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Samoa National Rugby Sevens Team

2017-02-07T03:20:30Z

Mattlore: /* External links */ cat

{{About|the men's team|the women's team|Samoa women's national rugby sevens team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox rugby team
| country =Samoa
| image = Logo Samoa Rugby.svg
| union = Samoa Rugby Football Union
| nickname = Manu
| captain = [[Fa’alemiga Selesele]]
| coach = [[Gordon Tietjens]]
| from =
| caps =
| top scorer = [[Uale Mai]] 1174
| most tries = [[Mikaele Pesamino]] 151
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 = _blue_white_stripe_collar
| pattern_ra1 =
| leftarm1 = 0000FF
| body1 = FFFFFF
| rightarm1 = 0000FF
| shorts1 = FFFFFF
| socks1 = 0000FF
| first =
| bigwin =
| bigloss =
| World cup apps = 6
| sevens = yes
| year = 1993
| best = 3rd place, [[1997 Rugby World Cup Sevens|1997]], [[2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens|2009]] champions 2010
}}

The '''Samoa national rugby sevens team''', referred to as the '''Samoa Sevens''' or '''Manu Samoa 7s''', represents [[Samoa]] internationally in [[rugby sevens]]. The team competes in the annual [[World Rugby Sevens Series]], and won the [[2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series|2009–10 World Series]] following a 15-12 victory against [[England national rugby sevens team|England]] in the semi-finals at the [[2010 Edinburgh Sevens]].<ref>[http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/edition=10/fixturesresults.html International Rugby Board, Retrieved 31 May 2010]</ref> Samoa Sevens defeated [[Australia national rugby sevens team|Australia]] in the final and were crowned winners of the 2010 Edinburgh Sevens. The historic victory followed three consecutive tournament wins in the world series, the [[Hong Kong Sevens]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/rugby/article377721.ece/Samoa-win-Honk-Kong-Sevens
|work=Times LIVE
|title=Samoa win Hong Kong Sevens|date=28 March 2010|accessdate=29 March 2010}}</ref> the [[USA Sevens]] and the [[Adelaide Sevens]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/edition=9/news/newsid=2036520.html
|work=International Rugby Board
|title=Superb Samoa wins Adelaide Sevens|date=21 March 2010|accessdate=29 March 2010}}</ref>

Representing the tiny [[Polynesia]]n country of [[Samoa]] with a population of about 180,000 the Samoa Sevens team competes against some of the wealthiest countries in the world.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20378#comment3468
|work=Samoa Observer
|title=A breathtaking achievement
|first=Russell
|last=Hunter
|date=22 March 2010|accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref>

Samoa has played at all [[Rugby World Cup Sevens]] finals tournaments since the championship began in 1993, and won the third-place final in 1997 and 2007. The team has won four [[Oceania Sevens]] titles since the first competition in 2008. Samoa also won all four gold medals at the [[Rugby sevens at the Pacific Games#Men|Pacific Games Sevens]] and [[Rugby sevens at the Pacific Games#Mini|Pacific Mini Games Sevens]] between 2007 and 2013, defeating {{nrut|Fiji}} in the final on each occasion.

[[Rugby union in Samoa]] is governed by the [[Samoa Rugby Football Union]] (SRU) which oversees the Samoa Sevens team and the 15-player [[Samoa national rugby union team|Manu Samoa]] national team.

==History==
The first Samoan sevens team was selected in November 1978 to play at the invitation Hong Kong Sevens under the leadership of former SRU representative captain, Tuatagaloa Keli Tuatagaloa. The team included Rev-Dr Faitala Talapusi as captain, Lemalu Roy Slade (Brisbane) as vice-captain, Rev. Paul Gray (Melbourne), Peter Schmidt, Feausiga Sililoto, Andy Leavasa (USA), Salafuti Patu and others.
[[File:Uganda v Samoa try.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Uganda v Samoa (20 March 2006)]]
In 2007, the team won both the [[Wellington Sevens]] and Hong Kong Sevens. Another past victory was the Hong Kong Sevens in 1993. In 2009, the team made the finals in the [[Dubai Sevens]] but lost to the New Zealand team.

While long a solidly competitive side, the Samoa Sevens emerged as true world contenders in the [[2006-07 IRB Sevens World Series|2006-07 Sevens World Series]], finishing third overall while winning two events. This new team has reached the final four times in a row, playing against series favourite [[Fiji national rugby sevens team|Fiji]].

==Coaches==

The current coach is [[Damian McGrath]]. Past coaches have included [[Lilomaiava Taufusi Salesa]] who trained the 1993 [[Hong Kong Sevens]] winning team. Other notable coaches who have led Samoa to sevens prominence were head coach [[Fuimaono Titimaea Tafua|Fuimaono Titimaea "Dicky" Tafua]] and his assistant [[Galumalemana Rudolph Moors]]. In the 2005 - 2006 IRB Sevens Circuit they managed to qualify to two finals ([[London Sevens|London]] and [[Paris Sevens|Paris]]) but failed to win any. The [[Samoa Sevens]] lost to [[South Africa national rugby sevens team|South Africa]] in London and island rivals [[Fiji national rugby sevens team|Fiji]] at Paris.

Fuimaono resigned from coaching in 2007 to his new post as Secretary to Samoa's Head of State, [[Tufuga Efi|Tupua Tamasese Tufuga Efi]]. He would later return to coaching in 2009 as head coach of the [[Samoa national rugby union team|15s national team]]. Galumalemana took over as coach and after a disappointing team performance in the 2008–09 series was temporarily replaced by Lilomaiava Taufusi Salesa for the final two legs of the series. Stephen Betham was named as Galumalemana successor in 2009.

==Tournament history==

===Summer Olympics===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=10|[[Rugby union at the Summer Olympics|Olympics Games record]]
|-
!Year
!Round
!Position
!{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}}
!{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
!{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
!{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016]]
|colspan="6" rowspan=1|''Did Not Qualify''
|-
|colspan=1|'''Total'''||'''0 Titles'''||'''0/1'''||'''-'''||'''-'''||'''-'''||'''-'''
|}

=== 2009-10 IRB Sevens World Series ===

The itinerary for the [[2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series]];

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! colspan=4 style="border-right:0px;"; | 2009–10 Itinerary<ref name="2009-10 schedule">{{cite press release|url=http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/news/newsid=2032654.html#200910+irb+sevens+world+series+schedule |title=2009/10 IRB Sevens World Series schedule set |publisher=International Rugby Board |date=8 July 2009 |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! width=8%|Leg
! width=10%|Venue
! width=8%|Date
! width=5%|Winner
|-
|| '''[[2009 Dubai Sevens|Dubai]]''' || [[The Sevens (stadium)|The Sevens]] || 4–5 December 2009 ||align=left|{{ru7|NZL}}
|-
|| '''[[2009 South Africa Sevens|South Africa]]''' || [[Outeniqua Park]], [[George, Western Cape|George]] || 11–12 December 2009 ||align=left| {{ru7|NZL}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Wellington Sevens|New Zealand]]''' || [[Westpac Stadium]], [[Wellington]] || 5–6 February 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|FJI}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 USA Sevens|United States]]''' || [[Sam Boyd Stadium]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] || 13–14 February 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Adelaide Sevens|Australia]]''' || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]] || 19–21 March 2010 || align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Hong Kong Sevens|Hong Kong]]''' || [[Hong Kong Stadium]] || 26–28 March 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 London Sevens|London]]''' || [[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]] || 22–23 May 2010 || align=left| {{ru7|AUS}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Edinburgh Sevens|Edinburgh]]''' || [[Murrayfield Stadium|Murrayfield]], [[Edinburgh]] || 29–30 May 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|}
'''Overall Standings'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! colspan=12 style="border-right:0px;"; | 2009–10 Standings<ref name="0910Standings">{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/standings.html |title=Overall Standings |publisher=International Rugby Board |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! width=5%|Pos.
! Country
! width=8%|Dubai
! width=8%|South Africa (George)
! width=8%|New Zealand (Wellington)
! width=8%|USA (Las Vegas)
! width=8%|Australia (Adelaide)
! width=8%|Hong Kong
! width=8%|England (London)
! width=8%|Scotland (Edinburgh)
! width=8%|Overall
|-
|| 1 || align=left|{{ru7|SAM}} || 20 || 6 || 20 || '''24''' || '''24''' || '''30''' || 16 || '''24''' || 164
|-
|| 2 || align=left|{{ru7|NZL}} || '''24''' || '''24''' || 16 || 20 || 12 || 25 || 12 || 16 || 149
|-
|| 3 || align=left|{{ru7|AUS}} || 12 || 6 || 12 || 16 || 16 || 16 || '''24''' || 20 || 122
|-
|| 4 || align=left|{{ru7|FJI}} || 16 || 20 || '''24''' || 8 || 6 || 20 || 8 || 6 || 108
|-
|| 5 || align=left|{{ru7|ENG}} || 16 || 12 || 16 || 6 || 4 || 20 || 6 || 16 || 96
|-
|| 6 || align=left|{{ru7|ZAF}} || 8 || 8 || 8 || 12 || 8 || 10 || 20 || 6 || 80
|-
|| 7 || align=left|{{ru7|ARG}} || 6 || 16 || 0 || 0 || 16 || 0 || 16 || 8 || 62
|-
|| 8 || align=left|{{ru7|KEN}} || 6 || 16 || 6 || 16 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 52
|-
|| 9 || align=left|{{ru7|WAL}} || 4 || 4 || 4 || 6 || 6 || 0 || 6 || 4 || 34
|-
|| 10 || align=left|{{ru7|USA}} || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 20 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 32
|-
|| 11 || align=left|{{ru7|CAN}} || DNP || DNP || 6 || 0 || DNP || 5 || 4 || 0 || 15
|-
|| 12 || align=left|{{ru7|SCO}} || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 12 || 12

|}

===Win summaries===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Event
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!Plate
!Bowl
!Shield
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=15%|Winner
!width=15%|Winner
|-
|[[2016 Paris Sevens]]
|[[Stade Jean Bouin]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''29 - 26'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|{{Ru7-big|SCO}}
|{{Ru7-big|POR}}
|-
|[[2012 Dubai Sevens]]
|[[The Sevens (stadium)|The Sevens Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''26 - 15'''
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|{{Ru7-big|ARG}}
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|-
|[[2012 USA Sevens]]
|[[Sam Boyd Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''26 - 19'''
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|{{Ru7-big|CAN}}
|{{Ru7-big|FRA}}
|-
|[[2010 Edinburgh Sevens]]
|[[Murrayfield Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''41 - 14'''
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|{{Ru7-big|SCO}}
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|{{Ru7-big|RUS}}
|-
|[[2010 Hong Kong Sevens]]
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''24 - 21'''
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|{{Ru7-big|CAN}}
|{{Ru7-big|HKG}}
|-
|[[2010 Adelaide Sevens]]
|[[Adelaide Oval]]
|'''{{ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''38 - 10''' 
|{{ru7-big|USA}}
|{{ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{ru7-big|JPN}}
|-
|[[2010 USA Sevens]]
|[[Sam Boyd Stadium]]
|'''{{ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''33 - 12''' 
|{{ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{ru7-big|ZAF}}
|{{ru7-big|USA}}
|{{ru7-big|SCO}}
|-
|[[2008 London Sevens]]
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''19 - 14'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|{{Ru7-big|ESP}}
|-
|[[2007 Hong Kong Sevens]]
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''27 - 22'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|{{Ru7-big|RUS}}
|-
|[[2007 Wellington Sevens]]
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''14 - 7'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{Ru7-big|TON}}
|{{Ru7-big|POR}}
|-
|[[1993 Hong Kong Sevens]]
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM|name=Western Samoa}}'''
|'''14 - 12'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|TON}}
|{{Ru7-big|ROM}}
|-
|}

In July 1997, the [[Legislative Assembly of Samoa|Government of Samoa]] amended its constitution to change the country's name from ''Western Samoa'' to ''Samoa''.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997 | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/num_act/caa21997295/ | work = | pages = | accessdate = 27 November 2007 | language = }}</ref>

==Current squad==
[[File:Samoa Sevens Rugby Team.jpg|right|thumb|180px|Samoa sevens team, 2014]]
'''Squad to [[2015 Pacific Games]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pg2015.gems.pro/gems_pictures/Game/c94f4c18-505d-43eb-a09e-8de5ca931d0f.pdf |title=2015 Pacific Games Men's 7s |author=pg2015.gems.pro |date=9 July 2015 |accessdate=11 July 2015}}</ref>
*[[Fa’alemiga Selesele]]
*Tila Mealoi
*Telea Seumanutafa
*[[Phoenix Hunapo-Nofoa]]
*Alefosio Tapili
*Alex Samoa
*Tomasi Alosio
*Belgium Tuatagaloa
*Alamanda Motuga
*Ed Fidow
*Savelio Ropati
*[[Samoa Toloa]]

===Previous squads===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
![[2014 Commonwealth Games]] Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/regional/newsid=2071510.html#commonwealth+games+sevens+squads+latest |title=Commonwealth Games Sevens squads: Latest |author=IRB |date=16 July 2014 |accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
|
*Afa Aiono
*Alex Samoa
*Levi Asifaamatala
*[[Fa’alemiga Selesele]]
*Lio Lolo
*Saena Vili
*[[Alatasi Tupou]]
*[[Lolo Lui]]
*Reupena Levasa
*Tulolo Tulolo
*Etiuefa Fiavaai
*[[Samoa Toloa]]
*Sonny Fereti
*George Antaky
|-
|}

==Former players==
Two of the highest points and try scorers in series history, [[Uale Mai]] and [[Mikaele Pesamino]], played for Samoa. Pesamino was also named the 2010 [[IRB International Sevens Player of the Year]], an honour which Uale Mai, a former team captain and one of the most capped players in the sport, had won in 2006. Captain [[Lolo Lui]] and teammate [[Alafoti Fa'osiliva]] had also been nominated.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/rugby-sevens/nz-sevens-players-miss-awards-list-3568656
|work=Television NZ
|title=NZ sevens players miss awards list
|date=26 May 2010|accessdate=26 May 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Crowd cheering, Hong Kong Sevens 2009.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Crowd at the 2009 [[Hong Kong Sevens]].]]

{| width="50%"
|-----
| width="50%" valign="top" |
*[[Andrew Aiolupo|Anitelea Aiolupo]]
*[[Alapasa Cordtz]]
*[[Samu Eteuati]]
*[[Lome Fa'atau]]
*[[Fa'atonu Fili]]
*[[Alama Ieremia]]
*[[Timoteo Iousa]]
*[[Malaki Iupeli]]
*[[Danny Kaleopa]]
*[[Lolani Koko]]
*[[Brian Lima]]
*[[Kiri Mariner]]
*[[Luke Mealamu]]
| valign="top" width="33%" |
*[[Junior Paramore]]
*[[Happyvelly Patu]]
*[[Kevin Senio]]
*[[Mikaele Senio]]
*[[Afato So'oalo]]
*[[Steven So'oialo]]
*[[Mark Tanuvasa]]
*[[Filipo Toala]]
*[[Aleki Toleafoa]]
*[[Leamy Toleafoa]]
*[[Ofisa Tonu'u|Ofisa Tonu'u Jnr]]
*[[Alesana Tuilagi]]
*[[Sila Vaifale]]
*[[Alefaio Vaisuai]]
*[[Leon Schaumkel]]
| valign="top" width="50%" |
|}

==Other statistics==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Host
|width=1% rowspan=23|
!colspan=3|Cup Final
|width=1% rowspan=23|
!colspan=3|Plate Final
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2009 ''[[2009 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''24-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|'''7-0'''
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|-
|2008 ''[[2008 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|RSA}}'''
|'''19-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''12-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2007 ''[[2007 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''31-21'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|ARG}}
|'''15-14'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|-
|2004 ''[[2004 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{ru7-big|ENG}}'''
|'''26 - 21'''
|{{ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''21 - 19'''
|{{ru7-big|ARG}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2010 ''[[2010 Wellington Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''19-14'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|'''26-22'''
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2008 ''[[2008 Wellington Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''22-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|'''19-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007<ref>[http://www.usasevens.com/07results.html Official 2007 Results]</ref> ''[[2007 USA Sevens|Details]]''
|[[San Diego]], [[California]]
|'''{{ru7-big|FJI}}'''
|'''38 - 24'''
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{ru7-big|ZAF}}
|'''28 - 19'''
|{{ru7-big|SCO}}
|-
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2005<ref>[http://www.usasevens.com/05results.html Official 2005 Results]</ref> ''[[2005 USA Sevens Championship|Details]]''
|[[Carson, California|Carson]], [[California]]
|'''{{ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''34 - 5'''
|{{ru7-big|ARG}}
|{{ru7-big|FJI}}
|'''24 - 21'''
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007 ''[[2007 South Africa Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Outeniqua Park]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''33-9'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|'''12-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|-
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2005 ''[[2005 South Africa Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Outeniqua Park]]
|'''{{ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''21 - 19'''
|{{ru7-big|ARG}}
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''17 - 5'''
|{{ru7-big|NZL}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007 ''[[2007 Australia Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Adelaide Oval]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''21-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|'''31-0'''
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007 ''[[2007 Edinburgh Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Murrayfield Stadium|Murrayfield]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''34-5'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|'''31-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2006 ''[[2006 Paris Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Stade Jean-Bouin]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|RSA}}'''
|'''33-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|'''31-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|ARG}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2006 ''[[2006 Singapore Sevens|Details]]''
|[[National Stadium, Singapore]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''40-21'''
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''26-5'''
|{{Ru7-big|FRA}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2006 ''[[2006 London Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''54-14'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|'''42-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|1998 ''[[1998 Hong Kong Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''28-19'''
|{{Ru7-big|Western Samoa}}
|{{Ru7-big|KOR}}
|'''40–14'''
|{{Ru7-big|PNG}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|1979 ''[[1979 Hong Kong Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Hong Kong Football Club Stadium|HK Football Club Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|AUS}}'''
|'''39-3'''
|{{Ru7-big|Western Samoa}}
|{{Ru7-big|PNG}}
|'''13-10'''
|{{Ru7-big|Hawaii}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Samoa national rugby union team]]
* [[Rugby union in Samoa]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.manusamoa.com/ Official Samoa Rugby Union website]
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/SAMOA-SEVENS/301849762652 Samoa Sevens on facebook]
* [http://www.manusamoa.net Manu Samoa Supporters Website ]

{{National rugby sevens teams}}
{{World sevens series}}
{{Rugby union in Samoa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samoa National Rugby Sevens Team}}
[[Category:Samoa national rugby sevens team]]

Sohail Abbas

2016-08-24T02:49:04Z

Mattlore: + 2 categories; ± 2 categories using HotCat

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}{{BLP sources|date=December 2011}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Sohail Abbas {{Nastaliq|سُہيل عبّاس}}
| image =|thumb|right|Sohail in 2003
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|6|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| nickname = ''Sohail''
| position = Left Full Back
| clubs1 = Habib Bank<ref name="Company, no club">Company, no club</ref> WAPDA<ref name="Company, no club"/> Bank Simpanan Nasional<ref name="Company, no club"/> [[Hyderabad Sultans]] [[HC Rotterdam]] [[KL Hockey Club]]
| years1 = 2005 2005-2010 2010-present
| caps(goals)1 = 78 (-) - (-) 7 (8) -(-)
| nationalteam1 = [[Pakistan men's national field hockey team|Pakistan]]
| nationalyears1 = 1998-''present''
| nationalcaps(goals)1 = 350 (348) <ref>{{Cite AV media |title= Pakistan vs Spain Olympics game |credits= Barry Davies|publisher= [[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-62112-Pakistan-beat-South-Africa-5-4 Sohail's 348th]</ref><ref>[http://sportsplannet.com/olympics-pakistan-take-7th-place-in-hokey/ Pakistan takes 7th place]</ref>
| woman = no
| website = http://www.sohailabbaslive.com/
| updated = 9 August 2012
| medaltemplates =
}}

{{MedalTableTop||100px}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Field Hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry |{{PAK}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[Hockey at the 2010 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1998 Asian Games|1998 Bangkok]]|[[Hockey at the 1998 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2002 Commonwealth Games|2002 Manchester]]|[[Hockey at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Champions Challenge]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey Champions Challenge|2009 Salta]]|[[Hockey at the 2009 SHockey Champions Challenge|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Sultan Azlan Shah Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|2000 Ipoh]]|[[Hockey at the 2000 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|2003 Ipoh]]|[[Hockey at the 2003 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|2004 Ipoh]]|[[Hockey at the 2004 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|2011 Ipoh]]|[[Hockey at the 2011 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey Asia Cup|1999 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[Hockey Asia Cup 1999|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey Asia Cup|2003 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[Hockey Asia Cup 2003|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey Asia Cup|2009 Kuantan]]|[[Hockey Asia Cup 2009|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Hockey Champions Trophy|1998 Lahore]]|[[1998 Hockey Champions Trophy|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey Champions Trophy|2002 Cologne]]|[[2002 Hockey Champions Trophy|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey Champions Trophy|2003 Amstelveen]]|[[2003 Hockey Champions Trophy|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey Champions Trophy|2004 Lahore]]|[[2004 Hockey Champions Trophy|Team]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}

'''Sohail Abbas''', (born 9 June 1975 in Karachi) is a Pakistani
field hockey defender, penalty corner specialist and former captain of the
Pakistan Hockey Team. For info on the [http://www.skycir.com Pakistan Hockey]. He is the highest goal scorer in the history of [[field hockey]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/hockey/features/newsid_3874000/3874079.stm | work=BBC News | title=Who's got the hottest shot in hockey? | date=8 August 2004}}</ref> with his current goal tally at 348, as of 9 Aug 2012.<ref>[http://sportsplannet.com/olympics-great-britain-down-pakistan-4-1/ Pakistan lose to Great Britain as Sohail scores]</ref>

== Early life ==
Born at [[Karachi]]'s [[Holy Family Hospital, Karachi|Holy Family Hospital]], [[Soldier Bazaar]] on 9 June 1975,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/abbas-sohail-1049761/ | title=Sohail Abbas | publisher=London 2012 (Olympics) | accessdate=7 August 2012}}</ref> Sohail is a former pupil of [[Karachi]]'s [[Habib Public School]], the school of many other hockey stars. In fact, it has been rightly remarked that hockey is taught as a subject in this school.

He came from a sporting family; his father, Syed Iftikhar Hussain, was a former first-class [[cricketer]]. He represented [[Karachi]] as well as Pak Crescent Club, famous for producing [[Zaheer Abbas]]. Sohail is eldest of three brothers. Raheel Abbas, his younger one, is an IT professional and a Professional / First Class [[Cricketer]]. Sohail has often said that his inspiration came from his uncle, Safdar Abbas, a left-winger who scored against [[Argentina]] during the 1974 World Cup as 16-year-old boy. Sohail is keen to emphasize the part played by Safdar, who, Sohail says, inspired him as a [[Child|youngster]].

As a young hockey player, his potential was not realized for some time. He had difficulty making an impact on the professional hockey leagues between 1995-98. Like many Pakistani hockey players, he is a product of the Pakistan Junior Squad. An impressive performance in the 18th Junior National Hockey U18 Championship at [[Quetta]] 1995 gained him a place in Pakistan Junior squad which drew their home series 2-2 against Germany Juniors. He was not selected for the tour of [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]] and [[Poland]], playing next for [[Pakistan]] in the third Junior Asia Cup at [[Singapore]] in 1996. He staged a return to the Pakistan Junior side in 1997, a side which beat Germany Junior in four consecutive test matches.

Four months later, he was dropped from the Pakistan Junior squad. Pakistan Junior team manager [[Samiullah Khan (field hockey)|Samiullah Khan]] and coach Ayaz Mahmood were not convinced to include him for the 1997 World Cup staged in [[Milton Keynes]] - an underwhelming squad that failed to making it to the Junior World Cup semi-finals for the first time in the cup's 25-year history. Finally, he made his debut the following year on the national team and has since become arguably hockey's most prolific goalscorer of all time.

Sohail, who struck 20 goals in 1998, was in terrific form in 1999 when Pakistan won the Azlan Shah Cup for the first time and got silver in [[Asia Cup]]. He was leading scorer in 8th Pakistan-India Series (10 goals), 9th Azlan Shah Cup (12 goals) and 5th [[Asia Cup]] (16 goals). Of 16 Asia Cup's goals, seven were against Sri Lanka which allowed him a place in a select band of nine players who registered double hat-tricks in international circuits for Pakistan. His 60 goals in 1999 beat the world record of Litjens (58 goals) and national record of Sardar (50 goals) in one calendar year.

== International career ==

When he made his international debut during the 7th Pakistan-India series 1998, his role was only to come from the bench for penalty corner drills. His debut was at [[Peshawar]]'s Lala S.M. Ayub Hockey Stadium on Saturday, 28 February 1998. Pakistan manager [[Islahuddin Siddiqui]] effected a substitution midway through the tie, but failed to make an impact. He failed to score in three penalty corners as Pakistan won 4-1. The following day, on 1 March 1998, in the second test at [[Rawalpindi]]'s Army Hockey Stadium, Abbas announced his arrival on the international scene in dramatic fashion, scoring a drag flick from a penalty corner which proved to be the match-winner in Pakistan's 2-1 victory.

When the rule was changed after the 1998 World Cup, he was not considered for the 16th [[Commonwealth Games]] by coach [[Shahnaz Sheikh]]. But he staged a comeback to win silver in [[Lahore]]'s 20th CT and bronze in [[Bangkok]]'s 13th [[Asian Games]] in the same year.

Abbas scored his 267th international goal during the Champions Trophy in [[Amritsar]], India to equal the 22-year-old record of Dutch penalty corner specialist [[Paul Litjens]] on 4 October 2004<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_5-10-2004_pg2_1 Sohail equals Litjens record]</ref> and then on 8 October he broke the Dutchman's record.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041009/sports.htm Sohail breaks Litjens record]</ref> He retired in December 2004, just after the [[2004 Men's Champions Trophy (field hockey)|Champions Trophy]] in [[Lahore]] along with another Pakistani great [[Waseem Ahmad]], when he was only 27 years of age but on 4 July 2006, he decided to return to the international hockey.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060706/sports.htm#9 Sohail Abbas comes out of retirement]</ref> Since the summer of 2005 he and [[Waseem]] have both played for Dutch club [[Rotterdam]]. He struck his 33rd goal to break [[Mark Hager]]'s 9-year-old record. His 33rd goal emerged from penalty-mark when he converted 66th-minute penalty-stroke against India in Pakistan's 2-1 win on fourth day of 26th [[Hockey Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]. The Australian striker had registered 32 goals from 1985 to 1995. He took 11 editions for his 32 goals while Sohail did the needful in his 6th CT and added another on 12 December tie to make his final Champions' Trophy total 34.

Sohail was also leading scorer at the [[2000 Olympic Games]], [[Sydney]], with 11 goals, and of the 9th Indo-Pakistan series, with seven goals. Mixing his impressive hitting abilities with drag-flicks, Abbas has proved himself to be the world's most consistent drag-flick converter, his success rate over 65% mark. Sohail was the key figure when Pakistan won a place at the [[Athens Olympic Hockey Tournament]] by finishing third at [[Madrid]]'s [[Olympic Qualifier]] on 13 March 2004. Three times [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] Champion [[Pakistan]] also qualified for Sydney Olympics four years ago by taking part in Osaka 's Olympic Qualifier in March 2000. Pakistan finished second on the Japanese soil, with Sohail scoring 13 goals to finish as leading marksman. Sohail was also leading marksman at Madrid with nine goals. Four of these nine goals were against India in league encounter when he converted four out of four penalty corners. At Athens, he became the record Pakistani goalscorer in a single Olympiad, beating the 10-goal record of centre-forward Hassan Sardar, created at the Los Angeles Olympiad twenty years beforehand. Only Sohail, Sardar and Abdul Rashid Jr. have topped the goal scoring-chart in Olympics hockey. Rashid did it in 1968 when he was joint leader with Brian Glencross (Australia) and Prithipal Singh (India).

Sohail matched the world record on 4 October 2000 during the fifth test of the current series at the stadium named after Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand; part of three gold medal-winning Indian teams in the Olympics - Amsterdam 1928, Los Angeles 1932 and Berlin 1936, where he was the captain. Sohail scored his 267th international goal at this historic venue from the 65th-minute penalty-stroke. Sohail was already the holder of three world records in his six-year international career, before Amritsar's landmark. He is the scorer of the highest number of goals (60) in a calendar year as well as the holder of the title of fastest century and double century of goals in international hockey. He reached double century of goals on 17 August 2003 at Wagener stadium when he struck twice in 6-5 thrilling win over Argentina during 25th CT.

Sohail is among the seven Pakistanis who completed 200-plus caps in the international hockey circuit. Others are [[Shahbaz Ahmed]], [[Tahir Zaman]], [[Mansoor Ahmed]], Muhammad Usman, [[Waseem Ahmad]] and [[Muhammad Nadeem]]. He played his 200th international hockey match on 1 July 2004 when Pakistan clashed with the Netherlands in 4-Nation Rabobank Trophy 2004 at Amstelveen's Wagener Stadium.

It was fifth CT for Sohail, and, in the process, he became the all-time leading scorer of Pakistan in this prestigious annual event, topping Hanif Khan's 21-goal record by converting the PC against Argentina in the 7th minute. It was his 22nd goal of CT history.

Sohail can easily be regarded as the best short corner expert in world hockey{{Citation needed|date = August 2014}}. Argentina's Jorge Lombi and Netherlands's Taeke Taekema are second in line. He is a natural short corner expert with a very strong wrist, a powerful drag flick and a perfected dummy "body dodge" action. He was Pakistani candidate for the FIH Player of the Year award in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004 but failed to outpoint Jay Stacy (Australia), Stephan Veen ([[Netherlands]]), Florian Kunz ([[Germany]]), Teun de Nooijer ([[Netherlands]]) and Jamie Dwyer ([[Australia]]) respectively.

Sohail, who struck 20 goals in 1998, was in terrific form in 1999 when Pakistan won the Azlan Shah Cup for the first time and got silver in Asia Cup. He was leading scorer in 8th Pakistan-India Series (10 goals), 9th Azlan Shah Cup (12 goals) and 5th Asia Cup (16 goals). Of 16 Asia Cup's goals, seven were against Sri Lanka which allowed him a spot in a select band of nine players who registered double hat-trick in international circus for Pakistan. His 60 goals in 1999 shattered the world record of Litjens (58 goals) and national record of Sardar (50 goals) in one calendar year.

Sohail's extraordinary talent and goal scoring prowess mean that he is a target of hockey clubs all over the world. He gets offers from clubs of numerous countries and represented Dutch club Amsterdam in 1999. In Netherlands, the hockey league, like soccer, runs for as long as six months with a winter break in between. Due to his commitments with the Pakistan team, Sohail only played for nine weeks and that too in two spells. He was provided with free lodging and boarding, offered a car and paid as much as 700 dollars per match.

Time spent in Netherlands him tone his skills and he pays warm tribute to the club boss Jons Hanset, who helped make his stay enjoyable. Twelve goals in 5 matches and helped his team qualify for the play-offs was no mean feat and he has no hesitation in stating that Netherlands remains his favorite country to visit. Close to his mother, he describes her as "my greatest supporter. I credit her with all I have achieved." His heroes of different sports are Shahbaz Ahmed Sr (hockey), Diego Maradona (soccer) and Andre Agassi (tennis).

Sohail is quickest to complete the century of goals, reaching the three figures, when Pakistan thrashed Britain 8-1 in Sydney Olympics on 18 September 2000 (His 50th goal was recorded on 12 August 1999 when he got hat-trick against Spain during Rabobank Challenge at Amstelveen). Thus he completed his century in world record timing of two years, six months and 18 days. He was the sixth Pakistani to reach three figures in international arena after Hassan Sardar (150 goals), Tahir Zaman (134 goals), Kamran Ashraf (129 goals), Hanif Khan (127 goals) and Manzoorul Hassan Sr (101 goals).

He got eight goals at Sydney after handsome display at Osaka's Olympic qualifiers. His achievement at Japan was all the more remarkable considering he had only just returned to the fray after spending four months on the sidelines with a groin injury. His total goals in 2000 were 26, followed by 37 in 2001.

Sohail attracted worldwide attention in 2002 when he emerged as the joint highest scorer along with Argentina's Jorge Lombi in the 10th World Cup at Kuala Lumpur. And all 10 goals that Sohail scored at the Bukit Jalil Stadium in the Malaysian capital were off PCs.

He managed 44 goals in 2002 and added yet another feather to his cap in that year. Hasan Sardar was Pakistan's top scorer with 150 goals before Abbas unveiled his goal-scoring prowess. During the Six-Nation Invitational tournament at Kuala Lumpur, a month before World Cup 2002, Sohail scored his 151st international goal, becoming Pakistan's all-time highest scorer in international hockey. He struck nine goals as Pakistan managed bronze medals in 17th Commonwealth Games hockey [[tournament]] at Belle Vue Regional Hockey Center at Manchester. He struck [[hat-trick]] when Pakistan routed South Africa 10-2 in bronze-decider on 4 August 2002. Later, in the 24th CT in Cologne, Germany, Sohail played a major role and Pakistan finished third ahead of India.

The full-back, who joined Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) on 27 July 2004, had scored 274 goals in 224 matches.

He was back bone of his previous organization Pakistan WAPDA in domestic hockey. WAPDA is currently national champion of Pakistan and their back-to-back triumphs, thanks to Sohail, recorded during 50th and 51st National Championship at Karachi 2003 and Peshawar 2004 respectively. Sohail also helped his previous domestic team HBL to reach the final of the National Championship in 2001.

Sohail managed 28 goals in 2003 and for the sixth time running, he finished as annual leading scorer for Pakistan. He struck five goals as Pakistan met success in Ipoh's 12th Azlan Shah Cup in March 2003 but later on Pakistan went to Australia without him, Nadeem Ahmed and [[Waseem Ahmad]] as the trio had defied the PHF by skipping the national training camp to play professional league in Germany. Sohail and [[Waseem]] represented German club Harvestehuder THC of Hamburg while Nadeem played for Gladbacher HTC. It was Sohail's third spell as pro hockey player after Dutch league 1999 and Malaysian League 2002 (he represented Bank Simpanan Nasional BSN along with Kashif Jawwad).

Nadeem did return in time for the trials for the Australia-bound squad, but he was not considered for selection and Pakistan suffered embarrassment, finishing last in both twin 4-Nation tournaments at Perth and Sydney.

Nadeem, later on, was reprimanded for his act while Sohail and [[Waseem]] were not allowed to appear in Pakistan-China series in July. They faced an inquiry committee on 14 July 2003 during which they regretted the mistake. Both were allowed to join the camp and seven days later were included in the team for the 25th CT. But their inclusion only came after hefty fines of Rs. 100,000 each on the players. PHF inquiry committee had also recommended a one-year ban on the duo. But PHF President Gen. Muhammad Aziz Khan brought an amicable end to the controversy when he said that the under-fire players will compete in the CT in better national interest.

Sohail won bronze in Amstelveen's CT, followed by silver in KL's 6th Asia Cup. The PHF sent under-strength team at the First Afro Asian Games hockey event at Hyderabad Deccan 2003 by resting Sohail saying he needed rest after the CT and Asia Cup.

Sohail also started 2004 in whirlwind fashion and won the top scorer award in 13th Azlan Shah Cup at Bukit Jalil Complex. He struck ten goals with the help of two hat tricks against India and Germany. He managed one double hat trick and 21 hat tricks in international hockey so far: a record unmatched in international field hockey. Sohail recorded 59 goals in 2004 and was well poised to break his own world record of most goals in calendar year (60 in 1999) before retirement.

Sohail participated in the [[2010 Men's Field hockey World Cup|2010 Hockey World Cup]] which turned out to be a major flop for Pakistan as they finished last in the tournament. Sohail subsequently missed the [[Commonwealth Games]] where Pakistan finished sixth after losing to India and South Africa. He was recalled to the Pakistan team for the [[2010 Asian Games]] as Pakistan plan to win that tournament <ref>[http://news.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/sport/hockey-camp-for-asian-games-starts-700 ]{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref> National Goal-keeper [[Salman Akbar]] was also recalled <ref>[http://thenews.com.pk/03-11-2010/Sports/13474.htm ] {{wayback|url=http://thenews.com.pk/03-11-2010/Sports/13474.htm |date=20101103210837 |df=y }}</ref> He started the tournament well when he scored 2 goals for Pakistan as the floored Japan 8-2 in the Asian games <ref>{{cite news|last=Sohail|first=Abbas|title=Abbas double helps Pak floor Japan 8*2 in Asiad|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/16th-asian-games-2010/other-top-stories/Abbas-double-strike-helps-Pakistan-floor-Japan/articleshow/6948515.cms|work=TOI|accessdate=23 November 2010|date=18 November 2010}}</ref>

Sohail's First Major Gold Medal was In 2010 Asian Game Held at China.Abbas's finest moment for Pakistan continued to be the [[2010 Asian Games]] as he was part of the team which beat South Korea 4-3 on penalty strokes. Abbas however missed his penalty. Malaysia defeated India 4-3 and played Pakistan in the final. On 25 November 2010 the Malaysia v Pakistan final started during the 28th minute of the match Abbas scored a penalty corner to give Pakistan a 1-0 lead. [[Rehan Butt]] scored a goal 4 minutes after half time to extend the lead to 2-0. Malaysia failed to score and the whistle blew with Pakistan winning the 2010 Asian Games Hockey Tournament. This became Pakistan's first victory at the Asian Games since 1990 and their first victory in a major international tournament since the 1994 Champions Trophy. The 16-year drought ended and Pakistan and Sohail Abbas put a poor World Cup and Commonwealth Games behind them to give their country their first major trophy in 16 years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sohail|first=Abbas|title=Pakistan win the 2010 Asian Games hockey tournament it's the first title in 16 years for Pak|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/latest-news/5475.htm|work=Jang Website|accessdate=25 November 2010}}</ref>

In 2011, he was the top scorer for Pakistan with 21 goals to his credit.<ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/sports/01-Jan-2012/pakistan-hockey-in-2011-tall-claims-and-dismal-show Pakistan Hockey in 2011]</ref> He injured his jaw during Champions Trophy in New Zealand, and had to sit out of the 3 match home series against China.<ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/sports/16-Dec-2011/Sohail-out-of-China-series Sohail out of China series]</ref>

===Captaincy===
After serving Pakistan for almost 14 years, Abbas was awarded the captaincy of the national hockey side for the first time in the Azlan Shah Cup and London Olympics 2012.<ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/sports/14-May-2012/sohail-named-pakistan-captain Sohail Abbas takes over captaincy]</ref> Abbas's side ended 7th (last) in the Azlan Shah 2012 tournament.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=SportsPlannet|title=Pakistan take last place at Azlan Shah|url=http://sportsplannet.com/azlan-shah-pakistan-lose-to-britain-2-1/|accessdate=21 September 2012}}</ref> Similarly, they ended the Olympics at the 7th position despite starting off with a draw against Spain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan end 7th in Olympics|url=http://nz.sports.yahoo.com/news/article/-/14512707/pakistan-fight-back-to-claim-olympic-hockey-7th-place/|publisher=Yahoo New Zealand|accessdate=21 September 2012}}</ref> Sohail was dropped from the team after the Olympics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan end 7th in Olympics|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-26/top-stories/34751922_1_phf-secretary-sohail-abbas-asif-bajwa|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=4 January 2013}}</ref>

==Records==
Sohail Abbas holds the following records in field hockey:

'''WORLD RECORDS:'''
*Highest number of individual goals in international hockey—broke Holland's Paul Litjens record of 267 goals on Oct 08 2004 in test vs India at Amritsar.
*First international hockey player to score 300 goals
*Highest number of goals in a calendar year: 60 goals in 1999
* Fastest to score 100 goals in international hockey: two years six months and 18 days.
* Fastest to score 200 goals in international hockey: five years five months and 16 days.
* He has scored one double hat trick and 21 hat tricks in international hockey: a record unmatched in international field hockey.
* Highest number of goals in a single edition of Asia Cup

It is interesting to note his tally of 59 goals in 2004 is only one goal less than his record of 60 in 1999.

'''OTHER RECORDS & FEATS:'''

* Sohail's tally of 16 goals in the 1999 Asia cup is a record for a single edition of that competition (which he shares with compatriot Hasan Sardar).
* He is Pakistan's all-time top scorer in Olympics with 19 goals from two Olympics.
* For a single edition of Olympic games also, Sohail,s tally of 11 goals in the 2004 Olympics is a Pakistan record.
* For World Cup also, Sohail is Pakistan's overall top scorer with a total of 16 goals from three appearances.
* He is Pakistan's top scorer in the elite champions trophy as well with 40 goals. In fact, it was also the highest overall tally for this tournament till this year's Champions trophy. It was broken by another great drag flicker of this age, Holland's Taeke Taekema.
* In a single edition of the champions trophy also Sohail holds Pakistan's record with eight goals (2001 champions).
* Overall top scorer of the 2004 Olympics with 11 goals.
* Joint overall top scorer of the 2002 World Cup with 10 goals.

== See also ==
*[[Pakistan Hockey Federation]]
*[[List of Pakistani field hockey players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.pakistan-hockey.com/sohail-abbas.php Sohail Abbas]

{{Navboxes
|title=Sohail Abbas – International Tournaments
| state = autocollapse
| bg = #009933
| fg = white
| country = Pakistan
|list1=
{{Pakistan FH Squad 2004 Summer Olympics}}
{{Pakistan FH Squad 2006 World Cup}}
{{Pakistan FH Squad 2010 World Cup}}
{{Pakistan FH Squad 2011 Champions Trophy}}
{{Pakistan FH Squad 2012 Summer Olympics}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abbas, Sohail}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Pakistani field hockey players]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Asian Games competitors for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Karachi]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1998 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2002 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Male field hockey defenders]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani sportsmen]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games]]

Cheslin Kolbe

2016-07-27T03:03:44Z

Mattlore: -Category:Super Rugby players; +Category:Olympic competitors for South Africa using HotCat

{{Infobox rugby union biography
| name = Cheslin Kolbe
| image =
| fullname = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|10|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kraaifontein]]
| height = {{convert|1.71|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="SARU Player Profile Cheslin Kolbe"/>
| weight = {{convert|72|kg|stlb|abbr=on}}<ref name="SARU Player Profile Cheslin Kolbe"/>
| nickname =
| occupation =
| school = [[Brackenfell High School]]
| university =
| relatives = [[Wayde van Niekerk]] (cousin)
| position = [[Fullback (rugby union)|Fullback / Wing]]
| currentclub = {{Rut Stormers}}
| youthyears1 = 2009–12
| youthclubs1 = {{Rut Western Province}}
| years1 = 2013–
| clubs1 = {{Rut Western Province}}
| apps1 = 39
| points1 = 67
| years2 = 2013–
| clubs2 = {{Rut Stormers}}
| apps2 = 35
| points2 = 15
| repyears1 = 2012–
| repteam1 = [[South Africa national rugby union team (sevens)|South Africa Sevens]]
| repcaps1 =
| reppoints1 =
| repyears2 = 2013
| repteam2 = [[South Africa national under-20 rugby union team|South Africa Under-20]]
| repcaps2 = 5
| reppoints2 = 10
| clubupdate = 23 July 2016
| repupdate = 13 June 2013
}}
'''Cheslin Kolbe''' is a [[South Africa]]n [[rugby union]] player, currently playing with the {{Rut Stormers}}.<ref name="SARU Player Profile Cheslin Kolbe">{{SA Rugby Player Profile | id=49348 | name=Cheslin Kolbe | date=30 May 2016}}</ref> His regular position is [[Fullback (rugby union)|fullback]].

==Career==

===Youth level===

He represented {{Rut Western Province}} at various youth levels, from the Under-16 Grant Khomo Week in 2009 to the [[2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship]].

===Sevens===

Since 2012, he also represented the [[South Africa national rugby union team (sevens)|South Africa Sevens]] team. In 2013, he was included in the squad for the [[2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens]].<ref name="Kyle Brown back to command Springbok Sevens for Mission Moscow">{{SA Rugby Article | id=1982634 | leagueid=1474 | title=Kyle Brown back to command Springbok Sevens for Mission Moscow | date=20 June 2013 | accessdate=6 June 2016 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160607175948/http://www.sarugby.co.za/article.aspx?id=1982634&leagueid=1474 | archivedate=6 June 2016}}</ref>

===S.A. Under-20===
In 2013, he was included in the training group that toured Argentina in preparation for the [[2013 IRB Junior World Championship]].<ref name="SA U20 training group named for Argentine tour">{{SA Rugby Article | id=1857624 | leagueid=1344 | title=SA U20 training group named for Argentine tour | date=28 March 2013 | accessdate=6 June 2016 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160607182500/http://www.sarugby.co.za/article.aspx?id=1857624&leagueid=1344 | archivedate=6 June 2016}}</ref> He was then included in the squad for the [[2013 IRB Junior World Championship]].<ref name="Steenkamp leads powerful SA U20 JWC squad">{{SA Rugby Article | id=1898404 | leagueid=1344 | title=Steenkamp leads powerful SA U20 JWC squad | date=25 April 2013 | accessdate=6 June 2016 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160607185428/http://www.sarugby.co.za/article.aspx?id=1898404&fullview=true | archivedate=6 June 2016}}</ref>

===Western Province===

He made his provincial first class debut in their [[Vodacom Cup]] match against {{Rut Boland Cavaliers}}.<ref name="Regent Boland Cavaliers 17-17 DHL Western Province">{{SA Rugby Match Centre | id=103794 | homeid=11704 | awayid=11624 | leagueid=1164 | hometeam=Regent Boland Cavaliers | homescore=17 | awayscore=17 | awayteam=DHL Western Province | matchdate=9 March 2013 | date=1 July 2016}}</ref> and a month later he was named on the bench for the {{Rut Stormers}} for their [[2013 Super Rugby season|Super Rugby]] game against the {{Rut Sharks}}.<ref name="Van Aswegen to start at flyhalf">{{cite web | url=http://thestormers.com/van-aswegen-to-start-at-flyhalf/ | title=Van Aswegen to start at flyhalf | work=Stormers | date=10 April 2013 | accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref>

He penned a three-year deal to remain at Western Province until 2016.<ref name="New deal for WP's Kolbe">{{cite web | url=http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,3551_8868684,00.html | title=New deal for WP's Kolbe | work=Planet Rugby | date=13 August 2013 | accessdate=16 August 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Kolbe is the cousin of South African [[track and field]] [[sprint (running)|sprinter]] [[Wayde van Niekerk]], who competes in the [[200 metres]] and [[400 metres]] events.<ref name="Twee neefs soek goud">{{cite web | url=http://www.netwerk24.com/Sport/Rugby/twee-neefs-soek-goud-20160715 | title=Twee neefs soek goud | work=Netwerk24 | date=16 July 2016 | accessdate=19 July 2016 | language=Afrikaans}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Stormers squad}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Squads
|list1 =
{{2014 South Africa Commonwealth Games Sevens squad}}
{{2014 Western Province Vodacom Cup squad}}
{{2013–14 South Africa IRB Sevens World Series squad}}
{{2013 Western Province Currie Cup squad}}
{{2013 South Africa Rugby World Cup Sevens squad}}
{{2013 Western Province Vodacom Cup squad}}
{{2012–13 South Africa IRB Sevens World Series squad}}
{{2011–12 South Africa IRB Sevens World Series squad}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolbe, Cheslin}}
[[Category:South African rugby union players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Western Province (rugby team) players]]
[[Category:Stormers players]]
[[Category:Rugby union wings]]
[[Category:South Africa international rugby sevens players]]
[[Category:South Africa Under-20 international rugby union players]]
[[Category:Rugby sevens players at the 2016 Olympic Games]]
[[Category:Olympic competitors for South Africa]]

Samoa National Rugby Sevens Team

2016-03-28T20:24:30Z

Mattlore: removed Category:National rugby union sevens teams; added Category:National rugby sevens teams using HotCat

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox rugby team
| country =Samoa
| image = Logo Samoa Rugby.svg
| union = Samoa Rugby Football Union
| nickname = Manu
| captain = [[Lolo Lui]]
| coach = [[Damian McGrath]]
| from =
| caps =
| top scorer = [[Uale Mai]] 1174
| most tries = [[Mikaele Pesamino]] 151
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 = _blue_white_stripe_collar
| pattern_ra1 =
| leftarm1 = 0000FF
| body1 = FFFFFF
| rightarm1 = 0000FF
| shorts1 = FFFFFF
| socks1 = 0000FF
| first =
| bigwin =
| bigloss =
| World cup apps = 6
| sevens = yes
| year = 1993
| best = 3rd place, [[1997 Rugby World Cup Sevens|1997]], [[2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens|2009]] champions 2010
}}

The '''Samoa national rugby sevens team''', referred to as the '''Samoa Sevens''' or '''Manu Samoa 7s''', represents [[Samoa]] internationally in [[rugby sevens]]. The team competes in the annual [[World Rugby Sevens Series]], and won the [[2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series|2009–10 World Series]] following a 15-12 victory against [[England national rugby union team (sevens)|England]] in the semi-finals at the [[2010 Edinburgh Sevens]].<ref>[http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/edition=10/fixturesresults.html International Rugby Board, Retrieved 31 May 2010]</ref> Samoa Sevens defeated [[Australia national rugby union team (sevens)|Australia]] in the final and were crowned winners of the 2010 Edinburgh Sevens. The historic victory followed three consecutive tournament wins in the world series, the [[Hong Kong Sevens]],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/rugby/article377721.ece/Samoa-win-Honk-Kong-Sevens
|work=Times LIVE
|title=Samoa win Hong Kong Sevens|date=28 March 2010|accessdate=29 March 2010}}</ref> the [[USA Sevens]] and the [[Adelaide Sevens]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/edition=9/news/newsid=2036520.html
|work=International Rugby Board
|title=Superb Samoa wins Adelaide Sevens|date=21 March 2010|accessdate=29 March 2010}}</ref>

Representing the tiny [[Polynesia]]n country of [[Samoa]] with a population of about 180,000 the Samoa Sevens team competes against some of the wealthiest countries in the world.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20378#comment3468
|work=Samoa Observer
|title=A breathtaking achievement
|first=Russell
|last=Hunter
|date=22 March 2010|accessdate=24 May 2010}}</ref>

Two of the highest points and try scorers in series history, [[Uale Mai]] and [[Mikaele Pesamino]], played for Samoa. Pesamino was also named the 2010 [[IRB International Sevens Player of the Year]], an honour which Uale Mai, a former team captain and one of the most capped players in the sport, had won in 2006. Captain [[Lolo Lui]] and teammate [[Alafoti Fa'osiliva]] had also been nominated.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/rugby-sevens/nz-sevens-players-miss-awards-list-3568656
|work=Television NZ
|title=NZ sevens players miss awards list
|date=26 May 2010|accessdate=26 May 2010}}</ref>

Samoa has played at all [[Rugby World Cup Sevens]] finals tournaments since the championship began in 1993, and won the third-place final in 1997 and 2007. The team has won four [[Oceania Sevens]] titles since the first competition in 2008. Samoa also won all four gold medals at the [[Rugby sevens at the Pacific Games#Men|Pacific Games Sevens]] and [[Rugby sevens at the Pacific Games#Mini|Pacific Mini Games Sevens]] between 2007 and 2013, defeating {{nrut|Fiji}} in the final on each occasion.

[[Rugby union in Samoa]] is governed by the [[Samoa Rugby Football Union]] (SRU) which oversees the Samoa Sevens team and the 15-player [[Samoa national rugby union team|Manu Samoa]] national team.

==History==
The first Samoan sevens team was selected in November 1978 to play at the invitation Hong Kong Sevens under the leadership of former SRU representative captain, Tuatagaloa Keli Tuatagaloa. The team included Rev-Dr Faitala Talapusi as captain, Lemalu Roy Slade (Brisbane) as vice-captain, Rev. Paul Gray (Melbourne), Peter Schmidt, Feausiga Sililoto, Andy Leavasa (USA), Salafuti Patu and others.
[[File:Uganda v Samoa try.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Uganda v Samoa (20 March 2006)]]
In 2007, the team won both the [[Wellington Sevens]] and Hong Kong Sevens. Another past victory was the Hong Kong Sevens in 1993. In 2009, the team made the finals in the [[Dubai Sevens]] but lost to the New Zealand team.

While long a solidly competitive side, the Samoa Sevens emerged as true world contenders in the [[2006-07 IRB Sevens World Series|2006-07 Sevens World Series]], finishing third overall while winning two events. This new team has reached the final four times in a row, playing against series favourite [[Fiji national rugby union team (sevens)|Fiji]].

==Coaches==

The current coach is [[Damian McGrath]]. Past coaches have included [[Lilomaiava Taufusi Salesa]] who trained the 1993 [[Hong Kong Sevens]] winning team. Other notable coaches who have led Samoa to sevens prominence were head coach [[Fuimaono Titimaea Tafua|Fuimaono Titimaea "Dicky" Tafua]] and his assistant [[Galumalemana Rudolph Moors]]. In the 2005 - 2006 IRB Sevens Circuit they managed to qualify to two finals ([[London Sevens|London]] and [[Paris Sevens|Paris]]) but failed to win any. The [[Samoa Sevens]] lost to [[South Africa national rugby union team (sevens)|South Africa]] in London and island rivals [[Fiji national rugby union team (sevens)|Fiji]] at Paris.

Fuimaono resigned from coaching in 2007 to his new post as Secretary to Samoa's Head of State, [[Tufuga Efi|Tupua Tamasese Tufuga Efi]]. He would later return to coaching in 2009 as head coach of the [[Samoa national rugby union team|15s national team]]. Galumalemana took over as coach and after a disappointing team performance in the 2008–09 series was temporarily replaced by Lilomaiava Taufusi Salesa for the final two legs of the series. Stephen Betham was named as Galumalemana successor in 2009.

==Current squad==
[[File:Samoa Sevens Rugby Team.jpg|right|thumb|180px|Samoa sevens team, 2014]]
'''Squad to [[2015 Pacific Games]]:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pg2015.gems.pro/gems_pictures/Game/c94f4c18-505d-43eb-a09e-8de5ca931d0f.pdf |title=2015 Pacific Games Men's 7s |author=pg2015.gems.pro |date=9 July 2015 |accessdate=11 July 2015}}</ref>
*Falemiga Selesele
*Tila Mealoi
*Telea Seumanutafa
*Pheonix Hunapo-Nofoa
*Alefosio Tapili
*Alex Samoa
*Tomasi Alosio
*Belgium Tuatagaloa
*Alamanda Motuga
*Ed Fidow
*Savelio Ropati
*Samoa Toloa

===Previous Squads===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
![[2014 Commonwealth Games]] Squad<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/regional/newsid=2071510.html#commonwealth+games+sevens+squads+latest |title=Commonwealth Games Sevens squads: Latest |author=IRB |date=16 July 2014 |accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
|
*Afa Aiono
*Alex Samoa
*Levi Asifaamatala
*Faalemiga Selesele
*Lio Lolo
*Saena Vili
*Alatasi Tupou
*[[Lolo Lui]]
*Reupena Levasa
*Tulolo Tulolo
*Etiuefa Fiavaai
*Samoa Toloa
*Sonny Fereti
*George Antaky
|}

==Win summaries==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Event
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!Plate
!Bowl
!Shield
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=15%|Winner
!width=15%|Winner
|-
|[[2012 Dubai Sevens]]
|[[The Sevens (stadium)|The Sevens Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''26 - 15'''
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|{{Ru7-big|ARG}}
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|-
|[[2012 USA Sevens]]
|[[Sam Boyd Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''26 - 19'''
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|{{Ru7-big|CAN}}
|{{Ru7-big|FRA}}
|-
|[[2010 Edinburgh Sevens]]
|[[Murrayfield Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''41 - 14'''
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|{{Ru7-big|SCO}}
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|{{Ru7-big|RUS}}
|-
|[[2010 Hong Kong Sevens]]
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''24 - 21'''
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|{{Ru7-big|CAN}}
|{{Ru7-big|HKG}}
|-
|[[2010 Adelaide Sevens]]
|[[Adelaide Oval]]
|'''{{ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''38 - 10''' 
|{{ru7-big|USA}}
|{{ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{ru7-big|JPN}}
|-
|[[2010 USA Sevens]]
|[[Sam Boyd Stadium]]
|'''{{ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''33 - 12''' 
|{{ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{ru7-big|ZAF}}
|{{ru7-big|USA}}
|{{ru7-big|SCO}}
|-
|[[2008 London Sevens]]
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''19 - 14'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|NZL}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|{{Ru7-big|ESP}}
|-
|[[2007 Hong Kong Sevens]]
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''27 - 22'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|{{Ru7-big|RUS}}
|-
|[[2007 Wellington Sevens]]
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM}}'''
|'''14 - 7'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{Ru7-big|TON}}
|{{Ru7-big|POR}}
|-
|[[1993 Hong Kong Sevens]]
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|SAM|name=Western Samoa}}'''
|'''14 - 12'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|TON}}
|{{Ru7-big|ROM}}
|-
|}

In July 1997, the [[Legislative Assembly of Samoa|Government of Samoa]] amended its constitution to change the country's name from ''Western Samoa'' to ''Samoa''.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997 | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.paclii.org/ws/legis/num_act/caa21997295/ | work = | pages = | accessdate = 27 November 2007 | language = }}</ref>

==2009-10 IRB Sevens World Series==

===Itinerary===
The series' tournaments are identical to those in 2008–09 and span the globe, visiting five of the six populated continents.

The itinerary for the [[2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series]];

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! colspan=4 style="border-right:0px;"; | 2009–10 Itinerary<ref name="2009-10 schedule">{{cite press release|url=http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/news/newsid=2032654.html#200910+irb+sevens+world+series+schedule |title=2009/10 IRB Sevens World Series schedule set |publisher=International Rugby Board |date=8 July 2009 |accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! width=8%|Leg
! width=10%|Venue
! width=8%|Date
! width=5%|Winner
|-
|| '''[[2009 Dubai Sevens|Dubai]]''' || [[The Sevens (stadium)|The Sevens]] || 4–5 December 2009 ||align=left|{{ru7|NZL}}
|-
|| '''[[2009 South Africa Sevens|South Africa]]''' || [[Outeniqua Park]], [[George, Western Cape|George]] || 11–12 December 2009 ||align=left| {{ru7|NZL}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Wellington Sevens|New Zealand]]''' || [[Westpac Stadium]], [[Wellington]] || 5–6 February 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|FJI}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 USA Sevens|United States]]''' || [[Sam Boyd Stadium]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] || 13–14 February 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Adelaide Sevens|Australia]]''' || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]] || 19–21 March 2010 || align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Hong Kong Sevens|Hong Kong]]''' || [[Hong Kong Stadium]] || 26–28 March 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 London Sevens|London]]''' || [[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]] || 22–23 May 2010 || align=left| {{ru7|AUS}}
|-
|| '''[[2010 Edinburgh Sevens|Edinburgh]]''' || [[Murrayfield Stadium|Murrayfield]], [[Edinburgh]] || 29–30 May 2010 ||align=left| {{ru7|SAM}}
|}

===Overall Standings===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! colspan=12 style="border-right:0px;"; | 2009–10 Standings<ref name="0910Standings">{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/irbsevens/standings.html |title=Overall Standings |publisher=International Rugby Board |accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! width=5%|Pos.
! Country
! width=8%|Dubai
! width=8%|South Africa (George)
! width=8%|New Zealand (Wellington)
! width=8%|USA (Las Vegas)
! width=8%|Australia (Adelaide)
! width=8%|Hong Kong
! width=8%|England (London)
! width=8%|Scotland (Edinburgh)
! width=8%|Overall
|-
|| 1 || align=left|{{ru7|SAM}} || 20 || 6 || 20 || '''24''' || '''24''' || '''30''' || 16 || '''24''' || 164
|-
|| 2 || align=left|{{ru7|NZL}} || '''24''' || '''24''' || 16 || 20 || 12 || 25 || 12 || 16 || 149
|-
|| 3 || align=left|{{ru7|AUS}} || 12 || 6 || 12 || 16 || 16 || 16 || '''24''' || 20 || 122
|-
|| 4 || align=left|{{ru7|FJI}} || 16 || 20 || '''24''' || 8 || 6 || 20 || 8 || 6 || 108
|-
|| 5 || align=left|{{ru7|ENG}} || 16 || 12 || 16 || 6 || 4 || 20 || 6 || 16 || 96
|-
|| 6 || align=left|{{ru7|ZAF}} || 8 || 8 || 8 || 12 || 8 || 10 || 20 || 6 || 80
|-
|| 7 || align=left|{{ru7|ARG}} || 6 || 16 || 0 || 0 || 16 || 0 || 16 || 8 || 62
|-
|| 8 || align=left|{{ru7|KEN}} || 6 || 16 || 6 || 16 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 52
|-
|| 9 || align=left|{{ru7|WAL}} || 4 || 4 || 4 || 6 || 6 || 0 || 6 || 4 || 34
|-
|| 10 || align=left|{{ru7|USA}} || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 20 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 32
|-
|| 11 || align=left|{{ru7|CAN}} || DNP || DNP || 6 || 0 || DNP || 5 || 4 || 0 || 15
|-
|| 12 || align=left|{{ru7|SCO}} || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 12 || 12

|}

==Former players==
[[File:Crowd cheering, Hong Kong Sevens 2009.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Crowd cheering at the [[Hong Kong Sevens]], 2009.]]
{| width="50%"
|-----
| width="50%" valign="top" |
*[[Anitelea Aiolupo]]
*[[Alapasa Cordtz]]
*[[Samu Eteuati]]
*[[Lome Fa'atau]]
*[[Fa'atonu Fili]]
*[[Alama Ieremia]]
*[[Timoteo Iousa]]
*[[Malaki Iupeli]]
*[[Danny Kaleopa]]
*[[Lolani Koko]]
*[[Brian Lima]]
*[[Kiri Mariner]]
*[[Luke Mealamu]]
| valign="top" width="33%" |
*[[Junior Paramore]]
*[[Happyvelly Patu]]
*[[Kevin Senio]]
*[[Mikaele Senio]]
*[[Afato So'oalo]]
*[[Steven So'oialo]]
*[[Mark Tanuvasa]]
*[[Filipo Toala]]
*[[Aleki Toleafoa]]
*[[Leamy Toleafoa]]
*[[Ofisa Tonu'u|Ofisa Tonu'u Jnr]]
*[[Alesana Tuilagi]]
*[[Sila Vaifale]]
*[[Alefaio Vaisuai]]
*[[Leon Schaumkel]]
| valign="top" width="50%" |
|}

==Other statistics==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Host
|width=1% rowspan=23|
!colspan=3|Cup Final
|width=1% rowspan=23|
!colspan=3|Plate Final
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2009 ''[[2009 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''24-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|'''7-0'''
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|-
|2008 ''[[2008 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|RSA}}'''
|'''19-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''12-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2007 ''[[2007 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''31-21'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|ARG}}
|'''15-14'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|-
|2004 ''[[2004 Dubai Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground]]
|'''{{ru7-big|ENG}}'''
|'''26 - 21'''
|{{ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''21 - 19'''
|{{ru7-big|ARG}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2010 ''[[2010 Wellington Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''19-14'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|'''26-22'''
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2008 ''[[2008 Wellington Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Westpac Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''22-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|'''19-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|WAL}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007<ref>[http://www.usasevens.com/07results.html Official 2007 Results]</ref> ''[[2007 USA Sevens|Details]]''
|[[San Diego]], [[California]]
|'''{{ru7-big|FJI}}'''
|'''38 - 24'''
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{ru7-big|ZAF}}
|'''28 - 19'''
|{{ru7-big|SCO}}
|-
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2005<ref>[http://www.usasevens.com/05results.html Official 2005 Results]</ref> ''[[2005 USA Sevens Championship|Details]]''
|[[Carson, California|Carson]], [[California]]
|'''{{ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''34 - 5'''
|{{ru7-big|ARG}}
|{{ru7-big|FJI}}
|'''24 - 21'''
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007 ''[[2007 South Africa Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Outeniqua Park]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''33-9'''
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|'''12-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|-
|- style="background: #D0E6FF;"
|2005 ''[[2005 South Africa Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Outeniqua Park]]
|'''{{ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''21 - 19'''
|{{ru7-big|ARG}}
|{{ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''17 - 5'''
|{{ru7-big|NZL}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007 ''[[2007 Australia Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Adelaide Oval]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''21-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|AUS}}
|'''31-0'''
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2007 ''[[2007 Edinburgh Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Murrayfield Stadium|Murrayfield]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|NZL}}'''
|'''34-5'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|'''31-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2006 ''[[2006 Paris Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Stade Jean-Bouin]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|RSA}}'''
|'''33-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}
|'''31-12'''
|{{Ru7-big|ARG}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2006 ''[[2006 Singapore Sevens|Details]]''
|[[National Stadium, Singapore]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''40-21'''
|{{Ru7-big|ENG}}
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|'''26-5'''
|{{Ru7-big|FRA}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|2006 ''[[2006 London Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Twickenham Stadium|Twickenham]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''54-14'''
|{{Ru7-big|SAM}}
|{{Ru7-big|RSA}}
|'''42-7'''
|{{Ru7-big|KEN}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|1998 ''[[1998 Hong Kong Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|FIJ}}'''
|'''28-19'''
|{{Ru7-big|Western Samoa}}
|{{Ru7-big|KOR}}
|'''40–14'''
|{{Ru7-big|PNG}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=5%|Year
!rowspan=2 width=10%|Venue
!colspan=3|Cup
!colspan=3|Plate
|-
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
!width=15%|Winner
!width=8%|Final Score
!width=15%|Runner-up
|-
|1979 ''[[1979 Hong Kong Sevens|Details]]''
|[[Hong Kong Football Club Stadium|HK Football Club Stadium]]
|'''{{Ru7-big|AUS}}'''
|'''39-3'''
|{{Ru7-big|Western Samoa}}
|{{Ru7-big|PNG}}
|'''13-10'''
|{{Ru7-big|Hawaii}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Samoa national rugby union team]]
* [[Rugby union in Samoa]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.manusamoa.com/ Official Samoa Rugby Union website]
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/SAMOA-SEVENS/301849762652 Samoa Sevens on facebook]
* [http://www.manusamoa.net Manu Samoa Supporters Website ]

{{National rugby union teams (sevens)}}
{{World sevens series}}
{{Rugby union in Samoa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samoa National Rugby Union Team (Sevens)}}
[[Category:Samoa national rugby union team]]
[[Category:National rugby sevens teams]]

Jon Ryan

2015-01-19T19:33:00Z

Mattlore: /* Seattle Seahawks */ re-add 2015 section, rmv peacock words, tidy

{{Distinguish|John Ryan}}
{{Infobox NFL player
|image=Jon Ryan 2014.jpg
|caption=Ryan in 2014.
|currentteam=Seattle Seahawks
|currentnumber=9
|currentpositionplain=[[Punter (American football)|Punter]]
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|11|26|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Regina, Saskatchewan]]
|country=Canada
|heightft=6
|heightin=0
|weight=217
|debutyear=2004
|debutteam=Winnipeg Blue Bombers
|highschool=[[Sheldon-Williams Collegiate|Regina (SK) Sheldon-Williams Collegiate]]
|cis=[[Regina Cougars football|Regina]]
|cfldraftyear=2004
|cfldraftround=3
|cfldraftpick=24
|pastteams=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ({{CFL Year|2004}}–{{CFL Year|2005}})
* [[Green Bay Packers]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}–{{NFL Year|2007}})
* [[Seattle Seahawks]] ({{NFL Year|2008}}–present)
|highlights=
* CFL All-Star (2005)
* [[NFC Championship Game|NFC Champion]] ([[2013–14 NFL playoffs|2013]])
* [[Super Bowl|Super Bowl Champion]] ([[Super Bowl XLVIII|XLVIII]])
* NFC Special Teams Player of the Month (Sep. 2014)
|status=Active
|statweek=17
|statseason=2014
|statlabel1=[[Punt (gridiron football)|Punt]]s
|statvalue1=683
|statlabel2=Punting yards
|statvalue2=30,523
|statlabel3=Punting yard Average
|statvalue3=44.7
|statlabel4=Longest punt
|statvalue4=77
|nfl=RYA229481
}}
'''Jonathan Robert Ryan''' (born November 26, 1981) is a Canadian professional [[gridiron football]] player who is currently the [[punter (football)|punter]] for the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] for the [[University of Regina]] [[Regina Rams|Rams]], and began his professional career with the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL) after being selected in the [[Canadian College Draft]]. He was then signed by the Green Bay Packers of the NFL in 2006 and joined the Seahawks in 2008.

==Early years==
Ryan was born and raised in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]], [[Saskatchewan]]. On Halloween when he was 8 years old he dressed up as a punter. He attended [[Sheldon-Williams Collegiate]] for high school, where he played as [[running back]], [[placekicker]] and [[punter (football)|punter]] on the school's football team. He then attended the [[University of Regina]], where he played both punter and [[wide receiver]] for the [[Regina Rams]] football team from 2000-2003.<ref name=nflcanada /> During his [[sophomore]] season with the Rams, he caught a 109 yard [[touchdown]] pass, and led the team in receiving, in addition to his kicking duties.<ref name=nflcanada /> After his fourth year with the Rams, Ryan picked up several team awards, including Best Special Teams Player, Top Scorer and Most Valuable Player.<ref name=ramsawards>{{cite web|title=2003 University of Regina Rams Awards|url=http://www.reginarams.com/awards/2003%20Award%20Winners.pdf|publisher=[[University of Regina Rams]]|accessdate=2010-07-05|format=pdf}}</ref> He was also named a first team Canada West All-Star, and a CIS All-Star.<ref name=ramsawards /> Ryan also ran [[track and field|track]] for the [[University of Regina]].<ref name=nflcanada>{{cite web|title=Jon Ryan|url=http://www.nflcanada.com/CanadianRoots/InTheNFL/2007/08/27/4450092.html|publisher=NFL Canada|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref>

==Professional career==

===Winnipeg Blue Bombers===
In 2004, the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL) selected Ryan as a punter and wide receiver in the third round of [[Canadian College Draft]], making him the 24th overall pick.<ref name=cfldraft>{{cite web|title=University of Regina Rams lead CIS with five selected in CFL draft|publisher=[[University of Regina Rams]]|url=http://www.reginarams.com/2009media/May4-09cfldraftNS.htm|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref> Ryan joined the Blue Bombers for the [[2004 CFL Season]]. During his rookie season, Ryan finished second in punting average to [[Noel Prefontaine]] of the [[Toronto Argonauts]].<ref name=2004stats>{{cite web|title=CFL.ca Statistics|url=http://www.cfl.ca/statistics/league/stat/Punting/year/2004/|publisher=[[Canadian Football League]]|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref>

During the 2005 season, Ryan led the league with a 50.6 yard average, while punting the most out of all league punters, 118 times. NFL talk buzzed around Ryan's future, while midway through the year, there was also speculation that Ryan may take over the kicking duties as well from aging veteran [[Troy Westwood]]. It was also believed that Ryan was practicing field goals during the teams practices.

===Green Bay Packers===
In January 2006 he signed a contract with the [[National Football League]]'s [[Green Bay Packers]]. He is only the third [[Saskatchewan]] native to make it to the NFL, following [[Arnie Weinmeister]] and [[Rueben Mayes]].

During training camp in 2006 he found out his father, Bob, was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he persevered through a tough season, which included punting in a game two days after his father's death. His teammates voted him as the recipient of the [[Ed Block Courage Award]] in 2006 for his display of courage and sportsmanship, and for being an inspiration in the locker room.

On September 30, 2007 against the [[Minnesota Vikings]] he became the first Packers punter to rush for a first down since [[David Beverly (football player)|David Beverly]] did so against the [[Houston Oilers]] on December 14, 1980.<ref>Eric Goska ''[http://www.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071001/PKR07/710010547/1947 "Eric Goska column: Jones making history, too"]'', October 1, 2007. Accessed 1 October 2007.</ref> His rush attempt that resulted in a gain of 7 yards came on a fake punt that was originally intended to be a pass, however, he did not hear the coaches call it off at the last minute.<ref>Mike Vandermause ''[http://www.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071001/PKR0201/710010551/1058/PKRFeatures "Mike Vandermause's Rants & Raves"]'', October 1, 2007. Accessed 1 October 2007.</ref> He ran with the ball when he realized he had no one to throw to and ran into several of his blockers in the process because they did not know he was running with the ball.

On December 23, 2007 Ryan had two of his punts blocked by the [[Chicago Bears]], including one that was returned for a touchdown. He also had a nine yard punt during the game and bobbled a snap on another that lead to a turnover on downs. Before this, the Packers went 929 punts without a blocked punt, dating back to September 11, 1995.

On December 30, 2007 during a 34-13 victory over the Detroit Lions, Ryan kicked a 72-yard punt in the fourth quarter, the longest punt at Lambeau Field since [[Don Chandler]]'s 90 yard punt in 1965.<ref>[http://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/punt_long_single_season.htm http://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/punt_long_single_season.htm]</ref><ref name="72punt">{{cite web | url = http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter?season=2007&week=REG17&game_id=29440| title = Green Bay rolls over Detroit | publisher = NFL.com| accessdate = 2007-12-30}}</ref> The punt tied for the second longest in franchise history - set by [[Sean Landeta]] September 20, 1998 at Cincinnati.<ref name="113yards">{{cite web | url =http://www.madison.com/wsj/home/sports//index.php?ntid=264725 | title = Ryan has gratifying afternoon | publisher = Wisconsin State Journal | accessdate = 2008-01-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

During the 2007 season, Ryan posted a net average of 37.6 yards, 12th in the NFL and the finest in Green Bay since 1969. His gross mark of 44.4 was the fourth-best in club history.<ref name="finest">{{cite web | url =http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=746570 | title = Camp helped DeBauche kick away woes | publisher = JS Online | accessdate = 2008-05-02 |archiveurl = //web.archive.org/web/20080503202422/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=746570  |archivedate = 2008-05-03}}</ref>

Ryan was released by the Packers on September 1, 2008.<ref>http://www.packers.com/news/releases/2008/09/01/1/</ref>

===Seattle Seahawks===
{{Prose|section|date=October 2014}}
====2008-2009====
Following Week 1 of the 2008 regular season, Ryan signed with the [[Seattle Seahawks]] on September 9. In Week 8 against the [[San Francisco 49ers]], he kicked a 63 yd punt, a 60 yd punt and a 55 yd punt. He finished the 2008 season with 78 punts averaging 45.6 yards.

====2009-2010====
In his Week 6 game of the 2009-2010 NFL season, he threw a 42 yard pass against the [[Arizona Cardinals]] to garner a 119 QB rating for the season.

After the 2009/2010 Season Jon Ryan signed a six-year, $9.1 million contract with $1.9 million guaranteed and $1.6 million in signing bonus. He was also named a [[Pro Bowl]] alternate following the 2009 season.

====2010-2011====
On October 17, in a game against the [[Chicago Bears]], Ryan was hit by [[Earl Bennett]] while trying to make a tackle on [[Devin Hester]]'s 89 yard punt return for a touchdown. Ryan's ribs were injured, but not fractured.

Ryan played in the final game of the 2010 regular season against the [[St. Louis Rams]] and landed a punt on the 2 yard line on the fly towards the end of the first quarter. Later, in the fourth quarter, he pinned the Rams inside of their own 10 yard line again, this time kicking it down to the 7 yard line. His efforts helped the [[Seattle Seahawks]] secure the final playoff spot remaining in the [[2010 NFL season]]. This marked the first time that a team with a losing record (7-9) has made the NFL playoffs as a Division Champion (NFC West).

====2013-2014====
On February 2, 2014, Ryan became the first player from Saskatchewan to win the Super Bowl.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/m/news/canada/saskatchewan/cbc-saskatchewan-2014-the-top-sports-stories-1.2882977|title=CBC Saskatchewan: 2014 the top sports stories|website=CBC News|date=Dec 31, 2014|accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref>

====2015====
In the third quarter of the 2015 [[NFC Championship Game]], Ryan threw a touchdown pass to [[Garry Gilliam]]. He is the first punter to throw a touchdown pass in a NFL playoff game and the first Canadian to do so since quarterback [[Mark Rypien]] in 1993.<ref>https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/blogs/cfl-55-yard-line/seahawks--punter-jon-ryan-is-likely-the-first-cis-player-to-throw-an-nfl-playoff-touchdown-230614927.html</ref>

==Personal life==
Ryan is currently engaged to American stand-up comedian [[Sarah Colonna]].<ref>http://cover32.com/seahawks/2014/07/15/seahawks-punter-jon-ryan-has-a-future-as-a-comedian/</ref><ref>http://blogs.theprovince.com/2014/06/09/chelsea-lately-regular-sarah-colonna-on-her-canadian-super-bowl-boyfriend-and-survival-in-show-biz/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Jon-Ryan/2dac44f2-a372-4702-be7c-8eca8e7b6b64 Seattle Seahawks bio]

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box | title=[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers|Winnipeg Blue Bombers punters]] | before=[[Troy Westwood]] | years=2004–2005| after=[[Troy Westwood]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Green Bay Packers|Green Bay Packers punters]] | before=[[B. J. Sander]] | years=2006–2007| after=[[Derrick Frost]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Seattle Seahawks|Seattle Seahawks punters]] | before=[[Ryan Plackemeier]] | years=2008–present| after=TBD}}
{{s-end}}

{{CurrentNFLPunters}}
{{Seattle Seahawks roster navbox}}
{{Super Bowl XLVIII}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Ryan, Jonathan Robert
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Ryan, Jon
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Professional football player
|DATE OF BIRTH=1981-11-26
|PLACE OF BIRTH=Regina, Saskatchewan
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryan, Jon}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Canadian football punters]]
[[Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players]]
[[Category:American football punters]]
[[Category:Canadian players of American football]]
[[Category:Green Bay Packers players]]
[[Category:Ed Block Courage Award recipients]]
[[Category:Seattle Seahawks players]]
[[Category:Regina Rams football players]]
[[Category:Super Bowl champions]]

Jon Ryan

2015-01-18T23:23:25Z

Mattlore: /* 2015 */ TD pass

{{Distinguish|Joe Montana}}
{{Infobox NFL player
|image=Jon Ryan 2014.jpg
|caption=Ryan in 2014.
|currentteam=Seattle Seahawks
|currentnumber=9
|currentpositionplain Punter (American football)|Punter]]
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|11|26|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Regina, Saskatchewan]]
|country=Canada
|heightft=6
|heightin=0
|weight=217
|debutyear=2004
|debutteam=Winnipeg Blue Bombers
|highschool=[[Sheldon-Williams Collegiate|Regina (SK) Sheldon-Williams Collegiate]]
|cis=[[Regina Cougars football|Regina]]
|cfldraftyear=2004
|cfldraftround=3
|cfldraftpick=24
|pastteams=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ({{CFL Year|2004}}–{{CFL Year|2005}})
* [[Green Bay Packers]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}–{{NFL Year|2007}})
* [[Seattle Seahawks]] ({{NFL Year|2008}}–present)
|highlights=
* CFL All-Star (2005)
* [[NFC Championship Game|NFC Champion]] ([[2013–14 NFL playoffs|2013]])
* [[Super Bowl|Super Bowl Champion]] ([[Super Bowl XLVIII|XLVIII]])
* NFC Special Teams Player of the Month (Sep. 2014)
* Savior of Seattle (January 2015)
|status=Active
|statweek=17
|statseason=2014
|statlabel1=[[Punt (gridiron football)|Punt]]s
|statvalue1=683
|statlabel2=Punting yards
|statvalue2=30,523
|statlabel3=Punting yard Average
|statvalue3=44.7
|statlabel4=Longest punt
|statvalue4=77
|nfl=RYA229481
}}
'''Jonathan Robert Ryan''' (born November 26, 1981) is a Canadian professional [[gridiron football]] player who is currently the [[quarterback for the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] for the [[University of Regina]] [[Regina Rams|Rams]], and began his professional career with the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL) after being selected in the [[Canadian College Draft]]. He was then signed by the Green Bay Packers of the NFL in 2006 and joined the Seahawks in 2008.

==Early years==
Ryan was born and raised in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]], [[Saskatchewan]]. On Halloween when he was 8 years old he dressed up as a punter. He attended [[Sheldon-Williams Collegiate]] for high school, where he played as [[running back]], [[placekicker]] and [[punter (football)|punter]] on the school's football team. He then attended the [[University of Regina]], where he played both punter and [[wide receiver]] for the [[Regina Rams]] football team from 2000-2003.<ref name=nflcanada /> During his [[sophomore]] season with the Rams, he caught a 109 yard [[touchdown]] pass, and led the team in receiving, in addition to his kicking duties.<ref name=nflcanada /> After his fourth year with the Rams, Ryan picked up several team awards, including Best Special Teams Player, Top Scorer and Most Valuable Player.<ref name=ramsawards>{{cite web|title=2003 University of Regina Rams Awards|url=http://www.reginarams.com/awards/2003%20Award%20Winners.pdf|publisher=[[University of Regina Rams]]|accessdate=2010-07-05|format=pdf}}</ref> He was also named a first team Canada West All-Star, and a CIS All-Star.<ref name=ramsawards /> Ryan also ran [[track and field|track]] for the [[University of Regina]].<ref name=nflcanada>{{cite web|title=Jon Ryan|url=http://www.nflcanada.com/CanadianRoots/InTheNFL/2007/08/27/4450092.html|publisher=NFL Canada|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref> in track he did sprints.
At high school, Ryan received the nickname "Jon Bon-Bon", which is believed to have originated from his affection for candy. The name stuck with him and whilst at the University of Regina fans were known to sing "Jon Bon-Bon, let me hear you say wayo" at games - a play on words from the famous Outhere Brothers single "Boom Boom Boom".

==Professional career==

===Winnipeg Blue Bombers===
In 2004, the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL) selected Ryan as a punter and wide receiver in the third round of [[Canadian College Draft]], making him the 24th overall pick.<ref name=cfldraft>{{cite web|title=University of Regina Rams lead CIS with five selected in CFL draft|publisher=[[University of Regina Rams]]|url=http://www.reginarams.com/2009media/May4-09cfldraftNS.htm|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref> Ryan joined the Blue Bombers for the [[2004 CFL Season]]. During his rookie season, Ryan finished second in punting average to [[Noel Prefontaine]] of the [[Toronto Argonauts]].<ref name=2004stats>{{cite web|title=CFL.ca Statistics|url=http://www.cfl.ca/statistics/league/stat/Punting/year/2004/|publisher=[[Canadian Football League]]|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref>

During the 2005 season, Ryan led the league with a 50.6 yard average, while punting the most out of all league punters, 118 times. NFL talk buzzed around Ryan's future, while midway through the year, there was also speculation that Ryan may take over the kicking duties as well from aging veteran [[Troy Westwood]]. It was also believed that Ryan was practicing field goals during the teams practices.

===Green Bay Packers===
In January 2006 he signed a contract with the [[National Football League]]'s [[Green Bay Packers]]. He is only the third [[Saskatchewan]] native to make it to the NFL, following [[Arnie Weinmeister]] and [[Rueben Mayes]].

During training camp in 2006 he found out his father, Bob, was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he persevered through a tough season, which included punting in a game two days after his father's death. His teammates voted him as the recipient of the [[Ed Block Courage Award]] in 2006 for his display of courage and sportsmanship, and for being an inspiration in the locker room.

On September 30, 2007 against the [[Minnesota Vikings]] he became the first Packers punter to rush for a first down since [[David Beverly (football player)|David Beverly]] did so against the [[Houston Oilers]] on December 14, 1980.<ref>Eric Goska ''[http://www.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071001/PKR07/710010547/1947 "Eric Goska column: Jones making history, too"]'', October 1, 2007. Accessed 1 October 2007.</ref> His rush attempt that resulted in a gain of 7 yards came on a fake punt that was originally intended to be a pass, however, he did not hear the coaches call it off at the last minute.<ref>Mike Vandermause ''[http://www.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071001/PKR0201/710010551/1058/PKRFeatures "Mike Vandermause's Rants & Raves"]'', October 1, 2007. Accessed 1 October 2007.</ref> He ran with the ball when he realized he had no one to throw to and ran into several of his blockers in the process because they did not know he was running with the ball.

On December 23, 2007 Ryan had two of his punts blocked by the [[Chicago Bears]], including one that was returned for a touchdown. He also had a nine yard punt during the game and bobbled a snap on another that lead to a turnover on downs. Before this, the Packers went 929 punts without a blocked punt, dating back to September 11, 1995.

On December 30, 2007 during a 34-13 victory over the Detroit Lions, Ryan kicked a 72-yard punt in the fourth quarter, the longest punt at Lambeau Field since [[Don Chandler]]'s 90 yard punt in 1965.<ref>[http://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/punt_long_single_season.htm http://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/punt_long_single_season.htm]</ref><ref name="72punt">{{cite web | url = http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter?season=2007&week=REG17&game_id=29440| title = Green Bay rolls over Detroit | publisher = NFL.com| accessdate = 2007-12-30}}</ref> The punt tied for the second longest in franchise history - set by [[Sean Landeta]] September 20, 1998 at Cincinnati.<ref name="113yards">{{cite web | url =http://www.madison.com/wsj/home/sports//index.php?ntid=264725 | title = Ryan has gratifying afternoon | publisher = Wisconsin State Journal | accessdate = 2008-01-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

During the 2007 season, Ryan posted a net average of 37.6 yards, 12th in the NFL and the finest in Green Bay since 1969. His gross mark of 44.4 was the fourth-best in club history.<ref name="finest">{{cite web | url =http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=746570 | title = Camp helped DeBauche kick away woes | publisher = JS Online | accessdate = 2008-05-02 |archiveurl = //web.archive.org/web/20080503202422/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=746570  |archivedate = 2008-05-03}}</ref>

Ryan was released by the Packers on September 1, 2008.<ref>http://www.packers.com/news/releases/2008/09/01/1/</ref>

===Seattle Seahawks===
{{Prose|section|date=October 2014}}
====2008-2009====
Following Week 1 of the 2008 regular season, Ryan signed with the [[Seattle Seahawks]] on September 9. In Week 8 against the [[San Francisco 49ers]], he kicked a 63 yd punt, a 60 yd punt and a 55 yd punt. He had a great 2008 season and finished with 78 punts averaging 45.6 yards.

====2009-2010====
In his Week 6 game of the 2009-2010 NFL season, he threw a 42 yard pass against the [[Arizona Cardinals]] to garner a 119 QB rating for the season.
After the 2009/2010 Season Jon Ryan signed a six-year, $9.1 million contract with $1.9 million guaranteed and $1.6 million in signing bonus. He was also named a [[Pro Bowl]] alternate for his fantastic 2009 season.

====2010-2011====
On October 17, in a game against the [[Chicago Bears]], Jon was hit by [[Earl Bennett]] while trying to make a tackle on [[Devin Hester]]'s 89 yard punt return for a touchdown. Jon's ribs were injured, but not fractured.

Jon Ryan played in the final game of the 2010 regular season against the [[St. Louis Rams]] and landed a punt on the 2 yard line on the fly towards the end of the first quarter. Later, in the fourth quarter, he pinned the Rams inside of their own 10 yard line again, this time kicking it down to the 7 yard line. His efforts helped the [[Seattle Seahawks]] secure the final playoff spot remaining in the [[2010 NFL season]]. This marks the first time that a team with a losing record (7-9) has made the NFL playoffs as a Division Champion (NFC West).

====2013-2014====
On February 2, 2014, Ryan became the first player from Saskatchewan to win the Super Bowl.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/m/news/canada/saskatchewan/cbc-saskatchewan-2014-the-top-sports-stories-1.2882977|title=CBC Saskatchewan: 2014 the top sports stories|website=CBC News|date=Dec 31, 2014|accessdate=January 15, 2015}}</ref>

====2015====
On January 18, 2015, during the third quarter of the [[NFC Championship Game]], Ryan threw a touchdown pass to [[Garry Gilliam]]. He became the first punter to throw a touchdown pass in a NFL playoff game and the first Canadian to do so in over two decades.

==Personal life==
Ryan is currently engaged to American stand-up comedian [[Sarah Colonna]].<ref>http://cover32.com/seahawks/2014/07/15/seahawks-punter-jon-ryan-has-a-future-as-a-comedian/</ref><ref>http://blogs.theprovince.com/2014/06/09/chelsea-lately-regular-sarah-colonna-on-her-canadian-super-bowl-boyfriend-and-survival-in-show-biz/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Jon-Ryan/2dac44f2-a372-4702-be7c-8eca8e7b6b64 Seattle Seahawks bio]

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box | title=[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers|Winnipeg Blue Bombers punters]] | before=[[Troy Westwood]] | years=2004–2005| after=[[Troy Westwood]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Green Bay Packers|Green Bay Packers punters]] | before=[[B. J. Sander]] | years=2006–2007| after=[[Derrick Frost]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Seattle Seahawks|Seattle Seahawks punters]] | before=[[Ryan Plackemeier]] | years=2008–present| after=TBD}}
{{s-end}}

{{CurrentNFLPunters}}
{{Seattle Seahawks roster navbox}}
{{Super Bowl XLVIII}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Ryan, Jonathan Robert
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Ryan, Jon
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Professional football player
|DATE OF BIRTH=1981-11-26
|PLACE OF BIRTH=Regina, Saskatchewan
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryan, Jon}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Canadian football punters]]
[[Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players]]
[[Category:American football punters]]
[[Category:Canadian players of American football]]
[[Category:Green Bay Packers players]]
[[Category:Ed Block Courage Award recipients]]
[[Category:Seattle Seahawks players]]
[[Category:Regina Rams football players]]
[[Category:Super Bowl champions]]

Serious Fraud Office (Neuseeland)

2014-12-15T20:18:44Z

Mattlore: removed Category:Law enforcement in New Zealand; added Category:Specialist law enforcement agencies of New Zealand‎ using HotCat

{{Infobox Government agency
|agency_name = Serious Fraud Office Te Tari Hara Taware
|nativename =
|logo =
|logo_width =
|logo_caption =
|seal =
|seal_width =
|seal_caption =
|formed = 1990
|preceding1 =
|dissolved =
|superseding =
|jurisdiction = [[New Zealand]]
|headquarters = Level 6, 21 Queen St, [[Auckland CBD|Auckland]] [[Auckland Region|AUCKLAND]] 1010
|employees =
|budget = '''Vote Serious Fraud''' Total budget for 2014/15 $7,695,000<ref>http://www.treasury.govt.nz/budget/2014/summarytables/estimates/09.htm</ref>
|minister1_name = '''[[Michael Woodhouse|Hon Michael Woodhouse]]''' - Minister of Police
|minister1_pfo =
|minister2_name =
|minister2_pfo =
|minister3_name =
|minister3_pfo =
|chief1_name = '''Julie Read''' - Chief Executive / Director
|chief1_position =
|chief2_name =
|chief2_position =
|parent_agency =
|child1_agency =
|website = [http://www.sfo.govt.nz sfo.govt.nz]
|footnotes =
}}
The '''Serious Fraud Office (SFO)''' ([[Māori language|Māori]]: ''Te Tari Hara Tāware'') is the public service department of New Zealand charged with detecting, investigating and prosecuting financial crimes of a serious and complex nature in cooperation with the [[New Zealand Police]]. 

The SFO is based upon its [[Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)|UK counterpart]] as established by the Serious Fraud Office Act 1990. 

Suspects questioned by the SFO have no right to silence and must answer questions and produce requested evidence, even if it incriminates them.<ref>SFO Act s.27</ref> Anyone who refuses to comply can be jailed.<ref>SFO Act s.45</ref>

==Proposal to replace the SFO==
The [[Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand|previous Labour government]] announced in September 2007 that the SFO would be replaced by a new [[Organised and Financial Crime Agency of New Zealand|Organised Crime Agency]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10462969 |title=SFO to be scrapped in favour of new Organised Crime Agency |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |author=Newstalk ZB |date=2007-09-11 |accessdate=2010-10-21 }}</ref>

However, the bill to disband the SFO was delayed by the inquiry into donations received by the political party [[New Zealand First]]. After the [[New Zealand general election, 2008|2008 general election]], the new Prime Minister [[John Key]] informed Parliament that the SFO would not be disbanded.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/754817 |title=Serious Fraud Office saved from axe |newspaper= Stuff.co.nz |publisher=Farifax |author=NZPA |date=2008-12-10 |accessdate=2010-10-21 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Corruption in New Zealand]]
*[[Crime in New Zealand]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sfo.govt.nz/ Serious Fraud Office]
*[http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0051/latest/DLM210990.html Serious Fraud Office Act 1990]

{{NZ Public Service Departments}}

[[Category:Government agencies of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Specialist law enforcement agencies of New Zealand‎]]
[[Category:Fraud in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1990]]

Moehau

2012-07-03T03:53:13Z

Mattlore: cites needed

{{for|mountain range|Moehau Range}}
The '''Moehau''' is reputed to be a large, hairy [[hominid]] [[cryptid]] in the [[Coromandel Peninsula|Coromandel]]-[[Moehau Range|Moehau]] ranges of [[New Zealand|New Zealand's]] [[North Island]].

The most common explanation for the Hairy Moehau is that it is a [[gorilla]].{{cn}}

However, in 1970, County Councillor J. Reddy told Robyn Gosset that the Hairy Moehau was an exaggeration started from a joke.{{cn}}

Also in 1970, Bob Grey told researcher Robyn Gosset that the term “Moehau Monster” came from a name given to a Yankee steam hauler that was utilized for logging. In ''New Zealand Mysteries'' by Nicola McCloy, the author discredits both theories by citing several Moehau sightings during the early 19th century.{{cn}}

==See also==
*[[Maero]]
*[[the Catlins]]

==References==
*Alpers, Antony, ''Maori Myths and Tribal Legends'', John Murray, London, 1964

*Beattie, Herries, ''Maori Lore of Lake, Alp and Fiord'', Otago Daily Times and Witness Newspapers Co. Ltd., Dunedin, 1945

*Gosset, Robyn, ''New Zealand Mysteries 2nd Edition'', The Bush Press of New Zealand, Auckland, 1996

*''In Search of the Hairy Hill Horror'', New Truth, February 15, 1991

{{Cryptozoology}}

[[Category:New Zealand culture]]
[[Category:Hominid cryptids]]

Chris Dickson

2011-11-24T06:09:07Z

Mattlore: added Category:Oracle Racing sailors using HotCat

[[Image:chris.dickson.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dickson in holiday mode at [[Matakana]], New Zealand]]
'''Christopher Stuart (Chris) Dickson''', born 3 November 1961 in [[Auckland]], is an internationally known [[sailor]] from [[New Zealand]]. He was world youth champion three years in succession<ref name="Youth World Champions">[http://www.sailing.org/25674.php Youth World Champions]</ref> and later became [[World Match Racing Tour|world match race]] champion three times.<ref>[http://www.worldmatchracingtour.com/da/10920 World match racing tour results]</ref> He also skippered several yachts in [[America's Cup]] racing, and for [[New Zealand at the 2000 Summer Olympics]], and in numerous other sailing competitions.

As skipper of ''Tokio''  he looked set to win the W60 class in the 1993-94 Whitbread Round the World race until the boat was dismasted in the fifth leg.<ref>[http://www.seahorsemagazine.com/1999-April/contrib.htm Seahorse International Sailing]</ref> He also skippered [[Larry Ellison]]'s 78 foot [[maxi yacht]] ''Sayonara'' to line honours in the 1998 [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] <ref>[http://www.cyca.com.au/sysfile/downloads/Winners%201945%20to%202005.pdf Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race Winners 1945-2005]</ref> and in four world championship regattas.

==Early sailing career==
Dickson sailed from an early age, starting out in the [[Sabot (dinghy)|Sabot]] and [[P-class yacht|P Class]] boats, before graduating to [[Laser (dinghy)|Laser]]s and [[470 (dinghy)|470]]s. In 1977 he won both the [[Tanner Cup]] and [[Tauranga Cup]] for P Class events with a perfect zero points score in both. These events were subsequently won by other noted New Zealand skippers, [[Russell Coutts]] (1978) and [[Dean Barker (yachtsman)|Dean Barker]] (1988). By the time he turned 15 he had won every regatta possible, from match racing between clubs to provincial and national championships.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6DE1138F931A25752C0A961948260&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Rush to success for Dickson]</ref>

==Youth world champion==
The year after his Tanner-Tauranga cups double, Dickson won the first of his three [[International Sailing Federation|ISAF Youth World Championships]], with David McKay in the 420 at [[Perth, Western Australia]]. He won again the following year in the 420
at [[Livorno]], [[Italy]]with his high school class mate Hamish Wilcox , and again the following year (1980) at [[Fort Worth]], [[Texas]] in the Laser 11 with Sean Reeves.<ref name="Youth World Champions"/>

==Olympic Games==
Selected in the New Zealand team as reserve for the 1980 summer Olympics in Russia. At the [[New Zealand at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Olympic Games]] in [[Sydney]], Dickson and crewmate Glen Sowry sailed well in the [[Tornado]] [[catamaran]] but finished fifth overall after recording two results outside the top 10, (fifteenth in Race 4 and twelfth in Race 12).

==America's Cup==
Dickson appeared on the [[America's Cup]] scene in 1987 when he was skipper of New Zealand’s first America's Cup challenge [[KZ 7]] in the [[1987 America's Cup]] at [[Fremantle]], [[Australia]]. He was beaten that year by the eventual winner [[Dennis Conner]] and [[Stars & Stripes 87]] in the [[1987 Louis Vuitton Cup|Louis Vuitton Cup]] Final after winning 33 of 34 races in the round-robin phases and sweeping French Kiss 4-0 in the semi-finals.

Since 1987, Dickson has been prominent in the international sailing world, particularly around the America's Cup.

* 1987: skipper of Kiwi Magic (KZ 7), challenger entrant, finished second in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 1992: skipper of Nippon (JPN 26), challenger entrant, finished third in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 1995: Owner and skipper of Tag Heuer (NZL 39), challenger entrant, finished third in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 2003: skipper of Oracle BMW Racing (USA 76), challenger entrant, finished second in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 2006/2007: CEO and skipper of [[BMW Oracle Racing]], challenger of record for the [[2007 America's Cup]]

The 2007 America's Cup was a bad experience for Dickson, who by this time had become one of the highest paid sailors in the world.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/americas-cup-stormy-waters-450573.html Americas Cup:Stormy Waters]</ref> He resigned his position as CEO of BMW Oracle Racing because of a devastating 1-5 loss in the [[Louis Vuitton Cup 2007|2007 Louis Vuitton Cup]] at the hands of semi-finals opponent [[Luna Rossa Challenge]]. Luna Rossa's helmsman [[James Spithill]] dominated the veteran Dickson in all the pre-starts.

In race 5, Dickson incurred two penalties during the pre-start and was ordered to stand down for race 6. Five days later, Dickson resigned from the team, saying it was time for him to "step aside" and for the team "to move on". Software billionaire Larry Ellison, the owner of the BMW Oracle team, subsequently officially announced his intentions to launch a challenge for the [[America's Cup (33rd edition)|33rd America's Cup]].

==Family life==
Dickson and his wife, Sue, and two young children live in Auckland,<ref>[http://www.sailinganarchy.com/innerview/2003/chrisdickson.htm Ten questions with Chris Dickson]</ref> and he has become less active in competitive sailing.

==Current Sailing==
After a two year absence from racing, Dickson returned to competitive sailing in 2009 as helmsman of ''Vincitore'', finishing 1st in class and 1st overall at the IRC San Francisco Big Boat Series. He also acted as tactician on ''Full Metal Jacket'' in the China Sea Regatta (Hong Kong), finishing in second place. He continued to act as tactician on ''Full Metal Jacket'' at the Kings Cup (Phuket), finishing in fourth place and then was skipper in the New Zealand Match Racing Championships competing with a youth crew and finishing third.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.sailinganarchy.com/innerview/2003/chrisdickson.htm

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Dickson, Chris
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dickson, Chris}}
[[Category:New Zealand yacht racers]]
[[Category:America's Cup sailors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 America's Cup]]
[[Category:Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]]
[[Category:Former students of Westlake Boys High School]]
[[Category:Oracle Racing sailors]]

[[fr:Chris Dickson]]
[[it:Chris Dickson]]
[[ja:クリス・ディクソン]]

Don Beaven

2011-08-19T01:47:20Z

Mattlore: removed Category:New Zealand knights using HotCat

{{Infobox medical person
|name = Sir Donald Ward Beaven
|box_width =
|image = Don Beaven by Simon Baker NZ Herald.jpg
|image_width =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|08|31}}
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2009|11|04|1924|08|31}}
|death_place = [[Little Akaloa]], [[Banks Peninsula]]
|profession =
|specialism =
|research_field = Diabetes
|known_for =
|years_active =
|education = [[University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine]][[Harvard Medical School]]<ref name="PressObit">{{cite news |title=A life most notable (Obituary) |work=[[The Press]] |last = Crean |first = Mike |location=[[Christchurch, New Zealand]] |date=7 Nov 2009 |accessdate=7 November 2009}}</ref>
|work_institutions =
|prizes =
|relations =
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
Professor '''Sir Donald Ward Beaven''', [[KNZM]], [[CBE]] (31 August 1924 – 4 November 2009) was a [[New Zealand]] medical researcher in the area of [[diabetes]] treatment and prevention.<ref name="Diabetes">
{{Cite journal
|last = Home |first = Elizabeth
| title = A Canterbury Tale: This is your life, Don Beaven
| journal = Diabetes Voice
| volume = 49
| issue = 2
| pages = 42–44
| date = June 2004
| url=http://www.diabetesvoice.org/files/attachments/article_286_en.pdf }}</ref>

He commenced full-time teaching and research at the [[Christchurch School of Medicine]] in 1960,<ref name="UOC-History">{{cite web
| publisher = University of Otago, Christchurch
| url = http://www.uoc.otago.ac.nz/about/history.htm
| title = University of Otago, Christchurch - History
| accessdate = 5 November 2009
}}</ref> and was appointed Foundation Professor in 1971.<ref name="CMDS">{{cite web
| publisher = University of Canterbury
| url = http://www.cmds.canterbury.ac.nz/people/beaven.shtml
| title = Sir Don Beaven
| accessdate = 5 November 2009
}}</ref> The Beaven Lecture Theatre in the School bears his name.

Professor Beaven was made a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1988 for ''"services to Medicine and the community"'',<ref name="Gazette1988">{{London Gazette|issue=51580 |date=30 December 1988 |startpage=33 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-11-05}}</ref> and a Distinguished Companion of the [[New Zealand Order of Merit]] in the 2005 New Year Honours list for ''"services to persons with diabetes"''.<ref name="Honours2005">{{cite web
| publisher = Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
| url = http://dpmc.govt.nz/honours/lists/list.asp?id=28
| title = DPMC - New Zealand Honours, New Year Honours 2005
| accessdate = 5 November 2009
}}</ref> He accepted a knighthood in August 2009 after the restoration of the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of New Zealand|former honours system]].<ref name="Honours2009">{{cite web
| publisher = Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
| url = http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/honours/lists/list.asp?id=46
| title = DPMC - New Zealand Honours, Special List - 1 August 2009
| accessdate = 5 November 2009
}}</ref> In March 2009, Professor Beaven was commemorated as one of the [[Twelve Local Heroes]], and a bronze bust of him was unveiled outside the [[Christchurch Arts Centre]].<ref name="Heroes">{{Cite book
| last = Whyte
| first = Mark
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Twelve Local Heroes : a celebration : set of bronze busts commissioned by the Local Heroes Trust
| publisher = Christchurch Art Gallery / Te Puna o Waiwhetu, 2009
| year = 2009
| location = [[Christchurch, New Zealand]]
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 9780473148782}}</ref>

An advocate of the [[Mediterranean diet]], Don Beaven helped establish the [[South Island]] wine industry, planting vineyards and olive groves around [[Christchurch]] and [[Banks Peninsula]].<ref name="PressObit"/><ref name="Diabetes"/>

Professor Beaven died fighting a house fire in his [[Bach (New Zealand)|bach]] in Little Akaloa on Banks Peninsula.<ref name="ThePress">{{cite news |title=Sir Don Beaven feared dead after house fire |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch/3032498/Sir-Don-Beaven-feared-dead-after-house-fire |work=[[The Press]] |last=Steward |first=Ian |location=[[Christchurch, New Zealand]] |date=5 Nov 2009 |accessdate=5 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="NZH">{{cite news |title=Renowned professor feared dead in fire |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10607369 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |location=[[Auckland, New Zealand]] |date=5 Nov 2009 |accessdate=5 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="TVNZ">{{cite news |title=Renowned medical professor feared dead after Chch fire |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/renowned-professor-feared-dead-after-fire-3113039 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |location=[[New Zealand]] |date=5 Nov 2009 |accessdate=5 November 2009}}</ref> A memorial service for Prof. Beaven held in the [[Christchurch Town Hall]] on December 19, 2009 was attended by nearly 1000 people.<ref name="ThePress2">{{cite news |title=Medal to honour work of diabetes expert |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch/3178223/Medal-to-honour-work-of-diabetes-expert |work=[[The Press]] |last=Crean |first=Mike |location=[[Christchurch, New Zealand]] |date=19 Dec 2009 |accessdate=19 Dec 2009}}</ref> At the memorial, the chair of the [[Health Research Council of New Zealand]] announced that the Emeritus Professor Sir Donald Ward Beaven Medal for Diabetes Research would be presented to the New Zealand researcher who makes the greatest contribution to diabetes research each year.<ref name="ThePress2"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.cmrf.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=e2smarty_category&sectionid=2&id=4&Itemid=12#Don_Beaven_Travelling_Fellowship Don Beaven Travelling Fellowship], Canterbury Medical Research Foundation
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=PureSearch&db=PubMed&term=%28Beaven%20DW%5BAuthor%20Name%5D%29 Don Beaven publications] on [[PubMed]]
*[http://www.cmds.canterbury.ac.nz/people/beaven.shtml Profile], Department of Communication Disorders, University of Canterbury

{{Twelve Local Heroes}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Beaven, Don
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 August 1924
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 4 November 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Little Akaloa]], [[Banks Peninsula]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beaven, Don}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in New Zealand]]
[[Category:People from Christchurch]]
[[Category:University of Otago faculty]]

{{NewZealand-scientist-stub}}

[[nl:Don Beaven]]

Martin Crowe (Cricketspieler)

2011-01-23T20:57:08Z

Mattlore: added Category:New Zealand national cricket team selectors using HotCat

{{For|the Emmerdale character|Martin Crowe (Emmerdale)}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| playername = Martin Crowe
| image =
| country = New Zealand
| fullname = Martin David Crowe
| living = true
| dayofbirth = 22
| monthofbirth = 09
| yearofbirth = 1962
| placeofbirth = [[Henderson, New Zealand|Henderson]], [[Auckland]]
| countryofbirth = [[New Zealand]]
| dayofdeath =
| monthofdeath =
| yearofdeath =
| placeofdeath =
| countryofdeath =
| nickname =
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-hand bat
| bowling = Right-arm medium
| role = Batsman
| family = [[Dave Crowe]] (father) [[Jeff Crowe]] (brother) [[Russell Crowe]] (cousin)
| international = true
| testdebutdate = February 2
| testdebutyear = 1982
| testdebutagainst = Australia
| testcap =
| lasttestdate = November 8
| lasttestyear = 1995
| lasttestagainst = India
| odidebutdate = February 13
| odidebutyear = 1982
| odidebutagainst = Australia
| odicap =
| lastodidate = November 29
| lastodiyear = 1995
| lastodiagainst = India
| odishirt =
| club1 = Auckland
| year1 = 1979-1983
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = Central Districts
| year2 = 1983-1990
| clubnumber2 =
| club3 = Somerset
| year3 = 1984-1988
| clubnumber3 =
| club4 = Wellington
| year4 = 1990-1995
| clubnumber4 =
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 77
| runs1 = 5444
| bat avg1 = 45.36
| 100s/50s1 = 17/18
| top score1 = 299
| deliveries1 = 1377
| wickets1 = 14
| bowl avg1 = 48.28
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/25
| catches/stumpings1 = 71/0
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 143
| runs2 = 4704
| bat avg2 = 38.55
| 100s/50s2 = 4/34
| top score2 = 107[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 954
| wickets2 = 29
| bowl avg2 = 32.89
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = -
| best bowling2 = 2/9
| catches/stumpings2 = 66/0
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 247
| runs3 = 19608
| bat avg3 = 56.02
| 100s/50s3 = 71/80
| top score3 = 299
| deliveries3 = 4010
| wickets3 = 119
| bowl avg3 = 99.69
| fivefor3 = 4
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 5/18
| catches/stumpings3 = 226/0
| column4 = [[List-A]]
| matches4 = 261
| runs4 = 8740
| bat avg4 = 38.16
| 100s/50s4 = 11/59
| top score4 = 155*
| deliveries4 = 2859
| wickets4 = 99
| bowl avg4 = 28.87
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = -
| best bowling4 = 4/24
| catches/stumpings4 = 115/0
| date = May 30
| year = 2009
| source = http://content.cricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/36622.html CricInfo
}}

'''Martin David Crowe''' (born September 22, 1962 in [[Henderson, New Zealand]]) is a former [[New Zealand]] [[cricket]]er. He was a [[Wisden Cricketer of the Year]] in 1985, and was credited as one of the "best young batsmen in the world".<ref name="cricpro">{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/36622.html|title=Player Profile: Martin Crowe|publisher=CricInfo|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> Crowe represented [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] from the early 1980s until his retirement in 1996 as a right-handed batsman.<ref name="cricpro" /> Through the early part of his career he was also a medium-pace [[Bowler (cricket)|bowler]]. He captained New Zealand in the early 1990s, and during this period he brought many innovations, such as opening with spin bowlers and utilising pinch hitting batsmen.
==Early life==
Crowe was born in September 1962 in Henderson, Auckland, to [[Dave Crowe]], a former New Zealand domestic cricketer. Crowe's brother, [[Jeff Crowe|Jeff]], also represented New Zealand at international level, and both are cousins of actor [[Russell Crowe]].<ref>Crowe attended [[Auckland Grammar School]] and made his first class debut for Auckland against Canturbury aged 17. He scored 51.

{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/guides/halloffame/showbiz/russellcrowe.shtml|title=Russell Crowe Russell Crowe Revealed... the Hollywood actor's family ties with Wrexham. |publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref>

==Domestic cricket==
Crowe represented four domestic cricket teams in his career, [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]], [[Central Districts cricket team|Central Districts]], [[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] and [[Wellington cricket team|Wellington]].<ref name="cricpro" /> He scored nearly 20,000 first-class runs, with 71 centuries.<ref name="capro">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1668/1668.html|title=Player Profile: Martin Crowe|publisher=Cricket Archive|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> His average of 56.02 is one of the highest first-class averages of all time.

==International career==
He played 77 [[Test cricket|test matches]], averaging 45.65 with the bat, including 17 centuries and 18 half-centuries. He also played 143 [[One Day International]], averaging 38.55, and hit four centuries and 34 half-centuries.<ref name="cricpro" /> In 1991, he shared a 467-run partnership with [[Andrew Jones (cricketer)|Andrew Jones]], at the time the highest partnership in Test history and in 2009 remained the third highest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283573.html|title=Test matches - Highest partnerships for any wicket|publisher=CricInfo|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> Crowe was dismissed on 299, the highest innings by a New Zealander in Test history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1;id=5;type=team|title=High scores - New Zealand - Test matches|publisher=CricInfo|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] considers him to be one of the three best batsmen he has seen along with [[Viv Richards]] and [[Ricky Ponting]].<ref>{{cite news| title = Inzamam misses record in farewell| publisher = [[BBC News]]| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/7041258.stm| accessdate = 2007-10-13 | date=2007-10-12 | location=London}}</ref>

He also made the highest number of runs in the 1992 Cricket World Cup, in which New Zealand came first in the league round before losing to fourth-qualified Pakistan in the semifinal.

Whilst captaining in the 1992 World Cup, New Zealand lost only two matches. Former captain of Pakistan cricket team, [[Rameez Raja]] said
{{quote|Martin Crowe was an imaginative leader who maximized his team's potential and resources by thoughtful captaincy and out-of-the-box tactics to flummox oppositions. He used the local conditions brilliantly and made the opposition think and admit to New Zealand's presence in the 1992 World Cup. His famous trick was Deepak Patel with the new ball, which turned out to be a master stroke, a move that was tailor-made to extract advantage out of New Zealand pitches and it stunned the opposition with a bit of drama as well. The off spinner showed great control with the new ball and bowled an aggressive line to pick up wickets. For me, Martin Crowe was the captain of the 1992 World Cup<ref>http://www.cricinfo.com/talk/content/multimedia/282529.html</ref>}}

==Coaching==
After his retirement, Crowe helped develop a local variation of cricket, called "[[Short form cricket#Cricket Max|Cricket Max]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/67577.html|title=Cricket Max - The Game Invented By Martin Crowe|date=February 2, 1996|publisher=CricInfo|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> and became a television commentator and pundit. He is currently a board member of the [[South Sydney Rabbitohs]] Rugby League Football Club which Russell Crowe is part owner of. He has joined the management team of [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]], a team which participated in the [[Indian Premier League]], a [[Twenty20]] cricket tournament held in Apr–Jun 2008.<ref name="crowe">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/4411230a1823.html|work=Stuff.co.nz|author=Chris Barclay|title=Martin Crowe gets in on Indian Twenty20 action|date=2008-02-22|accessdate=2008-02-22}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=newzealand/content/player/36622.html}}
* [http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1668/1668.html Player Profile: Martin Crowe] from [[Cricket Archive]]

[[Image:Martin Crowe Graph.png|left|thumb|350px|Martin Crowe's career performance graph.]]

{{start box}}
{{succession box|
before=[[John Wright (cricketer)|John Wright]]|
title=[[New Zealand national cricket captains|New Zealand national cricket captain]] |
years=1990/1-1992/3 |
after=[[Ken Rutherford (cricketer)|Ken Rutherford]]
}}
{{end box}}
{{New Zealand Squad 1983 Cricket World Cup}}
{{New Zealand Squad 1987 Cricket World Cup}}
{{New Zealand Squad 1992 Cricket World Cup}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Crowe, Martin
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1962-09-22
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Henderson, New Zealand|Henderson]], [[Auckland]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crowe, Martin}}
[[Category:New Zealand cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand One Day International captains]]
[[Category:New Zealand One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:New Zealand Test captains]]
[[Category:New Zealand Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Auckland cricketers]]
[[Category:Central Districts cricketers]]
[[Category:Somerset cricketers]]
[[Category:Wellington cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Former students of Auckland Grammar School]]
[[Category:Wisden Leading Cricketers in the World]]
[[Category:New Zealand national cricket team selectors]]

[[bn:মার্টিন ক্রো]]
[[mr:मार्टिन क्रोव]]

Chris Dickson

2010-12-23T02:18:25Z

Mattlore: removed Category:America's Cup; added Category:America's Cup sailors using HotCat

[[Image:chris.dickson.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dickson in holiday mode at [[Matakana]], New Zealand]]
'''Christopher Stuart (Chris) Dickson''', born 3 November 1961 in [[Auckland]], is an internationally known [[sailor]] from [[New Zealand]]. He was world youth champion three years in succession<ref name="Youth World Champions">[http://www.sailing.org/25674.php Youth World Champions]</ref> and later became [[World Match Racing Tour|world match race]] champion three times.<ref>[http://www.worldmatchracingtour.com/da/10920 World match racing tour results]</ref> He also skippered several yachts in [[America's Cup]] racing, and for [[New Zealand at the 2000 Summer Olympics]], and in numerous other sailing competitions.

As skipper of ''Tokio''  he looked set to win the W60 class in the 1993-94 Whitbread Round the World race until the boat was dismasted in the fifth leg<ref>[http://www.seahorsemagazine.com/1999-April/contrib.htm Seahorse International Sailing]</ref>. He also skippered [[Larry Ellison]]'s 78 foot [[maxi yacht]] ''Sayonara'' to line honours in the 1998 [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] <ref>[http://www.cyca.com.au/sysfile/downloads/Winners%201945%20to%202005.pdf Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race Winners 1945-2005]</ref> and in four world championship regattas.

==Early sailing career==
Dickson sailed from an early age, starting out in the [[Sabot (dinghy)|Sabot]] and [[P-class yacht|P Class]] boats, before graduating to [[Laser (dinghy)|Laser]]s and [[470 (dinghy)|470]]s. In 1977 he won both the [[Tanner Cup]] and [[Tauranga Cup]] for P Class events with a perfect zero points score in both. These events were subsequently won by other noted New Zealand skippers, [[Russell Coutts]] (1978) and [[Dean Barker (yachtsman)|Dean Barker]] (1988). By the time he turned 15 he had won every regatta possible, from match racing between clubs to provincial and national championships.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6DE1138F931A25752C0A961948260&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Rush to success for Dickson]</ref>

==Youth world champion==
The year after his Tanner-Tauranga cups double, Dickson won the first of his three [[International Sailing Federation|ISAF Youth World Championships]], with David McKay in the 420 at [[Perth, Western Australia]]. He won again the following year in the 420
at [[Livorno]], [[Italy]]with his high school class mate Hamish Wilcox , and again the following year (1980) at [[Fort Worth]], [[Texas]] in the Laser 11 with Sean Reeves.<ref name="Youth World Champions"/>

==Olympic Games==
Selected in the New Zealand team as reserve for the 1980 summer Olympics in Russia. At the [[New Zealand at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Olympic Games]] in [[Sydney]], Dickson and crewmate Glen Sowry sailed well in the [[Tornado]] [[catamaran]] but finished fifth overall after recording two results outside the top 10, (fifteenth in Race 4 and twelfth in Race 12).

==America's Cup==
Dickson appeared on the [[America's Cup]] scene in 1987 when he was skipper of New Zealand’s first America's Cup challenge [[KZ 7]] in the [[1987 America's Cup]] at [[Fremantle]], [[Australia]]. He was beaten that year by the eventual winner [[Dennis Conner]] and [[Stars & Stripes 87]] in the [[1987 Louis Vuitton Cup|Louis Vuitton Cup]] Final after winning 33 of 34 races in the round-robin phases and sweeping French Kiss 4-0 in the semi-finals.

Since 1987, Dickson has been prominent in the international sailing world, particularly around the America's Cup.

* 1987: skipper of Kiwi Magic (KZ 7), challenger entrant, finished second in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 1992: skipper of Nippon (JPN 26), challenger entrant, finished third in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 1995: Owner and skipper of Tag Heuer (NZL 39), challenger entrant, finished third in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 2003: skipper of Oracle BMW Racing (USA 76), challenger entrant, finished second in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 2006/2007: CEO and skipper of [[BMW Oracle Racing]], challenger of record for the [[2007 America's Cup]]

The 2007 America's Cup was a bad experience for Dickson, who by this time had become one of the highest paid sailors in the world.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/americas-cup-stormy-waters-450573.html Americas Cup:Stormy Waters]</ref> He resigned his position as CEO of BMW Oracle Racing because of a devastating 1-5 loss in the [[Louis Vuitton Cup 2007|2007 Louis Vuitton Cup]] at the hands of semi-finals opponent [[Luna Rossa Challenge]]. Luna Rossa's helmsman [[James Spithill]] dominated the veteran Dickson in all the pre-starts.

In race 5, Dickson incurred two penalties during the pre-start and was ordered to stand down for race 6. Five days later, Dickson resigned from the team, saying it was time for him to "step aside" and for the team "to move on". Software billionaire Larry Ellison, the owner of the BMW Oracle team, subsequently officially announced his intentions to launch a challenge for the [[America's Cup (33rd edition)|33rd America's Cup]].

==Family life==
Dickson and his wife, Sue, and two young children live in Auckland<ref>[http://www.sailinganarchy.com/innerview/2003/chrisdickson.htm Ten questions with Chris Dickson]</ref>, and he has become less active in competitive sailing.

==Current Sailing==
After a two year absence from racing, Dickson returned to competitive sailing in 2009 as helmsman of ''Vincitor'', finishing 1st in class and 1st overall at the IRC San Francisco Big Boat Series. He also acted as tactician on ''Full Metal Jacket'' in the China Sea Regatta (Hong Kong), finishing in second place. He continued to act as tactician on ''Full Metal Jacket'' at the Kings Cup (Phuket), finishing in fourth place and then was skipper in the New Zealand Match Racing Championships competing with a youth crew and finishing third.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.sailinganarchy.com/innerview/2003/chrisdickson.htm

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dickson, Chris}}
[[Category:New Zealand yacht racers]]
[[Category:America's Cup sailors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 America's Cup]]
[[Category:Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]]
[[Category:Former students of Westlake Boys High School]]

[[fr:Chris Dickson]]
[[it:Chris Dickson]]
[[ja:クリス・ディクソン]]

Richard Seddon

2009-06-23T01:15:27Z

Mattlore: /* External links */ add templates

{{Infobox_Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Richard John Seddon
| honorific-suffix = MP
|image=RichardSeddon1905.jpg
|caption=Rt. Hon. Richard Seddon in 1905.
|order=15th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]<ref>The title "Prime Minister" was used by Richard Seddon after 1901, following New Zealand's self-exclusion from the [[Federation of Australia]].See: {{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/P/PrimeMinistersOfNewZealand/TheTitlepremier/en|title=Prime Minister: The Title "Premier"|publisher=Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1966|accessdate=2007-08-27}}</ref>
|monarch=[[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]
|term_start=27 April 1893
|term_end=10 June 1906
|predecessor=[[John Ballance]]
|successor=[[William Hall-Jones]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1845|6|22|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Eccleston, Merseyside|Eccleston]], [[England]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1906|6|10|1845|6|22|df=y}}
|death_place=At sea
|spouse=Louisa Jane Spotswood, married 1869, nine children
|party=[[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal]]
|constituency=[[Hokitika]], [[Kumara, New Zealand|Kumara]], [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]]
|religion=[[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
}}

'''Richard John Seddon''' (22 June 1845 - 10 June 1906), sometimes known as '''King Dick''', was the longest serving [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]]. He is regarded by some, including historian [[Keith Sinclair]], as one of New Zealand's greatest political leaders.{{1}}

==Early life==
Seddon was born in [[Eccleston]] near [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]] in [[Lancashire]], [[England]] in 1845. His father was a school headmaster, and his mother was a teacher. Despite this background, Seddon did not perform well at school, and was described as unruly. Despite his parents' attempt to give him a classical education, Seddon developed an interest in [[engineering]], but was removed from school at age 12. After a short time working on his grandfather's farm at [[Barrow Nook]] Hall, Seddon held various jobs at [[foundry|foundries]] in [[Liverpool]].

When he was 18 he emigrated to [[Australia]], and entered the railway workshops at [[Melbourne]]. He was caught by the gold fever and went to [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]], where he spent some time in the diggings. He did not meet with any great success. In either 1865 or 1866, he became engaged to Louisa Jane Spotswood, but her family would not permit marriage until Seddon was more financially secure.

In 1866, Seddon moved to New Zealand's [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]]. Initially, he worked the goldfields in [[Waimea, New Zealand|Waimea]]. He is believed to have prospered here, and he returned briefly to Melbourne to marry Louisa. He established a store, and then expanded his business to include the sale of alcohol, becoming a [[Public house|publican]].

His Father was Thomas Seddon who was born 1807, he married Jane Lindsay 8 Feb 1842 at Christ Church, Eccleston. Thomas and Jane had the following children:-
*Thomas born 1842, who died 1849
*Phoebe Ellen born 1843 who married William Cunliffe 9 May 1863 at Holy Trinity Church Eccleston.
*Richard John born 1845.
*Edward Youd, born 1847.
*William born 1849
*James born 1849
*Mary Jane born 1857.
Thomas Seddon was the son of Richard Seddon and Phoebe Prescot, was baptised St Peter & St Paul Ormskirk, 9 Apr 1817 and was buried 1871 in Australia.
Richard was born 1790 Halsall Lancashire, was baptised at Halsall Chapel 21 Feb 1790. He was the son of George Seddon and Ann Parkinson
Richard Seddon married Phoebe Prescot 3 Sep 1816, they had the following children :-
*Thomas born 1817
*Edward born 1818, he married Julia Armstrong Jun 1858
*William born 1819, he married Rachel Valentine 25 Nov 1845
*James born 1821, he married Margaret Aspinwall 6 Jan 1847
*Nathan born1822, he married Mary Ann Smith 1872
*Jane born 1825, she married John Tyler 1847
*John born 1827, he married Rosina Fishwick Sep 1868
*Robert born 1829, died 1842
*Ellen born 1832, she married Thomas Rothwell 1855

==Local politics==
Seddon's first real involvement with politics was with various local bodies, such as the Arahura Road Board. He was later elected to the council of [[Westland Province]], representing Arahura. Gradually, Seddon became known along the West Coast as an advocate for miners' rights and interests, and he was frequently consulted over various political issues.

In 1877, Seddon was elected as the first Mayor of [[Kumara, New Zealand|Kumara]], which was to become a prominent goldmining town. He had staked a claim in Kumara the previous year, and had shortly afterwards moved his business there. Despite occasional financial troubles (he filed for [[bankruptcy]] in 1878), his political career prospered.

==Entry to Parliament==
[[Image:Richard John Seddon in Samoa 1897.jpg|thumb|300px|Richard John Seddon and party in Samoa, 1897]]
Seddon first sought election to the [[New Zealand Parliament]] in the [[New Zealand general election 1875-1876|1876 elections]], standing for the seat of [[Hokitika (NZ electorate)|Hokitika]], but was unsuccessful. In the [[New Zealand general election 1879|1879 elections]], he tried again, and was elected. He represented Hokitika to 1881, then [[Kumara (NZ electorate)|Kumara]] from 1881 to 1890, then [[Westland (NZ electorate)|Westland]] from 1890 to 1906 (when he died).

In Parliament, Seddon aligned himself with [[George Edward Grey|George Grey]], a former [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor]] turned Premier. Seddon later claimed to be particularly close to Grey, although some historians believe that this was an invention for political purposes. Initially, Seddon was derided by many members of Parliament, who mocked his "provincial" accent (which tended to drop the letter "h") and his lack of formal education. He nevertheless proved quite effective in Parliament, being particularly good at "stonewalling" certain legislation. His political focus remained largely confined to the West Coast, and he had little interest in many other matters.

==Liberal Party==
[[Image:Richardseddonstatue.jpg|thumb|right|Richard Seddon's statue stands outside Parliament buildings in Wellington.]]
{{mainarticle|First Liberal Government of New Zealand}}
Seddon's first [[Ministers of the New Zealand Government|ministerial]] position was obtained when the [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]], led by [[John Ballance]], came to power in 1891. He may or may not have been offered various ministerial positions prior to this — if he was, he did not accept them.

Unlike Ballance, Seddon did not have any great commitment to philosophical [[liberalism]] — or, for that matter, to any ideology. Rather, he saw the Liberals as champions of "the common man" against large commercial interests and major landowners. His strong advocacy for what he saw as the interests of ordinary New Zealanders won him considerable popularity. Attacks by the opposition, which generally focused on his lack of education and sophistication (one opponent said of him that he was only "partially civilized") tended only to reinforce his new reputation as an enemy of elitism.

Seddon quickly became popular across the country. Some of his colleagues, however, were not as happy, accusing him of putting [[populism]] ahead of principle, and of being an [[anti-intellectualism|anti-intellectual]]. John Ballance, now Premier, had a deep commitment to liberal causes such as [[women's suffrage]] and [[Māori]] rights, which Seddon was not always as enthusiastic about. Nevertheless, many people in the Liberal Party believed that Seddon's popularity was a huge asset for the party, and Seddon developed a substantial following.

==Premiership==
{{seealso|First Liberal Government of New Zealand}}
In 1892, Ballance fell seriously ill and made Seddon acting leader of the House. After Ballance's death in 1893, the Governor-General [[David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow]] automatically asked Seddon to form a ministry. Despite the refusal of [[William Pember Reeves]] and [[Thomas Mackenzie]] to accept his leadership, Seddon managed to secure the backing of his Liberal Party colleagues as interim leader, with an understanding being reached that a full vote would occur when Parliament resumed sitting. Seddon's most prominent challenger was [[Robert Stout]], who — like Ballance — had a strong belief in liberal principles. Ballance himself had preferred Stout as his successor, but had died before being able to secure this aim. Despite Seddon's promise, however, there was no vote — by convincing his party colleagues that a leadership contest would split the party in two, or at least leave deep divisions, Seddon managed to secure a permanent hold on the leadership. Stout continued to be one of his strongest critics.

===Style of government===
Seddon was a strong premier, and enforced his authority with great vigour. At one point, he even commented that "A [[president]] is all we require", and that [[New Zealand Cabinet|Cabinet]] could be abolished. His opponents, both within the Liberal Party and in opposition, accused him of being an autocrat — the label "King Dick" was first applied to him at this point.

Seddon was also accused of [[cronyism]] — his friends and allies, particularly those from the West Coast, were given various political positions, while his enemies within the Liberal Party were frequently denied important office. Many of Seddon's appointees were not qualified for the positions that they received — Seddon valued loyalty above ability. One account, possibly apocryphal, claims that he installed an ally as a senior civil servant despite the man being illiterate. He was also accused of [[nepotism]] — in 1905, it was claimed that one of his sons had received an unauthorised payment, but this claim was proved false.

Seddon also accumulated a large number of portfolios for himself, including that of [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Minister of Finance]] (from which he displaced [[Joseph Ward]]), [[Minister of Labour (New Zealand)|Minister of Labour]] (from which he displaced [[William Pember Reeves]]), [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|Minister of Education]], [[Minister of Defence (New Zealand)|Minister of Defence]], [[Minister of Māori Affairs|Minister of Native Affairs]], and [[Minister of Immigration (New Zealand)|Minister of Immigration]].

As Minister of Native Affairs, Seddon took a generally "sympathetic" but "[[paternalism|paternalistic]]" approach. As Minister of Immigration, he was well-known for his hostility to [[China|Chinese]] immigration — the so-called "[[Yellow Peril]]" was an important part of his populist rhetoric, and he compared Chinese people to [[monkey]]s. In his first political speech in 1879 he had declared New Zealand did not wish her shores to be "deluged with Asiatic Tartars. I would sooner address white men than these Chinese. You can't talk to them, you can't reason with them. All you can get from them is 'No savvy'."

Successive governments had also shown a lack of firmness in dealing with Maori, he said: "The colony, instead of importing [[Gatling gun]]s with which to fight Maori, should wage war with locomotives" ... pushing through roads and railways and compulsorily purchasing "the land on both sides".<ref>"Ask That Mountain: The Story of Parihaka" by Dick Scott, Heinemann, 1975, Ch. 10.</ref>

===Policy===
One of the policies for which Seddon is most remembered is his Old-age Pensions Act of 1898, which established the basis of the [[welfare state]] built by [[Michael Joseph Savage]] and the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]. The early Labour Party often claimed a certain affinity with Seddon on this basis. Seddon put considerable weight behind the scheme, despite considerable opposition from many quarters. Its successful passage is often seen as a testament to Seddon's political power and influence. Other [[socialist]] programs attributed to Seddon include pensions for teachers and moves to improve housing for workers.
[[Image:Richardseddongrave.JPG|thumbnail|300px|right|Richard Seddon's grave in [[Wellington]]]]
Seddon's most notable failure to have his way, by contrast, was over the issue of [[Women's suffrage in New Zealand|women's suffrage]]. John Ballance, founder of the Liberal Party, had been a strong supporter of voting rights for women, declaring his belief in the "absolute equality of the sexes". Seddon, however, opposed women's suffrage. This resulted in considerable debate within the Liberal Party. Eventually, Seddon's opponents within the party managed to gather enough support for a women's suffrage bill to be passed despite Seddon's hostility. When Seddon realised that the passage of the bill was inevitable, he changed his position, claiming to accept the people's will. In actuality, however, he took strong measures to ensure that the [[New Zealand Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] would veto the bill, as it had done previously. Seddon's tactics in lobbying the Council were seen by many as underhand, and two Councillors, despite opposing suffrage, voted in favour of the bill in protest.

In the sphere of foreign policy, Seddon was a notable supporter of the [[British Empire]]. After he attended the Colonial Conference in London in 1897, he became known "as one of the pillars of British imperialism", and he was a strong supporter of the [[Second Boer War]] and of preferential trade between British colonies. He is also noted for his support of New Zealand's own "imperial" designs — Seddon believed that New Zealand should play a major role in the [[Pacific Islands]] as a "Britain of the South". Seddon's plans focused mainly on establishing New Zealand dominion over [[Fiji]] and [[Samoa]], but in the end, only the [[Cook Islands]] came under New Zealand's control during his term in office. (Samoa later came under New Zealand rule as well, but Fiji did not).

==Death==
[[Image:Seddontopofgrave.JPG|right|thumb|200px|The statue on the top of Seddon's grave.]]
Seddon remained Prime Minister for 13 years, but gradually, calls for him to retire became more frequent. Various attempts to replace him with [[Joseph Ward]] met with failure. While on the ''Oswestry Grange'' ship returning from a trip to Australia, however, Seddon was suddenly taken ill, and died. He was buried in [[Wellington]], with his grave being marked by a large monument.

==Legacy==
He has a statue outside Parliament Buildings. A [[Seddon, New Zealand|town in New Zealand]] and a [[Seddon, Australia|suburb]] of [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] are named after him. His son [[Thomas Seddon (New Zealand)|Thomas]] replaced him as MP for [[Westland]]. Wellington Zoo was originally created when a young lion was presented to the late [[Prime Minister]] [[Richard Seddon]] by the Bostock and Wombwell Circus. Seddon created the Zoo from this single specimen and the lion was later named [[King Dick]] in the [[Prime Minister]]'s honour. The stuffed body of King Dick (the [[lion]]) is displayed on the ground floor of the [[Museum of Wellington City & Sea]].

==References==
{{Commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1893seddon.html Prime Ministers’ Office biography]
*[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/richard-seddon-asleep Sketch of Richard Seddon asleep in Parliament during an all-night sitting, 1898]
*[http://www.hitormiss.co.nz/index_files/Page929.htm The Seddon-Stout struggle]
*''[http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-DruSedd.html The Life and Work of Richard John Seddon]'' by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, 1907. Book-length [[biography]], digitised by the [[New Zealand Electronic Text Centre]].

{{New Zealand prime ministers | before=[[John Ballance]] | after=[[William Hall-Jones]]| years=1893-1906}}
{{NZ Liberal Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seddon, Richard}}
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1906 deaths]]
[[Category:New Zealanders of English descent]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand miners]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:People from St Helens]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:People from the West Coast, New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand defence ministers]]

[[fa:ریچارد سدون]]
[[mi:Te Hētana]]
[[pl:Richard Seddon]]
[[ru:Седдон, Ричард]]
[[simple:Richard Seddon]]
[[fi:Richard Seddon]]
[[zh:理查德·塞登]]

Richard Seddon

2009-06-23T01:15:22Z

Mattlore: /* Legacy */ rmv template

{{Infobox_Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Richard John Seddon
| honorific-suffix = MP
|image=RichardSeddon1905.jpg
|caption=Rt. Hon. Richard Seddon in 1905.
|order=15th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]<ref>The title "Prime Minister" was used by Richard Seddon after 1901, following New Zealand's self-exclusion from the [[Federation of Australia]].See: {{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/P/PrimeMinistersOfNewZealand/TheTitlepremier/en|title=Prime Minister: The Title "Premier"|publisher=Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1966|accessdate=2007-08-27}}</ref>
|monarch=[[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]
|term_start=27 April 1893
|term_end=10 June 1906
|predecessor=[[John Ballance]]
|successor=[[William Hall-Jones]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1845|6|22|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Eccleston, Merseyside|Eccleston]], [[England]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1906|6|10|1845|6|22|df=y}}
|death_place=At sea
|spouse=Louisa Jane Spotswood, married 1869, nine children
|party=[[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal]]
|constituency=[[Hokitika]], [[Kumara, New Zealand|Kumara]], [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]]
|religion=[[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
}}

'''Richard John Seddon''' (22 June 1845 - 10 June 1906), sometimes known as '''King Dick''', was the longest serving [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]]. He is regarded by some, including historian [[Keith Sinclair]], as one of New Zealand's greatest political leaders.{{1}}

==Early life==
Seddon was born in [[Eccleston]] near [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]] in [[Lancashire]], [[England]] in 1845. His father was a school headmaster, and his mother was a teacher. Despite this background, Seddon did not perform well at school, and was described as unruly. Despite his parents' attempt to give him a classical education, Seddon developed an interest in [[engineering]], but was removed from school at age 12. After a short time working on his grandfather's farm at [[Barrow Nook]] Hall, Seddon held various jobs at [[foundry|foundries]] in [[Liverpool]].

When he was 18 he emigrated to [[Australia]], and entered the railway workshops at [[Melbourne]]. He was caught by the gold fever and went to [[Bendigo, Victoria|Bendigo]], where he spent some time in the diggings. He did not meet with any great success. In either 1865 or 1866, he became engaged to Louisa Jane Spotswood, but her family would not permit marriage until Seddon was more financially secure.

In 1866, Seddon moved to New Zealand's [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]]. Initially, he worked the goldfields in [[Waimea, New Zealand|Waimea]]. He is believed to have prospered here, and he returned briefly to Melbourne to marry Louisa. He established a store, and then expanded his business to include the sale of alcohol, becoming a [[Public house|publican]].

His Father was Thomas Seddon who was born 1807, he married Jane Lindsay 8 Feb 1842 at Christ Church, Eccleston. Thomas and Jane had the following children:-
*Thomas born 1842, who died 1849
*Phoebe Ellen born 1843 who married William Cunliffe 9 May 1863 at Holy Trinity Church Eccleston.
*Richard John born 1845.
*Edward Youd, born 1847.
*William born 1849
*James born 1849
*Mary Jane born 1857.
Thomas Seddon was the son of Richard Seddon and Phoebe Prescot, was baptised St Peter & St Paul Ormskirk, 9 Apr 1817 and was buried 1871 in Australia.
Richard was born 1790 Halsall Lancashire, was baptised at Halsall Chapel 21 Feb 1790. He was the son of George Seddon and Ann Parkinson
Richard Seddon married Phoebe Prescot 3 Sep 1816, they had the following children :-
*Thomas born 1817
*Edward born 1818, he married Julia Armstrong Jun 1858
*William born 1819, he married Rachel Valentine 25 Nov 1845
*James born 1821, he married Margaret Aspinwall 6 Jan 1847
*Nathan born1822, he married Mary Ann Smith 1872
*Jane born 1825, she married John Tyler 1847
*John born 1827, he married Rosina Fishwick Sep 1868
*Robert born 1829, died 1842
*Ellen born 1832, she married Thomas Rothwell 1855

==Local politics==
Seddon's first real involvement with politics was with various local bodies, such as the Arahura Road Board. He was later elected to the council of [[Westland Province]], representing Arahura. Gradually, Seddon became known along the West Coast as an advocate for miners' rights and interests, and he was frequently consulted over various political issues.

In 1877, Seddon was elected as the first Mayor of [[Kumara, New Zealand|Kumara]], which was to become a prominent goldmining town. He had staked a claim in Kumara the previous year, and had shortly afterwards moved his business there. Despite occasional financial troubles (he filed for [[bankruptcy]] in 1878), his political career prospered.

==Entry to Parliament==
[[Image:Richard John Seddon in Samoa 1897.jpg|thumb|300px|Richard John Seddon and party in Samoa, 1897]]
Seddon first sought election to the [[New Zealand Parliament]] in the [[New Zealand general election 1875-1876|1876 elections]], standing for the seat of [[Hokitika (NZ electorate)|Hokitika]], but was unsuccessful. In the [[New Zealand general election 1879|1879 elections]], he tried again, and was elected. He represented Hokitika to 1881, then [[Kumara (NZ electorate)|Kumara]] from 1881 to 1890, then [[Westland (NZ electorate)|Westland]] from 1890 to 1906 (when he died).

In Parliament, Seddon aligned himself with [[George Edward Grey|George Grey]], a former [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor]] turned Premier. Seddon later claimed to be particularly close to Grey, although some historians believe that this was an invention for political purposes. Initially, Seddon was derided by many members of Parliament, who mocked his "provincial" accent (which tended to drop the letter "h") and his lack of formal education. He nevertheless proved quite effective in Parliament, being particularly good at "stonewalling" certain legislation. His political focus remained largely confined to the West Coast, and he had little interest in many other matters.

==Liberal Party==
[[Image:Richardseddonstatue.jpg|thumb|right|Richard Seddon's statue stands outside Parliament buildings in Wellington.]]
{{mainarticle|First Liberal Government of New Zealand}}
Seddon's first [[Ministers of the New Zealand Government|ministerial]] position was obtained when the [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]], led by [[John Ballance]], came to power in 1891. He may or may not have been offered various ministerial positions prior to this — if he was, he did not accept them.

Unlike Ballance, Seddon did not have any great commitment to philosophical [[liberalism]] — or, for that matter, to any ideology. Rather, he saw the Liberals as champions of "the common man" against large commercial interests and major landowners. His strong advocacy for what he saw as the interests of ordinary New Zealanders won him considerable popularity. Attacks by the opposition, which generally focused on his lack of education and sophistication (one opponent said of him that he was only "partially civilized") tended only to reinforce his new reputation as an enemy of elitism.

Seddon quickly became popular across the country. Some of his colleagues, however, were not as happy, accusing him of putting [[populism]] ahead of principle, and of being an [[anti-intellectualism|anti-intellectual]]. John Ballance, now Premier, had a deep commitment to liberal causes such as [[women's suffrage]] and [[Māori]] rights, which Seddon was not always as enthusiastic about. Nevertheless, many people in the Liberal Party believed that Seddon's popularity was a huge asset for the party, and Seddon developed a substantial following.

==Premiership==
{{seealso|First Liberal Government of New Zealand}}
In 1892, Ballance fell seriously ill and made Seddon acting leader of the House. After Ballance's death in 1893, the Governor-General [[David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow]] automatically asked Seddon to form a ministry. Despite the refusal of [[William Pember Reeves]] and [[Thomas Mackenzie]] to accept his leadership, Seddon managed to secure the backing of his Liberal Party colleagues as interim leader, with an understanding being reached that a full vote would occur when Parliament resumed sitting. Seddon's most prominent challenger was [[Robert Stout]], who — like Ballance — had a strong belief in liberal principles. Ballance himself had preferred Stout as his successor, but had died before being able to secure this aim. Despite Seddon's promise, however, there was no vote — by convincing his party colleagues that a leadership contest would split the party in two, or at least leave deep divisions, Seddon managed to secure a permanent hold on the leadership. Stout continued to be one of his strongest critics.

===Style of government===
Seddon was a strong premier, and enforced his authority with great vigour. At one point, he even commented that "A [[president]] is all we require", and that [[New Zealand Cabinet|Cabinet]] could be abolished. His opponents, both within the Liberal Party and in opposition, accused him of being an autocrat — the label "King Dick" was first applied to him at this point.

Seddon was also accused of [[cronyism]] — his friends and allies, particularly those from the West Coast, were given various political positions, while his enemies within the Liberal Party were frequently denied important office. Many of Seddon's appointees were not qualified for the positions that they received — Seddon valued loyalty above ability. One account, possibly apocryphal, claims that he installed an ally as a senior civil servant despite the man being illiterate. He was also accused of [[nepotism]] — in 1905, it was claimed that one of his sons had received an unauthorised payment, but this claim was proved false.

Seddon also accumulated a large number of portfolios for himself, including that of [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Minister of Finance]] (from which he displaced [[Joseph Ward]]), [[Minister of Labour (New Zealand)|Minister of Labour]] (from which he displaced [[William Pember Reeves]]), [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|Minister of Education]], [[Minister of Defence (New Zealand)|Minister of Defence]], [[Minister of Māori Affairs|Minister of Native Affairs]], and [[Minister of Immigration (New Zealand)|Minister of Immigration]].

As Minister of Native Affairs, Seddon took a generally "sympathetic" but "[[paternalism|paternalistic]]" approach. As Minister of Immigration, he was well-known for his hostility to [[China|Chinese]] immigration — the so-called "[[Yellow Peril]]" was an important part of his populist rhetoric, and he compared Chinese people to [[monkey]]s. In his first political speech in 1879 he had declared New Zealand did not wish her shores to be "deluged with Asiatic Tartars. I would sooner address white men than these Chinese. You can't talk to them, you can't reason with them. All you can get from them is 'No savvy'."

Successive governments had also shown a lack of firmness in dealing with Maori, he said: "The colony, instead of importing [[Gatling gun]]s with which to fight Maori, should wage war with locomotives" ... pushing through roads and railways and compulsorily purchasing "the land on both sides".<ref>"Ask That Mountain: The Story of Parihaka" by Dick Scott, Heinemann, 1975, Ch. 10.</ref>

===Policy===
One of the policies for which Seddon is most remembered is his Old-age Pensions Act of 1898, which established the basis of the [[welfare state]] built by [[Michael Joseph Savage]] and the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]. The early Labour Party often claimed a certain affinity with Seddon on this basis. Seddon put considerable weight behind the scheme, despite considerable opposition from many quarters. Its successful passage is often seen as a testament to Seddon's political power and influence. Other [[socialist]] programs attributed to Seddon include pensions for teachers and moves to improve housing for workers.
[[Image:Richardseddongrave.JPG|thumbnail|300px|right|Richard Seddon's grave in [[Wellington]]]]
Seddon's most notable failure to have his way, by contrast, was over the issue of [[Women's suffrage in New Zealand|women's suffrage]]. John Ballance, founder of the Liberal Party, had been a strong supporter of voting rights for women, declaring his belief in the "absolute equality of the sexes". Seddon, however, opposed women's suffrage. This resulted in considerable debate within the Liberal Party. Eventually, Seddon's opponents within the party managed to gather enough support for a women's suffrage bill to be passed despite Seddon's hostility. When Seddon realised that the passage of the bill was inevitable, he changed his position, claiming to accept the people's will. In actuality, however, he took strong measures to ensure that the [[New Zealand Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] would veto the bill, as it had done previously. Seddon's tactics in lobbying the Council were seen by many as underhand, and two Councillors, despite opposing suffrage, voted in favour of the bill in protest.

In the sphere of foreign policy, Seddon was a notable supporter of the [[British Empire]]. After he attended the Colonial Conference in London in 1897, he became known "as one of the pillars of British imperialism", and he was a strong supporter of the [[Second Boer War]] and of preferential trade between British colonies. He is also noted for his support of New Zealand's own "imperial" designs — Seddon believed that New Zealand should play a major role in the [[Pacific Islands]] as a "Britain of the South". Seddon's plans focused mainly on establishing New Zealand dominion over [[Fiji]] and [[Samoa]], but in the end, only the [[Cook Islands]] came under New Zealand's control during his term in office. (Samoa later came under New Zealand rule as well, but Fiji did not).

==Death==
[[Image:Seddontopofgrave.JPG|right|thumb|200px|The statue on the top of Seddon's grave.]]
Seddon remained Prime Minister for 13 years, but gradually, calls for him to retire became more frequent. Various attempts to replace him with [[Joseph Ward]] met with failure. While on the ''Oswestry Grange'' ship returning from a trip to Australia, however, Seddon was suddenly taken ill, and died. He was buried in [[Wellington]], with his grave being marked by a large monument.

==Legacy==
He has a statue outside Parliament Buildings. A [[Seddon, New Zealand|town in New Zealand]] and a [[Seddon, Australia|suburb]] of [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] are named after him. His son [[Thomas Seddon (New Zealand)|Thomas]] replaced him as MP for [[Westland]]. Wellington Zoo was originally created when a young lion was presented to the late [[Prime Minister]] [[Richard Seddon]] by the Bostock and Wombwell Circus. Seddon created the Zoo from this single specimen and the lion was later named [[King Dick]] in the [[Prime Minister]]'s honour. The stuffed body of King Dick (the [[lion]]) is displayed on the ground floor of the [[Museum of Wellington City & Sea]].

==References==
{{Commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1893seddon.html Prime Ministers’ Office biography]
*[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/richard-seddon-asleep Sketch of Richard Seddon asleep in Parliament during an all-night sitting, 1898]
*[http://www.hitormiss.co.nz/index_files/Page929.htm The Seddon-Stout struggle]
*''[http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-DruSedd.html The Life and Work of Richard John Seddon]'' by James Drummond, Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, 1907. Book-length [[biography]], digitised by the [[New Zealand Electronic Text Centre]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seddon, Richard}}
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1906 deaths]]
[[Category:New Zealanders of English descent]]
[[Category:Mayors of places in New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand miners]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:People from St Helens]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:People from the West Coast, New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand defence ministers]]

[[fa:ریچارد سدون]]
[[mi:Te Hētana]]
[[pl:Richard Seddon]]
[[ru:Седдон, Ричард]]
[[simple:Richard Seddon]]
[[fi:Richard Seddon]]
[[zh:理查德·塞登]]

Joseph Ward (Politiker)

2009-06-23T01:13:24Z

Mattlore: /* Trivia */ add template

{{otherpersons|Joseph Ward}}
{{Infobox_Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Sir Joseph George Ward
| honorific-suffix = 1st Baronet, [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]], MP
|image=
|order=17th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|term_start=6 August 1906
|term_end=28 March 1912 10 December 1928 - 28 May 1930
|predecessor=[[William Hall-Jones]] (1906) [[Gordon Coates]] (1928)
|successor=[[Thomas Mackenzie]] (1912) [[George William Forbes|George Forbes]] (1930)
|birth_date={{birth date|1856|4|26|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1930|7|8|1856|4|26|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=Theresa Dorothea De Smidt, married 1883, five children
|party=[[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal]], [[United Party (New Zealand)|United]]
|constituency=Awarua, Invercargill
|religion=[[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
|profession=Businessman
}}

'''Sir Joseph George Ward, 1st Baronet''', [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]] (1856 - 1930) was [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]] on two occasions in the early 20th century.

==Early life==
Ward was born in [[Melbourne]], on 26 April 1856. His family was of [[Ireland|Irish]] descent, and Ward was raised as a [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]. His father, who is believed to have been an [[alcoholism|alcoholic]], died in 1860, aged only 31 — Ward was raised by his mother, Hannah. In 1863, the family moved to [[Bluff, New Zealand|Bluff]] (then officially known as Campbelltown), in New Zealand's [[Southland, New Zealand|Southland]] region, seeking better financial security — Hannah Ward established a shop and a boarding house.

Joseph Ward received his formal education at primary schools in Melbourne and Bluff. He did not go to secondary school. He did, however, read extensively, and also picked up a good understanding of business from his mother. He is described by most sources as highly energetic and enthusiastic, and was keen to advance in the world — much of this attitude is attributed to his mother, who was very eager to see her children financially secure. In 1869, Ward found a job at the [[New Zealand Post|Post Office]], and later as a clerk. Later, with the help of a loan from his mother, Ward began to work as a freelance trader, selling supplies to the newly-established Southland farming community.

==Early political career==
Ward became involved in local politics very quickly. He was elected to the Campbelltown (Bluff) Borough Council in 1878, despite being only 21 years old — he later became Mayor. He also served on the Bluff Harbour Board, which he eventually became chairman of.

In 1887, Ward successfully stood for [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]], winning the seat of [[Awarua (NZ electorate)|Awarua]]. Politically, Ward was a supporter of politicians such as [[Julius Vogel]] and [[Robert Stout]], leaders of the [[liberalism|liberal]] wing of Parliament — Ward's support was unusual in the far south. Ward became known as a strong debater on economic matters.

In 1891, when the newly-founded [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]] came to power, the new Prime Minister, [[John Ballance]], appointed Ward to the position of [[Postmaster-General of New Zealand|Postmaster General]]. Later, when [[Richard Seddon]] became Prime Minister after Ballance's death, Ward became Treasurer ([[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Minister of Finance]]). Ward's basic political outlook was that the state existed to support and promote private enterprise, and his conduct as Treasurer reflects this.

Ward's increasing occupation with government affairs led to neglect of his own business interests, however, and Ward's personal finances began to deteriorate. In 1896, a judge declared Ward "hopelessly insolvent". This placed Ward, as Treasurer, in a politically difficult situation, and he was forced to resign his portfolios on 16 June. In 1897, he was forced to file for bankruptcy, which legally obligated him to resign his seat in Parliament. A loophole, however, meant that there was nothing to stop him simply contesting it again — he did so, and in the resulting [[Awarua by-election 1897|by-election]] was elected with an increased majority. Ward actually gained considerable popularity as a result of his financial troubles — Ward was widely seen as a great benefactor of the Southland region, and public perceptions were that he was being persecuted by his enemies over an honest mistake.

Gradually, Ward rebuilt his businesses, and paid off his creditors. Richard Seddon, still Prime Minister, quickly reappointed Ward to Cabinet. He gradually emerged as the most prominent of Seddon's supporters, and was seen as a possible successor. As Seddon's long tenure as Prime Minister continued, some suggested that Ward should challenge Seddon for the leadership, but Ward was unwilling.

In 1906, Seddon unexpectedly died. Ward was in [[London]] at the time. It was generally agreed in the party that Ward would succeed him, although the return journey would take two months — [[William Hall-Jones]] became Prime Minister until Ward arrived. Ward was sworn in on 6 August 1906.

==First premiership==
{{mainarticle|First Liberal Government of New Zealand}}
Ward was not seen by most as being of the same calibre as Seddon. The diverse interests of the Liberal Party, many believed, had been held together only by Seddon's strength of personality and his powers of persuasion — Ward was not seen as having the same qualities. Frequent internal disputes led to indecision and frequent policy changes, with the ultimate result being paralysis of government. The Liberal Party's two main support bases, the left-leaning urban workers and the conservative small farmers, were increasingly at odds, and Ward lacked any coherent strategy to solve the problem — any attempt to please one group simply alienated the other. Ward increasingly focused on foreign affairs, which was seen by his opponents as a sign that he could not cope with the country's problems.

In the [[New Zealand general election 1908|1908 elections]], the Liberals won a majority, but in the [[New Zealand general election 1911|1911 elections]], Parliament appeared to be deadlocked. The Liberals survived for a time on the casting vote of the [[Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives|Speaker]], but Ward, discouraged by the result, resigned from the premiership in March the following year. The party replaced him with [[Thomas Mackenzie]], his [[Minister of Agriculture (New Zealand)|Minister of Agriculture]] — Mackenzie's government survived only a few more months.

Ward, who most believed had finished his political career, took a position on the [[backbencher|backbenches]], and refused several requests to resume the leadership of the disorganised Liberals. He occupied himself with relatively minor matters, and took his family on a visit to England, where he was created a [[baronet]] by [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] on 20 June 1911.

==Leader of the Opposition==
On 11 September 1913, however, Ward finally accepted the leadership of the Liberal Party once again. Ward extracted a number of important concessions from the party, insisting on a very high level of personal control — Ward felt that the party's previous lack of direction was the primary cause for its failure. Ward also worked to build alliances with the growing labour movement, which was now standing candidates in many seats.

On 12 August 1915, Ward and accepted a proposal by [[William Massey]] and the governing [[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform Party]] to form a joint administration for [[World War I]]. Ward became deputy leader of the administration, also holding the Finance portfolio. Relations between Ward and Massey were not good — besides their political differences, Ward was an Irish Catholic, and Massey was an Irish Protestant. The administration ended on 21 August 1919.

In the [[New Zealand general election 1919|1919 elections]], Ward himself lost the seat of Awarua, and left Parliament. In 1923, he contested a [[Tauranga by-election 1923|by-election]] in [[Tauranga (NZ electorate)|Tauranga]], but was defeated by an unimportant Reform Party candidate, [[Charles MacMillan]]. Ward was largely considered a spent force. In the [[New Zealand general election 1925|1925 elections]], however, he narrowly returned to Parliament as MP for [[Invercargill (NZ electorate)|Invercargill]]. Ward contested the seat under the "Liberal" label, despite the fact that the remnants of the Liberal Party were now calling themselves by different names — his opponents characterised him as living in the past, and of attempting to fight the same battles over again. Ward's health was also failing.

In 1928, however, the remnants of the Liberal Party reasserted themselves as the new [[United Party (New Zealand)|United Party]], focused around [[George William Forbes|George Forbes]] (leader of one faction of the Liberals), [[Bill Veitch]] (leader of another faction), and [[Albert Davy]] (a former organiser for the Reform Party). Forbes and Veitch both sought the leadership, and neither of them gained a clear advantage. In the end, Davy invited Ward himself to step in as a compromise candidate, perhaps hoping that Ward's status as a former Prime Minister would create a sense of unity.

==Second premiership==
Ward accepted the offer, and became leader of the new United Party. His health, however, was still poor, and he found the task difficult. In the [[New Zealand general election 1928|1928 election]] campaign, Ward startled both his supporters and his audience by promising to borrow £70 million in the course of a year in order to revive the economy — this is believed to have been a mistake caused by Ward's failing eyesight. Despite the strong objections his party had to this "promise", it was sufficient to prompt a massive surge in support for United — in the elections, United gained the same number of seats as Reform. With the backing of the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]], Ward became Prime Minister again, twenty-two years after his original appointment.

Ward's health continued to decline, however. He suffered a number of heart attacks, and soon, it was George Forbes who was effectively running the government. Ward was determined not to resign, however, and remained Prime Minister well after he had lost the ability to perform that role. Finally, on 28 May 1930, Ward succumbed to strong pressure from his colleagues and his family, and passed the premiership to Forbes.

Ward died shortly afterwards, on 8 July. He was buried with considerable ceremony in Bluff. His son [[Vincent Ward (politician)|Vincent]] was elected to replace him as MP for Invercargill.

==Trivia==
*On 6 November 1908 at Manganui-o-te-Ao, Ward drove the ceremonial 'last spike' on the [[North Island Main Trunk]].

{{start box}}
{{New Zealand prime ministers2 | before1=[[William Hall-Jones]] | before2=[[Gordon Coates]] | after1=[[Thomas Mackenzie]] | after2=[[George William Forbes|George Forbes]] | years1=1906-1912 | years2=1928-1930}}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{succession box | before=New Creation | title=[[Ward Baronets|Baronet]] '''(of Wellington)| after=[[Cyril Ward]] | years=1911–1930}}
{{end box}}
{{NZ Liberal Party}}

==References==
*''Sir Joseph Ward: A Political Biography'' by [[Michael Bassett]] (1993, Auckland University Press)
* [http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1906-28ward.html Prime Ministers’ Office biography]
* [http://www.dnzb.org.nz/DNZB/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=2W9 Dictionary of New Zealand Biography essay]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ward, Joseph}}
[[Category:1856 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:New Zealanders of Australian descent]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:New Zealanders of Irish descent]]
[[Category:New Zealand defence ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand foreign ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:New Zealand Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Politicians from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]

[[mr:जोसेफ वॉर्ड]]
[[pl:Joseph Ward]]
[[fi:Joseph Ward]]

George William Forbes

2009-06-23T01:13:01Z

Mattlore: /* External links */ add template

{{Infobox_Officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=George William Forbes
|honorific-suffix = MP, PC
|image=
|order=22nd [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|monarch=[[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]
|term_start=[[28 May]] [[1930]]
|term_end=[[6 December]] [[1935]]
|predecessor=[[Joseph Ward]]
|successor=[[Michael Joseph Savage]]
|order2=9th [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2=[[13 August]] [[1925]]
|term_end2=[[4 November]] [[1925]] [[6 December]] [[1935]] - [[2 November]] [[1936]]
|predecessor2=[[Thomas Mason Wilford|Thomas Wilford]] (1925) Michael Joseph Savage (1935)
|successor2=[[Harry Holland]] (1925) [[Adam Hamilton]] (1936)
|birth_date={{birth date|1869|3|12|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttelton]], [[Christchurch, New Zealand| Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1947|5|17|1869|3|12|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Cheviot, New Zealand|Cheviot]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=
|party=[[United Party (New Zealand)|United]], then [[New Zealand National Party|National]]
|constituency=Hurunui
|religion=
}}

'''George William Forbes''' (12 March 1869 - 17 May 1947) served as [[Prime Minister of New Zealand| Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]] from 1930 to 1935. Few expected him to become Prime Minister when he did, and some believed him unsuitable, but he nevertheless remained in that office for five years. Often referred to as "Honest George", Forbes had a reputation for rare debating skill and impressive memory, and his courteous and friendly attitude earned him the liking and respect of colleagues from all sides of the House. Throughout his time in national politics his Hurunui constituents held Forbes in high regard: even when Prime Minister he would roll up his sleeves and help load sheep from his farm on the railway wagons for market. Forbes led the country through the worst years of the [[Great Depression]], heading the coalition government that eventually became the modern [[New Zealand National Party| National Party]].

==Early life==
Forbes was born in [[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttelton]], just outside the city of [[Christchurch, New Zealand| Christchurch]]. He gained his education at [[Christchurch Boys' High School]] in Christchurch, and did not attend university. He became known for his ability at sport, particularly in [[athletics (track and field)|athletics]], [[Sport rowing|rowing]], and [[rugby football| rugby]] where he captained the Canterbury team. After finishing school he briefly worked in his father's ships' [[chandlery]] [[business]] in Lyttelton, but later established himself as a successful farmer near [[Cheviot, New Zealand| Cheviot]], to the north of Christchurch. He quickly became active in the local politics of the region, particularly with regard to the Cheviot County Council and the Cheviot Settlers' Association.

==Entry to [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]]==
In the [[New Zealand general election 1902| election of 1902]], Forbes made his first attempt to enter national politics, standing for the Hurunui electorate. He stood as an independent, having failed to gain the [[New Zealand Liberal Party| Liberal Party]] nomination. He lost the election. In the [[New Zealand general election 1908| 1908 elections]], however, he became the Liberal Party's official Hurunui candidate, and won the seat of Hurunui. He would hold this seat for thirty-five years.

Forbes remained a [[backbencher]] for some time, but became the Liberal Party's [[Whip (politics)|Whip]] when party leader [[Thomas MacKenzie]] became Prime Minister in March 1912. He retained this position when his party went into [[Parliamentary Opposition| Opposition]] on [[10 July]] [[1912]]. However, he had considerably higher status within the party than his official responsibilities indicated, although few thought of him as a potential leader.

By the early 1920s, the Liberal Party faced a decision as to its political future. The [[New Zealand Reform Party| Reform Party]] government of [[William Massey]] dominated the political scene, having secured the conservative vote, while the growing [[New Zealand Labour Party| Labour Party]] had started to undermine Liberal's progressive voter-base. Many members of the Liberal Party believed an alliance with the Reform Party inevitable, seeing such co-operation as necessary to counteract the "radicalism" of the Labour Party. When Massey died in 1925, Liberal leader [[Thomas Mason Wilford]] decided to approach Massey's successor with a merger-proposal, suggesting that the new party could use the name "the National Party". The Liberal Party chose Forbes to represent them at a joint conference. The new Reform Party leader, [[Gordon Coates]], rejected the proposal, although Wilford declared that Liberal would adopt the name "National" regardless.

==Party leader==

Shortly after the merger proposal was rejected, Wilford resigned as leader, and Forbes unexpectedly became party leader. In the [[New Zealand general election 1925| election later that year]], however, the party collapsed, gaining only eleven seats compared with Reform's fifty-five. To further compound the injury, Forbes no longer even held the post of [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] - the Labour Party had won twelve seats, enabling its leader [[Harry Holland]] to claim seniority in Opposition, although with two independents sitting in opposition as well the position of Leader of the Opposition remained vacant until Labour won the [[Eden by-election 1926|1926 Eden by-election]].

The party's poor fortune did not last long, however. In 1927, Liberal Party politician [[Bill Veitch]] secured an alliance with [[Albert Davy]], a former Reform Party [[organizer (party)|organizer]] who had become dissatisfied with what he saw as Reform's [[paternalism]] and intrusive governance. The former Liberal Party (still known as National) absorbed Davy's new "United New Zealand Political Organization", and adopted the name "[[United Party (New Zealand)|the United Party]]". Forbes and Veitch both vied as candidates for the leadership of the United Party, but the position eventually went to a former Liberal Party Prime Minister, [[Joseph Ward]]. Forbes became one of two deputy leaders, having particular responsibility for the [[South Island]].

Under the United banner, bolstered by Reform Party dissidents, the remnants of the old Liberal Party once again gained traction. In the [[New Zealand general election 1928| 1928 elections]], United formed a government with backing from the Labour Party. Forbes gained the portfolios of Lands and Agriculture. Gradually, however, Ward's health declined to the state where he was unable to carry out his duties, and Forbes became leader in all but name. In 1930, Ward finally gave his official resignation, and Forbes became Prime Minister. He also made himself [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)| Minister of Finance]].

==Prime Minister==

As Prime Minister, Forbes, described as "apathetic and fatalistic", reacted to events but showed little vision or purpose. Opponents also criticised him for relying too much on the advice of his friends. However, the depression years proved a difficult time for many governments around the world, and his defenders claim that he did the best job possible in the adverse circumstances of the Great Depression.

The Forbes government began to show signs of instability when the Labour Party withdrew its support. Labour expressed dissatisfaction with a number of the government's economic measures - Forbes intended them to reduce the government deficit and to stimulate the economy, but Labour claimed that they unnecessarily harmed the interests of poorer citizens. Forbes had perforce to continue with reluctant support from the Reform Party, which now feared Labour's growing popularity.

In late 1931, Forbes called for a "grand coalition" of United, Reform, and Labour to resolve the country's economic problems. Forbes told a joint conference that he would not implement the measures he deemed necessary without broad backing. Labour refused to join this coalition, but Reform leader [[Gordon Coates]] (prompted by the Reform Party's finance spokesperson, [[William Downie Stewart]]) eventually agreed.

In the [[New Zealand general election 1931| 1931 elections]], the United-Reform coalition performed well, winning a combined total of fifty-one seats. Forbes remained Prime Minister, but surrendered the finance role to [[William Downie Stewart]]. Slowly, however, many people came to believe that Coates held significantly too much power, and that Forbes showed himself overwilling to give in to Coates' demands. This view became reinforced when Coates and Stewart argued over financial policy - although Forbes was known to prefer Stewart's policy, he publicly sided with Coates, and Stewart resigned.

Coates replaced Stewart as Minister of Finance, and became even more dominant in the coalition. Stewart, noting this, complained that "the Prime Minister is too passive and the Minister of Finance is too active". Both Forbes and Coates, however, increasingly took the blame for the country's ongoing economic problems, and could not avoid public dissatisfaction. In the [[New Zealand general election 1935| elections of 1935]] the Labour Party defeated the coalition government, gaining fifty-five votes to the coalition's nineteen.

==Retirement==

By 1935 Forbes had become increasingly weary of politics, writing that he agreed with [[William Downie Stewart|Downie Stewart's]] description of the profession as "slavery that is miscalled power". Nevertheless, Forbes reluctantly allowed his colleagues to select him as Leader of the Opposition, and from May 1936 led the new [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] (created out of United and Reform) until October 1936 when [[Adam Hamilton]] became the party leader. Both party and leader agreed on Forbes's tenure as leader of the new National Party as a temporary measure, as Forbes had indicated his desire to withdraw from the limelight and no doubt some now saw his past tenure as a political liability.

Forbes retained his parliamentary seat until 1943, when he retired after 35 years as a Member of Parliament. He declined the offer of the customary knighthood,and four years after his retirement he died at Crystal Brook, his farm near [[Cheviot, New Zealand| Cheviot]].

The national memorial for Forbes, the George Forbes Memorial Library, forms part of [[Lincoln University, New Zealand| Lincoln University]] near Christchurch.<ref> See {{citation |title = Architectural competition |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects |volume = 23 |issue = 8 |page = 201 |year = 1956}}, and {{citation |first1 = M. M. |last1 = Burns |first2 = F. Gordon |last2 = Wilson |first3 = Ronald C. |last3 = Muston |title = The George Forbes Memorial Library |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects |volume = 24 |issue = 3 |pages = 70–74 |year = 1957}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
===Work of Forbes===

:*{{citation |first = George W. |last = Forbes |title = Some problems of production and distribution within the British Empire / address by G.W. Forbes |place = London, [England] |publisher = Empire Parliamentary Association |year = 1930}}

===Works about Forbes===
{{refbegin}}
:*{{citation |title = Architectural competition |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects
|volume = 23 |issue = 8 |page = 201 |year = 1956}}

:*{{citation |first1 = M. M. |last1 = Burns |first2 = F. Gordon |last2 = Wilson |first3 = Ronald C. |last3 = Muston |title = The George Forbes Memorial Library |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects |volume = 24 |issue = 3 |pages = 70–74 |year = 1957}}

:*{{citation |first = Clyde |last = Carr |author-link = Clyde Carr |title = Politicalities |place = Wellington, [N.Z.] |publisher = National Magazines |year = 1936 |pages = 50–52}}

:*{{citation |first = William J. |last = Gardner |title = 'FORBES, George William', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 18-Sep-2007 |url = http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/1966/F/ForbesGeorgeWilliam/en |accessdate = 2008-05-17}}

:*{{citation |first = William J. |last = Gardner |title = 'Forbes, George William 1869-1947'. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, updated 22 June 2007 |url = http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/ |accessdate = 2008-05-17}}

:*{{citation |first = Olaf F. |last = Nelson |title = The situation in Samoa: Mr. Nelson meets Mr. Forbes: a record of the interview |place = Auckland, [N.Z.] |publisher = National Printing |year = 1932}}

:*{{citation |first = John |last = Wilson |title = Cheviot's jolts and ballots |newspaper = Christchurch Press |date = 18 October 1993 |page = 25 |year = 1993}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1930-31forbes.html Prime Minister's Office biography]
*[http://www.dnzb.govt.nz Dictionary of New Zealand Biography] (search for "Forbes, George William")
*[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/F/ForbesGeorgeWilliam/ForbesGeorgeWilliam/en Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966 (George William Forbes)]

{{New Zealand prime ministers | before=[[Joseph Ward]] | after=[[Michael Joseph Savage]]| years=1930-1935}}
{{NZ National Party}}
{{NZ Liberal Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Forbes, George William}}
[[Category:Attorneys General of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Local political office-holders in New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand farmers]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand foreign ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand National Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:People from Christchurch]]
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]

[[mr:जॉर्ज विल्यम फोर्ब्स]]
[[pl:George Forbes]]

George William Forbes

2009-06-15T07:01:52Z

Mattlore: /* External links */ add template

{{Infobox_Officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=George William Forbes
|honorific-suffix = MP, PC
|image=
|order=22nd [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|monarch=[[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]
|term_start=[[28 May]] [[1930]]
|term_end=[[6 December]] [[1935]]
|predecessor=[[Joseph Ward]]
|successor=[[Michael Joseph Savage]]
|order2=9th [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2=[[13 August]] [[1925]]
|term_end2=[[4 November]] [[1925]] [[6 December]] [[1935]] - [[2 November]] [[1936]]
|predecessor2=[[Thomas Mason Wilford|Thomas Wilford]] (1925) Michael Joseph Savage (1935)
|successor2=[[Harry Holland]] (1925) [[Adam Hamilton]] (1936)
|birth_date={{birth date|1869|3|12|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttelton]], [[Christchurch, New Zealand| Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1947|5|17|1869|3|12|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Cheviot, New Zealand|Cheviot]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=
|party=[[United Party (New Zealand)|United]], then [[New Zealand National Party|National]]
|constituency=Hurunui
|religion=
}}

'''George William Forbes''' (12 March 1869 - 17 May 1947) served as [[Prime Minister of New Zealand| Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]] from 1930 to 1935. Few expected him to become Prime Minister when he did, and some believed him unsuitable, but he nevertheless remained in that office for five years. Often referred to as "Honest George", Forbes had a reputation for rare debating skill and impressive memory, and his courteous and friendly attitude earned him the liking and respect of colleagues from all sides of the House. Throughout his time in national politics his Hurunui constituents held Forbes in high regard: even when Prime Minister he would roll up his sleeves and help load sheep from his farm on the railway wagons for market. Forbes led the country through the worst years of the [[Great Depression]], heading the coalition government that eventually became the modern [[New Zealand National Party| National Party]].

==Early life==
Forbes was born in [[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttelton]], just outside the city of [[Christchurch, New Zealand| Christchurch]]. He gained his education at [[Christchurch Boys' High School]] in Christchurch, and did not attend university. He became known for his ability at sport, particularly in [[athletics (track and field)|athletics]], [[Sport rowing|rowing]], and [[rugby football| rugby]] where he captained the Canterbury team. After finishing school he briefly worked in his father's ships' [[chandlery]] [[business]] in Lyttelton, but later established himself as a successful farmer near [[Cheviot, New Zealand| Cheviot]], to the north of Christchurch. He quickly became active in the local politics of the region, particularly with regard to the Cheviot County Council and the Cheviot Settlers' Association.

==Entry to [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]]==
In the [[New Zealand general election 1902| election of 1902]], Forbes made his first attempt to enter national politics, standing for the Hurunui electorate. He stood as an independent, having failed to gain the [[New Zealand Liberal Party| Liberal Party]] nomination. He lost the election. In the [[New Zealand general election 1908| 1908 elections]], however, he became the Liberal Party's official Hurunui candidate, and won the seat of Hurunui. He would hold this seat for thirty-five years.

Forbes remained a [[backbencher]] for some time, but became the Liberal Party's [[Whip (politics)|Whip]] when party leader [[Thomas MacKenzie]] became Prime Minister in March 1912. He retained this position when his party went into [[Parliamentary Opposition| Opposition]] on [[10 July]] [[1912]]. However, he had considerably higher status within the party than his official responsibilities indicated, although few thought of him as a potential leader.

By the early 1920s, the Liberal Party faced a decision as to its political future. The [[New Zealand Reform Party| Reform Party]] government of [[William Massey]] dominated the political scene, having secured the conservative vote, while the growing [[New Zealand Labour Party| Labour Party]] had started to undermine Liberal's progressive voter-base. Many members of the Liberal Party believed an alliance with the Reform Party inevitable, seeing such co-operation as necessary to counteract the "radicalism" of the Labour Party. When Massey died in 1925, Liberal leader [[Thomas Mason Wilford]] decided to approach Massey's successor with a merger-proposal, suggesting that the new party could use the name "the National Party". The Liberal Party chose Forbes to represent them at a joint conference. The new Reform Party leader, [[Gordon Coates]], rejected the proposal, although Wilford declared that Liberal would adopt the name "National" regardless.

==Party leader==

Shortly after the merger proposal was rejected, Wilford resigned as leader, and Forbes unexpectedly became party leader. In the [[New Zealand general election 1925| election later that year]], however, the party collapsed, gaining only eleven seats compared with Reform's fifty-five. To further compound the injury, Forbes no longer even held the post of [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] - the Labour Party had won twelve seats, enabling its leader [[Harry Holland]] to claim seniority in Opposition, although with two independents sitting in opposition as well the position of Leader of the Opposition remained vacant until Labour won the [[Eden by-election 1926|1926 Eden by-election]].

The party's poor fortune did not last long, however. In 1927, Liberal Party politician [[Bill Veitch]] secured an alliance with [[Albert Davy]], a former Reform Party [[organizer (party)|organizer]] who had become dissatisfied with what he saw as Reform's [[paternalism]] and intrusive governance. The former Liberal Party (still known as National) absorbed Davy's new "United New Zealand Political Organization", and adopted the name "[[United Party (New Zealand)|the United Party]]". Forbes and Veitch both vied as candidates for the leadership of the United Party, but the position eventually went to a former Liberal Party Prime Minister, [[Joseph Ward]]. Forbes became one of two deputy leaders, having particular responsibility for the [[South Island]].

Under the United banner, bolstered by Reform Party dissidents, the remnants of the old Liberal Party once again gained traction. In the [[New Zealand general election 1928| 1928 elections]], United formed a government with backing from the Labour Party. Forbes gained the portfolios of Lands and Agriculture. Gradually, however, Ward's health declined to the state where he was unable to carry out his duties, and Forbes became leader in all but name. In 1930, Ward finally gave his official resignation, and Forbes became Prime Minister. He also made himself [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)| Minister of Finance]].

==Prime Minister==

As Prime Minister, Forbes, described as "apathetic and fatalistic", reacted to events but showed little vision or purpose. Opponents also criticised him for relying too much on the advice of his friends. However, the depression years proved a difficult time for many governments around the world, and his defenders claim that he did the best job possible in the adverse circumstances of the Great Depression.

The Forbes government began to show signs of instability when the Labour Party withdrew its support. Labour expressed dissatisfaction with a number of the government's economic measures - Forbes intended them to reduce the government deficit and to stimulate the economy, but Labour claimed that they unnecessarily harmed the interests of poorer citizens. Forbes had perforce to continue with reluctant support from the Reform Party, which now feared Labour's growing popularity.

In late 1931, Forbes called for a "grand coalition" of United, Reform, and Labour to resolve the country's economic problems. Forbes told a joint conference that he would not implement the measures he deemed necessary without broad backing. Labour refused to join this coalition, but Reform leader [[Gordon Coates]] (prompted by the Reform Party's finance spokesperson, [[William Downie Stewart]]) eventually agreed.

In the [[New Zealand general election 1931| 1931 elections]], the United-Reform coalition performed well, winning a combined total of fifty-one seats. Forbes remained Prime Minister, but surrendered the finance role to [[William Downie Stewart]]. Slowly, however, many people came to believe that Coates held significantly too much power, and that Forbes showed himself overwilling to give in to Coates' demands. This view became reinforced when Coates and Stewart argued over financial policy - although Forbes was known to prefer Stewart's policy, he publicly sided with Coates, and Stewart resigned.

Coates replaced Stewart as Minister of Finance, and became even more dominant in the coalition. Stewart, noting this, complained that "the Prime Minister is too passive and the Minister of Finance is too active". Both Forbes and Coates, however, increasingly took the blame for the country's ongoing economic problems, and could not avoid public dissatisfaction. In the [[New Zealand general election 1935| elections of 1935]] the Labour Party defeated the coalition government, gaining fifty-five votes to the coalition's nineteen.

==Retirement==

By 1935 Forbes had become increasingly weary of politics, writing that he agreed with [[William Downie Stewart|Downie Stewart's]] description of the profession as "slavery that is miscalled power". Nevertheless, Forbes reluctantly allowed his colleagues to select him as Leader of the Opposition, and from May 1936 led the new [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] (created out of United and Reform) until October 1936 when [[Adam Hamilton]] became the party leader. Both party and leader agreed on Forbes's tenure as leader of the new National Party as a temporary measure, as Forbes had indicated his desire to withdraw from the limelight and no doubt some now saw his past tenure as a political liability.

Forbes retained his parliamentary seat until 1943, when he retired after 35 years as a Member of Parliament. He declined the offer of the customary knighthood,and four years after his retirement he died at Crystal Brook, his farm near [[Cheviot, New Zealand| Cheviot]].

The national memorial for Forbes, the George Forbes Memorial Library, forms part of [[Lincoln University, New Zealand| Lincoln University]] near Christchurch.<ref> See {{citation |title = Architectural competition |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects |volume = 23 |issue = 8 |page = 201 |year = 1956}}, and {{citation |first1 = M. M. |last1 = Burns |first2 = F. Gordon |last2 = Wilson |first3 = Ronald C. |last3 = Muston |title = The George Forbes Memorial Library |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects |volume = 24 |issue = 3 |pages = 70–74 |year = 1957}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
===Work of Forbes===

:*{{citation |first = George W. |last = Forbes |title = Some problems of production and distribution within the British Empire / address by G.W. Forbes |place = London, [England] |publisher = Empire Parliamentary Association |year = 1930}}

===Works about Forbes===
{{refbegin}}
:*{{citation |title = Architectural competition |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects
|volume = 23 |issue = 8 |page = 201 |year = 1956}}

:*{{citation |first1 = M. M. |last1 = Burns |first2 = F. Gordon |last2 = Wilson |first3 = Ronald C. |last3 = Muston |title = The George Forbes Memorial Library |journal = Journal of the NZ Institute of Architects |volume = 24 |issue = 3 |pages = 70–74 |year = 1957}}

:*{{citation |first = Clyde |last = Carr |author-link = Clyde Carr |title = Politicalities |place = Wellington, [N.Z.] |publisher = National Magazines |year = 1936 |pages = 50–52}}

:*{{citation |first = William J. |last = Gardner |title = 'FORBES, George William', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 18-Sep-2007 |url = http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/1966/F/ForbesGeorgeWilliam/en |accessdate = 2008-05-17}}

:*{{citation |first = William J. |last = Gardner |title = 'Forbes, George William 1869-1947'. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, updated 22 June 2007 |url = http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/ |accessdate = 2008-05-17}}

:*{{citation |first = Olaf F. |last = Nelson |title = The situation in Samoa: Mr. Nelson meets Mr. Forbes: a record of the interview |place = Auckland, [N.Z.] |publisher = National Printing |year = 1932}}

:*{{citation |first = John |last = Wilson |title = Cheviot's jolts and ballots |newspaper = Christchurch Press |date = 18 October 1993 |page = 25 |year = 1993}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1930-31forbes.html Prime Minister's Office biography]
*[http://www.dnzb.govt.nz Dictionary of New Zealand Biography] (search for "Forbes, George William")
*[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/F/ForbesGeorgeWilliam/ForbesGeorgeWilliam/en Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966 (George William Forbes)]

{{New Zealand prime ministers | before=[[Joseph Ward]] | after=[[Michael Joseph Savage]]| years=1930-1935}}
{{NZ National Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Forbes, George William}}
[[Category:Attorneys General of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Local political office-holders in New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand farmers]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand foreign ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand Liberal Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand National Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:People from Christchurch]]
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]

[[mr:जॉर्ज विल्यम फोर्ब्स]]
[[pl:George Forbes]]

Sidney Holland

2009-06-15T07:01:03Z

Mattlore: /* References */ add template

{{Infobox_Officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Sir Sidney George Holland
|honorific-suffix = MP, [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]], [[Order of the Companions of Honour|CH]]
|image =
|order=25th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|monarch=[[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] [[Queen Elizabeth II|Elizabeth II]]
|term_start=[[December 13]] [[1949]]
|term_end=[[20 September]] [[1957]]
|deputy=[[Keith Holyoake]]
|predecessor=[[Peter Fraser]]
|successor=[[Keith Holyoake]]
|order2=14th [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2=[[26 November]] [[1940]]
|term_end2=[[13 December]] [[1949]]
|predecessor2=[[Adam Hamilton]]
|successor2=Peter Fraser
|birth_date={{birth date|1893|10|18|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Greendale, New Zealand|Greendale]], [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]], [[New Zealand]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1961|8|5|1893|10|18|mf=y}}
|death_place=[[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=
|party=[[New Zealand National Party|National]]
|constituency=
|religion=
}}

'''Sir Sidney George Holland''', [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]], [[Order of the Companions of Honour|CH]] ([[October 18]] [[1893]]-[[August 5]] [[1961]]) was [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] from [[December 13]] [[1949]] to [[September 20]] [[1957]].

==Early life==
Holland was born in [[Greendale, New Zealand|Greendale]] in the [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] region of the [[South Island]], one of eight children. His father was a farmer and merchant, and was elected mayor of Christchurch in 1912. Holland was a prominent sportsman and sports administrator, representing Canterbury at provincial and inter-island level in hockey. After retiring from playing, he managed the New Zealand representative hockey team on an unbeaten tour of Australia in the 1932 and was a prominent hockey referee. In business, he worked for the successful family engineering company in Christchurch.<ref>http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/DNZB/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=5H30 </ref>. He also has some relatives in the United Kingdom.{{fact|date=April 2009}}

==Political career==
He came from a politically prominent family and his father, [[Henry Holland (mayor)|Henry Holland]] served as [[Mayor of Christchurch]] from 1912 to 1919. Sidney was elected to Parliament in [[New Zealand general election, 1935|1935]] after replacing his father in elections for his seat, due to Henry's ill health. In 1940 he became leader of the National Party and served as [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] for nearly ten years, until the National Party won the 1949 elections.

He represented the [[Christchurch North (NZ electorate)|Christchurch North]] electorate from 1935 to 1946, and then the [[Fendalton (NZ electorate)|Fendalton]] electorate from 1946 to 1957.

==Prime Minister==
{{mainarticle|First National Government of New Zealand}}
His [[First National Government of New Zealand|First National Government]] implemented economic reforms, dismantling many state controls. In 1951, the [[New Zealand National Party|National]] government signed the [[ANZUS]] defence agreement with Australia and the United States. The government also undertook constitutional change in 1950, by abolishing the [[New Zealand Legislative Council|Legislative Council]], the [[upper house]] of [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]], on the grounds that it was ineffectual. Subsequently New Zealand has had a [[unicameral]] parliament.

In 1951, Holland caused controversy by confronting [[1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute|striking dockers]] and coal miners intent on what he called "industrial anarchy". He ordered the army to unload cargo from key ports and called a [[New Zealand general election, 1951|snap election]], on the basis of this decision. The National Party was re-elected with an increased majority.

==Resignation and later life==
Following a period of ill health, Holland stepped down as Prime Minister in September 1957 and was replaced by [[Keith Holyoake]].

Holland was [[knight]]ed after stepping down as Prime Minister and retired at the November 1957 general election. He died in Wellington Hospital after suffering further ill health in 1961.

His son [[Eric Holland (politician)|Eric Holland]] became a National MP for Fendalton and Riccarton (1967–81) and a cabinet minister (1975–78).

==Significance of Holland's legacy==

Holland was one of New Zealand’s most significant politicians. It was due not only because of his 22 years as an MP, of which 17 was as party leader, and almost eight as Prime Minister, or because of the achievements of his government between 1949 and 1957. His major contribution was undoubtedly the role he played in the creation and consolidation of the National Party, which was to dominate New Zealand politics for much of the latter half of the twentieth century.

==References==

{{reflist}}
* [http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1940holland.html Prime Ministers' Office biography]
* Gustafson, B. The first 50 years. Auckland, 1986
* Obit. Evening Post. 5 Aug. 1961: 18
* Wilson, J. O. ‘Holland, Sir Sidney George’. In An encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ed. A. H. McLintock. Wellington, 1966

{{New Zealand prime ministers | before=[[Peter Fraser]] | after=[[Keith Holyoake]]| years=1949-1957}}
{{NZ National Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland, Sidney}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand National Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand finance ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:New Zealand knights]]
[[Category:People from Canterbury, New Zealand]]
[[pl:Sidney Holland]]
[[ru:Холланд, Сидней]]
[[fi:Sidney Holland]]

Keith Holyoake

2009-06-15T06:59:18Z

Mattlore: /* External links */ add template

{{Infobox_Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake 
|honorific-suffix =KG, GCMG, CH, QSO, KStJ
|image=KeithJackaHolyoake.png
|caption=Rt. Hon. Sir Keith Holyoake
|order=26th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|monarch=[[Queen Elizabeth II|Elizabeth II]]
|term_start=[[20 September]] [[1957]]
|term_end=[[12 December]] [[1957]] [[12 December]] [[1960]] – [[7 February]] [[1972]]
|deputy=[[Jack Marshall]] (1957 and 1960 - 1972)
|predecessor=[[Sidney Holland]] (1957) [[Walter Nash]] (1960)
|successor=[[Walter Nash]] (1957) [[Jack Marshall]] (1972)
|order2=1st [[Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|term_start2=[[13 December]] [[1949]]
|term_end2=[[12 December]] [[1957]]
|primeminister2=[[Sidney Holland]]
|predecessor2=None (new office)
|successor2=[[Jack Marshall]]
|order3=13th [[Governor-General of New Zealand]]
|primeminister3=[[Robert Muldoon]]
|term_start3=[[26 October]] [[1977]]
|term_end3=[[25 October]] [[1980]]
|predecessor3=[[Denis Blundell]]
|successor3=[[David Beattie]]
|constituency_MP4 = [[Motueka (New Zealand electorate)|Motueka]]
|parliament4 = New Zealand
|majority4 = 
|term_start4 = 1932
|term_end4 = 1938
|predecessor4 = [[George Black]]
|successor4 = [[Jerry Skinner]]
|constituency_MP5 = [[Pahiatua (New Zealand electorate)|Pahiatua]]
|parliament5 = New Zealand
|majority5 = 
|term_start5 = 1943
|term_end5 = 1977
|predecessor5 = 
|successor5 = [[John Falloon]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1904|2|11|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Pahiatua]], [[New Zealand]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1983|12|8|1904|2|11}}
|death_place=[[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=Norma Janet Ingram (Dame Norma Holyoake DCMG) married 1934, five children
|party=[[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform]] [[New Zealand National Party|National]]
|constituency=Motueka, Pahiatua
|religion=[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]]
|profession=Farmer
}}

'''Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]], [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]], [[Order of the Companions of Honour|CH]], [[Queen's Service Order|QSO]], [[Venerable Order of Saint John|KStJ]] ([[11 February]] [[1904]] - [[8 December]] [[1983]]) was a New Zealand politician. The only person to have been both [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] and [[Governor-General of New Zealand]]<ref>Sir [[George Grey]] served as both Governor of New Zealand and Premier of New Zealand in the nineteenth century, but Holyoake is the only person to have served in both capacities since the vice-regal post was renamed Governor-General upon New Zealand becoming a dominion in 1907.</ref>, Holyoake was [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] Prime Minister from [[20 September]] [[1957]] to [[12 December]] [[1957]], then again from [[12 December]] [[1960]] to [[7 February]] [[1972]]. He was appointed as Governor-General in 1977 and served until 1980.

Holyoake was the third longest-serving New Zealand Prime Minister (just under 12 years), surpassed only by [[Richard Seddon]]'s 13 years and [[William Massey]]'s close to 13 years. He was known for his diplomatic style and "plummy" voice. He was also fondly (or mockingly) known as ''Kiwi Keith'', a name given to him in childhood.

==Early life==
Holyoake was born a short distance from [[Pahiatua]], a town in [[New Zealand]]'s [[Wairarapa]] region. His family lived for a time in both [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]] and [[Tauranga]], but in 1913, settled in Riwaka, near [[Motueka]].

At age 12, having left school after his father's death, Holyoake worked on the family [[hop (plant)|hop]] and [[tobacco]] farm in Riwaka. His mother, Esther, had trained as a school teacher, and continued his education at home. After taking over the management of the farm, he became involved in various local farming associations, something that increased his interest in politics.

==Early political career==
The [[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform Party]], which had strong rural support, selected Holyoake as its candidate for the [[Motueka (New Zealand electorate)|Motueka]] seat in the [[New Zealand general election, 1931|1931 election]]. The incumbent MP, [[George Black (New Zealand politician)|George Black]], held the seat, but died the following year. Holyoake was the Reform Party's candidate in the resulting [[by-election]], and was successful. He became the youngest Member of [[Parliament of New Zealand|Parliament]] at the time.

In the [[New Zealand general election, 1935|1935 election]], Holyoake retained his seat despite a massive swing against the Reform-United coalition. In the aftermath of this election, he played a key role in transforming the coalition into the modern [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]]. He very quickly gained considerable respect from his colleagues, and was regarded as a rising star in the new party. But in the [[New Zealand general election 1938|1938 election]], Holyoake lost his seat to a rising star of the governing [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]], [[Clarence Skinner (politician)|Gerry Skinner]].

In 1943 he returned to Parliament as MP for [[Pahiatua (NZ electorate)|Pahiatua]], having been lined up by National for that nomination. In 1946, he became the party's Deputy Leader. After National won the [[New Zealand general election 1949|1949 election]], new Prime Minister [[Sidney Holland]] appointed Holyoake as Minister of Agriculture. Later, Holland made him the first person to be formally appointed [[Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand|Deputy Prime Minister]].

==Prime Minister==

==Retirement==
When National under Marshall was defeated, Holyoake remained prominent in Opposition. He played an active part in the [[New Zealand general election 1975|1975 election]], which saw National regain power again under [[Robert Muldoon]]. Muldoon appointed Holyoake to the specially created [[sinecure]] of Minister of State.

==Governor-General==
In 1977, Holyoake was unexpectedly and controversially appointed [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]] by [[Monarchy in New Zealand|Queen Elizabeth II]] on the advice of the then Prime Minister [[Robert Muldoon]]. This choice was controversial, with many opponents of Muldoon's government claiming that it was a political appointment. The Leader of the Opposition, [[Bill Rowling]] hinted that Labour might remove Holyoake as Governor-General should the Labour Party win the [[New Zealand general election, 1978|1978 general election]], and openly suggested that he would have appointed [[Sir Edmund Hillary]] as Governor-General<ref>''Rowling: The man and the myth'' by John Henderson, Australia New Zealand Press, 1980.</ref>. This suggestion was in turn criticised by the Government, as Sir Edmund had backed Labour in 1975 as part of the "[[Citizens for Rowling]]" campaign <ref>Doughty, Ross ''The Holyoake years'', Feilding, 1977, Chapter 7 "Elder Statesman"</ref>. As a result of the appointment, Holyoake resigned from Parliament, causing the [[Pahiatua by-election of 1977]].

His conduct while in office, however, was acknowledged by most to be fair and balanced. His term as Governor-General was only for three years, on account of his age (usually Governors-General serve for five years, but Holyoake was the oldest Governor-General to date) and ended in 1980.

==Later life==
He died in December 1983, aged 79, in Wellington. His daughter Diane married National MP [[Ken Comber]].

==Decorations, Awards and Memberships==
* [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council]]
* [[Freedom_of_the_City#Freedom_of_the_City_of_London|Freeman]] of the [[City of London]]
* [[Doctor of Laws]], [[Honoris Causa]], [[Victoria University of Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
* [[Doctor of Laws]] ([[Agriculture|Agric]]), [[Honoris Causa]], [[Seoul National University]], [[South Korea]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/H/HolyoakeRightHonKeithJackaCh/HolyoakeRightHonKeithJackaCh/en Biography in 1966 ''Encyclopaedia of New Zealand]
*''Kiwi Keith: a biography of Keith Holyoake'' by Barry Gustafson (2007, Auckland University Press, Auckland) ISBN 9781869404000

==External links==
* [http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1957holyoake.html Prime Minister's Office biography]
* [http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=5H33 Holyoake at Dictionary of New Zealand Biography]

{{start box}}
{{s-par}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Black]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Motueka (New Zealand electorate)|Member of Parliament for Motueka]]|years=1932-1938}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jerry Skinner]]}}
|-
{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Pahiatua (New Zealand electorate)|Member of Parliament for Pahiatua]]|years=1943-1975}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Falloon]]}}
{{s-off}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sidney Holland]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]|years=1957 1960-1972|rows=2}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Walter Nash]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Walter Nash]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jack Marshall]]|rows=2}}
|-
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand]]|years=1949-1957}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Denis Blundell|Sir Denis Blundell]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor-General of New Zealand]]|years=1977-1980}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Beattie|Sir David Beattie]]}}
{{end}}
{{Governors-General of New Zealand}}
{{start box}}
{{New Zealand prime ministers2 | before1=[[Sidney Holland]] | after1=[[Walter Nash]] | years1=1957 | before2=[[Walter Nash]] | after2=[[Jack Marshall]] | years2=1960-1972}}
{{end box}}
{{NZ National Party}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Holyoake, Keith Jacka
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Viceroy, [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]], politician
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[11 February]], [[1904]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=near [[Pahiatua]], [[New Zealand]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[8 December]], [[1983]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holyoake, Keith}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Cold War leaders]]
[[Category:Companions of the Queen's Service Order]]
[[Category:Governors-General of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:New Zealand farmers]]
[[Category:New Zealand foreign ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand knights]]
[[Category:New Zealand National Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:People from Manawatu-Wanganui]]
[[Category:People of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]

[[fr:Keith Holyoake]]
[[ko:키스 홀리오크]]
[[mr:कीथ होलियोके]]
[[pl:Keith Holyoake]]
[[ru:Холиок, Кит]]

Peter Fraser

2009-05-14T10:26:11Z

Mattlore: move template

{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox_Prime Minister
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Peter Fraser
|honorific-suffix = MP
|order=24th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|monarch=[[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]]
|governor-general=
|image=Peter Fraser.jpg
|caption=Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand, circa 1942.
|term_start=[[27 March]] [[1940]]
|term_end=[[December 13]] [[1949]]
|predecessor=[[Michael Joseph Savage]]
|successor=[[Sidney Holland]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1884|8|28|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Tain, Scotland|Tain]], [[Scotland]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1950|12|12|1884|8|28|mf=y}}
|death_place=[[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=Janet Henderson Munro
|party=[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]]
|order2=15th [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2=[[13 December]] [[1949]]
|term_end2=[[12 December]] [[1950]]
|predecessor2=[[Sidney Holland]]
|successor2=[[Walter Nash]]
| constituency_MP3 = [[Wellington Central]]
| term_start3 = 1918
| term_end3 = 1946
| parliament3 = New Zealand
| predecessor3 = [[Robert Fletcher (New Zealand)|Robert Fletcher]]
| successor3 = [[Charles Henry Chapman]]
| majority3 =
| constituency_MP4 = [[Brooklyn (NZ electorate)|Brooklyn]]
| term_start4 = 1946
| term_end4 = 1951
| parliament4 = New Zealand
| predecessor4 = ''None, seat created''
| successor4 = [[Arnold Nordmeyer]]
| majority4 =
|religion=
|profession=[[Stevedore]]
}}

'''Peter Fraser''' (1884 - 1950) served as [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]] from [[27 March]] [[1940]] until [[13 December]] [[1949]]. He held the office through most of the [[Second World War]]. Historians see him as a major figure in the history of the [[New Zealand Labour Party]]; he served longer than any other New Zealand Labour Prime Minister {{As of|2008|alt=to date}}.

== Early life==
Peter Fraser, born on [[28 August]] [[1884]], in [[Hill of Fearn]], near [[Tain, Scotland]], [[Easter Ross]], [[Scotland]], received a basic education, but had to leave school due to his family's poor financial state. Though apprenticed to a [[carpentry|carpenter]], he eventually abandoned this trade due to extremely poor eyesight - later in his life Fraser would have difficulty reading official documents, and would insist on spoken reports rather than written ones. Before the deterioration of his vision, however, Fraser read extensively - with writers such as [[Keir Hardie]] and [[Robert Blatchford]] (both [[socialism|socialists]]) among his favourites.

Fraser quickly became active in politics, becoming secretary of the local [[UK Liberal Party| Liberal]] Association at the age of 16, and joining the [[Independent Labour Party (UK)|Independent Labour Party]] in 1908.

==Union activity ==
After unsuccessfully seeking employment in [[London]], Fraser decided to move to [[New Zealand]] at the age of 26. He apparently chose New Zealand in the belief that the country possessed a strong progressive spirit.

Arriving in [[Auckland, New Zealand|Auckland]], Fraser gained employment as a [[stevedore|wharfie]]. He became involved in [[labor union|union]] politics, and also joined the [[New Zealand Socialist Party]]. When [[Michael Joseph Savage]] (later to become the Labour Party's first Prime Minister) stood as the Socialist candidate for Auckland Central electorate, Fraser worked as his campaign manager. Fraser also became involved in the [[New Zealand Federation of Labour]], and represented it at Waihi during the [[Waihi miners' strike]] of 1912. Shortly after this, Fraser moved to [[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], New Zealand's capital city.

In 1913, Fraser became involved in the founding of the [[Social Democratic Party of New Zealand|Social Democratic Party]]. Later that year the police arrested him for breaches of the peace - this related to his union activities. While the arrest led to no serious repercussions for him, it did prompt a change of strategy - Fraser moved away from [[direct action]] and began to promote a parliamentary route to power.

When the [[World War I|First World War]] broke out, Fraser strongly opposed New Zealand participation. Like many people on the [[left-wing|left]], Fraser considered the conflict an "[[imperialism|imperialist]] war", fought for reasons of national interest rather than of principle.

== New Zealand Labour Party ==

In 1916, Fraser became involved in the foundation of the [[New Zealand Labour Party]], which absorbed much of the moribund Social Democratic Party's membership. The members selected [[Harry Holland]] as the Labour Party's leader. Michael Joseph Savage, Fraser's old ally from the New Zealand Socialist Party, also participated.

Later in 1916, the government had Fraser and several other members of the new Labour Party arrested on charges of [[sedition]]. This resulted from their outspoken opposition to the war, and particularly their call to abolish [[conscription]]. Fraser received a sentence of one year in gaol. He always rejected the verdict, claiming he would only have committed subversion had he taken active steps to undermine conscription, rather than merely voicing his disapproval.

After his release from prison, Fraser worked as a journalist for the official Labour Party newspaper. He also resumed his activities within the Labour Party, initially in the role of campaign manager for Harry Holland.

In [[1918 Wellington Central by-election|a 1918 by-election]], Fraser himself gained election to [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]], winning the electorate of [[Wellington Central (NZ electorate)|Wellington Central]]. He soon distinguished himself through his work to counter the [[Spanish flu|influenza epidemic of 1918 - 1919]].

One year after his election to parliament Fraser married Janet Henderson Munro, also a political activist. The couple would remain together until Janet Munro's death in 1945, five years before Fraser's own passing. They had no children.

== Early parliamentary career ==

During his early years in parliament, Fraser developed a clearer sense of his political beliefs. Although initially enthusiastic about the Russian [[October Revolution]] of 1917 and its [[Bolshevik]] leaders, he rejected them soon afterwards, and eventually became one of the strongest advocates of excluding [[communism|communist]]s from the Labour Party. His commitment to parliamentary politics rather than to direct action became firmer, and he had a moderating influence on many Labour Party policies.

Fraser's views clashed considerably with those of Harry Holland, still serving as leader, but the party gradually shifted its policies away from the more extreme left of the spectrum. In 1933, however, Holland died, leaving the leadership vacant. Fraser contested it, but eventually lost to Michael Joseph Savage, Holland's deputy. Fraser became the new deputy leader.

While Savage represented perhaps less moderate views than Fraser, he lacked the extreme ideology of Holland. With Labour now possessing a "softer" image and the existing conservative coalition struggling with the effects of the [[Great Depression]], Savage's party succeeded in winning the [[New Zealand general election 1935|1935 elections]] and forming a government.

== Cabinet minister ==

{{mainarticle|First Labour Government of New Zealand}}

In the new administration, Fraser became [[New Zealand Ministry of Health|Minister of Health]], [[New Zealand Ministry of Education|Minister of Education]], Minister of Marine, and Minister of Police. He showed himself extremely active as a minister, often working seventeen hours a day, seven days a week. He had a particular interest in education, which he considered vital for social reform. His appointment of [[C.E. Beeby]] to the Education Department provided him with a valuable ally for these reforms. Fraser also became the driving force behind the [[Social Security Act 1938| 1938 Social Security Act]].

When the [[Second World War]] broke out in 1939, Fraser had already taken over most of the functions of national [[leadership]]. Michael Joseph Savage had been ill for some time and was near death, although the authorities concealed this from the public. Fraser had to assume most of the Prime Minister's duties in addition to his own ministerial ones.

However, internal disputes within the Labour Party made Fraser's position more difficult. [[John A. Lee]], a notable socialist within the Party, vehemently disapproved of the party's perceived drift towards the political centre, and strongly criticised Savage and Fraser. Lee's attacks, however, became strong enough that even many of his supporters denounced them. Fraser and his allies successfully moved to expel Lee from the Party ([[25 March]] 1940).

==Prime Minister ==
[[Image:Peterfraserstatue.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A statue of Fraser in the [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings#Government Buildings|Government Buildings]] Historic Reserve in [[Wellington]].]]

After Savage's death ([[27 March]] [[1940]]), Fraser successfully contested the leadership against [[Gervan McMillan]] and [[Clyde Carr]]. He had, however, to give the party's [[caucus]] the right to elect people to [[New Zealand Cabinet|Cabinet]] without the Prime Minister's approval - this practice continues as a feature of the Labour Party {{As of|2006|alt=today}}.

Despite this concession, however, Fraser remained in command, sometimes alienating his colleagues with his "authoritarian" style. Some of his determination to exercise control may have come about due to the war, on which Fraser focused almost exclusively. Nevertheless, certain measures he implemented (such as [[censorship]], [[Wage Regulation|wage control]]s, and conscription) proved unpopular with the party. In particular, conscription provoked strong opposition, especially since Fraser himself had opposed it during the First World War. Fraser replied that fighting in the Second World War, unlike in the First World War, had indeed a worthy cause, making conscription a necessary evil. Despite opposition from within the Labour Party, enough of the general public supported conscription to allow its acceptance.

During the war, Fraser attempted to build support for an understanding between Labour and its main rival, the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]]. However, opposition within both parties prevented reaching an agreement, and Labour continued to govern alone. Fraser did, however, work closely with [[Gordon Coates]], a former Prime Minister and now a National-Party rebel - Fraser praised Coates for his willingness to set aside his party loyalty, and appears to have believed that National leader [[Sidney Holland]] placed "party advantage before national unity".

In terms of the war effort itself, Fraser had a particular concern with ensuring that New Zealand retained control over its own forces. He believed that the more populous countries, particularly [[United Kingdom|Britain]], viewed New Zealand's military as a mere extension of their own, rather than as the armed forces of a sovereign nation. After particularly serious New Zealand losses in the [[Balkans Campaign|Greek campaign]] in 1941, Fraser determined to retain a say as to where to deploy New Zealand troops. Fraser insisted to British leaders that [[Bernard Freyberg]], commander of the [[2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force]], should report to the New Zealand government just as extensively as to the British authorities. When [[Japan]] entered the war, Fraser had to choose between recalling New Zealand's forces to the Pacific (as [[Australia]] had done) or keeping them in the [[Middle East]] (as [[Winston Churchill]] requested). Fraser eventually opted for the latter course.

Fraser had a very rocky relationship with U.S. [[Secretary of State]] [[Cordell Hull]], particularly over the [[Canberra Pact]] in January 1944. Hull gave Fraser a sharp and rather demeaning dressing-down when Fraser visited [[Washington D.C.]] in mid-1944, which resulted in New Zealand's military becoming sidelined to some extent in the conduct of the [[Pacific War]].

After the war ended in 1945, Fraser worked with his newly-created Department of External Affairs, headed by [[Alister McIntosh]], and devoted much of his attention to the formation of the [[United Nations]]. He became particularly noteworthy for his strong opposition to vesting powers of [[veto]] in permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]], and often spoke unofficially for smaller states. Many historians consider Fraser's performance "on the world stage" show him at his best.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

Fraser had a particularly close working relationship with McIntosh, who also acted as head of the Prime Minister's department during most of Fraser's premiership. McIntosh privately described his frustration with Fraser's workaholism, and with Fraser's insensitivity towards officials' needs for private lives; but the two men had a genuinely affectionate relationship.

Fraser also took up the role of [[Minister of Māori Affairs|Minister of Native Affairs]] (which he renamed [[Māori]] Affairs) in 1947. Fraser had had an interest in Māori concerns for some time, and he implemented a number of measures designed to reduce inequality.

Although he relinquished the role of [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|Minister of Education]] early in his term as Prime Minister, he and [[Walter Nash]] continued to have an active role in developing educational policy with [[C. E. Beeby]]. In [[New Zealand general election 1946|1946]], Fraser moved to the Wellington seat of [[Brooklyn (NZ electorate)|Brooklyn]], which he held until his death.

Fraser's other domestic policies, however, came under criticism. His slow speed in removing war-time rationing and his support for compulsory military training during peacetime particularly damaged him politically. With dwindling support from traditional Labour voters, and a population weary of war-time measures, Fraser's popularity declined. In the [[New Zealand general election 1949|1949 elections]] the National Party defeated his government.

==Leader of the Opposition ==
Fraser became [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]], but declining health prevented him from playing a significant role. Fraser died in Wellington on [[12 December]] [[1950]]. He is buried in Wellington's Karori cemetery.

[[Walter Nash]] succeeded him as leader of the Labour Party.

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1940fraser.html Prime Minister's Office biography]

== References==
* Bassett, Michael: ''Tomorrow Comes The Song: A Biography of Peter Fraser''. Penguin 2004.
* McGibbon, I., ed. ''Undiplomatic dialogue''. Auckland, 1993

{{New Zealand prime ministers | before=[[Michael Joseph Savage]] | after=[[Sidney Holland]]| years=1940-1949}}

{{NZ Labour Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Peter}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand Labour Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand foreign ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:World War II political leaders]]
[[Category:Scottish politicians]]
[[Category:New Zealanders of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Clan Fraser]]
[[Category:People from Ross and Cromarty]]
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]

[[pl:Peter Fraser]]
[[tr:Peter Fraser]]

Peter Fraser

2009-05-14T10:25:16Z

Mattlore: /* External links */ add template

{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox_Prime Minister
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name=Peter Fraser
|honorific-suffix = MP
|order=24th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]]
|monarch=[[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]]
|governor-general=
|image=Peter Fraser.jpg
|caption=Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand, circa 1942.
|term_start=[[27 March]] [[1940]]
|term_end=[[December 13]] [[1949]]
|predecessor=[[Michael Joseph Savage]]
|successor=[[Sidney Holland]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1884|8|28|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Tain, Scotland|Tain]], [[Scotland]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1950|12|12|1884|8|28|mf=y}}
|death_place=[[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
|spouse=Janet Henderson Munro
|party=[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]]
|order2=15th [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
|term_start2=[[13 December]] [[1949]]
|term_end2=[[12 December]] [[1950]]
|predecessor2=[[Sidney Holland]]
|successor2=[[Walter Nash]]
| constituency_MP3 = [[Wellington Central]]
| term_start3 = 1918
| term_end3 = 1946
| parliament3 = New Zealand
| predecessor3 = [[Robert Fletcher (New Zealand)|Robert Fletcher]]
| successor3 = [[Charles Henry Chapman]]
| majority3 =
| constituency_MP4 = [[Brooklyn (NZ electorate)|Brooklyn]]
| term_start4 = 1946
| term_end4 = 1951
| parliament4 = New Zealand
| predecessor4 = ''None, seat created''
| successor4 = [[Arnold Nordmeyer]]
| majority4 =
|religion=
|profession=[[Stevedore]]
}}

'''Peter Fraser''' (1884 - 1950) served as [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] of [[New Zealand]] from [[27 March]] [[1940]] until [[13 December]] [[1949]]. He held the office through most of the [[Second World War]]. Historians see him as a major figure in the history of the [[New Zealand Labour Party]]; he served longer than any other New Zealand Labour Prime Minister {{As of|2008|alt=to date}}.

== Early life==
Peter Fraser, born on [[28 August]] [[1884]], in [[Hill of Fearn]], near [[Tain, Scotland]], [[Easter Ross]], [[Scotland]], received a basic education, but had to leave school due to his family's poor financial state. Though apprenticed to a [[carpentry|carpenter]], he eventually abandoned this trade due to extremely poor eyesight - later in his life Fraser would have difficulty reading official documents, and would insist on spoken reports rather than written ones. Before the deterioration of his vision, however, Fraser read extensively - with writers such as [[Keir Hardie]] and [[Robert Blatchford]] (both [[socialism|socialists]]) among his favourites.

Fraser quickly became active in politics, becoming secretary of the local [[UK Liberal Party| Liberal]] Association at the age of 16, and joining the [[Independent Labour Party (UK)|Independent Labour Party]] in 1908.

==Union activity ==
After unsuccessfully seeking employment in [[London]], Fraser decided to move to [[New Zealand]] at the age of 26. He apparently chose New Zealand in the belief that the country possessed a strong progressive spirit.

Arriving in [[Auckland, New Zealand|Auckland]], Fraser gained employment as a [[stevedore|wharfie]]. He became involved in [[labor union|union]] politics, and also joined the [[New Zealand Socialist Party]]. When [[Michael Joseph Savage]] (later to become the Labour Party's first Prime Minister) stood as the Socialist candidate for Auckland Central electorate, Fraser worked as his campaign manager. Fraser also became involved in the [[New Zealand Federation of Labour]], and represented it at Waihi during the [[Waihi miners' strike]] of 1912. Shortly after this, Fraser moved to [[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], New Zealand's capital city.

In 1913, Fraser became involved in the founding of the [[Social Democratic Party of New Zealand|Social Democratic Party]]. Later that year the police arrested him for breaches of the peace - this related to his union activities. While the arrest led to no serious repercussions for him, it did prompt a change of strategy - Fraser moved away from [[direct action]] and began to promote a parliamentary route to power.

When the [[World War I|First World War]] broke out, Fraser strongly opposed New Zealand participation. Like many people on the [[left-wing|left]], Fraser considered the conflict an "[[imperialism|imperialist]] war", fought for reasons of national interest rather than of principle.

== New Zealand Labour Party ==

In 1916, Fraser became involved in the foundation of the [[New Zealand Labour Party]], which absorbed much of the moribund Social Democratic Party's membership. The members selected [[Harry Holland]] as the Labour Party's leader. Michael Joseph Savage, Fraser's old ally from the New Zealand Socialist Party, also participated.

Later in 1916, the government had Fraser and several other members of the new Labour Party arrested on charges of [[sedition]]. This resulted from their outspoken opposition to the war, and particularly their call to abolish [[conscription]]. Fraser received a sentence of one year in gaol. He always rejected the verdict, claiming he would only have committed subversion had he taken active steps to undermine conscription, rather than merely voicing his disapproval.

After his release from prison, Fraser worked as a journalist for the official Labour Party newspaper. He also resumed his activities within the Labour Party, initially in the role of campaign manager for Harry Holland.

In [[1918 Wellington Central by-election|a 1918 by-election]], Fraser himself gained election to [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]], winning the electorate of [[Wellington Central (NZ electorate)|Wellington Central]]. He soon distinguished himself through his work to counter the [[Spanish flu|influenza epidemic of 1918 - 1919]].

One year after his election to parliament Fraser married Janet Henderson Munro, also a political activist. The couple would remain together until Janet Munro's death in 1945, five years before Fraser's own passing. They had no children.

== Early parliamentary career ==

During his early years in parliament, Fraser developed a clearer sense of his political beliefs. Although initially enthusiastic about the Russian [[October Revolution]] of 1917 and its [[Bolshevik]] leaders, he rejected them soon afterwards, and eventually became one of the strongest advocates of excluding [[communism|communist]]s from the Labour Party. His commitment to parliamentary politics rather than to direct action became firmer, and he had a moderating influence on many Labour Party policies.

Fraser's views clashed considerably with those of Harry Holland, still serving as leader, but the party gradually shifted its policies away from the more extreme left of the spectrum. In 1933, however, Holland died, leaving the leadership vacant. Fraser contested it, but eventually lost to Michael Joseph Savage, Holland's deputy. Fraser became the new deputy leader.

While Savage represented perhaps less moderate views than Fraser, he lacked the extreme ideology of Holland. With Labour now possessing a "softer" image and the existing conservative coalition struggling with the effects of the [[Great Depression]], Savage's party succeeded in winning the [[New Zealand general election 1935|1935 elections]] and forming a government.

== Cabinet minister ==

{{mainarticle|First Labour Government of New Zealand}}

In the new administration, Fraser became [[New Zealand Ministry of Health|Minister of Health]], [[New Zealand Ministry of Education|Minister of Education]], Minister of Marine, and Minister of Police. He showed himself extremely active as a minister, often working seventeen hours a day, seven days a week. He had a particular interest in education, which he considered vital for social reform. His appointment of [[C.E. Beeby]] to the Education Department provided him with a valuable ally for these reforms. Fraser also became the driving force behind the [[Social Security Act 1938| 1938 Social Security Act]].

When the [[Second World War]] broke out in 1939, Fraser had already taken over most of the functions of national [[leadership]]. Michael Joseph Savage had been ill for some time and was near death, although the authorities concealed this from the public. Fraser had to assume most of the Prime Minister's duties in addition to his own ministerial ones.

However, internal disputes within the Labour Party made Fraser's position more difficult. [[John A. Lee]], a notable socialist within the Party, vehemently disapproved of the party's perceived drift towards the political centre, and strongly criticised Savage and Fraser. Lee's attacks, however, became strong enough that even many of his supporters denounced them. Fraser and his allies successfully moved to expel Lee from the Party ([[25 March]] 1940).

==Prime Minister ==
[[Image:Peterfraserstatue.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A statue of Fraser in the [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings#Government Buildings|Government Buildings]] Historic Reserve in [[Wellington]].]]

After Savage's death ([[27 March]] [[1940]]), Fraser successfully contested the leadership against [[Gervan McMillan]] and [[Clyde Carr]]. He had, however, to give the party's [[caucus]] the right to elect people to [[New Zealand Cabinet|Cabinet]] without the Prime Minister's approval - this practice continues as a feature of the Labour Party {{As of|2006|alt=today}}.

Despite this concession, however, Fraser remained in command, sometimes alienating his colleagues with his "authoritarian" style. Some of his determination to exercise control may have come about due to the war, on which Fraser focused almost exclusively. Nevertheless, certain measures he implemented (such as [[censorship]], [[Wage Regulation|wage control]]s, and conscription) proved unpopular with the party. In particular, conscription provoked strong opposition, especially since Fraser himself had opposed it during the First World War. Fraser replied that fighting in the Second World War, unlike in the First World War, had indeed a worthy cause, making conscription a necessary evil. Despite opposition from within the Labour Party, enough of the general public supported conscription to allow its acceptance.

During the war, Fraser attempted to build support for an understanding between Labour and its main rival, the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]]. However, opposition within both parties prevented reaching an agreement, and Labour continued to govern alone. Fraser did, however, work closely with [[Gordon Coates]], a former Prime Minister and now a National-Party rebel - Fraser praised Coates for his willingness to set aside his party loyalty, and appears to have believed that National leader [[Sidney Holland]] placed "party advantage before national unity".

In terms of the war effort itself, Fraser had a particular concern with ensuring that New Zealand retained control over its own forces. He believed that the more populous countries, particularly [[United Kingdom|Britain]], viewed New Zealand's military as a mere extension of their own, rather than as the armed forces of a sovereign nation. After particularly serious New Zealand losses in the [[Balkans Campaign|Greek campaign]] in 1941, Fraser determined to retain a say as to where to deploy New Zealand troops. Fraser insisted to British leaders that [[Bernard Freyberg]], commander of the [[2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force]], should report to the New Zealand government just as extensively as to the British authorities. When [[Japan]] entered the war, Fraser had to choose between recalling New Zealand's forces to the Pacific (as [[Australia]] had done) or keeping them in the [[Middle East]] (as [[Winston Churchill]] requested). Fraser eventually opted for the latter course.

Fraser had a very rocky relationship with U.S. [[Secretary of State]] [[Cordell Hull]], particularly over the [[Canberra Pact]] in January 1944. Hull gave Fraser a sharp and rather demeaning dressing-down when Fraser visited [[Washington D.C.]] in mid-1944, which resulted in New Zealand's military becoming sidelined to some extent in the conduct of the [[Pacific War]].

After the war ended in 1945, Fraser worked with his newly-created Department of External Affairs, headed by [[Alister McIntosh]], and devoted much of his attention to the formation of the [[United Nations]]. He became particularly noteworthy for his strong opposition to vesting powers of [[veto]] in permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]], and often spoke unofficially for smaller states. Many historians consider Fraser's performance "on the world stage" show him at his best.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

Fraser had a particularly close working relationship with McIntosh, who also acted as head of the Prime Minister's department during most of Fraser's premiership. McIntosh privately described his frustration with Fraser's workaholism, and with Fraser's insensitivity towards officials' needs for private lives; but the two men had a genuinely affectionate relationship.

Fraser also took up the role of [[Minister of Māori Affairs|Minister of Native Affairs]] (which he renamed [[Māori]] Affairs) in 1947. Fraser had had an interest in Māori concerns for some time, and he implemented a number of measures designed to reduce inequality.

Although he relinquished the role of [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|Minister of Education]] early in his term as Prime Minister, he and [[Walter Nash]] continued to have an active role in developing educational policy with [[C. E. Beeby]]. In [[New Zealand general election 1946|1946]], Fraser moved to the Wellington seat of [[Brooklyn (NZ electorate)|Brooklyn]], which he held until his death.

Fraser's other domestic policies, however, came under criticism. His slow speed in removing war-time rationing and his support for compulsory military training during peacetime particularly damaged him politically. With dwindling support from traditional Labour voters, and a population weary of war-time measures, Fraser's popularity declined. In the [[New Zealand general election 1949|1949 elections]] the National Party defeated his government.

==Leader of the Opposition ==
Fraser became [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]], but declining health prevented him from playing a significant role. Fraser died in Wellington on [[12 December]] [[1950]]. He is buried in Wellington's Karori cemetery.

[[Walter Nash]] succeeded him as leader of the Labour Party.

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1940fraser.html Prime Minister's Office biography]

{{NZ Labour Party}}

== References==
* Bassett, Michael: ''Tomorrow Comes The Song: A Biography of Peter Fraser''. Penguin 2004.
* McGibbon, I., ed. ''Undiplomatic dialogue''. Auckland, 1993

{{New Zealand prime ministers | before=[[Michael Joseph Savage]] | after=[[Sidney Holland]]| years=1940-1949}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Peter}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand]]
[[Category:New Zealand Labour Party MPs]]
[[Category:New Zealand foreign ministers]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders]]
[[Category:World War II political leaders]]
[[Category:Scottish politicians]]
[[Category:New Zealanders of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Clan Fraser]]
[[Category:People from Ross and Cromarty]]
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]

[[pl:Peter Fraser]]
[[tr:Peter Fraser]]

Chris Dickson

2009-02-18T10:57:14Z

Mattlore: wikilink

[[Image:chris.dickson.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dickson in holiday mode at [[Matakana]], New Zealand]]
'''Christopher Stuart (Chris) Dickson''', born 3 November 1961 in [[Auckland]], is an internationally known [[sailor]] from [[New Zealand]]. He was world youth champion three years in succession<ref>[http://www.sailing.org/25674.php Youth World Champions]</ref> and later became [[World Match Racing Tour|world match race]] champion three times.<ref>[http://www.worldmatchracingtour.com/da/10920 World match racing tour results]</ref> He also skippered several yachts in [[America's Cup]] racing, and for [[New Zealand at the 2000 Summer Olympics]], and in numerous other sailing competitions.

As skipper of ''Tokio''  he looked set to win the 460 class in the 1993-94 Whitbread Round the World race until the boat was dismasted in the fifth leg<ref>[http://www.seahorsemagazine.com/1999-April/contrib.htm Seahorse International Sailing]</ref>. He also skippered [[Larry Ellison]]'s 78 foot [[maxi yacht]] ''Sayonara'' to line honours in the 1998 [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] <ref>[http://www.cyca.com.au/sysfile/downloads/Winners%201945%20to%202005.pdf Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race Winners 1945-2005]</ref>and in four world championship regattas.

==Early sailing career==

Dickson sailed from an early age, starting out in [[Optimist (dinghy)|Optimist]] and [[P-class yacht|P Class]] boats, before graduating to [[470 (dinghy)|470]]s and [[Laser (dinghy)|Laser]]s. In 1977 he won both the [[Tanner Cup]] and [[Tauranga Cup]] for P Class events which were subsequently won by other noted New Zealand skippers, [[Russell Coutts]] (1978) and [[Dean Barker]] (1988). By the time he turned 15 he had won every regatta possible, from match racing between clubs to provincial and national championships. <ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6DE1138F931A25752C0A961948260&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Rush to success for Dickson]</ref>

==Youth world champion==
The year after his Tanner-Tauranga cups double, Dickson won the first of his three [[International Sailing Federation|ISAF Youth World Championships]], with David McKay in the 420 at [[Perth, Western Australia]]. He won again the following year in the 420
at [[Livorno]], [[Italy]] , and again the following year (1980) at [[Fort Worth]], [[Texas]] in the Laser 11 with Sean Reeves.<ref>[http://www.sailing.org/25674.php Youth World Champions]</ref>

== Olympic Games ==
At the [[New Zealand at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Olympic Games]] in [[Sydney]], Dickson and crewmate Glen Sowry sailed well in the [[Tornado]] [[catamaran]] but finished fifth overall after recording two results outside the top 10, (fifteenth in Race 4 and twelfth in Race 12).

==America's Cup==
Dickson appeared on the [[America's Cup]] scene in 1987 when he was skipper of New Zealand’s first America's Cup challenge KZ-7 in the [[1987 America's Cup]] at [[Fremantle, Western Australia]]. He was beaten that year by the eventual winner [[Dennis Conner]] and [[Stars & Stripes (yacht)|Stars & Stripes]] in the [[Louis Vuitton Cup]] Final after winning 37 of 38 races in the round-robin phases.

Since 1987, Dickson has been prominent in the international sailing world, particularly around the America's Cup.

* 1987: skipper of "Kiwi Magic" KZ-7, unsuccessful challenger candidate, finished second in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 1992: Helmsman of Nippon JPN-26, unsuccessful challenger candidate, finished third in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 1995: skipper of Tag Heuer NZL-39, unsuccessful challenger candidate, finished third in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 2003: skipper of Oracle BMW Racing the USA 76, unsuccessful challenger candidate, finished second in the Louis Vuitton Cup
* 2006/2007: CEO and skipper of [[BMW Oracle Racing]], challenger of record for the [[2007 America's Cup]]

The 2007 America's Cup was a bad experience for Dickson, who by this time had become one of the highest paid sailors in the world.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/americas-cup-stormy-waters-450573.html Americas Cup:Stormy Waters]</ref> He resigned his position as CEO of BMW Oracle Racing because of a devastating 1-5 loss in the [[Louis Vuitton Cup 2007|2007 Louis Vuitton Cup]] at the hands of semi-finals opponent [[Luna Rossa Challenge]]. Luna Rossa's helmsman [[James Spithill]] dominated the veteran Dickson in all the pre-starts.

In race 5, Dickson incurred two penalties during the pre-start and was ordered to stand down for race 6. Five days later, Dickson resigned from the team, saying it was time for him to "step aside" and for the team "to move on". Software billionaire Larry Ellison, the owner of the BMW Oracle team, subsequently officially announced his intentions to launch a challenge for the [[America's Cup (33rd edition)|33rd America's Cup]].
==Family life==
Dickson and his wife and two young children live on their farm north of Auckland<ref>[http://www.sailinganarchy.com/innerview/2003/chrisdickson.htm Ten questions with Chris Dixon]</ref>, and he has become less active in competitive sailing.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== Links ==
* http://www.sailinganarchy.com/innerview/2003/chrisdickson.htm

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dickson, Chris}}
[[Category:New Zealand yacht racers]]
[[Category:America's Cup]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 America's Cup]]
[[Category:Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]]

{[[fr:Chris Dickson]]
[[it:Chris Dickson]]
[[ja:クリス・ディクソン]]

John Key

2008-05-08T10:08:24Z

Mattlore: wikilink Helensville to Helensville (NZ electorate)

{{dablink|For the American politician, see [[John A. Key]]. For the American lawyer and judge, see [[John Ross Key]].}}
{{Infobox_Officeholder
|
| name =John Phillip Key
| honorific-suffix = MP
| image = Replace this image male.svg
| caption = John Key, Leader of the Opposition
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1961|8|9|df=yes}}
| birth_place =[[Auckland]], {{NZL}}
| residence = [[Parnell, New Zealand|Parnell]], [[Auckland]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| order=31st [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| salary =
| term_start =[[27 November]] [[2006]]
| term_end =
| deputy = [[Bill English]]
| predecessor = [[Don Brash]]
| successor=
| party = [[New Zealand National Party|National]]
| religion = None stated<ref name="nzh_religion">{{cite web|url=http://subs.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412332|title=Will the real John Key step forward|author=Ruth Berry|date=25 November 2006|accessdate=2007-08-23|publisher=[[New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref>
| constituency_MP2= [[Helensville (NZ electorate)|Helensville]]
|parliament2=New Zealand
| predessor2=''None, seat created''
| term_start2=[[27 July]] [[2002]]
| majority2= 12,778<ref name="election_2005">{{cite web|url=http://2005.electionresults.govt.nz/electorate-17.html|title=Official Count Results -- Helensville|publisher=[[New Zealand Electoral Commission]]|date=1 November 2005|accessdate=2007-08-23}}</ref>
| spouse =Bronagh Key
| children = Two
| website = [http://www.johnkey.co.nz/ www.johnkey.co.nz]
| footnotes =
| profession =Currency Trader
}}

'''John Phillip Key''' (born [[9 August]] [[1961]], in [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]) is a [[New Zealand]] politician, and member of the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]], representing the North West [[Auckland]] constituency of [[Helensville (NZ electorate)|Helensville]]. He is the current Parliamentary leader of the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] and, by virtue of this position, the current [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]].

==Before politics==
Key's father died of a heart attack in [[1967]]. Key and his two sisters were raised in a single-parent home in a [[state housing|state house]] in [[Christchurch]] by his [[Austria|Austrian]]-[[Jew|Jewish]] immigrant mother. <ref name="timeline">{{cite news|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5WQHSoSeA|archivedate=2008-03-19|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sundaystartimes/4384966a6619.html|title=POLITICS: John Key - A snapshot|work=Sunday Star Times|date=2008-02-03|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref><ref name="metroprofile">{{cite news|url=http://www.metrolive.co.nz/metroarchives/metroarchivesarticle/tabid/230/Default.aspx/mid/1416/dnnprintmode/true/?ArticleID=1178&SkinSrc=%5bG%5dSkins%2fMetro%20Live%2fPrinterFrendlySkin&ContainerSrc=%5bG%5dContainers%2f_default%2fNo+Container|title=Golden Boy|work=Metro Magazine|author=Bevan Rapson|date=2005-04-26|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>

He attended [[Burnside High School]], and earned a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] degree in [[accounting]] from the [[University of Canterbury]] in [[1981]].<ref name="timeline"/> He has undertaken postgraduate management studies at [[Harvard University]]. <ref name="heraldprofile">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412660&pnum=0|title=Profile: John Key|author=Maggie Tait|work=[[New Zealand Herald]]|date=2006-11-27|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>

His first job was in [[1982]] as an auditor at McCulloch Menzies, and he then moved to be a project manager at Christchurch-based clothing manufacturer Lane Walker Rudkin for two years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/11/story.cfm?c_id=11&objectid=10486477|title=My Job: John Key, Leader of the National Party|work=[[New Zealand Herald]]|date=[[12 January]] [[2008]]|author=Donna McIntyre}}</ref> Key began working as a foreign exchange dealer at Elders Finance in Wellington, and rose to the position of head foreign exchange trader two years later, then moved to Auckland-based Bankers Trust in 1988.<ref name="timeline"/>

In [[1995]] he joined [[Merrill Lynch]] as head of Asian foreign exchange in Singapore. That same year he was promoted to Merrill's global head of foreign exchange, based in London, where he may have earned around US$2.25 million a year including bonuses, which is about $NZ5 million at 2001 exchange rates.<ref name="timeline"/><ref name="whoisjohnkey"/> Some co-workers called him "the smiling assassin" for maintaining his usual cheerfulness while sacking dozens (some say hundreds) of staff after heavy losses from the [[Russian financial crisis]] in [[1998]].<ref name="metroprofile"/> <ref name="whoisjohnkey">{{cite news|title=Who is John Key?|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sundaystartimes/4385003a6442.html|work=Sunday Star Times|author=Gillian Tett and Ruth Laugesen|date=2008-02-03|accessdate=2008-02-28|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5WQHEq1k4|archivedate=2008-03-19}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Foreign Exchange Committee]] of the New York Federal Reserve Bank from [[1999]] to [[2001]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/MPP/MPs/MPs/3/7/8/48MP78101-Key-John.htm|title=New Zealand Parliament - Key, John|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>

In 2001, on learning of his interest in pursuing a political career, the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] president [[John Slater (New Zealand politician)|John Slater]] worked actively to recruit him. Former party leader [[Jenny Shipley]] describes him as one of the people she "deliberately sought out and put my head on the line — either privately or publicly — to get them in there". <ref name="metroprofile"/>

Key met his wife Bronagh when they were both students at Burnside High School. They married in 1984. She also has a BCom degree, and worked as a personnel consultant before becoming a full-time mother. They have two children, Stephie and Max. <ref name="metroprofile"/>

==Political career==
{| table width="330px" border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right style="margin-left:1em"
|---------- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|width=15%|'''Parl.'''
|width=40%|'''Electorate'''
|width=15%|'''List Pos.'''
|width=30%|'''Party'''
|---------- bgcolor=#DDEEFF
|[[47th New Zealand Parliament|47th]]
|Helensville
|43
|[[New Zealand National Party|National]]
|---------- bgcolor=#DDEEFF
|[[48th New Zealand Parliament|48th]]
|Helensville
|7
|[[New Zealand National Party|National]]
|}

===Helensville===
Auckland's population growth as evidenced in the 2001 census led to the creation of a new electorate called [[Helensville (NZ electorate)|Helensville]], which covered the north-western corner of the Auckland urban area. Key beat long-serving MP [[Brian Neeson]] (whose own [[Waitakere]] seat had been rendered a safe [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] seat by the boundary changes) for the preselection. At the [[New Zealand general election 2002|2002 elections]] Key won the seat with a majority of 1,705, ahead of Labour's Gary Russell, with Neeson, now standing as an independent, coming third. <ref name="election_2002">{{cite web|url=http://2002.electionresults.org.nz/electorate-17.html|title=Official Count Results -- Helensville|publisher=[[New Zealand Electoral Commission]]|date=10 August 2002|accessdate=2007-08-23}}</ref> Key was re-elected with ease at the [[New Zealand general election 2005|2005 election]] garnering 63% of votes cast in Helensville. <ref name="election_2005" />

===Spokesperson for finance===
In 2004, Key was promoted to the Opposition front benches by then leader Dr [[Don Brash]], and made the party spokesperson for finance. In late 2006 Brash resigned as leader, citing damaging speculation over his future as the reason. His resignation followed controversies over an extramarital affair, and over leaked internal National Party documents which were later published in the book [[The Hollow Men (book)|The Hollow Men]].<ref>{{cite news | author=NZPA, NZHerald Staff| title=Don Brash gone at lunchtime| url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412121&pnum=0 | publisher=[[New Zealand Herald]]| date=23 November 2006 | accessdate=2007-08-26}}</ref>

===Leader of the Opposition===
In his maiden speech as leader on [[November 28]], [[2006]], Key talked of an 'underclass' that had been 'allowed to develop' in New Zealand, a theme which received a large amount of media coverage <ref name="nznp1">{{cite web|url=http://www.national.org.nz/Article.aspx?ArticleID=8778|title=Speech to North Shore National Party luncheon|date=28 November 2006|publisher=[[New Zealand National Party]]|accessdate=2007-08-23|author=John Key}}</ref>. Key followed this speech up in February, 2007 by committing his party to a programme which would provide food in the poorest schools in New Zealand. <ref name="scoop_food">{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0702/S00059.htm|title=National launches its Food in Schools programme|date=4 February 2007|accessdate=2007-08-23|author=John Key|publisher=Scoop}}</ref>

He relented on his stance in opposition to [[Sue Bradford]]'s [[Child Discipline Bill]], which sought to remove 'reasonable force' as a defence in child abuse cases. Many parents saw this bill as an attempt to ban smacking outright<ref name="nzh_smacking">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10446314|title=78pc of parents say they'll still smack| accessdate = 2007-08-23|date=June 18 2007}}</ref>. Key and Prime Minister [[Helen Clark]] agreed a compromise giving police the discretion to overlook smacking they regard as "inconsequential"<ref>{{cite news | last = Colwill | first = Jennifer | coauthors = | title = The smacking bill - what it says | work = | pages = | publisher = [[New Zealand Herald]] | date = 2007-05-02 | url =http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=1501165&objectid=10437332 | accessdate = 2007-05-27 }}</ref>.

In August 2007, Key came in for criticism when he changed his position regarding the Therapeutic Products and Medicine Bill:
:"John Key had finally slipped up. National's leader had told the Herald on Tuesday he would have signed up to a New Zealand First-initiated compromise on the stalled Therapeutic Products and Medicines Bill had he seen it - and was still willing to sign up - only to change his mind yesterday after his remarks appeared in print."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/466/story.cfm?c_id=466&objectid=10455321|title=John Armstrong: At last, Labour gets to give Key a good kicking|publisher=[[New Zealand Herald]]|author=John Armstrong|date=2 August 2007|accessdate=2007-08-23}}</ref>

Also in August 2007, Labour's [[Trevor Mallard]] hinted in Parliament that Labour were going to try to link Key to the 1987 "H-Fee" scandal, which involved Key's former employer Elders Merchant Finance and a payment to Equiticorp Chief Executive Allan Hawkins. Hawkins and Elders executive Ken Jarrett were later jailed for fraud. Key forestalled the accusation by declaring that he had left Elders months before the event, that he had no knowledge of the deal, and that his interview with the Serious Fraud Office during the investigation into the affair could only have helped to convict the people involved. This statement was supported publicly by then-SFO director Charles Sturt.<ref>{{cite news | last = Trevett | first = Clare | title = Former SFO chief backs Key's claims | work = [[New Zealand Herald]] | date = 2007-08-25 | url =http://www.nzherald.co.nz/topic/story.cfm?c_id=213&objectid=10459777 | accessdate = 2008-02-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Long | first = Richard | coauthors = | title = Muck-rakers desperate for dirt | work = | pages = | publisher = [[Fairfax]] | date = 2007-08-28 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5WQHVLPlc | archivedate=2008-03-19 | url =http://www.stuff.co.nz/4181331a1861.html | accessdate = 2007-05-27 }}</ref>

Labour MPs have criticised Key for not releasing specific policy information at their annual conference. Key responded that National will set its own policy agenda, and that there is adequate time before the next election for voters to digest National Party policy proposals. <ref name="nzh_policy">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/topic/story.cfm?c_id=144&objectid=10455527|title=John Key's policy: There'll be more, later|date=3 August 2007|author=Paula Oliver|publisher=[[New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=2007-08-23}}</ref>.

==Political views==
Key portrays himself as more centrist than his predecessor, [[Don Brash]]. However he also notes the differences are more of style, than anything else.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} Key has in the past noted others concern at the pace of asset sales, but argued that the arguments against selling assets in the 1980s were largely irrational.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} In an interview that appeared in the Herald on March 23, 2002 he is quoted as saying "some form of orientation towards privatisation in health, education and superannuation makes sense."

Key has a mixed voting record on social issues: he voted against the bill creating [[Civil unions in New Zealand|Civil Unions]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=9001414|title=MPs vote 65-55 in favour of Civil Union Bill|date=2004-12-02|accessdate=2008-02-27|author=Newstalk ZB and Herald Staff}}</ref>, but was part of a large bloc of MPs voting to defeat a bill that defined marriage as being between a man and a woman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hansard.parliament.govt.nz/hansard/Final/FINAL_2005_12_07.htm#_Toc123093478|work=Hansard|date=2005-12-07 |title=Marriage (Gender Clarification) Amendment Bill, First Reading}}</ref> Key voted for an ill-fated attempt to raise the legal drinking age from 18 back to 20. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10409882&pnum=0|title=Drinking age stays at 18, review announced|date=2006-11-09|author=Mike Houlahan|accessdate=2008-02-26}}</ref>

Key is supportive of the changes National made to employment laws in 1992, stating that greater flexibility was needed across the labour market, and that the Employment Relations Act provided better opportunities of gaining employment. {{Fact|date=February 2008}}

Key says that he believes that global warming is a real event, and that the Government needs to implement measures to reduce human contribution to global warming. Key has committed the National Party to working towards reducing greenhouse emissions in New Zealand by 50% within the next fifty years. Critics note that as recently as 2005, Key made statements indicating that he was skeptical of the effects and impact of climate change. {{Fact|date=February 2008}}

Critics note that Key has changed his views on the Iraq war since becoming leader of the opposition. In 2003, as an opposition MP, Key emphasised National's position of supporting New Zealand's traditional allies, the [[United States]] and [[Australia]]. Key came under fire in the New Zealand Parliament in August 2007, when the Government claimed that had Key been Prime Minister at the time, he would have sent troops to Iraq <ref name="nzh_iraq">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=10459857|title=All you wanted to know about John Key but were afraid to ask|author=[[Matt McCarten]]|publisher=[[New Zealand Herald]]|date=26 August 2007|accessdate=2007-08-29}}</ref>.

===Religious views===
Key does not profess any [[religion|faith]] as such, describing himself as 'not a heavy believer' and not a believer in [[afterlife|life after death]], although his mother was [[Jewish]] <ref name="nzh_religion" />. If elected to government, and subsequently as Prime Minister, Key would be the third premier of New Zealand with Jewish ancestry ([[Julius Vogel]] and [[Francis Bell (New Zealand Prime Minister)|Francis Bell]] being the other two).

==External links==
{{wikinewsart|Exclusive interview with New Zealand politician, John Key}}
* [http://www.johnkey.co.nz/ Official website]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Political offices==
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{{s-par|[[Parliament of New Zealand]]}}
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{{succession box | before=[[Dr Don Brash]] |title=[[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]]| years=2006 – present | after=incumbent}}
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{{succession box | before=[[Dr Don Brash]] |title=[[New Zealand National Party|Leader of the New Zealand National Party]]| years=2006 – present | after=incumbent}}
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{{New Zealand political party leaders}}

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[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Jewish politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:New Zealand National Party MPs]]
[[Category:People from Auckland]]
[[Category:University of Canterbury alumni]]
[[Category:New Zealand Jews|Key, John]]
[[Category:New Zealand political party leaders|Key, John]]

[[fr:John Key]]
[[ja:ジョン・キー]]
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[[zh:約翰·凱伊]]

John Key

2008-05-08T10:08:24Z

Mattlore: wikilink Helensville to Helensville (NZ electorate)