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Disney Digital 3-D

2007-12-08T19:45:39Z

Piroroadkill: no.

'''Disney Digital 3-D''' is a brand used by the [[The Walt Disney Company]] to describe digitally animated [[3-D film|three-dimensional films]] shown exclusively using [[digital projection]]. It is essentially a Disney brand of [[Real D Cinema]] technology.

The first film released using this technology was 2005's ''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]''. For this release, the computer-animated film was re-rendered in 3-D by [[Industrial Light & Magic]] and exhibited in [[Real D Cinema]] format using [[Dolby]] Digital Cinema projection systems.

Disney re-released ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' in a remastered 3-D version on [[October 20]], [[2006]], and was [[re-released]] once more on [[October 19]], [[2007]]. Disney also released a [[3D computer graphics|3D]] version of its computer-animated feature ''[[Meet the Robinsons]]''.

==How it works==
Audiences viewing a film presented by Disney Digital 3D are given a pair of plastic 3D glasses. The glasses have circular [[polarized]] lenses, each polarized differently. Circular polarization allows much greater head movement than linear polarization without loss of 3-D effect or ghost images. This increases audience comfort and helps to mitigate the "3-D headache" caused by many 3-D systems, especially those relying on film projection.

The movie is projected digitally, with a single [[Christie (company)|Christie]], [[Barco]] or [[NEC]] DLP Cinema projector (other digital projection technologies would work as well if fitted with the proper equipment) at 144 frames per second, six times as fast as a normal movie. Every 1/24th of a second (the projection frame rate for normal 2-D movies on film) the two scene views called "right eye" and "left eye" are each shown 3 times (6 flashes of image on the screen matching the 6-times-higher projection rate). Due to [[persistence of vision]], the 72 image frames and 72 black frames fed to each eye in a given second should be perceived as a relatively flicker free image.

In front of the projector lens, an electronic device, the Z-Screen, developed by Lenny Lipton, from Stereographics, inserts a polarizing screen that matches the polarization of either the right lens or left lens of the glasses worn by the audience. When the left-eye-matching Z-Screen is in place, the viewer's right eye sees nothing at all (or almost nothing) while the left eye sees a normal looking frame. For the next frame of the movie, the Z-Screen swaps the polarizing screen to match the right eye lens in the glasses worn by the audience. Now the audience sees nothing (or nearly nothing) with the left eye and a normal but slightly shifted version of the frame in the right eye. The brain knits together the alternating left-right perspectives into a seamless 3-D view of the movie scene.

The single projector setup has a number of advantages over previous 3-D systems:
* It eliminates most "ghost images" caused by the left eye seeing a bit of the right-eye frames and vice versa.
* It eliminates any form of temporal (time) or spatial misalignment of the left-eye and right-eye frames that plagued previous 3-D projection systems relying on movie film. The mechanical jitter of the film in the projector and the poor frame-to-frame match-up generated most of the dull headache 3-D side effect caused by the eye muscle strain — along with the much improved, but still slightly flawed horizontal/vertical polarization system seen for the last 20 years or so in motion simulation amusement rides, IMAX 3-D and in limited other venues (Walt Disney World, Disneyland etc.).

The main trouble with polarized 3-D systems for movies is a loss of screen brightness. As every other frame is "invisible" to one of your eyes, the image would seem only half as bright, if projected onto a normal screen.

However, this loss of brightness is counteracted to some extent by the fact that theaters must use a silver screen for this type of projection. A normal white matte screen dissipates the polarization of the projected light. The separation of the two images would be immediately lost, without the silver screen.

== Confusion ==

Fewer than 100 theaters across the US were equipped to show the movie ''Chicken Little'' in 3D. Many viewers were not even aware of the 3D version because many people assumed "Disney Digital 3D" refers to the 3D modelling of the CG characters, not the 3D stereoscopic presentation of the movie.{{Fact|date=March 2007}} The release of ''Meet the Robinsons'' was equipped for more than 600 theaters..

==Titles==

{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
! Title !! Original year of release || Year of 3-D release !! Notes
|-
|''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]'' || 2005 || 2005 || digitally animated film re-rendered for 3-D
|-
|''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' || 1993 || 2006 / 2007 || [[stop-motion animation|stop-motion animated]] film remastered and converted to 3-D
|-
|''[[Knick Knack]]'' || 1989 || 2006 || Animated [[Pixar]] short film from [[1989]] and it was with The 2006 Version of [[The Nightmare Before Christmas]].
|-
|''[[Meet the Robinsons]]'' || 2007 || 2007 || digitally animated film re-rendered for 3-D
|-
|''[[Working for Peanuts]]'' ||1953 || 2007 || traditionally animated short film from 1953, originally created in 3D; shown with the 3-D projection version of ''Meet the Robinsons''
|-
|''[[Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert (film)|Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert]]'' || 2008 || 2008 || Concert tour directly recorded in 3-D for limited theatrical release<ref>
{{cite press release
| title = Hannah Montana/Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert Tour Headed to Digital 3D Movie Theaters
| publisher = Walt Disney Studios
| date = [[2007]]-[[10-17]]
| url = http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-17-2007/0004684315&EDATE=
| accessdate = 2007-10-18
}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bolt_(2008_film)|Bolt]]'' || 2008 || 2008 || <ref>{{cite web | title = ‘Bolt’ To Be Shown In Disney Digital 3-D | publisher = Netcot.com | date = [[2007]]-[[11-26]] | url= http://www.netcot.com/thesite/2007/11/26/bolt-to-be-shown-in-disney-digital-3-d/ | accessdate = 2007-11-26 }}</ref>
|-
|''Alice in Wonderland'' || || || <ref>{{cite web | title = Disney brings 3-D thunder to "Bolt" | publisher = Reuters | date = [[2007]]-[[11-26]] | url= http://ca.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=entertainmentNews&storyID=2007-11-26T070236Z_01_N26333406_RTRIDST_0_ENTERTAINMENT-BOLT-COL.XML&archived=False | accessdate = 2007-11-26 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Frankenweenie]]'' || || || <ref>{{cite web | title = Disney brings 3-D thunder to "Bolt" | publisher = Reuters | date = [[2007]]-[[11-26]] | url= http://ca.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=entertainmentNews&storyID=2007-11-26T070236Z_01_N26333406_RTRIDST_0_ENTERTAINMENT-BOLT-COL.XML&archived=False | accessdate = 2007-11-26 }}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://news.awn.com/index.php?ltype=top&newsitem_no=15280 "Disney Hatches Chicken Little in Digital 3D"] (''AWN'', [[October 31]], [[2005]]
* [http://www.reald.com/news_chicken_little.asp "Moviegoers Get Ready to Return to the Multiplex for the First Ever REAL D Cinema Experience on Nov. 4"] ([[Real D Cinema]] press release, [[November 2]], [[2005]])
* [http://www.reald.com/cinema_theater.asp Real D Theater Finder]

[[Category:Disney technology]]
[[Category:3D imaging]]
[[Category:Film formats]]

[[sv:Disney Digital 3-D]]

Kanon (Fiktion)

2006-02-02T22:03:52Z

Piroroadkill: "may or may not" = worthless phrase

In the context of fiction, the '''canon''' of a [[fictional universe]] comprises those novels, stories, films, etc. that are considered to be genuine (or "official"), and those events, characters, settings, etc. that are considered to have inarguable existence within the fictional universe. Usually items that are considered canon come from the original source of the fictional universe while '''non-canon''' material comes from adaptations or unofficial items. Generally, [[Expanded Universe]]s are not considered canon, though there are exceptions which are considered '''near-canon'''. By analogy with the idea of a canon of [[Scripture]], things which are not canon are considered [[apocrypha|"apocryphal"]]. See [[Biblical canon]].

[[Fan-fiction]] is never considered canon. Sometimes, however, events or characterizations portrayed in fan-fiction can become so influential that they are respected in fiction written by many different authors, and may be mistaken for canonical facts by fans. This is referred to as "[[fanon (fiction)|fanon]]". The use of fan-fiction to fill gaps or continuity errors in canon is derisively called "fanwanking," or "fanwank". (The terms fanon and fanwank can apply to officially licensed works as well.)

There is no unanimous opinion on whether having a definitive canon in a fictional setting is useful, desirable or even possible. Canonicity of fiction is a distinctly modern idea, since earlier ages, before the current ideas of [[intellectual property]] came about, did not distinguish between "official" and "unofficial" sources of stories.

A great deal of the interest and controversy over canonicity comes from the Star Wars franchise, because of the unique-for-its-time goal of derivative works such as Star Wars books to be completely in continuity with each other and with the Star Wars movies.

==Examples of fictional canons==
===[[Babylon 5]]===
The canon consists of the television series ''[[Babylon 5]]'' and its later TV movies, the TV series ''[[Crusade (TV series)|Crusade]]'', novels published by [[Random House|Dell]] and [[Ballantine Books|Del Rey/Ballantine]], various short stories, and the ''Babylon 5'' comic book published by [[DC Comics]]. This was decided by [[J. Michael Straczynski]], who maintained a tight control on the expanded universe to ensure that nearly '''everything''' was canonical; going so far as to pen elaborate story-outlines hundreds of pages long for the novels' authors based upon his personal historical notes for the B5 universe, and in general seeking to safeguard the spinoff works' reputations for being every bit as legitimate and sophisticated as the television series.

The ''Babylon 5'' novels have a number of major elements that are considered canon by series creator Straczynski. However, the later ones published by Del Rey are generally regarded as being '''more''' canonical than some of the early Dell books, which were published with less storyline oversight by Straczynski than he would later exercise.

The seventh and ninth Dell novels — ''The Shadow Within'' by Jeanne Cavelos and ''To Dream in the City of Sorrows'' by Kathryn M. Drennan — are the only two books from this run which are considered to be canonical in their entirety, whereas all of the Del Rey novels are fully endorsed by the series' creator, along with the DC comic books and short fiction.

===[[Beauty and the Beast (series)|Beauty and the Beast]]===
Most fans of the [[CBS]] television series consider all episodes of the first season, and at least all Season 2 episodes through "The Hollow Men," to be canonical. Opinions diverge at this point, as the writing of the series took a much darker turn, in an attempt to increase the series' [[Nielsen ratings]] beyond its narrow fan niche; and the final three Season 2 episodes, focusing on Vincent's madness, do not appeal to many fans, who focus on the romantic or literary aspects of the characters.

The sharpest divergence of opinion comes when Season 3 is considered. Fan groups divide into two camps, between those who accept or reject the death of [[Beauty and the Beast (series)#Catherine Chandler|Catherine Chandler]] and the introduction of [[Beauty and the Beast (series)#Diana Bennett|Diana Bennett]]. It has been noted by some that those who accept Season 3 as canonical usually refer to the series as ''B&B'', while the opposite side uses ''BATB''. The opinion divided the fan community enough that an audience roundtable discussion on "Healing the Rift in Fandom" was organized at the 1991 ''South of Oz'' fan convention in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Florida]].

===DC Universe===
====DC Universe (comics)====
Most, but not all, [[comic book]]s published by [[DC Comics]] take place in a shared world known as the [[DC Universe]]. The canon of this world comprises all the [[post-Crisis]] comics not stated to be set in an [[alternate universe]], except those specifically contradicted by later stories following ''[[Zero Hour (comics)|Zero Hour]]'' (most notably, ''[[Batman: Year Two]]'', ''[[Batman: Son of the Demon]]'' and the ''[[Action Comics]] Weekly'' strip featuring [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel]]). The events may not have occurred exactly as shown, however, owing to the [[floating timeline]].

Appearances of the DC Comics characters in other media are not considered canon, however, the appearance of a Marvel Comics character, Jigsaw, during a Marvel/DC comics publishing [[Intercompany crossover|crossover]], is apparently considered a piece of canon for the adventures of Jean-Paul Valley, aka [[Azrael]], who at one point took up the role of The [[Batman]]. Jigsaw was an enemy of Frank Castle, a Marvel Comics character called The [[Punisher]].

Some discrepancies in the DC Universe's canon may be accounted for by the concept of [[Hypertime (comics)|Hypertime]]. Others may be addressed in an anticipated continuity revision stemming from the current [[fictional crossover|crossover]] series ''[[Infinite Crisis]]''.

====DC Animated Universe====
Many of the DC [[animated television series]] of the [[1990s]] and [[2000s]] comprise their own canon, distinct from that of the comic books that spawned them (as well as previous animated series based on the same properties). This "[[DC Animated Universe]]" includes ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]''; ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]''; ''[[Batman Beyond]]''; ''[[Static Shock]]''; ''[[Justice League (animated series)]]''; and ''[[Justice League Unlimited]]'', as well as the animated movies ''[[Batman: Mask of the Phantasm]]''; ''[[World's Finest]]''; ''[[Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero]]''; ''[[Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker]]''; and ''[[Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman]]''.

As is typical with all secondary information sources, fans are divided upon whether to consider the various comic books based on the animated series part of the official canon.

The ''[[Teen Titans (animated series)|Teen Titans]]'' animated series, although based on DC comics, is its own continuity with no real ties to the main "DCAU", but there is a reference to it in static shock.

===Doctor Who===
There has never been an "official" statement on what is canonical ''[[Doctor Who]]''. ''Doctor Who'' has never had a single author or authority and it is apparent that the [[BBC]], which owns the series, has generally not cared about the matter. The many creators of ''Doctor Who'' have always treated the concept of continuity loosely. Fans run a spectrum between those who consider only the television series canonical and those who consider all ''Doctor Who'' canonical. Within that spectrum many view the licensed [[novels]] and [[radio drama|audio plays]] as at least near-canonical, and some of those would also include the ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'' comic strips. It is generally assumed that all televised ''Doctor Who'' episodes from 1963 to 1989, the 1981 spin-off ''[[K-9 and Company]]'', the [[Doctor Who (1996)|1996 telemovie]] and the new series, which started in 2005, are canonical, including a 1965 episode in which the [[First Doctor]] breaks the [[fourth wall]] to wish viewers a Merry [[Christmas]] ("The Feast of Steven", episode 7 of ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'').

Generally, the canonical status of all [[Doctor Who spin-offs|Doctor Who spin-off]] media outside of what has been presented on screen (bar obvious spoofs) is debatable, including the [[BBC radio]] dramas and [[webcast]]s based upon the show. The two theatrical films based upon the series in the 1960s, starring [[Peter Cushing]], are not generally considered canonical, nor is the considerable background information contained in the [[role-playing game]] produced by FASA in the [[1980s]].

Many of the short stories in the BBC anthology ''Short Trips and Side Steps'' have settings generally considered non-canonical; for instance, one story features the [[Cushing Doctor]], while another is set between the [[Children in Need]] ''[[EastEnders]]'' crossover ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'' and the Doctor's appearance in the schools' programme ''[[Search Out Science]]''.

The comic strips (''Ground Zero'', DWM #238-242), [[Eighth Doctor Adventures]] (''Sometime Never...'' by [[Justin Richards]]) and the [[Big Finish Productions]] audio plays (''[[Zagreus (Doctor Who audio)|Zagreus]]'') have all attempted to provide an in-continuity explanation for discrepancies by suggesting that their respective continuities take place in separate [[parallel universe]]s.

A new series of novels based upon the current ''Doctor Who'' series is under way. There have been subtle references to a few of the literary storylines in televised episodes, but thus far not enough to allow determination as to whether these books are considered canon.

===Firefly/Serenity===
The canon of ''[[Firefly (television series)|Firefly]]'' and its cinematic follow-up ''[[Serenity (film)|Serenity]]'' is the fourteen episodes of ''Firefly'', the film ''Serenity'', and the three-issue [[Dark Horse Comics]] series, also titled ''[[Serenity (comic)|Serenity]]'', that bridges the television series and the film.

===Harry Potter===
While there is no official statement on what is considered to be [[Harry Potter]] canon, the majority of fans generally accept it to be the works which come straight from [[J. K. Rowling]] herself. These include the six novels and the two "textbooks", ''Quidditch through the Ages'' and ''Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them''. Many fans will also consider any fact about the series that she has stated on her site, [http://www.jkrowling.com], to be canon. Although Rowling is consulted at the writing stage, the Warner Bros. movie adaptations are generally not considered to be canon, and often contain fundamental contradictions with Rowling's works. [[The Harry Potter Lexicon|The HP Lexicon]], a respected Harry Potter encyclopedia on the internet, proposes the following set of canon rules: [http://www.hp-lexicon.org/help/hp-faq.html#canon]

===Highlander===
{{main article|[[Highlander (film)#Series/Film separation]]}}

Many fans of [[Highlander (film)|Highlander]] consider only the first film to be canon (reciting "there can be only one"). Others distinguish the first three films as belonging to one continuity (the "Connor Universe") and the [[Highlander: The Series|television series]] and ''Highlander: Endgame'' as belonging to another (the "Duncan Universe"). The producers of Highlander III stated in an interview that their movie was not a continuation of Highlander II ("Highlander II? What Highlander II?").

===The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy===
There were so many changes by [[Douglas Adams]] himself that the original story remains unknown.
The publications were continuously improved; characters, locations, events introduced, removed, modified. Even the [[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (book)|title's spelling]] may differ among editions. Finally, he declared in a preface to his 5-book "trilogy" to be the canon, but translations of apparently the same edition fail to match the number of chapters. The [[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|movie]] also tells us a significantly modified story.

However, the [[main characters]] ([[Arthur Dent]], [[Ford Prefect]], [[Trillian (character)|Trillian]], [[Zaphod Beeblebrox|Zaphod]] and [[Marvin the Paranoid Android|Marvin]]) are static personalities; as well as other instances like [[Vogons]], [[Towel]], [[42 (number)|42]], the destruction of Earth and, of course, [[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|The Guide]] itself are unchangable.

The author's goal to communicate the canon idea behind the flow of events makes the order or presence of actions superfluous.

===[[James Bond]]===
Fans of [[Ian Fleming]]'s superspy are divided over what is considered official canon. There is little argument that all of Fleming's original short stories and novels are canon, and some include the [[Kingsley Amis]] Bond novel, ''[[Colonel Sun]]'' in this canon as well. The status of the [[John Gardner (thriller writer)|John Gardner]] and [[Raymond Benson]] Bond novels in canon is less certain, since both book series have been updated and feature elements and characters created for the movie series. Benson's novels are particularly controversial as they appear to be based upon the Bond movie universe, rather than the literary Bond. The various Bond film novelizations are generally considered [[apocryphal]], as is a 1970s "authorized biography" of Bond by [[John Pearson (author)|John Pearson]].

A new series of novels featuring a [[Young Bond|teenaged Bond]] written by [[Charlie Higson]] was released in the beginning of [[2005]]. It remains to be seen if this series will be considered official canon. The TV series ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'', while officially licensed, is not considered canonical.

The Bond movies, meanwhile, appear to exist somewhat outside of any canon. Although there is some between-films continuity (e.g. references to the death of Bond's wife), the ever-changing cast has rendered any sort of canon determination virtually impossible.

===Macross===
The [[Macross]] canon consists of two animated TV series (''[[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross]]'' and its distant sequel, ''[[Macross Seven]]''), a movie which is treated as a historical drama produced in the "Macross universe" (''[[Macross: Ai Oboete Imasu Ka?|Macross: Ai Oboete Imasu Ka?/Macross: Do You Remember Love?]]'') and two Original Animation Videos (''[[Macross Plus]]'', a sequel and ''[[Macross Zero]]'', a prequel). Not included is ''[[Macross II: Lovers Again]]'', a sequel hurriedly produced by [[Big West]] for the 10th Anniversary of Macross in [[1992]].

===Marvel Universe===
Most, but not all, comic books published by [[Marvel Comics]] are set in a shared world known as the [[Marvel Universe]]. The canon for this world comprises all the comics not stated to be set in an [[alternate universe]], except those specifically contradicted by later stories. The events may not have occurred exactly as shown, however, owing to the [[floating timeline]].

Alternate universes in Marvel Comics include, for example, the "Ultimate" line of Marvel comics, which have their own canon independent of the core Marvel universe.

Appearances of the Marvel Comics characters in other media are not considered canon.

===Mega Man===
The ''[[Mega Man]]'' or ''Rockman'' canon is a source of much debate, due to confusing information that may had resulted from plotholes in the games.

According to official sources from [[Capcom]] (such as the ''Rockman Perfect Memories'' book), the series' continuity starts with the original "[[Mega Man Classic|Classic]]" series and proceeds to (in order) ''[[Mega Man X]]'', ''[[Mega Man Zero]]'' and ''[[Mega Man Legends]]''. The ''[[Mega Man Battle Network]]'' is set in an alternative universe from the other series and is not part of the franchise's main canon.

''[[Mega Man & Bass]]'', ''Mega Man: Power Battle'' and ''Mega Man: Power Fighters'' are generally accepted as canonical as well. However, the canonical status of some of the other spinoffs, particularly [[Game Boy]] versions of ''Mega Man I'' through ''V''. has not been officially established. The ''Rockman & Forte'' game for [[Wonderswan]] is non-canonical, due to the fact that it was only a licensed product made by Bandai and not developed internally by Capcom.

===Metal Gear===
The ''[[Metal Gear]]'' canon is comprised for the first two games in the series that were originally released for the [[MSX2]] and the later sequels released under the ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'' title. ''[[Metal Gear: Ghost Babel]]'' (which contained several discrenpancies between it and the main games) and the ''[[Metal Gear Acid]]'' series are considered side-stories set outside the main canon. ''[[Snake's Revenge]]'', an early ''Metal Gear'' sequel released only for the western market, is the only game not officially recognized by [[Hideo Kojima#Kojima Productions|Kojima Productions]]. ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance]]'', an expanded version of ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty]]'', contains a series of side-stories titled "Snake Tales" (set in enviroments recycled from the main game), which are considered uncanonical due to various contradicting details and overall recycled nature of them.

The original ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'' features two different endings, depending on the player's actions during the "torture event". In the first ending, [[Meryl Silverburgh]] survives the events of the game after Snake successfully resist [[Revolver Ocelot]]'s torture; however, if the player submits to the torture event, then an alternate ending is shown where Snake finds Meryl dead. The subsequent game (''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty]]'') makes no specific reference to either ending within the actual storyline. However, the fictional publication ''In the Shadow of Shadow Moses'' featured in the game as a bonus, alludes to Meryl's survival. Also, Meryl is shown to be part of the cast of [[Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots]], which continues after Metal Gear Solid 2.

===Middle-earth===
{{main article|[[Middle-earth canon]]}}
Defining the [[Middle-earth]] canon is difficult, because many key writings were not published by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] before his death. A considerable number of [[Tolkien fan]]s do not believe that a canon can be defined at all, preferring to observe the evolution of Tolkien's stories in the many versions and drafts published posthumously in the [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] series. Most, however, agree that ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' are canon, and also include a substantial amount of material published in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', and other posthumous books, as well as information from Tolkien's [[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|letters]]. Works outside of canon include art books (except for the collections of Tolkien's own art) and video games; the ''Lord of the Rings'' movies by [[Ralph Bakshi]] and [[Peter Jackson]] are generally considered non-canonical as well.

===Mortal Kombat===
The ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' series has an especially interesting (and confusing) plot canon. Every game in the series features a different ending for each character. Often, the endings in a single game will contradict each other. Fans tend to speculate about which endings are canon from whatever game has most recently been released, however the "true" endings are never officially known until the plot of the next game is revealed. Because not every ending from a game can be true, the majority of the endings from each game are non-canon. Additionally, portions of some endings may be considered canon while the rest of the ending is ignored.

An interesting trend associated with this line of canon plot is that nearly every game assumes the "good guys" (typically, the Earthrealm kombatants) prevailed over the "bad guys." In fact, this trend has only recently been broken, with the release of 2004's ''[[Mortal Kombat: Deception]]'', which assumes that Earthrealm's warriors lost and died at the hands of the [[Deadly Alliance]].

===The Prisoner===
The official canon of the 1960s TV series ''[[The Prisoner]]'', at present, consists of only the 17 broadcast episodes. The alternate versions of the episodes "Arrival" and "Chimes of Big Ben" which include additional scenes (including one sequence in "Chimes" that reveals The Prisoner is capable of determining the location of [[The Village]], rendering one ongoing subplot of the series moot) is not considered canon. The argument over whether [[Number 6]] is [[John Drake]] has led to debate over whether the ''[[Danger Man]]'' TV series should be considered part of ''The Prisoner'' canon; officially, it is not. Three original novels based on the series written during the 1960s (two of which identify No. 6 as John Drake) are not considered canon; the canon status of a new series of novels launched in 2005 is unclear.

===Resident Evil===
In the ''[[Resident Evil]]'' series, the main "numbered" games (which includes ''[[Resident Evil Code: Veronica]]'') are all considered canonical by [[Capcom]]. However, Capcom has yet to classify the canonical status for many of the side-games, namely the ''Gun Survivor'' series and ''Resident Evil Outbreak'' games. Some fans consider them to be canonical due to several factors, such as an allusion to the Sheena Island incident (the events of ''[[Resident Evil: Survivor]]'') in the beginning of ''[[Resident Evil 0]]''. The only game that is generally seen as uncanonical is ''[[Resident Evil Gaiden]]'', due to an unexplored cliffhanger ending. The films and novelizations (as well as other sanctioned adaptations) are not canonical due to several discrenpancies between them and the games.

There has also been debate as to how the events of the earlier games actually transpired due to multiple endings and alternate scenarios of the same storyline. This is best exemplified with the original ''[[Resident Evil (video game)|Resident Evil]]''. In the games that followed, it is stated that [[S.T.A.R.S.]] members [[Chris Redfield]] and [[Jill Valentine]] survived the mansion incident (the events of the original game) along with their respective supporting characters, [[Rebecca Chambers]] and [[Barry Burton]]. However, this is impossible to do in the game itself, due to the fact that the best possible ending for each character only features three of the four surviving STARS members (Barry and Rebecca are never in the same game together).

===Sherlock Holmes===
The [[Sherlock Holmes]] canon consists of the stories and novels written by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. This was decided by [[the Baker Street Irregulars]], a group of Holmes enthusiasts, to distinguish the original stories from the [[pastiche]]s that followed Holmes' retirement, and is probably the first use of the word in this context.

===The Simpsons===
In ''[[The Simpsons]]'', most episodes are considered to be canon, though some may not be able to match others exactly. There is one episode that parodies this: Ned Flanders gives Homer a football ticket and they become friends by the end of the episode. [http://www.simpsoncrazy.com/episodeguide/season5/1f14.shtml]
<blockquote>Lisa: ''Don't worry, Bart. It seems like every week something odd happens to the Simpsons. My advice is to ride it out, make the occasional smart-aleck quip, and by next week we'll be back to where we started from, ready for another wacky adventure.</blockquote>''
<blockquote>Bart: ''Ay, caramba!</blockquote>''
<blockquote>Lisa: ''That's the spirit.</blockquote>''

In the last scene of the episode, it is like none of it ever happened. There is a similar episode involving the past of Principal Skinner which ends in the same fashion, where the Springfield Judge rules that the events of the episode should not be spoken of again.

Some episodes contain references to others, such as mentions of the Simpson family having travelled to all of the continents in the world, save Antarctica. One issue of continuity that is unlikely to be definitively decided is the question of where the Simpsons' home town of Springfield is. Most clues about Springfield's location are contradictory, which is completely intentional. In one episode, Springfield is shown on a map as being in north-west Tennessee, but other episodes contradict this.

Some special episodes, such as the [[Treehouse of Horror]] specials, clip shows, and "[[Behind the Laughter]]," are not considered to be canon.

The original ''Shorts'', which appeared as filler material in ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' and featured what could be considered prototypes of the ''Simpsons'' characters are not considered canonical.

===Sonic the Hedgehog===
The Sonic game plots are often basic, but have become increasingly complex with each subsequent game.
''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the Hedgehog 2'', ''Sonic the Hedgehog 3'', ''Sonic and Knuckles'', ''Sonic Adventure'', ''Sonic Adventure 2'', ''Sonic Heroes'' and ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' are absolute canon games, since they were all directly created by Sonic Team. ''Sonic CD'' is also absolute canon, since it has been referred to in ''Sonic Adventure'' and ''Sonic Heroes''.

*The Advance games are most likely canon, as they have introduced a few characters that have later appeared in absolute canon games (such as Cream the Rabbit). It is debatable whether ''Sonic Battle'' is canon though.

*Some of the [[Game Gear]] games do not appear to fit into the canon.

*Other spinoffs also do not appear to fit into the canon.

*''Knuckles Chaotix'' is most likely canon, as it follows directly from ''Sonic & Knuckles'', according to the Japanese manual.

*''Sonic 3D'' and ''Sonic R'', the ''Travellers' Tales'' games for the Sega Saturn, may possibly be canon.

Whether some characters have been retconned, and which ones, is a source of debate.

Some argue that romantic couples such as [[Sonic the Hedgehog]]/[[Amy Rose]] or [[Knuckles the Echidna]]/[[Rouge the Bat]] are proved by the canon, but others disagree. As none of the characters in the Sonic games have actually gotten together or even kissed, none of the relationship theories can be officially proved or disproved.

===Stargate===
{{main article|[[Stargate]]}}
The ''Stargate'' fictional universe canon consists of:
*An original [[1994]] movie entitled ''[[Stargate (film)|Stargate]]'', which was intended to be the first of at least three, but was left to stand alone by its producers as [[Roland Emmerich]] moved on to ''[[Independence Day (film)|Independence Day]]''.
*Subsequent novels by Bill McCay which carried on the story based on Emmerich's notes (not considered canon after the addition of the next bullet). However, considering Emmerich's and Devlin's penchant for action, it is disputed how much these books resemble anything that would have been filmed.
*A [[spin-off]] TV series by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner called ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' which carried on one year after the story of the film ''Stargate'', and followed different developments from those described in the novels. This is generally considered canon over the books.
*A further spin-off called ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'' which develops a strand of the plot of ''Stargate SG-1''. There was also an animated series named ''[[Stargate Infinity]]'' which was acknowledged by its producers to strictly not be canon.
*A computer game called ''[[Stargate SG-1 (video game)|Stargate: The Alliance]]'' which is canon with the plot of ''[[Stargate SG-1]]''.
Some fans consider ''Stargate SG-1'' to be incompatible with the movie due to a few minor changes in small details of the film's plot when carried into the television series. However, most fans and even the producers pass over these details as insignificant.

===Star Trek===
{{main article|[[Star Trek canon]]}}

The [[Star Trek]] canon consists of the television series [[Star Trek: The Original Series|''Star Trek'' (the original series)]], ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', and the ten Star Trek movies. The non-canonical status of the various [[novel]]s, [[comic book]]s, and ''[[Star Trek: The Animated Series]]'' was decided by [[Gene Roddenberry]], who also claimed that some elements from the films ''[[Star Trek V: The Final Frontier]]'' and ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country]]'' were "slightly apocryphal".

The canonicity of the various reference books such as ''[[The Star Trek Encyclopedia]]'' and various companions accompanying the series is still debated. Many consider such reference works to be canon, while others do not; there is currently no clear answer solving this problem. A similar problem exists with [[trading card]]s cataloging information from the series.

===Star Wars===
{{main article|[[Star Wars canon]]}}

The ''[[Star Wars]]'' canon is a complex issue, and Lucas Licensing has devised a four-level system called the "[[Holocron]] continuity database" to keep track of the ''Star Wars'' canon. The purpose of this database is to chronicle all ''Star Wars'' stories, and settle any disputes that may arise within the various productions. The basic rule, however, is that the ''Star Wars'' canon comprises the six ''Star Wars'' films, along with all officially licensed ''Star Wars'' stories not contradicting the films.

===South Park===
Another notable animation series in this context is ''[[South Park]]''. It follows the misbehavings of a group of four friends. At the end of most early episodes, the character of [[Kenny McCormick|Kenny]] dies, but at the start of each new episode, he's found to be alive again. Whilst this was originally explained by his fading into existence at the beginning of "Cartman's Mom Is Still A Dirty Slut", it was later revealed that Kenny's mother gives birth to a new 'Kenny' immediately after the passing of the old one. The 'Kenny' born when this explanation was made was the 52nd. However that is not considered to be canon.

===Warhammer 40,000===
The canon of [[Games Workshop]]'s [[Warhammer 40,000]] universe is officially held to be extended to all works produced under an official Games Workshop licence: this means that all works produced by Games Workshop since [[Rogue Trader (Warhammer 40,000)|Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader]] are canonical until superceded, and no works produced without official blessing are considered canon at all (although increasingly in the last ten years since the Internet enabled fans to widely disseminate their own works such material has later been subsumed into official Games Workshop publications). However, the very far-reaching changes in game background and tone over the first three revisions of the core rulebook and background sourcebooks have invalidated very large parts of a history once considered canon (although the original Rogue Trader deliberately avoided establishing too many solid universal details for the sake of ensuring the game could be expanded by gamesmasters according to the prevailing logic in the science fiction gaming community at the late [[Eighties]]).

Almost all current consumers of Games Workshop material hold material to be canon only until superceded by more recent publications. Isolated communities of gamers who reject recent changes in game history and rules by the company exist, connected either locally by gaming groups or globally via Internet message boards ([http://www.easternfringe.com/]); these groups commonly either reject the widespread changes made to the core rules and background in the third revision of the rulebook and supporting material or reject all material which contradicts the original [[1987]] Rogue Trader publication (as almost all work released after the original book introduced specific [[timeline]] items which sought to direct the [[Gamesmaster]] in ways which seemingly contradicted the extremely open-ended [[Science fantasy|Science Fantasy]] background of the original book).

==Other factors==
The fact the majority of fans of a fictional setting view certain things as non-canonical, or even an official statement to that effect from its creators, does not oblige everyone to agree. In addition, a story can belong to two overlapping canons. The most obvious example of this is [[Philip José Farmer]]'s [[Wold Newton family]]. Some (but not all) of the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, [[Tarzan]], [[Doc Savage]] etc. are canonical in the Wold Newton setting. This does not mean that the events of Farmer's books are canonical from a Sherlockian perspective. Similarly, fans of [[Laurie R. King]]'s novels of [[Sherlock Holmes]] and [[Mary Russell]] consider all the Holmes stories to be canonical in King's setting.

The difference can be even less clear cut than this. Current ''Star Trek'' novels maintain a tight continuity with each other, and avoid contradicting the television series. When a ''Lost Era'' novel set between the movies and ''The Next Generation'' features a younger version of a character introduced in a ''Deep Space Nine'' novel, it's obvious there's some sort of "canonical" novel-setting, even if the TV series is not obliged to conform to it. This is where [[fanon]] and canon often collide, especially when a TV series, movie or other officially canonical source contradicts it. An example is the Trek novel ''[[Starfleet Year One]]'' which appeared in print before the TV series ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' was announced, but was completely invalidated by the series; there are some Trek fans who prefer the ''Starfleet Year One'' version of events as canon, rejecting the TV series. Generally, though, in the case of televised fiction, only facts which appear in the as-originally-aired version of a program are considered canonical (including scenes cut from re-runs, but not including such things as deleted scenes and scenes from unaired pilots and other such material that 'leaks out' over the internet).

In some fictional universes, interviews and other communications from authors are also considered canon - like [[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|the letters of J. R. R. Tolkien]] with relation to [[Middle Earth]]; also items such as interviews, internet chat sessions, and Web sites (e.g., the Web site of [[J. K. Rowling]] in relation to [[Harry Potter]]). This usually only happens in cases where all works in the universe have the same author.

==See also==
*[[Fanon (fiction)|Fanon]]
*[[Fanwank]]
*[[Retcon]]
*[[Dragon Ball canon]]
*[[Krypto-revisionism]]

[[Category:Canons|*]]
[[Category:Continuity (fiction)]]

Grandia III

2006-01-16T06:36:48Z

Piroroadkill: minor punctuaction correction

{{Infobox CVG| title = Grandia III
|image = [[Image:Grandia III packaging01.jpg|200px|Grandia III Japanese packaging.]]
|developer = [[Game Arts]]
|publisher = [[Square Enix]]
|designer =
|engine =
|released =[[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|22px|Japan]] [[August 4]], [[2005]] [[Image:Us flag large.png|22px|United States of America]] [[February 15]], [[2006]]
|genre = [[Computer role-playing game|RPG]]
|modes = [[Single player]]
|ratings = [[CERO]]: [[Image:Mark_a.gif|12px|Ages 12 and up]] Ages 12 and up
|platforms = [[PlayStation 2]]
|media = 2 × [[DVD-ROM]]
|requirements =
|input =
}}
'''''Grandia III''''' is the latest game in the ''[[Grandia]]'' series developed by [[Game Arts]] and published by [[Square Enix]]. The game follows the adventures of a boy named Yuki, and utilizes features seen in previous games of the series, such as the fast-paced battle system. The game is set for release in [[North America]] in [[February]] [[2006]], as officially announced by Square Enix.

==External Links==
* [http://na.square-enix.com/games/grandia3/ Official U.S site of Grandia III]
* [http://www.square-enix.co.jp/grandia3/ Official Japanese site of Grandia III]
* [http://www.hangar-g3.com/hangar-g3/?u=LinkTetra/ Official U.S Fansite to Grandia III]

==Voice Overs==

===U.S Version===
* [[Johnny Yong Bosch]] as Yuki

==Gameplay==
Story this time around follows Yuki, as he dreams of becoming pilot and that he gets to fly the endless skies in hopes of following the guy whom he admires the most; Legendary Pilot Shmidt. The game will have new features. And including a complete 3D world (ala the newer Final Fantasy series). Which he recruits various characters to aid him on his journey. Which Grandia composer: Noriyuki
Iwadare orchestrates the game's music beautifully.

===Gameplay Features===

{{spoiler}}

* Traverse the world of Grandia III as it's meant to be. In full 3D
* The intro of Sacred Beasts. Which play somewhat an important role in the story
* Unlike previous installments. You get to take control of your very own airplane and fly to areas that would be otherwise inaccessible by foot
* Players get to stun enemies before they enter battle. Which gives them the upper advantage in the flow of battle.

==Combat==
[[Image:Ss-028.jpg|thumb|right|256px|Japanese take of the battle system]]
Battles in this game are more like an upgrade from it's predecessors. Which it has the same elements (and then some). And adds more. With the inclusion of air juggling your opponents in the air (which the height # rises, depending on how high you knock your opponents in the air). This also could lead into an Air Finisher.

===Combat Features===

* Combo - Your basic attack
* Critical - Used for cancelling out your opponents moves (as seen in previous Grandia games)
* Spell - Your basic use of the Mana Eggs that you have obtained throughout the game
* Skill - Perform your Special Attack (Consumes SP)
* Air Finisher - New to the Grandia series. You can perform this tactic at the end of the air combo
* Turn Dial - Like with [[Grandia Xtreme]], this sequel will also feature a turn system called the; Turn Dial. And it works the same like with previous Grandia games. Which you input commands, spells etc.

===Mana Eggs===

The Mana Eggs return once again in this game. Which they serve as your primary source for spellcasting. Such spells include:

* Absolute Zero
* Astrea Zap
* Burn

Each of these eggs vary in strength and they boost your power. When the user equips one of them, they can increase the power within that egg. However, once a person breaks the Mana Egg. They can also gain very powerful spells.

Some of these Eggs can be synthesized in a special town or just simply bought or found.

==Transportation==

Your method of transportation this time will be an airplane (as seen in one of the english trailers). Which throughout the game you'll obtain.

==Holy Beasts==

This section details about the Guardian Beasts that reside in Yuki's World. Which they've come from another world. And that they found home on Yuki's world after the war broke out. Gryph, the leader is the only Holy Beast that has stayed behind.

Also, Alfina has the special ability of talking to these beasts. Though, as of yet, it's undecided whether the beasts will play a part in Yuki's quest

==Character Details==
* These are some of the characters that'll join Yuki on his quest:

===Hect===
She is the leader of the town called: Terrarium. Which happens to be the only inhabitable town in the alternate world. To make things worse, her world was almost destroyed by a phenomenon called: Zone Curse. Now, in present day, she now resides in Yuki's world. Hoping to sever ties with her world and Yuki's by playing her violin.

===Ull (changed to Ulf in the U.S version)===
A 16 year old, uncomplicated fellow who lives in the Valley of Dragons for countless of generations. Which he seems to be not a bad guy. Though, due to his parents strict attitude he leaves the village behind. Which him and his dragon; Shiba has made some aquaintences with Alonso and Legendary Pilot; Shmidt. Yuki's personal hero.

===Dahna===
23 years old. She has been the leader of her village ever since her love has mysteriously disappeared. And to some, they view her harsh, cold hearted. But to those that follow her knows that she's really compasionate and that she also places her faith in others.

On a side note. She is also a great fortune teller as well.

==Music==

* Artist - Miz

Throughout the Grandia games. [[Noriyuki Iwadare|Noriyuki]] has brought really good music. Whether it's in battle, town or event related. Which his previous work also included Radiata Stories.

==Packaging Artwork==
<gallery>
Image:Grandia III packaging01.jpg|''Grandia III'' Japan, August 2005
Image:GR3.jpg|''Grandia III'' U.S, February 2006
<gallery>

{{Template:Grandia series}}

[[Category:2005 computer and video games]]
[[Category:2006 computer and video games]]
[[Category:Grandia]]
[[Category:PlayStation 2 games]]
[[Category:Square Enix games]]</gallery>

Grandia III

2006-01-16T06:36:07Z

Piroroadkill:

{{Infobox CVG| title = Grandia III
|image = [[Image:Grandia III packaging01.jpg|200px|Grandia III Japanese packaging.]]
|developer = [[Game Arts]]
|publisher = [[Square Enix]]
|designer =
|engine =
|released =[[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|22px|Japan]] [[August 4]], [[2005]] [[Image:Us flag large.png|22px|United States of America]] [[February 15]], [[2006]]
|genre = [[Computer role-playing game|RPG]]
|modes = [[Single player]]
|ratings = [[CERO]]: [[Image:Mark_a.gif|12px|Ages 12 and up]] Ages 12 and up
|platforms = [[PlayStation 2]]
|media = 2 × [[DVD-ROM]]
|requirements =
|input =
}}
'''''Grandia III''''' is the latest game in the ''[[Grandia]]'' series developed by [[Game Arts]] and published by [[Square Enix]]. The game follows the adventures of a boy named Yuki, and utilizes features seen in previous games of the series, such as the fast-paced battle system. The game is set for release in [[North America]] in [[February]] [[2006]], as officially announced by Square Enix.

==External Links==
* [http://na.square-enix.com/games/grandia3/ Official U.S site of Grandia III]
* [http://www.square-enix.co.jp/grandia3/ Official Japanese site of Grandia III]
* [http://www.hangar-g3.com/hangar-g3/?u=LinkTetra/ Official U.S Fansite to Grandia III]

==Voice Overs==

===U.S Version===
* [[Johnny Yong Bosch]] as Yuki

==Gameplay==
Story this time around follows Yuki, as he dreams of becoming pilot and that he gets to fly the endless skies in hopes of following the guy whom he admires the most; Legendary Pilot Shmidt. The game will have new features. And including a complete 3D world (ala the newer Final Fantasy series). Which he recruits various characters to aid him on his journey. Which Grandia composer: Noriyuki
Iwadare orchestrates the game's music beautifully.

===Gameplay Features===

{{spoiler}}

* Traverse the world of Grandia III as it's meant to be. In full 3D
* The intro of Sacred Beasts. Which play somewhat an important role in the story
* Unlike previous installments. You get to take control of your very own airplane and fly to areas that would be otherwise inaccessible by foot
* Players get to stun enemies before they enter battle. Which gives them the upper advantage in the flow of battle.

==Combat==
[[Image:Ss-028.jpg|thumb|right|256px|Japanese take of the battle system]]
Battles in this game are more like an upgrade from it's predecessors. Which it has the same elements (and then some). And adds more. With the inclusion of air juggling your opponents in the air (which the height # rises, depending on how high you knock your opponents in the air). This also could lead into an Air Finisher.

===Combat Features===

* Combo - Your basic attack
* Critical - Used for cancelling out your opponents moves (as seen in previous Grandia games)
* Spell - Your basic use of the Mana Eggs that you have obtained throughout the game
* Skill - Perform your Special Attack (Consumes SP)
* Air Finisher - New to the Grandia series. You can perform this tactic at the end of the air combo
* Turn Dial - Like with [[Grandia Xtreme]], this sequel will also feature a turn system called the; Turn Dial. And it works the same like with previous Grandia games. Which you input commands, spells etc.

===Mana Eggs===

The Mana Eggs return once again in this game. Which they serve as your primary source for spellcasting. Such spells include:

* Absolute Zero
* Astrea Zap
* Burn

Each of these eggs vary in strength and they boost your power. When the user equips one of them, they can increase the power within that egg. However, once a person breaks the Mana Egg. They can also gain very powerful spells.

Some of these Eggs can be synthesized in a special town or just simply bought or found.

==Transportation==

Your method of transportation this time will be an airplane (as seen in one of the english trailers). Which throughout the game you'll obtain.

==Holy Beasts==

This section details about the Guardian Beasts that reside in Yuki's World. Which they've come from another world. And that they found home on Yuki's world after the war broke out. Gryph, the leader is the only Holy Beast that has stayed behind.

Also, Alfina has the special ability of talking to these beasts. Though, as of yet, it's undecided whether the beasts will play a part in Yuki's quest

==Character Details==
* These're some of the characters that'll join Yuki on his quest

===Hect===
She is the leader of the town called: Terrarium. Which happens to be the only inhabitable town in the alternate world. To make things worse, her world was almost destroyed by a phenomenon called: Zone Curse. Now, in present day, she now resides in Yuki's world. Hoping to sever ties with her world and Yuki's by playing her violin.

===Ull (changed to Ulf in the U.S version)===
A 16 year old, uncomplicated fellow who lives in the Valley of Dragons for countless of generations. Which he seems to be not a bad guy. Though, due to his parents strict attitude he leaves the village behind. Which him and his dragon; Shiba has made some aquaintences with Alonso and Legendary Pilot; Shmidt. Yuki's personal hero.

===Dahna===
23 years old. She has been the leader of her village ever since her love has mysteriously disappeared. And to some, they view her harsh, cold hearted. But to those that follow her knows that she's really compasionate and that she also places her faith in others.

On a side note. She is also a great fortune teller as well.

==Music==

* Artist - Miz

Throughout the Grandia games. [[Noriyuki Iwadare|Noriyuki]] has brought really good music. Whether it's in battle, town or event related. Which his previous work also included Radiata Stories.

==Packaging Artwork==
<gallery>
Image:Grandia III packaging01.jpg|''Grandia III'' Japan, August 2005
Image:GR3.jpg|''Grandia III'' U.S, February 2006
<gallery>

{{Template:Grandia series}}

[[Category:2005 computer and video games]]
[[Category:2006 computer and video games]]
[[Category:Grandia]]
[[Category:PlayStation 2 games]]
[[Category:Square Enix games]]</gallery>