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Jean Tatlock

2023-07-07T13:18:04Z

Megb64:

{{Short description|American Communist activist (1914–1944)}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Jean Frances Tatlock
|image = Jean Tatlock.png
|image_size =
|caption = Tatlock c. 1940
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|2|21}}
|birth_place = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], U.S.
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1944|1|4|1914|2|21}}
|death_place = [[San Francisco, California]], U.S.
|body_discovered =
|death_cause = Suicide
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates = 
|other_names =
|known_for =
|alma_mater = {{hlist|[[Vassar College]]|[[University of California, Berkeley]]|[[Stanford University]]}}
|employer =
|occupation = Psychiatrist
|party = [[Communist Party of the United States of America]]
|opponents =
|boards =
|spouse =
|partner =
|children =
|parents = [[John Strong Perry Tatlock]] (father)
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jean Frances Tatlock''' (February 21, 1914 – January 4, 1944) was an American [[psychiatrist]] and [[physician]]. She was a member of the [[Communist Party of the United States of America]] and was a reporter and writer for the party's publication ''[[Western Worker]]''. She is also known for her romantic relationship with [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], the director of the [[Manhattan Project]]'s [[Los Alamos Laboratory]] during [[World War II]].

The daughter of [[John Strong Perry Tatlock]], a prominent Old English [[Philology|philologist]] and an expert on [[Geoffrey Chaucer]], Tatlock was a graduate of [[Vassar College]] and the [[Stanford Medical School]], where she studied to become a psychiatrist. Tatlock began seeing Oppenheimer in 1936, when she was a graduate student at Stanford and Oppenheimer was a professor of [[physics]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. As a result of their relationship and her membership of the Communist Party, she was placed under surveillance by the [[FBI]] and her phone was [[telephone tapping|tapped]].

Tatlock had [[clinical depression]] and died by suicide on January 4, 1944.

==Early life==
Jean Frances Tatlock was born in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], on February 21, 1914,<ref name=96-HC-1931-PLUS-1930USCensus>{{cite journal |url=https://archive.org/stream/1896report08harvuoft/1896report08harvuoft_djvu.txt |access-date=November 6, 2016 |title='96 Harvard College – Class 1896 |journal=Harvard College: Class of 1896 Thirty-fifth Anniversary Report |location=Norwood, Massachusetts |publisher=-Plimpton Press |issue=VIII |date=June 1931}}</ref> the second child of [[John Strong Perry Tatlock]] and his wife Marjorie {{nee}} Fenton. She had an older brother named Hugh, who became a [[physician]].<ref name="Streshinsky and Klaus, p. 7">Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 7.</ref> Her father, who had a [[PhD]] from [[Harvard University]], was a noted and acclaimed professor of English at the [[University of Michigan]]; an Old English [[Philology|philologist]]; an expert on [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] and English plays, poems, and [[Elizabethan literature]]; and author of approximately 60 books on those subjects, including ''The Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'' (1912) and ''The Mind and Art of Chaucer'' (1950).<ref name="Streshinsky and Klaus, p. 7" /><ref name = KashnerS-JM-p65>Kashner and MacNair, ''The Bad & the Beautiful'', p. 65.</ref> John Tatlock was a professor of English at Stanford from 1915 to 1925, and Harvard from 1925 to 1929,<ref name=96-HC-1931-PLUS-1930USCensus /> before returning to the [[Bay Area]] as a professor of English at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>"Between the wars: 1914–45". ''Sandstone & Tile''. Winter/Spring 2002. Stanford Historical Society. Volume 26, No. 1.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hart |first=W. M. |first2=I. M. |last2=Linforth |last3=B. H. |first3=Lehman |year=1948 |url=http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb9p300969&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00023&toc.depth=1&toc.id= |title=John Strong Perry Tatlock, English: Berkeley |publisher=University of California |access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 23, 40–41, 51.</ref>

Tatlock attended [[Cambridge Rindge and Latin School]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]],<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 39.</ref> and Williams College in Berkeley.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 60.</ref> In 1930, she entered [[Vassar College]].<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 85.</ref> She graduated in 1935, and returned to Berkeley, where she took courses to complete the prerequisites for [[Stanford Medical School]], and was a reporter and writer for the ''Western Worker'', the [[Communist Party of America]]'s organ on the [[West Coast of the United States]].<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 94.</ref> She was accepted into Stanford Medical School (then located in San Francisco), where she studied to become a psychiatrist.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 96.</ref> She graduated from Stanford with the class of 1941,<ref>''Stanford University Yearbook — 1941'', School of Medicine, [[Stanford University]], p. 176.</ref> and completed her [[Internship (medicine)|internship]] at [[St. Elizabeths Hospital]] in [[Washington, D.C.]],<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 140.</ref> and [[Residency (medicine)|residency]] at the Department of Psychiatry at Mount Zion Hospital (now a campus of the [[University of California, San Francisco Medical Center]]) in San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/8607 |title=Pulitzer Prize-Winning Authors to Discuss Oppenheimer |publisher=[[University of California]] |date=October 23, 2006 |access-date=November 4, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613210000/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/8607 |archive-date=June 13, 2011 }}</ref>

==Romance with Oppenheimer==
Tatlock struggled with her sexuality,<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 76, 104.</ref> at one point writing to a friend that "there was a period when I thought I was homosexual. I still am, in a way, forced to believe it, but really, logically, I am sure that I can't be because of my un-masculinity."<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 68.</ref> She began seeing [[Robert Oppenheimer]] in 1936, when she was a graduate student and Oppenheimer was a professor of [[physics]] at Berkeley.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 105</ref> They met through his landlady, [[Mary Ellen Washburn]], who was also a member of the Communist Party, when Washburn held a fund raiser for communist-backed [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republicans]]. The couple started dating and reportedly had a passionate relationship; he proposed to her twice, but she refused.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 118.</ref><ref name=Herken-P-29>Herken, ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'', p. 29.</ref> Tatlock is credited with introducing Oppenheimer to radical politics during the late 1930s,<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 114.</ref> and to people involved with, or sympathetic to the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] or related groups, such as [[Rudy Lambert]] and [[Thomas Addis]].<ref name=Herken-P-29 /> The couple continued seeing each other after he became involved with [[Katherine Oppenheimer|Kitty Harrison]], whom he married on November 1, 1940. Oppenheimer and Tatlock spent the New Year together in 1941, and once met at [[Mark Hopkins Hotel]] in San Francisco.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 131, 138.</ref>

Oppenheimer's association with Tatlock's friends was used as evidence against him during his [[Oppenheimer security hearing|1954 security hearing]].<ref>Evans, Ward V. [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/opp01.asp "Findings and Recommendations of the Personnel Security Board in the Matter of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer"], United States Atomic Energy Commission (c/o Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law Library, Yale Law School). May 27, 1954.</ref><ref name = "Smyth">Smyth, Henry D. [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/opp06.asp "Decision and Opinions of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in the Matter of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer"] (c/o Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law Library, Yale Law School). June 29, 1954.</ref> In a letter to Major General [[Kenneth D. Nichols]], General Manager, [[United States Atomic Energy Commission]], dated March 4, 1954, Oppenheimer described their association as follows:

{{blockquote|In the spring of 1936, I had been introduced by friends to Jean Tatlock, the daughter of a noted professor of English at the university; and in the autumn, I began to court her, and we grew close to each other. We were at least twice close enough to marriage to think of ourselves as engaged. Between 1939 and her death in 1944 I saw her very rarely. She told me about her [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] memberships; they were on again, off again affairs, and never seemed to provide for her what she was seeking. I do not believe that her interests were really political. She loved this country and its people and its life. She was, as it turned out, a friend of many fellow travelers and Communists, with a number of whom I was later to become acquainted.

I should not give the impression that it was wholly because of Jean Tatlock that I made leftwing friends, or felt sympathy for causes which hitherto would have seemed so remote from me, like the Loyalist cause in Spain, and the organization of migratory workers. I have mentioned some of the other contributing causes. I liked the new sense of companionship, and at the time felt that I was coming to be part of the life of my time and country.<ref>Personal correspondence, J. Robert Oppenheimer to Kenneth D. Nichols, March 4, 1954, in: [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesatom007206mbp ''United States Atomic Energy Commission In The Matter Of J.Robert Oppenheimer'']. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954, p. 8.</ref>}}

While some historians believe that Oppenheimer had an extramarital affair with Tatlock while he was working on the [[Manhattan Project]],<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 143–144.</ref> others assert he met with Tatlock only once after he was picked to head the [[Los Alamos Laboratory]] in mid-June 1943.<ref name = Herken-P-101-102>Herken, ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'', pp. 101–102.</ref> On June 14, 1943,<ref name="Huffington Post" /> Oppenheimer was in Berkeley to recruit [[David Hawkins (philosopher)|David Hawkins]] as an administrative assistant.<ref name="Restricted Data">{{cite web |url=http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2015/12/11/the-curious-death-of-oppenheimers-mistress/ |title=The curious death of Oppenheimer's mistress |first=Alex |last=Wellerstein |author-link=Alex Wellerstein |date=December 11, 2015 |access-date=January 10, 2017 |publisher=Restricted Data }}</ref> They went to a Mexican restaurant in her green 1935 Plymouth coupe, and spent the night together at her San Francisco apartment at 1405 [[Montgomery Street]]. All the while, U.S. Army agents, waiting in the street outside, had them under surveillance.<ref name="Huffington Post">{{cite news |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=4 November 2013 |first=Shirley |last=Streshinsky |first2=Patricia |last2=Klaus |title=The Day That Could Have Brought Down Robert Oppenheimer |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shirley-streshinsky/the-day-that-could-have-b_b_4274182.html |access-date=January 27, 2017 }}</ref> At that meeting she told him that she still loved him and wanted to be with him.<ref>Smith, and Weiner, ''Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections'', p. 262.</ref><ref>Chafe, ''The Achievement of American Liberalism'', p. 141.</ref> He never saw her again.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 232</ref><ref>Conant, ''109 East Palace'', pp. 193–194.</ref>

Edith Arnstein Jenkins recalled a conversation with Mason Robertson, a good friend of Tatlock's, in which he claimed Tatlock had told him she was lesbian. It is plausible that Tatlock had a relationship with Mary Ellen Washburn. As a [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]] in the 1940s, she saw her homosexuality as a pathological condition to be overcome, which may have led to her eventual suicide.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', pp. 251-252.</ref><ref>Jenkins, ''Against a Field Sinister'', p. 28.</ref>

==Death==
Tatlock had severe [[clinical depression]], and was being treated at [[UCSF Medical Center#Mount Zion|Mount Zion]].<ref name = "Herken-P-101-102" /> At around 1 pm on January 5, 1944, her father arrived at her apartment at 1405 Montgomery Street. When there was no response to his ringing the doorbell, he climbed in through a window.<ref name = KashnerS-JM-p65 /><ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 250">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 250.</ref> He found her dead, lying on a pile of cushions in the bathroom, with her head submerged in the partly-filled bathtub.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Letters to the Editor: "Comment on book review of: ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'' by Gregg Herken (2003)" |journal=American Journal of Physics |date=July 2003 |volume=71 |issue=7 |page=647 |doi=10.1119/1.1579499|last1=Herken |first1=Gregg |author-link=Gregg Herken |bibcode=2003AmJPh..71..647H }}</ref><ref name = "Crease">Serber and Crease, ''Peace & War'', p. 86.</ref><ref name = "Pais">Pais and Crease, ''J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life'', p. 36.</ref><ref name = "Thorpe">Thorpe, ''Oppenheimer: The Tragic Intellect'', p. 55.</ref> There was an unsigned [[suicide note]], which read:

{{blockquote|I am disgusted with everything... To those who loved me and helped me, all love and courage. I wanted to live and to give and I got paralyzed somehow. I tried like hell to understand and couldn't... I think I would have been a liability all my life—at least I could take away the burden of a paralyzed soul from a fighting world.<ref name="Restricted Data" /> }}

Her father found her correspondence and sifted through it, burning letters and photographs in the fireplace. At 5:10 pm he called the Halstead Funeral Home, who contacted the police. The police arrived at 5:30 pm, accompanied by the deputy coroner. At the time of her death she was under surveillance by the [[FBI]], and her phone had been [[telephone tapping|tapped]], so one of the first people informed about it was FBI director [[J. Edgar Hoover]], via a [[Teleprinter|teletype]] link.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 192–194, 198–199</ref> The news of her death was reported in Bay Area newspapers.<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 252">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 252.</ref>

Washburn cabled [[Charlotte Serber]] at Los Alamos.<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 252" /> As the librarian, she had access to the Technical Area, and told her husband, physicist [[Robert Serber]], who then went to inform Oppenheimer. When he reached his office, he found that Oppenheimer already knew.<ref>Conant, ''109 East Place'', pp. 193–194.</ref> The security chief at Los Alamos, Captain [[Peer de Silva]], had received the news through the wiretap and Army Intelligence, and had broken it to Oppenheimer.<ref>Monk, ''Inside the Centre'', pp. 386–387.</ref> Tatlock had introduced Oppenheimer to the poetry of [[John Donne]], and it is widely believed he named the first [[nuclear testing|test of a nuclear weapon]] "[[Trinity site|Trinity]]" in reference to one of Donne's poems, as a tribute to her.<ref name=Herken-P-129>Herken, ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'', p. 129.</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/the-first-light-of-the-trinity-atomic-test |access-date=January 14, 2017 |first=Alex |last=Wellerstein |date=July 16, 2015 |title=The First Light of Trinity }}</ref> In 1962, [[Leslie Groves]] wrote to Oppenheimer about the origin of the name, and elicited this reply:

{{blockquote|I did suggest it... Why I chose the name is not clear, but I know what thoughts were in my mind. There is a poem of John Donne, written just before his death, which I know and love. From it a quotation:

<poem>As West and East
In all flatt Maps—and I am one—are one,
So death doth touch the Resurrection.</poem>

In another, better known devotional poem Donne opens,
:''Batter my heart, three person'd God''.<ref>Rhodes, ''The Making of the Atomic Bomb'', pp. 571–572.</ref>}}

A formal inquest in February 1944 returned a verdict of "Suicide, motive unknown".<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 251">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 251.</ref> In his report, the coroner found that Tatlock had eaten a full meal shortly before her death. She had taken some [[barbiturates]], but not a fatal dose. Traces of [[chloral hydrate]] were found, a drug normally associated with a "[[Mickey Finn (drugs)|Mickey Finn]]" when combined with alcohol, but there was no alcohol in her blood, despite damage to her [[pancreas]] that indicated she was a heavy drinker. As a psychiatrist working in a hospital, she had access to sedatives such as chloral hydrate.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', pp. 249–253.</ref> The coroner found that she had died at around 4:30 pm on January 4. The cause of death was recorded as "acute [[edema]] of the lungs with pulmonary congestion"<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 192</ref> — drowning in the bathtub. It seems likely that she knelt over the bathtub, took chloral hydrate, and plunged her head into the water.<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 253">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 253.</ref>

There has been, at times, speculation by historians and her brother Hugh as to whether her death was truly a [[suicide]], as there were some suspicious circumstances. The [[conspiracy theory]] that she was murdered by intelligence agents working for the Manhattan Project was bolstered by the 1975 [[Church Committee]], which revealed details of assassinations carried out by American intelligence agencies,<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 253" /> and was depicted in the fictional TV series ''[[Manhattan (TV series)|Manhattan]]''.<ref name="Restricted Data" /> One doctor observed that: "If you were clever and wanted to kill someone, this is the way to do it."<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 253"/>

Tatlock's father had her remains [[cremated]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/find-a-grave-prod/photos/2014/212/133652819_1406920011.jpg |title=Death certificate – Jean Francis Tatlock |access-date=November 6, 2016 |publisher=Find a Grave |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828011446/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/find-a-grave-prod/photos/2014/212/133652819_1406920011.jpg |archive-date=August 28, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Legacy ==

=== In media ===
[[Florence Pugh]] is set to depict Tatlock in the upcoming 2023 biopic film ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]'' by [[Christopher Nolan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-02 |title=Florence Pugh Walks With Cillian Murphy In Oppenheimer Set Photo |url=https://screenrant.com/oppenheimer-movie-set-photo-florence-pugh-cillian-murphy/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Natasha Richardson]] portrayed Tatlock in the 1989 film ''[[Fat Man and Little Boy]]'' by [[Roland Joffé]].

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bird |first=Kai |author-link=Kai Bird|first2=Martin J. |last2=Sherwin |author-link2=Martin J. Sherwin |title=[[American Prometheus]]: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer|location=New York|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2005|isbn=0-375-41202-6 |oclc=56753298|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Chafe |first=William Henry |author-link=William Chafe |title=The Achievement of American Liberalism: The New Deal and Its Legacies |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-231-11212-2 |oclc=50035078|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Conant |first=Jennet |author-link=Jennet Conant |title=109 East Palace: Robert Oppenheimer and the Secret City of Los Alamos |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=0-7432-5007-9 |oclc=57475908 |url=https://archive.org/details/109eastpalacerob00cona|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Herken |first=Gregg |title=Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller |author-link=Gregg Herken|url=https://archive.org/details/brotherhoodofbom0000herk|url-access=registration|location=New York |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |year=2002 |isbn=0-8050-6588-1 |oclc=48941348|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Edith A. |title=Against a Field Sinister: Memoirs and Stories |year=1991 |location=San Francisco |publisher=City Lights Books |isbn=0-87286-263-1 |oclc=24143150 |url=https://archive.org/details/againstfieldsini00jenkrich |url-access=registration |ref=none }}
* {{cite book|last=Kashner |first=Sam |last2=MacNair |first2=Jennifer |title=The Bad & the Beautiful: Hollywood in the Fifties|url=https://archive.org/details/badbeautifulholl00kash |url-access=registration |year=2002|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-32436-5 |oclc=48817334 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Monk |first=Ray |author-link=Ray Monk |title=Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center |year=2012 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York; Toronto |isbn=978-0-385-50407-2 |oclc=828190062 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Pais |first=Abraham |author-link=Abraham Pais |title=J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-19-516673-6 |location=Oxford |oclc=65637244 |url=https://archive.org/details/jrobertoppenheim00pais_0 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rhodes |title=[[The Making of the Atomic Bomb]] |location=New York |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1986 |isbn=0-671-44133-7|oclc=13793436 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Serber |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Serber |last2=Crease |first2=Robert P. |author-link2=Robert P. Crease |title=Peace & War: Reminiscences of a Life on the Frontiers of Science |year=1998 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-231-10546-0 |oclc=37631186 |url=https://archive.org/details/peacewarreminisc00serb |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith|first=Alice Kimball |author-link=Alice Kimball Smith|last2=Weiner |first2=Charles|title=Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections|url=https://archive.org/details/robertoppenheime00oppe|url-access=registration|publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |year=1980 |isbn=0-8047-2620-5 |oclc=5946652 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Streshinsky |first=Shirley |last2=Klaus |first2=Patricia |title=An Atomic Love Story: The Extraordinary Women in Robert Oppenheimer's Life |location=New York |publisher=Turner Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61858-019-1 |oclc=849822662 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Thorpe |first=Charles |title=Oppenheimer: The Tragic Intellect |year=2006 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-79845-3 |oclc=751082388 |ref=none}}
{{refend}}

{{portal bar|biography|communism|psychiatry|World War II}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tatlock, Jean}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1944 suicides]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ann Arbor, Michigan]]
[[Category:Vassar College alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Physicians from California]]
[[Category:American women psychiatrists]]
[[Category:American psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Stanford University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:American communists]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning in the United States]]
[[Category:Cambridge Rindge and Latin School alumni]]
[[Category:Bisexual women]]
[[Category:J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
[[Category:Members of the Communist Party USA]]
[[Category:Communist women writers]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Michigan]]
[[Category:20th-century American physicians]]

Jean Tatlock

2023-07-07T13:17:44Z

Megb64: minor copyedits

{{Short description|American Communist activist (1914–1944)}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Jean Frances Tatlock
|image = Jean Tatlock.png
|image_size =
|caption = Tatlock c. 1940
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|2|21}}
|birth_place = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], U.S.
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1944|1|4|1914|2|21}}
|death_place = [[San Francisco, California]], U.S.
|body_discovered =
|death_cause = Suicide
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates = 
|other_names =
|known_for =
|alma_mater = {{hlist|[[Vassar College]]|[[University of California, Berkeley]]|[[Stanford University]]}}
|employer =
|occupation = Psychiatrist
|party = [[Communist Party of the United States of America]]
|opponents =
|boards =
|spouse =
|partner =
|children =
|parents = [[John Strong Perry Tatlock]] (father)
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jean Frances Tatlock''' (February 21, 1914 – January 4, 1944) was an American [[psychiatrist]] and [[physician]]. She was a member of the [[Communist Party of the United States of America]] and was a reporter and writer for the party's publication ''Western Worker''. She is also known for her romantic relationship with [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], the director of the [[Manhattan Project]]'s [[Los Alamos Laboratory]] during [[World War II]].

The daughter of [[John Strong Perry Tatlock]], a prominent Old English [[Philology|philologist]] and an expert on [[Geoffrey Chaucer]], Tatlock was a graduate of [[Vassar College]] and the [[Stanford Medical School]], where she studied to become a psychiatrist. Tatlock began seeing Oppenheimer in 1936, when she was a graduate student at Stanford and Oppenheimer was a professor of [[physics]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. As a result of their relationship and her membership of the Communist Party, she was placed under surveillance by the [[FBI]] and her phone was [[telephone tapping|tapped]].

Tatlock had [[clinical depression]] and died by suicide on January 4, 1944.

==Early life==
Jean Frances Tatlock was born in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], on February 21, 1914,<ref name=96-HC-1931-PLUS-1930USCensus>{{cite journal |url=https://archive.org/stream/1896report08harvuoft/1896report08harvuoft_djvu.txt |access-date=November 6, 2016 |title='96 Harvard College – Class 1896 |journal=Harvard College: Class of 1896 Thirty-fifth Anniversary Report |location=Norwood, Massachusetts |publisher=-Plimpton Press |issue=VIII |date=June 1931}}</ref> the second child of [[John Strong Perry Tatlock]] and his wife Marjorie {{nee}} Fenton. She had an older brother named Hugh, who became a [[physician]].<ref name="Streshinsky and Klaus, p. 7">Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 7.</ref> Her father, who had a [[PhD]] from [[Harvard University]], was a noted and acclaimed professor of English at the [[University of Michigan]]; an Old English [[Philology|philologist]]; an expert on [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] and English plays, poems, and [[Elizabethan literature]]; and author of approximately 60 books on those subjects, including ''The Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'' (1912) and ''The Mind and Art of Chaucer'' (1950).<ref name="Streshinsky and Klaus, p. 7" /><ref name = KashnerS-JM-p65>Kashner and MacNair, ''The Bad & the Beautiful'', p. 65.</ref> John Tatlock was a professor of English at Stanford from 1915 to 1925, and Harvard from 1925 to 1929,<ref name=96-HC-1931-PLUS-1930USCensus /> before returning to the [[Bay Area]] as a professor of English at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>"Between the wars: 1914–45". ''Sandstone & Tile''. Winter/Spring 2002. Stanford Historical Society. Volume 26, No. 1.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hart |first=W. M. |first2=I. M. |last2=Linforth |last3=B. H. |first3=Lehman |year=1948 |url=http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb9p300969&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00023&toc.depth=1&toc.id= |title=John Strong Perry Tatlock, English: Berkeley |publisher=University of California |access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 23, 40–41, 51.</ref>

Tatlock attended [[Cambridge Rindge and Latin School]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]],<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 39.</ref> and Williams College in Berkeley.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 60.</ref> In 1930, she entered [[Vassar College]].<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 85.</ref> She graduated in 1935, and returned to Berkeley, where she took courses to complete the prerequisites for [[Stanford Medical School]], and was a reporter and writer for the ''Western Worker'', the [[Communist Party of America]]'s organ on the [[West Coast of the United States]].<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 94.</ref> She was accepted into Stanford Medical School (then located in San Francisco), where she studied to become a psychiatrist.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 96.</ref> She graduated from Stanford with the class of 1941,<ref>''Stanford University Yearbook — 1941'', School of Medicine, [[Stanford University]], p. 176.</ref> and completed her [[Internship (medicine)|internship]] at [[St. Elizabeths Hospital]] in [[Washington, D.C.]],<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 140.</ref> and [[Residency (medicine)|residency]] at the Department of Psychiatry at Mount Zion Hospital (now a campus of the [[University of California, San Francisco Medical Center]]) in San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/8607 |title=Pulitzer Prize-Winning Authors to Discuss Oppenheimer |publisher=[[University of California]] |date=October 23, 2006 |access-date=November 4, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613210000/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/8607 |archive-date=June 13, 2011 }}</ref>

==Romance with Oppenheimer==
Tatlock struggled with her sexuality,<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 76, 104.</ref> at one point writing to a friend that "there was a period when I thought I was homosexual. I still am, in a way, forced to believe it, but really, logically, I am sure that I can't be because of my un-masculinity."<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 68.</ref> She began seeing [[Robert Oppenheimer]] in 1936, when she was a graduate student and Oppenheimer was a professor of [[physics]] at Berkeley.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 105</ref> They met through his landlady, [[Mary Ellen Washburn]], who was also a member of the Communist Party, when Washburn held a fund raiser for communist-backed [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republicans]]. The couple started dating and reportedly had a passionate relationship; he proposed to her twice, but she refused.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 118.</ref><ref name=Herken-P-29>Herken, ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'', p. 29.</ref> Tatlock is credited with introducing Oppenheimer to radical politics during the late 1930s,<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 114.</ref> and to people involved with, or sympathetic to the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] or related groups, such as [[Rudy Lambert]] and [[Thomas Addis]].<ref name=Herken-P-29 /> The couple continued seeing each other after he became involved with [[Katherine Oppenheimer|Kitty Harrison]], whom he married on November 1, 1940. Oppenheimer and Tatlock spent the New Year together in 1941, and once met at [[Mark Hopkins Hotel]] in San Francisco.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 131, 138.</ref>

Oppenheimer's association with Tatlock's friends was used as evidence against him during his [[Oppenheimer security hearing|1954 security hearing]].<ref>Evans, Ward V. [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/opp01.asp "Findings and Recommendations of the Personnel Security Board in the Matter of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer"], United States Atomic Energy Commission (c/o Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law Library, Yale Law School). May 27, 1954.</ref><ref name = "Smyth">Smyth, Henry D. [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/opp06.asp "Decision and Opinions of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in the Matter of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer"] (c/o Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law Library, Yale Law School). June 29, 1954.</ref> In a letter to Major General [[Kenneth D. Nichols]], General Manager, [[United States Atomic Energy Commission]], dated March 4, 1954, Oppenheimer described their association as follows:

{{blockquote|In the spring of 1936, I had been introduced by friends to Jean Tatlock, the daughter of a noted professor of English at the university; and in the autumn, I began to court her, and we grew close to each other. We were at least twice close enough to marriage to think of ourselves as engaged. Between 1939 and her death in 1944 I saw her very rarely. She told me about her [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] memberships; they were on again, off again affairs, and never seemed to provide for her what she was seeking. I do not believe that her interests were really political. She loved this country and its people and its life. She was, as it turned out, a friend of many fellow travelers and Communists, with a number of whom I was later to become acquainted.

I should not give the impression that it was wholly because of Jean Tatlock that I made leftwing friends, or felt sympathy for causes which hitherto would have seemed so remote from me, like the Loyalist cause in Spain, and the organization of migratory workers. I have mentioned some of the other contributing causes. I liked the new sense of companionship, and at the time felt that I was coming to be part of the life of my time and country.<ref>Personal correspondence, J. Robert Oppenheimer to Kenneth D. Nichols, March 4, 1954, in: [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesatom007206mbp ''United States Atomic Energy Commission In The Matter Of J.Robert Oppenheimer'']. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954, p. 8.</ref>}}

While some historians believe that Oppenheimer had an extramarital affair with Tatlock while he was working on the [[Manhattan Project]],<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 143–144.</ref> others assert he met with Tatlock only once after he was picked to head the [[Los Alamos Laboratory]] in mid-June 1943.<ref name = Herken-P-101-102>Herken, ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'', pp. 101–102.</ref> On June 14, 1943,<ref name="Huffington Post" /> Oppenheimer was in Berkeley to recruit [[David Hawkins (philosopher)|David Hawkins]] as an administrative assistant.<ref name="Restricted Data">{{cite web |url=http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2015/12/11/the-curious-death-of-oppenheimers-mistress/ |title=The curious death of Oppenheimer's mistress |first=Alex |last=Wellerstein |author-link=Alex Wellerstein |date=December 11, 2015 |access-date=January 10, 2017 |publisher=Restricted Data }}</ref> They went to a Mexican restaurant in her green 1935 Plymouth coupe, and spent the night together at her San Francisco apartment at 1405 [[Montgomery Street]]. All the while, U.S. Army agents, waiting in the street outside, had them under surveillance.<ref name="Huffington Post">{{cite news |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=4 November 2013 |first=Shirley |last=Streshinsky |first2=Patricia |last2=Klaus |title=The Day That Could Have Brought Down Robert Oppenheimer |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shirley-streshinsky/the-day-that-could-have-b_b_4274182.html |access-date=January 27, 2017 }}</ref> At that meeting she told him that she still loved him and wanted to be with him.<ref>Smith, and Weiner, ''Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections'', p. 262.</ref><ref>Chafe, ''The Achievement of American Liberalism'', p. 141.</ref> He never saw her again.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 232</ref><ref>Conant, ''109 East Palace'', pp. 193–194.</ref>

Edith Arnstein Jenkins recalled a conversation with Mason Robertson, a good friend of Tatlock's, in which he claimed Tatlock had told him she was lesbian. It is plausible that Tatlock had a relationship with Mary Ellen Washburn. As a [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]] in the 1940s, she saw her homosexuality as a pathological condition to be overcome, which may have led to her eventual suicide.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', pp. 251-252.</ref><ref>Jenkins, ''Against a Field Sinister'', p. 28.</ref>

==Death==
Tatlock had severe [[clinical depression]], and was being treated at [[UCSF Medical Center#Mount Zion|Mount Zion]].<ref name = "Herken-P-101-102" /> At around 1 pm on January 5, 1944, her father arrived at her apartment at 1405 Montgomery Street. When there was no response to his ringing the doorbell, he climbed in through a window.<ref name = KashnerS-JM-p65 /><ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 250">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 250.</ref> He found her dead, lying on a pile of cushions in the bathroom, with her head submerged in the partly-filled bathtub.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Letters to the Editor: "Comment on book review of: ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'' by Gregg Herken (2003)" |journal=American Journal of Physics |date=July 2003 |volume=71 |issue=7 |page=647 |doi=10.1119/1.1579499|last1=Herken |first1=Gregg |author-link=Gregg Herken |bibcode=2003AmJPh..71..647H }}</ref><ref name = "Crease">Serber and Crease, ''Peace & War'', p. 86.</ref><ref name = "Pais">Pais and Crease, ''J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life'', p. 36.</ref><ref name = "Thorpe">Thorpe, ''Oppenheimer: The Tragic Intellect'', p. 55.</ref> There was an unsigned [[suicide note]], which read:

{{blockquote|I am disgusted with everything... To those who loved me and helped me, all love and courage. I wanted to live and to give and I got paralyzed somehow. I tried like hell to understand and couldn't... I think I would have been a liability all my life—at least I could take away the burden of a paralyzed soul from a fighting world.<ref name="Restricted Data" /> }}

Her father found her correspondence and sifted through it, burning letters and photographs in the fireplace. At 5:10 pm he called the Halstead Funeral Home, who contacted the police. The police arrived at 5:30 pm, accompanied by the deputy coroner. At the time of her death she was under surveillance by the [[FBI]], and her phone had been [[telephone tapping|tapped]], so one of the first people informed about it was FBI director [[J. Edgar Hoover]], via a [[Teleprinter|teletype]] link.<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', pp. 192–194, 198–199</ref> The news of her death was reported in Bay Area newspapers.<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 252">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 252.</ref>

Washburn cabled [[Charlotte Serber]] at Los Alamos.<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 252" /> As the librarian, she had access to the Technical Area, and told her husband, physicist [[Robert Serber]], who then went to inform Oppenheimer. When he reached his office, he found that Oppenheimer already knew.<ref>Conant, ''109 East Place'', pp. 193–194.</ref> The security chief at Los Alamos, Captain [[Peer de Silva]], had received the news through the wiretap and Army Intelligence, and had broken it to Oppenheimer.<ref>Monk, ''Inside the Centre'', pp. 386–387.</ref> Tatlock had introduced Oppenheimer to the poetry of [[John Donne]], and it is widely believed he named the first [[nuclear testing|test of a nuclear weapon]] "[[Trinity site|Trinity]]" in reference to one of Donne's poems, as a tribute to her.<ref name=Herken-P-129>Herken, ''Brotherhood of the Bomb'', p. 129.</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/the-first-light-of-the-trinity-atomic-test |access-date=January 14, 2017 |first=Alex |last=Wellerstein |date=July 16, 2015 |title=The First Light of Trinity }}</ref> In 1962, [[Leslie Groves]] wrote to Oppenheimer about the origin of the name, and elicited this reply:

{{blockquote|I did suggest it... Why I chose the name is not clear, but I know what thoughts were in my mind. There is a poem of John Donne, written just before his death, which I know and love. From it a quotation:

<poem>As West and East
In all flatt Maps—and I am one—are one,
So death doth touch the Resurrection.</poem>

In another, better known devotional poem Donne opens,
:''Batter my heart, three person'd God''.<ref>Rhodes, ''The Making of the Atomic Bomb'', pp. 571–572.</ref>}}

A formal inquest in February 1944 returned a verdict of "Suicide, motive unknown".<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 251">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 251.</ref> In his report, the coroner found that Tatlock had eaten a full meal shortly before her death. She had taken some [[barbiturates]], but not a fatal dose. Traces of [[chloral hydrate]] were found, a drug normally associated with a "[[Mickey Finn (drugs)|Mickey Finn]]" when combined with alcohol, but there was no alcohol in her blood, despite damage to her [[pancreas]] that indicated she was a heavy drinker. As a psychiatrist working in a hospital, she had access to sedatives such as chloral hydrate.<ref>Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', pp. 249–253.</ref> The coroner found that she had died at around 4:30 pm on January 4. The cause of death was recorded as "acute [[edema]] of the lungs with pulmonary congestion"<ref>Streshinsky and Klaus, ''An Atomic Love Story'', p. 192</ref> — drowning in the bathtub. It seems likely that she knelt over the bathtub, took chloral hydrate, and plunged her head into the water.<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 253">Bird and Sherwin, ''American Prometheus'', p. 253.</ref>

There has been, at times, speculation by historians and her brother Hugh as to whether her death was truly a [[suicide]], as there were some suspicious circumstances. The [[conspiracy theory]] that she was murdered by intelligence agents working for the Manhattan Project was bolstered by the 1975 [[Church Committee]], which revealed details of assassinations carried out by American intelligence agencies,<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 253" /> and was depicted in the fictional TV series ''[[Manhattan (TV series)|Manhattan]]''.<ref name="Restricted Data" /> One doctor observed that: "If you were clever and wanted to kill someone, this is the way to do it."<ref name="Bird and Sherwin, p. 253"/>

Tatlock's father had her remains [[cremated]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/find-a-grave-prod/photos/2014/212/133652819_1406920011.jpg |title=Death certificate – Jean Francis Tatlock |access-date=November 6, 2016 |publisher=Find a Grave |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828011446/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/find-a-grave-prod/photos/2014/212/133652819_1406920011.jpg |archive-date=August 28, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Legacy ==

=== In media ===
[[Florence Pugh]] is set to depict Tatlock in the upcoming 2023 biopic film ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]'' by [[Christopher Nolan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-02 |title=Florence Pugh Walks With Cillian Murphy In Oppenheimer Set Photo |url=https://screenrant.com/oppenheimer-movie-set-photo-florence-pugh-cillian-murphy/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Natasha Richardson]] portrayed Tatlock in the 1989 film ''[[Fat Man and Little Boy]]'' by [[Roland Joffé]].

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bird |first=Kai |author-link=Kai Bird|first2=Martin J. |last2=Sherwin |author-link2=Martin J. Sherwin |title=[[American Prometheus]]: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer|location=New York|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2005|isbn=0-375-41202-6 |oclc=56753298|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Chafe |first=William Henry |author-link=William Chafe |title=The Achievement of American Liberalism: The New Deal and Its Legacies |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2002 |isbn=0-231-11212-2 |oclc=50035078|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Conant |first=Jennet |author-link=Jennet Conant |title=109 East Palace: Robert Oppenheimer and the Secret City of Los Alamos |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=0-7432-5007-9 |oclc=57475908 |url=https://archive.org/details/109eastpalacerob00cona|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Herken |first=Gregg |title=Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller |author-link=Gregg Herken|url=https://archive.org/details/brotherhoodofbom0000herk|url-access=registration|location=New York |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |year=2002 |isbn=0-8050-6588-1 |oclc=48941348|ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Edith A. |title=Against a Field Sinister: Memoirs and Stories |year=1991 |location=San Francisco |publisher=City Lights Books |isbn=0-87286-263-1 |oclc=24143150 |url=https://archive.org/details/againstfieldsini00jenkrich |url-access=registration |ref=none }}
* {{cite book|last=Kashner |first=Sam |last2=MacNair |first2=Jennifer |title=The Bad & the Beautiful: Hollywood in the Fifties|url=https://archive.org/details/badbeautifulholl00kash |url-access=registration |year=2002|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-32436-5 |oclc=48817334 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Monk |first=Ray |author-link=Ray Monk |title=Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center |year=2012 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York; Toronto |isbn=978-0-385-50407-2 |oclc=828190062 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Pais |first=Abraham |author-link=Abraham Pais |title=J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-19-516673-6 |location=Oxford |oclc=65637244 |url=https://archive.org/details/jrobertoppenheim00pais_0 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rhodes |title=[[The Making of the Atomic Bomb]] |location=New York |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1986 |isbn=0-671-44133-7|oclc=13793436 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last1=Serber |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Serber |last2=Crease |first2=Robert P. |author-link2=Robert P. Crease |title=Peace & War: Reminiscences of a Life on the Frontiers of Science |year=1998 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-231-10546-0 |oclc=37631186 |url=https://archive.org/details/peacewarreminisc00serb |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith|first=Alice Kimball |author-link=Alice Kimball Smith|last2=Weiner |first2=Charles|title=Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections|url=https://archive.org/details/robertoppenheime00oppe|url-access=registration|publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |year=1980 |isbn=0-8047-2620-5 |oclc=5946652 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Streshinsky |first=Shirley |last2=Klaus |first2=Patricia |title=An Atomic Love Story: The Extraordinary Women in Robert Oppenheimer's Life |location=New York |publisher=Turner Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61858-019-1 |oclc=849822662 |ref=none}}
* {{cite book |last=Thorpe |first=Charles |title=Oppenheimer: The Tragic Intellect |year=2006 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-79845-3 |oclc=751082388 |ref=none}}
{{refend}}

{{portal bar|biography|communism|psychiatry|World War II}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tatlock, Jean}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1944 suicides]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ann Arbor, Michigan]]
[[Category:Vassar College alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Physicians from California]]
[[Category:American women psychiatrists]]
[[Category:American psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Stanford University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:American communists]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning in the United States]]
[[Category:Cambridge Rindge and Latin School alumni]]
[[Category:Bisexual women]]
[[Category:J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
[[Category:Members of the Communist Party USA]]
[[Category:Communist women writers]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Michigan]]
[[Category:20th-century American physicians]]