Deuteragonist

2011-06-17T21:27:21Z

PhantomPlugger: Reverted 1 edit by 184.97.36.50 (talk) identified as vandalism to last revision by FoxBot. (TW)

In [[literature]], the '''''deuteragonist''''' (from {{lang-el|δευτεραγωνιστής}}, ''deuteragonistes'', second actor) is the second most important character, after the [[protagonist]] and before the [[tritagonist]].<ref name="deut1">Bartleby.com (2006). [http://www.bartleby.com/61/56/D0175600.html Deuteragonist]</ref> The deuteragonist may switch from being with or against the protagonist depending on the deuteragonist's own conflict/plot.

==History==
[[Ancient Greece|Greek]] [[drama]] began with simply one actor, the protagonist, and a [[Greek chorus|chorus]] of dancers. The playwright [[Aeschylus]] introduced the deuteragonist; Aristotle says in his ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]''

<blockquote>
{{Polytonic|Καὶ τό τε τῶν ὑποκριτῶν πλῆθος ἐξ ἑνὸς εἰς δύο πρῶτος Αἰσχύλος ἤγαγε καὶ τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ ἠλάττωσε καὶ τὸν λόγον πρωταγωνιστεῖν παρεσκεύασεν}} (1449a15).<ref name="deut2">Perseus Digital Library (2006). [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Aristot.+Poet.+1449a Aristotle, ''Poetics'']</ref>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Thus it was Aeschylus who first raised the number of the actors from one to two. He also curtailed the chorus and gave the dialogue the leading part (1449a15).<ref name="deut2"/>
</blockquote>

Aeschylus' efforts brought the dialogue and interaction between characters to the forefront and set the stage for other playwrights of the era, like [[Sophocles]] and [[Euripides]], to produce many iconic plays.<ref name="deut3">TheatreHistory.com (2006). [http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/aeschylus001.html "Aeschylus and his Tragedies"]</ref>

==Drama==
Because Ancient Greek drama involved only three actors (the protagonist, deuteragonist, and tritagonist) plus the chorus, each actor often played several parts. For instance, in Sophocles' ''[[Oedipus the King|Oedipus Rex]]'', the protagonist would be [[Oedipus]], who is on stage in most acts, the deuteragonist would be [[Jocasta]] (Oedipus' mother and wife), as well as the Shepherd and Messenger. This would be because Jocasta is certainly a major role—acting opposite Oedipus many times and occupying a central part of the story—and because the Shepherd and Messenger are onstage when Jocasta is offstage.<ref name="deut4">Wayne S. Turney (2006). [http://www.wayneturney.20m.com/oedipus.htm Sophokles' ''Oedipus Rex'']</ref>

==Literature==
Literarily, the deuteragonist often assumes the role of "[[sidekick]]" to the protagonist. In [[Mark Twain]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]]'', the protagonist is [[Huckleberry Finn (character)|Huck]] and the deuteragonist, his constant companion, is [[List of characters in the Tom Sawyer series#Jim|Jim]]. In this story the tritagonist would be [[Tom Sawyer]].<ref name="deut5">Dr. L. Kip Wheeler (2006). [http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_T.html Literary Vocabulary]</ref> Conversely, the deuteragonist could also be a particularly visible [[antagonist]], normally whom the actual antagonist hides behind, for example [[Professor Quirrell]] in ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', whom [[Voldemort]] (the actual antagonist) uses in order to have a human body.

==Television and film==
Many television series employ the use of a deuteragonist in order to weave a thicker plot and to advance the characterization of the protagonist through contrast. Examples include [[Barney Rubble]] from ''[[The Flintstones]]'', [[Michael Vaughn]] from ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]'', [[Prince Zuko]] from ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'', [[Alphonse Elric]] from ''[[Fullmetal Alchemist]]'' and Suzaku Kururugi from ''[[Code Geass]]''.

==See also==
*[[Antagonist]]
*[[Sidekick]]

==References==
<div class="references-small">
*Cuddon, J.A., ed. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory.'' 3rd ed. Penguin Books: New York, 1991.
<references/>
</div>

{{reflist}}
{{Fiction writing}}

[[Category:Ancient Greek theatre]]
[[Category:Drama]]
[[Category:Protagonists by role]]

[[fr:Deutéragoniste]]
[[nl:Deuteragonist]]
[[pt:Deuteragonista]]

Sturgeon House

2011-05-25T17:30:47Z

PhantomPlugger: /* History */ typo

{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Sturgeon House
| image = Sturgeon House.jpg
| image_size = 300
| location = 4302 Avonia Road<br />[[Fairview, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Fairview]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| lat_degrees = 42
| lat_minutes = 1
| lat_seconds = 43
| lat_direction = N
| long_degrees = 80
| long_minutes = 14
| long_seconds = 15
| long_direction = W
| locmapin = Pennsylvania
| map_width = 300
| built = {{Circa|1838}}
| builder = Samuel C. Sturgeon
| architecture = [[Federal architecture|Federal]], [[Saltbox]]
| added = December 10, 1980
| governing_body = Fairview Area Historical Society
| refnum = 80003490<ref name="focus">{{Cite web |url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov |title=NPS Focus |work=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=May 23, 2011}}</ref>
}}

The '''Sturgeon House''' is a [[saltbox]] house in [[Fairview, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Fairview]], [[Erie County, Pennsylvania|Erie County]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Pennsylvania]]. It was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1980. The Sturgeon House is operated as [[historic house museum|museum]] by the Fairview Area Historical Society.

== Design ==
The Sturgeon House is located at the intersection of Water Street and Avonia Road ([[Pennsylvania Route 98]]). The house is a rare example of a [[saltbox]] house in [[northwestern Pennsylvania]], as well as a house with a recessed side [[porch]].<ref name="nom 7">Hetz, § 7.</ref> The house is constructed of "stone foundation walls and topped with heavy timber [[sill plate|sills]] which are notched to receive log form beams."<ref name="nom 7"/> The roof of the house is slanted at an angle of 30 degrees.<ref name="nom 7"/> The front door is framed by a [[cornice]] and [[Federal architecture|Federal]]-style [[entablature]] and [[pilaster]].<ref name="nom 7"/>

== History ==
[[File:Sturgeon House 2.jpg|thumb|right|Front of the house showing the distinctive saltbox shape.]]
Jeremiah and William Sturgeon were the earliest settlers of what is now [[Fairview Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Fairview Township]], who acquired land from the [[Pennsylvania Population Company]] in 1797.<ref name="nom 8">Hetz, § 8.</ref> The Sturgeons operated "[[stagecoach|coach]] stops and taverns" in the area for travelers after the first road was cut from Erie to [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] in 1805.<ref name="nom 8"/> They founded the community of Sturgeonville, which eventually became [[Fairview, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Fairview]]. The house was built around 1838 by Samuel C. Sturgeon and is one of several built by the Sturgeons. The southern addition of the house was likely constructed in the early 1850s.<ref name="nom 7"/> The Sturgeon House was sold to the Fairview Area Historical Society in 1979 by a descendant of the Jeremiah Sturgeon. The house was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on December 10, 1980.<ref name="focus"/>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Architecture|Erie|National Register of Historic Places}}
* [[List of museums in Pennsylvania]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, Pennsylvania]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite web |last=Hetz |first=June E |title=Sturgeon House |date=June 9, 1980 |work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory — Nomination Form |publisher=[[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]] |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |url=https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce_imagery/phmc_scans/H000858_01H.pdf |accessdate=May 23, 2011}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.fairviewhistoryeriecountypa.org/sturgeonhouse.htm Sturgeon House], Fairview Area Historical Society

{{National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1838]]
[[Category:Federal architecture in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Houses in Erie County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Museums in Erie County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Saltbox architecture]]

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Deuteragonist

Sturgeon House