Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Thomas Cleary

2007-08-15T15:01:17Z

MartinBot: Reverted edits by 217.75.7.34 (talk) to last version by 87.101.244.10 (BOT REVERT)

'''Thomas Cleary''' (b. [[1949]]) is a prolific author and translator of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Taoism|Taoist]], [[Confucius|Confucian]] and [[Islam|Muslim]] religious literature, and of the Chinese [[Art of War]] tradition of strategy and statecraft. He received a [[PhD]] in [[East Asian Languages]] and [[Civilizations]] from [[Harvard University]], but has had minimal involvement with the academic world.

His first publication, with his brother [[J.C. Cleary]] (also an accomplished scholar) was the translation of the massive [[Zen]] [[koan]] collection, [[The Blue Cliff Record]] ISBN 1-59030-232-X.

Cleary also translated the monumental ''[[Avatamsaka Sutra]]'' (''Huayan Jing / Flower Ornament Scripture'').

Cleary's most widely disseminated translation has been of the Chinese classic [[The Art of War]] (''Sunzi Bingfa'') by [[Sun Tzu]].

Another major translation is of the commentaries of the 18th century [[Taoist]] sage [[Liu Yiming]], who clearly explains the often impenetrable metaphoric coding of the main Taoist texts dealing with the transformation of [[consciousness]] and the fusion of the human mind with the Mind of the Tao.

Cleary's recent translation of the [[Qur'an]] has been praised by Muslims who know English and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. Another outstanding translation from the Muslim wisdom tradition is [[Living and Dying with Grace]][http://www.amazon.co.uk/Living-Dying-Grace-Counsels-Hadrat/dp/1570622116/ref=sr_1_1/026-4029806-4167661?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185477724&sr=1-1].

==External links==

*[http://www.sonshi.com/cleary.html Interview with Thomas Cleary]

[[Category:Chinese-English translators|Cleary, Thomas]]

Metriacanthosaurus

2007-07-14T02:34:29Z

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{{taxobox
| color=pink
| name= ''Metricanthosaurus''
| status = fossil
| fossil_range = [[Middle Jurassic]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Sauropsid]]a
| superordo = [[Dinosaur]]ia
| ordo = [[Saurischia]]
| subordo = [[Theropoda]]
| infraordo = [[Carnosauria]]
| familia = [[Sinraptoridae]]
| genus = '''''Metricanthosaurus'''''
| binomial = '''''Metricanthosaurus parkeri'''''
| binomial_authority = [[Friedrich von Huene|von Huene]], 1923
}}

'''''Metriacanthosaurus''''' (meaning "moderate-spined lizard") was a [[genus]] of [[Sinraptoridae|sinraptorid]] [[dinosaur]] from [[Jurassic]] [[England]]. It ate other dinosaurs of its time and place, including ''[[Callovosaurus]]'' and various other small herbivores. In 1923 German Paleontologist [[Friedrich von Huene|von Huene]] wrote a paper on [[Jurassic]] and [[Cretaceous]] European carnivorous dinosaurs. In this paper, he examined a few specimens including an incomplete hip, a leg bone, and part of a backbone, and believed it was a new species of ''[[Megalosaurus]]''.

In the 1960s, however, scientist [[Alick Walker]] decided these fossils were too different from ''Megalosaurus'' and named a new genus, ''Metricanthosaurus''. Because so little is known about this dinosaur, any image is speculation, based on closely related carnivores. What is known about it is it is a carnivore distinct from any other.

''Metricanthosaurus'' gets its name from its [[vertebrae]], which are taller than typical carnosaurs, like ''[[Allosaurus]]'', but smaller than other high-spined dinosaurs like ''[[Acrocanthosaurus]]''.

==In popular culture==

* In the film version of ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'', one of the vials containing dinosaur DNA is labeled with the name ''Metriacanthosaurus'', though the genus does not appear in the film.

{{portalpar|Dinosaurs}}

[[Category:Jurassic dinosaurs]]
[[Category:Dinosaurs of Europe]]
[[Category:Carnosaurs]]
[[Category:Jurassic Park species]]

[[es:Metriacanthosaurus]]
[[it:Metriacanthosaurus parkeri]]
[[pt:Metriacanthosaurus]]
[[sv:Metriacanthosaurus]]

James Boyd White

2007-06-30T21:25:37Z

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'''James Boyd White''' (born [[1938]]) is an American law professor, literary critic, scholar and philosopher who is generally credited with founding the "[[Law and Literature]]" movement and is the preeminent proponent of the analysis of [[constitutive rhetoric]] in the analysis of legal texts.

==Biography==
White attended [[Amherst College]], from which he graduated in 1960 with a B.A. in [[Classics]], and went on to earn an M.A. in [[English Literature]] from [[Harvard University]] in 1961, and an [[LL.B.]] from the [[Harvard Law School]] in 1964.

He practiced with the firm of [[Foley, Hoag & Eliot]] in [[Boston]] before moving into teaching. He taught at the [[University of Colorado at Boulder|University of Colorado]] Law School from 1967 to 1974, at the [[University of Chicago]] Law School from 1974 to 1983, and has been at the [[University of Michigan Law School]] from 1983 until the present. At Michigan, White is the L. Hart Wright Professor of Law, Professor of English and Adjunct Professor of Classics. He is also a member of the [[American Academy of Arts & Sciences]].

==Works==
White's most well-known book, ''[[The Legal Imagination]]'', was published in 1973. That book was designed essentially as a textbook for students studying [[legal language]]. In ''The Legal Imagination,'' literary and other texts are compared to legal texts in the way they "constitute" the identities of characters and the meanings of concepts. That book is thought to have "kicked off" the Law & Literature movement and is still widely influential.

White's subsequent books include:
*''[[When Words Lose Their Meaning]]'' (1984)
*''Heracles' Bow'' (1988)
*''Justice As Translation'' (1990)
*''Acts of Hope'' (1994)
*''"This Book of Starres" : Learning to Read George Herbert '' (1994)
*''From Expectation to Experience : Essays on Law and Legal Education'' (2000)
*''The Edge of Meaning'' (2003)
*''Living Speech: Resisting the Empire of Force''(2006)

==External links==
* [http://cgi2.www.law.umich.edu/_FacultyBioPage/facultybiopagenew.asp?ID=14 White's profile at University of Michigan website]

[[Category:1938 births|White, James Boyd]]
[[Category:Living people|White, James Boyd]]
[[Category:American legal academics|White, James Boyd]]
[[Category:Amherst College alumni|White, James Boyd]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni|White, James Boyd]]

Gary K. Wolf

2007-06-28T00:22:50Z

MartinBot: Reverted edits by 75.16.166.113 (talk) to last version by Andrea Cioffi (BOT REVERT)

'''Gary K. Wolf''' is the creator of the fictional [[Roger Rabbit]] universe in which "[[toons]]" and humans coexist. Roger Rabbit first appeared in Wolf's [[1981]] book ''[[Who Censored Roger Rabbit?]]'' (ISBN 0-345-30325-3).
The story continues in ''[[Who P-P-P-Plugged Roger Rabbit?]]'' (ISBN 0-679-40094-X). This second book, published in [[1991]], is more consistent with the [[1988]] movie ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]''. 
Wolf graduated from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] with a [[master's degree]] in [[advertising]] and is a brother of the [[Alpha Chi Rho]] fraternity. He is also the author of novels ''Killerbowl'', ''A Generation Removed'' and ''The Resurrectionist''.

Wolf and childhood friend [[John J. Myers]], Catholic Archbishop of Newark, are cowriting a novel tentatively called ''Space Vulture'', due to be released from TOR books in late 2007 or early 2008.[http://www.sfwa.org/pressbook/07/0313b-Wolf-SpaceVulture.html] Wolf and co-author Jehane Baptiste have a story entitled "The UnHardy Boys in Outer Space" in the annual anthology of humorous science fiction, ''Amityville House of Pancakes Vol 3'' (ISBN 1-894-95335-5).[http://www.creativeguypublishing.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=17&Itemid=86]

==External link==

*[http://www.garywolf.com Official Site]
*[http://www.creativeguypublishing.com Creative Guy Publishing]
*[http://www.tor-forge.com Tor]



[[Category:American science fiction writers|Wolf, Gary]]
[[Category:Roger Rabbit|Wolf, Gary]]
[[Category:Wired magazine people|Wolf, Gary]]

[[it:Gary Wolf]]

Carton House

2007-06-24T09:06:59Z

MartinBot: Reverted edits by 88.96.165.13 (talk) to last version by Xn4 (BOT REVERT)

'''Carton House''' is one of Ireland's greatest stately homes and one time ancestral seat of the Earls of Kildare and [[Duke of Leinster|Dukes of Leinster]]. Located 14 miles west of [[Dublin]], in [[Maynooth]], County Kildare, [[Ireland]], the Carton [[demesne]] runs to 1,100 acres (4.5 km²). For two hundred years it possessed the finest example in Ireland of a [[Georgian period of British history|Georgian]]-created parkland landscape. In the [[2000s]] it was redeveloped into two golf courses and hotel complex.

==Beginning of the Carton Demesne==
With a history spanning more than eight centuries, Carton Demesne has seen many changes in its lifetime. The Carton Estate first came into the ownership of the FitzGerald family shortly after Maurice FitzGerald played an active role in the capture of [[Dublin]] by the Normans in [[1170]] and was rewarded by being appointed Lord of Maynooth, an area covering townlands which include Carton.

His son became Baron Offaly in 1205 and his descendant John FitzGerald, became [[Earl of Kildare]] in [[1315]]. Under the eighth earl the FitzGerald family reached pre-eminence as the virtual rulers of Ireland between [[1477]] and [[1513]].

But the eighth earl’s grandson, the eloquently titled “[[Silken Thomas]]” was executed in [[1537]], with his five uncles, for leading an uprising against the English. Although the FitzGeralds subsequently regained their land and titles, they did not regain their position at the English Court until the 18th Century when Robert, the 19th Earl of Kildare, became a noted stateman.

==House at Carton==

The first record of a house at Carton was in the 17th Century when William Talbot, recorder of the city of Dublin was given a lease of the lands by the 14th Earl of Kildare and is thought to have built a house here at this time. The house and lands were forfeited to the crown in [[1691]] and in [[1703]] sold to Major General Richard Ingoldsby, Master General of the Ordnance. In [[1739]], the lease was sold back to the 19th Earl of Kildare who employed [[Richard Castle]]s to build the existing house. This was the same year the FitzGerald family bought [[Frescati House]]. Castles was also responsible for some other great Irish Houses including [[Westport House]], [[Powerscourt House]] and in 1745, [[Leinster House]] which he built for the FitzGeralds.

In [[1747]] James the 20th Earl of Kildare and from [[1766]] first Duke of Leinster, married [[Lady Emily Lennox]], daughter of the Duke of Richmond and great–grand-daughter of the English King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]].

Lady Emily played an important role in the development of the house and estate as it is today. She created the Chinese room (bed-room to Queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]) and decorated the famous Shell Cottage on the estate with shells from all round the world. One of Emily’s 23 children was the famous Irish Patriot [[Lord Edward FitzGerald]], leader of the [[1798 rebellion]].

Carton remained unaltered until [[1815]] when the 3rd Duke decided to sell Leinster House to the [[Royal Dublin Society]] and make Carton his principle residence. He employed [[Richard Morrison]] to enlarge and re-model the house. Morrison replaced the curved colonnades with straight connecting links to obtain additional rooms including the famous Dining room. At this time the entrance to the house was moved to the north side.

Carton remained in the control of the FitzGeralds until the 1920s when the 7th Duke sold his birth right to a money lender Sir [[Harry Mallaby Deeley]] in order to pay off gambling debts of £67,500.

He was third on line to succeed and so did not think he would ever inherit, but one of his brothers died in the war and another of a brain tumour and so Carton was lost to the Fitzgeralds.

In [[1923]] a local unit of the [[Irish Republican Army (1922-1969)|IRA]], as part of their burning of big houses of [[Protestant]] families, went to Carton with the attention of burning it down. But they were stopped when a member of the FitzGerald family brought a large painting of [[Lord Edward FitzGerald]] to the door and pointed out that they would be burning the house of a revered Irish patriot.

==House sold in 1949==

[[Ronald Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket]], whose principal residence was Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire, England, purchased the house in [[1949]] and in [[1977]] his son The Hon. David Nall-Cain, who had by then moved to the Isle of Man, sold the house to its present owners Lee and Mary Mallaghan.

==Turning house & grounds into a hotel & golf courses==

Since 1977, Carton estate has been the property of the Mallaghan family. In the [[1980s]] and [[1990s]] the Irish government came under sustained political pressure to buy the historic house and its grounds, the best preserved set of [[18th century]] parkland in Ireland. However the Government declined to do so.

==House as film set==

The house was used as a film location by many film makers and broadcasters. Two of the many films made there were [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s ''[[Barry Lyndon (film)|Barry Lyndon]]'' in [[1975]] and ''[[The Big Red One (movie)|The Big Red One]]'' in [[1980]]. They starred [[Ryan O'Neal]] (as an 18th century Irish adventurer, with a soundtrack by ''[[The Chieftains]]'') and [[Lee Marvin]] respectively.

==Hotel and Golf Facilities==

Since 2000, Carton has undergone a rebirth as a premier golf resort and hotel [http://www.cartonhouse.com]. The house was extensively restored and preserved, with the adjoining hotel hidden into the local wooded landscape to maintain the original aspect of the main house. Carton's famed historic parkland was largely preserved with the addition of two golf courses designed by [[Mark O'Meara]] and [[Colin Montgomerie]].

The Montgomerie course was recently ranked 10th in Ireland by Golf Digest magazine, the world's largest golf publication. As a mark of its success, Carton House Golf Club was the venue chosen to host the European Tour's Nissan Irish Open in 2005 and 2006.

The Golfing Union of Ireland [[http://www.gui.ie]], the longest established golf union in the world, have since located their national headquarters on the estate. This facility also comprises the the GUI National Academy, a 22 acre teaching facility for up and coming golfers as well as being a facility available to all golfers in Ireland.

==External links==

* [http://www.carton.ie Carton House Golf Club]
* [http://www.maynooth.org Maynooth Town Co.Kildare]

[[Category:Historic houses in Ireland]]
[[Category:Golf clubs and courses in Ireland]]
[[Category:Hotels in Kildare]]

{{Historic Irish houses}}

Thomas Cleary

2007-06-20T14:27:28Z

MartinBot: Reverted edits by 217.75.7.34 (talk) to last version by Larry Rosenfeld (BOT REVERT)

'''Thomas Cleary''' (b. [[1949]]) is a prolific, and somewhat reclusive, author and translator of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Taoism|Taoist]], [[Confucius|Confucian]] and [[Islam|Muslim]] religious literature, and of the Chinese [[Art of War]] tradition of strategy and statecraft. He received a [[PhD]] in [[East Asian Languages]] and [[Civilizations]] from [[Harvard University]], but has had minimal involvement with the academic world.

His first publication, with his brother [[J.C. Cleary]] (also an accomplished scholar) was the translation of the massive [[Zen]] [[koan]] collection, [[The Blue Cliff Record]] (Japanese: [[Hekigan Roku]]) ISBN 1-59030-232-X.

Cleary also translated the monumental ''[[Avatamsaka Sutra]]'' (''Huayan Jing / Flower Ornament Scripture''). His most popular translation has been of the Chinese classic [[The Art of War]] (''Sunzi Bingfa'') by [[Sun Tzu]].

Another major translation is of the commentaries of the 18th century [[Taoist]] sage [[Liu Yiming]], explaining the often impenetrable metaphoric coding of the main Taoist texts, dealing with the transformation of [[consciousness]] accompanying [[spirituality|spiritual]] [[Enlightenment (concept)|enlightenment]] and with [[Taoist alchemy]]

Cleary's recent translation of the [[Qur'an]] has been praised by Muslims who know English and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}

Early in his career, he was sponsored by the abbot [[Zentatsu Richard Baker]] of the [[San Francisco Zen Center]] while conducting his translation work.

==External links==

*[http://www.sonshi.com/cleary.html Interview with Thomas Cleary]

[[Category:Chinese-English translators|Cleary, Thomas]]

Brier (Washington)

2007-06-19T17:35:27Z

MartinBot: Reverted edits by 168.99.164.164 (talk) to last version by TXiKiBoT (BOT REVERT)

'''Brier''' is a city in [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish County]], [[Washington]], [[United States]]. It is bordered by [[Mountlake Terrace, Washington|Mountlake Terrace]] to the west, [[Lynnwood, Washington|Lynnwood]] to the north, unincorporated [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish County]] to the east, and the [[King County, Washington|King County line]] to the south. The population was 6,383 at the 2000 census, with an estimated 2005 population of 6,344 <ref name="USCensus-Brier">''[[US Census Bureau]]'', [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_name=Brier%2C+WA+98036&_state=&_county=Brier%2C+WA+98036&_cityTown=Brier%2C+WA+98036&_zip=&_sse=on&_lang=en&pctxt=fph US Census Bureau data for Brier, WA, USA], Mar 23, 2007</ref>.

==History==
Brier was officially incorporated on [[February 11]], [[1965]].

==Geography==
[[Image:WAMap-doton-Brier.png|right|Location of Brier, Washington]]Brier is located at {{coor dms|47|47|24|N|122|16|23|W|city}} (47.790019, -122.273068){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 5.5 [[km²]] (2.1 [[square mile|mi²]]), all land.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 6,383 people, 2,095 households, and 1,766 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,157.0/km² (2,996.6/mi²). There were 2,115 housing units at an average density of 383.4/km² (992.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.42% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.83% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.66% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 7.77% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.16% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.97% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.20% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.23% of the population.

There were 2,095 households out of which 47.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.7% were non-families. 11.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.05 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the city the population was spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $73,558, and the median income for a family was $77,226. Males had a median income of $52,407 versus $37,697 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $26,675. About 0.8% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 1.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Based on [[Washington locations by per capita income|per capita income]], one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Brier ranks 68th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked.

In the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 US presidential election]], Brier cast 57.37% of its vote for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[John Kerry]][http://www.uselectionatlas.org/].

==Events==
One of the more well-known events in Brier is ''SeaScare,'' a play on Seattle's much better known ''Seafair.'' [http://www.seascare.com/ Official Website] It takes place in August and is a one-day affair, with a Porch Light Parade, contests, music and a screening of a classic movie, among other things. It involves nautical themes, in keeping with its Seafair ties. It is supported by the small number of Brier businesses. Seascare strives for a ''small town'' and community feel, explaining the nostalgic events and movie. [http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=seascare09n&date=20060809&query=brier Seattle Times article on 2006 Seascare]

==Notes/references==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.ci.brier.wa.us/ City of Brier]

{{Mapit-US-cityscale|47.790019|-122.273068}}

[[Category:Snohomish County, Washington]]
[[Category:Cities in the Seattle metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington]]

[[lmo:Brier, Washington]]

Jaffa Street

2007-06-14T16:49:29Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 165.155.192.155 (talk) to last version by Tewfik

'''Jaffa Road''' ({{lang-he|רחוב יפו}}) is one of the most central and longest streets in [[Jerusalem]], as well as one of its oldest. Its name derives from it being the beginning of the [[highway 1 (Israel)|road to Jaffa]] from [[Old City of Jerusalem|Old Jerusalem]]'s western [[Jaffa Gate]].

The road transits the city from east to west, travelling from the Ottoman walls to the downtown to the modern towers at the city's western portal. It is home to hundreds of stores, and passes some of the city's most well-known sites: [[Tzahal Square]] ([[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] square), [[Safra Square]] (city hall), [[Zion Square]], [[Davidka Square]], the intersection with [[King George V Street (Jerusalem)|King George Street]], the [[Ben Yehuda]] [[Ben Yehuda street|street]] [[pedestrian mall]], the famous [[Machane Yehuda]] market, and the [[Jerusalem Central Bus Station]]. It is currently being redeveloped as a car-free [[pedestrian mall]] served by the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]].

== History ==
{{seealso|history of Jerusalem}}
=== Early development ===
[[Image:JaffaStreet.jpg|thumb|300px|Jaffa Road in the 19th century]]
Originally paved in 1861 as part of the highway to Jaffa, the road quickly became a focal point for the 19th century expansion out of Jerusalem's Old City walls, and early neighbourhoods like the [[French Compound|French]] and [[Russian Compound]]s, [[Nachalat Shiv'a]], and [[Machane Yehuda]] blossomed around it, as well as [[Shaare Zedek Medical Center|Shaare Zedek hospital]]. Proximity to the artery quickly became a measure of real-estate value in the booming city. Traffic originally consisted of camels and mules, and the route was eventually improved enough to allow for horse-drawn [[carriage]]s. The German [[Templers (religious believers)|Templers]], who established the nearby [[German Colony of Jerusalem|German Colony]], first began a regular carriage service along the road to Jaffa.

=== British Mandate ===
During the period of the [[British Mandate of Palestine|British Mandate]], the street was further developed with the establishment of many central institutions including the city hall, the city's central post office, the [[Anglo-Palestine Bank]], and the [[Assicurazioni Generali|Generali]] office building. The buildings on its easternmost end constructed along the Old City walls were destroyed in July 1944 so as not to obscure the city's historic view. During this period the street took on its modern shape, and it became the heart of the city's developing [[central business district]] as most commerce left the Old City. During the city's 19-year division between Israel and Jordan after the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], which separated the Old City from much of modern Jerusalem, Jaffa Road's primacy as the city-centre was unchallenged.

=== Modern evolution ===
[[Image:Jaffostreet2006.jpg|thumb|300px|Early buildings integrated into the modern Jaffa Road (2006).]]
The 1967 [[Six-Day War]] and its reunification of the city saw Jaffa Road [[urban decay|decline as a centre of commerce]] due to the [[Suburbanization|massive expansion of the city]] and development of alternate business and shopping districts. The convergence of most of the city's bus-lines and much of its traffic due to the road's geographic location in the middle of the city still left it a measure of importance. One consequence was that the weakened area was still travelled enough to attract numerous terror-attacks from the late 1960s onward, and it achieved infamy as the site of some of the most devastating [[List of Hamas suicide attacks|Hamas suicide attacks]] of the mid-1990s as well as [[List of massacres committed during the al-Aqsa Intifada|those]] of the [[Second Intifada]].

== Redevelopment ==
[[Image:Rakevet kala.jpg|thumb|300px|A [[mural]] above Jaffa Road depicting its transformation into a pedestrian mall serviced by the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]].]]
For much of its hundred year existence, Jaffa Road has served as Jerusalem's central artery. In recent years, the municipality has responded to problems in the struggling city-centre through focused efforts to redevelop the street; Jaffa Road has been limited to public transit (buses and taxis) in an attempt to divert [[traffic congestion]] from the area, and it is the centrepiece of a new development plan for revitalising the downtown. According to the plan, the central portion of the road will be paved with tiles and completely closed to vehicular traffic, and will instead become a [[pedestrian mall]] integrated into the existing area at [[Ben Yehuda]] [[Ben Yehuda street|street]] served by the future [[Jerusalem Light Rail]]. A tunnel has been constructed under the street at [[Tzahal Square]] in 2004 to allow the city's [[highway 60 (Israel)|central north-south route]] to bypass it. In order to accommodate the new system, new utility lines have been laid under one side of the road, which was also widened. 180 properties were evacuated to allow for the road's improvement.

The new arrangement will create an unhindered pedestrian corridor from the narrow alleyways of the Old City to the modern central shopping areas. At its western end, opposite the [[Jerusalem Central Bus Station|Central Bus Station]], the light-rail will pass over Jaffa Road at the city-entrance via [[Santiago Calatrava]]'s [[Chords Bridge]], which will also serve as an architectural beacon for the area. When the redesign is realised in 2008, the street will become the longest pedestrian mall in Israel at 1.5 kilometres.

== References ==
*{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99673833.html |title=Tzahal Square Tunnel Inaugurated |publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=[[September 24]], [[2004]]}}
*[http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=1838&pic_cat=2&icon_cat=6&york_cat=7 Jaffa Road history] - Jerusalem Municipality website
*[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/jerusalem/ Jerusalem Light Rail Project]

[[Category:Streets in Jerusalem]]
[[he:רחוב יפו]]

Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913

2007-06-13T19:15:03Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 82.25.225.105 (talk) to last version by 80.168.224.248

{{British legislation lists, Acts}}

[[image:cat_and_mouse.jpg|thumb|250px|A poster attacking the Liberals government's role in the Cat and Mouse Act.]]
The '''"Cat and Mouse Act"''' (formally the '''Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913''') was an [[Act of Parliament]] passed in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] under [[Herbert Henry Asquith]]'s [[The Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] government in 1913.

==Background==
To attain the goal of [[universal suffrage]], the [[Women's Social and Political Union]] (WSPU, known colloquially the [[suffragette]]s) engaged in acts of protest such as the breaking of windows, arson, and the "technical assault" (without causing harm) of police officers. Many WSPU members were jailed for these offenses.

In response to what the organisation viewed as brutal punishment and harsh treatment by the government at the time, imprisoned WSPU members embarked on a sustained campaign of [[hunger strike]]s. Some women were freed on taking this action, but this rendered the policy of imprisonment of suffragettes futile.

So, the government turned to a policy of [[force feeding]] hunger-strikers by [[nasogastric tube]]. Repeated uses of this process often caused sickness, which served the WSPU's aims of demonstrating the government's treatment of the prisoners.

==The Act as a response to suffragette hunger strikes==
Faced with growing public disquiet over the tactic of forcefeeding, and the determination of the jailed suffragettes to continue their strikes, the government rushed the Act through Parliament.

The effect of the Act was to permit the release of prisoners who were suffering illness for them to recuperate; however, the police were free to re-imprison offenders again once they were better. The intention of the Act was to counter the tactic of hunger strikes undertaken by jailed [[suffragette]]s and the damaging consequences for the government's support among (male) voters by the [[force feeding]] of women prisoners.

==Unintended consequences of the act==
The ineffectiveness of the act was very soon evident as the authorities experienced much more difficulty than anticipated in re-arresting the released hunger-strikers, many of whom eluded the police with the help of a network of suffragette sympathisers. The inability of the government to lay its hands on high-profile suffragettes transformed what had been intended as a discreet device to control suffragette hunger-strikers into a public scandal.

This act was aimed at suppressing the power of the organisation by demoralising the activists, but turned out to be counter-productive as it undermined the moral authority of the government. The act was viewed as violating basic human rights, not only of the suffragettes but of other prisoners. The Act's nickname of ''Cat and Mouse Act'', referring to the way the government seemed to play with prisoners as a cat may with a captured mouse, underlined how the cruelty of repeated releases and re-imprisonments turned the suffragettes from targets of scorn to objects of sympathy.

The Asquith government's implementation of the act caused the militant WSPU and the suffragettes to perceive Asquith as the enemy — an enemy to be vanquished in what the organisation saw as an all-out war.

A related effect of this law was to increase support for the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], many of whose early founders supported votes for women. For example, philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]] left the Liberal Party , and wrote pamphlets denouncing the act and the Liberals for making in his view an illiberal and anti-constitutional law. So the controversy helped to accelerate the decline in the Liberals electoral position, as segments of the middle class began to defect to Labour.

==See also==
* [[History of feminism]]
* [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom]]

[[Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1913]]
[[Category:1913 in law]]
[[Category:Suffrage campaign in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:feminism]]

[[zh:貓捉老鼠法案]]

Benutzer:Winschu/Daniel Bennett (Fußballspieler)

2007-06-09T03:51:27Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 142.167.132.193 (talk) to last version by Singopo

{{about|the Singaporean soccer player|the American saxophonist|Daniel Bennett (saxophonist)}}

[[Image:P1040618.JPG|thumb|right| '''Daniel Bennett''' at the airport, returning home with the truimphant Singapore team after the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship final.]]

'''Daniel Bennett''' {{flagicon|England}} / {{flagicon|Singapore}} (born [[January 7]] [[1978]], in [[Great Yarmouth]], [[England]]) is a professional [[Football (soccer)|soccer]] player who plays for the [[Singapore Armed Forces Football Club]] (SAFFC) and the [[Singapore national football team]]. He was born a [[United Kingdom|British]] citizen, but changed his nationality to [[Singapore|Singaporean]] in 2002 in order to play international football for Singapore.

Bennett was born in the United Kingdom. His family moved to Singapore when he was two years old. He was educated in Singapore at [[Tanglin Trust School]] and the [[United World College of South East Asia]] (where his father, Andrew Bennett, was a teacher and later Headmaster until 2004). He then returned the UK to study at [[Loughborough University]], before coming back to Singapore to play professional football.

Representing Singapore at international level, Bennett was a key member of the teams which won the [[ASEAN Football Championship]] (formerly known as the 'Tiger Cup') in 2005 and 2007.

At club level, Bennett currently plays for SAFFC in Singapore's [[S.League]]. He has previously played for S.League clubs [[Woodlands Wellington FC|Woodlands Wellington]], [[Tanjong Pagar United FC|Tanjong Pagar United]] and [[Balestier Khalsa FC|Balestier Central]]. Bennett won the S.League's 'Player of the Year' award in 2001, when he played for Tanjong Pagar. Bennett also had a stint playing for [[Wrexham A.F.C.|Wrexham]] in the English football league in 2002.

==See also==
* [[List of Asian footballers with foreign heritage]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.fas.org.sg/default.asp?V_DOC_ID=1302 Profile at Football Association of Singapore website]

[[Category:Singaporean footballers|Bennett, Daniel]]
[[Category:English footballers|Bennett, Daniel]]
[[Category:Asian footballers with foreign heritage|Bennett, Daniel]]
[[Category:Wrexham A.F.C. players|Bennett, Daniel]]
[[Category:Alumni of Loughborough University|Bennett, Daniel]]
[[Category:1978 births|Bennett, Daniel]]
[[Category:Living people|Bennett, Daniel]]

Natriumthiopental

2007-06-08T03:48:59Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 74.12.140.41 (talk) to last version by Drumguy8800

{{drugbox |
| IUPAC_name = sodium 5-ethyl-5-(2-methylpentyl)-4,6-dioxo- -1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thiolate
| image = tiopental.png
| image2 = Sodium-thiopental-3D-vdW-2.png
| width = 113
| CAS_number = 76-75-5
| ATC_prefix = N01
| ATC_suffix = AF03
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|N05|CA19}}
| PubChem = 3000714
| DrugBank = APRD00660
| C = 11 | H = 17 | N = 2 | Na = 1 | O = 2 | S = 1
| molecular_weight = 264.321 g/mol
| bioavailability =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life = 5.89<ref>Russo H, Bres J, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B. "Pharmacokinetics of thiopental after single and multiple intravenous doses in critical care patients." ''Eur J Clin Pharmacol'' 1995; 49(1-2):127-37. PMID: 8751034</ref>-26 hours<ref>Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ. "Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section." ''Anesthesiology'' 1981 Jun;54(6):474-80. PMID 7235275</ref>
| excretion =
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_US = Schedule III
| routes_of_administration = Oral, intravenous
}}
'''Sodium thiopental''', better known as '''Sodium Pentothal''' (a [[trademark]] of [[Abbott Laboratories]]), '''thiopental''', '''thiopentone''' '''sodium''', or '''trapanal''', is a rapid-onset short-acting [[barbiturate]] [[general anaesthetic]]. Sodium thiopental is a depressant and is sometimes used during interrogations not to cause pain (in fact it may have just the opposite effect) but to get the person being interrogated to talk.


==Barbiturates==
{{main|Barbiturate}}
Barbiturates are a class of drugs that act on the [[GABA A receptor|GABAA receptor]] in the brain and spinal cord. The GABAA receptor is an inhibitory channel which decreases neuronal activity and the barbiturates enhance the inhibitory action of the GABAA receptor. Barbiturates, [[benzodiazepine]]s, and alcohol all bind to the GABAA receptor, yet the barbiturates bind with the highest affinity with longer receptor binding half-lives. This explains why overdoses of barbiturates may be lethal whereas overdoses of benzodiazepines alone are typically not lethal. Another explanation is that barbiturates can activate GABA receptors in the absence of the GABA molecule, whereas benzodiazepines require GABA to be present to have an effect: this may explain the more widespread effects of barbiturates in the central nervous system. Barbiturates have anesthetic, [[sedative]], and [[hypnotic]] properties. Barbiturates do not have [[analgesic]] effects.<ref>http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/ccm/Anesth/aneshome.cfm</ref>

==Uses==
===Anesthesia===
Thiopental is an ultra-short acting barbiturate and is most commonly used in the induction phase of [[general anaesthesia|general anesthesia]]. Following [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[Injection (medicine)|injection]] the drug rapidly reaches the brain and causes unconsciousness within 30–45 seconds. At one minute, the drug attains a peak concentration of about 60% of the total dose in the brain. Thereafter, the drug distributes to the rest of the body and in about 5–10 minutes the concentration is low enough in the brain such that consciousness returns.

Thiopental is not used for the maintenance of anesthesia in surgical procedures because, in infusion, it displays [[Biological half-life#Zero-order elimination|zero-order elimination kinetics]], leading to a prolonged period before consciousness is regained. Instead, anesthesia is usually maintained with an [[Inhalational anaesthetic|inhaled anesthetic]] agent. This class of drugs has a relatively rapid elimination, so that stopping the inhaled anesthetic will allow rapid return of consciousness. Thiopental would have to be given in large amounts to maintain an anesthetic plane, and because of its 11.5–26 hour half-life, consciousness would take a long time to return.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7235275</ref>

In veterinary medicine, thiopental is also used for the induction of anesthesia. Since thiopental is redistributed to fat, certain breeds of dogs, primarily the [[sight hounds]] can have prolonged recoveries from thiopental due to their lack of body fat and lean body mass. Thiopental is always administered intravenously as it can be fairly irritating; severe tissue necrosis and sloughing can occur if the drug is injected incorrectly into the tissue surrounding the vein rather than into the bloodstream.

===Medically induced coma===
In addition to anesthesia induction, thiopental can be used to induce medical comas. Even though the drug is described as an ultra-short acting barbiturate, the drug's half-life is much longer and giving a larger dose ensures adequate concentrations in the brain to maintain anesthesia. Patients with brain swelling, causing elevation of the intracranial pressure, either secondary to trauma or following surgery may benefit from this drug. Thiopental, and the barbiturate class of drugs, decrease neuronal activity and therefore decrease the production of osmotically active metabolites which in turn decrease swelling. Patients with significant swelling have improved outcomes following the induction of coma. Reportedly, thiopental has been shown to be superior to [[pentobarbital]]<ref>Pérez-Bárcena J, Barceló B, Homar J, Abadal JM, Molina FJ, de la Peña A, Sahuquillo J, Ibáñez J. "Comparison of the effectiveness of pentobarbital and thiopental in patients with refractory intracranial hypertension. Preliminary report of 20 patients]" [Article in Spanish] ''Neurocirugia (Astur).'' 2005 Feb;16(1):5-12; discussion 12-3. PMID 15756405 [http://www.revistaneurocirugia.com/web/artics/v16n1/1.pdf Fulltext]</ref> in reducing intracranial pressure.

===[[Euthanasia]]===
Thiopental is sometimes used intravenously for the purposes of euthanasia. The Belgians and the Dutch have created a protocol that recommends sodium thiopental as the ideal agent to induce coma followed by [[pancuronium bromide]].<ref>http://www.wweek.com/html/euthanasics.html</ref>

:Intravenous administration is the most reliable and rapid way to accomplish euthanasia and therefore can be safely recommended. A coma is first induced by intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg thiopental sodium (Nesdonal) in a small volume (10 ml physiological saline). Then a triple intravenous dose of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular muscle relaxant is given, such as 20 mg pancuronium dibromide (Pavulon) or 20 mg [[vecuronium bromide]] (Norcuron). The muscle relaxant should preferably be given intravenously, in order to ensure optimal availability. Only for [[pancuronium dibromide]] (Pavulon) are there substantial indications that the agent may also be given intramuscularly in a dosage of 40 mg.[http://www.wweek.com/html/euthanasics.html]

===Lethal injection===
Along with [[pancuronium bromide]] and [[potassium chloride]], thiopental is used in 37 states of the [[United States|U.S.]] to execute prisoners by [[lethal injection]]. A megadose is given which places the subject into a rapidly induced coma. Executions using the three drug combination are usually effective in approximately 10 minutes, but have been known to take several times this length. The use of thiopental alone is hypothesized to cause death in approximately 45 minutes.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-morales21feb21,0,246025.story?coll=la-home-headlines]</ref>

===Truth serum===
Thiopental is still used in some places as a [[truth serum]].<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/truth-serum-used-on-serial-child-killers/2007/01/12/1168105166282.html Sydney Morning Herald], Truth serum used on 'serial child killers', January 12, 2007, Reuters.</ref> The barbiturate drugs as a class decrease higher cortical brain functioning. Psychiatrists hypothesize that because lying is more complex than the truth, suppression of the higher cortical functions may lead to the uncovering of the "truth." However the reliability of confessions made under thiopental is dubious; the drug tends to make subjects chatty and cooperative with interrogators, but a practiced liar or someone who has a false story firmly established would still be quite able to lie while under the influence of the drug.

===Psychiatry===
Psychiatrists have used thiopental to desensitize patients with phobias,[http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/137/12/1580] and to "facilitate the recall of painful, repressed memories."[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,863001,00.html] One psychiatrist who worked with thiopental is Professor Jan Bastiaans, who used this procedure to help release trauma in victims of the Nazis.[http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v08n1/08118sne.html]

==Metabolism==
As with all lipid soluble anaesthetic drugs, the short duration of action of STP is almost entirely due to its redistribution away from central circulation towards muscle and fat tissue. Once redistributed the free fraction in the blood is metabolised in the liver. Sodium thiopental is mainly metabolized to [[pentobarbital]],<ref>WINTERS WD, SPECTOR E, WALLACH DP, SHIDEMAN FE. "Metabolism of thiopental-S35 and thiopental-2-C14 by a rat liver mince and identification of pentobarbital as a major metabolite." ''Journal of Pharmacology Experimental Therapeutics.'' 1955 Jul;114(3):343-57. PMID 13243246</ref> 5-ethyl-5-(1'-methyl-3'-hydroxybutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid, and 5-ethyl-5-(1'-methyl-3'-carboxypropyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid.<ref>Bory C, Chantin C, Boulieu R, Cotte J, Berthier JC, Fraisse D, Bobenrieth MJ. "[Use of thiopental in man. Determination of this drug and its metabolites in plasma and urine by liquid phase chromatography and mass spectrometry]" [Article in French] ''C R Acad Sci III.'' 1986;303(1):7-12. PMID 3093002</ref>

==Dosage==
The usual dose range for induction of anesthesia using thiopentone is from 3 to 7 mg/kg, however, there are many factors which alter this. Premedication with sedatives such as [[benzodiazepines]] or [[clonidine]] will reduce requirements, as do specific disease states and other patient factors.

==Side effects==
As with nearly all [[anesthesia|anesthetic]] [[Medication|drug]]s, thiopental causes cardiovascular and respiratory depression resulting in [[hypotension]], [[apnea]] and [[airway]] obstruction. For these reasons, only suitably trained medical personnel should give thiopental in an environment suitably equipped to deal with these effects. Side effects include headache, [[delirium|emergence delirium]], prolonged [[somnolence]] and [[nausea]]. The hangover effects may last up to 36 hours.

==History==
Sodium thiopental was discovered in the early 1930s by [[Ernest H. Volwiler]] and [[Donalee L. Tabern]], working for [[Abbott Laboratories]]. It was first used in human beings on March 8, 1934, by Dr. [[Ralph M. Waters]]<ref>[http://www.anes.uab.edu/march.htm This Month in Anesthesia History: March]</ref> in an investigation of its properties, which were short-term anesthesia and surprisingly little analgesia.<ref>Steinhaus, John E. [http://www.asahq.org/Newsletters/2001/09_01/steinhaus.htm The Investigator and His ‘Uncompromising Scientific Honesty’] American Society of Anesthesiologists. ''NEWSLETTER.'' September 2001, Volume 65, Number 9.</ref> Three months later,<ref>[http://www.aana.com/archives/imagine/1997/08imagine97.asp Imagining in Time—''From this point in time: Some memories of my part in the history of anesthesia -- John S. Lundy, MD''] August 1997, AANA Archives-Library</ref> Dr. [[John S. Lundy]] started a clinical trial of thiopental at the [[Mayo Clinic]] at the request of Abbott.<ref>[http://www.aana.com/archives/pdf/0008CHP7.pdf History of Anesthesia with Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist] ''Archives of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists.'' 1953</ref>

It is famously associated with a number of anesthetic deaths in victims of the attack on [[Pearl Harbor]]. These deaths, relatively soon after its discovery, were due to excessive doses given to shocked trauma patients. Evidence has however become available through freedom of information legislation and has been reviewed in the "British Journal of Anaesthesia" (1995;75:366-8). Thiopentone anaesthesia was in its early days, but nevertheless only 13 of 344 wounded admitted to the Tripler Army Hospital did not survive.

Thiopental is still rarely encountered as a [[recreational drug]], usually stolen from veterinarians or other legitimate users of the drug, however more common sedatives such as [[benzodiazepines]] are usually preferred, and abuse of thiopental tends to be uncommon and opportunistic.

== External links ==
{{ChemicalSources}}

==References and end notes==
* [http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=149220 PubChem Substance Summary: Thiopental]
* [http://www.hospira.com/Files/PDF/Pentothal-PI.pdf Pentothal] Abbott Laboratories. 1993.

<references/>

{{Barbiturates}}
{{General anesthetics}}


[[Category:Anesthetics]]
[[Category:Barbiturates]]
[[Category:Lethal injection components]]
[[Category:Sodium compounds]]


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Benutzerin:Leserättin/Rubinroter Dschungel

2007-06-07T11:21:18Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 194.83.29.253 (talk) to last version by Geniac

[[Image:Rubyfruit Jungle.jpg|thumb|right|Rita Mae Brown's ''Rubyfruit Jungle'']]

'''''Rubyfruit Jungle''''' is the first novel ([[1973]]) by [[Rita Mae Brown]], remarkable for its explicit [[lesbianism]]. The novel is a [[bildungsroman]]/[[autobiography|autobiographical]] (some have suggested [[picaresque]]) account of Brown's youth and emergence as a lesbian author.

== As a coming-of-age lesbian novel ==

This work is notable for being an early literary lesbian novel, as well as for Brown's own activism in lesbian and [[feminism|feminist]] causes. Many lesbian readers have found in it a reflection of their own experiences and observations. While some now belittle it as "just another lesbian coming-of-age novel," its success is part of why the genre is now often considered cliché.

==Plot summary==

The novel focuses on Molly Bolt, the adopted daughter of a poor family, who possesses remarkable beauty and who is aware of her lesbianism from early childhood. Her relationship with her mother is rocky, and at a young age her mother, referred to as "Carrie," informs Molly that she is not her own biological child but a "bastard." Molly has her first same-sex sexual relationship in the sixth grade with her friend Leota Bisland, and then again in a Florida high school, where she has another sexual relationship with another friend, Carolyn Simpson, the school lead [[cheerleader]], who willingly has sex with Molly but refuses the name "lesbian." Molly also engages in sex with males, including her cousin Leroy when the two were younger. Her father, Carl, dies when she is in her junior year of high school. In a combination of her strong-willed nature and disdain for Carrie, Molly pushes herself to excel in high school, winning a full scholarship to the [[University of Florida]]. Unlike Carrie, Carl has always supported Molly's goals and education. However, when Molly's homosexual relationship with her alcoholic roommate is discovered, she is denied a renewal of her scholarship. Possessing little money, she moves to New York to pursue an education in filmmaking.

== Parallels with personal life ==

The novel parallels similar incidents in the author's life.

In 1955, when Brown was 11 years old, her family moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where she attended high school and experimented sexually with boys and girls. When Brown was 16, her girlfriend's father found her love letters, and Brown was dismissed from the student council <ref name="litmap"/>.
In the 1960s, Brown attended the [[University of Florida]], but she was expelled for participating in a [[civil rights]] rally. She later moved to [[New York City]], attended [[New York University]], and received a degree in Classics and English. Later, she received another degree in [[Cinematography]] from the [[New York School of Visual Arts]], and, in 1976, she received a doctorate in political science.

== Other novels ==

Other novels followed ''Rubyfruit Jungle'', including:

* ''Six of One'' (1978)
* ''Southern Discomfort'' (1982)
* ''Sudden Death'' (1983)
* ''High Hearts'' (1986)
* ''Wish You Were Here'' (1990).

Brown has also published a translation of plays, two books of poetry, a collection of essays (''A Plain Brown Rapper'', 1976, and ''Starting from Scratch: A Different Kind of Writer's Manual'', 1988). She has also written a number of plays and screenplays <ref name="litmap">http://www.ncteamericancollection.org/litmap/brown_rita_mae_va.htm</ref>.

==See also==
*[[Lesbian fiction]]

== References ==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;"><references/></div>
[[Category:1973 novels]]
[[Category:American novels]]
[[Category:Debut novels]]
[[Category:Lesbian novels]]
[[Category:LGBT literature in the United States]]

Nick Abbot

2007-06-06T23:08:32Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 82.23.10.137 (talk) to last version by 77.98.18.157

{{Infobox Radio Presenter
| name = Nick Abbot
| image = Nick_Abbot.gif
| imagesize =
| caption = Promotional photo taken in 2006
| birthname =
| birthdate =
| birthplace =
| deathdate =
| deathplace =
| show = [[Planet Rock]] with Nick Abbot
| station = [[Planet Rock]]
| timeslot = 2 - 6pm [[GMT]] Saturdays & Sundays
| show2 = ''Nick Abbot''
| station2 = [[LBC 97.3]]
| timeslot2 = 10pm - 1am [[GMT]] Saturdays
| style = [[Music]] Radio and [[Talk radio]]/Phone-in
| country = {{flagicon|ENG}} England
| prevshow = [[102.2 Smooth FM]] [[Real Radio]] [[talkSPORT]] (then Talk Radio) [[Virgin Radio]] (then Virgin 1215) [[BBC GLR]] [[Radio Luxembourg]]
| web = [http://www.lbc.co.uk/sectional.asp?id=13356 lbc.co.uk: Nick Abbot] official [http://www.nickabbot.com/ nickabbot.com] unofficial
}}

'''Nick Abbot''' is a British radio presenter.

== Early career ==
Abbot's career began at Virgin Megastore's instore radio station, VMR.

In early [[1988]], he joined [[Radio Luxembourg]] to present an overnight music show. The show later became a [[phone in]], and eventually a 'straight to air' format was settled upon, where Abbot would take calls live and unscreened. This format quickly became a hit with listeners, which Abbot would call "Screenless". At the time, the absence of the delay system to supposedly 'dump' bad language resulted in callers saying swear words just before they were cut off. It is believed that Abbot was one of the first (if not the first) to take calls straight to air.

Later in October 1988, Abbot launched the new BBC service for London [[BBC GLR]]. He presented the breakfast show for a year, however his contract was not renewed. He then returned to VMR, where he stayed until 1993.

== Virgin and Talk Radio ==
In [[1993]], Abbot was offered a job presenting a late-night show on [[Virgin Radio]] (then Virgin 1215) by his the Virgin launch Programme Controller and former GLR colleague, John Revell. Virgin's large listener base meant that Abbot was able to make his name in British broadcasting, building up a number of regular listeners, many of which still listen today. Following a number of complaints to the [[Ofcom|Radio Authority]] in [[1994]] which resulted in Virgin being fined, Abbot was moved to an earlier slot (7-10pm on weekdays) and was instructed to tone down his act, mainly taking music requests.

January [[1995]] saw Abbot returned to the late-night slot for four months, before being moved to the 4-7.30pm drive time slot presenting a heavily music-based show. Abbot left the station in September [[1995]], leaving Virgin with a fine of £20,000.

In late [[1996]], Talk Radio (now [[talkSPORT]]) hired Abbot to provide holiday cover for various presenters, before being offered his own weekly phone-in show on the station in the summer of [[1997]], working alongside [[Carol McGiffin]] during the close of the football season. It was also during this period that [[Virgin Radio]]'s new bosses decided to re-hire him during the summer to provide holiday cover.

In late [[1997]], Abbot started presenting his own Saturday evening show while continuing his stand-in slots on Virgin (referred to on air at Talk Radio as "the other place").

In early [[1998]], while still working at Talk Radio, Abbot was offered a permanent slot on Virgin, presenting a show on weekday afternoons. Later in the year, Nick was moved to the weekday evening slot on Talk Radio, meaning that he was presenting two shows every weekday.

It was during Abbot's time at Virgin did his ''Lightning Round'' become such a popular feature amongst callers. The format involved whereby Abbot would come up with a sentence starter, for example "I love" or "I wish", and callers would come straight to air in quick succession to finish the sentence with their suggestions. Not surprisingly, callers would take advantage of this format, just like his Luxemburg show, and ignore the Lightning Round rules and do their own piece.

== Black Thursday==
Thursday [[12 November]] [[1998]], coined Black Thursday by Talk Radio listeners, was the day that the station was taken over by a new set of bosses, headed by [[Kelvin MacKenzie]]. Abbot, along with many other presenters, was immediately axed. Following his dismissal from Talk Radio, his slot at Virgin was extended to six days a week.

== Life after Talk Radio ==
Between March and September [[1999]], local London station [[LBC]] hired both Abbot & [[Carol McGiffin|McGiffin]] for a Saturday evening phone-in show, similar in format to the duo's earlier Talk Radio stint. During this time, Abbot continued working for Virgin as a DJ.

Throughout the summer of [[2000]], Abbot presented a Sunday morning phone in show on Virgin, while continuing to host the daily afternoon show. Later in the year, he moved back to the drive time slot until leaving Virgin once again in May [[2001]]. Two months later, he joined [[Real Radio (Wales)]] to host their late night phone in show for a week as holiday cover for regular presenter [[Adrian Allen]]. October [[2001]] saw the beginning of a five-day stint at Manchester's [[Key 103]], during which he presented the 10pm-2am slot.

In January [[2002]], Abbot moved to [[Real Radio (Scotland)]] where he again presented the late night phone in. Later in 2002, his show was networked across all three [[Real Radio]] stations (Scotland, Wales & [[Real Radio (Yorkshire)|Yorkshire]]).

Abbot presented his last Real Radio show on Thursday [[19 December]] [[2002]], subsequently deciding to take a break from radio for what was to be a number of years.

== The return on the radio ==
On Saturday, [[3 September]] [[2005]], Abbot was heard on London's [[102.2 Smooth FM]], presenting a morning show. Since then he has stood in for various presenters, including weekend breakfast, and has also been heard covering shows on digital station [[Planet Rock]], which became a regular gig from [[17 December]], [[2005]] onwards, presenting on Saturdays and Sundays from 2-7pm.

In addition to that, in [[2006]], Abbot returned to the FM airwaves on a brief stint sitting in for [[Caroline Feraday]]'s weekend show (10pm-1am, Friday, Saturday and Sunday nights) on [[LBC 97.3]], from 10th-19th February. However, he lost his voice during his second February show, cutting the show short and being replaced by [[Wendy Lloyd]]. He was also unable to present the following evening's show, but returned on [[17 February]] for the final three shows of his reappearance.

Abbot now has a regular weekly slot on the station every Saturday night from 10pm-1am. Abbot also tends to fill in for absent presenters, particularly for colleague [[Iain Lee]], who is also a fan of Nick's.

Abbot's show has a clear unique style amongst other LBC presenters. It becomes normal for an amusing summary of the week's news at the start of the show during his opening jingle, ''Boogie Woogie'' by [[Liberace]], replacing the theme tune he had used for years - "The Beautiful People" by [[Marilyn Manson]]. Throughout the show, Nick plays various sound clips including a partial happy birthday jingle or amusing quotes from films such as [[The Terminator]].

== Trivia ==

* Abbot has claimed that he had, as he describes, a 'near death experience' where he suffered from high cholesterol levels, in which he was hospitalised.
* Abbot occasionally mentions that he has porridge for breakfast (to reduce his cholesterol levels following his called 'near death experience') followed by a 'second breakfast', usually whilst watching BBC's Breakfast show or the sunrise on his Sky+ service.
* Abbot enjoys modern architecture, reading and valuable vinyl records.
* Abbot has had [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_eye_surgery#Laser_eye_surgery laser eye surgery].
* Abbot has suffered from [[Bell's palsy]] twice, which is statistically unique.
* Having previously worked in a meat factory, in which he became a vegetarian, Abbot has only recently begun to occasionally eat meat.

== Memorable quotes ==

The following are some quotes that Nick would often say on his radio career:
* I am not Iain Lee!
* You're rubbish at this!
* 1,2,3...testing...can you hear me?
* Shall I just leave now?
* Mmmmm mmmmmm
* Ta-ta!
* We're dooooomed!
* Here is a mobile...
* Ohh sorry we have run out of time on that call
* Pressing and pressing and pressing and pressing...
* That is the correct answer!
* That is the incorrect answer, but thanks for playing!
* Ehhh it were grand when I was a lad! (In northern accent)
* What a nice lady!
* Haven't heard that in a dogs age
* The masses are asses
* Woodwork squeeks - Out come the freaks
* Yeah hello? (When answering calls during straight to air)
* Heeeeeeeey DJ
* [[You Tube]], You Tube
* Its Eeeeeelizabeth From Cheeeeddddaaarrrr!
* [[Wii]] (pronounced "why-eye")
* I'm alright thanks (After being asked "How are you?")
* Un believeable!

== External links ==
* [http://www.nickabbot.com/ NickAbbot.com] - Directory of Nick Abbot fan sites
* [http://www.forums.nickabbot.info/index.php Nick Abbot forums] - Unofficial discussion forums
* [http://lbc.audioagain.com/index.php?sid=1&player=showchannel&channel_id=138] - Nick Abbot's LBC premium podcasts (requires subscription)

[[Category:British radio personalities|Abbot, Nick]]
[[Category:British radio DJs|Abbot, Nick]]
[[Category:Virgin Radio (UK)|Abbot, Nick]]
[[Category:Piccadilly Radio DJs|Abbot, Nick]]
[[Category:Alumni of Brunel University|Abbot, Nick]]
[[Category:Living people|Abbot, Nick]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing|Abbot, Nick]]

Steven Barnes

2007-06-06T22:18:12Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 64.56.64.27 (talk) to last version by EEMeltonIV

[[Image:stevenbarnes.jpg|Steven Barnes photo by Beth Gwinn|thumb]]

'''Steven Barnes''' (born [[March 1]], [[1952]] in [[Los Angeles, CA]]) is a self-titled writer, lecturer, creative consultant, and human performance technician. He is married to author [[Tananarive Due]]. The couple live in [[Los Angeles]]. Barnes has a daughter, Lauren Nicole (born [[March 16]], [[1986]]) from his first marriage and a son, Jason, from his current marriage.

Mr. Barnes has had a varied education, including a secondary education at [[Los Angeles High School]]. He continued at [[Pepperdine University]], majoring in Communication Arts. He is a certified hypnotherapist, trained at the Transformative Arts Institute in [[San Anselmo, California]].

His true passion, other than writing, is shown by his experience in martial and physical arts. He is a Black Belt in [[Kenpo|Kenpo Karate]] ([[Aikka]] style), and [[Judo|Kodokan Judo]]. He holds an instructor certificate in [[Wu Ming Ta]], and has an instructor candidate ranking in [[Filipino Kali]] stick and knife fighting. He is an advanced student in [[Jun Fan]] Kickboxing ([[Bruce Lee]] method under [[Dan Inosanto]]), and is an instructor in [[Wu Style Tai Chi Chuan]] under [[Hawkins Cheung]]. He is also an intermediate student in self defense pistol shooting ([[Turnipseed modified Weaver method]]).

He also holds a Brown Belt in [[Jiu Jitsu|Shorenji Jiu Jitsu]], and intermediate rankings in [[Tae Kwon Do]] and [[Aikido]]. He has additional (limited) experience in boxing, Western fencing, wrestling, Wing Chun Kung Fu, Shotokan Karate, and French Savate.

He has completed the Yoga Works basic [[Hatha Yoga]] instructor program.

He is presently studying [[Pentjak Silat]] (an Indonesian fighting system) with Guru [[Stevan Plinck]], and [[Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga|Ashtanga Yoga]] (an aerobic form of yoga).

He also practices martial arts with [[Scott Sonnon]], as well as co-teaching a class called "The Path Worksop".

==Bibliography==
*The [[Dream Park series]]:
**''[[Dream Park]]'' ([[1981]]) (with [[Larry Niven]])
**''[[The Barsoom Project]]'' ([[1989]]) (with Larry Niven)
**''[[The California Voodoo Game]]'' ([[1992]]) (with Larry Niven)

*The [[Aubrey Knight series]]:
**''[[Street Lethal (novel)|Street Lethal]]'' ([[1983]])
**''[[Gorgon Child]]'' ([[1989]])
**''[[Firedance]]'' ([[1993]])

*The [[Heorot series]]:
**''[[The Legacy of Heorot]]'' ([[1987]]) (with Larry Niven and [[Jerry Pournelle]])
**''[[Beowulf's Children]]'' ([[1995]]) (with Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle)

*The [[Bilalistan series]]:
**''[[Lion's Blood]]'' ([[2002]]) (winner 2003 [[Endeavour Award]])
**''[[Zulu Heart]]'' ([[2003]])

*Other works:
**''[[The Descent of Anansi]]'' ([[1982]]) (with Larry Niven)
**''[[The Kundalini Equation]]'' ([[1986]])
**''[[Fusion (comics)|Fusion]]'' ([[1987]]) ([[comic book]] mini-series)
**''[[Achilles' Choice]]'' ([[1991]]) (with Larry Niven)
**''[[Blood Brothers (novel)|Blood Brothers]]'' ([[1996]])
**''[[Iron Shadows]]'' ([[1997]])
**''[[Far Beyond the Stars]]'' ([[1998]]) ([[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]] novelization)
**''The Lives of Dax'': "The Music Between the Notes" ([[1999]])
**''[[Saturn's Race]]'' ([[2000]]) (with [[Larry Niven]])
**''[[Charisma (novel)|Charisma]]'' ([[2002]])
**''[[The Cestus Deception]]'' ([[2004]]) ([[Star Wars]])
**''[[Great Sky Woman]]'' ([[2006]])
**[[To See the Invisible Man (The Twilight Zone)|"To See the Invisible Man"]] (a television script adapting a short story by [[Robert Silverberg]], for the 1980s revival of ''[[The New Twilight Zone|The Twilight Zone]]'')

Information taken from his website [http://www.lionsblood.com].

==References==
*[http://www.lionsblood.com Lionsblood.com]

==External links==
*[http://www.lionsblood.com/html/steve.htm Steven Barnes' Homepage]
*[http://boards.theforce.net/Authors_&_Artists/b10347/8152343/?58 Steven Barnes discussion at theforce.net Message Boards]
{{Memoryalpha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnes, Steven}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:African American writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Endeavour Award winning authors]]

[[bg:Стивън Барнс]]
[[pt:Steven Barnes]]

Benutzerin:Leserättin/Rubinroter Dschungel

2007-06-06T10:59:53Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 194.83.29.253 (talk) to last version by David Gerard

Benutzer:Bk1 168/Übersetzungen/John Forester

2007-06-03T18:24:35Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 84.63.125.91 (talk) to last version by CWY2190

John Forester born June 3, 1987, is a model and actor, residing in Los Angeles, California. He has been professionally modeling and acting for about two years and already has appeared in various well known magazines and TV shows such as The Hills and Laguna Beach. He has also starred in one of My Chemical Romance's latest music vidoes.

Die Kunst der Täuschung (Buch)

2007-06-03T16:47:10Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv TTFN Ta-Ta For Now (talk) to last version by Pegship

{{Infobox Book
|name = The Art of Deception
|author = [[Kevin Mitnick|Kevin D. Mitnick]] William L. Simon [[Steve Wozniak]]
|genre = Social engineering
|language = English
|publisher = Wiley
|release_date = October 4, 2002
|pages = 304
|isbn = ISBN 0-471-23712-4
}}
'''''The Art of Deception''''' is a book by [[Kevin Mitnick]] that covers the art of [[Social engineering (computer security)|social engineering]]. Part of the book is composed of real stories, and examples of how social engineering can be combined with [[hacker (computer security)|hacking]].

All, or nearly all, of the examples are fictional, but quite plausible. Many are frightening or at least unsettling because they expose the ease with which a skilled social engineer can subvert many rules most people take for granted. A few examples:

* A person gets out of a speeding ticket by fooling the police into revealing a time when the arresting officer will be out of town, and then requesting a court date coinciding with that time.
* A person gains access to a company's internal computer system, guarded by a password that changes daily, by waiting for a snowstorm and then calling the network center posing as a snowed-in employee who wants to work from home, tricking the operator into revealing today's password.
* A person gains lots of proprietary information about a start-up company by waiting until the CEO is out of town, and then showing up at the company headquarters pretending to be a close friend and business associate of the CEO.
* A person gains access to a restricted area by approaching the door carrying a large box of books, and relying on people's propensity to hold the door open for others in that situation.
This book also, after giving an example, will tell what tricked/conned the victims of the scam, and how to prevent it in real life or business (or how to do it to somebody else).

== See also ==
*[[The Art of Intrusion]]

[[Category:Computer books|Art of deception]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Art of Deception}}
{{nonfiction-book-stub}}

[[nl:The Art of Deception]]
[[pl:Sztuka podstępu]]
[[pt:A Arte de Enganar]]

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy

2007-06-03T07:32:49Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 213.64.148.207 (talk) to last version by Murad67

[[Image:HS_Suhrawardy.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
'''Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy'''([[September 8]], [[1892]] - [[December 5]], [[1963]]) was a politician from [[Bengal]] in undivided [[British Raj|India]], and later in [[East Pakistan]], who served as [[Prime Minister|Prime Minister of Pakistan]] from [[1956]] until [[1957]]. He is also known for his controversial role in the [[Direct Action Day]] of [[August 16]], [[1946]]. Following riots in [[Bengal]] during the last days of India's freedom struggle, he was considered a favourite of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] who spoke well of him. He is also considered as the first populist leader in Pakistan's history.He is the founder of [[Awami League]], one of the two major political parties of present day's [[Bangladesh]].
==Early life==

Suhrawardy was born on 8th September, 1892 to a prominent Muslim family in the town of [[Midnapore]], now in [[West Bengal]]. He was the younger son of Justice Sir Zahid Suhrawardy, a prominent judge of Calcutta High Court. In conformity with the elite Muslim tradition of [[India]], his family members spanned the entire subcontinent speaking [[Urdu]] and did not identify themselves as ethnic Bengali. But Suhrawardy learnt [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and chose to identify himself with the politics and society of Bengal.

==Education & Marriage==

Suhrawardy completed his undergraduate studies at [[St. Xavier's College, Calcutta|St. Xavier's College]], and completed a masters degree at the [[University of Calcutta]]. Afterwards, he moved to the [[United Kingdom]] to attend [[Oxford University]] from where he obtained a BCL degree. On leaving Oxford, he was called to the bar at [[Gray's Inn]].

In 1920, Suhrawardy married Begum Niaz Fatima, daughter of [[Sir Abdur Rahim]], the then home minister of British India.

==Return to India==

Suhrawardy returned to the [[subcontinent]] in [[1921]] as a practicing barrister of Calcutta High Court. He became involved in politics in [[Bengal]]. Initially, he joined the [[Swaraj Party]], a group within the [[Indian National Congress]], and became an ardent follower of [[Chittaranjan Das]]. He played a major role in signing the Bengal Pact in 1923.

Suhrawardy became the Deputy Mayor of the Calcutta Corporation at the age of 31 in 1924, and the Deputy Leader of the Swaraj Party in the Provincial Assembly. But, following the death of Chittaranjan Das in 1925, he began to disassociate himself with the Swaraj Party and eventually joined [[Muslim League]]. He served as Minister of Labour, and Minister of Civil Supplies under [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] among other positions. In the Bengal Muslim League, Suhrawardy and [[Abul Hashim]] led a progressive line against the conservative stream led by Nazimuddin and [[Akram Khan (politician)|Akram Khan]].

In [[1946]], Suhrawardy established and headed a [[Muslim League]] government in Bengal. It was the only Muslim League government in India at that time.

==Direct Action Day==

Under Suhrawardy's direction, the Bengal Government declared August 16, 1946 to be a public holiday to celebrate the [[Direct Action Day]] called by Jinnah to protest against the Cabinet Mission plan for the independence of India.

Mobs rioted throughout Bengal, resulting in huge loss of life and property, particularly at capital [[Calcutta]]. There was also a significant riot in the [[Direct Action Day#Noakhali massacre|Noakhali]] district. Suhrawardy was widely blamed for not taking steps to prevent the carnage, and trying to suppress the news of the same from the media.

==Independence==

In 1947, the balance of power in Bengal shifted from the [[Muslim League]] to [[Congress]], and Suhrawardy stepped down from the Chief Ministership.Unlike other Muslim League stalwarts of India,he did not leave his hometown for newly established Pakistan.Apprehending revenge of Hindus against Muslims in [[Calcutta]] after transfer of power, Suhrawardy sought help from [[Gandhi]]. Gandhi was persuaded to stay and pacify tempers in Calcutta, but he agreed to do so on the condition that Suhrawardy share the same roof with him so that they could appeal to Muslims and Hindus alike to live in peace. "Adversity makes strange bed-fellows," Gandhi remarked in his prayer meeting.

==Political life in East Pakistan==

Upon the formation of [[Pakistan]], Suhrawardy maintained his work in politics, continuing to focus on Bengal or [[East Pakistan]] as it became after independence from the British. In [[1949]] he formed the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League, which would develop into the [[Awami League]].

In the [[1950s]], Suhrawardy worked to consolidate political parties in East Pakistan to balance the politics of [[West Pakistan]]. Under [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]], Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy would serve as Law Minister and later become the head of opposition parties.

In 1956, he was made Prime Minister by [[President|President of Pakistan]] [[Iskander Mirza]] after the resignation of [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]]. Suhrawardy inherited a political schism that was forming in Pakistan between the Muslim League and newer parties, such as the [[Republican Party (Pakistan)|Republican party]]. The schism was fed by the attempt to consolidate the four provinces of [[West Pakistan]] into one province, so as to balance the fact that East Pakistan existed as only one province. The plan was opposed in West Pakistan, and the cause was taken up by the Muslim League and religious parties. Suhrawardy supported the plan, but the vast opposition to it stalled its progress.

In order to divert attention from the controversy over the "One Unit" plan as it was called, Suhrawardy tried to ease economic differences between East and West Pakistan. However, despite his intentions, these initiatives only led to more political frictions, and was worsened when Suhrawardy tried to give more financial allocations to East Pakistan than West Pakistan from aids and grants. Such moves led to a threat of dismissal looming over Suhrawardy's head, and he resigned in 1957.

In the foreign policy arena, he is considered to be one of the pioneers of Pakistan's pro United States stand.

==Post-political life and death==

Disqualified from politics under the military regime of [[Ayub Khan]], Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy died in [[Lebanon]] in [[1963]]. His death was officially due to complications from heart problems, though some have alleged he was poisoned. After a befitting funeral attended by a huge crowd, he was buried at [[Suhrawardy Udyan]] in [[Dhaka]].

== See also ==
*[http://pakistanspace.tripod.com/47.htm Chronicles Of Pakistan]
*[[:Category:Prime Ministers of Pakistan]]
*[[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan]]
*[[Politics of Pakistan]]

==References==
* ''Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy: A Biography'' by [[Begum Shaista Ikramullah]] (Oxford University Press-1991)
* ''Freedom at Midnight'' by Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins
* ''Gandhi's Passion'' by Stanley Wolpert (Oxford University Press)
{{sequence|prev=[[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]]|next=[[Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar|I.I. Chundrigar]]|list=[[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]}}
{{PakistaniPMs}}
{{PakCreation}}

[[Category:Pakistani politicians|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Saheed]]
[[Category:1892 births|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Shaheed]]
[[Category:1963 deaths|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Shaheed]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Pakistan|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Shaheed]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Shaheed]]
[[Category:Leaders of All India Muslim League|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Shaheed]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Saheed]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni|Suhrawardy, Huseyn Saheed]]
[[Category:Awami League]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi people]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]

[[ur:حسین شہید سہروردی]]

Daisy (Werbung)

2007-06-01T16:18:44Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 65.27.192.28 (talk) to last version by 68.80.183.130

'''''Daisy''''', sometimes known as '''''Daisy Girl''''' or '''''Peace Little Girl''''', is an infamous [[political campaign|campaign]] [[television advertisement]]. Though aired only once (by the campaign), during a [[ September 7]], [[1964]] telecast of ''[[David and Bathsheba]]'' on [[The NBC Monday Movie]], it was a factor in [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s defeat of [[Barry Goldwater]] in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1964|1964 presidential election]] and an important turning point in [[Politics of the United States|political]] and [[advertising]] [[history]]. Its creator was [[Tony Schwartz]] of [[DDB Worldwide|Doyle Dane Bernbach]]. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made.

The advertisement begins with a little girl standing in a meadow with chirping birds, picking the petals of a daisy while counting each petal slowly. (Because she does not know her numbers perfectly, she repeats some and says others in the wrong order, all of which adds to her childish appeal.) When she reaches "9", an ominous-sounding male voice is then heard counting down a missile launch, and as the girl's eyes turn toward something she sees in the sky, the camera zooms in until her pupil fills the screen, blacking it out. When the countdown reaches zero, the blackness is replaced by the flash and [[mushroom cloud]] from a [[nuclear explosion]].

As the firestorm rages, a voiceover from Johnson states, "These are the stakes! To make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die." Another voiceover then says, "Vote for President Johnson on November 3. The stakes are too high for you to stay home."

As soon as the ad aired, Johnson's campaign was widely criticized for using the prospect of [[nuclear war]], as well as the implication that Goldwater would start one, to frighten voters. The ad was immediately pulled, but the point was made, appearing on the nightly news and on conversation programs in its entirety.

Johnson's line "We must either love each other, or we must die" echoes [[W. H. Auden]]'s poem "[[September 1, 1939]]" in which line 88 reads "We must love one another or die". The words "children" and "the dark" also occur in Auden's poem.

"These are the stakes" was also used at the end of advertisements for the Republicans in the [[United States general elections, 2006]], advertisements claiming that the Democrats would be soft on [[terrorism]] and expose the country to danger and featured Al Qaeda Members and a threat of a nuclear bomb.

==Popular culture==
* The advertisement was spoofed in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming]]." During the episode, Sideshow Bob attempts to detonate a nuclear bomb; the montage of scenes leading up to Bob's ultimately failed attempt to blow up Springfield ends with a scene of [[Maggie Simpson]] picking at a daisy, much like the little girl did in the advertisement.

* In 2000, it was used in a [[music video]] for [[Fatboy Slim]]'s "Sunset (Bird Of Prey)".

* In 2003, the [[left-wing]] group [[MoveOn|MoveOn.org]] attempted to revive the 'Daisy' ad campaign. The updated version was intended to denounce the imminent [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion of Iraq]].

* In 2003, the miniseries "[[Battlestar_Galactica_(TV_miniseries)|Battlestar Galactica]]" paid homage to the advertisement. The show included a sequence in which a fleet of starships is attacked by missiles. In the final moments before the missiles strike, a little girl is shown picking the petals from a flower.

* In 2006, the pilot episode of the TV series "[[Jericho_(TV_series)|Jericho]]" had a scene in which a girl playing hide and seek with her brother innocently counted down "5...4...3...2...1" just as a nuclear explosion created a mushroom cloud on the horizon.

==External links==
* [http://www.pbs.org/30secondcandidate/timeline/years/1964b.html Video of the ad, from the PBS website (QuickTime and RealVideo formats)]
* [http://www.udel.edu/poscir/road/course/commercials/ A Historical Look at Campaign Commercials]
* [http://youtube.com/watch?v=bmhFT15scBA Video of the ad on YouTube]

[[Category:Television commercials]]
[[Category:Election campaigning]]
[[Category:United States presidential campaigns]]
[[Category:1964 in the United States]]
[[Category:Lyndon B. Johnson]]

[[he:תשדיר החרציות]]

Japanophilie

2007-06-01T03:56:36Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 74.192.161.85 (talk) to last version by Antandrus

{{Not verified|date=March 2007}}
{{Original research}}
[[Image:Lafcadio hearn.jpg|right|thumb|[[Lafcadio Hearn]], aka Koizumi Yakumo, a notable scholar and author well known for his strong interest in Japanese culture and books on Japan.]]

A '''Japanophile''' (also known as a '''Nipponophile''') is a non-[[Japanese people|Japanese]] person with an strong interest in one or more aspects of [[Japan]] or [[Culture of Japan|Japanese culture]]. The word describes individuals who fall in one or more of the following categories:

* Scholars on the [[History of Japan]]
* Students of the [[Japanese language]]
* Scholars on the [[Sociology]] of Japan
* Fans of a particular aspect of Japanese culture

Today, Japanophilia is becoming more common around the world, with the popularization of many Japanese cultural exports and Japanese pop culture, such as [[Zen Buddhism]], [[Japanese food]], [[J-Horror]], [[J-Pop]], [[anime]], [[manga]], and [[video game]]s. However, a strain of it has existed since the days of [[Lafcadio Hearn]], an Irish-American author who made his home in Japan in the 19th century. His writings were the first to introduce Japan's unique culture, folk beliefs, and practices to the wider world, and served as the inspiration for many Japanophiles in the West.

==See also==
* [[Japonism]]
* [[Asiaphile]]
* [[Orientalism]]
* [[Otaku]]
* [[Yellow cab (stereotype)]]

==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A33261-2003Dec26?language=printer "Japan's Empire of Cool"], Washington Post

[[Category:Japan in non-Japanese culture]]
[[Category:Subcultures]]

[[ko:친일파]]
[[ja:親日派]]
[[sv:Japanofil]]
[[zh:亲日派]]

Andy Thompson (Politiker)

2007-05-27T20:56:10Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 66.0.223.241 (talk) to last version by Lucasbfr

'''Andrew Ernest Joseph (Andy) Thompson''', [[Master of Social Work|MSW]] (born [[December 14]], [[1924]]) is a former [[Canada|Canadian]] politician. Thompson was a member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|Legislative Assembly]] of [[Ontario]], and later served as a [[Canadian Senate|Senator]]. He was first elected as a [[Member of Provincial Parliament]] in the [[Ontario general election, 1959|1959 Ontario election]] as a candidate of the [[Ontario Liberal Party]] in the [[Toronto]] riding of [[Dovercourt (electoral district)|Dovercourt]].

Born in [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]], he was educated at [[Monkton Combe School]] in [[England]] and [[Oakwood Collegiate]] in [[Toronto]]. He attended the [[University of Toronto]] from 1942 to 1943 until he joined the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] during [[World War II]]. He was discharged in 1946 with the rank of Lieutenant. He completed his education at [[Queen's University]] and received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1947. He received a [[Master of Social Work]] from the [[University of British Columbia]] in 1949.

Thompson made his name in the legislature in March [[1964]] when he assailed [[Attorney-General of Ontario|Attorney-General]] [[Fred Cass]] over Bill 99, which would have amended the Police Act to allow the Ontario Police Commission to interrogate individuals in secret. The scandal forced Cass to resign and enhanced Thompson's reputation considerably. He was elected leader of the party in the fall of 1964 when he defeated [[Charles Templeton]] on the sixth ballot.

As a result of his involvement in an automobile accident in which two elderly women were seriously injured, Thompson resigned as leader in early 1967 without ever having led his party in an election. Thompson was replaced as Liberal leader by [[Robert Nixon]], and was named to the [[Canadian Senate]].

Thompson's time in the Senate was relatively uneventful and he kept a low profile. So low, in fact, that his attendance in the Senate was the worst of any Senator in the 1990s. Thompson attended only 12 times in seven years. Thompson claimed he was unable to attend Senate sessions due to illness, but continued to draw his salary. The [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]] made Thompson's absence a ''cause celebre'', repeatedly pointing to the fact that he was living in [[Mexico]]. Reform [[Member of Parliament|Members of Parliament]] hired a [[Mariachi]] band and served burritos in the lobby of the Senate to draw attention to the issue. Thompson was held up as an example of why the Senate needed to be reformed.

The resulting furor resulted in Thompson being expelled from the Liberal [[caucus]] on [[November 19]], [[1997]]. The Senate first voted to strip him of his privileges and other perks. Later they found Thompson in contempt of the upper chamber for not complying with orders to return to Ottawa to explain his attendance record, resulting in his suspension without salary or allowance. Some Senators disagree with the suspension, arguing that it was too lenient and that he should have been expelled from the chamber instead. Thompson had technically not violated any Senate rules, as he has not yet missed two complete consecutive sittings. He resigned on [[March 23]], [[1998]], 20 months ahead of his scheduled retirement.

==References==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/cgi-bin/cw2w3.cgi?p=therio&t=53031&d=1273|title=Canadian Who's Who entry 1997|accessmonthday=February 19 |accessyear=2006}}
* [http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/1998/02/19/thompson980219e.html Senate votes to suspend Thompson]
* [http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_zolf/20030702.html Larry Zolf on Senate Appointments]

==External links==
*[http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?lang=E&query=391&s=M Political Biography from the Library of Parliament]

{{start box}}

{{succession box|
before=[[John Wintermeyer]]|
title=[[Ontario Liberal Party|Leader of the Liberal Party]]|
years=[[1964]]–[[1967]]|
after=[[Robert Nixon]]|
}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Farquhar Oliver]]|
title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Ontario)|Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature]]|
years=[[1964]]–[[1966]]|
after=[[Robert Nixon]]|
}}
{{end box}}

{{Ontario Liberal Leaders}}

[[Category:1924 births|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Living people|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriates in Mexico|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Canadian senators from Ontario|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Historical Ontario MPPs|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Irish Mexicans|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Ontario|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada senators|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Northern Irish immigrants to Canada|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Ulster-Scottish Canadians|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:People from Belfast|Thompson, Andrew]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs|Thompson, Andrew]]

Andy Thompson (Politiker)

2007-05-27T20:54:47Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 66.0.223.241 (talk) to last version by 90.184.7.170

MacDonnell Road

2007-05-26T07:26:46Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 203.218.87.92 (talk) to last version by Hydrogen Iodide

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}
{{for|former name of Canton Road in Kowlooon|Canton Road}}
[[Image:HK St Paul's Co-Edu Macdonnel Rd.JPG|right|260px]]
'''MacDonnell Road''', ({{zh-t|t=麥當勞道}}, formerly 麥當奴道) is a road on [[Hong Kong Island]], [[Hong Kong]]. Starting from [[Garden Road, Hong Kong|Garden Road]], the road runs westward in the [[Mid-Levels]] and ends in [[Kennedy Road, Hong Kong|Kennedy Road]]. The road is where the [[Office of the Commissioner of The Ministry of Foreign Affair of The People's Republic of China in The Hong Kong Special Administration Region]] is located. The [[Peak Tram]] meets the road near the [[St. Paul's Co-educational College]].

It is named after a former [[Hong Kong Governor]] [[Richard Graves MacDonnell]].

==See also==
* [[List of streets and roads in Hong Kong]]

[[Category:Roads in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Mid-levels]]

{{HK-road-stub}}

[[zh:麥當勞道]]

Die Schildkröte und der Hase (Fabel)

2007-05-24T16:12:23Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 142.23.116.250 (talk) to last version by 24.119.238.94

{{otheruses4|the fable|the algorithm|Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm}}

[[Image:The Tortoise and the Hare - Project Gutenberg etext 19994.jpg|thumb|The Tortoise and the Hare, illustrated by [[Milo Winter]] in a 1919 Aesop anthology]]
[[Image:The Tortoise and the Hare - Project Gutenberg etext 19993.jpg|thumb|The Tortoise and the Hare, illustrated in a 1921 story anthology]]
'''''The Tortoise and the Hare''''' is a [[fable]] attributed to [[Aesop]]. The story concerns a [[hare]] who one day ridiculed a slow-moving [[tortoise]]. In response, the tortoise challenged his swift mocker to a race. The hare soon left the tortoise far behind and, confident of winning, he decided to take a nap midway through the course. When he awoke, however, he found that his competitor, crawling slowly but steadily, had already won the race (although in some versions, he may have also been bragging to some other people). The [[moral]] is stated at the end of the fable as:

:''Slow and steady wins the race.''

==Film Adaptation==
The fable was adapted into a ''[[Silly Symphonies]]'' [[animated]] [[short subject]] of the same name by [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]] in [[1935]] (although [[IMDb]] states it was released in [[1934]], the official book ''[[Disney A to Z]]'' by [[Dave Smith]] states it was released on [[January 5]], [[1935]]). The hare was named [[Max Hare]] (a pun on the name of the boxer [[Max Baer]]) and the tortoise was named [[Toby Tortoise]]. In [[1936]], Max Hare and Toby Tortoise appeared in another ''[[Silly Symphonies]]'' cartoon called ''[[Toby Tortoise Returns]]'', in which Max and Toby are engaged in another match as fighters in a [[boxing]] ring. It also served as the inspiration for three [[Bugs Bunny]] ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' cartoons co-starring [[Cecil Turtle]]. [[Archie Comics]] also turned the character of the tortoise into a [[Sonic the Hedgehog series|Sonic the Hedgehog]] character named [[Tommy Turtle]].

The Tortoise and the Hare also make a cameo among the non-human Fables in the [[Fables (comic)|Fables]] comic book. And an [[The Tortoise and the Hare (film)|animated adaptation]] will be made and completed in [[2008]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

==Allusions to the fable==
In the [[sitcom]] ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'', [[Perry Cox]] retells the fable with Chief of Medicine [[Bob Kelso]] in place of the hare, calling the tale "The Tortoise and the Pain-in-the-ass Chief of Medicine That Everybody Hates". The story remains true to the fable for most of the way, until the end when the tortoise bites the calf of the chief of medicine, who is then devoured by the other tortoises on the track. Cox describes it as "a disturbing children's book... but one that stuck with me, nonetheless".

''[[Jazz Jackrabbit (computer game)|Jazz Jackrabbit]]'' was described by their creators as "Remember the tortoise and hare? They are still fighting, even in the future".

In an episode of ''[[Garfield and Friends]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[U.S. Acres]], Booker and Sheldon decide to make the fable more modern, by turning the characters into intergalactic hero and villain with powerful ships (they considered before turning the tortoise into a ninja, but they realized that [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles|is not original]]).

In mathematics and computer science, the ''"tortoise and the hare" algorithm'' is an alternate name for [[Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm]].

The online webcomic [http://digitalpimponline.com/tvb Turtle vs. Bunny] shows a much more violent take on the classic story with reader participation deciding the outcome.

An episode of the Second series of [[The Backyardigans]] called [[List of Backyardigans episodes#Horsing Around|Horsing Around]] alludes to this fable, although in this case it is a slow-moving donkey and his rider who beat two much faster horses and their riders.

In [[Copley Square]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], the site of the [[Boston Marathon]], a statue has been placed of the characters from the story.

==See also==
{{wikisource (specified)|The Hare and the Tortoise (Aesop)}}
*[[Aesop's Fables]] 

==External links==
*[http://knowgramming.com/free_stuff/downloads/mp3_and_mpeg_files/music_and_movies.htm Film: The Hare and the Tortoise (bottom of list)]
*[http://www.StuartGustafson.com/book_PFL_21C.html The Tortoise and the Hare used in modern collection of stories/parables]
*[http://www.louisianavoices.org/unit5/edu_ss38_turtle_rabbit_bel.html An alternate version of The Tortoise and the Hare fable]
*[http://www.jmucci.com/plays/Tortoise/ATAH.htm "Another Tortoise, Another Hare," musical play by John Mucci and Richard Felnagle]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tortoise and the Hare, The}}
[[Category:Aesop's Fables]]
[[Category:1934 films]]
[[Category:Disney animated shorts, 1930s]]
[[Category:Best Short Film Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Fictional hares and rabbits]]
[[Category:Fictional tortoises]]
[[Category:Black and white films]]

[[fr:Le Lièvre et la Tortue]]
[[he:הצב והארנב]]
[[ja:ウサギとカメ]]
[[ko:토끼와 거북이]]
[[nl:De haas en de schildpad]]
[[pt:A Lebre e a Tartaruga]]
[[zh:龜兔賽跑]]

Pikes Peak Goldrausch

2007-05-18T16:36:39Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 24.123.90.76 (talk) to last version by -Kerplunk-

[[Image:Pikes_Peak_miners.jpg|250px|thumb|Miners at [[Pikes Peak]]]]
The '''Pike's Peak Gold Rush''' (later known as the '''Colorado Gold Rush''') was the boom in [[gold]] prospecting and mining in the [[Pike's Peak Country]] of northwestern [[Kansas Territory]] and southwestern [[Nebraska Territory]] of the [[United States]] that began in [[July]] [[1858]] and lasted until roughly the creation of the [[Colorado Territory]] on [[February 28]], [[1861]]. An estimated 100,000 gold seekers took part in the greatest [[gold rush]] in [[North America]]n history.<ref name=ArapahoCamp>{{cite web | year = [[December 19]] [[2006]] | url = http://www.denvergov.org/AboutDenver/history_narrative_1.asp | title = Denver History - The Arapaho Camp | format = [[Active Server Pages|ASP]]/[[HTML]] | work = Mile High City | author = Noel, Thomas J. | publisher = City and County of Denver | accessdate = December 19 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> The participants in the gold rush were known as [[Fifty-Niner]]s after [[1859]], the peak year of the rush.

==Overview==
The Pike's Peak Gold Rush, which followed the [[California Gold Rush]] by approximately one decade, produced a dramatic but temporary influx of [[immigrant]]s into the [[Pike's Peak Country]] of the [[Rocky Mountains|Southern Rocky Mountains]]. The rush was exemplified by the slogan "[[Pike's Peak or Bust]]", a reference to the prominent mountain at the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains that guided many early prospectors to the region westward over the [[Great Plains]]. The [[Prospecting|prospector]]s provided the first major [[White American|European-American]] population in the region. The rush created a few mining camps such as [[Denver, Colorado|Denver City]] and [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder City]] that would develop into cities. Many smaller camps such as [[Auraria, Colorado|Auraria]] and [[Denver, Colorado#History|Saint Charles City]] were absorbed by larger camps and towns. Scores of other mining camps have faded into [[ghost town]]s, but a few camps such as [[Central City, Colorado|Central City]], [[Black Hawk, Colorado|Black Hawk]], and [[Idaho Springs, Colorado|Idaho Springs]] survive.

==Discovery==
For millennia, [[Native_Americans_in_the_United_States|Native Americans]] observed the wide variety of minerals in and around the [[Rocky Mountains]]. The people of the [[Chaco Culture National Historical Park|Chaco Culture]] mined [[turquoise]] at [[Los Cerrillos, New Mexico|Los Cerrillos]] in [[New Mexico]] and traded the beautiful gem with the great civilizations of [[Mexico#History|México]], [[Yucatán#History|Yucatán]], and [[Guatemala#History|Guatemala]].<ref name=CerrillosTurquoise>{{cite web | year = [[November 15]] [[1995]] | url = http://www.cerrilloshills.org/mines/turq03.htm | title = Turquoise Mining History; The Cerrillos Mining District - 03: Milford | format = [[HTML]] | work = The History of Turquoise in the Cerrillos Hills, New Mexico | publisher = New Mexico Abandoned Mine Land Bureau | accessdate = December 20 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> Native Americans considered gold, silver, and other metals to be far less valuable and mining for metals did not begin north of México until [[England|English]] [[colony|colonists]] began mining [[iron ore]] in [[1619]].<ref name=CastingTimeline>{{cite web | year = [[2006]] | url = http://www.afsbirmingham.org/timeline.html | title = Timeline of Casting Technology | format = [[HTML]] | publisher = Birmingham District of the American Foundry Society | accessdate = December 20 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref>

In [[1849]] and [[1850]], several parties of gold seekers bound for the [[California Gold Rush]] [[placer mining|panned]] small amounts of gold from various streams in the [[South Platte River|South Platte River Valley]] at the foot of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. The Rocky Mountain gold failed to impress or delay men with visions of unlimited wealth in California, and the discoveries were not reported for several years.<ref name=PikesPeakGold>{{cite web | year = [[2006]] | url = http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Falls/2000/index.html | title = The Pike's Peak Gold Rush | format = [[HTML]] | work = The Pike's Peak Gold Rush | author = Gehling, Richard | publisher = Richard Gehling | accessdate = December 19 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref>

As the hysteria of the California Gold Rush faded, many discouraged gold seekers returned home. Rumors of gold in the Rocky Mountains persisted and several small parties explored the region. In the summer of [[1857]], a party of [[Spanish language|Spanish-speaking]] gold seekers from [[New Mexico]] worked a [[placer mining|placer deposit]] along the South Platte River about 5 miles (8 kilometers) above [[Cherry Creek (Colorado)|Cherry Creek]] in what is today [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]].<ref name=ArapahoCamp/>

[[William Greeneberry Russell|William Greeneberry "Green" Russell]] was a [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgian]] who worked in the California gold fields in the 1850s. Russell was married to a [[Cherokee]] woman, and through his connections to the tribe, he heard about a [[1849]] discovery of gold along the South Platte River. Green Russel organized a party to prospect along the South Platte River, setting off with his two brothers and six companions in [[February]] [[1858]]. They rendezvoused with Cherokee tribe members along the [[Arkansas River]] in present-day [[Oklahoma]] and continued westward along the [[Santa Fe Trail]]. Others joined the party along the way until their number reached 107.<ref name=PikesPeakGold/>

Upon reaching [[Bent's Fort]], they turned to the northwest, reaching the confluence of [[Cherry Creek (Colorado)|Cherry Creek]] and the South Platte on on [[May 23]]. The site of their initial explorations is in present-day Confluence Park in Denver. They began prospecting in the river beds, exploring Cherry Creek and nearby [[Ralston Creek (Colorado)|Ralston Creek]] but without success. In the first week of [[July]] [[1858]], Green Russell and Sam Bates found a small placer deposit near the mouth of [[Little Dry Creek (Colorado)|Little Dry Creek]] that yielded about 20 troy ounces (622 grams) of gold, the first significant gold discovery in the Rocky Mountain region. The site of the discovery is in the present-day Denver suburb of [[Englewood, Colorado|Englewood]], just north of the junction of [[U.S. Highway 285]] and [[U.S. Highway 85]].<ref name=PikesPeakGold/>

==Gold rush==
When word got back east, the Pike's Peak Gold Rush was on. By 1859, large numbers of prospective miners and settlers had come up the [[South Platte River]] to the [[Denver, Colorado#History|Cherry Creek Diggings]] (Denver). At first, there was only the slight showing in Cherry Creek and the South Platte River, but soon [[Underground mining (hard rock)|hard rock]] deposits of gold were discovered at Idaho Springs and Central City. By 1860, Central City had a population of 60,000 people, and Denver City, [[Golden, Colorado|Golden City]], and Boulder City were substantial towns serving the mines.

The first decade of the boom was largely concentrated along the South Platte River at the base of the mountains, the canyon of [[Clear Creek (Colorado)|Clear Creek]] in the mountains west of Golden City, and [[South Park (Colorado basin)|South Park]]. As prospectors flooded the region in search of quick riches, the rapid population growth led to the creation of the [[Colorado Territory]] in 1861 and to the [[U.S. state]] of Colorado in 1876. The easy-to-reach gold deposits were largely played out by 1863 until another major strike was made in 1891 in the [[Cripple Creek, Colorado|Cripple Creek]] area. Cripple Creek became a powerful center of union activity organized by the [[Western Federation of Miners]] primarily as a result of the [[Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894|successful strike of 1894]]. A subsequent strike of mill workers in 1903 led to the [[Colorado Labor Wars]].

Hard rock mining followed exhaustion of the easy-to-reach surface deposits in all those areas, and the region continues to produce gold [[ore]] and many other minerals, although gold has been a minor mining effort for decades. The [[railway|railroad]] lines built to haul gold from the mountains were a major part in creating the economic base of the region in the following decades, especially as Colorado experienced a companion mining boom in [[1879]] with the [[Colorado Silver Boom]].

==References==
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>
 
{{Colorado}}
[[Category:Gold rushes]]
[[Category:History of Colorado]]
[[Category:Colorado Mining Boom]]
[[Category:Economic history of the United States]]
[[Category:Mining in the United States]]

Mountlake Terrace

2007-05-16T16:04:30Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv Lynnwoodhs (talk) to last version by TXiKiBoT

'''Mountlake Terrace''' is a city in [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish County]], [[Washington]], [[United States]]. The population was 20,362 at the 2000 census.

==History==
Mountlake Terrace was officially incorporated on [[November 30]], [[1954]].

Previously known as "Alderwood Manor", this area was first settled at the turn of the century when the logging industries flourished.

Subsequently the land was platted into "ranches" for the growing of mink, chinchillas, and poultry. The residential community of Mountlake Terrace began with the speculative construction of homes for returning WWII veterans and their young families. Within ten years the population had grown to 5,000 and a group of civic minded residents took steps to create a municipal government. The citizens enthusiastically set to work building a City Hall with a full range of services for its growing population.

==Geography==
[[Image:WAMap-doton-Mountlake_Terrace.png|right|Location of Mountlake Terrace, Washington.]]Mountlake Terrace is located at {{coor dms|47|47|27|N|122|18|24|W|city}} (47.790969, -122.306636){{GR|1}}. The city's elevation above sea level ranges between 262 and 530 feet, with an average altitude of 440 feet.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 10.7 [[km²]] (4.2 [[square mile|mi²]]). 10.5 km² (4.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.65 % water.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 20,362 people, 7,962 households, and 5,016 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,946.0/km² (5,036.7/mi²). There were 8,217 housing units at an average density of 785.3/km² (2,032.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.7 % white, 2.52 % black, 1.08 % [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 10.64 % [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.58 % [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.61 % from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.87 % from two or more races. 5.65 % of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 7,962 households out of which 32.8 % have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2 % were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.8 % had a female householder with no husband present, and 37 % were non-families. 26.2 % of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4 % had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.3 % under the age of 18, 9.8 % from 18 to 24, 35.6 % from 25 to 44, 20.2 % from 45 to 64, and 9.2 % who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 98 males; for every 100 female age 18 and over, there are 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,238, and the median income for a family was $52,117. Males had a median income of $37,421 versus $28,796 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $21,566. Eight percent of the population and 5.8 % of families were below the [[poverty line]]. 11.3 % of those under the age of 18 and 7.6 % of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
==See also==
*[[Mountlake Terrace High School]]

==External links==
*[http://www.ci.mountlake-terrace.wa.us/ City of Mountlake Terrace]

{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|47.790969|-122.306636}}

{{Washington}}

[[Category:Cities in the Seattle metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington]]
[[Category:Snohomish County, Washington]]

[[lmo:Mountlake Terrace, Washington]]

Benutzer:Bjs/Baustelle/Süße Limette

2007-05-16T04:25:54Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 67.166.89.197 (talk) to last version by Numbo3

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Citrus limetta''
| image = Citrus limetta.jpeg
| image_width = 150px
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Rosidae]]
| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| familia = [[Rutaceae]]
| genus = [[Citrus]]
| species = '''''C. limetta'''''
| binomial = ''Citrus limetta''
| binomial_authority = Risso
}}

'''''Citrus limetta''''' is a species of [[citrus]]. Common names for varieties of this species include '''sweet limetta''', '''Mediterranean sweet lemon''', '''sweet lemon''', and '''sweet lime'''. In [[India]], it is commonly called '''mousambi''', '''mosambi''', or '''musambi'''.[http://www.sailusfood.com/categories/beverages_indian_drinks_sharbats/page/2/]

== Appearance ==
It is a small tree which may reach 8 m in height. The sweet lemon has irregular branches, and brownish gray, relatively smooth bark. It possesses numerous thorns which may become 1.5-7.5 cm long. The [[petioles]] of the sweet lemon are narrowly but distinctly [[winged]], and are 8-29 mm long. It has [[leaflet | leaflets]] rather than leaves, which are [[obovate]] and 5.5-17 cm long, 2.8-8 cm wide. The [[apex]] of the leaflet is [[leaf shape|acuminate]], and the base of the leaflet is rounded. Flowers are white in bud and in bloom and are 2-3 cm wide. The petals soon fall away, leaving the fruit to grow. The skin of the fruit is light yellow at maturity; the [[rind]] is white and about 5 mm thick. The [[pulp]] is greenish and the juice is sweet rather than acid. <ref>http://www.hear.org/pier/species/citrus_limetta.htm</ref>

== Range ==
It is native to [[Eurasia]] and [[North Africa]] and is cultivated in the [[Mediterranean]] region. <ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Citrus%20limetta</ref> It has been introduced to other regions of the world by humans. It is [[plant propagation|propagated]] by seed.

== Uses ==
The fruit of the sweet lemon is edible, and contains [[essential oils]]. The tree is used for [[ornamental]] purposes or for [[grafting|graft stock]].<ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Citrus%20limetta</ref>

[[Category:Citrus]] [[Category:Sapindales]]

[[eo:Limedujo]]

Andersonville (Georgia)

2007-05-11T01:17:53Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 72.225.59.197 (talk) to last version by 72.225.60.30

[[Image:GAMap-doton-Andersonville.PNG|right|Location of Andersonville, Georgia]]

'''Andersonville''' is a city in [[Sumter County, Georgia|Sumter County]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[United States]]. The population was 331 at the 2000 census.(174 in [[1910]]). It is in the southwest part of the state, about 60 miles southwest of [[Macon, Georgia]] on the [[Central of Georgia]] [[railroad]]. During the [[American Civil War]], it was the site of a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] which is now [[Andersonville National Historic Site]].

==Geography==
Andersonville is located at {{coor dms|32|11|49|N|84|8|30|W|city}} (32.197008, -84.141701){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 3.4 [[square kilometre|km²]] (1.3 [[square mile|mi²]]), all land.

== History ==
Andersonville, originally named Anderson, Georgia, was given the name Andersonville by the United States Postal Service to prevent confusion with another city, also named Anderson. Andersonville is infamous as an [[American Civil War]] [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Prisoner-of-war camp|POW camp]], [[Camp Sumter]]. The town, though very sparsely populated, was in existence before the establishment of the prison camp at the site. A small base known as Civil War village was established for visitors and Confederate soldiers. This former stockade has since become a small town. After the civil war the Andersonvillle POW camp evolved into a small town with its own hotel, post office and restaurant. Later the [[Andersonville National Historic Site]] was established as a memorial to the POWs who died at the camp. There is also a small museum to display how the town was founded and the involvement with the site of the Andersonville POW camp.
'''

Ramsey was Here :]'''

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 331 people, 124 households, and 86 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 98.3/km² (254.1/mi²). There were 142 housing units at an average density of 42.2/km² (109.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 65.26% White and 34.74% [[African American]]. 1.21% of the population were [[Hispanic American|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]]

There were 124 households out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 105.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,107, and the median income for a family was $30,972. Males had a median income of $26,591 versus $20,000 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,168. About 19.8% of families and 23.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.3% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

Ramsey Was Here :]

==External links==
*[http://www.andersonvillegeorgia.com/ Official website of Andersonville, Georgia]
* [http://www.americusgeorgia.net/ AmericusGeorgia.net - Area info... by and for Andersonville Locals]
*[http://andersonvillega.freeservers.com/ Official website of Andersonville]
{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|32.197008|-84.141701}}

[[Category:Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Sumter County, Georgia]]

[[io:Andersonville, Georgia]]
[[lmo:Andersonville, Georgia]]

Quincy (Washington)

2007-05-06T04:20:07Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 64.139.101.196 (talk) to last version by Yamamoto Ichiro

'''Quincy''' is a city in [[Grant County, Washington|Grant County]], [[Washington]], [[United States]]. The population was 5,044 at the 2000 census.

==History==
Quincy was a founded as a railroad camp in 1892 and officially incorporated on [[March 27]], [[1907]].

==Geography==
[[Image:WAMap-doton-Quincy.png|right|Location of Quincy, Washington]]Quincy is located at {{coor dms|47|14|1|N|119|51|8|W|city}} (47.233691, -119.852296){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 5.8 [[km²]] (2.2 [[square mile|mi²]]), all land.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 5,044 people, 1,470 households, and 1,176 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 869.4/km² (2,252.8/mi²). There were 1,552 housing units at an average density of 267.5/km² (693.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 63.96% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.24% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.33% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.52% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 31.07% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.84% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 64.71% of the population.

There were 1,470 households out of which 50.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.38 and the average family size was 3.79.

In the city the population was spread out with 36.0% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,181, and the median income for a family was $31,847. Males had a median income of $27,813 versus $18,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $12,649. About 18.4% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

57% of the population speaks [[Spanish (language)|Spanish]] as their primary language

==Activities==

Quincy has several parks including an [[aqua park]] with a [[waterslide]] of 3 water fed half tubes. The pools are heated, and include such things as a waterfall mushroom for the kids, and a 0 foot end for the younger children. The park is also home to a large field complete with a baseball diamond, playground, picnic area, and small skate-park.

Every 2nd Saturday in September is the annual celebration known as Farmer-Consumer Awareness Day. For a month beforehand, the roads leading into the town are decorated with several signs showing what local crops are used to make. On the day of the celebration, some schools will create large floats for the parade that marches throughout the town. People gather to see the large farming equipment go by, and cheer on the floats created by students. Free agricultural and geology tours are offered, as well as a produce sale, tractor pull, Farm-to-Market fun run, booths of all kinds, live entertainment and more.

Quincy is celebrating its Centennial in 2007. The mayor has appointed a Centennial Committee which has been in place and planning centennial activities since early 2006. There are special events and activities planned throughout the year. On March 30, 2007 the committee is throwing a 100th birthday party for the city. It will be held at the Grant County Fire District No. 3 firehall and will be open to everyone, without charge. State and local dignitaries, local entertainment and a 100 square foot birthday cake will be featured. On August 4, 2007 there will be a "Taste of Quincy" multi-cultural celebration in the downtown area. Beginning May 11, 2007 there will be free weekly bus tours, the first of which is a blossom tour. Other bus tours include winery tours, geology tours and various agricultural tours. Each tour begins at the Reiman-Simmons House museum at 2:00 every Friday and will end no later than 5:00 pm. Information on these events and the many other Quincy Centennial can be obtained from the Quincy Valley Chamber of Commerce.

== A role in the high-tech economy ==
In July 2006, it was reported that high tech giants such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft were building facilities for hosting computer [[server farm]]s because of the cheaper [[electricity]] from the [[Columbia River]]. The local utility district offered the companies electricity at under 3 cents per [[kilowatt-hour]], about half the national average. Current construction by Microsoft of a 1.5 million [[square foot]] facility will hold 150,000 computers, with an expected rise with further construction to 800,000.

==External links==
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/08/AR2006070800973.html Tech Firms Go Mining for Megawatts], Washington Post, July 9, 2006
*[http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_24/b3988087.htm Servers As High As An Elephant's Eye], [[BusinessWeek]], June 12, 2006
*[http://ncwportal.com/grant/cities/quincy Information and Photos of Quincy]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|47.233691|-119.852296}}

[[Category:Grant County, Washington]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington]]
{{Grant County, Washington}}

Allerheiligstes (HLT-Kirche)

2007-04-29T23:05:46Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv Purgatory Fubar (talk) to last version by Sesmith

[[Image:SaltLakeTemple.jpeg|thumb|175px|right|The Salt Lake Temple contains a Holy of Holies.]]

The [[Salt Lake Temple]] of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] contains a '''Holy of Holies''' wherein the Church's [[President of the Church (Mormonism)|President]]—acting as the Presiding High Priest—enters to fulfill the relationship between the High Priest of Israel and [[God the Father|God]], in accordance with the LDS interpretation of the [[Book of Exodus]] ({{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Exodus|chapter=25|verse=22}}).<ref>Buerger, David John. [http://www.signaturebooks.com/excerpts/mystery.htm The Mysteries of Godliness]. [[Signature Books]] (November 2002). Last accessed [[2006-11-16]] (excerpts only online). </ref> Hence, this [[Holy of Holies]] is considered a modern cognate to the inner sanctuary of the [[Tabernacle]] and [[Temple in Jerusalem]].

==Other Locations==

Of the 124 [[Temple (Mormonism)|temples]] operated by the LDS Church today, only the [[Salt Lake Temple]] has a [[Holy of Holies]]; previous to the completion of the [[Salt Lake Temple]] in [[1893]], the [[Manti Utah Temple|Manti Temple]] housed a Holy of Holies for the use of the President of the Church. While the room itself still exists in the [[Manti Utah Temple|Manti Temple]], it is now used as a [[Celestial marriage|sealing room]] for marriages.

==Teachings by LDS Church Leaders==

In his book ''The Holy Temple'', [[Boyd K. Packer]], [[Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles]], states that “hidden away in the central part of the temple is the Holy of Holies, where the President of the Church may retire when burdened down with heavy decisions to seek an interview with Him whose Church it is. The prophet holds the keys, the spiritual keys and the very literal key to this one door in that sacred edifice” (4).

Writing at the request of the Church's [[First Presidency]], Elder [[James E. Talmage]] stated that "this room is reserved for the higher ordinances in the Priesthood relating to the exaltation of both living and dead" (''The House of the Lord'' 192-194).

[[Joseph Smith, Jr.]], the founder of the [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]], stated that "no one can truly say he knows God until he has handled something, and this can only be done in the Holiest of Holies" (''Personal Writings of Joseph Smith'', 1 May 1842, 119-20).

=="Most Holy Place"==

Although not a general rule, in certain contexts the term “Holy of Holies” may be synonymous with “[[Most Holy Place]].” The construction "Holy of Holies" is a literal translation of a Hebrew idiom, referring to the inner sanctuary of the [[Tabernacle (Judaism)|Tabernacle]] or [[Temple in Jerusalem]]. In the [[King James Version of the Bible]], this sanctuary is always referred to as the "Most Holy Place," which also appears to hold true in the [[LDS]] book of scripture known as the [[Doctrine & Covenants]].

==Scriptural Foundation==

*The Oracles of the Church are Received in the [[Holy of Holies]] or "Most Holy Place":

:'''Doctrine & Covenants 124:39'''

:Therefore, verily I say unto you, that your anointings, and your washings, and your baptisms for the dead, and your solemn assemblies, and your memorials for your sacrifices by the sons of Levi, and '''for your oracles in your most holy places''' wherein you receive conversations, and your statutes and judgments, for the beginning of the revelations and foundation of Zion, and for the glory, honor, and endowment of all her municipals, are ordained by the ordinance of my holy house, which my people are always commanded to build unto my holy name.[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/124]

*The First Presidency Receives the Oracles for the Church:

:'''Doctrine & Covenants 124:126'''

:I give unto [Joseph Smith] for counselors my servant Sidney Rigdon and my servant William Law, that these may constitute a quorum and First Presidency, to '''receive the oracles for the whole church'''.[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/124]

*Biblical Reference to the Holy of Holies and the Oracle:

:'''1 Kings 6:16'''

:''Speaking of Solomon’s Temple''--
:And he built twenty cubits on the sides of the house, both the floor and the walls with boards of cedar: he even built them for it within, '''even for the oracle, even for the most holy place'''.

== References ==

<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

 

== See also ==
* [[Adam-ondi-Ahman]]
* [[Holy of Holies]]
* [[Kadosh Kadoshim]]
* [[Most Holy Place]]
* [[Sanctum sanctorum]]
* [[Sacred Grove]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/4909/slc1.html Pictures of the interior of the Salt Lake Temple, including the Holy of Holies; originally appeared in Talmage's ''The House of the Lord'']
*[http://lds.org/temples/home/0,11273,1896-1,00.html Official LDS Church site on Temples]

[[Category:Mormon temples]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint doctrines, beliefs, and practices]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint ordinances, rituals, and symbolism]]

Joe Hahn

2007-04-26T16:26:30Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 64.119.60.98 (talk) to last version by 121.44.239.251

{{Unreferenced|date=January 2007}}
'''Joe Hahn''', a.k.a. '''Mr. Hahn''' (born Joseph Hahn, [[15 March]] [[1977]]), is the [[Disc jockey|DJ]] for the [[United States|American]] [[nu-metal]]/[[rapcore]] [[band (music)|band]] [[Linkin Park]].

Born in [[Dallas, Texas]], Hahn is a second-generation [[Korean American]]. He was raised in [[Glendale, California]]. He attended [[Herbert Hoover High School (Glendale)|Hoover High School]]. After graduation, he took interest in [[visual arts]] and attended the [[Art Center College of Design]] in [[Pasadena, California]] with soon to be fellow Linkin Park bandmate, [[Mike Shinoda]]. His intended field of study was [[illustration]] but he decided to drop out to pursue a career overseeing [[special effects]] in [[film]] and [[television shows]] such as ''[[The X-Files]]'', ''[[Sphere (movie)|Sphere]]'' and ''[[Dune (TV miniseries)|Dune]]''.

He joined Linkin Park (then called [[Xero (rock band)|Xero]]) in 1996 as the band's DJ. Since then, he has directed [[music video]]s for most [[single (music)|singles]] of his band (including [[What I've Done]]), with the exceptions of "[[One Step Closer (Linkin Park song)|One Step Closer]]", "[[Crawling (song)|Crawling]]" and "[[Faint (song)|Faint]]". He has also directed videos for [[Static-X]], [[Story of the Year]], [[Xzibit]], [[X-ecutioners]] and [[Alkaline Trio]].

Hahn is known for his sarcastic and dry sense of humor during interviews. He often jokes that he has an alter-ego named Remy, who "can be heard" at the beginning of song "Cure for the Itch".

In [[2005]] to [[2006]], while bandmates [[Chester Bennington]] and [[Mike Shinoda]] were busy with [[side project]]s, Hahn was busy doing his own side projects. Recently, he shot a mini-film called ''The Seed'' in [[Los Angeles, California]] and has premiered it at the [[Pusan International Film Festival]]. Hahn also appeared with a minor role in a short film by Filip Engström called ''Little Pony''.

In 2005, Hahn opened a retail concept store and brand [[Suru (store)|Suru]], located on the infamous [[Melrose Avenue]] in Los Angeles.

Hahn was also featured on the [[Fort Minor]] songs "Slip Out the Back" and "Move On" (a [[Fort Minor Militia]] exclusive), tracks produced his Linkin Park bandmate Shinoda. In both tracks, Hahn does some scratching in the outro.

{{Linkin Park}}

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[[he:ג'ו האן]]
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[[vi:Joe Hahn]]

Donegal Castle

2007-04-25T16:01:51Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 142.227.74.195 (talk) to last version by 169.204.239.98

[[Image:Donegalcastle.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|Donegal Castle showing keep, on right, and Jacobean wing]]

'''Donegal Castle''' ({{lang-ga|Caisleán Dhún na nGall}}) or '''O’Donnell’s Castle''' ({{lang|ga|''Caisleán Uí Domhnaill''}}) is a [[castle]] situated in the centre of [[Donegal|Donegal town]], [[County Donegal]] in the northwest of the [[Republic of Ireland]]. For most of the last two centuries, the majority of the buildings were in ruins but the castle was almost fully restored in the late 1990s.

The castle consists of a [[15th century]], rectangular [[keep]] with a later built, [[Jacobean style]] wing. The complex is sited on a bend in the [[Eske River]], near the mouth of [[Donegal bay]], and is surrounded by a 17th boundary wall. There is a small gatehouse at its entrance mirroring the design of the keep. Most of the stone work was constructed from locally sourced [[limestone]] with some [[sandstone]]. The castle was the stronghold of the [[O'Donnell]] clan, Lords of [[Tír Conaill]] and one of the most powerful Gaelic families in Ireland from the 5th to 16th centuries.

==History==
[[Image:O'Donnell_Coat_of_Arms_(1).jpg|thumb|Coat of Arms of the O'Donnell Clan]]

Donegal, or in Irish Dún na nGall translates as ''Fort of the Foreigner'' possibly coming from a [[Viking]] fortress destroyed in [[1159]] in the area. However, due hundreds of years of development, no archaeological evidence of this early fortress exists. The castle was built in 1474 by the elder Sir Hugh O'Donnell, wealthy chief of the O'Donnell clan at the time. At the same time, he and his wife Nuala, built a [[Franciscan]] [[Abbey]] further down the river. A local [[legend]] tells of a tunnel connecting the two but no evidence for this has been found. The castle was regarded as one of the finest [[Gaels |Gaelic]] castles in Ireland. This was indicated by a report by a visiting [[England|English]] deputy Henry Sydney in [[1566]]:

:''"it is the greatest I ever saw in an Irishman's hands: and would appear to be in good keeping; one of the fairest situated in good soil and so nigh a portable water a boat of ten tonnes could come within ten yards of it"''

After the disastrous [[Nine Years War (Ireland)|Nine Years war]] the leaders of the O'Donnell clan left Ireland in the [[Flight of the Earls]]. In [[1611]] the castle and its lands were granted to an English Captain, Basil Brooke. The keep had been severely damaged by the leaving O'Donnells to prevent the castle being used against the Gaelic clans but was quickly restored by its new owners. Brooke also added windows, a gable and a large manor-house wing to the keep, all in the [[Jacobean style]]. The castle was owned by the Brooke family for many generations until it fell into a ruinous state in the 18th century. In [[1898]] the then owner, the [[Earl of Arran]], donated the castle to the [[Office of Public Works]].

==Restoration==
[[Image:donnegalcastle1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<center>Donegal Castle - approx. 1900 Library of Congress collection</center>]]

Recently the castle has been renovated by the [[Office of Public Works]]. The keep has had new roofing and flooring added, all built in keeping with the original styles and techniques used in the 15th and 17th centuries. The stone work has been restored and the manor wing has been partially roofed. The oak timbers used came from the [[Brookeborough]] Estate in [[County Fermanagh]]. The castle is now open to the public and often hosts events like Gaelic cultural evenings.

==External links==
[http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/HistoricSites/North/DonegalCastleDonegal/ Donegal Castle]
{{Historic Irish houses}}

[[Category:Castles in Donegal]]

[[it:Castello di Donegal]]

The Kid & I

2007-04-18T16:56:53Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv Timmyxcore (talk) to last version by GHcool

{{Infobox_Film |
name = The Kid & I |
image = The Kid & I film.jpg|
caption = ''The Kid & I'' film poster |
writer = [[Tom Arnold (actor)|Tom Arnold]] |
starring = Tom Arnold, [[Shannon Elizabeth]], [[Linda Hamilton]] |
director = [[Penelope Spheeris]] |
producer = Tom Arnold, [[Brad Wyman]], [[Penelope Spheeris]] |
distributor = Slow Hand Releasing |
released = [[December 2]], [[2005]] |
runtime = 93 minutes |
language = English |
budget = ~ US$5,000,000 |
imdb_id = 0416891 |
}}

'''The Kid & I''' is a [[2005 in film|2005]] [[comedy film|comedy]] [[film]] with [[Tom Arnold (actor)|Tom Arnold]] and [[Eric Gores]].

==Plot==
Bill Williams is about to commit [[suicide]] because his career is ruined. Then a billionaire (played by [[Joe Mantegna]]) hires Williams to write and co-star in a movie exactly like ''True Lies'' so that his son, Aaron Roman, whose favorite film is ''True Lies'', can live out his dream of being an actor and star of an action movie.

==Characters==
{{spoiler}}

The main characters are:
* Bill Williams ([[Tom Arnold (actor)|Tom Arnold]]) - An out of work actor who had a supporting role in ''[[True Lies]]''.
* Aaron Roman ([[Eric Gores]]) - a teenager with [[cerebral palsy]] that wants to star in a film with Williams.
* Guy Prince ([[Richard Edson]]) - Williams's personal assistant.

==Production==
Gores is the son of [[Alec Gores]], a [[billionaire]] technology investor and founder of the [[Gores Technology Group]], best known for its acquisition and resale of [[Brøderbund]]. The younger Gores has [[cerebral palsy]] and his father hired Arnold, a neighbor in [[Los Angeles]], to make a sequel to Eric's favorite film, ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994), in which Arnold co-starred. The plot of ''The Kid & I'' closely parallels the actual situation. [http://www.nydailynews.com/news/gossip/story/276567p-236899c.html]

The profits for this movie are going to United Cerebral Palsy, a lobby group for disabled peoples in Washington, DC.

{{wikinews|Jamie Lee Curtis quits acting}}
In October 2006, actress [[Jamie Lee Curtis]] announced she was quitting acting; this effectively makes ''The Kid & I'' her last feature film appearance.

== External links ==
* {{imdb title|id=0416891|title=The Kid & I}}
* [http://www.kidandi.com/ Official site]
* [http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117929018?categoryid=31&cs=1&s=h&p=0 Variety.com's review]
{{CinemaoftheUS}}

{{2000s-comedy-film-stub|Kid and I, The}}

[[Category:2005 films|Kid and I, The]]
[[Category:Action films|Kid and I, The]]
[[Category:Comedy films|Kid and I, The]]
[[Category:Films directed by Penelope Spheeris|Kid and I, The]]

District Nurse

2007-04-17T18:07:44Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 63.193.91.60 (talk) to last version by Panthro

'''District nurses''' are senior [[nurse]]s who manage care within the community leading teams of community nurses at staff nurse level. Typically much of their work involves visiting house-bound patients to help manage chronic wound or [[stoma]] dressings, monitor diabetics and sometimes to aid patients in remembering to take routine medication. They are trained to assess patient's needs for [[disability]] [[appliance]] provision (rails, ramps) as well as application for grants and [[Welfare (financial aid)|welfare benefit]]s. A majority of their work involves follow-up care for recently discharged hospital inpatients as well as working collaboratively with general practitioners in preventing unnecessary or avoidable hospital admissions.

==Scope of practice==
District nurses provide nursing care that allows people to remain in their own homes, maintain their independence, or have additional support after surgery. A district nurse will manage a team of nurses that may change dressings, give eye drops, provide catheter care and administer complex medication within a patients home as well as immunisations. As well as treatment a district nurse would offer advice and support with health concerns.

In England they are employed by community [[NHS Trust|Primary Care Trusts]] on behalf of the [[NHS]], whereas in Scotland they are employed by the health board and may be based at centralised [[health centre]]s or [[general practice]]s. Qualified district nurses are regulated by the [[Nursing and Midwifery Council]].

==Training==
In the UK, training as a district nurse requires registration as a nurse in the adult branch, with at least five years post-qualifying experience of professional practice, who then take a (shortened) degree or postgraduate diploma. Courses are one year full-time or two years part-time.

== External links ==
*[http://www.learndirect-advice.co.uk/helpwithyourcareer/jobprofiles/profiles/profile324/ District Nursing] at LearnDirect Website

{{NHS-stub}}
{{nursing-stub}}

[[Category:National Health Service]]
[[Category:Nursing specialties]]

Die Schildkröte und der Hase (Fabel)

2007-04-17T13:46:18Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 216.124.153.98 (talk) to last version by Hyad

{{otheruses4|the fable|the algorithm|Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm}}

[[Image:The Tortoise and the Hare - Project Gutenberg etext 19994.jpg|thumb|The Tortoise and the Hare, illustrated by [[Milo Winter]] in a 1919 Aesop anthology]]
[[Image:The Tortoise and the Hare - Project Gutenberg etext 19993.jpg|thumb|The Tortoise and the Hare, illustrated in a 1921 story anthology]]
'''''The Tortoise and the Hare''''' is a [[fable]] attributed to [[Aesop]]. The story concerns a [[hare]] who one day ridiculed a slow-moving [[tortoise]]. In response, the tortoise challenged his swift mocker to a race. The hare soon left the tortoise far behind and, confident of winning, he decided to take a nap midway through the course. When he awoke, however, he found that his competitor, crawling slowly but steadily, had already won the race (although in some versions, he may have also been bragging to some other people). The [[moral]] is stated at the end of the fable as:

:''Slow and steady wins the race.''

==Film Adaptation==
The fable was adapted into a ''[[Silly Symphonies]]'' [[animated]] [[short subject]] of the same name by [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]] in [[1935]] (although [[IMDb]] states it was released in [[1934]], the official book ''[[Disney A to Z]]'' by [[Dave Smith]] states it was released on [[January 5]], [[1935]]). The hare was named [[Max Hare]] (a pun on the name of the boxer [[Max Baer]]) and the tortoise was named [[Toby Tortoise]]. In [[1936]], Max Hare and Toby Tortoise appeared in another ''[[Silly Symphonies]]'' cartoon called ''[[Toby Tortoise Returns]]'', in which Max and Toby are engaged in another match as fighters in a [[boxing]] ring. It also served as the inspiration for three [[Bugs Bunny]] ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' cartoons co-starring [[Cecil Turtle]]. [[Archie Comics]] also turned the character of the tortoise into a [[Sonic the Hedgehog series|Sonic the Hedgehog]] character named [[Tommy Turtle]].

The Tortoise and the Hare also make a cameo among the non-human Fables in the [[Fables (comic)|Fables]] comic book. And an [[The Tortoise and the Hare (film)|animated adaptation]] will be made and completed in [[2008]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

==Allusions to the fable==

In the [[sitcom]] ''[[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]'', [[Perry Cox]] retells the fable with Chief of Medicine [[Bob Kelso]] in place of the hare, calling the tale "The Tortoise and the Pain-in-the-ass Chief of Medicine That Everybody Hates". The story remains true to the fable for most of the way, until the end when the tortoise bites the calf of the chief of medicine, who is then devoured by the other tortoises on the track. Cox describes it as "a disturbing children's book... but one that stuck with me, nonetheless".

''[[Jazz Jackrabbit (computer game)|Jazz Jackrabbit]]'' was described by their creators as "Remember the tortoise and hare? They are still fighting, even in the future".

In an episode of ''[[Garfield and Friends]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[U.S. Acres]], Booker and Sheldon decide to make the fable more modern, by turning the characters into intergalactic hero and villain with powerful ships (they considered before turning the tortoise into a ninja, but they realized that [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles|is not original]]).

In mathematics and computer science, the ''"tortoise and the hare" algorithm'' is an alternate name for [[Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm]].

The online webcomic [http://digitalpimponline.com/tvb Turtle vs. Bunny] shows a much more violent take on the classic story with reader participation deciding the outcome.

==See also==

{{wikisource (specified)|The Hare and the Tortoise (Aesop)}}
*[[Aesop's Fables]] 

==External links==

*[http://knowgramming.com/free_stuff/downloads/mp3_and_mpeg_files/music_and_movies.htm Film: The Hare and the Tortoise (bottom of list)]
*[http://www.ParablesForLife.com The Tortoise and the Hare used in modern collection of stories/parables]
*[http://www.louisianavoices.org/unit5/edu_ss38_turtle_rabbit_bel.html An alternate version of The Tortoise and the Hare fable]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tortoise and the Hare, The}}
[[Category:Aesop's Fables]]
[[Category:1934 films|Tortoise and the Hare, The]]
[[Category:Disney animated shorts, 1930s|Tortoise and the Hare, The]]
[[Category:Best Short Film Academy Award winners|Tortoise and the Hare, The]]
[[Category:Fictional hares and rabbits]]
[[Category:Fictional tortoises]]
[[Category:Black and white films|Tortoise and the Hare, The]]

[[ko:토끼와 거북이]]
[[he:הצב והארנב]]
[[nl:De haas en de schildpad]]
[[ja:ウサギとカメ]]
[[zh:龜兔賽跑]]

Gracie Family

2007-04-11T19:01:37Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 156.110.91.252 (talk) to last version by 70.65.153.158

The '''Gracie family''' refers to the lineage of [[Brazil|Brazilian]] [[businessman]] and [[politician]] '''Gastão Gracie'''. They are known as the founders of [[Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu]] and for their success in [[mixed martial arts]], [[vale tudo]], and [[submission wrestling]] competitions. As a family, they uphold the [[Gracie challenge]].

Gastão Gracie founded the family as it is now known in the early [[1900s]] while living in [[Brazil]]. He befriended [[Mitsuyo Maeda]], a [[Japan|Japanese]] [[prize fighter]] while assisting [[Japanese Brazilians|Japanese immigrants]] in their move to the country. In exchange for his friendship and hospitality, Maeda offered to teach Gracie's son [[Carlos Gracie|Carlos]] the Japanese martial art [[jiu-jitsu]]. Carlos along with his oldest son [[Carlson Gracie|Carlson]] and brother [[Helio Gracie]] founded "Gracie Jiu-jitsu".

Carlos Gracie, the first Brazilian to learn [[jiu-jitsu]], in turn taught his brother Helio Gracie. This marked the founding of what is now called "Gracie Jiu-jitsu." He founded a martial arts academy to pass on this knowledge, and taught the fighting style to the males in his family.

The most recent family champions have been [[Rolls Gracie]] and [[Rickson Gracie]]. The most successful current active Gracie is [[Roger Gracie]], who holds the [[Confederação Brasileira de Jiu-Jitsu]] World Super Heavyweight and Pan-American Open Weight titles and the ADCC heavy weight and openweight champion. The most famous member of the Gracie family may be [[Royce Gracie]], because of his famous fights inside the [[UFC]].
==See also==
*[[Carlos Gracie]]
*[[Carlson Gracie]]
*[[Helio Gracie]]
*[[jiu-jitsu]]
*[[Mitsuyo Maeda]]
*[[Carlos Gracie, Jr.]]
*[[Crosley Gracie]]
*[[Cesar Gracie]]
*[[Ralph Gracie]]
*[[Renzo Gracie]]
*[[Rickson Gracie]]
*[[Roger Gracie]]
*[[Rolls Gracie]]
*[[Rorion Gracie]]
*[[Royce Gracie]]
*[[Royler Gracie]]
*[[Ryan Gracie]]
*[[Kyra Gracie]]
*[[Ryron Gracie]]

==References==

* BJJ.org. [http://bjj.org/family.html Gracie Family Tree], [http://bjj.org/a/ranks.html Belt Ranks of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Instructors and Students]. ''bjj.org''. URL last accessed on [[April 8]], [[2006]].
* Gracie Seminars. [http://www.gracieseminars.com/GracieFamilyTree.htm GRACIE Family Tree]. ''www.gracieseminars.com''. URL last accessed on [[April 8]], [[2006]].
* Gracie USA. [http://www.gracie.com/family/tree.html#1generation The Real Gracie Family Tree]. ''www.gracie.com''. URL last accessed on [[April 8]], [[2006]].
* International Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Federation. [http://www.550media.com/igjjf/familytree.html Family Tree]. ''www.550media.com''. URL last accessed on [[April 8]], [[2006]].

====Other references====
<references/>
*[http://www.martialdirect.com/reviews/books/gracieway.htm Martial Direct book reviews]
*[http://www.gracie.com/ Gracie US website]

[[Category:Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners]]
[[Category:Scottish-Brazilians|*]]

[[ja:グレイシー一族]]

Frankfort (Indiana)

2007-04-10T14:31:20Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 165.139.251.1 (talk) to last version by 66.253.185.48

{{Infobox City |
official_name = City of Frankfort, Indiana |
nickname =|
image_flag =|
image_seal =|
image_map = US-IN-Frankfort.png |
map_caption = Location in the state of [[Indiana]] |
subdivision_type = [[List of Indiana counties|County]] |
subdivision_name = [[Clinton County, Indiana|Clinton]]|
leader_title = [[Mayor]] |
leader_name = [[Donald Stock]] |
area_note =|
area_magnitude = 1 E7 |
area_total = 13.3 |
area_land = 13.3 |
area_water = 0.0 |
population_as_of = 2000 |
population_note =|
population_total = 16662 |
population_density = 1251.6 |
timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]] |
utc_offset = -5 |
timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] |
utc_offset_DST = -4 |
latitude = 40°16'56" N |
longitude = 86°30'41" W |
latd=40 |latm=16 |lats=56 |latNS=N |
longd=86 |longm=30 |longs=41 |longEW=W |
website = www.cityoffrankfort.net |
footnotes =|
}}

'''Frankfort''' is a city in [[Clinton County, Indiana|Clinton County]], [[Indiana]], [[United States]]. The population was 16,662 at the 2000 census. The city is the [[county seat]] of [[Clinton County, Indiana|Clinton County]].{{GR|6}}

==Geography==
Frankfort is located at {{coor dms|40|16|56|N|86|30|41|W|city}} (40.282182, -86.511466).{{GR|1}}

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 13.3 [[km²]] (5.1 [[square mile|mi²]]), all land.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 16,662 people, 6,279 households, and 4,175 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,251.6/km² (3,240.5/mi²). There were 6,682 housing units at an average density of 501.9/km² (1,299.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.08% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.47% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.16% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.28% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 7.84% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.14% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 13.53% of the population.

There were 6,279 households out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.0% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,275, and the median income for a family was $42,686. Males had a median income of $32,092 versus $23,722 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,393. About 8.8% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Famous residents==
* [[Will Geer]], best known as Grandpa Zeb on [[The Waltons]]
* [[Kyle Cook]] from the band [[Matchbox Twenty]]

==External links==
*[http://www.bannerxchangeusa.com/indianaclinton.shtml The Clinton County Banner Exchange]
*[http://mainstreet.accs.net/ Frankfort Main Street]
*[http://www.ftimes.com/ The Times Newspaper]
*[http://www.frankfortpost.com The Frankfort Post]
*[http://www.accs.net/fcpl/ Frankfort Community Public Library]

{{Mapit-US-cityscale|40.282182|-86.511466}}

[[zh:法兰克福 (印第安纳州)]]

[[Category:Cities in Indiana]]
[[Category:Clinton County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Indiana]]
[[Category:County seats in Indiana]]

[[io:Frankfort, Indiana]]

Mountlake Terrace

2007-04-09T23:35:31Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 71.121.178.21 (talk) to last version by Samuel Erau

'''Mountlake Terrace''' is a city in [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish County]], [[Washington]], [[United States]]. The population was 20,362 at the 2000 census.

==History==
Mountlake Terrace was officially incorporated on [[November 30]], [[1954]].

Previously known as "Alderwood Manor", this area was first settled at the turn of the century when the logging industries flourished.

Subsequently the land was platted into "ranches" for the growing of mink, chinchillas, and poultry. The residential community of Mountlake Terrace began with the speculative construction of homes for returning WWII veterans and their young families. Within ten years the population had grown to 5,000 and a group of civic minded residents took steps to create a municipal government. The citizens enthusiastically set to work building a City Hall with a full range of services for its growing population.

==Geography==
[[Image:WAMap-doton-Mountlake_Terrace.png|right|Location of Mountlake Terrace, Washington.]]Mountlake Terrace is located at {{coor dms|47|47|27|N|122|18|24|W|city}} (47.790969, -122.306636){{GR|1}}. The city's elevation above sea level ranges between 262 and 530 feet, with an average altitude of 440 feet.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 10.7 [[km²]] (4.2 [[square mile|mi²]]). 10.5 km² (4.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.65 % water.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 20,362 people, 7,962 households, and 5,016 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,946.0/km² (5,036.7/mi²). There were 8,217 housing units at an average density of 785.3/km² (2,032.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.7 % white, 2.52 % black, 1.08 % [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 10.64 % [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.58 % [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.61 % from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.87 % from two or more races. 5.65 % of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 7,962 households out of which 32.8 % have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2 % were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.8 % had a female householder with no husband present, and 37 % were non-families. 26.2 % of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4 % had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.3 % under the age of 18, 9.8 % from 18 to 24, 35.6 % from 25 to 44, 20.2 % from 45 to 64, and 9.2 % who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 98 males; for every 100 female age 18 and over, there are 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,238, and the median income for a family was $52,117. Males had a median income of $37,421 versus $28,796 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $21,566. Eight percent of the population and 5.8 % of families were below the [[poverty line]]. 11.3 % of those under the age of 18 and 7.6 % of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

==External links==
*[http://www.ci.mountlake-terrace.wa.us/ City of Mountlake Terrace]

{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|47.790969|-122.306636}}

{{Washington}}

[[Category:Cities in the Seattle metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington]]
[[Category:Snohomish County, Washington]]

Shehzad Roy

2007-04-01T15:55:19Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 69.156.18.243 (talk) to last version by 87.109.43.218

{{Infobox musical artist 2
|Name = Shehzad Roy
|Img =
|Img_capt =
|Background = solo_singer
|Birth_name = Shehzad Roy
|Alias =
|Born =
|Died =
|Origin = [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]
|Instrument = [[Guitar]] (very rare)
|Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]
|Occupation = [[Singer]] [[Musician]]
|Years_active = [[1995]] - Present
|Label = [[Sound Master]] [[Spectrum Records]]
|Associated_acts = Phon
|URL = http://www.shehzadroy.com/ http://www.zindagitrust.org/
|Current_members =
|Past_members =
}}
'''Shehzad Roy''' ([[Urdu]]: '''شہزاد رائے''') is one of the very famous Pop singers hailing from [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]. He became a huge hit when he debuted in [[1995]] with a boisterous and revolutionary approach to Pakistani Pop. In the late 1990s, he became one of the most popular singers in [[South Asia]].

Shehzad has been dedicated to the building up of '''[[Zindagi Trust]]''', the NGO which springs from his passion for helping impoverished and uneducated children. Roy once said;
“I feel so sad when I see some child working, or on the streets, not going to school. The Trust is my best effort to do something about that.”

The programme has 25 schools across the country and uses unique teaching methods along with incentives to entice children to attend. If children pass daily assessments, they are rewarded Rs20. “Some people say its wrong to bribe children to be in school,” says Shehzad, “but well-off kids are rewarded for their marks all the time. There is no reason poor children should not have the same support.”

Shehzad uses the proceeds from his concerts to support [[Zindagi Trust]], but has been spending his time making the organization more self-sufficient. For his efforts, Shehzad was awarded the prestigious ''"Tamgha-i-Imtiaz"'', the youngest person and only pop singer to ever be honoured by this prestigious Presidential recognition of efforts to help the impoverished of Pakistani society. Shehzad's work is found to be commendable by all, even the Pakistani Prime Minister.

Shehzad Roy is credited for bringing canadian music legend Bryan Adams to Pakistan for a charity concert. The concert was the first ever show done by a foreign music legend.
Bryan Adams was impressed by the system of " I Am Paid To Learn" campaign,praised Shehzad. During Bryan Adam's stay in Pakistan , he visited earth quake victims and President Pervaiz Musharaff.

Shehzad’s newest album ''"Buri Baat Hai"'' released in [[2005]] is still fresh and new, with plenty of tracks to please a range of rhythmical and lyrical tastes. And, for those seeking an even broader stroke, The Best of Shehzad Roy offers a sampling of his classics, along with an interview and moving documentary about Zindagi Trust.

With his boyish good looks that make female fans swoon, clever songs and a moving commitment to a cause, Shehzad Roy is one of the most exciting people on Pakistan’s entertainment scene.

== Albums ==
* [[Phon (album)|Phon]] (group)
* [[Zindagi]] ([[1995]])
* [[Darshan (album)|Darshan]] ([[1997]])
* [[Teri Soorat]] ([[1999]])
* [[Rab Jaanay]] ([[2002]])
* [[Buri Baat Hai]] ([[2005]])

==External links==

* [http://www.shehzadroy.com/ Official Shehzad Roy Website]
* [http://www.zindagitrust.org/ Zindagi Trust to Educate Pakistan]

[[Category:Pakistani singers|Roy, Shehzad]]
[[Category:Pakistani pop singers|Roy, Shehzad]]
[[Category:Muslim musicians|Roy, Shezad]]

{{Pakistan-singer-stub}}

Farbcodierte Kriegspläne der Vereinigten Staaten

2007-03-28T14:20:24Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 209.158.180.206 (talk) to last version by Baka42

During the 1920s and 1930s, the [[United States Army]] developed a number of '''Color-coded [[War plan|War Plans]]''' to outline potential U.S. strategies for a variety of hypothetical war scenarios. All of these plans were officially withdrawn in 1939, in favor of five Rainbow Plans developed to meet the threat of a two ocean war against multiple enemies.

The best-known of these plans (although they were secret at the time) is probably [[War Plan Orange]], a plan for war with [[Japan]], which formed some of the basis for the actual campaign against Japan in [[World War II]] included the huge economic blockade from mainland China.

==Declassified Planning==
[[War Plan Red]], a more hypothetical plan for war against [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[Canada]], caused a stir in American-Canadian relations when declassified in 1974. A related plan was War Plan Crimson, which envisioned a limited war with the British Empire concentrating on an invasion of Canada. In this color scheme, the UK was "Red," Canada "Crimson," India "Ruby," Australia "Scarlet" and New Zealand "Garnet."
Though the possibility of a war between the United States and Great Britain diminished greatly after [[World War I]], the plan was kept updated as late as the 1930s. (There was concern in Washington that if Britain fell to the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] during World War II, American forces would have to occupy Canada.)

There were other color-coded plans developed during this period:

* [[War Plan Black]] was a plan for war with [[Germany]]. The best-known version of Black was conceived as a contingency plan during [[World War I]] in case France fell and the Germans attempted to seize French possessions in the Caribbean, or launch an attack on the eastern seaboard.
* [[War Plan Brown]] dealt with an uprising in the [[Philippines]].
* [[War Plan Citron]] was for [[Brazil]].
* [[War Plan Emerald]] was for intervention in [[Ireland]] in conjunction with [[War Plan Red]].
* [[War Plan Gray]] dealt with invading a [[Caribbean]] republic.
* [[War Plan Green]] involved war with [[Mexico]] or what was known as "Mexican Domestic Intervention" in order to defeat rebel forces and establish a pro-American government. War Plan Green was officially canceled in 1946.
* [[War Plan Gold]] was a plan for war with [[France]] and French Caribbean possessions.
* [[War Plan Indigo]] involved an invasion of [[Iceland]]. In 1941, while [[Denmark]] was under [[Germany|German]] occupation, the US actually did occupy Iceland, relieving British units during the [[Battle of the Atlantic]].
* [[War Plan Lemon]] was for [[Portugal]].
* [[War Plan Olive]] was for [[Spain]].
* [[War Plan Orange]] was a plan for war against Japan, which formed some of the basis for the actual campaign against Japan in [[World War II]].
* [[War Plan Purple]] dealt with invading a [[Central America]]n republic, or possibly with [[Russia]] (There may have been two different Purples).
* [[War Plan Silver]] was for war with [[Italy]].
* [[War Plan Tan]] was for intervention in [[Cuba]].
* [[War Plan White]] dealt with a domestic uprising in the US, and later evolved to [[Operation Garden Plot]], the general US military plan for civil disturbances and peaceful protests. Parts of War Plan White were used to deal with the [[Bonus Expeditionary Force]] in 1932. Communist insurgents were considered the most likely threat by the authors of War Plan White.
* [[War Plan Yellow]] dealt with war in [[China]] - specifically, the defense of [[Beijing]] and relief of [[Shanghai]] during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. [[War Plan Violet]] was for intervention in Chinese domestic events.

In addition there were combinations such as Red-Orange, which was necessitated by the Anglo-Japanese military alliance which expired in 1924.

==Considerations==
Many of the war plans are extremely hypothetical, considering the state of international relations in the 1920s and it was entirely within keeping with the military planning of other nation states. Often, junior military officers were given the task of updating each plans to keep them trained and busy (this was especially true in the case of War Plan Crimson). Some colors of the war plans changed over time with new revisions which can result in confusion.

Interestingly, although the U.S. had fought its most recent war against Germany and would fight another within twenty years, intense domestic pressure emerged for the Army to halt when it became known that the Army was constructing a plan for a war with Germany; [[United States isolationism|isolationists]] opposed any consideration of involvement in a future European conflict. This may have encouraged the Army to focus on more speculative scenarios for planning exercises.

On the other hand, some of these plans were designed to cope with real threats and eventualities. For instance, [[Japan]] had used the opportunity afforded by [[World War I]] to establish itself as a major power and a strategic rival in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Following World War I, most American officials and planners considered a war with Japan to be highly likely. It was reverted when the civilian government temporarily halted the program of military expansion, which was not to resume until 1931. Notably, Orange is the longest and most-detailed of the plans, and many of its elements were carried over into Plan Rainbow Five, the current plan at the time of [[Pearl Harbor]].

==The Americas==
War Plan Green was also likely to be used. During the 1910s relations between Mexico and the United States were often volatile. In 1912, U.S. President [[William Howard Taft]] considered sending an expeditionary force to protect foreign-owned property from damage during the Mexican Revolution. In 1916, U.S. troops under General [[John Pershing]] invaded Mexico in search of [[Pancho Villa]], whose rebel band had attacked [[Columbus, New Mexico|Columbus]], [[New Mexico]]; earlier, American naval forces had bombarded and seized the port of [[Veracruz, Mexico]], and forced dictator [[Victoriano Huerta]] to resign. In 1917, British intelligence intercepted a telegram from the German foreign ministry to its embassy in Mexico City offering an alliance against the United States and assistance in the Mexican reconquest of the Southwest. Released to American newspapers, the [[Zimmerman telegram]] helped turn American opinion against Germany and further poisoned the atmosphere between the USA and Mexico. Relations with Mexico remained tense into the 1920s and 1930s.

Additionally, between the [[United States Civil War]] and [[World War I]], the American military frequently intervened in the affairs of [[Latin American]] countries, including [[Panama]], [[Haiti]], [[Cuba]], and [[Nicaragua]]. This policy continued during the 1920s and 1930s, and parts of "Gray" and "Purple," although never officially activated, were used.

[[Category:Foreign relations of the United States]]

[[fr:Plan de guerre des États-Unis]]
[[ja:カラーコード戦争計画]]

Drumboe Castle

2007-03-23T12:19:37Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 194.182.47.142 (talk) to last version by Crystallina

'''Drumboe Castle''' is located in [[County Donegal]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. It is infamous for being the location of the [[Executions during the Irish Civil War|Drumboe massacre]] during the [[Irish Civil War]].

{{Ireland-struct-stub}}
{{Ireland-history-stub}}

Es geschah in einer Nacht (1955)

2007-03-16T15:22:35Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 209.91.27.59 (talk) to last version by BetacommandBot

{{Infobox Film |
name = Pete Kelly's Blues |
image = Pkblues.jpg |
writer = [[Richard L. Breen]] |
starring = [[Jack Webb]] [[Janet Leigh]] [[Edmond O'Brien]] [[Peggy Lee]] [[Andy Devine]] [[Lee Marvin]] [[Ella Fitzgerald]] [[Martin Milner]] |
director = [[Jack Webb]] |
producer = Jack Webb |
music = [[Arthur Hamilton]] [[Ray Heindorf]] [[David Buttolph]] [[Matty Matlock]] |
cinematography = [[Harold Rosson]] |
editing = [[Robert M. Leeds]] |
distributor = [[MGM]] |
released = [[July 31]], [[1955]] |
runtime = 95 min. |
language = English |
budget = $2,000,000 |
imdb_id = 0048484 |
}}

'''''Pete Kelly's Blues''''' is a 1955 film based on the 1951 [[Pete Kelly's Blues (radio series)|original radio series]]. It was directed by and starred [[Jack Webb]] in the title role. [[Janet Leigh]] is featured as party girl Ivy Conrad, and [[Peggy Lee]] portrays alcoholic jazz singer Rose Hopkins. [[Ella Fitzgerald]] makes a memorable cameo as singer Maggie Jackson (a character played by a white actress in the radio series). [[Lee Marvin]], [[Martin Milner]] and a very young [[Jayne Mansfield]] also make early career appearances in minor roles.

Much of the catchy dialogue in the film was inspired by the radio series ''[[Pat Novak for Hire]]'', in which Webb starred for a time before creating ''[[Dragnet (series)|Dragnet]]''.

{{spoiler}}

The story opens in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] in [[1927]] during [[Prohibition]]. Jazz cornetist Pete Kelly (Webb) and his Big Seven are the house band at the 17 Club, a lower-level speakeasy at 17 Cherry Street in Kansas City when Pete is approached by new local crime boss Fran McCarg ([[Edmond O’Brien]]), who intends to put Kelly on his own client list. McCarg gives Kelly until the end of the night to talk it over with the band and to “make up his mind”.

Before the night ends, Rudy, the overly-efficient manager of the 17 Club, orders Kelly and the band to go to the house of Ivy Conrad ([[Janet Leigh]]), a woman with a reputation for hosting exceptionally rowdy parties and who, we find out early on, has designs on Kelly. Reluctantly, Kelly arrives at the party expecting to hear from McCarg via phone, but when the call comes through, it’s intercepted by Kelly’s hot-tempered drummer Joey Firestone ([[Martin Milner]]), who, in a drunken stupor, blatantly turns McCarg down, telling him to “go get a ticket to nowhere”. McCarg promptly gets the word out as one of his cronies runs Kelly and his band off the road as they drive back to Kansas City.

The following night, the situation is compounded to dangerous heights when Firestone roughs up Guy Bettenhauser, McCarg’s right-hand man. Kelly tries to “call off the dogs” by phoning McCarg, and even sending someone out to track him down, but to no avail.

As the night nears the end, Kelly begins to think they're home free, but just as the band finishes their last number, two gunsels-- obviously after Firestone-- bust through the front door of the 17 Club. Kelly tries to save Firestone by sending him out the back door, but just as Firestone makes his way outside two more of McCarg’s men drive by and shoot him to death in the alleyway.

Tired and frustrated by his drummer’s murder, and of the subsequent departure of Al, his clarinetist ([[Lee Marvin]]), Kelly returns to his apartment to find Ivy inside waiting for him. Although Kelly initially resists her advances (stemming from her reputation), the two soon strike up a relationship, which turns into an engagement.

In an unsuccessful attempt to quell the heat, McCarg invites himself to the 17 Club and tries to make friends with Kelly, first by telling him that Bettenhauser acted alone in Firestone’s murder, and second, to present him with a new band member: his moll, Rose Hopkins ([[Peggy Lee]]), a would-be singer, now a heavy drinker, much to McCarg’s highly volatile consternation. The problem soon comes to a head when Rose, celebrating Pete and Ivy’s engagement, has a little too much to drink, and due to an inattentive crowd, can’t bring herself to sing. An enraged McCarg pays her in kind by chasing her to her dressing room and literally beating her senseless.

Kelly’s frustration further manifests itself when Ivy, feeling left out by Kelly’s secrecy and devotion to his work, decides to go her own way. Al drops in to see Kelly and tell him about his new job (which Kelly soon learns to be a lie), to express his feelings about Firestone’s death and Kelly’s having sold himself and his band out to McCarg, and also to take back the mouthpiece he loaned to Kelly when they first met. The two come to blows, but quickly patch things up and Al decides to return to Kelly's Big Seven (he also sheepishly puts the mouthpiece back on Kelly's horn saying "It won't fit a clarinet").

Realizing that Al is right, Kelly tries to get back in good graces with his friends by first going to McCarg to pay him off and get out from under his umbrella, but McCarg will have none of it. Kelly then goes to detective George Tennel ([[Andy Devine]]) to try to come up with a plan to bring down McCarg. But Tennel has news for Kelly: First, Bettenhauser has skipped town. Second, Rose, the only other person besides McCarg who would know Bettenhauser's whereabouts, has suffered a nervous breakdown (obviously from the alcohol and McCarg's violent abuse), permanently leaving her with the mentality of a five-year old. In a futile attempt to find Bettenhauser, Kelly visits Rose at State Hospital, but she doesn’t even remember Kelly, much less McCarg or Bettenhauser.

Kelly returns to the 17 Club to find a message for him to meet someone at Fat Annie’s, a nearby roadhouse just inside the Kansas State line. The person waiting for him turns out to be Bettenhauser himself, who wants to cut a deal. He first tells Kelly that McCarg had hired outside guns to kill Firestone. Second, if Kelly can come up with $1,200 by daybreak, Bettenhauser will help him to beat McCarg. Kelly agrees. Bettenhauser tells him he can find cancelled checks and papers in McCarg’s office at the Everglade Ballroom.

Back at the 17 Club, Kelly arms himself, but is stopped at the door by Ivy, who wants a last dance with Kelly. But still being secretive about his ties with McCarg, Kelly insists he hasn’t got the time. At the closed Everglade Ballroom, Kelly finds the papers he needs, but before he can get out, the darkness and silence are pierced by a loud calliope which starts playing. Kelly investigates and finds that Ivy, adamant about a dance with Kelly, had followed Kelly to the ballroom, started the music and turned all the lights on. Kelly fearfully agrees to a last dance with Ivy, and soon finds himself surrounded by McCarg and two of his men, one of them being Bettenhauser!

Realizing he has been set up, Kelly shields himself and Ivy with one of the tables and a shootout quickly ensues. Bettenhauser, armed with a sawed-off shotgun, climbs up into the ceiling to get a better shot at Kelly, but Kelly shoots him first, sending him plunging through the ceiling onto the mirror ball which, along with Bettenhauser, soon crashes down on the dance floor. McCarg’s other man tries to take a shot at Kelly, but Kelly throws a chair at him, causing him to misfire and instead hit McCarg, who falls to the floor, mortally wounded. Seeing this, the gunman surrenders, throwing his gun to Kelly saying, “I got nothin’ to gain.” Kelly and Ivy beat a hasty retreat from the ballroom, stepping over McCarg who lay dying in the doorway.

The film ends back at the 17 Club with business as usual -- the band still playing, Ivy and Pete back together again, and Rudy still cutting corners wherever he can.

{{end spoiler}}

The film inspired a [[Pete Kelly's Blues (television series)|television series]] of the same name in 1959.

Matty Matlock and His All Stars supplied the music for Pete Kelly and His Big Seven: Dick Cathcart, trumpet; Moe Schneider, trombone; Matty Matlock, clarinet; Eddie Miller, tenor sax; Ray Sherman, piano; George Van Eps, guitar; Jud DeNaut, bass; and Nick Fatool, drums. In addition to the official 1955 soundtrack recording, this group, with several variations, did several other recordings: On ''Pete Kelly's Blues'' there are "announcements by Jack Webb." ''Pete Kelly at Home'' (1957) substitutes Jack Chaney on tenor sax and Abe Lincoln on trombone. ''Pete Kelly Lets His Hair Down'' (1958), an album produced by Webb, only retained Van Eps and Schneider from the original group. ''[[Songs from Pete Kelly's Blues]]'' (1955) is not a soundtrack but re-recordings of songs Peggy Lee performed in the film.

Pianist Ray Sherman includes selections from these recordings on Ray Sherman Radio 1 (Live 365).

==Listen to==
*[http://www.live365.com/stations/305966 Ray Sherman Radio 1]

==External links==
*{{imdb title | id=0048484 | title=Pete Kelly's Blues}}
*[http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/00/6/pete.html Senses of Cinema: ''Pete Kelly's Blues'' by John Flaus]


[[Category:1955 films]]

Coalisland

2007-03-12T21:51:54Z

MartinBot: BOT - rv 217.43.212.232 (talk) to last version by Psicorps

{{Infobox Irish Place|
name = Coalisland |
gaeilge = Oileán a'Ghuail |
crest image = |
motto = |
map image = NorthernIrelandDungannon.png |
pin coords = left: 105px; top: 93px |
north coord = 54.542 | west coord = 6.694 |
area = | elevation = |
province = Ulster |
county = [[County Tyrone]] |
NI district = [[Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council|Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough]] |
UK constituency = [[Mid Ulster (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid Ulster]]|
EU constituency = [[Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)|Northern Ireland]]|
stdcode = 028, +44 28|
posttown = [[Dungannon]]|
postcode = BT71|
population = 4,917 |
census yr = 2001 |
web = |
|}}
'''Coalisland''' ('''Oileán a'Ghuail''' in [[Irish language|Irish]]) is a small [[town]] in [[County Tyrone]], [[Northern Ireland]], with a population of 4,917 people (in the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]]). As its name suggests, it was a centre for [[coal mining]].

Coalislands a dirty hole full of gypsys. All the people who live der are trams except for kb hu is cool. sum day a terrorist wil blow it up. up the celts

==Transport==
The town was served by a canal (the [[Coalisland Canal]] or Tyrone Navigation), although this is now derelict. A campaign for its restoration is underway. A separate navigation [[Dukart's Canal]] ran from the town to nearby coalpits.

== Education ==

*[[Gaelscoil Ui Neill]]
*[[Primate Dixon Primary School]]
*[[St. John's Primary School, Coalisland|St. John's Primary School]]
*[[St Joseph's High School, Coalisland|St Joseph's High School]]

== History ==
The town of Coalisland evolved from the settlement which grew up around the terminus of the Coalisland Canal. Work on the canal began in 1733, but progress was slow and it wasn't officially opened until 1787. The push to build a waterway had come from the desire to cheapen the cost of transporting coal from the Tyrone coalfields to Dublin. The canal linked the coalfields with Lough Neagh, via the River Blackwater.

===Civil Rights Movement===
The first civil rights march in Northern Ireland was held on 24 August 1968 between Coalisland and Dungannon.

===[[The Troubles]]===

For more information see [[The Troubles in Coalisland]], which includes a list of incidents in Coalisland during the Troubles resulting in two or more fatalities.

== 2001 Census Information ==

Coalisland is classified by the [http://www.nisra.gov.uk/ NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)] as a Small Town (ie with population between 4,500 and 10,000 people). On Census day ([[29 April]] [[2001]]) there were 4,917 people living in Coalisland. Of these:
*29.6% were aged under 16 years and 12.4% were aged 60 and over
*48.2% of the population were male and 51.8% were female
*95.8% were from a [[Catholic]] background and 3.8% were from a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] background
*4.6% of people aged 16-74 were unemployed.

For more details see: [http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/ NI Neighbourhood Information Service]

== References ==

*[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ NI Conflict Archive on the Internet]

==See also==

*[[List of towns in Northern Ireland]]
*[[List of villages in Northern Ireland]]

[[Category:Towns in Tyrone]]

[[sv:Coalisland]]

{{NI-geo-stub}}

Benutzer:Sophekles/Abigail (biblische Person)

2006-12-06T04:56:58Z

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:{{dablink|For the [[Australia|Australian]] actress, see [[Abigail (actress)]]. For the [[King Diamond]] album, see [[Abigail (album)]]. For the Eurodance singer, see [[Abigail (singer)]].}}

'''Abigail''' ('''אֲבִיגַיִל''' / '''אֲבִיגָיִל''' "her Father's joy or, fountain of joy" ;leader of/is dance/, [[Standard Hebrew]] '''Avigáyil''', [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''ʾĂḇîḡáyil''' / '''ʾĂḇîḡāyil'''), once Abigal ({{bibleverse|Samuel|2|3:3}}), is a female character in the [[Bible]]. She is described as the wife of [[Nabal|Nabal the Carmelite]], whose life she saves when David wishes to kill him. On his death she became the 3rd wife of [[David]] ({{bibleverse|Samuel|1|25}}). By her David had a son, whose name appears in the Hebrew of 2 Samuel 3:3 as Chileab, in the [[Septuagint]] as Daluyah, and in {{bibleverse|Chronicles|1|3:1}} as [[Daniel (son of David)|Daniel]].

* The name Abigail was also borne by a sister of David ({{bibleverse|Samuel|2|17:25}}; {{bibleverse|Chronicles|1|2:16}} and following).
* From the former (self-styled ''handmaid'' {{bibleverse|Samuel|1|25:25}} and following) is derived the colloquial use of the term for a waiting-woman (cf. Abigail, the ''waiting gentlewoman'', in [[Beaumont and Fletcher]]'s ''Scornful Lady'').

==References==
*{{1911}}

[[Category:Biblical prophets]]
[[Category:Given names]]

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