Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Jun Hong Lu

2016-03-20T18:58:23Z

Mscuthbert: ce

{{Infobox person
| name = Jun Hong Lu 盧軍宏
[[File:JunHong Lu.jpg|JunHong Lu]]
| image = 
| birth_date = August 04,1959
| occupation = President and Director of 2OR Australia Oriental Radio (2OR)
| known_for = Founder of the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Doors
| website = 
}}

{{Chinese name|[[Lu (surname 卢)|Lu]]}}
'''Jun Hong Lu''' ({{zh|t=盧軍宏|p=Lú Jūnhóng}}, born 4 August 1959) is a Grand Buddhist Master. He is the President of 2OR Australia Oriental Radio (2OR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guanyincitta.com/en/ |title=Guan Yin Citta |publisher=Guan Yin Citta |date= |accessdate=2016-02-17}}</ref> He is the President of the Australian Chinese Buddhist Research Centre.

== Awards ==
[[File:Honorary Visiting Professorship by University of Siena.jpg|thumb|Honorary visiting professorship by Siena University]]

In recognition of Lu's efforts to promote traditional Chinese culture, Buddhism, and world peace, the UK-based The Unity of Faiths Foundation honoured Lu with the ‘World Peace Award (Buddhism)’ and the title of the Ambassador for World Peace Ambassador for World Peace’ in July 2012. The Unity of Faiths Festival was one of the events in celebration of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In September 2012, Lu was invited to give a public talk at Harvard University. In October 2012, he received the 'British Community Honours Award' at the House of Lords, United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabtelegraph.com/2014/05/22/4295/ |title=Ardent promoter of Chinese culture and world peace and Winner of multiple international awards Master Junhong Lu was awarded the “Ambassador for Peace Education” at UN, “World Peace Ambassador” in U.S. Congress, and “honorary visiting professorship” in Italy |website=Arabtelegraph.com |date= |accessdate=2016-02-17}}</ref> In October 2012, he received the 'British Community Honours Award' at the House of Lords, United Kingdom. This award is recognised and honoured by Her Majesty the Queen for members of the British Community for their contribution to British Society.

On 31 March 2014, Lu was awarded Honorary Visiting Professorship by the University of Siena, Italy. The visiting professorship is under the Master Program in Global Governance and Cultural Diplomacy of the [[University of Siena]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guanyincitta.com/en/master-lu-awarded-honorary-visiting-professorship-by-university-of-siena-in-italy/ |title=Master Lu Awarded Honorary Visiting Professorship by University of Siena in Italy |publisher=Guan Yin Citta |date= |accessdate=2016-02-17}}</ref>

==Buddhism promotion==
Since 2010, in response to the invitations from Buddhism followers around the globe, Lu and his Dharma Propagating Team have organized public talks in many countries and regions including major cities in Australia; New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Boston in the United States; and Toronto in Canada. Lu also gave talks in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, the UK, France, Germany, Denmark, Thailand, New Zealand, and Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guanyincitta.com/en/events/ |title=Events |publisher=Guan Yin Citta |date= |accessdate=2016-02-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://guanyincitta.com/en/master-lu-biography/ Guan Yin Citta: Biography of Master Lu]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lu, Jun Hong}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian religious leaders]]
[[Category:People from Shanghai]]

Archery Trade Association

2016-01-26T16:00:17Z

Mscuthbert: edit just to correct previous edit summary -- should have been rv not rvv; no intentional vandalism detected.

{{Infobox organization
|name = Archery Trade Association
|image = Archery Trade Association logo.jpg
|image_border =
|size = 150px
|alt = 
|caption =
|map = 
|msize = 
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|mcaption = 
|abbreviation =
|motto =
|formation = {{Start date|1953}}
|extinction = 
|type = 
|status = 
|purpose = 
|headquarters = [[New Ulm, Minnesota]]
|location =
|coords = 
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|website = [http://www.archerytrade.org/ www.archerytrade.org]
|remarks =
}}
The '''Archery Trade Association''', formerly known as the Archery Manufacturer and Merchant's Organization (AMO) is a non-profit trade organization for the promotion of [[archery]] and [[bowhunting]] through sale of equipment, projects in archery education, the standardization of equipment measures, and the sponsorship of events.<ref>Pszczola, Lorraine (1971),

''Archery'', p. 69, W.B. Saunders Company, ISBN 0-7216-7388-0</ref> It includes manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and other companies associated with these industries.<ref>[http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/trails/shooting_mou.pdf Federal Lands Hunting, Fishing, and Shooting Sports Roundtable] at the [http://www.fs.fed.us/ USDA Forest Service] website</ref>

==History==
The ATA was originally formed in 1953 in [[Wisconsin]] as the Archery Manufacturers and Dealers Association (AMADA),<ref>Lattimer, Dick (2006), ''I Remember Papa Bear: The Untold Story of the Legendary Fred Bear Including His Secrets of Hunting'', p. 23, Ihunt! Communications, ISBN 0-9721321-3-9</ref> containing within its initial membership such renowned archers as [[Fred Bear]] and Bob Lee.

One of its first tasks was the standardization of [[bow string]] lengths,<ref name = "SI">Boyles, Carolee (2000), [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3197/is_4_45/ai_62957853 "Amo Provides Millions To Preserve Hunting,"] [http://www.shootingindustry.com/ ''Shooting Industry''], April 2000</ref> resulting in a measure (called "AMO length") that is currently still in use.<ref>[http://www.martinarchery.com/o_manual/trad1.html "String length,"] ''Martin Archery Traditional Bow Manual'' at [http://www.martinarchery.com/ martinarchery.com]</ref>

In the 1960s it shortened its name to the Archery Manufacturer's Association, or the Archery Manufacturer and Merchant's Organization, (AMO) and its membership (mostly consisting of manufacturers) was greatly increased in the 1970s with the innovation of the [[Compound bow]]. In 1991 the organization moved its central location to [[Gainesville, Florida]] under the presidency of Dick Lattimer. In 1997, with the debut of the AMO Archery Trade Show, the funding formerly provided by companies' donations was replaced by the profits generated from this event.<ref name = "SI">Boyles, Carolee (2000), [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3197/is_4_45/ai_62957853 "Amo Provides Millions To Preserve Hunting,"] [http://www.shootingindustry.com/ ''Shooting Industry''], April 2000</ref>

In 2003, the AMO was reorganized into the ATA<ref name = "ATA"> [http://www.archerytrade.org/about_ata.html "About ATA,"] at [http://www.archerytrade.org archerytrade.org]</ref> and two separate but associated foundations (Arrowsport and the Bowhunting Preservation Alliance) in order to increase fund-raising and provide focus for the industry regarding the promotion, protection and growth of archery and bowhunting.

==Foundations==
The two foundations associated with the ATA, for which it provides funding and direction, are both tax-free organizations devoted to education and research, although they are geared toward different goals.<ref name = "ATA">[http://www.archerytrade.org/about_ata.html "About ATA"] at [http://www.archerytrade.org archerytrade.org]</ref>

===Arrowsport===
Arrowsport was formed in 2002 as an advocacy group for archery promotion and growth.<ref name = "AS">[http://www.archerytrade.org/arrow_sport.html "Arrow Sport"] at [http://www.archerytrade.org archerytrade.org]</ref><ref name = "DNR">Dettloff, Mary (2006), [http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-144522--,00.html "Archery Trade Association Named Partner in Conservation by DNR,"] Department of Natural Resources at [http://www.michigan.gov/ michigan.gov]</ref> It consists of a coalition of organizations within the archery industry, including:
*[[National Field Archery Association]]
*USA Archery
*Archery Shooters Association
*International Bowhunting Organization
*American Crossbow Federation
*National Alliance for the Development of Archery

According to its current director, three time [[Olympic Games|Olympian]] Denise Parker, the five main objectives of the foundation<ref name = "AS">[http://www.archerytrade.org/arrow_sport.html "Arrow Sport"] at [http://www.archerytrade.org archerytrade.org]</ref> are:
#lowering barriers to entry into archery and increasing shooting opportunities
#the growth of recreational archery
#the maintenance and increase of the number of archers
#increased public awareness of archery
#assisting with the unification archers and archery organizations

===Bowhunting Preservation Alliance (BPA)===
Whereas Arrowsport focuses on the sporting aspects of archery, the Bowhunting Preservation Alliance (BPA) – also formed in 2002<ref name = "DNR">Dettloff, Mary (2006), [http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-144522--,00.html "Archery Trade Association Named Partner in Conservation by DNR,"] Department of Natural Resources at[http://www.michigan.gov/ michigan.gov]</ref> – has as its primary objective the promotion of bowhunting,<ref>[http://www.manchesterbowhunters.com/ "Bow Hunters Unite"] at the [http://www.manchesterbowhunters.com/ Manchester Bow Hunters] website</ref> which involves the taking of [[Game (food)|game animals]].

The group has established five objectives<ref>Durkin, Patrick (2004), [http://www.bowhunting.net/eMagazine/Articles/2004/BPA-IncreaseBowhunting.html "BPA Works To Increase Support for Bowhunting,"] at [http://www.bowhunting.net/ bowhunting.net]</ref> for the support of bow hunting. According to president and [[CEO]] Jay McAninch, a former [[wildlife biologist]],<ref>[http://www.archerytrade.org/bowhunting_preservation_alliance.html "Bowhunting Preservation Alliance"] at [http://www.archerytrade.org archerytrade.org]</ref> these objectives are:
#the maintenance and growth of the number of bowhunters
#increased bowhunting opportunities
#increased public awareness of bowhunting
#lowered barriers to bowhunting opportunities
#assisting with the unitfication of bowhunters and bowhunting organizations

==Membership==

In the year 2000 the AMO consisted of more than 600 manufacturers, dealers and distributors.<ref name = "SI">Boyles, Carolee (2000), [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3197/is_4_45/ai_62957853 "Amo Provides Millions To Preserve Hunting,"] [http://www.shootingindustry.com/ ''Shooting Industry''], April 2000</ref> Today the number of companies in its membership exceeds a thousand.<ref>[http://www.archerytrade.org/membership.html "Membership"] at [http://www.archerytrade.org archerytrade.org]</ref>

==Publications==
The ATA and its foundations produce ''[http://archerytrade.org/news/insight-newsletter.html Insight]'', a bulletin designed to provide readers with updated information about the industry.

It is also a contributor to ''[http://www.zebrapub.com/html/InsideArchery.html Inside Archery]'', [http://arrowtrademagazine.com/ ArrowTrade] and [http://www.gvmg.com/AB/index.htm Archery Business].

The ATA also publishes various [http://archerytrade.org/news/press-releases.html Press Releases].

Additionally, it promotes awareness of [[Chronic wasting disease]] alongside the Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance, of which it is a sponsor.<ref>[http://www.cwd-info.org/index.php/fuseaction/sponsors.main Sponsors] of the [http://www.cwd-info.org/index.php Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Archery]]
*[[Bow (weapon)]]
*[[Arrow]]
*[[List of archery terms]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
[http://www.archerytrade.org/ Official ATA website]

[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Industry trade groups based in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports organizations of the United States]]
[[Category:Archery organizations]]

Archery Trade Association

2016-01-26T15:56:26Z

Mscuthbert: rvv -- excessive promotional links and language. See discussion page.

Tony Leondis

2016-01-23T22:19:03Z

Mscuthbert: Reverted 1 edit by 68.226.122.217 identified as test/vandalism using STiki

{{Infobox person
| image =
| imagesize =
|birth_name = Anthony Leondis
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|03|24}}
| notable_works = ''[[Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch]]'', ''[[Igor (film)|Igor]]''
| birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States]]
| occupation = Director, writer, story artist, voice actor
| spouse =
| website =
}}
'''Anthony "Tony" Leondis''' (born March 24, 1972) is an [[United States|American]] film director, writer and voice actor of animation.

Leondis started his career as a story artist working on films such as ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' and ''[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]''. He later joined [[DisneyToon Studios]], where he co-wrote the script for ''[[Kronk's New Groove]]''. Leondis made his directorial debut on ''[[Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch]]'' in 2005. In 2008, he directed his first theatrical animated film, ''[[Igor (film)|Igor]]'', for Exodus Film Group.<ref>{{cite news|title=Weinsteins tap ‘Igor’ helmer|url=http://variety.com/2006/digital/news/weinsteins-tap-igor-helmer-1117950507/|accessdate=August 11, 2013|newspaper=Variety|date=August 11, 2013}}</ref>

Since 2009, he was directing at DreamWorks Animation an animated feature film about ghosts, titled ''[[B.O.O.: Bureau of Otherworldly Operations]]''
<ref>{{cite news|last=Barrett|first=Annie|title=DreamWorks greenlights animated ghost project 'Boo U'|url=http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/06/19/dreamworks-greenlights-animated-ghost-project-boo-u/|accessdate=December 14, 2011|newspaper=Entertainment Weekly|date=June 19, 2009}}</ref> The film, which was based on his original idea,<ref name=PitchMurray>{{cite news|title=Bill Murray Gets Ghost Busted with Jennifer Coolidge and Octavia Spencer in B.O.O.: Bureau of Otherworldly Operations|url=http://new.pitchengine.com/pitches/377c97bb-78da-47ed-9761-0631cd90293a|accessdate=October 31, 2013|newspaper=Pitch Engine|date=October 31, 2013|author=DreamWorks Animation}}</ref> was scheduled to be released in 2015,<ref name=Slate2016>{{cite news|title=New Distributor Twentieth Century Fox Unveils DreamWorks Animation's Release Slate Through 2016|url=http://ir.dreamworksanimation.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=705761|accessdate=September 10, 2012|newspaper=DreamWorks Animation|date=September 9, 2012|author=DreamWorks Animation}}</ref> but by late 2014, it was pulled from DWA's schedule and went back into restructuring.<ref name=LATHasbroEnd>{{cite news|last1=Verrier|first1=Richard|title=DreamWorks Animation shares plummet after Hasbro talks end|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-dreamworks-shares-20141117-story.html|accessdate=November 20, 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|date=November 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr.|first1=Mike|title=Emoji At Center Of Bidding Battle Won By Sony Animation; Anthony Leondis To Direct|url=http://deadline.com/2015/07/emoji-movie-sony-pictures-animation-anthony-leondis-kung-fu-panda-secrets-of-the-masters-1201482768/|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=July 21, 2015|date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>

In July 2015, it was reported that Leondis sold to [[Sony Pictures Animation]] a pitch for an animated film about [[emoji]].<ref name=DeadlineEmojiBattle>{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr.|first1=Mike|title=Emoji At Center Of Bidding Battle Won By Sony Animation; Anthony Leondis To Direct|url=http://deadline.com/2015/07/emoji-movie-sony-pictures-animation-anthony-leondis-kung-fu-panda-secrets-of-the-masters-1201482768/|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=July 21, 2015|date=July 21, 2015}}</ref> Leondis, who will co-wrote the film with Eric Siegel, is also set to direct it.<ref name=DeadlineEmojiBattle />

==Filmography==
* ''[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]'' (1998) (additional character designer)
* ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998) (story artist)
* ''[[The Road to El Dorado]]'' (2000) (additional storyboard artist)
* ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) (story artist)
* ''[[Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch]]'' (2005) (director, screenplay)
* ''[[Kronk's New Groove]]'' (2005) (story)
* ''[[Igor (film)|Igor]]'' (2008) (director, additional screenplay, voice of Killisuem Fan)
* ''[[Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters]]'' (2011) (director, voice of [[List of Kung Fu Panda characters#Croc|Croc]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1902232}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Leondis, Tony
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Animated film director and screenwriter
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 24, 1972
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[New York City]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leondis, Tony}}
[[Category:American film directors]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American animators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:DreamWorks Animation people]]

{{US-film-director-1970s-stub}}

Benutzer:Zollernalb/Dude Perfect

2015-12-23T14:54:15Z

Mscuthbert: Reverted 1 edit by 77.30.50.210 identified as test/vandalism using STiki

{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Dude Perfect
| image = DudePerfect's Logo 2014-02-23 02-35.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|http://www.dudeperfect.com/}}
| channel_name =
| creator =
| years_active = 2008–present
| genre = [[Sports]]/[[Entertainment]]/[[Comedy]]
| subscribers = 7.7 million subscribers
| subscriber_date = December 9, 2015
| views = 1 billion views
| view_date = August 2015
| network =
| silver_button =
| silver_year =
| gold_button =
| gold_year =
| stats_update = August 29, 2015
}}
'''''Dude Perfect''''' is a sports entertainment group who got their start on [[YouTube]]. Most known for their trick shots, they are also involved in comedy with their "Stereotypes" series, in which they poke fun at common stereotypes, mostly in the sports world. The group consists of Coby and Cory Cotton, Garrett Hilbert, Cody Jones, and Tyler Toney who are all former high school basketball players<ref name="Daily Mail">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1215511/Dude-perfect-Is-really-amazing-basketball-shot-entire-world.html|title='Dude, perfect!' Is this really the most amazing basketball shot in the entire world?|newspaper=[[Daily Mail]]|date=September 23, 2009|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> and college roommates at [[Texas A&M University]].<ref name="Dallas Observer">{{cite news|last=Nicholson|first=Eric|url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2014/01/watch_dude_perfect_hit_a_500-f.php|title=Watch Dude Perfect Hit a 500-Foot Trick Shot from Reunion Tower|newspaper=[[Dallas Observer]]|date=January 2, 2014|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref>

The group commented that their shots typically relied more on [[American football]] skills than basketball.<ref name="CBS News">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/trick-b-ball-shots-turn-youtube-sensation/|title=Trick B-Ball Shots Turn YouTube Sensation|work=[[CBS News]]|date=September 28, 2009|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref>

==History==
The group was betting on sandwiches via basketball shots in their backyard, which were eventually recorded on camera, and a video of trick shots at Toney's ranch was eventually released on YouTube.<ref name="TAMU" /> Within a week, the video received 100,000 views. When asked about the name, Toney stated,<ref name="Star Local" />
{{bquote|Our camera guy, Sean, set the camera down on a ledge. When he turned on the camera, Tyler was already in the frame and he just said "dude, perfect" and said that he barely had to move the camera. When we went back to edit the video, we heard that the twins (Coby and Cory) had the mindset to brand this and called it Dude Perfect.}}

Afterwards, a trick shot video from the Christian summer camp [[Sky Ranch]] was released, which, as of June 2015, has over 13.9 million views.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dude Perfect|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4giMyqv0qc|title=Trick Shot Basketball {{!}} Dude Perfect {{!}} Summer Camp|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=August 30, 2009|accessdate=October 21, 2014}}</ref> For every 100,000 views the video received, Dude Perfect pledged to sponsor a child from [[Compassion International]].<ref name="TAMU">{{cite web|last=Ralston|first=Katy|url=http://tamunews.tamu.edu/dude-perfect-becomes-national-sensation/|title=‘Dude Perfect’ Becomes National Sensation|publisher=[[Texas A&M University]]|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> Afterwards, [[ESPN]]'s ''[[E:60]]'' contacted the group for a segment, and on the third floor of Texas A&M's [[Kyle Field]], Toney converted a shot, which traveled 3.9 seconds, which was a world record at the time. The shot prompted television appearances on ESPN's ''[[First Take (TV series)|First Take]]'', ''[[Pardon the Interruption]]'', ''[[Around the Horn]]'' and ''[[SportsNation (TV series)|SportsNation]]''. Eventually, Dude Perfect introduced the Panda mascot, who "developed a cult following at [[Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball|A&M basketball]] games" when taunting players of the opposing team.<ref name="Star Local">{{cite web|last=Welch|first=Matt|url=http://starlocalmedia.com/sports/hoop-dreams-local-goes-from-online-sensation-to-nationwide-phenomenon/article_082fe9d7-e9f7-5dd1-84a7-9acf3a7ca8f6.html|title=Hoop Dreams: Local goes from online sensation to nationwide phenomenon|publisher=Star Local Media|date=June 18, 2011|accessdate=January 13, 2014}}</ref>

Later, the group received professional endorsements and requests, which began with then-[[Sacramento Kings]] player [[Tyreke Evans]], in an effort to promote Evans' run for [[NBA Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]].<ref name="TheBlaze">{{cite web|last=Klimas|first=Liz|url=http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/03/08/you-know-those-viral-trick-shot-videos-we-talked-to-the-guys-behind-many-of-them-and-theyre-fascinating/|title=YOU KNOW THOSE VIRAL TRICK SHOT VIDEOS? WE TALKED TO THE GUYS BEHIND MANY OF THEM AND THEY’RE FASCINATING|publisher=[[TheBlaze]]|date=March 8, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> Dude Perfect also worked with Australian bowler [[Jason Belmonte]], country singer [[Tim McGraw]], [[Seattle Seahawks]] coach [[Pete Carroll]] & [[quarterback]] [[Russell Wilson]], and [[Heisman Trophy]] winner and [[Cleveland Browns]] quarterback [[Johnny Manziel]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Gaines|first=Cork|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/johnny-manziel-trick-shot-video-with-dude-perfect-2013-1|title=Johnny Manziel Made A Trick Shot Video That Is Hard To Believe|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|date=January 25, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kercheval|first=Ben|url=http://collegefootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/01/24/johnny-manziel-has-an-absurd-trick-shot-video/|title=Johnny Manziel has an absurd trick shot video|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|date=January 24, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> at Kyle Field,<ref>{{cite web|last=Speros|first=Bill|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/trending/post/_/id/13546/its-manziel-and-dude-perfect-mash-up|title=It's Manziel and Dude Perfect mash-up|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=January 25, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> [[Miami Dolphins]] quarterback [[Ryan Tannehill]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Newport|first=Kyle|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1872125-ryan-tannehill-and-dude-perfect-make-trick-shot-video-at-dicks-sporting-goods|title=Ryan Tannehill and 'Dude Perfect' Make Trick Shot Video at Dick's Sporting Goods|publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]|accessdate=January 12, 2014}}</ref> the [[United States at the Olympics|U. S. Olympic team]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/19/team-usa-olympics-trick-shot-video-dude-perfect_n_1687732.html|title=Team USA Olympics Trick Shot Video: Dude Perfect Celebrates The Olympics With Amazing Accuracy|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=July 19, 2012|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> [[NASCAR]] drivers [[Ricky Stenhouse, Jr.]], [[Travis Pastrana]], [[James Buescher]] and [[IndyCar Series]] driver [[James Hinchcliffe]] at [[Texas Motor Speedway]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Haag|first=Mike|url=http://blog.mysanantonio.com/motorsports/2013/03/nascar-drivers-dude-perfect-hoop-it-up-at-texas-motor-speedway/|title=NASCAR drivers, Dude Perfect hoop it up at Texas Motor Speedway|newspaper=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|date=March 8, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> [[New York Giants]] wide receiver [[Odell Beckham Jr.]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvCCwnLGtLY</ref> and [[St. Louis Rams]] players [[Greg Zuerlein (American football)|Greg Zuerlein]], [[John Hekker]], and [[Jacob McQuaide]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Wagoner|first=Nick|url=http://www.stlouisrams.com/news-and-events/article-1/Rams-Get-Their-Kicks-with-Dude-Perfect/ec71fcbc-f54b-49a2-bfa3-54ac0b7fa3d4|title=Rams Get Their Kicks with Dude Perfect|publisher=[[St. Louis Rams]]|date=June 30, 2013|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> The group also worked with A&M wideout [[Travis Labhart]], and later they collaborated with the hockey team [[Dallas Stars]]' forward duo [[Tyler Seguin]] and [[Jamie Benn]]. They also have shot videos with fellow trick shot maestro [[Brodie Smith (ultimate)|Brodie Smith]], and YouTube singer [[Luke Conard]]. The group has also interviewed [[National Basketball Association]] stars including, but not limited to: [[LeBron James]], [[Kobe Bryant]], [[Kevin Love]], [[Kevin Durant]], [[James Harden]], [[Carmelo Anthony]], and [[Chris Paul]], in their period as the [[United States men's national basketball team]].

In 2009, the group set the world record for the longest basketball shot after shooting from the third deck of Kyle Field. The record was jeopardized by Legendary Shots, who made a shot from [[Birmingham, Alabama]]'s [[Vulcan statue]], but in October 2010, Dude Perfect extended their record with a "cross-tower" shot, which was {{convert|216|ft|m}} high, and the basket was {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=on}} away from the tower's base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2010/10/01/dude-perfect-shatters-longest-shot-record/|title=Dude Perfect shatters longest shot record|work=[[NBC Sports]]|date=October 1, 2010|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> In March 2011, Dude Perfect unofficially{{ref|Official record|[a]}} extended the record with a shot from the top of [[NRG Stadium]], which lasted 5.3 seconds.<ref name="Star Local" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Goodman|first=William|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/dude-perfect-make-alleged-new-world-record-basketball-shot-at-reliant-stadium/|title="Dude Perfect" make alleged new world record basketball shot at Reliant Stadium|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=March 23, 2011|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> In January 2014, the group successfully attempted a shot from the {{convert|561|ft|m|abbr=on}}-high [[Reunion Tower]], with Jones and Hilbert holding the basket at the base of the tower.<ref name="Dallas Observer" />

Despite their success, questions arose over the legitimacy of the group's tricks; ''[[Good Morning America]]'' hosted a segment about the tricks and whether they were real,<ref>{{cite news|last=Chivers|first=Tom|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/6223653/YouTube-sensation-Dude-Perfects-worlds-longest-basketball-shot-real-or-fake.html|title=YouTube sensation Dude Perfect's 'world's longest basketball shot' - real or fake?|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=September 23, 2009|accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> though experts contacted by ''GMA'' stated they were unable to find evidence of the tricks being fake.<ref name="Daily Mail" /> Regarding the doubts, Jones stated, "We love it when people say it’s fake because it makes the shots seem even more ridiculously impossible; and we get more publicity and hits and YouTube so we love the mystery of knowing whether it’s real or fake."<ref name="TAMU" /> Toney, Coby and Cory Cotton stated that it takes multiple attempts when filming before successfully converting the final shots.<ref name="CBS News" />

In 2011, Dude Perfect launched a mobile game for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]], self-titled ''Dude Perfect''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dude-perfect/id424123969?mt=8|title=Dude Perfect|work=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=July 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.dudeperfect.dudeperfect&hl=en|title=Dude Perfect|work=[[Google Play]]|accessdate=July 7, 2014}}</ref> Additionally, Cory Cotton authored a nationally published book titled ''[http://www.amazon.com/Go-Big-Count-Connected-World/dp/1414361378 Go Big]'' in which he shares the secrets the group has learned along the way building a business in a world largely influenced by social media. Dude Perfect has recently made videos with the Seattle Seahawks and now produce the popular face off series in which 2 members square off in sporting events held at the Dude Perfect Office

In June 2015 the group was selected by the [[Harlem Globetrotters]] in their annual player draft.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/early-lead/wp/2015/06/24/harlem-globetrotters-draft-mone-davis-alex-morgan-and-dude-perfect/|title=Harlem Globetrotters draft Mo’ne Davis, Alex Morgan and Dude Perfect|date=June 24, 2015|first=Marissa|last=Payne|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>

==Notes==
:<sup>{{note|Official record|[a]}}</sup> ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' has not recognized Dude Perfect as the record holder; Thunder Law of the [[Harlem Globetrotters]] officially holds the record with a {{convert|33.45|m|ft|abbr=on}} shot at [[US Airways Center]] in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, on November 11, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/1000/longest-basketball-shot|title=Longest basketball shot|work=[[Guinness World Records]]|accessdate=January 15, 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*
* {{YouTube|u=corycotton|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
{{Streamy Awards Series Winners Subject}}

[[Category:2009 introductions]]
[[Category:Internet celebrities]]
[[Category:YouTube channels]]
[[Category:Texas A&M University alumni]]

MineCon

2015-11-23T18:59:06Z

Mscuthbert: Reverted 1 good faith edit by 86.186.204.185 using STiki

{{Infobox Convention
| name = Minecon
| image = Minecon_logo.png
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| status = Active
| venue =
| location = Varies
| country =
| first = 2009
| attendance = 10,000+ in 2015 (27,000 total)
| events =
| website = {{URL|http://minecon.mojang.com/}}
}}
'''Minecon''' is a [[Fan convention|convention]] for the video game ''[[Minecraft]]'', hosted by [[Mojang]].<ref name="pcg-2012"/> The first gathering in 2010 was known as '''Minecraftcon'''. The Minecon 2011 convention was held in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] and celebrated the launch of the game with ''Minecraft''-related discussion panels and gaming areas. The most recent convention, held in [[London]], had 10,000 attendees and was recognized as the world's biggest gaming convention for a single video game.

== Events by year ==

=== 2010 ===
MinecraftCon 2010 was a gathering of more than 50 people at [[Bellevue, Washington]] on 31 August. [[Markus Persson]] made the meetup when several requests were made for a community meetup, so he called on the community to pick no specific venue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://notch.tumblr.com/post/1008498266/how-about-a-somewhat-spontaneous-minecraftcon-2010-in|title=How about a somewhat spontaneous MinecraftCon 2010 in Bellevue in one week?|first=Markus|last=Persson|work=[[Tumblr]]|date=25 August 2010}}</ref> This was not technically a convention, but some count it as the first ''Minecraft'' convention.

=== 2011 ===

5000 people attended the first MineCon convention held at Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas, on 18 November 2011.<ref name="mcvuk-paris"/> The convention focused on celebrating the game's release and hosted ''Minecraft''-related discussion panels and invited people to play the game with others while at the convention.<ref name="mcvuk-paris">{{cite news|url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/minecon-2012-will-be-at-disneyland-paris/0100583|title=Minecon 2012 will be at Disneyland Paris|first=Lauren|last=Wainwright|date=2 August 2012|publisher=[[Market for Home Computing and Video Games]]|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref> There were keynote speeches from members of the community, building contests, costume contests and exhibits. One of the many events at MineCon was the "Nether Party", an event for those aged 21 and over, featuring [[deadmau5]].

=== 2012 ===
[[File:Minecon 2012 Stage.JPG|thumb|right|Main stage at Minecon 2012, during a panel with [[Markus Persson|Notch]]]]

On 2 August 2012, [[Mojang]] announced that the 2012 MineCon convention would take place in the [[Paris]] [[Disneyland Park (Paris)|Disneyland Park]] on 24 and 25 November.<ref name="eg-paris">{{cite news|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-08-02-minecon-2012-will-be-held-at-disneyland-paris|title=MineCon 2012 will be held at Disneyland Paris|first=Robert|last=Purchese|date=2 August 2012|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="js-paris">{{cite news|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2012/08/02/minecon-2012-going-to-disneyland-paris-this-november/|title=MineCon 2012 going to Disneyland Paris this November|first=JC|last=Fletcher|date=2 August 2012|publisher=[[Joystiq]]|accessdate=27 December 2012}}</ref> The announcement was made over the social networking platform [[Twitter]] when the game's creator, [[Markus Persson]], posted a short trailer revealing the new convention location.<ref name="eg-paris"/> The video shows Mojang team members wearing Disney paraphernalia, and Persson comments to lead developer [[Jens Bergensten]], "I think they are trying to tell us something".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-08-02-minecon-2012-to-be-held-at-disneyland-paris|title=Minecon 2012 to be held at Disneyland Paris|first=Dan|last=Pearson|date=2 August 2012|work=''[[GamesIndustry.biz]]''|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite video|people=Persson, Markus; Bergensten, Jens|title=MINECON 2012 Announcement!|url=//www.youtube.com/watch?v=ik6VYNPiLsw|date=2 August 2012}}</ref> [[Joystiq]]'s JC Fletcher said that the site was a "step up" from the first MineCon's location in Las Vegas.<ref name="js-paris"/> The second annual convention was the first held outside of the United States, making it available to European fans who might not have been able to attend the first.<ref name="ign-venue">{{cite news|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/08/02/minecon-2012-dates-and-venue-revealed|title=MineCon 2012 Dates and Venue Revealed|first=Luke|last=Karmali|date=2 August 2012|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref> It was held in the wake of ''Minecraft'''s growing popularity as the [[Xbox 360]] version of the game sold 3 million copies.<ref name="ign-venue"/> 2012 was also the start of several in-game unofficial MineCons, notably Virtual Minecon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetminecraft.com/forums/virtual-minecon-t152014.html|title=CREEPEREVENTS 2013 Virtual Minecon - RECRUITMENT WEEK!|publisher=PlanetMinecraft|date=9 September 2012 |accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref> which although an unofficial event, was attended by a member of the Mojang Team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/carnalizer/status/267356693904625664|title=carnalizer: In a VIP area at Virtual Minecon|first=Henrik|last=Pettersson|work=[[Twitter]]|date=10 November 2012|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref> Many in-game MineCons have announced an intent to return with the start of the next MineCon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creeperevents.com|title=Virtual Minecon 2013|publisher=Creeperevents.com|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>

4,500 fans attended the convention in 2012.<ref name="pcg-2012">{{cite journal|title=Minecon celebrates a vast community|last=Francis|first=Tom|date=January 2013|journal=[[PC Gamer (UK)|PC Gamer]]|location=UK|page=11}}</ref> Mojang made several announcements at the 2012 convention. Details about the 1.5 "Redstone" update were revealed as well as information on the game's modding [[API]].<ref name="mcv-over">{{cite news|url=http://www.mcvnordic.com/news/read/minecon-2012-is-over/0107067|title=MineCon 2012 is over|first=Mats|last=Nylund|date=27 November 2012|work=[[Market for Home Computing and Video Games]]|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref> The Redstone update was planned for release in early March 2013 and included new features added to the redstone [[ore]] in the game. ''Minecraft'' 1.5 has released hoppers, droppers, and more.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mojang.com/2013/03/minecraft-1-5-is-published/|title=Minecraft 1.5 is Published!|first=Jens|last=Bergensten|publisher=Mojang|date=13 March 2013}}</ref>

=== 2013 ===
In April 2013, Lydia Winters revealed that MineCon 2013 would be held in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LydiaWinters/status/320922859411230720|title=LydiaWinters: MINECON will be in the US this year. Sorry dear Brits. I'm not coming to scout locations!|first=Lydia|last=Winters|work=[[Twitter]]|date=7 April 2013|accessdate=20 June 2013}}</ref> [[Jens Bergensten]] later said that it would be on the [[East coast of the United States|east coast]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/jeb_/status/324813956302647296|title=jeb_: Sorry it's gonna be on the US east coast|first=Jens|last=Bergensten|work=[[Twitter]]|date=18 April 2013|accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> On 27 June, it was announced on Mojang's YouTube Channel that MineCon 2013 will be held in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>{{cite video|people=Persson, Markus; Geuder, Patrick|title=Where in the World is MINECON 2013?|url=//www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNG_Ayqb-ts|date=27 July 2013}}</ref> The website for the [[Orange County Convention Center]] had listed MineCon as an upcoming event in November, with an attendance of 7,500,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.occc.net/Global/calendar.asp#11|title=OCCC Calendar Of Events - July 2013 Through December 2013|publisher=Orange County Convention Center |accessdate=4 July 2013}}</ref> but then removed the event from the web page.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.occc.net/Global/calendar.asp#11|title=OCCC Calendar Of Events - July 2013 Through December 2013|publisher=Orange County Convention Center|accessdate=17 July 2013}}</ref> Tickets went on sale in three batches each of 2,500 tickets on 31 July, 2 August, and 3 August. The first batch of 2,500 tickets sold out in three seconds according to Mojang [[Chief operating officer|COO]] Vu Bui.<ref name=3sec>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/vubui/status/362712206640562177|title=vubui: Official numbers now in. #MINECON tickets, batch 1... 2500 tickets sold in 3 seconds.|first=Vu|last=Bui|work=[[Twitter]]|date=31 July 2013}}</ref> The event took place on 2 and 3 November.

=== 2014 ===
On 30 March 2014, Lydia Winters revealed in a tweet that MineCon 2014 would be held in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LydiaWinters/status/450374452383977472|title=LydiaWinters: It's in Europe this year... but maybe next year|first=Lydia|last=Winters|work=[[Twitter]]|date=30 March 2014}}</ref> However, on August 21, 2014, COO of Mojang, Vu Bui, created a blog post, stating that there would be no MineCon 2014, but instead the next MineCon would be in Spring 2015 in London.<ref>https://mojang.com/2014/08/minecon-2015/</ref>

===2015===
{{External media|video1=[//www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIdvjx6kDk4 MineCon 2015 Opening Ceremony Animation]}}

[[File:MineCon2015ExpoHall.jpg|thumb|right|The Expo Hall at MineCon 2015]]
On 2 February 2015, Vu Bui announced MineCon 2015 would be held in [[London]], at the [[ExCeL London|ExCeL London Exhibition and Conference Centre]] on 4–5 July 2015.<ref>https://mojang.com/2015/02/minecon-2015-announced/</ref> Ticket prices were announced on March 18, 2015 and were set at £129. During the opening ceremony on 4 July 2015 it was announced by [[Guinness World Records]] that MineCon won the world record for the a convention that is for selling 10,000 tickets which is the most attendance for a convention that is solely for one game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/387749-largest-convention-for-a-single-videogame|title=Largest convention for a single videogame|publisher=[[Guinness World Records]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/minecon-2015-sets-world-record-for-being-biggest-convention-for-a-single-game|publisher=[[IGN.com]]|title=MineCon 2015 Sets World Record for Being Biggest Convention for a Single Game|date=6 July 2015|first1=Cassidee|last1=Moser}}</ref>

== MineCon capes ==
At each MineCon, attendees received an exclusive in-game cape. In 2011, attendees received a red cape with a Creeper face in the center, chosen in a vote by the community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mojang.com/2011/09/minecon-speakers-the-yogscast/|title=MineCon speakers: The Yogscast|first=Lydia|last=Winters|date=27 September 2011|publisher=Mojang|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> In 2012, a dark blue<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mollstam/status/269141575110639617|title=mollstam: Capes for MINECON attendees will be given when the event starts to have as a memory. They are pretty and blue.|first=Tobias|last=Möllstam|work=[[Twitter]]|date=15 November 2012}}</ref> cape with a golden pickaxe in the center, which was spoiled in [[Curse, Inc.|Curse]]'s "Swag Bag" video.<ref>{{cite video|people=Ferguson, Lindsay|title=Minecon 2012- Swag Bag|url=//www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwCxyyITeQc&t=69s|date=23 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/1575374-|title=Could this be the Minecon 2012 Cape? :O|author=Flosstradamus|publisher=Minecraft Forums|date=24 November 2012|accessdate=16 May 2014}}</ref> In 2013, a jade green cape with an elevated piston in the center.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mollstam/status/395505852188487680|title=mollstam: E-mails with Minecon 2013 capes have started to go out! Sent to the address used for purchasing tickets.|first=Tobias|last=Möllstam|work=[[Twitter]]|date=30 October 2013}}</ref> In 2015, a dark cyan cape with the face of an Iron Golem.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://minecon.mojang.com}}
* [http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/MineCon MineCon article on the Minecraft wiki]
* [http://mineconparis.tumblr.com/ Official MineCon 2012 Tumblr]
* [http://mineconorlando.tumblr.com Official MineCon 2013 Tumblr]

{{Mojang}}
{{Video Game Trade Shows}}

[[Category:Annual events]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 2010]]
[[Category:Video game conventions]]
[[Category:Minecraft]]

Santal (Volk)

2015-11-23T15:19:47Z

Mscuthbert: Reverted 1 good faith edit by 111.92.33.76 using STiki

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = '''Santhals'''
|pop = 6,850,000-6,950,000
|region1 = India
|region2 = {{spaces|14}}[[Jharkhand]]
|pop2 = 2,410,509<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_jharkhand.pdf
|title = Jharkhand: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes| accessdate = 2010-01-10 | last = | first = | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India |format=PDF}}</ref>
|region3 = {{spaces|14}}[[West Bengal]]
|pop3 = 2,280,540<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_westbengal.pdf
|title = West Bengal: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes| accessdate = 2010-01-10 | last = | first = | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India |format=PDF}}</ref>
|region4 = {{spaces|14}}[[Bihar]]
|pop4 = 367,612<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_st_bihar.pdf
|title = Bihar: Data Highlights the Scheduled Tribes| accessdate = 2010-01-10 | last = | first = | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India |format=PDF}}</ref>
|region5 ={{spaces|14}}[[Odisha]]
|pop5 =629,782
|region6 = {{spaces|14}}[[Nepal]]
|pop6 = 42,698<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.tribalzone.net/language/santali.htm
|title = Santali: Also spoken in Nepal
|accessdate = 2011-04-01}}</ref>
|region7 ={{spaces|14}}[[Jhapa District]]
|pop7 = 23,172
|region8 ={{spaces|14}}[[Morang District]]
|pop8 = 16,387
|region9 ={{space|14}}[[Assam]]
|pop9 = 800,000-900,000
|languages = [[Santali language|Santali]]
|Script = [[Ol-Chiki]]
|religions = [[Sariism -Sari Dharam]] {{•}}[[Sarnaism]] {{•}} [[Hinduism]] {{•}} [[Christianity]]
|related = [[Munda people|Mundas]] {{•}} [[Ho people|Hos]] {{•}} [[Kol people|Kols]] {{•}} other [[Austroasiatic languages|Mon-Khmer people]]
}}
[[File:163 Museu de la Música, dhodro banam, violins indis.jpg|thumb|''Dhodro banam'' musical instruments]]
The '''Santhal''' or '''Satar''' in [[Nepal]] (also spelled as '''Santal''', and formerly also spelt as '''Sontal''' or '''Sonthal''') are a [[scheduled tribe]] of indigenous to [[Terai]] of Nepal and [[India]], who live mainly in Nepal and the Indian States of [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Odisha]], and [[Assam]]. There is also a significant Santhal minority in neighboring [[Bangladesh]], and a small population in Nepal (known as '''Satar''' in Nepal). They are one of the largest [[Adivasi|tribal]] community in [[India]]. The Santhals mostly speak [[Santali language|Santali]], a member of the [[Munda language]] family.

==Santali Language==
The Reverend J. Phillips published 'An Introduction to the Santal Language' in 1852, printed at the Calcutta School - Book Society's Press.

[[Lars Olsen Skrefsrud]], a Norwegian missionary and a language researcher, published 'A Grammar of Santali Language' in 1873.

[[Paul Olaf Bodding]] (born Gjøvik, Norway on 2 November 1865, died Odense, Denmark on 25 September 1938) was a Norwegian missionary, linguist and folklorist. He served in India for 44 years (1889–1933), and operated mainly from the town Dumka in the Santal Parganas-district. Bodding created the first alphabet and wrote the first grammar for the Santali-speaking native people in eastern India. In 1914 he also completed the translation of the Bible into the [[Santali language|Santali Language.]]

In about 1925 [[Raghunath Murmu]] created [[Ol Chiki]] script for the [[Santhali language|Santali Language.]]

==Religion==
One of the most studied [[tribal religions in India]], the Santhal religion worships ''Marang buru'', or ''Bonga'', as the Supreme Deity. The weight of belief, however, falls on a court of spirits (''Bonga''), who handle different aspects of the world and who are placated with prayers and offerings in order to ward off evil influences. These spirits operate at the village, household, ancestor, and sub-clan level, along with evil spirits that cause disease and can inhabit village boundaries, mountains, water, tigers, and the forest. A characteristic feature of the Santhal village is a sacred [[grove (nature)|grove]] (known as the ''[[Jaher]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaher Worshiping Place of Santals|url=http://india-portrayed.blogspot.in/2008/08/jaher-worshiping-place-of-santals.html|accessdate=2014-09-27}}</ref> or "Santal Sthal") on the edge of the settlement where many spirits live and where a series of annual festivals take place.<ref name=tr>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/india/57.htm|title=The Green Revolution in India|work=U.S. Library of Congress (released in [[public domain]])|title=Library of Congress Country Studies|accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref>

A yearly round of rituals connected with the agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involve petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other tribes of northeast and central India such as the [[Kharia people|Kharia]], [[Munda people|Munda]], and [[Oraon]].<ref name=tr/>

Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy less well documented, described as animism or a generalized worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santhal religion, religious specialists are drawn from the village or family and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and coordinating rituals.<ref name=tr/>

==Santhali culture==
[[Chadar Badar]], a form of puppetry known also as Santhal puppetry, is a folk show involving wooden puppets placed in a small cage which acts as the stage.The Santal traditionally accompany many of their dances with two drums: the Tamak‘ and the Tumdak’.<ref name="Chadar Badar">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110107/jsp/jharkhand/story_13400270.jsp | title=Chadar Badar | publisher=Telegraph | date=2015 | accessdate=2015-03-22}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Archer, W. G. The Hill of Flutes: Life, Love, and Poetry in Tribal India: A Portrait of the Santals. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1974.
* [[Paul Olaf Bodding|Bodding, P. O]]. Santal Folk Tales. Cambridge, Mass.: H. Aschehoug; Harvard University Press, 1925.
* [[Paul Olaf Bodding|Bodding, P. O]]. Santal Riddles and Witchcraft among the Santals. Oslo: A. W. Brøggers, 1940.
* [[Paul Olaf Bodding|Bodding, P. O]]. A Santal Dictionary (5 volumes), 1933-36 Oslo: J. Dybwad, 1929.
* [[Paul Olaf Bodding|Bodding, P. O]]. Materials for a Santali Grammar I, Dumka 1922
* [[Paul Olaf Bodding|Bodding, P. O]]. Studies in Santal Medicine and Connected Folklore (3 volumes), 1925–40
* Bompas, Cecil Henry, and [[Paul Olaf Bodding|Bodding, P. O]]. Folklore of the Santal Parganas. London: D. Nutt, 1909. [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11938 Full text at Project Gutenberg].
* Chakrabarti, Dr. Byomkes, A Comparative Study of Santali and Bengali, KP Bagchi, Calcutta, 1994
* Culshaw, W. J. Tribal Heritage; a Study of the Santals. London: Lutterworth Press, 1949.
* [[Edward Duyker]] Tribal Guerrillas: The Santals of West Bengal and the Naxalite Movement, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 201, SBN 19 561938 2.
* [[Timotheas Hembrom|Hembrom. T]], The Santals: Anthropological-Theological Reflections on Santali & Biblical Creation Traditions. 1st ed. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 1996.
* Orans, Martin. "The Santal; a Tribe in Search of a Great Tradition." Based on thesis, University of Chicago., Wayne State University Press, 1965.
* Prasad, Onkar. Santal Music: A Study in Pattern and Process of Cultural Persistence, Tribal Studies of India Series; T 115. New Delhi: Inter-India Publications, 1985.
* Roy Chaudhury, Indu. Folk Tales of the Santals. 1st ed. Folk Tales of India Series, 13. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1973.
* Troisi, J. The Santals: A Classified and Annotated Bibliography. New Delhi: Manohar Book Service, 1976.
* ———. Tribal Religion: Religious Beliefs and Practices among the Santals. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Santhal}}
* [http://livelystories.com/2013/06/14/santhal-rebellion-part-i-the-begining/ Santal Rebellion]
* [http://www.santalengineers.org Santal Engineers' Welfare Association - Working for all round development of Adivasi]
* [http://aiswacs.org.in/ All India Santal Welfare and Cultural Society]
* [http://www.tribalarts.com/feature/santal/ Santal Arts]
* [http://www.frazadelic.com/Santhal.html Santal Dance]
* [http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/young-generation-indias-adivasis-struggles-tough-problems-other-youth-do-not-have Boro Baski: Santal worries]
* [http://www.daricha.org/tribes.aspx?ID=TR140630204053&Name=Santals Santal culture on Daricha Foundation website (Kolkata)]
* [http://www.daricha.org/sub_genre.aspx?ID=92&Tribes=Santals&Name=Banam Banam The bowed music instrument played by the Santals]
* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
* [[hdl:10050/00-0000-0000-0003-A6AF-2@view|http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-A6AF-2@view]] Santali language in RWAAI Digital Archive

{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}
{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Tribes of Jharkhand}}
{{Scheduled tribes in Orissa}}
{{Scheduled tribes of West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}

[[Category:Santhal| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]
[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Social groups in Odisha]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools of Indian painting]]

Brevis

2015-01-04T17:53:43Z

Mscuthbert: Neue Image der Doppelganze ohne Unisonform.

{{Begriffsklärungshinweis}}
[[Datei:Breve notation.png|miniatur|Drei Notationen der Brevis]]
Die '''Brevis''' oder '''Doppelganze''' bezeichnet in der [[Notation (Musik)]] einen Notenwert von normalerweise zwei [[Ganze Note|ganzen Noten]]. Die Schreibweise als quer liegendes Rechteck stammt aus der [[Mensuralnotation]], in dieser Zeit konnte die Brevis unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen auch dreimal so lang sein wie der nächstkleinere Notenwert. Daneben ist heute auch die Schreibweise einer von zwei senkrechten Strichen eingerahmten [[ganze Note|ganzen Note]] gebräuchlich. Zwei eng nebeneinander liegende ganze Noten bezeichnen dagegen nur die Tondauer einer ganzen Note, und zwar dann, wenn (auf Streichinstrumenten) ein Ton als [[Doppelgriff]] auf zwei Saiten gleichzeitig gespielt werden soll oder wenn sich zwei verschiedene Stimmen, die in einer Notenzeile notiert sind, im Einklang ([[Prime]]) treffen.

== Siehe auch ==

* [[Alla breve]]

== Weblinks ==

* ''[http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textd/Doppelganze.html Doppelganze]'' (deutsch/englisch), ''Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary'', ''Department of Music'', ''[[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]''

[[Kategorie:Schriftzeichen (Notenschrift)]]
[[Kategorie:Notenwert]]