967|191647|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1992|1992]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 111,849
| {{pct|111849|239116|1}}
| nowrap | [[John S. Devens]]
| align=right | 102,378
| {{pct|102378|239116|1}}
| nowrap | Mike Milligan
| align=right | 9,529
| {{pct|9529|239116|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Michael States]] ([[Alaskan Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 15,049
| {{pct|15049|239116|1}}
| align=right | 311
| {{pct|311|239116|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1994|1994]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 118,537
| {{pct|118537|208240|1}}
| nowrap | Tony Smith
| align=right | 68,172
| {{pct|68172|208240|1}}
| nowrap | [[Joni Whitmore]]
| align=right | 21,277
| {{pct|21277|208240|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 254
| {{pct|254|208240|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1996|1996]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 138,834
| {{pct|138834|233700|1}}
| nowrap | [[Georgianna Lincoln]]
| align=right | 85,114
| {{pct|85114|233700|1}}
| nowrap | [[John J. G. Grames]]
| align=right | 4,513
| {{pct|4513|233700|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[William J. Nemec II]] ([[Alaska Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 5,017
| {{pct|5017|233700|1}}
| align=right | 222
| {{pct|222|233700|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1998|1998]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 139,676
| {{pct|139676|223300|1}}
| nowrap | Jim Duncan
| align=right | 77,232
| {{pct|77232|223300|1}}
| nowrap | [[John J. G. Grames]]
| align=right | 5,923
| {{pct|5923|223300|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 469
| {{pct|469|223300|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2000|2000]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 190,862
| {{pct|190862|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Clifford Mark Greene]]
| align=right | 45,372
| {{pct|45372|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Anna C. Young]]
| align=right | 22,440
| {{pct|22440|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Leonard J. Karpinski]]
| align=right | 4,802
| {{pct|4802|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Jim Dore]] ([[Alaska Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 10,085
| {{pct|10085|274393|1}}
| align=right | 832
| {{pct|832|274393|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2002|2002]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 169,685
| {{pct|169685|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Clifford Mark Greene]]
| align=right | 39,357
| {{pct|39357|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Russell deForest]]
| align=right | 14,435
| {{pct|14435|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Rob Clift]]
| align=right | 3,797
| {{pct|3797|227725|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 291
| {{pct|291|227725|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2004|2004]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 213,216
| {{pct|213216|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Thomas M. Higgins]]
| align=right | 67,074
| {{pct|67074|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Timothy A. Feller]]
| align=right | 11,434
| {{pct|11434|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Alvin A. Anders]]
| align=right | 7,157
| {{pct|7157|299996|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 1,115
| {{pct|1115|299996|1}}

|-
! Year
! colspan=3 | Republican
! colspan=3 | Democratic
! colspan=3 | Green
! colspan=3 | Libertarian
! colspan=3 | Others
! colspan=3 | Write-in
|}
''Source: {{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html |title=Election Statistics |accessdate=August 8, 2008 |publisher=Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080730201058/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html| archivedate= 30 July 2008 | deadurl= no}}''

=== 2006 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2006]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 132,743
|percentage = 56.57
|change = -14.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Diane Benson]]
|votes = 93,879
|percentage = 40.01
|change = +17.65}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Libertarian Party (US)
|candidate = Alexander Crawford
|votes = 4,029
|percentage = 1.72
|change = -0.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Green Party (US)
|candidate = Eva Ince
|votes = 1,819
|percentage = 0.78
|change = -3.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = William Ratigan
|votes = 1,615
|percentage = 0.69
|change = }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 560
|percentage = 0.24
|change = -.13}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 234,645
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2008]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 158,939
|percentage = 50.14
|change = -6.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Ethan Berkowitz]]
|votes = 142,560
|percentage = 44.98
|change = +4.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Don Wright
|votes = 14,274
|percentage = 4.50
|change = +4.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 1,205
|percentage = 0.38
|change = +0.14}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 316,978
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2010]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 175,384
|percentage = 68.96
|change = +18.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Harry Crawford (politician)|Harry Crawford]]
|votes = 77,606
|percentage = 30.51
|change = -14.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 1,345
|percentage = 0.53
|change = +0.15}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 254,335
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012 election===

{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2012]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 185,296
|percentage = 63.94
|change = -5.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Sharon Cissna]]
|votes = 82,927
|percentage = 28.62
|change = -1.89}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Libertarian Party (US)
|candidate = Jim McDermott
|votes = 15,028
|percentage = 5.19
|change = +5.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ted Gianoutsos
|votes = 5,589
|percentage = 1.93
|change = +1.93}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 964
|percentage = 0.33
|change = -0.20}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 289,804
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
<references />
*{{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
*{{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
* [http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present]

{{USCongDistStateAK}}
{{Alaska}}

{{coord|64|N|153|W|display=title}}

[[Category:Congressional districts of Alaska|At-large]]
[[Category:At-large United States congressional districts]]

Benutzer:Matthiasb/Alaskas At-Large-Kongresswahlbezirk

2014-11-06T18:36:27Z

Ponydepression: /* Voter Registration */

{{Infobox U.S. congressional district
|state = Alaska
|district number = AL
|image name =AK01_109.png|right|500px
|image width = 300
|image caption =
|representative = [[Don Young]]
|party = Republican
|residence = Fort Yukon
|english area =570,641
|percent urban = 65.7
|percent rural = 34.3
|population = 710,231
|population year = 2010
|median income = 57,431
|percent white = 64.1
|percent black = 3.1
|percent asian = 5.3
|percent native american = 14.4
|percent hispanic = 5.5
|percent other race = 7.6
|percent blue collar = 22.4
|percent white collar = 60.5
|percent gray collar = 17.1
|cpvi = R+12
}}
'''Alaska's at-large Congressional District''' is the sole congressional district for the state of [[Alaska]]. Based on size, it is the largest [[congressional district]] in the nation and is one of the largest parliamentary constituencies in the world.

The district has been represented by Republican [[Don Young]] since March 6, 1973.

==History==
The district was first created when Alaska achieved statehood on January 3, 1959, electing a single member. Since its creation, Alaska has retained a single congressional district.

===Voter registration===
{| class=wikitable
! colspan = 6 | Voter registration as of December 3, 2012
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Total boters
! Percentage
{{American politics/party colors/Democratic/row}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| align=center | 74,250
| align=center | 14.57%
{{American politics/party colors/Republican/row}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| align=center | 138,781
| align=center | 27.22%
{{American politics/party colors/Libertarian/row}}
| Minor Parties
| align=center | 26,579
| align=center | 5.21%
{{American politics/party colors/Independent/row}}
| Unaffiliated
| align=center | 270,208
| align=center | 53.00%
|-
! colspan = 2 | Total
! align=center | 509,818
! align=center | 100%
|}

==Presidential elections==
* [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]]: [[Al Gore|Gore]] - 27.67%, [[George W. Bush|Bush]] - 58.62%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 13.71%
* [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]]: [[John Kerry|Kerry]] - 35.52%, [[George W. Bush|Bush]] - 61.07%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 3.42%
* [[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]]: [[Barack Obama|Obama]] - 37.89%, [[John McCain|McCain]] - 59.42%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 2.69%
* [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]]: [[Barack Obama|Obama]] - 40.81%, [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] - 54.80%, [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] - 4.39%

Average - [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (35.47%), [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (58.48%), [[Third party (United States)|Third Party]] (6.05%)

== List of representatives ==
{{see also|Alaska Territory's at-large congressional district}}

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Representative
! Party
! Term
! Notes
|-
| colspan=5 | District created January 3, 1959
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Ralph Julian Rivers.jpg|75px]] [[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph J. Rivers]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || January 3, 1959 – December 30, 1966 || Lost re-election, then resigned
|-
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant'' || December 30, 1966 – January 3, 1967 ||
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Howard Wallace Pollock.jpg|75px]] [[Howard Wallace Pollock|Howard W. Pollock]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] || January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971 || Retired
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Nick Begich.jpg|75px]] [[Nick Begich]] || {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || January 3, 1971 – December 29, 1972 || Went missing October 16, 1972
Declared dead December 29, 1972
|-
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant'' || December 29, 1972 – March 6, 1973 ||
|-
| align=left nowrap | [[File:Don Young, official photo portrait, color, 2006.jpg|75px]] [[Don Young]] || {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] || March 6, 1973 – Present || Incumbent
|}

==Election results==
This district is normally considered safely [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] because no [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] has been elected since [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1972|1972]] and because incumbent [[Don Young]] has rarely faced a serious challenge since [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1992|1992]] when he beat Mayor John Devens (D-[[Valdez, Alaska|Valdez]]) by 4%. Although allegations of corruption against Young led Democrats to target [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2008|this seat in 2008]], Young retained his seat.

===1958 to 2004===
{| class=wikitable
! rowspan=2 | Year
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Republican
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Democratic
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Green
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Libertarian
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Others
! rowspan=99 |
! colspan=3 | Write-in<ref>Prior to the 1976 election, official election returns released by the State of Alaska were typewritten rather than computer generated, and write-in votes were not included in published vote totals</ref>
|-
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Candidate
! Votes
! Pct
! Votes
! Pct
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1958|1958]]
| nowrap | [[Henry A. Benson]]
| align=right | 20,699
| {{pct|20699|48647|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]]'''
| align=right | 27,948
| {{pct|27948|48647|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1960|1960]]
| nowrap | [[R. L. Rettig]]
| align=right | 25,517
| {{pct|25517|59063|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 33,546
| {{pct|33546|59063|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1962|1962]]
| nowrap | [[Lowell Thomas, Jr.]]
| align=right | 26,638
| {{pct|26638|60591|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 33,953
| {{pct|33953|60591|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1964|1964]]
| nowrap | [[Lowell Thomas, Jr.]]
| align=right | 32,556
| {{pct|32556|67146|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 34,590
| {{pct|34590|67146|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1966|1966]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Howard Wallace Pollock|Howard W. Pollock]]'''
| align=right | 34,040
| {{pct|34040|65907|1}}
| nowrap | [[Ralph Julian Rivers|Ralph Rivers]] (inc.)
| align=right | 31,867
| {{pct|31867|65907|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1968|1968]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Howard W. Pollock]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 43,577
| {{pct|43577|80362|1}}
| nowrap | [[Nick Begich]]
| align=right | 36,785
| {{pct|36785|80362|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1970|1970]]
| nowrap | [[Frank Murkowski]]
| align=right | 35,947
| {{pct|35947|80084|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Nick Begich]]'''
| align=right | 44,137
| {{pct|44137|80084|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1972|1972]]
| nowrap | [[Don Young]]
| align=right | 41,750
| {{pct|41750|95401|1}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} nowrap | '''[[Nick Begich]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 53,651
| {{pct|53651|95401|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Alaska's at-large congressional district special election|1973]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]]'''
| align=right | 35,044
| {{pct|35044|68167|1}}
| nowrap | [[Emil Notti]]
| align=right | 33,123
| {{pct|33123|68167|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1974|1974]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 51,641
| {{pct|51641|95921|1}}
| nowrap | [[William L. Hensley]]
| align=right | 44,280
| {{pct|44280|95921|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1976|1976]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 83,722
| {{pct|83722|118208|1}}
| nowrap | [[Eben Hopson]]
| align=right | 34,194
| {{pct|34194|118208|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 292
| {{pct|292|118208|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1978|1978]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 68,811
| {{pct|68811|124187|1}}
| nowrap | [[Patrick Rodey]]
| align=right | 55,176
| {{pct|55176|124187|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 200
| {{pct|200|124187|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1980|1980]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 114,089
| {{pct|114089|154618|1}}
| nowrap | [[Kevin Parnell]]
| align=right | 39,922
| {{pct|39922|154618|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 607
| {{pct|607|154618|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1982|1982]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 128,274
| {{pct|128274|181084|1}}
| nowrap | [[Dave Carlson]]
| align=right | 52,011
| {{pct|52011|181084|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 799
| {{pct|799|181084|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1984|1984]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 113,582
| {{pct|113582|206437|1}}
| nowrap | [[List of United States political families (B)#The Begichs|Pegge Begich]]
| align=right | 86,052
| {{pct|86052|206437|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Betty Breck]] (I)
| align=right | 6,508
| {{pct|6508|206437|1}}
| align=right | 295
| {{pct|295|206437|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1986|1986]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 101,799
| {{pct|101799|180277|1}}
| nowrap | [[Pegge Begich]]
| align=right | 74,053
| {{pct|74053|180277|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Betty Breck]]
| align=right | 4,182
| {{pct|4182|180277|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 243
| {{pct|243|180277|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1988|1988]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 120,595
| {{pct|120595|192955|1}}
| nowrap | [[Peter Gruenstein]]
| align=right | 71,881
| {{pct|71881|192955|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 479
| {{pct|479|192955|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1990|1990]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 99,003
| {{pct|99003|191647|1}}
| nowrap | [[John S. Devens]]
| align=right | 91,677
| {{pct|91677|191647|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 967
| {{pct|967|191647|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1992|1992]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 111,849
| {{pct|111849|239116|1}}
| nowrap | [[John S. Devens]]
| align=right | 102,378
| {{pct|102378|239116|1}}
| nowrap | Mike Milligan
| align=right | 9,529
| {{pct|9529|239116|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[Michael States]] ([[Alaskan Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 15,049
| {{pct|15049|239116|1}}
| align=right | 311
| {{pct|311|239116|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1994|1994]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 118,537
| {{pct|118537|208240|1}}
| nowrap | Tony Smith
| align=right | 68,172
| {{pct|68172|208240|1}}
| nowrap | [[Joni Whitmore]]
| align=right | 21,277
| {{pct|21277|208240|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 254
| {{pct|254|208240|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1996|1996]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 138,834
| {{pct|138834|233700|1}}
| nowrap | [[Georgianna Lincoln]]
| align=right | 85,114
| {{pct|85114|233700|1}}
| nowrap | [[John J. G. Grames]]
| align=right | 4,513
| {{pct|4513|233700|1}}
|
|
|
| nowrap | [[William J. Nemec II]] ([[Alaska Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 5,017
| {{pct|5017|233700|1}}
| align=right | 222
| {{pct|222|233700|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1998|1998]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 139,676
| {{pct|139676|223300|1}}
| nowrap | Jim Duncan
| align=right | 77,232
| {{pct|77232|223300|1}}
| nowrap | [[John J. G. Grames]]
| align=right | 5,923
| {{pct|5923|223300|1}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
| align=right | 469
| {{pct|469|223300|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2000|2000]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 190,862
| {{pct|190862|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Clifford Mark Greene]]
| align=right | 45,372
| {{pct|45372|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Anna C. Young]]
| align=right | 22,440
| {{pct|22440|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Leonard J. Karpinski]]
| align=right | 4,802
| {{pct|4802|274393|1}}
| nowrap | [[Jim Dore]] ([[Alaska Independence Party|AI]])
| align=right | 10,085
| {{pct|10085|274393|1}}
| align=right | 832
| {{pct|832|274393|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2002|2002]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 169,685
| {{pct|169685|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Clifford Mark Greene]]
| align=right | 39,357
| {{pct|39357|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Russell deForest]]
| align=right | 14,435
| {{pct|14435|227725|1}}
| nowrap | [[Rob Clift]]
| align=right | 3,797
| {{pct|3797|227725|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 291
| {{pct|291|227725|1}}
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2004|2004]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} nowrap | '''[[Don Young]] (inc.)'''
| align=right | 213,216
| {{pct|213216|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Thomas M. Higgins]]
| align=right | 67,074
| {{pct|67074|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Timothy A. Feller]]
| align=right | 11,434
| {{pct|11434|299996|1}}
| nowrap | [[Alvin A. Anders]]
| align=right | 7,157
| {{pct|7157|299996|1}}
|
|
|
| align=right | 1,115
| {{pct|1115|299996|1}}

|-
! Year
! colspan=3 | Republican
! colspan=3 | Democratic
! colspan=3 | Green
! colspan=3 | Libertarian
! colspan=3 | Others
! colspan=3 | Write-in
|}
''Source: {{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html |title=Election Statistics |accessdate=August 8, 2008 |publisher=Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080730201058/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html| archivedate= 30 July 2008 | deadurl= no}}''

=== 2006 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2006]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 132,743
|percentage = 56.57
|change = -14.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Diane Benson]]
|votes = 93,879
|percentage = 40.01
|change = +17.65}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Libertarian Party (US)
|candidate = Alexander Crawford
|votes = 4,029
|percentage = 1.72
|change = -0.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Green Party (US)
|candidate = Eva Ince
|votes = 1,819
|percentage = 0.78
|change = -3.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = William Ratigan
|votes = 1,615
|percentage = 0.69
|change = }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 560
|percentage = 0.24
|change = -.13}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 234,645
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2008]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 158,939
|percentage = 50.14
|change = -6.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Ethan Berkowitz]]
|votes = 142,560
|percentage = 44.98
|change = +4.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Don Wright
|votes = 14,274
|percentage = 4.50
|change = +4.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 1,205
|percentage = 0.38
|change = +0.14}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 316,978
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010 election===
{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2010]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 175,384
|percentage = 68.96
|change = +18.82}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Harry Crawford (politician)|Harry Crawford]]
|votes = 77,606
|percentage = 30.51
|change = -14.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 1,345
|percentage = 0.53
|change = +0.15}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 254,335
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012 election===

{{Election box begin
| title=[[United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 2012]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (US)
|candidate = '''[[Don Young]] ([[incumbent|inc.]])
|votes = 185,296
|percentage = 63.94
|change = -5.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (US)
|candidate = [[Sharon Cissna]]
|votes = 82,927
|percentage = 28.62
|change = -1.89}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Libertarian Party (US)
|candidate = Jim McDermott
|votes = 15,028
|percentage = 5.19
|change = +5.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ted Gianoutsos
|votes = 5,589
|percentage = 1.93
|change = +1.93}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Write-In Votes
|votes = 964
|percentage = 0.33
|change = -0.20}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Republican Party (US)
|loser = Democratic Party (US)
|swing =}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 289,804
|percentage =
|change =}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
<references />
*{{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
*{{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
* [http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present]

{{USCongDistStateAK}}
{{Alaska}}

{{coord|64|N|153|W|display=title}}

[[Category:Congressional districts of Alaska|At-large]]
[[Category:At-large United States congressional districts]]

Idaho-Stop

2014-05-31T18:47:06Z

Ponydepression:

{{underlinked|date=February 2014}}

The '''Idaho stop''' is the common name for a law that allows [[cyclists]] to treat a [[stop sign]] as a yield sign, and a [[traffic light|red light]] as a stop sign. It first became law in [[Idaho]] in 1982, but has not been adopted elsewhere. A limited form of the law called "Stop as Yield", that deals only with stop signs, has expanded to parts of Colorado and been considered in several other states. Advocates argue that current law criminalizes normal cycling behavior, and that the Idaho stop makes cycling easier and safer and places the focus where it should be: on yielding the right-of-way.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bialick |first=Aaron |url=http://sf.streetsblog.org/2012/07/20/bikes-are-not-cars-why-california-needs-an-idaho-stop-law/ |title=Bikes Are Not Cars: Why California Needs an "Idaho Stop" Law | Streetsblog San Francisco |publisher=Sf.streetsblog.org |date= |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> Opponents think it is less safe because it violates the principles of [[vehicular cycling]] and makes cyclists less predictable.

==History==
The original Idaho yield law was introduced as Idaho HB 541 during a comprehensive revision of Idaho [[Traffic laws]] in 1982. At that time, minor traffic offenses were criminal offenses and there was a desire to downgrade many of these to "civil public offenses" to free up docket time.

Carl Bianchi, then the Administrative Director of the [[Idaho Supreme Court|Courts in Idaho]], saw an opportunity to attach a modernization of the [[Bicycle law in the United States|bicycle law]] onto the larger revision of the traffic code. He drafted a new bicycle code that would more closely conform with the [[Uniform Vehicle Code]], and included new provisions allowing cyclists to take the lane, or to merge left, when appropriate. Addressing the concerns of the state’s magistrates, who were concerned that "technical violations" of traffic control device laws by cyclists were cluttering the court, the draft also contained a provision that allowed cyclists to treat a stop sign as a yield sign—the so-called “rolling stop law.” The new bicycle law passed in 1982, despite objections among some cyclists and law enforcement officers.

In 2006, the law was modified to specify that cyclists must stop on red and yield before proceeding straight through the intersection, and before turning left at an intersection. This had been the original intent, but Idaho law enforcement officials wanted it specified.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bicyclelaw.com/blog/index.cfm/2009/3/7/Origins-of-Idahos-Stop-as-Yield-Law
|title = Origins of Idaho's "Stop as Yield" Law
|last = Bernardo
|first = Rick
|date = March 7, 2009
|website = BicycleLaw.com
|publisher = Bob Mionske
|accessdate = 2014-02-15
}}</ref> The law originally passed with an education provision, but that was removed in 1988 because "youthful riders quickly
adapted to the new system and had more respect for a law that legalized actual riding behavior."<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://btaoregon.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/hb2690-idaho-stop-second-article-by-ray-thomas-for-oregon-cycling-magazine1.pdf
|title = History of Idaho’s stop sign law
|last = Thomas
|first = Ray
|date = December 2008
|website = BTAOregon.org
|accessdate = 2014-02-15
}}</ref>

==Positions==
'''Pro'''
* Because of the positive externalities of cycling, bicycle laws should be designed to allow cyclists to travel swiftly and easily, and this provision allows for the conservation of energy.<ref>[http://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Fajans-J.-and-M.-Curry.-2001..pdf Why Bicyclists Hate Stop Signs], Joel Fajansan and Melanie Curry, 2001</ref>
* By allowing cyclist to get in front of traffic, they become more visible, and in so doing, more safe.
* Current laws were written for cars, and unlike cars, it is easy for cyclists to yield the right-of-way without coming to a complete stop. Because cyclists are moving slower, have stereoscopic hearing, have no blind spots and can stop and maneuver more quickly than cars, current traffic control device laws don't make sense for cyclists.
* With the Idaho stop, at special intersections where lights are controlled by sensing equipment, there is no need to provide extra equipment for cyclists.
* The stop-as-yield provision reduces conflict between neighborhood traffic-calming advocates wanting more stop signs and bicycle commuters.
* Changing the legal duties of cyclists would provide direction to law enforcement to focus their attention where it belongs—on unsafe cyclists (and motorists).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.bicycling.com/blogs/roadrights/2009/09/01/making-better-laws/ |title=Making Better Laws | Road Rights | Bicycling.com |publisher=Blogs.bicycling.com |date=2009-09-01 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref>
* The usual law forces cyclists to choose between routes that are more efficient but less safe due to higher traffic volumes, and routes that are more safe, but less efficient due to the presence of numerous stop signs. Allowing cyclists to treat stop signs as yield signs empowers them to legally make the safer routes more efficient.
* The only study done on the safety of the Idaho Stop shows that it is slightly safer.<ref>''Bicycle Safety and Choice: Compounded Public Cobenefits of the Idaho Law Relaxing Stop Requirements for Cycling'', Jason N. Meggs, 2010</ref>

'''Con'''
* The provision relies on the judgement of cyclists, but children ride bikes and lack the judgement to do this maneuver safely
* Allowing cyclists to behave by a separate set of rules makes them less predictable and thus, less safe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cabobike.org/2010/02/03/argument-against-an-idaho-style-stop-as-yield-law-for-bicyclists/ |title=CABO » Argument Against an Idaho Style “Stop as Yield” Law for Bicyclists |publisher=Cabobike.org |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref>

==Examples and legislative history==
Idaho is both the largest and longest practitioner of the safe stop. Mark McNeese, Bicycle/Pedestrian Coordinator for the [[Idaho Transportation Department]] says that "Idaho bicycle-collision statistics confirm that the Idaho law has resulted in no discernible increase in injuries or fatalities to bicyclists."

In 2012, a decree in [[Paris]] allowed cyclists in that city to turn right or, if there is no street to the right, proceed straight ahead on red, under the condition that they “exercise caution” and yield to pedestrians, after road safety experts deemed the measure would cut road accidents.<ref>{{cite web|last=Samuel |first=Henry |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/9067129/Paris-cyclists-given-right-to-break-traffic-laws.html |title=Paris cyclists given right to break traffic laws |publisher=Telegraph |date= |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref>

In parts of [[Colorado]], the stop-as-yield law is in place. In 2011, the cities of [[Dillon, Colorado|Dillon]] and [[Breckenridge, Colorado|Breckenridge]], Colorado passed stop-as-yield laws<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.danielrrosen.com/2013/02/yield-stop-bicycling-laws-for-aspen-and-denver/ |title=Yield-Stop Bicycling Laws for Aspen and Denver? | Daniel R. Rosen, P.C |publisher=Danielrrosen.com |date=2013-02-14 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> and in 2013, the City of [[Aspen, Colorado|Aspen]] passed one as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aspentimes.com/news/6985552-113/stop-yield-aspen-council |title=Bike riders will be able to yield legally at stop signs around Aspen |publisher=AspenTimes.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> Fort Collins considered the same law in 2013, but declined.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coloradoan.com/article/20131014/NEWS01/310140035/Fort-Collins-Bicycle-Advisory-Committee-puts-brakes-stop-yield |title=Fort Collins Bicycle Advisory Committee puts the brakes on stop-as-yield |publisher=Coloradoan.com |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref>

Many states have laws allowing cyclists to proceed through a red light if the light doesn't change due to the inability of the embedded sensors in the ground to detect them. Such laws often require that the cyclist confirm that there is no oncoming traffic and that they wait some amount of time or cycles of the light.

Attempts have been made to introduce similar legislation in Minnesota, Oregon, Arizona, Montana and Utah. Minnesota legislators introduced a bill similar to Idaho's in 2008, but it never made it out of committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/bills/bill.php?view=chrono&f=HF4245&y=2008&ssn=0&b=house#actions |title=HF 4245 Status in the House for the 85th Legislature (2007 - 2008) |publisher=Revisor.leg.state.mn.us |date=2008-05-15 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> In 2009 Idaho stop or stop-as-yield bills were introduced in three states without success; in Oregon, a lack of support for the Idaho stop bill - many legislators cited constituent opposition to giving cyclists what they viewed as special rights - led a key legislator to refuse to schedule a work session on it and it died in committee as did a stop-as-yield bill in Arizona. The same year in Montana a stop-as-yield bill was opposed by the insurance industry and the Montana Highway Patrol<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leg.mt.gov/bills/2009/Minutes/House/090112TRH_Hm1.pdf |title=Montana House of Representatives : Committee on Transportation |publisher=Leg.mt.gov |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> and was voted down in committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bikeportland.org/2009/03/05/idaho-style-stop-law-fizzles-out-in-arizona-a-bad-sign-for-oregon-15725 |title=Idaho-style stop law fizzles out in Arizona: A bad sign for Oregon? |publisher=BikePortland.org |date=2009-03-05 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> In 2010, a stop-as yield bill in Utah passed in the House<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14472194 |title=Utah Local News - Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive - The Salt Lake Tribune |publisher=Sltrib.com |date=2010-02-25 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> and the Senate transportation committee but failed to pass on the Senate floor by one vote in an 11-11-7 vote; the following year in Utah it again died in the Senate on a tie vote after passing the House<ref>{{cite web|url=http://le.utah.gov/~2011/status/hbillsta/hb0155.002s.txt |title=Utah State Senate : Cycling Laws |publisher=Le.utah.gov |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> That same year a similar bill in Arizona again never made it out of committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/AZ/votes/HB2633/2010 |title=Votes: AZ HB2633 | 2010 | Forty-ninth Legislature 2nd Regular |publisher=LegiScan |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> In 2011, in Oregon, the Idaho stop bill was never voted on in committee and failed upon adjournment,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/OR/votes/SB604/2011 |title=Votes: OR SB604 | 2011 | Regular Session |publisher=LegiScan |date=2011-06-30 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> and the stop-as-yield bill met a similar fate in Arizona again.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/AZ/votes/HB2130/2011 |title=Votes: AZ HB2130 | 2011 | Fiftieth Legislature 1st Regular |publisher=LegiScan |date=2011-01-19 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> In 2012, the Arizona stop-as-yield bill finally made it out of one house committee,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tucsonvelo.com/news/bicycle-yield-bill-and-texting-ban-advance-in-legislature/11615 |title=Bicycle yield bill and texting ban advance in legislature | Tucson VeloTucson Velo |publisher=|date=2012-01-27 |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref> only to die in another.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/AZ/bill/HB2211/2012 |title=AZ HB2211 | 2012 | Fiftieth Legislature 2nd Regular |publisher=LegiScan |date= |accessdate=2014-02-16}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://vimeo.com/4140910 Video explanation of Idaho Stop]

{{Cycling}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Idaho Stop}}
[[Category:Bicycle law]]
[[Category:Cycling safety]]
[[Category:Idaho law]]
[[Category:Utility cycling]]

Disney’s Polynesian Village Resort

2013-05-23T05:59:59Z

Ponydepression: /* Famous Guests */

{{advert|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox Disney resort|type=deluxe
| name = Disney's Polynesian Resort
| logo = LOGO_Polynesian_Resort.png
| logosize = 200px
| location = Magic Kingdom Resort Area
| opendate = October 1, 1971
| theme = South Seas
| sections = [[Rarotonga]], [[Niue]], [[Samoa]], [[Hawaii]], [[Tuvalu]], [[Fiji]], [[Aotearoa]], [[Tonga]], [[Tokelau]], [[Tahiti]], [[Rapa Nui]]
| roomnumber = 847
| suite = Standard Suite, Honeymoon Jr. Suite, Princess Suite, Ambassador Suite, King Kamehameha Suite
| floors = 2-3 (varies by building)
| address = 1600 Seven Seas Drive, [[Lake Buena Vista, FL]] 32830 ([[United States of America|USA]])
| phoneno. = (407) 824-2000
| faxno. = (407) 824-3174
| greenlodge = yes
|}}
'''Disney's Polynesian Resort''' (formerly the '''Polynesian Village''')<ref>{{cite book |title=Walt Disney World, The First Decade |year=1982 |publisher=[[Walt Disney Productions]] |id={{ASIN|B000UV4K46}} |page=92}}</ref> is a [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] owned and operated AAA Four-Diamond Award–winning<ref name="AAA_Diamond">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaa.biz/Approved/files/2008/2008_4D_Lodgings.pdf |format=PDF|title=AAA Four Diamond Award Winners, Lodging |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=AAA |date= }} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> resort located at the [[Walt Disney World Resort]]. It began operation on October 1, 1971 as one of [[Walt Disney World Resort|Walt Disney World Resort's]] first two on-site hotels. The resort has a [[Oceania|South Seas]] theme, and originally opened with 492 rooms.<ref name="WYW_Poly">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniluxe.net/wyw/poly.htm |title=The Polynesian Village Resort |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Widen Your World |date= }}</ref> It was designed by [[Welton Becket|Welton Becket and Associates]] and constructed by [[US Steel|US Steel Realty Development]]. The resort is owned and operated by [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts]].

Since its opening in 1971, the resort has seen two major expansions; the first in 1978, with the addition of a longhouse, the Tangaroa Terrace restaurant/support facility, and a secondary pool. A second expansion took place in 1985, with the construction of two additional longhouses. In that same year, the resort adopted its current name over former ''Polynesian Village'' titles. The resort now has a collective 847 rooms and suites, most recently renovated in 2006.

== Design ==
[[Image:Poly Tuvalu-Beach.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A white sand beach off of Disney's Polynesian Resort, with the Tuvalu Longhouse in view.]]Disney's Polynesian Resort is situated on the southern shore of the man-made [[Seven Seas Lagoon]], south of the [[Magic Kingdom]] and adjacent to other Walt Disney World complexes, with the Transportation and Ticket Center to the east and [[Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa]] to the west.<ref name="MP_WDWGuide">{{cite web |url=http://www.mouseplanet.com/dtp/wdwguide/4_Accommodations/PR.htm |title=Walt Disney World Trip Planning Guide, Polynesian Resort |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=MousePlanet |date= }}</ref> The resort is on the [[Walt Disney World Monorail System|Magic Kingdom monorail loop]], providing transportation to the Magic Kingdom and [[Epcot]] (via transfer), and is part of the route for Disney's Magic Kingdom Resorts Water Launch service.<ref name="D_Transportation" /> Other Walt Disney World Resort theme parks and attractions are served by [[Disney Transport]] buses.<ref name="D_Transportation">{{cite web |url=http://disneyworld.disney.go.com/wdw/common/helpFAQ?id=HelpFAQTransportationPage |title=Transportation FAQ |publisher=Walt Disney World Resort |accessdate=2008-05-28 |date= }}</ref>

[[Image:Waterfall at the Polynesian.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Great Ceremonial House features a large "tropical rainforest" in its atrium with waterfalls.]]The resort is organized around a central building named the ''Great Ceremonial House'', itself designed after a Tahitian royal assembly lodge.<ref name="Tiki_Aloha">{{cite web |url=http://tikiman2001.homestead.com/aloha.html |title=Tikiman's Unofficial Polynesian Resort Webpage - Aloha |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Steve Seifert |date= }}</ref> The Great Ceremonial House houses guest services and most of the resort's dining and merchandise locations. The Great Ceremonial House also features a large tropical rain forest in its atrium, with over 75 species of plant life<ref name="theDibb_Poly">{{cite web |url=http://www.thedibb.co.uk/disney-polynesian-resort.php |title=Disney's Polynesian Resort |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=the Dibb |date= }}</ref> and several waterfalls. No rooms are contained in this building, instead several lodges, ''longhouses'', house all guest rooms and are spread out amongst resort property.

As of 2008, Disney's Polynesian Resort is certified green lodging property with the state of Florida.<ref name="Greenlodge">{{cite web |url=http://www.dep.state.fl.us/greenlodging/lodges.htm |title=Green Lodging Program Designated Properties |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Florida Departmental of Environmental Protection |date= }}</ref>

===Original design and construction===
[[Image:POLY Tahiti-beach.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Longhouses, such as the Tahiti Longhouse viewed here from the Seven Seas Lagoon, house all of the resort's rooms.]]
The resort used [[United States Steel]]'s then newly-developed construction process for its original longhouses;<ref name="MP_Hist">{{cite web |url=http://www.mouseplanet.com/articles.php?art=mg040721mg |title=History of the World, Part VI |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=MousePlanet |date= }}</ref> steel frames were erected on-site, and pre-constructed modular rooms were lifted into these frames via crane, similar to [[Disney's Contemporary Resort]].<ref name="MP_Hist" /> This method of building caused problems in both Disney's Polynesian and Contemporary Resorts, with guest complaints of a moldy smell in their rooms. It was found that mold and debris had collected in the spaces between each room. The spaces were filled in, stopping the problem, and Longhouses built as part of the resort's later expansions were built using conventional building techniques.

With newly found construction photos of the Polynesian Resort found, the rooms were done differently than the [http://www.bigfloridacountry.com/freevideos/Contemporary%20Construction%20USS.wmv Contemporary]. The Polynesian Resort, the [[Contemporary Resort]], and the [[Court of Flags Resort]] all had the rooms built off site. The difference was instead of sliding the rooms into a metal frame like the Contemporary, they stacked the rooms and built the frame/concrete around them. [http://www.imagineeringdisney.com/blog/2012/7/22/wdw-construction-polynesian-village-resort.html Actual construction photos showing the stacking system]

===Longhouses===
The resort design and layout consists of 11 two and three story longhouses, spread throughout the property. The resort originally opened with 8 longhouses, Bali Hai, Bora Bora, Fiji, Hawaii, Maui, Samoa, Tahiti and Tonga. In 1978, the Oahu longhouse was added. The Moorea and Pago Pago longhouses were added in 1985.

On October 28, 1999, most of the resort's longhouses were renamed to better reflect the vast scope of the Polynesian islands. Today the longhouses are named for islands on the [[Polynesia|Polynesian isle map]], with chosen longhouse names matching the relative geographic position of their namesake island(s). Ten of the eleven longhouses, excluding Fiji, were renamed: Bali Hai became Tonga; Bora Bora became Niue; Hawaii became Samoa; Maui became Rarotonga; Moorea became Tahiti; Oahu became Tokelau; Pago Pago became Rapa Nui; Samoa became Tuvalu; Tahiti became Aotearoa and Tonga became Hawaii.[[Image:POLY GuestRoom.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A standard guest room with two queen beds, after the resort's 2006 renovation.]]

Two of the current longhouses, Hawaii (formerly Tonga) and Aotearoa (formerly Tahiti), offer a Concierge Lounge - where refreshments, views, and lounge space are offered exclusively to guests of Hawaii or Aotearoa. Hawaii arguably offers some of the best views of Seven Seas Lagoon in Walt Disney World.

===Guest rooms===
All standard guest rooms contain two queen beds, a [[daybed]], a lounge chair and table, a combination dresser and entertainment center with a [[Liquid crystal display television|flat screen television]], a desk with an integrated rolling table and matching chair, two closets, and convenience area between the closets for a small refrigerator and a coffee maker. Bathrooms typically include a single or dual-sink vanity, western toilet, and a bathtub. As of 2012 most guest rooms offer free wireless Internet access.

The resort's guest rooms make use of [[earth tone]]s such as brown, green, and red; and are influenced by a modern interpretation of the resort's original South Seas theme. The resort has some of the largest standard rooms on Walt Disney World Resort property ({{convert|415|sqft|m2}} for rooms in original longhouses, {{convert|476|sqft|m2}} for rooms in newer longhouses<ref name="WDW_MQ">{{cite web |url=http://disneyworldforum.disney.go.com/questions.aspx?sort=&page=&qid=1147&pid=45&cid=70 |title=Moms Panel - Which of the deluxe hotels would you suggest for a family of 5? (largest rooms) |accessdate=2008-05-29 |publisher=Walt Disney World Resort |date=2008-01-12 }}</ref>), matched only by Disney's Contemporary Resort and [[Shades of Green (resort)|Shades of Green]]. All first floor rooms have patios, and all third floor rooms have balconies. Most second floor rooms have no balconies with the exception of Tahiti, Rapa Nui, Tokelau, and Tonga which do.

== Dining ==

Disney's Polynesian Resort has two full service restaurants, one dinner show and one quick service restaurant.

===Full service dining and dinner shows===

* ''' 'Ohana''' - 'Ohana is a large [[Types of restaurants#Family style|family-style]] restaurant located on the second floor of the Great Ceremonial House, which serves breakfast and dinner. For breakfast, the location operates as '' 'Ohana's Best Friends Breakfast with Lilo and Stitch'', a meal service with Disney characters [[Mickey Mouse]], [[Pluto (Disney)|Pluto]], [[Lilo Pelekai|Lilo]] and [[Stitch (Lilo & Stitch)|Stitch]] visiting tables while food is served family-style in calabash platters. During dinner, the location serves its '' 'Ohana Feast'', a family style meal featuring several varieties of grilled skewered meats cooked on an oak-burning fire pit along with family-friendly live entertainment. If you're lucky, you'll have a front row seat to the Wishes fireworks show while enjoying this Hawaiian feast.<ref name="WDW_Ohana">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdwnews.com/viewpressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=99827&siteid=1 |title=Insider Information on Disney Dining |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Walt Disney World Resort News |date= }}</ref>

* '''Kona Cafe''' - Kona Cafe is a mid-sized à la carte restaurant located on the second floor of the Great Ceremonial House, which serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner with Asian influences.<ref name="WDW_Kona">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdwnews.com/viewpressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=99896&siteid=1 |title=Asian-Insipired Cuisine at Kona Cafe |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Walt Disney World Resort News |date= }}</ref> Kona Cafe is noted{{Where|date=July 2011}} for its signature breakfast dish Tonga Toast, consisting of [[French toast]] stuffed with deep-fried bananas and covered with sugar and cinnamon, created by the resort's cultural advisor, ''Auntie Kaui''.{{citation needed|date=February 2009}} Kona Cafe also serves 100% [[Kona coffee]], prepared in a [[French press]]. Lunch offers many selections like: Asian noodle bowls and teryaki beef salad.An additional kiosk bar is located adjacent to the restaurant, which serves coffee and pastries during the morning hours and sushi during the evening hours.

* '''Disney's Spirit of Aloha Dinner Show''' - A musical dinner show named the ''Spirit of Aloha Dinner Show'' is performed Tuesday through Saturday nights at 5:15 and 8:00pm at Luau Cove, an outdoor pavilion on the western edge of the resort's property. The location cuisine and entertainment is inspired by a traditional Polynesian-[[revue]], including family style food and several authentic dances and performances intertwined with a back-story.<ref name="WDW_Luau">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdwnews.com/viewpressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=99851&siteid=1 |title=Themed Dinner Shows Delight Guests Nightly at Walt Disney World Resorts |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Walt Disney World Resort News |date=2007-04-20 }}</ref>

===Quick service dining, lounges, and bars===

* '''Captain Cook's Snack Company''' - Captain Cook's Snack Company, commonly referred to as ''Captain Cook's'',{{citation needed|date=February 2009}} is a [[quick service restaurant|quick service]] restaurant on the first floor of the Great Ceremonial House. Open 24 hours a day, the location features food with an island-style flair. Captain Cook's menu was recently expanded to additionally offer Tonga Toast and [[Dole Whip]]s, two exclusive items from other Walt Disney World Resort food and beverage locations.

* '''Tambu Lounge''' - Tambu Lounge is a bar with an attached lounge area, adjacent to 'Ohana on the second floor of the Great Ceremonial House, operating in the evening hours. In addition to a full menu of beverage offerings and appetizers, several resort specialties are available from Tambu Lounge, including the Lapu Lapu, an [[alcoholic]] mixed beverage served in a hollowed-out [[pineapple]].<ref name="OS_Bar">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/features_orlando/2007/09/beware-the-poly.html#more |title=Beware of the Polynesian pineapple! |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Orlando Sentinel |date= }}</ref> Until 2009, Tambu Lounge offered live, Hawaiian style [[lounge music]].<ref>Phone conversation with Tambu Lounge bartender 2010-11-17</ref>

* '''Barefoot Pool Bar''' - Barefoot Pool Bar is a poolside bar offering a full selection of beverages from the early-afternoon to mid/late-evening hours. A limited amount of pre-packaged food items are available at this location.

==Shopping==

The resort offers several shopping areas focused on Disney parks merchandise, resort-specific specialty merchandise, convenience items, and an art gallery focused on marine-life.

* '''BouTiki''' - BouTiki is the resort's largest gift shop, located on the first floor of the Great Ceremonial House. It features resort logo items, novelties with a tropical-theme, surf style clothing from [[Quiksilver]] and [[Roxy (clothing)|Roxy]], and clothing by [[Tommy Bahama]].<ref name="TT_Boutiki">{{cite web |url=http://tikitalk.astropad.com/archives/boutiki-shop-at-disneys-polynesian-resort/ |title=Boutiki shop at Disney's Polynesian Resort |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Tiki Talk |date= }}</ref>

* '''Trader Jack's and Samoa Snacks''' - Trader Jack's and Samoa Snacks are adjacent locations on the second floor of the Great Ceremonial House. Trader Jack's features Disney theme park related merchandise. Trader Jack's also operates a [[Disney Pin Trading]] cart next its location. Samoa Snacks is the resort's convenience store, offering small snacks, refrigerated beverages and other miscellaneous [[Toiletries|sundries]].

* '''Disney's PhotoPass Desk''' - Disney Photo Imaging operates a [[Disney's Photopass|PhotoPass]] desk at the resort to provide information and process prints for their photo services offered in Disney theme parks. The PhotoPass Desk also books and coordinates on-location photo sessions around Disney's Polynesian Resort. The desk is located on the second floor of the Great Ceremonial House, adjacent to Trader Jack's and the entrance to the resort's monorail station.

* '''Wyland Gallery''' - Wyland Gallery showcases a collection of artwork by marine-life artist [[Robert Wyland]] and associates. Originals, prints, jewelry and sculpture are available for sale from the gallery, located on the first floor of the Great Ceremonial House.<ref name="WG_Wyland">{{cite web |url=http://www.wylanddistributor.com/locationdetail.cfm?id=45 |title=Wyland Galleries Florida - Polynesian |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Wyland Distributor Galleries |date= }}</ref>

==Recreation==
[[Image:POLY NaneaPool.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Nanea Volcano Pool is the resort's main themed pool, featuring zero-entry and a water slide.]][[Image:Polynesian Resort Logo Clr.png|200px|thumb|right|A former logo of Disney's Polynesian Resort.]]
Disney's Polynesian Resort features two swimming pools, a marina, an arcade, a supervised children's activity center, and a shared spa and health club.

* '''Nanea Volcano Pool and the East Pool''' - The resort's ''Nanea Volcano Theme Pool'' was constructed in 2001 replacing the resort's original pool. The theme pool features a large, volcano-type structure with waterfalls and a [[water slide]] that feeds into the main pool. The theme pool offers a [[Zero-entry swimming pool|zero-entry]] sloping entrance, as opposed to traditional stairs or step ladder. The resort's ''East Pool'' is a "quiet" pool for the resort, offering deeper depths and a freeform design somewhat more appropriate for swimming laps.

* '''Mikala Canoe Club Marina''' - The resort's lakeside Mikala Canoe Club Marina, or just ''marina'', offers a variety of watercraft available for rent and offers private cruises and excursions on the Seven Seas Lagoon. The marina also offers surrey bike rentals for use around the resort.

* '''The Neverland Club''' - The Neverland Club is a supervised children's activity center offering activities for children, including themed entertainment, crafts and meals. It is open from 4:00 p.m. until midnight, and accepts toilet-trained children ages 4–12. It draws inspiration from the Disney movie ''Peter Pan,'' including a fiberglass recreation of the nursery in the foyer.<ref name="ICT_Never Land">{{cite web |url=http://www.intercot.com/infocentral/children/childcare.asp |title=Childcare at Walt Disney World |accessdate=2008-05-28 |publisher=Intercot |date= }}</ref> It is located to the direct east of the Great Ceremonial House.

* '''Moana Mickey's Fun Hut Arcade''' - The resort has an arcade with a collection of [[video games]] and physical skill games.

* '''White Sand Beaches of the Seven Seas Lagoon''' - There is a large expanse of beach fronting the Seven Seas Lagoon, with lounge chairs, hammocks, and cabanas placed throughout the area. For a short period following the resort's opening, swimming was permitted in the Seven Seas Lagoon, with wave machines and other features built to increase the authenticity of the location. Due to land [[erosion]] concerns, the wave machines were not used beyond their initial testing period.<ref name="WYW_Poly" /> With other operational considerations in mind, swimming/wading is not currently permitted in the Seven Seas Lagoon.

* ''' ''Grand Floridian Resort Spa & Health Club'' ''' - Located between Disney's Polynesian and Grand Floridan Resorts, the two share a comprehensive [[spa]] and [[health club]] facility that allows guests from both resorts to use the various equipment and services offered.

==Famous guests==
[[John Lennon]] signed the paperwork that officially broke up the Beatles at the Polynesian Resort on December 29, 1974.<ref>{{cite web|title=1970s- TikimanPages - The unofficial Polynesian Resort Pages|url=http://www.tikimanpages.com/tiki/polynesian-history/seventies|accessdate=27 January 2012|author=Turkmandu}}</ref>
<blockquote>
{{quote|text=John, [[Julian Lennon|Julian]], and I (May Pang) left New York the following day to spend Christmas in Florida. On December 29, 1974, the voluminous documents were brought down to John in Florida by one of Apple's lawyers. He finally picked up his pen and, in the unlikely backdrop of the Polynesian Village Hotel at Disney World, ended the greatest rock 'n' roll band in history by simply scrawling John Lennon at the bottom of the page.|sign=[[May Pang]]|source=Instamatic Karma (St. Martins, 2008)}}

</blockquote>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://disneyworld.disney.go.com/wdw/resorts/resortLanding?id=PolynesianResortLandingPage Official site]
* [http://www.tikimanpages.com/tiki/ Unofficial Polynesian Resort Webpage]

{{WDW Resorts}}

[[Category:Hotels in Walt Disney World Resort|Polynesian Resort]]
[[Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1971]]
[[Category:Hotels established in 1971]]

Imgur

2012-06-21T00:22:56Z

Ponydepression: /* Popularity */

{{unreliable sources|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox Website
| name = Imgur LLC
| logo = [[File:Imgur logo.svg]]
| screenshot =[[File:Imgur screenshot.png|300px]]
| caption =
| url = [http://imgur.com/ imgur.com]
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[image hosting service|Image Hosting Service]]
| registration = Optional
| owner = Imgur LLC
| author = Alan Schaaf
| language = English
| launch date = February 2009
| current status = Active
| revenue =
| alexa = {{DecreasePositive}} 67 ({{as of|2012|6|2|alt=June 2012}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/imgur.com |title= Imgur.com Site Info | publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 2012-06-02 }}</ref>
}}

'''Imgur''' (pronounced ''imager''<ref name="faq">[https://imgur.com/faq imgur FAQ]</ref> and stylized ''imgur'') is an online [[image hosting service|image hosting]] service founded by Alan Schaaf. It offers free image hosting to millions of users<ref name="domainshane">[http://domainshane.com/meet-alan-schaaf-creater-designer-coder-of-one-of-the-fastest-growing-sites-on-the-net-imgur-com/ Interview with Alan Schaaf by DomainShane.com]</ref> a day, serving over ninety terabytes of images daily.<ref>[http://imgur.com/stats/day Imgur Statistics]</ref> No registration or membership is required. The company is based in [[San Francisco]].

The service was created as a response to the usability problems encountered in similar services,<ref>[http://www.reddit.com/r/reddit.com/comments/7zlyd/my_gift_to_reddit_i_created_an_image_hosting/ reddit.com: My Gift to Reddit: I created an image hosting service that doesn't suck. What do you think?]</ref> which the creator describes as "bloated, confusing and annoying".<ref>Examiner.com: Imgur interviewed by Technology News Examiner</ref>

The website became a sensation following its rise to popularity on [[social news]] websites such as [[Reddit]] and [[Digg]].<ref>[http://www.mediaite.com/online/imgur-accounts-alan-schaaf-interview/ Alan Schaaf interview by Mediaite]</ref> On January 10, 2010, Schaaf announced the creation of Imgur accounts, which allow users to create custom image galleries and manage their images.<ref>[http://www.reddit.com/r/reddit.com/comments/ank6i/reddit_ive_been_promising_this_to_you_for_months/ reddit.com - Announcing Imgur accounts]</ref> Users can also sign in with [[Twitter]], [[Google]], [[Facebook]], and [[Yahoo]] accounts.

==Popularity==

The site has a [http://imgur.com/stats/ statistics page] where users can monitor the site's popularity, how many images are uploaded, how many hits images get, and how much bandwidth is being used. Imgur has largely overtaken traditional hosts, such as [[Tinypic]], on social networking sites like [[reddit]] and [[Digg]].<ref name="domainshane" />

{|style="float: left;" border="0" class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Traffic statistics (taken on 9 May 2012)
|-
! # !! Per day !! Per week !! Per month
|-
| Images uploaded || 529,540 || 3,778,670 || 15,344,279
|-
| Image views || 841,539,193 || 6,286,951,237 || 28,984,807,537
|-
| Bandwidth used || 96.79 TB || 686.43 TB || 3.05 PB
|}
 

==Features==
Images on the site are not retained indefinitely. If an image is not accessed at least once during a six month period, it will be deleted.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Imgur|url=http://imgur.com/faq#long|accessdate=3 January 2012}}</ref> Some gallery pages have [[JavaScript]] code embedded within them to make it difficult to simply copy and paste the descriptive text.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://imgur.com/ Imgur home page]
*[http://imgur.com/forum/ Imgur official forum]
*[http://api.imgur.com/ Imgur API]

[[Category:Image hosting]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2009]]

[[fr:Imgur]]
[[it:Imgur]]

Harmon Killebrew

2011-10-26T06:08:02Z

Ponydepression:

[[Datei:Harmon Killebrew.jpg|miniatur|hochkant|Harmon Killebrew (2007)]]

'''Harmon Clayton Killebrew''' (* [[29. Juni]] [[1936]] in [[Payette (Idaho)|Payette]], [[Idaho]]; † [[17. Mai]] [[2011]] in [[Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]]), Spitzname „'''Killer'''“ und „'''Hammerin’ Harmon'''“, war ein [[Vereinigte Staaten|US-amerikanischer]] [[Baseball]]spieler.

== Karriere ==
Als erster Baseman spielte er in seiner 22-jährigen Profikarriere für die [[Washington Senators]], [[Minnesota Twins]] und [[Kansas City Royals]]. In dieser Zeit erzielte er 573 [[Home Run]]s.

Killebrew war einer der besten [[Batter|Hitter]] der 1960er Jahre, in acht Jahren in Folge schlug er mindestens 40 Home Runs pro Saison. Mit den Minnesota Twins erreichte er 1965 die [[World Series]], die sie jedoch gegen die [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] verloren. 1969 wurde er als [[MLB Most Valuable Player Award|Most Valuable Player]] der [[American League]] ausgezeichnet. Sechsmal hatte er am Saisonende ligaweit die meisten Home Runs zu verzeichnen, dreimal die meisten [[Run Batted In]]. Killebrew wurde elfmal ins All-Star-Team gewählt. 1984 wurde er in die [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] aufgenommen.

== Stationen als Spieler ==
* 1954–1960: [[Washington Senators]]
* 1961–1974: [[Minnesota Twins]]
* 1975: [[Kansas City Royals]]

== Weblinks ==
* {{Baseballstats |br=k/killeha01 |fangraphs=1006905 |cube=harmon-killebrew}}
* [http://baseballhall.org/hof/killebrew-harmon Harmon Killebrew in der Baseball Hall of Fame]

{{SORTIERUNG:Killebrew, Harmon}}
[[Kategorie:Baseballspieler (Vereinigte Staaten)]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1936]]
[[Kategorie:Gestorben 2011]]
[[Kategorie:Mann]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=Killebrew, Harmon
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=Killebrew, Harmon Clayton
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=US-amerikanischer Baseballspieler
|GEBURTSDATUM=29. Juni 1936
|GEBURTSORT=[[Payette (Idaho)|Payette]], Idaho
|STERBEDATUM=17. Mai 2011
|STERBEORT=[[Scottsdale]], Arizona
}}

{{Link FA|en}}
{{Link GA|en}}

[[en:Harmon Killebrew]]
[[es:Harmon Killebrew]]
[[fi:Harmon Killebrew]]
[[fr:Harmon Killebrew]]
[[ja:ハーモン・キルブルー]]
[[lv:Hermons Kilebrū]]

Jackie Lomax

2011-05-02T16:04:20Z

Ponydepression:

{{Inappropriate tone|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| Name =Jackie Lomax
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Img_size =
| Landscape =
| Background =solo_singer
| Birth_name =John Richard Lomax
| Alias =
| Born ={{Birth date and age|1944|5|10|df=y}} [[Wallasey]], [[Cheshire]], [[England]]
| Died =
| Origin =
| Instrument =
| Voice_type =
| Genre =[[Rock music|Rock]]
| Occupation =
| Years_active =1968–present
| Label =[[Apple Records|Apple]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
| Associated_acts =
| URL =[http://www.jackielomax.com/ jackielomax.com]
| Notable_instruments =
}}
'''John Richard 'Jackie' Lomax''' (b. 10 May 1944, [[Wallasey]], [[Cheshire]], [[England]]) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[guitarist]] and singer/songwriter best known for his association with [[George Harrison]] and [[Eric Clapton]]. He currently lives in [[Ojai, California]] with his wife, Annie (previously Norma Richardson),<ref>[http://www.taschen.com/pages/en/catalogue/sex/reading_room/106..1.htm Taschen Books]</ref> mother of fashion photographer [[Terry Richardson]].<ref>[http://www.terrysdiary.com/post/653761648/my-mom-and-step-dad-jackie-in-their-living-room Terry Richardson's Diary]</ref>

==History 1962–1970==
In early 1962, Jackie Lomax left Dee and the Dynamites to join [[Beat music|Merseybeat]] band [[The Undertakers]]. They followed the same route as [[The Beatles]] through local venues before setting out for [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]] and finally securing a record deal. From that point onwards, they were dogged by ill-luck and lack of success. They signed with [[Pye Records]] and released four singles which only managed to place one week on the British charts between them. In 1965 they moved to America to try their luck there.

After two years in America with The Undertakers and a couple of other groups, Jackie Lomax's latest band, The Lomax Alliance, were taken back to Britain in 1967 by [[Brian Epstein]] to showcase them at the [[Saville Theatre]] in [[London]]. He arranged for a single and an album to be recorded and they signed to [[Columbia Records|CBS]]. Epstein's untimely death ruined the plans for the band. During that period [[CBS Records|CBS]] released two Lomax Alliance singles and one solo Jackie Lomax single. More than enough tracks for an album were recorded but it was never released.

After Brian Epstein's death, the Beatles' new record label [[Apple Records|Apple]] took over responsibility for Jackie's recording career, with George Harrison becoming heavily involved on the production side. Despite having 75% of the Beatles on the record as well as [[Eric Clapton]], [[Billy Preston]], [[Leon Russell]] and [[Nicky Hopkins]], success remained elusive. The shambles which was Apple, after the break-up of the Beatles, made matters even worse. During that period Apple released three singles—including the song "[[Sour Milk Sea]]", written by George Harrison—and the ''Is This What You Want?'' LP. By 1970, the break-up of the Beatles had badly affected Apple Records and [[Allen Klein]] was called in. Apple artists found themselves under contract to a label who had no interest in them.

==History 1970–1977==
After leaving Apple, Jackie Lomax joined a band called [[Heavy Jelly]] featuring bassist Alex Dmochowski, guitarist John Moorshead and [[Carlo Little]] (drums), who released a single on Head Records ("Chewn In"/"Time Out", Head HDS4001, 1969). During that period a Heavy Jelly LP, made up entirely of Jackie Lomax songs, was recorded but issued for promotional purposes only. It was never commercially released.

In 1971 Jackie Lomax returned to America to live and work in [[Woodstock (town), New York|Woodstock, New York]]. He signed to [[Warner Bros. Records]] and reunited with members of the Lomax Alliance and The Undertakers. They returned to the [[recording studio]] but his efforts continued to fall on deaf ears. During this Warner period two Jackie Lomax albums were: ''Home Is In My Head'' and ''[[Three]]''.

Disappointed with his lack of success in America, Jackie Lomax returned to Britain at the end of 1973, where he joined [[Badger (band)|Badger]], a [[progressive rock]] band originally formed by ex-[[Yes (band)|Yes]] keyboard player [[Tony Kaye (musician)|Tony Kaye.]] He proceeded to turn them into the type of [[R&B]]/[[soul (music)|soul]] band he had used on his solo albums. The band became a vehicle for Jackie's songs and singing but was short-lived. During the period in which Jackie Lomax was a member of Badger, they released only one LP, ''White Lady'', on [[Epic Records]], which was produced by [[Allen Toussaint]].

Jackie Lomax crossed the [[Atlantic]] again to resume his solo career and [[Capitol Records]] signed him in 1975. He continued playing the R&B/soul which he had perfected during his recording career but which the public stubbornly refused to embrace. Unfortunately he has been without a recording contract since he left them in 1977. During his time at Capitol, he recorded two albums, ''Livin' for Lovin''' and ''Did You Ever Have That Feeling?'', the second of which was released only in the USA.

==Living in America 1978–2000==
The 1980s were a very quiet time in the musical career of Jackie Lomax. The mid 1980's saw Jackie playing guitar and singing background vocals on demos for various artists produced by longtime friend Patrick Landreville. During this time Jackie briefly played with the short lived "Tea Bags" a group based in Los Angeles composed at various times of Brit musicians [[Ian Wallace]], [[Kim Gardner]], [[Mick Taylor]], [[Brian Auger]], [[Terry Reid]], [[Peter Banks]], [[Graham Bell (singer)|Graham Bell]], [[David Mansfield]] and others. The 1990s saw an increase in activity for Jackie. He spent periods playing with other British artists on the west coast of America and toured as the bass-player with some of the acts that were big when he first chose to play music - [[The Drifters]], [[The Diamonds]], [[The Coasters]]. In [[California]], and [[Ventura County]] in particular, Jackie played live with a succession of line-ups, including [[Tom Petty]] drummer Randall Marsh, Jim Calire, Patrick Landreville, Mitch Kashmar and many other well respected musicians, as he returned to playing guitar, with a heavier emphasis on the [[blues]] side of R&B.

In 1990 he was seen in very good company on a compilation album which featured unique singers covering a wide range of songs, and he appeared on albums for other artists, both as a singer and as a guitarist. Recordings, however, were few and far between.

==2001–present==
In 2001 Jackie Lomax completed the recording of his first solo album since 1977, ''The Ballad of Liverpool Slim''. 2002 saw him continuing to play on the West Coast of America. In autumn of 2003, he made a triumphant return to [[The Cavern]] in [[Liverpool]] where it all began more than 40 years earlier. He can often be seen helping out at 'The Hub' bar in E. Ojai Avenue.
In 2004 Jackie was a special guest for 3 hours on the 'BeatlesandBeyond' Radio Show in Walsall hosted by Pete Dicks. Pete later wrote the sleeve notes for, and organised, the UK release of Jackie's 'Ballad of Liverpool Slim...and Others' CD. Jackie has since returned to Liverpool on several occasions, playing in the 'Liverpool' pub in James St/ on August Bank Holiday Mondays

==Recordings==
* The Undertakers Unearthed 1963-65
* The Lomax Alliance and CBS Recordings 1966-1967
* Is This What You Want? 1968 #145 US
* Heavy Jelly 1970
* Home Is In My Head 1971 #211 US
* Three 1972 #208 US
* White Lady /Badger 1974
* Livin' For Lovin' 1976
* Did You Ever Have That Feeling? 1977
* True Voices (Various Artists) 1991
* The Ballad of Liverpool Slim 2001 & 2004
* The Ballad of Liverpool Slim...and Others (Angel Air Records)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.jackielomax.com/ Official site]
*[http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/music/artist/bio/0,,459897,00.html#bio Jackie Lomax at artistdirect.com]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Lomax, Jackie
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 10 May 1944
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lomax, Jackie}}
[[Category:Apple Records artists]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Wallasey]]
[[Category:English male singers]]
[[Category:English songwriters]]

[[it:Jackie Lomax]]
[[no:Jackie Lomax]]

Beaufort (Sabah)

2011-03-13T03:05:55Z

Ponydepression:

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Beaufort
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_shield =
| image_map =
| coordinates_region = MY
|latd = 5
|latm = 20
|lats = 0
|latNS = N
|longd = 115
|longm = 45
|longs = 0
|longEW = E| pushpin_map = Borneo Topography
| pushpin_label_position = right
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Malaysia}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Sabah}}
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| population_as_of = 2000
| population_total = 61,698
| elevation_m =
}}

[[File:Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia.JPG|thumb|left|Beaufort town centre.]] '''Beaufort''' meaning "The Beautiful Fort"<ref>[http://www.weddingvendors.com/baby-names/meaning/beaufort/ Meaning of Beaufort]</ref> in old French, it is a town and a district located in [[Interior Division]] of [[Sabah]] in east [[Malaysia]] on the island of [[Borneo]]. Its population was estimated to be around 61,698 in 2000. It is a quiet provincial town about 90 kilometres south of [[Kota Kinabalu]], with shophouses built high above the roads to avoid the periodic floods of the [[Padas River]] (''Sungai Padas''). The population of Beaufort is composed mainly of Malays, Kadazans and Chinese (mainly [[Hakka people|Hakka]]s). Like [[Papar, Malaysia]], Beaufort was one of the major initial Hakka population centers in Sabah and boasts a large Hakka minority to this day.

Originally set up to help economic development of the interior of Sabah, Beaufort's early prosperity was closely linked to rubber cultivation. During World War II, it was the site of one of the most important skirmishes of the war between the Japanese and Australians. Its current prosperity depends on the booming palm oil industry.

Beaufort is a stop on the [[North Borneo Railway]] operated by [[Sutera Harbour Resort]]. The railway station in Beaufort dates from 1905. The normal daily service is operated by the [[Sabah State Railway|Sabah State Railway Department]] (''Jabatan Keretapi Negeri Sabah'').

Medical services are provided by the 140 bedded government hospital which has primary care and basic secondary care services. There are three private practitioners within the town area.

Beaufort is usually visited by tourists for [[white-water rafting]] through the nearby Padas Gorge on the Padas River which is rated as a Grade 2 to 4 river.

The open-air market, locally known as ''tamu'' is held weekly on every Friday evening until Saturday afternoon. Local produce such as fresh fruits, vegetable, fresh meat and live poultry are sold. The days of this weekly community occasion differ from district to district. Beaufort is also known in Sabah for its Chinese dish called Beaufort Mee, a noodle dish served either dry or with soup. It is also famous for its Beaufort oranges, which are featured as 3 large sculptures in the centre of the town.

====Sister cities====
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Beaufort, North Carolina]].<ref>[http://www.beaufortsistercities.org/sister.htm Beaufort, North Carolina Sister Cities]</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{ms li}} [http://www.sabah.gov.my/pd.bft/index.html Beaufort District Office]
{{Sabah}}

{{coord|5|20|N|115|45|E|region:MY_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Populated places in Sabah]]
[[Category:Tourism in Sabah]]

{{Sabah-geo-stub}}

[[ms:Beaufort, Sabah]]
[[nl:Beaufort (Sabah)]]

Mars (Band)

2010-11-15T00:38:28Z

Ponydepression: /* Discography */

{{Infobox musical artist
| Name = Mars
| Img =
| Img_capt = L-R: Sumner Crane, China Burg (misspelled "Berg" in photo), Mark Cunningham, Nancy Arlen
| Img_size =
| Background = group_or_band
| Alias =
| Origin = [[New York City]], [[New York]], [[USA]]
| Genre = [[No wave]] [[Experimental rock]] [[Post punk]] [[Noise rock]]
| Years_active = 1975–1978
| Label = Rebel/[[ZE Records|ZE]] Widowspeak [[Atavistic Records|Atavistic]] (reissues) G3G (reissues)
| Associated_acts =
| URL =
| Current_members = [[Sumner Crane]] [[Mark Cunningham]] [[China Burg]] [[Nancy Arlen]]
| Past_members = [[Rudolph Grey]]
}}

'''Mars''' was a [[New York City]] [[No Wave]] band formed by [[singer|vocalist]] Sumner Crane in 1975.<ref name="fakejazz">[http://www.fakejazz.com/interviews/mars.shtml 2004 article about Mars & interview with M. Cunningham]</ref> He was joined by [[China Burg]] (née Constance Burg; a.k.a Lucy Hamilton) (guitar, vocals), Mark Cunningham (bass), and artist Nancy Arlen (drums), and briefly by guitarist [[Rudolph Grey]].<ref>Marc Masters, (2007) [[No Wave]] London, Black Dog Publishing, pp. 42-46</ref> The band played one live gig under the name China before changing it to Mars. They played a mixture of angular compositions and freeform [[Ambient music|ambient]] [[noise music]] jams, featuring [[surrealist]] lyrics and non-standard drumming. All the members were said to be completely untrained in music before forming the band.

Mars played live about two dozen times, all in [[Manhattan]]. Their first show was at [[CBGB's]] in January 1977; their last one was at [[Max's Kansas City]] on December 10, 1978. Their recorded debut was the "3-E"/ "11,000 Volts" 7-inch single, released by Rebel Records/ [[ZE Records]]. The group then released a single live EP in 1979 or 1980, though they had broken up in 1978. Both recordings were compiled by [[Lydia Lunch]]'s self-run label, Widowspeak Records, in 1986, as ''78''; the songs were slightly remixed and tweaked by [[Jim Thirlwell]] (a.k.a. Foetus). It was reissued by [[Atavistic Records]] on CD in 1996 as ''78+''.

In 1978, Mars appeared on the influential ''[[No New York]]'' compilation LP produced by [[Brian Eno]], along with [[DNA (band)|DNA]], [[Teenage Jesus and the Jerks]], and [[James Chance and the Contortions]], which helped to bring the nascent [[No Wave]] genre into the foreground.<ref>Marc Masters, (2007) [[No Wave]] London, Black Dog Publishing, pp. 13-14</ref>

Due to complaints about Thirlwell's modifications on ''78''/''78+'', the full studio recordings of Mars (totaling about 30 minutes) surfaced in 2003 on the Spanish labels G3G and Spookysound.<ref name="fakejazz"/> Cunningham ran both Hyrax Records and Spookysound Records. (To clarify: ''78'', ''78+'', and ''Mars LP: The Complete Studio Recordings, NYC 1977-1978'' all feature essentially the same half-hour batch of music, but with very slight auditory differences.) After the break-up of Mars, Cunningham was part of the bizarre ''[[John Gavanti]]'' "no wave opera" project with Crane, [[Arto Lindsay]], and others. He has also worked with the band Don King, and with his current outfit, Convolution.

Crane died of [[lymphoma]] on April 15, 2003. Arlen died on September 17, 2006, following heart surgery.

== Discography ==
*"3-E" (b/w "11,000 Volts") - 7", 1978 (Rebel Records, RB 7802) (later released as a 12" on ZE)
*''No New York'' - LP, 1978 (Antilles/ Island) (recently reissued on CD) (split compilation with three other bands)
*''Mars'' - 12" EP (live), 1979 or 1980 (Lust/Unlust/Infidelity)
*''John Gavanti'' - LP, 1980 (Hyrax) (CD reissue on Atavistic) (featured Crane, Cunningham, Berg)
*''78'' - LP, 1986 (Widowspeak)
*''Live Mars 77-78'' - CD, 1995 (DSA) (France)
*''78+'' - CD, 1996 (Atavistic)
*''Mars LP: The Complete Studio Recordings, NYC 1977-1978'' - CD, 2003 (G3G/Spookysound) (Spain; limited edition) (later released on LP by Important) (reissued by No More in 2008)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.fakejazz.com/interviews/mars.shtml 2004 interview with Cunningham]
*[http://www.convolution7.ws/mark/bands/mars.htm Interview with live gig recollections]
*[http://www.convolution7.ws/mark/imagenes/marsposter.jpg Mars/ DNA gig flyer (1977 or '78)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mars}}
[[Category:No Wave musical groups]]
[[Category:American experimental musical groups]]
[[Category:1970s music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1975]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1978]]

[[fr:Mars (groupe)]]
[[gl:Mars]]
[[it:Mars (gruppo musicale)]]
[[pt:Mars (banda)]]

Rogan Josh

2010-03-28T19:45:44Z

Ponydepression: /* Ingredients and Cultural Influence */

{{for|the comic book|Rogan Gosh (comics)}}
[[File:Rogan josh02.jpg|thumb|right|255px|Rogan josh]]
'''Rogan josh''' is an [[spice|aromatic]] [[curry]] dish hailing from [[Kashmir]] and is quite popular in [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Singapore]] and [[United Kingdom]]. Rogan (روغن) means [[oil]] in [[Persian language|Persian]], while josh (جوش) means heat, hot, boiling, or passionate. Rogan josh thus means cooked in oil at intense heat.

Rogan josh was brought to India<ref>Collingham, Lizzie. ''Curry: A Tale of Cooks & Conquerors.'' Oxford University Press, 2007.</ref> by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]s. The unrelenting heat of the Indian plains took the Mughals frequently to [[Kashmir]], which is where the first Indian adoption of Rogan josh occurred.

==Ingredients and cultural influence==
Recipes vary widely across different regions and traditions, even within the region of Kashmir itself, but all include [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]] or [[chicken]], oil or [[ghee]] (clarified butter), and a mixture of [[spices]]. These may include [[paprika]] for its red color, [[aniseed]], [[clove]]s, [[cumin]], [[cinnamon]], and many others. Many modern variations have [[ginger]], [[garlic]], and [[yogurt]], and some also use [[tomatoes]]. Though the original versions use [[saffron]] instead of [[yogurt]] to make the sauce richer.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.route79.com/food/rogan-josh.htm Rogan Josh (Lamb Curry)]
*[http://www.angithi.com/RecipySite/RecipeDetail.asp?RecipeID=12 Kashmiri Rogan Josh]

[[Category:Kashmiri cuisine]]
[[Category:Pakistani cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Curry]]
[[Category:Culture of Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{Indian Dishes}}

{{india-food-stub}}

[[es:Rogan josh]]
[[ml:രോഗൻ ജോഷ്]]
[[pl:Rogan josh]]