Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Marcia Chatelain

2020-08-04T03:02:28Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:People from Chicago using HotCat

'''Marcia Chatelain''' is a Provost's Distinguished Associate Professor of history and African American studies at [[Georgetown University]]. Following the police shooting of [[Shooting of Michael Brown|Michael Brown]] in [[Ferguson, Missouri]], she organized a social media response in the form of the crowdsourced [[Ferguson Syllabus|#FergusonSyllabus]]. She is also the author of ''South Side Girls: Growing up in the Great Migration'' and ''Franchise: The Golden Arches in Black America.''

== Biography ==

=== Education and career ===
Marcia Chatelain grew up in [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title='Franchise' Tracks The Rise And Role Of Fast Food In Black America|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/25/797143165/franchise-tracks-the-rise-and-role-of-fast-food-in-black-america|access-date=2020-08-04|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> She graduated from the [[University of Missouri]] in 2001, with degrees in [[journalism]] and [[religious studies]]. She then worked as the Resident Scholar at the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Marcia Chatelain, Ph.D.|url=https://ignatiansolidarity.net/iftj/marcia-chatelain-ph-d/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Ignatian Solidarity Network|language=en-US}}</ref> Chatelain received her A.M. and Ph.D. in American Civilization from [[Brown University]], graduating in 2008, and was awarded the [[University of California, Santa Barbara|University of California-Santa Barbara]]'s Black Studies Dissertation Fellowship.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Marcia Chatelain|url=http://newamerica.org/our-people/marcia-chatelain/|access-date=2020-08-03|website=New America|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Chatelain worked as the Reach for Excellence Assistant Professor of Honors and African American Studies at the [[University of Oklahoma]]’s Honors College, before becoming a Provost's Distinguished Associate Professor of history and African American studies at [[Georgetown University]].<ref name=":1" />

=== #FergusonSyllabus ===
In 2014, following the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, Chatelain mobilized other scholars on Twitter to talk about what was happening in Ferguson with their students and to contribute to a crowdsourced reading list, which became known as the #FergusonSyllabus. The success of the syllabus has led to other crowdsourced syllabi to respond to national tragedies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-12-11|title=Curricular Activist: Marcia Chatelain|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/curricular-activist/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-04|website=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Caldwell|first=Ellen C.|date=2016-12-01|title=Teaching Trump: The Rise of the Crowd-Sourced Syllabus|url=https://daily.jstor.org/teaching-trump-rise-crowd-sourced-syllabus/|access-date=2020-08-04|website=JSTOR Daily|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, the ''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education|Chronicle of Higher Education]]'' named Chatelain a Top Influencer in academic, in recognition of the success of #FergusonSyllabus.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Podcasting ===
In 2017, Chatelain contributed to the [[Undisclosed (podcast)|"Undisclosed"]] podcast as a resident historian.<ref name=":1" /> She currently hosts the [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] podcast, "The Waves," on feminism, gender, and popular culture.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Marcia Chatelain|url=https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/00336000014RhMmAAK/marcia-chatelain|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Georgetown University Faculty Directory}}</ref>

=== Awards, honors, and service ===
Chatelain has received awards from the [[Ford Foundation]], [[American Association of University Women]], and the [[German Marshall Fund of the United States]].<ref name=":1" /> She has won teaching awards at Georgetown and serves on the Working Group on Slavery, Memory, and Reconciliation.<ref name=":3" /> In 2019, Chatelain was named an Andrew Carnegie Fellow. She also served as an Eric and Wendy Schmidt Fellow at the [[New America Foundation]].<ref name=":3" />

=== Works ===
Chatelain has published two books: ''South Side Girls: Growing up in the Great Migration'' ([[Duke University Press]], 2015), about the history of Chicago's [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] through the lens of black girls''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=South Side Girls: Growing Up in the Great Migration|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/south-side-girls|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Duke University Press}}</ref>'' and ''Franchise: The Golden Arches in Black America'' ([[Boni & Liveright|Liveright]]/[[W. W. Norton & Company|W.W. Norton]], 2020) about the history of the relationship between [[Civil rights movement (1896–1954)|civil rights]] and the [[fast food industry]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Szalai|first=Jennifer|date=2020-01-08|title=The Surprising History of McDonald’s and the Civil Rights Movement|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/08/books/review-franchise-golden-arches-black-america-marcia-chatelain.html|access-date=2020-08-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Georgetown University faculty]]
[[Category:Brown University alumni]]
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://www.marciachatelain.com/ Official website]
* [https://twitter.com/DrMChatelain Twitter]
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=anLfPl8AAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar]

[[Category:University of Missouri alumni]]
[[Category:Historians of African Americans]]
[[Category:21st-century American historians]]
[[Category:American historians]]
[[Category:African-American historians]]
[[Category:African-American academics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Chicago]]

Marcia Chatelain

2020-08-04T03:02:15Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:Living people using HotCat

Devi Sridhar

2019-08-04T23:10:33Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:University of Miami alumni using HotCat

{{short description|Global public health researcher}}
{{Infobox scientist
| birth_name = Devi Lalita Sridhar
| name = Devi Sridhar
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1984}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Miami]] <br> [[University of Oxford]] (DPhil)
| awards = [[Rhodes Scholarship]]
| workplaces = [[University of Oxford]] <br> [[University of Edinburgh]]
| fields = [[Public health]]<ref name=gs/>
| thesis_title = The art of the Bank : nutrition policy and practice in India
| thesis_url = https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439319
| thesis_year = 2006
| website = {{URL|https://www.ed.ac.uk/profile/devi-sridhar}}
}}

'''Devi Lalita Sridhar''' (born 1984) is a Professor and Chair of Global [[Public health|Public Health]] at the [[University of Edinburgh]]. Her research considers the effectiveness of public health interventions and how to improve developmental assistance for health.<ref name=gs>{{Google scholar id}}</ref><ref name=epmc>{{EuropePMC|ORCID=0000-0002-5058-9023}}</ref><ref name="TichenorSridhar2019">{{cite journal|last1=Tichenor|first1=Marlee|last2=Sridhar|first2=Devi|title=Metric partnerships: global burden of disease estimates within the World Bank, the World Health Organisation and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation|journal=Wellcome Open Research|volume=4|year=2019|pages=35|issn=2398-502X|doi=10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15011.1|pmid=30863794 |pmc=6406176 }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
In 2003, at the age of eighteen, Sridhar earned a Bachelor's degree in [[medicine]] at the [[University of Miami]].<ref name=miami>{{Cite journal|author=Anon|date=2017|title=Devi Sridhar: Governing global health|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=356|pages=j1490|doi=10.1136/bmj.j1490|issn=0959-8138|pmid=28356303}} {{closed access}}</ref> She says she was inspired by her grandmother, who raised her children in the 1960s before completing her PhD<ref name=dphil>{{cite thesis|degree=DPhil|publisher=University of Oxford|url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=oxfaleph016539527&context=L&vid=SOLO&search_scope=LSCOP_ALL&tab=local&lang=en_US|title=The art of the bank : nutrition policy and practice in India|first= Devi|last=Sridhar|date=2006|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.439319}}|website=ox.ac.uk|oclc=165059652|hdl=}}</ref> and writing several books.<ref name=miami/> Sridhar was a graduate student at the [[University of Oxford]], where she was awarded a [[Rhodes Scholarship]].{{when|date=August 2019}} Her dissertation considered [[malnutrition]] in India.<ref name=dphil/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://med.miami.edu/news/alumni-spotlight|title=Alumni Spotlight {{!}} Miller School of Medicine {{!}} University of Miami|website=med.miami.edu|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> She turned down a funded position at [[Harvard Law School]]<ref name=miami /> to join the [[University of Oxford]] Global Economic Governance Programme in 2006, when she also completed her [[Doctor of Medicine]] (MD).<ref name=":1" />

==Career and research==
From 2008 Sridhar was a [[postdoctoral]] [[fellow]] at [[All Souls College, Oxford]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geg.ox.ac.uk/person/dr-devi-sridhar-senior-research-associate|title=Dr Devi Sridhar, Senior Research Associate {{!}} GEG|website=geg.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> Her first book, ''The Battle Against Hunger'',<ref name=battle/> was selected by ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' as a must read book in aid policy.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/associates/devi-sridhar.html|title=Devi Sridhar|website=politics.ox.ac.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2010-02-02/what-read-foreign-aid|title=What to Read on Foreign Aid|last=Gershman|first=John|date=2012-03-21|access-date=2019-07-28|language=en-US|issn=0015-7120}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geg.ox.ac.uk/news/devi-sridhars-new-book-foreign-affairs-must-read|title=Devi Sridhar's New Book: A Foreign Affairs Must-Read {{!}} GEG|website=geg.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> The book investigated the [[World Bank]] funded nutrition programme based in India, which became a blueprint for air programmes despite evidence for its effectiveness.<ref name=":4" /> Sridhar was concerned that the programme did not address the social conditions that cause undernutrition in India.<ref name=":4" />

In 2011 Sridhar was appointed to [[Wolfson College, Oxford]], as an Associate Professor in [[global health]] politics.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/profile/devi-sridhar|title=Devi Sridhar|website=ed.ac.uk|publisher=University of Edinburgh|language=en|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> She serves on the [[World Economic Forum]] Global Agenda Council on the Health Industry. She started to research the rise of [[Public–private partnership|public–private partnerships]] in global health governance, and how, whilst they are crucial to combat [[Infectious Disease|infectious disease]], their non-transparent accountability and effectiveness should be investigated.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/multimedia/video/governing-global-health-chelsea-clinton-and-devi-sridhar|title=Governing Global Health with Chelsea Clinton and Devi Sridhar|website=bsg.ox.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> International organisations are redirected by specific incentives, and the asymmetry of information sharing between member states and groups like the [[World Health Organization]] or [[World Bank]] limits their impact. She worked with [[Chelsea Clinton]] and used [[principal agent theory]] to study [[the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]] and the [[GAVI Alliance]].<ref name=":6" /> She worked with [[Julio Frenk]] on the need for an independent and impartial [[World Health Organization]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sridhar|first=D.|last2=Frenk|first2=J.|last3=Gostin|first3=L.|last4=Moon|first4=S.|date=2014|title=Global rules for global health: why we need an independent, impartial WHO|journal=BMJ|volume=348|issue=jun18 17|pages=g3841–g3841|doi=10.1136/bmj.g3841|issn=1756-1833|pmid= 24942299}} {{closed access}}</ref>

Sridhar investigated the international response to the [[West African Ebola virus epidemic timeline|West African Ebola virus epidemic]], and what reforms were needed to heal a global system for outbreak response. She partnered with the Harvard Global Health Institute and [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]] to independently analyse the global response. She established ten essential reforms to prevent and respond to the next pandemic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Piot|first=Peter|last2=Woskie|first2=Liana R.|last3=Hawkins|first3=Benjamin|last4=Leigh|first4=Jennifer A.|last5=Tanner|first5=Marcel|last6=Saavedra|first6=Jorge|last7=Morrison|first7=J. Stephen|last8=Leung|first8=Gabriel M.|last9=Lee|first9=Kelley|date=2015|title=Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=386|issue=10009|pages=2204–2221|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00946-0|issn=0140-6736}}</ref> Sridhar is the founding Director of the Global Health Governance Programme at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalhealthgovernance.org/team-1|title=Team member overview old|website=globalhealthgovernance.org|publisher=Global Health Governance Programme|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> She works between the [[the Usher Institute]] and the [[Blavatnik School of Government]].<ref name=":2" /> Sridhar compiled the [[Wellcome Trust]] Open Research Collection on Global Public Health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/collections/worldbank/about-this-collection|title=About this collection - Wellcome Open Research|website=wellcomeopenresearch.org|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> She is concerned by the rise of [[chronic disease]], drug-resistant infection and funding for [[primary healthcare]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/events/events/2018/06/health-systems-for-prosperity-and-solidarity-leaving-no-one-behind/commentaries/professor-devi-sridhar,-university-of-edinburgh,-scotland,-united-kingdom|title=Professor Devi Sridhar, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom|date=2018-05-24|website=euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref>

She regularly contributes to the [[BBC World Service]], [[CNN]] and [[BBC Radio 4]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hayfestival.com/artist.aspx?artistid=9032|title=Hay Festival|website=hayfestival.com|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> She is a member of [[Iyiola Solanke]]'s Black Professors Forum.

=== Selected publications ===
Her publications include;

* ''The battle against hunger''<ref name=battle>{{Cite book|title=The battle against hunger|last=Sridhar|first=Devi|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|isbn=0199549966|location=|pages=}}</ref>
* {{Cite book|title=Anthropologists Inside Organisations|last=Sridhar|first=Devi|publisher=Sage Publishing|year=2008|isbn=8178298864|location=|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|title=Healthy Ideas: Improving Global Health and Development in the 21st Century|last=Sridhar|first=Devi|publisher=JoGH|year=2014|isbn=0993363814|location=|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|title=Governing Global Health: Who Runs the World and Why?|last=Sridhar|first=Devi|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=0190253274|location=|pages=}}

Sridhar serves on the [[editorial board]] of the journal ''[[Public Health (journal)|Public Health]]''.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sridhar, Devi}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Medical researchers]]
[[Category:University of Miami alumni]]

Devi Sridhar

2019-08-04T23:10:01Z

MainlyTwelve: Importing Wikidata short description: "Global public health researcher" (Shortdesc helper)

Jessie Tarbox Beals

2019-04-15T17:50:17Z

MainlyTwelve: Importing Wikidata short description: "American photographer" (Shortdesc helper)

{{short description|American photographer}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Jessie Tarbox Beals
| image = Jessie Tarbox Beals with camera Schlesinger Library.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Jessie Tarbox Beals with her camera c. 1905.
| birth_name = Jessie Richmond Tarbox
| birth_date = {{birth date|1870|12|23|mf=y}}
| birth_place = Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|5|30|1870|12|23|mf=y}}
| death_place = New York, New York
| nationality =
| education = Collegiate Institute of Ontario
| field = [[Photography]]
| training =
| movement =
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
| spouse = {{marriage|Alfred Tennyson Beals|1897}}
| partner =
}}
[[File:Jessie Tarbox Beals with John Burroughs.jpg|thumb|Jessie Tarbox Beals with [[John Burroughs]], 1908 ]]
'''Jessie Tarbox Beals''' (December 23, 1870 – May 30, 1942) was an [[Americans|American]] [[photographer]], the first published female [[photojournalist]] in the United States and the first female [[night photography|night photographer]].

She is best known for her freelance news photographs, particularly of the 1904 [[St. Louis World's Fair]], and portraits of places such as [[Bohemianism|Bohemian]] [[Greenwich Village]].

Her trademarks were her self-described "ability to hustle" and her tenacity in overcoming gender barriers in her profession.<ref name=":0" />

==Early life and education==
Beals was born '''Jessie Richmond Tarbox''' on December 23, 1870, in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], the youngest child of John Nathaniel Tarbox and Marie Antoinette Bassett. John Tarbox was a sewing machine manufacturer, and his partnership with the largest sewing machine company in Canada made the Tarbox family wealthy. When Beals was seven, however, her father lost all of his savings in a bad investment and began drinking heavily. He eventually left home at the insistence of Beals's mother, who then embroidered and sold some of the family's belongings to keep the family income going.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://loc.gov/rr/print/coll/womphotoj/bealsessay.html|title=Women Photojournalists: Jessie Tarbox Beals - Biographical Essay(Prints and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress)|website=loc.gov|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>

Beals was a "bright and precocious child" and did well in school.<ref name=":0" /> At age fourteen she was admitted to the Collegiate Institute of Ontario, and at seventeen received her teaching certificate. Beals began teaching at a one-room schoolhouse in [[Williamsburg, Massachusetts]], where her brother Paul was also living at the time. In 1888,<ref name=":0" /> Beals won a subscription prize camera through the [[The Youth's Companion|''Youth's Companion'']] magazine.<ref name=":1">New York Times (May 31, 1942) [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9904E3D61539E33BBC4950DFB3668389659EDE “JESSIE BEALS DIES; Photographer, 71. 1942.”] ''The New York Times'' (accessed January 10, 2013)</ref> The camera was small and somewhat rudimentary, but Beals began to use it to take photographs of her students and their surroundings. Beals soon bought a higher quality Kodak camera and set up Williamsburg's first photography studio in front of her house, although photography largely remained her side hobby.

== Photography career ==
In 1893 Beals took a new teaching position in [[Greenfield, Massachusetts|Greenfield]], Massachusetts and visited the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in Chicago. At the Exposition, Beals' interest in traveling and photography was sparked having met [[Frances Benjamin Johnston]] and [[Gertrude Käsebier]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1897, Beals married Alfred Tennyson Beals, an Amherst graduate and factory machinist.<ref name=":0" />

In 1899, Beals received her first professional assignment when she was asked by [[The Boston Post|''The'' ''Boston Post'']] to photograph the Massachusetts state prison.{{sfn|Alland|1978|p=22}} Beals taught Alfred the basics of photography and the couple set out to work as itinerant photographers in 1900, with Alfred as Beals's darkroom assistant. That year, Beals also received her first credit line for her photographs in a publication, the ''Windham County Reformer''.<ref name=":0" />

By 1901, the Beals' funds were depleted and they resettled in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. Later that year, Beals was hired as a staff photographer by the ''Buffalo Inquirer'' and ''[[Buffalo Courier-Express|The Buffalo Courier]]'',<ref name=":0" /> after impressing the editor with a photograph of ducks waddling in a row entitled "On to Albany."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/204405672/?terms=%22Jessie+Tarbox+Beals%22|title=Woman Photographer Achieves Success|last=|first=|date=28 Sep 1927|website=Newspapers.com|publisher=The St. Louis Star and Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref> This position made her the first female [[Photojournalism|photojournalist]] and was well-regarded by the papers and citizens of Buffalo and worked at the publications until 1904 when she left to take photos of the World's Fair.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/325710183/?terms=%22Jessie+Tarbox+Beals%22|title=A Successful Woman Newspaper Photographer|last=|first=|date=23 Mar 1904|website=Newspapers.com|publisher=The Buffalo Enquirer|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>

Photojournalism was physically demanding, often risky work, but Beals could be seen carrying out assignments in her ankle-length dresses and large hats, with her 8-by-10-inch glass plate camera and 50 pounds of equipment in tow.{{sfn|Alland|1978|p=36}} During one assignment for the lurid murder trial of Edwin L. Burdick in Buffalo, Beals broke a rule that forbade photographs of the trial by climbing a tall bookcase to a window to snap a picture of the courtroom before she was detected.{{sfn|Alland|1978|p=36}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/172873421/?terms=%22Jessie+Tarbox+Beals%22|title=Putting Women in the Picture|last=|first=|date=23 Feb 1997|website=Newspapers.com|publisher=The Baltimore Sun|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>

In 1904, Beals was sent to the opening of the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]. There, Beals persuaded officials to give her a late press permit for the pre-exposition, climbed ladders and jumped into a hot air balloon just to get photographs that interested her.{{sfn|Alland|1978|p=45}} She was greatly interested in the [[Indigenous peoples|Indigenous]] peoples which resulted in capturing many spontaneous images that didn't necessarily fit into the predominate narrative of racial and developmental progress.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Medak-Saltzman|first=Danika|date=September 2010|title=Transnational Indigenous Exchange: Rethinking Global Interactions of Indigenous Peoples at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition|journal=American Quarterly|volume=62|issue=3|pages=591–615|jstor=40983421|doi=10.1353/aq.2010.0010|pmid=20857585}}</ref> She had a different style than most news photographers of the day, focusing on series of pictures that would later be used to write stories, rather than vice versa. Beals's display of her signature "hustle" earned her the position of official Fair photographer for the ''[[New York Herald]]'', ''[[Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper|Leslie's Weekly]]'' and the ''[[New York Herald Tribune|Tribune]]'', as well as the Fair's publicity department, producing over 3,500 photographs and 45,000 prints of the event.{{sfn|Alland|1978|p=45}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/204765154/?terms=%22Jessie+Tarbox+Beals%22|title=Jessie Tarbox Beals has won Fame as a Practical Photographer|last=|first=|date=27 Feb 1910|website=Newspapers.com|publisher=The St. Louis Star and Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>

In addition to photographing the various exhibits at the Fair, Beals also captured a candid photograph of President [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. This initial encounter earned her a special pass to photograph Roosevelt and the [[Rough Riders]] at their reunion in [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]] in 1905.

=== A studio on Sixth Avenue ===
In 1905 Beals opened her own studio on [[Sixth Avenue]] in [[New York City]]. Beals continued to take on a variety of photograph assignments, ranging from shots of auto races and portraits of society figures, to her well-known photographs of Bohemian [[Greenwich Village]] and the New York [[Slum|slums]].<ref>Hagen, Charles (September 2, 1994) [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/02/arts/photography-review-village-bohemians-from-another-era.html “Village bohemians from another era.”] ''The New York Times'' (accessed January 10, 2013)</ref> Over the years Beals also photographed several presidents and celebrities, including Presidents [[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]], [[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]] and [[William Howard Taft|Taft]]; [[Mark Twain]]; [[Edna St. Vincent Millay]]; and [[Emily Post]].<ref name=":1" />

While Beals' career flourished, her marriage became troubled. In 1911, Beals gave birth to a daughter, Nanette Tarbox Beals, most likely from another relationship.{{sfn|Alland|1978|p=71}} Beals finally left her husband in 1917,

=== A studio and a gallery in Greenwich Village ===
She moved to Greenwich Village and opened a new photography studio and gallery in 1920. For a few years, Beals juggled working and caring for Nanette, who also suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and was frequently hospitalized, eventually deciding to send Nanette to camps and private boarding schools throughout the year. Nanette would later go on to live semi-permanently with one of Beals' old friends.

==Later years==
As the number of female photographers increased during the 1920s, Beals shifted her focus to giving public talks and specializing in photographing suburban gardens and estates of wealthy East Coasters.<ref name=":1" />

By 1928, she and Nanette moved to California, where Beals photographed Hollywood estates. The [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] brought Beals and Nanette back to New York in 1933, where Beals lived and worked in Greenwich Village.

Beals gradually fell into poverty, years of lavish living and the effects of the Depression having taken their toll. She died on May 31, 1942 at [[Bellevue Hospital]], at the age of seventy-one.<ref name=":1" />

Her photographs and prints are in collections at the [[Library of Congress]], [[Harvard University]], the [[New-York Historical Society]], and the [[American Museum of Natural History]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1982, the [[Schlesinger Library]] at Radcliffe received Beals' papers and pictures from her daughter, Nanette Beals Brainerd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/first-behind-camera-photojournalist-jessie-tarbox-beals|title=First Behind the Camera: Photojournalist Jessie Tarbox Beals|date=2012-06-13|website=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book|last1=Alland, Sr.|first1=Alexander |title=Jessie Tarbox Beals, First Woman News Photographer|date=1978|publisher=Camera/Graphic Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-918696-08-3|ref=harv}}
*Breitbart, Eric. ''A World on Display: Photographs from the St. Louis World's Fair''. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1997

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Jessie Tarbox Beals}}
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00048 Papers of Jessie Tarbox Beals, 1866–1989 (inclusive), 1880–1942 (bulk).] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
*[http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00047 Photographs, 1896–1941, n.d..] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Schlesinger Library], Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
*[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/beals/ Guide to the Jessie Tarbox Beals Photograph Collection 1900–1940]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/23/arts/photography-review-a-pioneer-in-a-man-s-world-she-was-tough-enough.html PHOTOGRAPHY REVIEW; A Pioneer in a Man's World, She Was Tough Enough]
*[http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/first-behind-the-camera-photojournalist-jessie-tarbox-beals/ First behind the camera: Photojournalist Jessie Tarbox Beals]
*[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/beals/ The Jessie Tarbox Beals Photograph Collection] at the New-York Historical Society
*[http://primo.getty.edu/GRI:GETTY_ALMA21124627760001551 Snapshot album of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904, Saint Louis, Mo]. by Jessie Tarbox Beals, Getty Research Institute

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beals, Jessie Tarbox}}
[[Category:American photojournalists]]
[[Category:American women photographers]]
[[Category:American women journalists]]
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:19th-century American photographers]]
[[Category:20th-century American photographers]]
[[Category:19th-century American women artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American women artists]]

Hexenfenster

2019-04-09T23:08:15Z

MainlyTwelve: Adding local short description: "Window rotated 45° from vertical, found primarily on 19th century famhouses in Vermont, US" (Shortdesc helper)

{{short description|Window rotated 45° from vertical, found primarily on 19th century famhouses in Vermont, US}}
[[File:Vermont window.jpg|thumb|300px|A Vermont or witch window.]]

In American [[vernacular architecture]], a '''witch window''' (also known as a '''Vermont window''', among other names) is a window (usually a double-hung [[sash window]], occasionally a single-sided [[casement window]]) placed in the gable-end wall of a house<ref name = "Nash">George Nash, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0hAbWpgs-H8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=George+Nash,+Renovating+Old+Houses:+Bringing+New+Life+to+Vintage+Homes.&source=bl&ots=ogZdd87szW&sig=LAdcaxKNrixkHaPJTSXviJqsEns&hl=en&ei=i7NlTJ_hGcSblgfR04GUDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Renovating Old Houses: Bringing New Life to Vintage Homes]''. The Taunton Press, Newtown, Connecticut, 2003, p. 8.{{Dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref> and rotated approximately 45 degrees from vertical, so that its long edge is parallel to the roof slope.<ref name = "Nash" /><ref name = "Stranger">Howard Frank Mosher, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4bLstlIhTMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Howard+Frank+Mosher,+A+Stranger+in+the+Kingdom&source=bl&ots=fRLHHF01UG&sig=CNC3MXe1emvO7TOtCgeornmww0M&hl=en&ei=mbRlTLGlCoKdlgfS8YWTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false A Stranger in the Kingdom]'', Houghton Mifflin Co., New York, 1989 (republished 2002), p. 46.</ref> This fits a full-sized window into the long, narrow wall space between two adjacent roof lines.

Witch windows are found almost exclusively in or near the U.S. state of [[Vermont]], generally in the central and northern parts of the state.<ref name = "DK&P">Justin Falango, "[http://doverkohl.blogspot.com/2011/05/architectural-details-new-england.html Architectural Details: New England]", Dover, Kohl & Partners, May 26, 2011; accessed 2012.04.23.</ref> They are principally installed in [[farmhouses]] from the 19th century,<ref name = "Nash" /><ref name = "Stranger" /> although they can be found—less frequently—in new construction.<ref name = "DK&P" />

==Etymology==
The name "witch window" appears to come from a [[folk belief]] that [[witch]]es cannot fly their [[broomsticks]] through the tilted windows, although it seems unlikely that the tale was taken seriously.<ref name = "KEddy" /><ref name = "TSD" /><ref>Evan Coughlin, [http://news7newslinc.net/around-nek/unique-vermont-window-102010 Window That Fends Off Witches?], Newslinc, October 14, 2010; accessed 2012.02.15.{{Dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref><ref>For more about witches flying through windows, see Angelique Van Engelen, "What Made Witches Fly?" (<nowiki>http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Made-Witches-Fly?&id=484076</nowiki>), ''Ezine Articles'', August 12, 2010.</ref> The windows are also known as "coffin windows";<ref name = "Stranger" /> it is unclear if they really were used for removing a coffin from the second floor (avoiding a narrow staircase), or if the odd placement on the wall was reminiscent of a coffin.<ref name = "Nash" /><ref name = "delaCruz">{{cite thesis|first1=Pacita T.|last1=De la Cruz|chapter=8419 Germantown Avenue|title=Adaptive re-use: An Early Twentieth Century Approach in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, by Dr. George Woodward, Developer, and Herman Louis Duhring, Jr., Architect|location=Philadelphia, PA|degree=Master's|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|date=1984|page=147 (pdf p.307)|url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1542&context=hp_theses}}{{oa}}</ref> Either explanation seems far-fetched.<ref name = "Nash" /><ref name = "delaCruz" /> They are also known as "Vermont windows" <ref name = "DK&P" /> and as "sideways"<ref name = "Stranger" /> or "lazy windows".<ref name = "DK&P" />

==Construction==
[[File:Coffin window diagonal clapboards.jpg|thumb|300px|On this house, the clapboards are hung at an angle to match the window.]]

[[Dormer window]]s, which can leave a room very cold, are unusual in Vermont, particularly in older construction; windows are mostly placed in walls. When a house is expanded, for example with a [[Connected farm|kitchen wing or an attached shed]], there may be very little wall space available in the gable end in which to put a window, which may be the only window available for an upper floor room (if there is no dormer—adding a dormer to an existing roof is problematic, as it involves puncturing the roof membrane<ref>Catasterist, [http://catasterist.com/2010/09/free-clear-and-also-witch-windows/ Free & Clear (and also witch windows)], September 2010. Accessed 2010.12.14.</ref>).<ref name = "DK&P" />

The solution is to rotate the window until its long edge is parallel to the nearby roof line, to better maximize the space available for a window.<ref name = "Nash" /> Thus, not only is the window area (and thus incoming light and ventilation) maximized, but building or buying a custom window is avoided.<ref name = "KEddy">Kathryn Eddy. ''[http://www.timesargus.com/article/20120730/THISJUSTIN/707309970 Building Blocks: Exploring witch windows]'' [[Barre Montpelier Times Argus]]. July 30,2012.</ref><ref name = "Noyes">Amy Kolb Noyes, "[http://digital.vpr.net/post/whats-history-vermonts-witch-windows#stream/0 What's the History of Vermont's 'Witch Windows'?]", [[Vermont Public Radio]], July 12, 2017.</ref>

An alternative explanation for the orientation of the window is that getting at least one corner of a window up as far as possible in the interior of the house allows hot air (which rises to the top of the room) to escape on summer afternoons.<ref name = "TSD">[http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=162427 Vermont--diagonal "witch windows" in houses] "The Straight Dope".</ref> However, this reasoning seems suspect, as Vermont is not as hot as many other locations,<ref>See Matt Sutkoski, "[http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20100805/NEWS05/100805024/Vermont-is-hot-but-not-like-elsewhere Vermont is hot, but not like elsewhere]", ''Burlington Free Press'', August 5, 2010.{{Dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref> while the windows are not ubiquitous.<ref name = "Nash" /> If heat escape were the goal, diagonal windows could be placed in other walls as well.

The diagonal orientation of the window can complicate the placement of the [[siding]] (such as [[Clapboard (architecture)|clapboards]]) on the wall in which the window is hung, because if the siding is horizontal, it will meet the window frame at an acute angle, complicating both the cutting of the siding and the waterproofing of the frame-siding joint. One solution is to orient all of the siding on the wall so that it is parallel with the window frame.

[[File:Vermont_window_brick.jpg|thumb|300px|A very unusual example of a diagonal window set in a brick wall.]]

== See also ==
* [[Fortochka]]
* [[Vernacular architecture]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Herbert Wheaton Congdon, ''Old Vermont Houses: 1763-1850'', 1940 (reprinted 1968, Noone House, Peterborough, N.H.).
* David G. De Long, Helen Searing, and Robert A.M. Stern, eds., ''American Architecture: Innovation and Tradition'', Rizzoli, New York, 1986.
* Thomas C. Hubka, ''Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn: The Connected Farm Buildings of New England'', University Press of New England, Hanover, N.H., 1984.
* Vermont Division for Historic Preservation, ''A Guide to Vermont Architecture'', reprinted 1996, Montpelier, Vermont.

== External links ==
* [http://forums.finehomebuilding.com/breaktime/construction-techniques/installing-vt-window?page=1 Discussion of installing a Vermont window in an existing wall]

{{Superstitions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Witch Window}}
[[Category:Windows]]
[[Category:Architecture in Vermont]]
[[Category:Superstitions of the United States]]
[[Category:Witchcraft]]
[[Category:Vernacular architecture in the United States]]

Friendly Fascism

2019-03-08T20:51:17Z

MainlyTwelve: Moving from Category:1980 books to Category:1980 non-fiction books using Cat-a-lot

{{use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Friendly Fascism:<br>The New Face of Power in America
| translator =
| image = FriendlyFascism-FirstEdition-BookCover.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = First edition cover
| author = [[Bertram Gross]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| series =
| publisher = M. Evans & Company
| release_date = June 1, 1980
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover]])
| pages = 419
| isbn = 0871313170
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America''''' is a [[book]] written by American [[social scientist]] and professor of [[political science]] at [[Hunter College]] [[Bertram Myron Gross|Bertram Gross]] and published on June 1, 1980 by M. Evans & Company as a 419-page hardback book containing 440 quotations and sources. The book examines the history of [[fascism]] and based on the growth of [[big business]] and [[big government]] describes [[Scenario planning|possible political scenarios]] for a [[Futures studies|future United States]].<ref name="NYBOOKS-19801023"/><ref name="AJLS-1980"/><ref name="EM-DWharton"/> According to a 1981 review in the journal [[Social Justice (journal)|''Social Justice'']], the book is described as "timely" on a subject requiring serious consideration and is about the dangers of fascism, focusing primarily on the United States, but being aware that [[monopoly capitalism]] needs to be understood internationally since [[capitalism]] "is not a national [[mode of production]]".<ref name="SJ-1981"/>

In 2016, the book prompted the following response right after [[Donald Trump]] was elected [[President of the United States]]: "The next wave of fascists will not come with [[Stock car (rail)|cattle cars]] and [[Internment|concentration camps]], but they'll come with a [[Smiley|smiley face]] and maybe a [[Television show|TV show]]. [...] That’s how the 21st-century fascists will essentially take over".<ref name="HP-20161114" />

== Reactions ==
According to [[Jason Epstein]], editor, publisher and book reviewer for ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', "''Friendly Fascism'' [...] reflects what seems to be a widespread feeling among [[Liberalism in the United States|liberals]] as well as [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatives]] that [[democracy]] in America has played itself out: that soon Americans won’t be able to govern themselves".<ref name="NYBOOKS-19801023">{{cite news |last=Epstein |first=Jason |authorlink=Jason Epstein |title=Is the Party Over? |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1980/10/23/is-the-party-over/ |date=October 23, 1980 |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |accessdate=September 19, 2018 }}</ref> According to [[Gaddis Smith]], professor emeritus of history at [[Yale University]] and an expert on American [[International relations|foreign relations]], the book is an "insightful lament over the growth of centralized power by business and government in alliance under the direction of faceless managers who [...] are replacing democracy with a form of benevolent fascism".<ref name="FA-19800901">{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Gaddis |authorlink=Gaddis Smith |title=Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America (capsule review) |issue=Fall 1980 |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1980-09-01/friendly-fascism-new-face-power-america |date=September 1, 1980 |journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] |accessdate=September 19, 2018 }}</ref> Writing on behalf of ''[[Eclectica Magazine]]'', reviewer Dale Wharton comments that the book offers "faint hope of averting [[neofascism]]", but as a possible offset suggests raising aspirations, notably by "setting forth clear lofty goals, broad enough to embrace a great majority". Help may come from insiders since "bubbling upward from all levels of the [[The Establishment|Establishment]] are longings for fulfilling [[employment]] disconnected from [[Consumerism|consumer exploitation]], [[environmental degradation]], or [[militarism]]".<ref name="EM-DWharton">{{cite web |last=Wharton |first=Dale |title=A review by Dale Wharton: Frienndly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America by Bertram Gross |url=http://www.eclectica.org/v1n1/reviews/wharton_friendly.html |date= |work=[[Eclectica Magazine]] |accessdate=September 20, 2018 }}</ref>

Reviewer Dennis Phillips notes in the ''Australian Journal of Law & Society'' that Gross wrote ''Friendly Fascism'' before [[Ronald Reagan]] had become [[President of the United States]], but Reagan's United States, presumed in part to be a result of neofascist techniques described in the book, had "proven Bertram Gross to be an amazingly astute prophet . [...] The evidence for this [in the book] is stunning".<ref name="AJLS-1980">{{cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Dennis |title=Book Review: Friendly Fascism: The new face of power in America by Bertram Gross |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUJlLawSoc/1982/11.pdf |date=1982 |journal=Australian Journal of Law & Society |volume=1 |number=1 |pages=136–140 |accessdate=September 20, 2018 }}</ref> According to a book review in the journal [[Social Justice (journal)|''Social Justice'']] by Gregory Shank of the Institute for the Study of Labor and Economic Crisis, "''Friendly Fascism'' [...] is written to alert readers to a clear and present danger in the current trajectory of [[American politics]]".<ref name="SJ-1981">{{cite journal |last=Shank |first=Gregory |title=Book Review: 'Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America' by Bertram Gross |date=1981 |journal=[[Social Justice (journal)|Social Justice]] |volume=15 |issue=15 |pages=71–79 |jstor=29766120 }}</ref>

More recently in 2016, the book prompted the following response from [[Michael Moore]] right after [[Donald Trump]] was elected President: "The next wave of fascists will not come with [[Stock car (rail)|cattle cars]] and [[Internment|concentration camps]], but they'll come with a [[Smiley|smiley face]] and maybe a [[Television show|TV show]]. [...] That’s how the 21st-century fascists will essentially take over".<ref name="HP-20161114">{{cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |authorlink=Matthew Jacobs |title=Michael Moore: Fascists Now Come With ‘A Smiley Face And Maybe A TV Show’ |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/michael-moore-donald-trump_us_5829c5bce4b02d21bbc97cab |date=November 14, 2016 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=September 19, 2018 }}</ref>

== Related history ==
Fascism has been perceived to be a last resort weapon of the privileged to ensure the maintenance of [[wage slavery]]: {{cquote|No government fights fascism to destroy it. When the [[bourgeoisie]] sees that power is slipping out of its hands, it brings up fascism to hold onto their privileges.|author=[[Buenaventura Durruti]]|source=quote from an interview with [[Pierre van Paassen]], July 24, 1936<ref name="TDS-19360805">{{cite web |last=Durruti |first=Buenaventura |authorlink=Buenaventura Durruti |title=Quote from an interview with Pierre van Paassen (July 24, 1936) |url=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti#Van_Paassen_interview_(1936) |date=August 5, 1936 |work=[[Toronto Daily Star]] |accessdate=September 19, 2018}}</ref>}}

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Anti-fascism]]
* [[Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals]]
* ''[[The Power Elite]]'', 1956 book
* [[Power (social and political)]]
* [[Presidency of Donald Trump]]
* "[[The Waldo Moment#Reception|The Waldo Moment]]", 2016 TV episode
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* C. W Mills (1958). [http://www.csub.edu/~akebede/SOC502Mills2.pdf "The Structure of Power in American Society"] (PDF). ''British Journal of Socoiology''. Vol. 9. No. 1.
* [http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm "The Doctrine of Fascism"]. Complete text of the essay "Dottrina" ("Doctrines"). A translation of the Benito Mussolini "Doctrines" section of the "Fascism" entry in the 1932 edition of the ''[[Enciclopedia Italiana]]''. From the publication ''Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions'' (1935) by [[Benito Mussolini]], Ardita Publishers, Rome. Footnote numbers inserted in the text and a footnote appendix (both not found in the 1932 encyclopedia article) are found in this 1935 publication. The footnotes contain excerpts from his speeches.
* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html "Benito Mussolini: What is Fascism?"].
* [https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000006154922/fascism-leaders-america-trump.html Video (05:02) - Fascism in the USA?] ([[The New York Times]]; October 15, 2018)

{{Fascism}}
{{portal bar|Business|Government|Politics|United States}}{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1980 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Anti-fascism]]
[[Category:Books about fascism]]
[[Category:Political concepts]]
[[Category:Political movements]]
[[Category:Power (social and political)| ]]
[[Category:Social concepts]]

Isaacs Sturm

2019-03-07T21:39:44Z

MainlyTwelve: Moving from Category:2000 books to Category:2000 non-fiction books using Cat-a-lot

{{infobox book | 
| name = Isaac's Storm
| image = Isaac'sStormCover.JPG
| caption = Cover
| author = [[Erik Larson (author)|Erik Larson]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United States
| language = English
| publisher = [[Random House]]
| release_date = 2000
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover]] and [[Paperback]])
| pages = 316
| isbn = 0-609-60233-0
| oclc =
}}
'''''Isaac's Storm: A Man, a Time, and the Deadliest Hurricane in History''''' is a 2000 [[The New York Times|''New York Times'']] [[The New York Times Best Seller list|bestseller]] by [[Erik Larson (author)|Erik Larson]] presented in a [[non-fiction]], [[novelist]]ic style. The book follows the events immediately preceding, during, and after the [[1900 Galveston hurricane]].

The book is set in turn-of-the-century [[Galveston, Texas]], a bustling port, placing a primary focus on the role of [[Isaac Cline]] in the hurricane's destruction of Galveston.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/|title = Isaac's Storm|date = |accessdate = March 3, 2015|website = Isaac's Storm|publisher = Random House, Inc.|last = |first = }}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The book opens with a restless [[Isaac Cline]] on the night of September 7, 1900, the eve of the [[1900 Galveston Hurricane]]’s landfall. Isaac, despite all of the meteorological signs saying otherwise, cannot shake the uneasy feeling that something is amiss. Larson follows this prologue with a look at the science of hurricanes and all of the unusual factors that may have led to the hurricane that season. The initial birth of the storm is described with Larson's speculation on hurricane formation. Larson follows the path of the storm up to Galveston, while also looking at the people of Galveston and the vitality of the city. The narrative is supported by the insertion of letters and telegrams surrounding the events of the storm. The [[meteorologist]]s of [[Cuba]] are shown to be very skilled in the art, but are completely ignored by the overconfident Weather Bureau and its meteorologists. The hurricane passes over Cuba, and the Cubans predict it to be heading towards Texas. The Weather Bureau, however, disagrees and believes that the storm will track towards Florida. Larson, meanwhile, looks at the lives of multiple Galveston residents on the eve of the storm, specifically Isaac Cline.<ref name=":0" />

A storm begins to roll in and the streets begin to flood, not an unusual occurrence, but conditions soon worsen and the water continues to rise. Suddenly, from the mainland's view, Galveston goes quiet with no news or telegrams reaching anyone. Meanwhile, in Galveston, the storm literally uproots half the island and kills thousands, leaving utter destruction for the surviving. Rumors swirl on the mainland, and soon the full extent of the horror is realized. The islanders are left to rebuild their ruined city. Isaac has lost his wife and doubts himself some. The islanders rebuild the island, raising it by several feet in the process, but the city was never to return to its former glory with nearby Houston taking over Galveston's position as the prominent port in Texas.<ref name=":0" />

== Isaac Cline ==
{{Main|Isaac Cline}}
Isaac Monroe Cline (1861 – 1955) was the chief meteorologist at the Galveston, Texas office of the U.S. Weather Bureau from 1889 to 1901. Cline played an important role in influencing the storm's later destruction by authoring an article for the ''[[Galveston Daily News]]'', in which he derided the idea of significant damage to Galveston from a [[hurricane]] as "a crazy idea". This article played a significant role in preventing the construction of a proposed [[seawall]] following the destruction of a competing port, [[Indianola, Texas|Indianola]], in the [[1886 Indianola hurricane]].<ref name=Larson>{{cite book|author=[[Erik Larson (author)|Larson, Erik]]|year=1999|title=Isaac's Storm|publisher=[[Random House]] Publishing|ISBN= 0-609-60233-0}}</ref>

Cline is credited during the 1900 hurricane with violating Weather Bureau policy and unilaterally issuing a hurricane warning; this warning, however, came too late to allow residents to evacuate the island. During the hurricane, Isaac went home to his pregnant wife, three daughters, and younger brother. There the Clines attempted to ride out the storm; however, the flood waters lifted the house and the family was separated for a time with Cline's wife, Cora, ultimately drowning.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.1900storm.com/isaaccline/|title = The 1900 Storm: Tragedy and Triumph|date = 2014|accessdate = March 26, 2015|website = The 1900 Storm|publisher = Galveston Newspapers Inc.|last = Lutz|first = Heidi}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[Louis J. Battan#The Louis J. Battan Author.27s Award|The Louis J. Battan Author's Award]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://eriklarsonbooks.com/about-the-author/|title = About the Author|date = |accessdate = March 6, 2015|website = Erik Larson|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/ Official Website]
* [http://eriklarsonbooks.com/ Author's Website]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/09/12/reviews/990912.12bolstet.html ''New York Times'' Book Review]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/books/reviews/isaacsstorm0919.htm Washington Post Book Review]
* [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/erik-larson/isaacs-storm/ Kirkus Review]

[[Category:2000 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Random House books]]
[[Category:Galveston Hurricane of 1900]]

Wikipedia:Enzyklopädie/AfroCrowd

2019-02-27T19:59:31Z

MainlyTwelve: removed Category:2015 establishments in New York (state); added Category:2015 establishments in New York City using HotCat

{{Short description|initiative that seeks to improve Wikipedia's coverage of black history and culture}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = AfroCrowd
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| logo_caption = Logo
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| formation = {{start date and age|2015}}
| founder = Alice Backer
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'''AfroCrowd''' (stylized as '''AfroCROWD''') is an initiative to create and improve information about black culture and history on [[Wikipedia]]. The New York City–based project was founded by Alice Backer in 2015.<ref name="Allum">{{cite web |url=http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/02/29/women-leading-movements-to-champion-equality-on-wikipedia/ |title=Women leading movements to champion equality on Wikipedia |last=Allum |first=Cynthia |date=February 29, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BSN">{{cite web |url=http://www.blackstarnews.com/money/economy/black-digital-empowerment-through-afrocrowd-workshops.html |title=Black Digital Empowerment Through AfroCROWD workshops |last=Delices |first=Patrick |website=Black Star News |access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

==Founding==
[[File:Alice Backer.jpg|thumb|right|Alice Backer in 2015]]

In 2015, lawyer Alice Backer founded AfroCROWD.<ref name="BSN" /> Backer launched AfroCROWD to, "rectify Wikipedia's lack of articles about black history and black culture."<ref name="Allum" /> According to Backer the aim of the project is to, "give people of color opportunities to do more than participate in and consume social media."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.colorlines.com/articles/can-black-wikipedia-take-black-twitter |title=Can 'Black Wikipedia' Take Off Like 'Black Twitter'? |last=Murphy |first=Carla |date=February 4, 2015 |website=[[ColorLines]] |access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

==Strategies and tactics==
AfroCROWD hosts edit-a-thons and talks across the metropolitan New York area.<ref name="Allum" /> They have partnered with other organizations such as the [[Haiti Cultural Exchange]] and [[Haitian Creole Language Institute]] to host these events.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://haitiantimes.com/2015/02/19/afrocrowd-owning-haitian-history-through-digital-empowerment/ |title=AfroCrowd: Owning Haitian History Through Digital Empowerment |last=Jean |first=Fabiola |date= February 19, 2015 |website=[[Haitian Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Afripedia Project]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/the-art-genome-project-why-are-all-the-black-artists-sitting-together-in-the-cafeteria |title=The Art Genome Project: Why Are All the Black Artists Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? |last1=Jene-Fagon |first1=Olivia |last2=Yoshi Tani |first2=Ellen |date=January 17, 2016 |website=[[Artsy (website)|Artsy]] |quote=Welcome to the Black Lunch Table: Jina Valentine and Heather Hart on Creating Space for Communities of Color in the Art World}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.good.is/articles/wikipedia-editors-diversity |title=How Activists Are Diversifying Wikipedia One Edit At A Time |last=Frisella |first=Emily |date=April 27, 2017 |website=[[Good Worldwide|GOOD Magazine]]}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|AfroCROWD}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Wikipedia}}
{{Portal bar|African American|African diaspora|New York City|New York|United States}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2015 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:African-American culture]]
[[Category:African-American history]]
[[Category:African-American history in New York City]]
[[Category:Organizations based in New York City]]
[[Category:Wikipedia]]

Benutzer:Shi Annan/Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park

2019-02-27T18:38:09Z

MainlyTwelve: removed Category:2012 establishments in New York (state); added Category:2012 establishments in New York City using HotCat

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park
| photo = File:FDR Four Freedoms Park.jpg
| photo_width = 275px
| photo_caption = View from the park toward Lower Manhattan
| type = [[State park]]
| location = [[Roosevelt Island]], [[Manhattan]], [[New York (state)|NY]]
| nearest_city =
| coords = {{coord|40|44|59|N|73|57|41|W|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|4|acre}}
| created = {{start date|2012|10|17}}
| owner = [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]
| operator = [[Four Freedoms Park Conservancy]]
| visitation_num =
| status = Open all year
| designation =
| open =
}}
The '''Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park''' is a {{convert|4|acre|adj=on|spell=in}} memorial to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] that celebrates the [[Four Freedoms]] he articulated in his 1941 [[State of the Union address]]. It is located adjacent to the historic [[Smallpox Hospital]] in [[New York City]] at the southernmost point of [[Roosevelt Island]], in the [[East River]] between [[Manhattan]] Island and [[Queens]]. It was designed by the architect [[Louis Kahn]].

==History==
{{multiple image
|align=left
|direction=vertical
|total_width=250
|image1=FDR Statue Roosevelt Island.JPG
|image2=Four Freedoms Park - FDR quote.jpg
|footer=Statue of FDR ''(top)'' and a quote from his Four Freedoms speech ''(bottom)''
}}
===Context===
President Roosevelt made his [[Four Freedoms]] speech to the [[United States Congress]] in 1941. The Four Freedoms speech has inspired and been incorporated in the [[Four Freedoms Monument]] in Florida, the [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial]] in Washington, D.C., and [[Norman Rockwell]]'s series of paintings called the [[Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell)|Four Freedoms]].

Roosevelt Island was named in honor of the former president in 1973, and the planners announced their intention to build a memorial to Roosevelt at the island's southern tip.<ref>[http://archweb.cooper.edu/exhibitions/kahn/history_01.html "Memorial Park Honoring Franklin D. Roosevelt,"] William J. vanden Heuvel, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute.</ref> In 2005, [[William J. vanden Heuvel]], a former U.N. ambassador and a founder of the [[Roosevelt Institute|Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute]], launched the effort to get the four-acre park built to Kahn's specifications, gathering more than $50 million in private and public funds.<ref name=vanity>{{cite news|last=Tyrnauer|first=Matt|title=Hyde Park on the East River|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/11/architecture-fdr-memorial-louis-i-kahn|accessdate=November 14, 2012|newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=October 19, 2012}}</ref> The [[Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute]] subsequently kept the project going over time.<ref>{{cite news |title=As No. 44 Arrives, a Park for No. 32? |first=Gregory |last=Beyer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/nyregion/thecity/25fdr.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 23, 2009 |accessdate=July 23, 2011}}</ref> Two foundations that became major donors, the Reed Foundation and the Alphawood Foundation, initiated a lawsuit against the corporation that managed the development of the memorial in a dispute over how their contributions should be acknowledged. The foundations said they were promised their names would appear close to the bust. Those responsible for the memorial's construction did not dispute that. Rather, vanden Heuvel said: "Yes, we have a contract that we believe is now a mistake. As we came to the spring of 2012, we understood that we had a work of art, and the forces that represent the artistic and cultural integrity of the project are concerned about preserving that work. The purity and integrity of the Kahn memorial is what made it so stunning."<ref>{{cite news|last=Foderaro|first=Lisa W.|title=A Monument to Roosevelt, on the Eve of Dedication, Is Mired in a Dispute With Donors|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/nyregion/fdr-monument-mired-in-a-legal-dispute-over-placement-of-donors-names.html?ref=nyregion|accessdate=October 16, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=October 15, 2012}}</ref>

===Construction and opening===
Louis Kahn was asked to design the monument in 1972. Four Freedoms Park is one of Kahn's last works.<ref name=Iovine>{{cite news |title=An Elegy for a Memorial, and for the Man Who Designed It |first=Julie V. |last=Iovine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/09/arts/design/09iovi.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 9, 2005 |accessdate=July 23, 2011}}</ref> He was carrying the finished designs with him when he died in 1974 in [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Pennsylvania Station]] in New York City.<ref name = "Roberts" >{{cite news |title=For a Roosevelt Memorial, a Groundbreaking 36 Years in the Making |first=Sam |last=Roberts |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04EFDF1438F936A25757C0A9669D8B63 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 15, 2010 |accessdate=July 23, 2011}}</ref> After Kahn's death, his designs were continued by Mitchell | Giurgola Architects, who kept to Kahn's original intentions.<ref name ="Mortice">{{cite news |title=Its Quiet Optimism Maintained, Louis Kahn's Roosevelt Island FDR Memorial Moves into Construction |first=Zach |last=Mortice |url=http://info.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek09/0814/0814d_fdrmemorial.cfm |work=AIArchitect |date=August 14, 2009 |accessdate=July 23, 2011}}</ref>

An exhibition at [[Cooper Union]] in 2005 brought additional attention and helped to advance the project.<ref name ="Cooper">[http://archweb.cooper.edu/exhibitions/kahn/index.html "Coming to Light: The Louis I. Kahn Monument to Franklin D. Roosevelt for New York City,"] 2005. Cooper Union.</ref> In 2006, ENYA (Emerging New York Architects) made the island's abandoned southern end the subject of one of its annual competitions. Groundbreaking took place in 2010.<ref name ="Nordhauser">{{cite news |title=Kahn's Four Freedoms Park Finally Breaks Ground |first=Alyssa |last=Nordhauser |url=http://archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=4816 |newspaper=The Architect's Newspaper |date=September 14, 2010 |accessdate=July 23, 2011}}</ref> However, the park was tied up in litigation during its construction.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/nyregion/fdr-monument-mired-in-a-legal-dispute-over-placement-of-donors-names.html?ref=nyregion "A Monument to Roosevelt, on the Eve of Dedication, Is Mired in a Dispute With Donors"], ''The New York Times'' on-line, October 16, 2012</ref>

The park was dedicated in a ceremony on October 17, 2012. [[Tom Brokaw]] served as master of ceremonies. Participants included former President [[Bill Clinton]], Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]], former Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]], and relatives of Roosevelt. Cuomo said that "New York became the laboratory of progressive democracy, and F.D.R. was the scientist creating formulas for a broad range of national problems and social ills." He praised vanden Heuvel as a "juggernaut of determination". Clinton noted the memorial's location: "As we look out on this bright new day, we are close to the [[Headquarters of the United Nations|U.N.]], which he, more than any other soul, created."<ref name=ded>{{cite news|last=Foderaro|first=Lisa W.|title=Dedicating Park to Roosevelt and His View of Freedom|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/18/nyregion/roosevelt-four-freedoms-park-is-dedicated.html|accessdate=November 14, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=October 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/decades-fdr-memorial-park-dedicated-nyc-150400725.html "Decades late, FDR memorial park dedicated in NYC"], Yahoo! News on-line, October 17, 2012</ref> Four Freedoms Park became a [[New York State Park]] when it opened to the public on October 24, 2012.<ref name=ded />

==Architecture==
[[File:FDR Four Freedoms Park New York October 2016 panorama.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Little-leaf linden allée]]
In a 1973 lecture at [[Pratt Institute]], Kahn said:<ref>Louis Kahn, "1973: Brooklyn, New York," ''[[Perspecta (journal)|Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal]]'', vol. 19 (1982)</ref>
{{quote|I had this thought that a memorial should be a room and a garden. That's all I had. Why did I want a room and a garden? I just chose it to be the point of departure. The garden is somehow a personal nature, a personal kind of control of nature. And the room was the beginning of architecture. I had this sense, you see, and the room wasn't just architecture, but was an extension of self.}}

The {{convert|4|acre|adj=on|spell=in}} park<ref name=RIoG_PS>{{cite book |title=2014 New York State Statistical Yearbook |url=http://www.rockinst.org/nys_statistics/2014/2014_Yearbook_Section_O.pdf |publisher=The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government |year=2014 |chapter=Section O: Environmental Conservation and Recreation, Table O-9 |page=672 |accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref> stands at the southernmost point of Roosevelt Island. Looking south, the visitor has a clear view of the [[United Nations building]]; to the north of the park is the [[Queensboro Bridge]], which spans the East River.<ref name=vanity /> Approaching from the north, the visitor passes between a double row of trees that narrow as they approach the point, framing views of the New York skyline and the harbor.<ref name=Iovine/> The memorial is a procession of elegant open-air spaces, culminating in a {{convert|3600|sqft|adj=on}} plaza surrounded by 28 blocks of North Carolina granite, each weighing 36 tons.<ref name=vanity /> The courtyard contains a bust of Roosevelt, sculpted in 1933 by [[Jo Davidson]].<ref name ="Mortice" />

At the point, the monument itself is a simplified, roofless version of a Greek temple in granite.<ref name=Iovine/> Excerpts from Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech are carved on the walls of this room-like space, which is open to the sky above.

The memorial is constructed entirely in [[Mount Airy, North Carolina|Mount Airy]] Granite sourced from the North Carolina Granite Corporation. Over {{convert|140000|cuft}} of Mount Airy Granite was used in the memorial's construction. In contrast with the hard granite forms, Kahn placed five [[Fagus sylvatica#Cultivation|copper-beech trees]] at the memorial's entrance and 120 [[Tilia cordata|little-leaf lindens]] in allées leading up to the monument.<ref name=vanity />

{{clear}}

{{wide image|Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park from Manhattan.png|960px|The park, as seen looking east from Manhattan Island}}

==See also==
* [[List of New York state parks]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist|30em}}

'''Further reading'''
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://archweb.cooper.edu/exhibitions/kahn/index.html Coming to Light: The Louis I. Kahn Monument to Franklin D. Roosevelt for New York City, an exhibition at Cooper Union. Essays and drawings]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/05/opinion/05mon4.html "A Roosevelt for Roosevelt Island" (editorial), ''New York Times'', November 5, 2007, ''New York Times'']
* [http://www.archpaper.com/e-board_rev.asp?News_ID=3614 Danielle Rago, "FRD Finally Comes Home," in ''The Architect's Newspaper'', June 26, 2009]
* [https://news.yahoo.com/decades-fdr-memorial-park-dedicated-nyc-150400725.html Ula Ilnytsky, "Decades late, FDR memorial park dedicated in NYC," October 18, 2009]
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{listen|title=State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941) |filename=FDR's 1941 State of the Union (Four Freedoms speech) Edit 1.ogg |description =[[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s January 6, 1941 [[State of the Union Address]] introducing the theme of the [[Four Freedoms]] (starting at 32:02)|image=}}
{{Commons category|Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park}}
* {{official website|http://www.fdrfourfreedomspark.org}}
* [http://www.fdr4freedoms.org FDR Four Freedoms Park digital education resource]
* [http://nysparks.com/parks/186/details.aspx NYS Parks website]
* [http://www.guiaturisticanuevayork.com/four-freedoms-park.php Four Freedoms Park (pictures and info in spanish)]

{{Protected areas of New York City}}
{{Protected areas of New York}}
{{Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

[[Category:Parks in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Four Freedoms]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States]]
[[Category:Roosevelt Island]]
[[Category:Louis Kahn buildings]]
[[Category:Headquarters of the United Nations]]
[[Category:State parks of New York (state)]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in New York City]]

Annemarie Jacir

2019-02-19T17:13:47Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:Hockaday School alumnae using HotCat

{{Infobox person
| name = Annemarie Jacir
| image = Palestinian actress Reem Abu Sbaih, Composer Kamran Rastegar, and Writer-Director Annemarie Jacir at Cannes International Film Festival 2003 for World Premiere of like twenty impossibles.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Palestinian actress Reem Abu Sbaih, Composer Kamran Rastegar, and Writer-Director Annemarie Jacir at Cannes International Film Festival 2003 for World Premiere of [[Like Twenty Impossibles|like twenty impossibles]]
| birthname =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation = director, actress, poet, screenwriter
| yearsactive = 2003–present
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| website = http://www.philistinefilms.com
}}
'''Annemarie Jacir''' ({{lang-ar|آن ماري جاسر}}) is a [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] filmmaker and poet.<ref>[http://imdb.com/name/nm1486975/ Annemarie Jacir at the IMDb]</ref>

==Career==

===Filmmaker===
She has been working in independent cinema since 1998 and has written, directed and produced a number of award-winning films including ''Until When'', ''A Few Crumbs for the Birds'', and ''a Post Oslo History''. She was named one of [[Filmmaker magazine]]'s 25 New Faces of Independent Cinema. Her short film, ''[[like twenty impossibles]]'' was the first Arab short film to ever be an official selection of the [[Cannes International Film Festival]] and went on to be a Student Academy Awards Finalist, winning more than 15 awards at International festivals including Best Film at the [[Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films]], [[Chicago International Film Festival]], Institute Du Monde Arabe Biennale, [[International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg|Mannheim-Heidelberg Film Festival]], and IFP/New York. ''like twenty impossibles'' was named one of the ten best films of 2003 by Gavin Smith of Film Comment Magazine (Editors Choice) is a fiction film which wryly questions artistic responsibility as a Palestinian film crew navigates various obstacles of the Israeli military occupation. In 2018, she returned to the [[Cannes Film Festival]], this time joining the [[Un Certain Regard]] Jury, presided by Puerto Rican/American actor [[Benicio del Toro]].

In 2007, Jacir shot the first feature film by a Palestinian woman director, ''[[Salt of this Sea]]'', the story of an American woman whose parents were Palestinian refugees, making her first visit to her family's homeland.<ref>[http://www.sansebastianfestival.com/2007/in3/n28.php San Sebastian Film Festival]</ref> The film, released in 2008, was Palestine's submission to the [[81st Academy Awards]] for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117992600.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=Oscar+foreign+film 'Salt' to be Palestinian Oscar entry] By Ian Mundell, [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]], Sep. 22, 2008</ref> and received many other awards and nominations including winning the Muhr Arab Award for Best Screenplay at the [[Dubai International Film Festival]],<ref>[https://dubaifilmfest.com/en/cast/1206/annemarie_jacir.html/ DIFF Annemarie Jacir]</ref> a Cinema in Motion award at the 55th [[San Sebastian International Film Festival]] <ref>[http://www.sansebastianfestival.com/in/pagina.php?ap=7&id=122/ Cinema In Motion Archive]</ref> and a [[FIPRESCI]] award.<ref>[http://bulbula.co.uk/annemarie-jacir/ Annemarie Jacir]</ref>

===Poetry===
Jacir’s poetry and stories have been published in numerous literary journals and anthologies, including Mizna, the Crab Orchard Review, and The Poetry of Arab Women: A Contemporary Anthology and she has read with poet [[Amiri Baraka]]. She has won several screenwriting awards and was a finalist for the Grand Prix du Meilleur Scenariste in Paris.<ref>[http://www.prix-scenariste.org/GPMS/accueil.html Grand Prix du Meilleur Scenariste] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129210431/http://www.prix-scenariste.org/GPMS/accueil.html |date=November 29, 2007 }}</ref>

===Curator===
She is chief curator and founder of the groundbreaking Dreams of a Nation Palestinian cinema project, dedicated to the promotion of Palestinian cinema.<ref>[http://www.versobooks.com/books/cdef/d-titles/dabashi_dreams_of_a_nation.shtml Dreams of a Nation Palestinian cinema] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230134517/http://www.versobooks.com/books/cdef/d-titles/dabashi_dreams_of_a_nation.shtml |date=December 30, 2007 }}</ref> In 2003, she organized and curated the largest traveling film festival in Palestine, which included the screening of archival Palestinian films from Revolution Cinema, screening for the first time on Palestinian soil. She has taught courses at Columbia University, Bethlehem University, [[Birzeit University]] and in refugee camps in Palestine and Lebanon. She works as a freelance editor and cinematographer as well as film curator. Jacir is a board member of Alwan for the Arts, a cultural organization devoted to North African and Middle Eastern art. She is a founding member of the Palestinian Filmmakers’ Collective, based in Palestine.

===Awards===
Her 2012 film ''[[When I Saw You (film)|When I Saw You]]'', which starred [[Saleh Bakri]], Ruba Blal and Mahmoud Asfa, won the NETPAC Critics Award for Best Asian Film at the [[63rd Berlin International Film Festival]] and was selected as the Palestinian entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Oscar]] at the [[85th Academy Awards]].<ref name="Oscars">{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118058782/ |title='When I Saw You' to be Palestinian Oscar entry |accessdate=11 September 2012 |date=6 September 2012 |work=Variety |publisher=Reed Business Information |last=Meza |first=Ed }}</ref>. Her 2017 film ''[[Wajib (film)|Wajib]]'', starred [[Saleh Bakri]] opposite his father, veteran actor [[Mohammad Bakri]]. It won them the Muhr Award for Best Actor together, and won Jacir the Muhr Award for Best Fiction Feature at the [[Dubai International Film Festival]] 2017. <ref name="Muhr">{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/festivals/annemarie-jacir-wajib-winner-dubai-festival-1202638946/ |title=Palestinian Annemarie Jacir’s ‘Wajib’ Wins Big at Dubai Festival |accessdate=13 December 2017 |date=13 December 2017 |work=Variety |publisher=Reed Business Information |last=Simon |first=Alissa }}</ref>.

==Filmography==
*[[Wajib (film)|Wajib]] (2017)
*[[When I Saw You (film)|When I Saw You]] (2012)
*[[Salt of this Sea]] (2008)
*An Explanation – And Then Burn the Ashes (2006)
*Quelques miettes pour les oiseaux (2005)
*[[Like Twenty Impossibles|like twenty impossibles]] (2003)
*The Satellite Shooters (2001)
*A Post Oslo History (2001)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Articles (partial list)==
*Farhat, Maymanah [http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article4705.shtml The Chicago Palestine Film Festival’s Evening of Shorts]
*Annemarie Jacir: [http://www.iran-bulletin.org/Art%20and%20Culture/DreamsofaNationProject.htm For Cultural Purposes Only], Dreams of a Nation, 2002
*Annemarie Jacir: [http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article6603.shtml Coming Home: Palestinian Cinema], 27 February 2007, The Electronic Intifada
*Rebecca Kemp: [https://web.archive.org/web/20071220015016/http://www.6degreesfilm.com/features.php?id=7 Palestine On Film], Interviews with Palestinian Filmmakers, Fall 2006
*Annemarie Kattan Jacir: [http://electronicIntifada.net/v2/article6041.shtml A Tale of Two Sisters: Witnessing an Undercover Israeli Operation in Ramallah (1)], 15 November 2006, [[The Electronic Intifada]]
*Brentjes, Rana: [http://www.dot2004.de/programm.php?abstract=71 The multiple layers of identity in Annemarie Jacir`s films], Deutscher Orientalistentag, 2003
*Annemarie Jacir: [http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2353&ed=149&edid=149 Letter from the editing room Paris], December 2007, This week in Palestine
*Annemarie Jacir: [http://deniedentry.wordpress.com/2008/05/01/another-denial-of-entry-for-a-film-maker/ Another denial of entry for a film-maker…], May 1, 2008, Denied Entry

==External links==
*[http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/mediaPlayer/9269.html Cannes Film Festival TV Interview] Cannes 2008
*[http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/56057.html Salt of this Sea Premiere] Cannes 2008
*Trigon: [http://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/saltofthissea Salt of this Sea Review]
*[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/22/palestinian.territories.cinema.challenges/index.html Palestinian filmmakers beat the odds to hit silver screen] April 22, 2009, [[CNN]]
* [http://imeu.net/news/article005739.shtml Annemarie Jacir: Artist and filmmaker at IMEU.net]
* [http://imeu.net/news/article0014155.shtml Rasha Salti: "Stranger than paradise"] The National, Sep. 9, 2008
* [http://imeu.net/news/article0014831.shtml Rasha Salti: "Palestinian filmmaker Annemarie Jacir shines at Cannes festival"], Nov. 16, 2008
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090203063838/http://www.philistinefilms.org/ Philistine Films / Annemarie Jacir]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/hawg/3523973347/in/photostream/ Annemarie Jacir, director of "Salt of this Sea," Tribeca Film Festival, May 2, 2009.]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacir, Annemarie}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Palestinian film directors]]
[[Category:Palestinian women film directors]]
[[Category:Palestinian women writers]]
[[Category:Palestinian poets]]
[[Category:Palestinian photographers]]
[[Category:People from Bethlehem]]
[[Category:University of Birzeit faculty]]
[[Category:Palestinian women poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Palestinian women writers]]
[[Category:Hockaday School alumnae]]

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:25:28Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:21st-century American politicians using HotCat

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{under construction}}
{{Infobox politician
| name =
| image =
| state = [[Iowa]]
| district = {{ushr|IA|3|3rd}}
| term_start = January 3, 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[David Young (Iowa politician)|David Young]]
|succeeding = [[David Young (Iowa politician)|David Young]]
| successor =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = [[University of Iowa]]<br>[[Northwestern University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| residence = [[West Des Moines]]
| occupation = small business owner
| website =
}}
'''Cindy Axne''' is an American businesswoman and politician from the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Iowa]].

Axne graduated from [[Valley High School (West Des Moines, Iowa)|Valley High School]] in [[West Des Moines, Iowa]]. She earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from the [[University of Iowa]] and a [[Master of Business Administration]] from [[Northwestern University]].<ref name=dmr/>

After graduating from college, Axne worked in leadership development and strategic planning for the [[Tribune Company]] in Chicago. From 2005 through 2014, she worked in the Iowa state government on service delivery in over 20 state agencies in the executive branch.<ref name=dmr/>

During the [[United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa, 2018|2018 elections]], Axne ran for the [[United States House of Representatives]] in {{ushr|IA|3}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omaha.com/news/politics/democrat-cindy-axne-looking-to-unseat-david-young-in-iowa/article_eab82cac-47c6-11e7-bc57-672b6b193ed9.html |title=Democrat Cindy Axne looking to unseat David Young in Iowa congressional race | Politics |publisher=omaha.com |date=June 2, 2017 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> Axne won the primary election and faced [[incumbent]] [[David Young (Iowa politician)|David Young]] in the general election. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/06/iowa-primary-2018-election-results-3rd-district-david-young-cindy-axne-eddie-mauro-pete-d-alessandro/647414002/ |title=Iowa's 3rd District: Cindy Axne wins primary, will vie against GOP Rep. David Young |publisher=Desmoinesregister.com |date= |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> She defeated Young and, along with [[Abby Finkenauer]], became the first woman from Iowa elected to the United States House of Representatives.

Axne and her husband, John, operate a digital design firm. They have two teenage sons and live in West Des Moines.<ref name=dmr>{{cite web|url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/01/cindy-axne-iowa-3rd-district-democrat-congress/568085002/ |title=Three takeaways on Cindy Axne, 3rd District Democrat running for Congress |publisher=Desmoinesregister.com |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> Axne and her family are members of Sacred Heart Catholic Church in West Des Moines.

==Electoral history==

{{Election box begin no change
| title = 2018 Democratic primary results<ref name="clarityelections.com">{{cite web|url=http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/IA/74912/Web02-state.203322/#/|title=Election Night Reporting|website=results.enr.clarityelections.com|accessdate=August 29, 2018}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Cindy Axne
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 32,070
| percentage = 57.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Eddie J. Mauro
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 14,582
| percentage = 26.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Pete D'Alessandro
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 8,595
| percentage = 15.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Write-ins
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 136
| percentage = 0.25
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 55,383
| percentage= 100
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{CongLinks|votesmart=179226}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Axne, Cindy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Iowa Democrats]]
[[Category:University of Iowa alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University alumni]]
[[Category:Candidates in United States elections, 2018]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa]]
[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:24:43Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa using HotCat

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:24:33Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives using HotCat

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:24:26Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:Candidates in United States elections, 2018 using HotCat

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:24:13Z

MainlyTwelve: removed Category:People from Ioawa using HotCat

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:24:07Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:People from Ioawa using HotCat

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:23:50Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:Northwestern University alumni using HotCat

Cindy Axne

2018-11-07T17:23:40Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:University of Iowa alumni using HotCat

Kelly Link

2018-10-04T19:36:34Z

MainlyTwelve: added Category:MacArthur Fellows using HotCat

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Kelly Link
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1969}}
| birth_place = [[Miami]], [[Florida]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kellylink.net/pretty-monsters-bio |title=About Kelly |publisher=Kelly Link |date= |accessdate=2013-05-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315010831/http://kellylink.net/pretty-monsters-bio |archivedate=2013-03-15 |df= }}</ref>
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = [[Writer]]
| nationality = United States
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]]
| period =
| genre = [[Fantasy literature|Fantasy]], [[Horror fiction|horror]]
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse = [[Gavin Grant (editor)|Gavin Grant]]
| partner =
| children = Ursula Annabel Link Grant.<ref name="smallbeer">{{cite news |last=Grant |first=Gavin |url= http://smallbeerpress.com/not-a-journal/2009/05/20/small-beer-little-baby/ |title=Small Beer, little baby
|work=Small Beer Press |date=2009-05-20 |accessdate=2011-08-12}}</ref>
| relatives =
| influences = [[M. R. James]], [[Eudora Welty]], [[Georgette Heyer]], [[Theodore Sturgeon]], [[Joan Aiken]], [[Carol Emshwiller]], [[Angela Carter]]
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Kelly Link''' (born 1969) is an American editor and author of [[short stories]].<ref>http://www.salon.com/2015/02/04/get_in_trouble_going_back_inside_the_weird_and_wonderful_world_of_kelly_link/{{cite web|author=Laura Miller |url=http://archive.salon.com/audio/col/mill/2001/11/19/kelly_link/index.html |title=An interview with Kelly Link - Salon.com |publisher=Archive.salon.com |date=2001-11-19 |accessdate=2013-05-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307164703/http://archive.salon.com/audio/col/mill/2001/11/19/kelly_link/index.html |archivedate=2008-03-07 |df= }}</ref> While some of her fiction falls more clearly within genre categories, many of her stories might be described as [[Slipstream (genre)|slipstream]] or [[magic realism]]: a combination of [[science fiction]], [[fantasy]], [[horror fiction|horror]], [[Mystery fiction|mystery]], and [[Realism (arts)|realism]]. Among other honors, she has won a [[Hugo award]], three [[Nebula awards]], and a [[World Fantasy Award]] for her fiction.

== Biography ==

Link is a graduate of [[Columbia University]] in New York and the MFA program of [[UNC Greensboro]]. In 1995, she attended the [[Clarion Workshop|Clarion East Writing Workshop]].

Link and husband [[Gavin Grant (editor)|Gavin Grant]] manage [[Small Beer Press]], based in [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]. The couple's imprint of Small Beer Press for intermediate readers is called Big Mouth House. They also co-edited [[St. Martin's Press]]'s ''[[Year's Best Fantasy and Horror]]'' anthology series with [[Ellen Datlow]] for five years, ending in 2008. (The couple inherited the "fantasy" side from [[Terri Windling]] in 2004.) Link was also the [[slush pile|slush]] reader for ''[[Sci Fiction]]'', edited by Datlow.

Link taught at [[Lenoir-Rhyne College]] in [[Hickory, North Carolina]], with the Visiting Writers Series for spring semester 2006. She has taught or visited at a number of schools and workshops including [[Bard College]], [[Annandale-on-Hudson, New York]]; [[Brookdale Community College]], [[Lincroft, New Jersey]]; the Imagination Workshop at [[Cleveland State University]]; New England Institute of Art & Communications, [[Brookline, Massachusetts]]; Clarion East at [[Michigan State University]]; Clarion West in [[Seattle, Washington]]; and [[Smith College]], near her home in Northampton. She has participated in the Juniper Summer Writing Institute at the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]'s [[MFA Program for Poets & Writers]].

==Awards==

* 2017 [[World Fantasy Convention|World Fantasy Award]] for contributions to the genre (nominee)

===Books===
* ''Get in Trouble'': 2016 [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Pulitzer Prize (fiction) finalist]].
* ''Pretty Monsters'': 2008 World Fantasy<ref>{{cite web|author=World Fantasy Convention |year=2010 |title=Award Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.worldfantasy.org/awards/awardslist.html/ |accessdate=4 Feb 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201074405/http://worldfantasy.org/awards/awardslist.html |archivedate=2010-12-01 |df= }}</ref> and Locus Award finalist.
* ''[[Magic for Beginners (anthology)|Magic for Beginners]]'': 2006 [[Locus Award]] for best short story collection
* ''Stranger Things Happen'': [[Salon.com|Salon]] [[Salon Book Awards|Book of the Year]], [[Village Voice]] favorite (available here [https://web.archive.org/web/20070220010942/http://www.lcrw.net/kellylink/sth/] as a free download, under a [[Creative Commons]] license)

===Selected stories (award winners)===
* “The Game of Smash and Recovery”: 2016 [[Theodore Sturgeon Award]] for Best Short Fiction
* “The Summer People”: 2011 [[Shirley Jackson Award]] for best [[Novella|Novelette]], 2013 [[O'Henry Prize|The O'Henry Prize Stories]]
* "Pretty Monsters": 2009 [[Locus Award]] for Best [[Novella]]
* "[[Magic for Beginners (novella)|Magic for Beginners]]": 2005 [[Nebula Award]] for Best [[Novella]]
* "[[The Faery Handbag]]": 2005 [[Hugo Award|Hugo]] and Nebula Award for Best [[Novella|Novelette]], [[Locus Award]] winner
* "Stone Animals": 2005 [[Best American Short Stories]]
* "Louise's Ghost": 2001 [[Nebula Award for Best Novelette]]
* "The Specialist's Hat": 1999 [[World Fantasy Award]]
* "Travels with the Snow Queen": 1997 [[James Tiptree, Jr. Award]]

==As author==
*''4 Stories ([[chapbook]])'', Small Beer Press, 2000
*''Stranger Things Happen'', Small Beer Press, 2001
*''Magic For Beginners'', Small Beer Press, 2005, reprinted by Harcourt, 2005
*''Catskin: a swaddled zine'', Jelly Ink Press, date unknown
*''Pretty Monsters: Stories'', Viking Juvenile, 2008
*''The Wrong Grave'', 2009
*''Get in Trouble: Stories'', Random House, 2015

==As editor==
*''Trampoline'' Small Beer Press, 2003
*''The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror'' volume 17– (with Ellen Datlow and Gavin J. Grant) St. Martin's Press, 2004–2008

In addition, Link and Grant have edited a semiannual [[small press]] fantasy magazine: ''[[Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet]]'' (or ''LCRW'') since 1997. An anthology, ''The Best of Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet'', was published by [[Del Rey Books]] in 2007.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Children and Young Adult Literature}}
*[http://www.kellylink.net/ Official website]
*[http://www.lcrw.net/lcrw/ Lady Churchill's Rosebud Wristlet]
*{{isfdb name|id=Kelly_Link|name=Kelly Link}}
*Kelly Link's [http://www.sfadb.com/Kelly_Link awards and nominations] at the Science Fiction Awards Database
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051125045740/http://www.fantasticmetropolis.com/i/va-link/ Essay] on Link's story "Lull" at [[Fantastic Metropolis]]
*[http://www.kcrw.com/cgi-bin/db/kcrw.pl?show_code=bw&air_date=1/5/06&tmplt_type=Show RealAudio Interview] from KCRW's Bookworm show
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404000859/http://www.apublicspace.org/issue1/link.shtml An excerpt from Origin Story] from the magazine ''[[A Public Space]]''
*[http://mainehumanities.org/podcasts/stonecoast.html Reading by Kelly from the Stonecoast MFA program's Winter 2008 residency]
{{James Tiptree, Jr. Award Winners}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Link, Kelly}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:American fantasy writers]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Magic realism writers]]
[[Category:American short story writers]]
[[Category:Hugo Award-winning writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nebula Award winners]]
[[Category:Print editors]]
[[Category:Writers from Northampton, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Women science fiction and fantasy writers]]
[[Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty]]
[[Category:American women short story writers]]
[[Category:American women novelists]]
[[Category:Chapbook writers]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina at Greensboro alumni]]
[[Category:Novelists from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Creative Commons-licensed authors]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]

Brand im brasilianischen Nationalmuseum

2018-09-03T21:44:45Z

MainlyTwelve: /* Status of collection */

{{Short description|2018 museum fire at Rio de Janeiro}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Current||current disaster|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox event
| title = National Museum of Brazil fire
| image = Fire at Museu Nacional 05.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_alt =
| caption = The National Museum of Brazil burning behind the statue of [[Pedro II of Brazil|Emperor Pedro II]]
| time = 19:00 [[Time in Brazil|local]]; 23:00 [[UTC]]
| duration =
| date = {{start date|2018|9|2}}
| venue = [[National Museum of Brazil]]
| location =
| coordinates = {{Coord|22|54|21|S|43|13|34|W|region:BRA_type=fire|display=inline,title}}
| also_known_as =
| type = Fire incident
| cause = Undetermined
| motive =
| target =
| notes =
| reported deaths = 0
| reported injuries = 0
}}

A large fire broke out at the [[Paço de São Cristóvão]], which houses the 200-year-old [[National Museum of Brazil]], in [[Rio de Janeiro]], on September 2, 2018, at around 19:30 [[Time in Brazil|local time]] (22:30 UTC September 2). Reaction to the [[list of destroyed heritage|cultural loss]] was swift, as the museum held over 20 million items; Brazil's president [[Michel Temer]] called the loss of the historical and cultural heritage "incalculable". The cause of the fire has yet to be determined. No injuries were reported.<ref name="200Years" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/02/world/americas/national-museum-brazil-fire.html|title=Fire Engulfs a Brazilian Museum, Threatening Hundreds of Years of History|last=Londoño|first=Ernesto|last2=Darlington|first2=Shasta|date=2 September 2018|website=[[The New York Times]]|dead-url=no|access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

== Background ==
{{Main|National Museum of Brazil}}
[[File:Museu Nacional do Brasil.JPG|thumb|The National Museum building in 2004.]]

The museum building, located at the [[Quinta da Boa Vista]] park, as the São Cristóvāo palace dates back to the early 19th century, when it was donated to the [[House of Braganza|Portuguese Royal family]] who renovated it into this grand building. After this, it was the residence of emperors [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]] and [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], until the country became a republic. The Museum then took over the location in 1892.<ref name="1bbckey">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45395774|title=Brazil museum fire: Treasures at risk|date=2018-09-03|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en-GB}}</ref>

With continuing budget cuts {{as of|2014|alt=since 2014}}, the museum did not receive the [[Brazilian real|R]]$520,000 per year necessary for its maintenance. In 2015, the museum closed temporarily when cleaning and security staff could not be paid. Repairs to a popular exhibit hall had to be crowdfunded, and by 2018 the maintenance budget had been cut by 90%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-museu-nacional-fire-rio-de-janeiro-natural-history/|title=Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum|date=2018-09-03|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

Preceding the fire, there were visible signs of decay, such as peeled walls and exposed wires.<ref name="Incêndio - Folha">{{Cite news|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2018/09/incendio-atinge-o-museu-nacional-na-quinta-da-boa-vista-no-rio.shtml|title=Incêndio atinge o Museu Nacional na Quinta da Boa Vista, no Rio. Mais antigo do país, museu tem 20 milhões de itens e apresentava problemas de manutenção|date=September 2, 2018|work=Folha de São Paulo|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire hit the National Museum, at the Quinta da Boa Vista, in Rio. The oldest in the country, the museum has 20 million items and had maintenance issues}}</ref> The museum celebrated its 200th anniversary in June 2018 amidst a situation of partial abandonment, with no state ministers attending.<ref name="200Years" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,incendio-atinge-museu-nacional-no-rio,70002484984|title=Incêndio atinge Museu Nacional, no Rio - Brasil|date=September 2, 2018|work=Estado de S.Paulo|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire hit the National Museum, in Rio - Brazil}}</ref>

The museum's vice-director, Luiz Fernando Dias Daniel, pointed to neglect by successive governments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/fire-at-brazil-national-museum-engulfs-200-year-old-building/a-45329013|title=Fire at Brazil National Museum engulfs 200-year-old building|date=2 September 2018|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|dead-url=no|access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2018/09/02/vice-diretor-do-museu-nacional-cita-descaso-de-varios-governos.ghtml|title=Vice-diretor do Museu Nacional cita 'descaso' de vários governos e que incêndio destruiu tudo|date=September 2, 2018|work=G1|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Vice-director of the National Museum cites 'neglect' of multiple governments and that the fire destroyed everything}}</ref> He said that the curators "fought with different governments [...] [f]or many years", wanting "to get adequate resources to preserve what is now completely destroyed”. He expressed that, in response, he is feeling "total dismay and immense anger".<ref name="200Years" />

At the time of the fire the collection held by the museum was counted to be over 20 million pieces that spanned over 11,000 years of international history.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/02/americas/brazil-national-museum-fire-intl/index.html|title=Inferno at Brazil's National Museum causes 'irreparable' damage and grief|last=CNN|first=Claudia Dominguez, Flora Charner and Holly Yan,|work=CNN|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

== Fire ==
[[File:Fire at Museu Nacional 04.jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of the museum fire lighting the night sky at the end of a long, dark street lined with vehicles at either side|The museum could be seen burning from far away.]]
Shortly after closing on September 2, 2018, a large fire broke out, reaching all three floors of the National Museum building.<ref name="bbc_first">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-45392668|title=Fire engulfs 200-year-old Brazil museum|last=|first=|date=September 2, 2018|website=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903005443/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-45392668|archive-date=September 2, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name="reuters_first">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-fire-museum/rios-200-year-old-national-museum-hit-by-massive-fire-idUSKCN1LJ00L|title=Rio's 200-year old National Museum hit by massive fire|last=|first=|date=September 2, 2018|website=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903003435/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-fire-museum/rios-200-year-old-national-museum-hit-by-massive-fire-idUSKCN1LJ00L|archive-date=September 2, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Incêndio - G1">{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2018/09/02/incendio-atinge-a-quinta-da-boa-vista-rio.ghtml|title=Incêndio de grandes proporções atinge o Museu Nacional, na Quinta da Boa Vista. Ainda não há informações sobre feridos ou sobre as causas do fogo, que começou após o fechamento do museu a visitantes. Instituição criada por Dom João VI tem 200 anos de história.|date=September 2, 2018|work=G1|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire of great proportions hit the National Museum, at Quinta da Boa Vista. There are still no information on injured or the causes of the fire, that began soon after the closing of the museum to visitors. Institution created by Dom João VI has 200 years of history.}}</ref> Firefighters were called at 19:30 local time,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/incendio-destroi-predio-do-museu-nacional-no-rio-de-janeiro/|title=Incêndio destrói prédio do Museu Nacional no Rio de Janeiro|date=September 2, 2018|work=VEJA.com|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire destroys building of the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro}}</ref> arriving quickly at the scene.<ref name=":2" /> However, the fire chief reported that the two [[Fire hydrant|fire hydrants]] closest to the museum had no water and trucks had to be sent to a nearby lake.<ref name=":7" />

A spokesman for the fire department told media that the fire crews went inside the burning building, despite there being no people inside, in order to rescue artifacts. Being aided by museum staff, they "were able to remove a lot of things from inside".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/03/brazil-fire-firefighters-try-to-save-relics-at-rio-museum.html|title=Firefighters try to save relics as fire engulfs Rio museum|website=CNBC|accessdate=September 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-45392966|title=In pictures: Brazil national museum in flames|website=BBC|accessdate=September 3, 2018}}</ref>

The fire was out of control by 21:00 (00:00 UTC September 3), with great flames and occasional explosions,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/brasil/cidades/incendio-atinge-museu-nacional-no-rio,67b952818be2a47677b2bb6dab5559bfa63ih1tb.html|title=Incêndio atinge Museu Nacional, no Rio|date=September 2, 2018|work=Terra Online|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire hit the National Museum, in Rio}}</ref> being fought by firefighters from four sectors.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/noticia/2018-09/incendio-no-museu-nacional-destroi-colecoes-e-exposicoes|title=Incêndio no Museu Nacional destrói coleções e exposições|date=September 2, 2018|work=Agência Brasil|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire in the National Museum destroys collections and expositions}}</ref> Dozens of people went to [[Quinta da Boa Vista]] to see the fire.<ref name=":2" /> A specialized team of firefighters entered the building at 21:15 to try to block areas still not hit by the flames, and to evaluate the extent of the damage.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://istoe.com.br/parte-do-teto-do-museu-nacional-ja-desabou-com-incendio/|title=Parte do teto do Museu Nacional já desabou com incêndio|date=September 2, 2018|work=ISTOÉ Independente|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Part of the ceiling of the National Museum has already fallen due to the fire}}</ref> However, by 21:30, the whole building had been engulfed by the fire, including exhibitions of Imperial rooms that were in the two areas at the front of the main building. The four security guards who were on duty at the museum managed to escape; there have been no reports of casualties.<ref name=":3" />

Firefighters of three sectors were fighting the fire by 21:45. Two [[fire engine]]s with [[turntable ladder]]s were being used, with two water trucks taking turns to supply water.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/03/fire-engulfs-brazil-national-museum-rio|title=Brazil museum fire: ‘incalculable’ loss as 200-year-old Rio institution gutted|last=Phillips|first=Dom|date=2018-09-03|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

At 22:00 (01:00 UTC September 3), dozens of museum employees joined in the fight against the flames. Two floors of the building were already destroyed by this time, and the roof had collapsed. According to Edson Vargas da Silva, a librarian and an employee for 43 years at the museum, said at the scene that "[t]here is too much paper, the wood floor, too many things that burn quickly."<ref name=":1" />

== Status of collection ==
An assessment of what has been destroyed is yet to be completed, as the fire was too intense, and there was the risk of explosions.<ref name=":3" /> Pictures on social media showed artifacts being rescued from the burning building.<ref name="Guidoti">{{cite web |last1=Guidoti |first1=Marcus |title=Some people, probably scientists and students, trying to save what they can before the fire take over their part of the building. |url=https://twitter.com/marcusguidoti/status/1036452162946117632 |website=Twitter |accessdate=3 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> A spokesman for the fire department reported that pieces had been recovered from the blaze, due to efforts from firefighters and workers from the museum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fire-national-museum-brazil-rio-de-janeiro-today-2018-09-02/|title="Cultural tragedy": Massive inferno engulfs 200-year-old museum in Brazil|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en}}</ref> [[Preservation (library and archival science)|Preservation]] director of the museum João Carlos Nara told reporters that "[v]ery little will be left" and that they would "have to wait until the firefighters have completed their work here in order to really assess the [scale] of it all."<ref name=":6" />

A portion of the museum's collection is housed elsewhere and has not been affected. The [[Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden]], located very close to the National Museum, was not damaged. The fire consumed all that was being exhibited and remained in the museum, though.<ref name=":1" /> Despite this, the [[Bendegó meteorite]], the biggest [[iron meteorite]] ever found in Brazil, sustained no major damage. The [[National Geographic Society]] explained that being such a "large, metallic rock" is what saved it from damage, as these qualities make it fire-resistant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bendegó: el meteorito que resistió las llamas del incendio del Museo Nacional de Brasil |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/ciencia-y-tecnologia/ciencia/2018/09/03/bendego-el-meteorito-que-se-resistio-las-llamas-del-incendio-del-museo-nacional-de-brasil.shtml |website=BioBioChile - La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile |accessdate=3 September 2018 |language=es-LA |date=3 September 2018}}</ref>

Information about condition of pieces that had been displayed started being reported as early as late September 2, when a member of the [[Parliament of Catalonia|Catalan Parliament]] began to share images of items. One of these was a Roman [[fresco]] from [[Pompeii]] that had survived the [[eruption of Vesuvius]], which was lost in the fire.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-03/brazil-museum-fire-destroys-collection/10195034|title=Priceless Roman fresco, artefacts destroyed in Rio de Janeiro museum fire|date=2018-09-03|work=ABC News|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en-AU}}</ref>

The [[BBC]] quickly compiled a list of some of the most prized treasures housed at the museum, including the remains of [[Luzia Woman]], the [[Bendegó meteorite]], the mounted fossil of [[Maxakalisaurus]], and the museum's collection of Pompeii frescos; the building itself was listed as number 6, noting the neoclassical elements, its colonial history and the Portuguese royal family's personal extension, and then imperial history after independence.<ref name="1bbckey"/>

There was a large scientific library within the museum, containing thousands of rare works. ''[[The Guardian]]'' reports that people on social media were finding burnt pages from the library in the nearby streets.<ref name="1guardart"/>

<gallery>
File:Esqueleto de Luzia 01.jpg| [[Luzia Woman]]
File:MaxakalisaurusTopai Rec.jpg| [[Maxakalisaurus]]
File:Afresco de Pompéia 02.jpg|Pompeii fresco
File:Afresco de Pompéia 03.jpg|Pompeii fresco
File:Museu Nacional - UFRJ - Detalhe Teto.jpg|Historic artwork of the interior
</gallery>

== Reactions ==
[[File:Ato em frente ao Museu Nacional 2.jpg|thumb|A group of Brazilians outside the museum the day after the fire]]
Brazil's president, [[Michel Temer]], said that "[t]he loss of the National Museum is incalculable for Brazil. Today is a tragic day for our country's museology. Two hundred years of work, research and knowledge were lost. The value of our history cannot be measured now, due to the damage to the building that housed the Royal Family during the Empire. It is a sad day for all Brazilians."<ref name="200Years">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/03/fire-engulfs-brazil-national-museum-rio|title='200 years of knowledge lost': fire engulfs Brazil's national museum|last=Phillips|first=Dom|date=September 3, 2018|website=The Guardian|dead-url=no|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="reperc_g1">{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2018/09/02/incendio-no-museu-nacional-veja-a-repercussao.ghtml|title=Incêndio no Museu Nacional: veja a repercussão|date=September 2, 2018|work=G1|access-date=September 2, 2018|language=pt|trans-title=Fire in the National Museum: see the repercussion}}</ref> His statement was echoed by [[Rio de Janeiro|Rio]] Mayor [[Marcelo Crivella]], who called for rebuilding stating: "It's a national obligation to reconstruct it from the ashes, recompose every detail of the paintings and photos. Even if they are not original, they will continue to be a reminder of the royal family that gave us independence, the [[Empire of Brazil|empire]] and the first [[Constitution of Brazil|constitution]] and national unity".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-rio-museum-fire-20180903-story.html|title=Firefighters try to rescue relics and finger-pointing begins after massive fire engulfs famed Rio museum|last=Press|first=Associated|website=latimes.com|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>

Brazilian environmentalist and politician [[Marina Silva]] called the fire "a lobotomy of the Brazilian memory".<ref name="200Years" />

=== Museums ===
The president of the [[National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage]], Kátia Bogéa, said that "[i]t's a national and worldwide tragedy. Everybody can see that this is not a loss for the Brazilian people, but for the whole humanity" and commented that it was "a predictable tragedy, because we've known for a long that Brazilian cultural heritage has no budget".<ref name="reperc_g1"/>

Museums around the world sent their condolences. In the UK, the [[British Library]] said "[o]ur hearts go out to the staff and users of [the National Museum] of Brazil" and called the fire "[a] reminder of the fragility and preciousness of our shared global heritage",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/britishlibrary/status/1036551949578129408|title=Our hearts go out to the staff and users of @MuseuNacional of Brazil. A reminder of the fragility and preciousness of our shared global heritage #MuseuNacional|publisher=British Library|website=Twitter |accessdate=3 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> London's [[Natural History Museum]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/NHM_London/status/1036532209090539521|title=NaturalHistoryMuseum on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en}}</ref> the [[Oxford University Museum of Natural History]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/morethanadodo/status/1036608947468283910|title=MuseumNaturalHistory on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en}}</ref> and the [[Smithsonian Institution]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsdesk.si.edu/releases/smithsonian-statement-fire-national-museum-brazil|title=Smithsonian Statement on the Fire at the National Museum of Brazil - Newsdesk|website=newsdesk.si.edu|accessdate=September 3, 2018}}</ref> sending their thoughts.

===Indigenous peoples===
The museum held a "priceless collection" of indigenous artifacts from the country's pre-Columbian era, which comprised about 1,800 items from Indo-American culture. The items include many indigenous peoples' remains as well as relics amassed in the personal collection of Pedro II.<ref name="1bbckey"/><ref name="1guardart">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/03/brazils-national-museum-what-could-be-lost-in-the-fire|title=Brazil's national museum: What could be lost in the fire?|website=The Guardian|accessdate=September 3, 2018}}</ref>

This collection also featured items from present native tribes, including "striking feather art by the [[Karajá]]s ''([[sic]])'' people". There are only about 3,000 Karajá people left.<ref name="1guardart"/>

After the fire, indigenous peoples immediately began protesting outside the museum, criticising that "the museum containing their most precious artefacts has burned down", noting that there was no money given to a museum with indigenous history but "the city had recently managed to find a huge budget to build a brand new museum of tomorrow".<ref name="200Years" />

==See also==
* [[List of destroyed heritage]]
* [[List of destroyed libraries]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|2018 fire at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro|National Museum of Brazil fire}}
{{Portal bar|Fire|Disasters|2010s|Brazil}}

[[Category:2018 disasters in Brazil]]
[[Category:2018 fires]]
[[Category:Building and structure fires]]
[[Category:Fires in Brazil]]
[[Category:September 2018 events in South America]]
[[Category:Museums in Brazil]]
[[Category:Destroyed landmarks]]
[[Category:National Museum of Brazil]]

Philadelphia-Pennsylvania-Tempel

2017-11-24T20:25:56Z

MainlyTwelve:

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{ LDS Temple/Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple |format= Infobox LDS Temple }}

The '''Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple''' is a [[Temple (LDS Church)|temple]] of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church) in the [[Logan Square, Philadelphia|Logan Square]] neighborhood of [[Philadelphia]]. Completed in 2016, the intent to construct the temple was announced on October 4, 2008, during the church's 178th Semiannual [[General Conference (LDS Church)|General Conference]] by LDS Church [[President of the Church (LDS Church)|president]] [[Thomas S. Monson]].<ref>{{citation |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700264138/Rome-LDS-temple-four-others-announced.html |newspaper= [[Deseret News]] |date= October 4, 2008 |first= James M |last= Dougherty |title= Rome LDS temple, four others announced |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}</ref> The temple is the church's first in the state of [[Pennsylvania]], and the first temple between [[Washington D.C. Temple|Washington, D.C.]] and [[Manhattan New York Temple|New York City]].<ref name=McCrystal>{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-02-14/news/47308235_1_mormon-church-meetinghouse-north-philadelphia|title=Mormons to build 32-story tower near Center City|last=McCrystal|first=Laura|date=February 14, 2014|publisher=Philly.com|accessdate=January 10, 2016}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Philadelphia Temple Site by US Geological Survey (cropped).jpg|thumb|Location of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple as found on US Geological Survey map]]

On November 19, 2009, the church announced that the temple would be built on Vine Street in downtown Philadelphia, directly northeast of [[Logan Circle (Philadelphia)|Logan Circle]].<ref>{{citation |chapter-url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/news-releases-stories/philadelphia-pennsylvania-temple-site-announced |chapter= Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple Site Announced |title= News Story |url= http://www.Newsroom.org |publisher= LDS Church |date= November 19, 2009 |accessdate= November 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Jamshid |title= Downtown site for Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple |last= Askar |date= November 27, 2009 |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/58264/Downtown-site-for-Philadelphia-Pennsylvania-Temple.html |newspaper= [[Church News]] |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Jason |last= Swensen |date= December 11, 2010 |title= Church buys land for Philadelphia temple |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/60230/Church-buys-land-for-Philadelphia-temple.html |newspaper= Church News |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}</ref> This location places the temple in the immediate vicinity of several prominent Philadelphia landmarks, and immediately across the street from the [[Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Philadelphia|Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul]], head church of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia|Archdiocese of Philadelphia]].

Ground was broken for the temple on September 17, 2011. Local community leaders were present for the ceremonies which were presided over by [[Henry B. Eyring]], First Counselor in the church's [[First Presidency (LDS Church)|First Presidency]].<ref>{{citation |chapter-url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/church-breaks-ground-philadelphia-pennsylvania-trujillo-peru-temples |chapter= Church Breaks Ground for Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Trujillo Peru Temples |title= News Release |url= http://www.Newsroom.org |publisher= LDS Church |date= September 17, 2011 |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url= http://articles.philly.com/2011-09-18/news/30172242_1_mormon-leaders-first-mormon-temple-church-of-jesus-christ |title= Construction to begin on Philadelphia's Mormon temple |first= David |last= O'Reilly |newspaper= [[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date= September 18, 2011 |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}.</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Celeste Tholen |last= Rosenlof |date= September 18, 2011 |title= LDS Church breaks ground for first temple in Pennsylvania |url= http://www.ksl.com/?sid=17299694&nid=1016 |publisher= ''[[KSL-TV|KSL]].com'' |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Laurie Williams |last= Sowby |date= September 20, 2011 |title= President Eyring returns home for Philadelphia Temple groundbreaking |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/61449/President-Eyring-returns-home-for-Philadelphia-Temple-groundbreaking.html |newspaper= Church News |accessdate= November 5, 2012 }}</ref> By July 2012, no significant work had begun on the temple as a contractor had not been found to remove the existing parking lot and start the below ground excavation for the two-level parking garage.<ref>[http://articles.philly.com/2012-07-26/news/32849315_1_million-temple-philadelphia-s-mormon-philadelphia-temple "Fall groundbreaking expected for Philadelphia's Mormon temple" David O'Reilly, ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', July 26, 2012]</ref> In November 2012, the Philadelphia Art Commission granted final approval for the temple design, despite some members feeling the building was too similar to other buildings in the vicinity in its appearance.<ref>[http://planphilly.com/articles/2012/11/08/art-commission-grants-final-approval-mormon-temple ''Plan Philly'', Nov. 8, 2012]</ref> Most of the parking lot on the temple site had been removed by February 2013, and by May 2 that year, the underground digging for the building of the temple had been completed. The building was framed to its full height by August 2014.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865609269/Temple-rises-in-Philadelphia.html August 23, 2014 ''LDS Church News'' article on progress on the Philadelphia Temple]</ref>

==Design and complex==

The temple architect is B. Jeffrey Stebar of the Atlanta office of [[Perkins+Will]], a [[Latter-day Saint]] who has served as a [[Bishop (LDS Church)|bishop]] and member of a [[stake presidency]].{{cn|date=February 2016}}

City and church officials announced in February 2014 that a [[meetinghouse]] and a 32-story residential building will be built on a lot adjacent to the temple site, at [[1601 Vine Street]]. The residential structure and meetinghouse were designed by Paul L. Whalen of [[Robert A. M. Stern|RAMSA]]. The meetinghouse will serve approximately 1,000 of the 25,000 Latter-day Saints in the Philadelphia area and will include a family history center. The residential building is anticipated to include 258 apartments and 13 townhouses, along with retail space, and be subject to regular, applicable taxes.<ref name=McCrystal/>

==Open house and dedication==
A public open house was held from August 10 through September 9, 2016, excluding Sundays. According to the church, approximately 140,000 visitors attended the open house.<ref name="Dedication" /> A youth cultural celebration, which recognized the heritage of the region through song, dance, and narration, was held on September 17.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple|url=http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/philadelphia/|website=LDSChurchTemples.com|accessdate=5/26/16}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/open-house-dedication-dates-sapporo-frieberg-philadelphia|title= The First Presidency Announces Open House and Dedication Dates for Three Temples: Temples to open in Sapporo, Japan, Freiberg, Germany, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= January 21, 2016 }}</ref> Like the groundbreaking in 2011, the cultural celebration occurred on the anniversary of the signing of the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]]. The temple was formally dedicated by Eyring on September 18, 2016.<ref name="Dedication" /><ref>{{citation |url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/philadelphia-pennsylvania-temple-dedicated |title= Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple Is Dedicated as Church’s 152nd: President Henry B. Eyring of the First Presidency dedicates |work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= September 18, 2016 }}</ref>

==Reception==
In 2016, [[Inga Saffron]], architecture critic for ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', called the temple "the most radical work of architecture built in Philadelphia in a half-century ... because it dares to be so out of step with today's design sensibilities and our bottom-line culture." Estimating its cost as more than $100 million, she wrote that "The Mormon Temple is the real classical deal" and "a bold incursion into the hierarchical fabric of Philadelphia". Saffron praised the interior woodwork as "exceptional" and approved of the exterior replicating the nearby Family Court building, "the last truly satisfying neoclassical design". She criticized the decision to put the front door on 17th Street, stating that the temple "turns its back on Logan Square. It occupies this important civic space without being a real participant". Saffron also disliked the design of the LDS chapel next door, describing the [[Robert A. M. Stern]]-designed building as "strange ... a squashed cupcake with a giant candle stuck on top", with a "baffling" drainage ditch on Vine Street.<ref name="saffron20160802">{{cite news | url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/inga_saffron/20160802_Mormon_Temple__Radical_conservative_upstart.html?photo_3 | title=Changing Skyline: Mormon Temple: Radical conservative upstart | work=The Philadelphia Inquirer | date=August 2, 2016 | accessdate=August 2, 2016 | author=Saffron, Inga}}</ref>

In 2017, the temple won the Excellence in Craftsmanship award from the General Building Contractors Association.<ref name="gbca20171115">{{Cite web |url=https://gbca.com/blog/2017-construction-excellence-awards-congratulations-winners |title=2017 Construction Excellence Awards: Congratulations to the Winners! |last=Tosti |first=Lauren |date=2017-11-15 |publisher=General Building Contractors Association}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wikipedia books
|1=Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
}}
{{Portal|LDS Church}}
* [[Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
* [[List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
* [[List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region]]
* [[Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)]]
* [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Pennsylvania]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commonscategory|Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple}}
* [http://www.lds.org/church/temples/philadelphia-pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple] (official)
* [http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/philadelphia/ Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple] at LDSChurchTemples.com

{{List LDS Temple USA East}}

[[Category:2016 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:2016 in Christianity]]
[[Category:21st-century Latter Day Saint temples]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint movement in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Temples (LDS Church) in the United States]]
[[Category:Logan Square, Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Places of worship in Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Religious buildings completed in 2016]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-24T18:33:05Z

MainlyTwelve: space

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image = Vaxxed poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor = Cinema Libre Studio
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film which critics call an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> about the alleged cover up by the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) of a purported link between [[MMR vaccine controversy|the MMR vaccine and autism]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news |url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ |title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously? |author=June, Laura |date=March 22, 2016 |work=[[New York Magazine]] |accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web |title=About Vaxxed |url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com/#about |website=Vaxxed the movie - Official website |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it an anti-vaccine [[propaganda film]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401 |title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review) |last=Kohn |first=Eric |date=April 1, 2016 |website=[[Indiewire]] |access-date=April 3, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentarer/Robert-De-Niro-har-gjort-seg-til-vaksinemotstandernes-nyttige-idiot--Ingeborg-Senneset-8407950.html |title=Robert De Niro har gjort seg til vaksinemotstandernes nyttige idiot |author=Senneset, Ingeborg |date=March 28, 2016 |work=[[:no:Aftenposten|Aftenposten (Norway)]] |accessdate=April 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kavinsenapathy/2016/03/28/no-andrew-wakefield-youre-not-being-censored-and-you-dont-deserve-due-process/#7cf2b545225d |title=No Andrew Wakefield, You're Not Being Censored And You Don't Deserve Due Process |author=Senapathy, Kavin |date=March 28, 2016 |work=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=April 22, 2016}}</ref> with surgical oncologist [[David Gorski]] describing it as a "propaganda film by a known scientific fraud."<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web |url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/ |title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival |date=March 25, 2016 |website=Respectful Insolence |author=Gorski, David (Orac) |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name="wsj">{{cite news |url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952 |title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction |date=February 3, 2010 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=April 4, 2016 |subscription=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/ |title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to |date=April 1, 2016 |work=Stat News |author=Robins, Rebecca |accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule |title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule |last=Rosen |first=Christopher |date=March 26, 2016 |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |accessdate=March 26, 2016 }}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite news |url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro |title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary |last=Alessandra |first=Potenza |date=March 25, 2016 |work=[[The Verge]] |accessdate=March 26, 2016 }}</ref>

==Background==
{{further2|[[MMR vaccine controversy]]}}
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html |title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival |last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena |date=March 25, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 25, 2016 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html |title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED] |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael |date=March 25, 2016 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref> A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy#Full retraction and fraud allegations|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|date=February 2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref> Wakefield went on to become a leader in the anti-vaccination movement that his discredited study helped create.<ref>Melena Ruzikmarch for the New York Times. March 30, 2016 [http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/31/movies/pulled-from-tribeca-film-festival-vaccination-film-vaxxed-will-run-in-theater.html Pulled From Festival, Anti-Vaccination Film Will Run in Theater]</ref>

Del Bigtree, a producer of ''Vaxxed'', was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with this warning about the shows: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346| journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

The movie was produced by Autism Media Channel,<ref name=VarietyPickedUp/> of which Wakefield is a director.<ref name="hannaford">{{cite news |author=Hannaford, Alex |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 2, 2013 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/apr/06/what-happened-man-mmr-panic |title=Andrew Wakefield: autism inc |accessdate=April 4, 2016}}</ref>

==Narrative==
[[Image:CDC Vaccine Information Statement for MMR Vaccine.pdf|thumb|right|CDC Info Statement for MMR Vaccine, 2012 - Challenged in film.]]

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" narrative that is based on anti-vaccination activist<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> and associate professor [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]]'s paper describing claims by senior CDC scientist William Thompson that he and his co-authors had omitted mention of a correlation they found between vaccination and autism in African-American boys in a CDC study. Thompson's claimed correlations are reported likely to be biologically implausible and probably spurious.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp |title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys. |date=February 3, 2015 |work=[[Snopes]] |accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains edited excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960 |title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review |author=Scheck, Frank |date=April 1, 2016 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> Hooker's 2014 paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions"<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web |url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/ |title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation |date=August 27, 2014 |work=[[Retraction Watch]] |accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news |url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/ |title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study |author=Park, Alice |date=August 29, 2014 |work=[[Time (magazine)]] |accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> and in 2015 the CDC had confirmed that any such initial correlation had ceased to exist once they performed a more in-depth analysis of the children in the study.<ref name="M-D">{{cite news |url=http://www.medicaldaily.com/vaxxed-andrew-wakefield-anti-vaccination-380555 |title=Controversial Documentary 'Vaxxed' Premiered In NYC This Weekend; We Decided To See It |work=[[Medical Daily]] |last=Cara, Ed |date=April 4, 2016 |accessdate=April 4, 2016}}</ref>

These sometimes spliced-together<ref name="M-D" /> unauthorized phone recordings of Thompson, according to the ''[[Houston Press]]'', form the "crux of the entire movie... And...that’s it".<ref name="HoustonPress" /> On the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at [[Columbia University Medical Center]], said the film-makers "were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case".<ref name="LaRussa" />

==Reception==
{{Quote box
|quote ="In his film debut, Wakefield has cast himself as the victim of a massive conspiracy to hide the truth... What drove Wakefield from being a respected researcher to a conspiracy theorist?"'|source=[[Paul Offit]] in ''[[Hollywood Reporter]]''.<ref name=HRoffit>{{cite news |title=Anti-Vaccine Doc 'Vaxxed': A Doctor's Film Review |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/anti-vaccine-doc-vaxxed-a-882651 |work=[[Hollywood Reporter]] |date=April 11, 2016 |author=Offit, Paul |accessdate=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
|width = 30%
|align = right
}}

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella}}</ref>}}

A review by the health and science news-site ''[[Medical Daily]]'' states: {{quotation|[''Vaxxed''] doesn’t care about convincing its audience with evidence. Instead, Wakefield, Hooker, and producer Del Bigtree run the viewer through a well-trod gauntlet of emotional pleas, context-free statistics ... and shadowy conspiracies, with Bigtree claiming that "all of television" has been bought out by the pharmaceutical industry.|Ed Cara, the ''Medical Daily''<ref name="M-D"/>}}

Independent film news-site ''[[Indiewire]]'' concludes the film pushes an outrageous agenda, and says: {{quotation|Wakefield's by-the-numbers approach to didactic storytelling relies on tons of random factoids positioned out of context to drive home his agenda. An end credit declares that "every seven minutes, a child in the U.S. is diagnosed with autism," the kind of tenuous data set that passes for hard evidence in Wakefield's bizarro universe.|Eric Kohn, ''Indiewire''<ref name=":5"/>}}

The film's review in [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'']] magazine describes it as a "slickly produced but scientifically dubious hodgepodge of free-floating paranoia" and warns of its: {{quotation|anti-Big Pharma conspiracy mongering ... [which] too often resembles the kind of one-sided, paranoia-stoking agitprop that political activists construct to sanctify true believers and assault infidels. [''Vaxxed''] should be taken with several grains of industrial-strength salt.|Joe Leydon, Film Critic ''Variety''<ref name="JLvariety">{{cite news |url=http://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-review-1201744442/ |title=Film Review: 'Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' |work=[[Variety (magazine)]] |accessdate=April 22, 2016 |date=April 3, 2016 |author=Leydon, Joe}}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb |title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism |author=Glenza, Jessica |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 2, 2016 |accessdate=April 2, 2016 }}</ref>}}

The ''[[Houston Press]]'' described the film as a "tragic fraud",<ref name="HoustonPress">{{cite news|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/arts/anti-vaccination-doc-vaxxed-booted-from-tribeca-is-a-tragic-fraud-8302709|title=Anti-Vaccination Doc Vaxxed, Booted From Tribeca, Is a Tragic Fraud|date=April 7, 2016|work=[[Houston Press]]|accessdate=April 7, 2016}}</ref> noting:
{{quotation|The Booker, Wakefield and Bigtree segments are spliced with testimonials from parents describing their own ordeals with late-onset autism, which only points to another insidious aspect of Wakefield’s fraud. These interviews are heartbreaking. There may be few tragedies as great as a parent watching a child’s future rapidly contract. But it's another tragedy altogether to give these desperate mothers and fathers this straw at which to grasp.|Pete Vonder Haar, ''Houston Press''<ref name="HoustonPress" />}}

== Premiere ==
The film had been scheduled to premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] but this was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref name="jezebel">{{cite web |url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869 |title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation' |last=Merlan |first=Annie |date=March 25, 2016 |work=[[Jezebel (website)]] |accessdate=March 26, 2016 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart |last=Haelle |first=Tara |date=March 25, 2016 |work=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=March 26, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/ |title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed |last=Lane |first=Penny |date=March 24, 2016 |work=[[Filmmaker (magazine)]] |accessdate=March 26, 2016 }}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite news |last1=Tarkan |first1=Laurie |title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted - then Pulled - Anti-Vaccine Documentary |url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)]] |date=March 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 30, 2016 }}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film |title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film |author=Moody, Nekesa Mumbi |date=March 27, 2016 |work=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

After the film was dropped, it was picked up for distribution by Cinema Libre.<ref name="VarietyPickedUp">{{Cite news |url=http://variety.com/2016/film/news/vaxxed-anti-vaccine-documentary-cinema-libre-1201741603/|title=Controversial Anti-Vaccination Documentary Gets Release From Cinema Libre (EXCLUSIVE) |last=McNary |first=Dave |date=March 29, 2016 |work=[[Variety (magazine)]] |access-date=April 4, 2016}}</ref> The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on April 1, 2016<ref name="wsjlunacy">{{cite news
|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/anti-vaccination-lunacy-wont-stop-1459721652
|title=Anti-Vaccination Lunacy Won’t Stop
|author=Lipkin, W. Ian
|date=April 3, 2016
|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]
|subscription=yes
|accessdate=April 4, 2016 }}</ref> to an audience of "a few dozen."<ref name=":3">{{cite news |url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination |title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry |date=April 3, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Glenza |first1=Jessica |accessdate=April 3, 2016 }}</ref>

In reaction to Cinema Libre's decision to distribute the film, [[Todd Drezner]], the father of an autistic son and creator of a [[neurodiversity]]-themed movie that was distributed by Cinema Libre, wrote an open letter to Cinema Libre criticizing ''Vaxxed'' and Cinema Libre's decision to distribute it, writing: "By releasing ''Vaxxed'', Cinema Libre is actively harming thousands of autistic people. While we should be discussing ways to best support autistic people and help them lead fulfilling lives, you would instead have us follow a discredited scientist and dishonest filmmaker down a rabbit hole that leads only to long-debunked conspiracy theories. I am profoundly disappointed."<ref name="drezner">{{cite web
|url=http://www.thinkingautismguide.com/2016/03/todd-drezners-open-letter-to-cinema.html
|title=Todd Drezner's Open Letter to Cinema Libre Studio Regarding "Vaxxed"
|author=Drezner, Todd
|date=March 30, 2016
|work=Thinking Person's Guide To Autism
|accessdate=April 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="nytshowing">{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/02/nyregion/anti-vaccine-film-pulled-from-tribeca-film-festival-draws-crowd-at-showing.html
|title=Anti-Vaccine Film, Pulled From Tribeca Film Festival, Draws Crowd at Showing
|author=Ryzik, Melena
|date=April 1, 2016
|work=[[The New York Times]]
|accessdate=April 4, 2016}}</ref>

==Other==
Dr. LaRussa said: "Well, I think what’s going to happen is it’s going to raise a lot of questions that the CDC is going to have to address, about excerpts of what Bill Thompson is reported to have said to the film-maker’s investigator. The other thing that I think was not addressed in the film is that they conveniently focused on Thompson’s concerns about a study he was involved in. They neglected to mention all the studies that have been done throughout the world that have not shown a link between vaccines and autism".<ref name=LaRussa/>

Later, DeNiro "made clear he was deeply upset" that other filmmakers' threats to withdraw their movies from the film festival forced him to withdraw Vaxxed. DeNiro urged the public to see the film, adding "There is a link [between vaccines and autism] and they are saying there isn't... There's more to this than meets the eye, believe me."<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3554747/Why-Niro-backing-MMR-doctor-hounded-Britain-Actor-believes-triple-jab-risks-covered-pharmaceutical-giants-son-developed-autism-overnight-vaccination.html</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Philadelphia-Pennsylvania-Tempel

2016-04-20T23:05:17Z

MainlyTwelve: space

{{ LDS Temple/Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple |format= Infobox LDS Temple }}

The '''Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple''' is a temple of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church) under construction in the [[Logan Square, Philadelphia|Logan Square]] neighborhood of [[Philadelphia]]. The intent to construct the temple was announced on October 4, 2008 during the church's 178th Semiannual [[General Conference (LDS Church)|General Conference]] by LDS Church [[President of the Church (LDS Church)|president]] [[Thomas S. Monson]].<ref>{{citation |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700264138/Rome-LDS-temple-four-others-announced.html |newspaper= [[Deseret News]] |date= October 4, 2008 |first= James M |last= Dougherty |title= Rome LDS temple, four others announced |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}</ref> The temple will be the first in the state of [[Pennsylvania]], and the first temple between [[Washington D.C. Temple|Washington, D.C.]] and [[Manhattan New York Temple|New York City]].<ref name=McCrystal>{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-02-14/news/47308235_1_mormon-church-meetinghouse-north-philadelphia|title=Mormons to build 32-story tower near Center City|last=McCrystal|first=Laura|date=14 February 2014|publisher=Philly.com|accessdate=10 January 2016}}</ref>
__NOTOC__
==History==
[[File:Philadelphia Temple Site by US Geological Survey (cropped).jpg|thumb|Location of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple as found on US Geological Survey map]]

On November 19, 2009, the church announced that the temple would be built on Vine Street in downtown Philadelphia, directly northeast of [[Logan Circle (Philadelphia)|Logan Circle]].<ref>{{citation |chapter-url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/news-releases-stories/philadelphia-pennsylvania-temple-site-announced |chapter= Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple Site Announced |title= News Story |url= http://www.Newsroom.org |publisher= LDS Church |date= November 19, 2009 |accessdate= 2012-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Jamshid |title= Downtown site for Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple |last= Askar |date= Nov 27, 2009 |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/58264/Downtown-site-for-Philadelphia-Pennsylvania-Temple.html |newspaper= [[Church News]] |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Jason |last= Swensen |date= December 11, 2010 |title= Church buys land for Philadelphia temple |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/60230/Church-buys-land-for-Philadelphia-temple.html |newspaper= Church News |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}</ref> This location puts the planned temple in the immediate vicinity of several prominent Philadelphia landmarks, and immediately across the street from the [[Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Philadelphia|Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul]], head church of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia|Archdiocese of Philadelphia]].

Ground was broken for the temple on 17 September 2011. Local community leaders were present for the ceremonies which were presided over by [[Henry B. Eyring]], First Counselor in the church's [[First Presidency (LDS Church)|First Presidency]].<ref>{{citation |chapter-url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/church-breaks-ground-philadelphia-pennsylvania-trujillo-peru-temples |chapter= Church Breaks Ground for Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Trujillo Peru Temples |title= News Release |url= http://www.Newsroom.org |publisher= LDS Church |date= September 17, 2011 |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url= http://articles.philly.com/2011-09-18/news/30172242_1_mormon-leaders-first-mormon-temple-church-of-jesus-christ |title= Construction to begin on Philadelphia's Mormon temple |first= David |last= O'Reilly |newspaper= [[Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date= September 18, 2011 |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}.</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Celeste Tholen |last= Rosenlof |date= September 18, 2011 |title= LDS Church breaks ground for first temple in Pennsylvania |url= http://www.ksl.com/?sid=17299694&nid=1016 |publisher= ''[[KSL-TV|KSL]].com'' |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |first= Laurie Williams |last= Sowby |date= September 20, 2011 |title= President Eyring returns home for Philadelphia Temple groundbreaking |url= http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/61449/President-Eyring-returns-home-for-Philadelphia-Temple-groundbreaking.html |newspaper= Church News |accessdate= 2012-11-05 }}</ref> As of July 2012, no significant work had begun on the temple as a contractor to remove the existing parking lot and start the below ground excavation for the two level parking garage had not been found.<ref>[http://articles.philly.com/2012-07-26/news/32849315_1_million-temple-philadelphia-s-mormon-philadelphia-temple "Fall groundbreaking expected for Philadelphia's Mormon temple" David O'Reilly, ''Philadelphia Inquirer, July 26, 2012]</ref> In November 2012, the Philadelphia Art Commission granted final approval for the temple design, despite some members feeling the building was too similar to other buildings in the vicinity in its appearance.<ref>[http://planphilly.com/articles/2012/11/08/art-commission-grants-final-approval-mormon-temple ''Plan Philly'', Nov. 8, 2012]</ref> By February 2013, most of the parking lot on the temple site had been removed. By May 2013, the underground digging for the building of the temple had been completed.

By August 2014, the building had been framed to its full height.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865609269/Temple-rises-in-Philadelphia.html August 23, 2014 ''LDS Church News'' article on progress on the Philadelphia Temple]</ref>

==Design and complex==

The temple architect is B. Jeffrey Stebar of the Atlanta office of [[Perkins+Will]], a [[Latter-day Saint]] who has served as a [[Bishop (LDS Church)|bishop]] and member of a [[stake presidency]].{{cn|date=February 2016}}

In February 2014, city and church officials announced that a [[meetinghouse]] and a 32-story residential building will be built on a lot adjacent to the temple site, at [[1601 Vine Street]]. The residential structure and meetinghouse were designed by Paul L. Whalen of [[Robert A. M. Stern|RAMSA]]. The meetinghouse will serve approximately 1,000 of the 25,000 Latter-day Saints in the Philadelphia area and will include a family history center. The residential building is anticipated to include 258 apartments and 13 townhouses, along with retail space, and be subject to regular, applicable taxes.<ref name=McCrystal/>

==Open house and dedication==
On January 21, 2016, the LDS Church announced that a public open house will be held from Wednesday, August 10, 2016 through Friday, September 9, 2016, excluding Sundays. The temple will be dedicated on Sunday, September 18, 2016.<ref>{{citation |url= http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/open-house-dedication-dates-sapporo-frieberg-philadelphia|title= The First Presidency Announces Open House and Dedication Dates for Three Temples: Temples to open in Sapporo, Japan, Freiberg, Germany, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work= Newsroom |publisher= [[LDS Church]] |date= 2016-01-21 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wikipedia books
|1=Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
}}
{{Portal|LDS Church}}
* [[Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
* [[List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
* [[List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region]]
* [[Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)]]
* [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Pennsylvania]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commonscategory|Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple}}
* [http://www.lds.org/church/temples/philadelphia-pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple] (official)
* [http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/philadelphia/ Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple] at LDSChurchTemples.com

{{List LDS Temple USA East}}

[[Category:21st-century Latter Day Saint temples]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint movement in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures under construction in the United States]]
[[Category:Temples (LDS Church) in the United States]]
[[Category:Logan Square, Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Places of worship in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T04:02:40Z

MainlyTwelve: /* Background */

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952|title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction|date=3 February 2010|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
{{further2|[[MMR vaccine controversy]]}}
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref> A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy#Full retraction and fraud allegations|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Del Bigtree, a producer of ''Vaxxed'', was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with this warning about the shows: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

[[Image:CDC Vaccine Information Statement for MMR Vaccine.pdf|thumb|right|CDC Info Statement for MMR Vaccine, 2012 - Challenged in film.]]

==Narrative==

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

==Criticism==

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T04:01:44Z

MainlyTwelve: /* Background */ clarified language

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952|title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction|date=3 February 2010|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
{{further2|[[MMR vaccine controversy]]}}
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref> A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy#Full retraction and fraud allegations|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Del Bigtree, a producer of ''Vaxxed'', was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with this warning about the shows: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

[[Image:CDC Vaccine Information Statement for MMR Vaccine.pdf|thumb|right|CDC Info Statement for MMR Vaccine, 2012 - Challenged in film.]]

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T04:00:26Z

MainlyTwelve: combined sentence into related paragraph

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952|title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction|date=3 February 2010|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
{{further2|[[MMR vaccine controversy]]}}
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref> A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy#Full retraction and fraud allegations|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Producer Del Bigtree was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with the warning: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

[[Image:CDC Vaccine Information Statement for MMR Vaccine.pdf|thumb|right|CDC Info Statement for MMR Vaccine, 2012 - Challenged in film.]]

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T03:59:51Z

MainlyTwelve: link

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952|title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction|date=3 February 2010|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
{{further2|[[MMR vaccine controversy]]}}
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy#Full retraction and fraud allegations|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Producer Del Bigtree was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with the warning: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

[[Image:CDC Vaccine Information Statement for MMR Vaccine.pdf|thumb|right|CDC Info Statement for MMR Vaccine, 2012 - Challenged in film.]]

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T03:58:32Z

MainlyTwelve: MMR vaccine controversy

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952|title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction|date=3 February 2010|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
{{further2|[[MMR vaccine controversy]]}}
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Producer Del Bigtree was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with the warning: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

[[Image:CDC Vaccine Information Statement for MMR Vaccine.pdf|thumb|right|CDC Info Statement for MMR Vaccine, 2012 - Challenged in film.]]

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T03:51:19Z

MainlyTwelve: added source

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704022804575041544115791952|title=The Lancet's Vaccine Retraction|date=3 February 2010|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=4 April 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Producer Del Bigtree was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with the warning: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-04-04T03:49:48Z

MainlyTwelve: alleged

{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = Del Bigtree
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story = Screenwriters: Andrew Wakefield & Del Bigtree
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016|04|01}}
| runtime = 91 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American film about the alleged involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]].<ref name="nymag-antivax">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/|title=Why Is an Anti-Vaccine Documentary by a Proven Quack Being Taken Seriously?|last=June, Laura|date=March 22, 2016|work=[[New York Magazine]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016}}</ref> It has been categorized as an [[anti-vaccination]] film<ref name="LaRussa" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="gorski1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="nymag-antivax" /> although the studio disputes this.<ref name=":3" /> The filmmaker claims that it is a [[documentary]] "that explores the journeys of parents whose autistic children were plausibly affected by a vaccine [MMR]",<ref>{{cite web|title=About Vaxxed
|url=http://www.vaxxedthemovie.com
|website=Vaxxed Official documentary Film Website
|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> however critics consider it propaganda<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/vaxxed-from-cover-up-to-catastrophe-is-designed-to-trick-you-review-20160401|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe' is Designed to Trick You (Review)|last=Kohn|first=Eric|date=April 1, 2016|website=Indiewire|access-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> with [[David Gorski]] labeling it a "[[propaganda film]] by a known scientific fraud".<ref name="gorski1">{{cite web|url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2016/03/25/mystery-solved-it-was-robert-de-niro-who-got-andrew-wakefields-antivaccine-film-selected-by-the-tribeca-film-festival/|title=Mystery solved: It was Robert De Niro who got Andrew Wakefield’s antivaccine propaganda film selected for screening at the Tribeca Film Festival|date=March 25, 2016|website=Respectful Insolence|last1=Gorski|first1=David|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> The film was directed by discredited<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.statnews.com/2016/04/01/vaxxed-autism-movie-review/|title=We watched the movie ‘Vaxxed’ so you don’t have to|date=April 1, 2016|work=Stat News|author=Robins, Rebecca|accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref> former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news
|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule
|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule
|last=Rosen
|first=Christopher
|date=26 March 2016
|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro
|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary
|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=The Verge
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

==Background==
In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked<ref name=":5" /> due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|last=Belluck, Pam & Ryzik, Melena|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=March 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research has established that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal
|author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C
|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
|journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=CD004407
|year=2012
|pmid=22336803
|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal
|authors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD
|title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies
|journal=Vaccine
|volume=32
|issue=29
|pages=3623–9
|date=June 2014
|pmid=24814559
|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal
|title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review
|journal=Pediatrics
|volume=134
|issue=2
|pages=325–37
|date=August 2014
|pmid=25086160
|doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

Producer Del Bigtree was formerly a producer of ''The Doctors'', a daytime US talk show.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> The [[British medical Journal|British Medical Journal]] conducted a study on ''[[The Doctors (talk show)|The Doctors]]'' and ''[[The Dr Oz Show]]'' and concluded with the warning: "Consumers should be skeptical about any recommendations provided ... as details are limited and only a third to one half of recommendations are based on believable or somewhat believable evidence".<ref name=BMJ>{{cite journal |last=Koronyk |first=C. |date=December 17, 2014 |title=Televised medical talk shows-what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7346 |journal=The [[British Medical Journal]] |doi=10.1136/bmj.g7346 |accessdate=March 3, 2016|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

The film features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" anti-vaccination narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp|title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys.|date=February 3, 2015|work=[[Snopes]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> The film contains excerpts of several phone calls between Hooker and Thompson, claimed to have been recorded without Thompson's knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/vaxxed-cover-up-catastrophe-film-879960|title='Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe': Film Review|last=Frank Scheck, Frank|date=April 1, 2016|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Hooker's paper on the narrative was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web|url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/|title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation|date=August 27, 2014|publisher=''[[Retraction Watch]]''|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/|title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study|last=Park, Alice|date=August 29, 2014|work=[[Time (magazine)]]|accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

Documentary director Penny Lane stated: {{quotation|Issues around truth and ethics in documentary can get thorny. But this one is easy. This film is not some sort of disinterested investigation into the 'vaccines cause autism' hoax; this film is directed by the person who perpetuated the hoax.|Penny Lane (director)<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/26/entertainment/vaxxed-movie-tribeca-festival-feat/ |title=Robert De Niro pulls anti-vaccine film from Tribeca after controversy |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 31, 2016 |date=March 27, 2016 |author=Grinberg, Emanuella }}</ref>}}

Dr. Philip LaRussa, a professor of paediatric medicine at Columbia University Medical Centre, stated that "Wakefield’s film acts as if his research had not been revealed as fraudulent and he had not lost his medical license" and noted:
{{quotation|[Wakefield] didn’t mention the fact that he lost his license in Great Britain, he didn’t mention the fact that [11] of his co-authors withdrew their names from his paper. He didn’t mention the fact that there was a series of investigative articles by [''Sunday Times'' journalist] Brian Deer. None of that existed in this film.|''Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism''<ref name="LaRussa">{{cite news
|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-scientist-interview-vaccines-autism?CMP=share_btn_fb
| title=Vaxxed: an expert view on controversial film about vaccines and autism
| author=Glenza, Jessica
| work=The Guardian
| date=April 2, 2016
| accessdate=April 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

On the subject of the "CDC whistleblower" narrative, LaRussa said of the film-makers: "They were saying, there’s this silver bullet here, and the CDC is hiding it, and no one else has looked at this issue, which is not the case."<ref name="LaRussa" />

== Premiere ==
The film premiered at the [[Angelika Film Center]] in [[New York]] on 1 April 2016 to an audience of "a few dozen", days after it was dropped by the [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/02/vaxxed-film-premieres-new-york-anti-vaccination|title=Controversial Vaxxed film premieres in New York despite scientists' outcry|date=April 3, 2016|website=The Guardian|last1=Glenza|first1=Jessica|accessdate=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

The film's selection for the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869
|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'
|last=Merlan
|first=Annie
|date=25 March 2016
|publisher=Jezebel
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=March 25, 2016|publisher=''Forbes''|accessdate=March 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/
|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016
|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine
|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert De Niro]], who co-founded the festival, initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was "very personal" to him due to him having a child with autism,<ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> and saying that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy.<ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> But shortly before the evening of March 26 De Niro announced that the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives, and members of the scientific community, had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=March 27, 2016 | work=Associated Press | access-date=March 27, 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Big Pharma conspiracy theory]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]
* {{rotten-tomatoes|id=vaxxed_from_cover_up_to_catastrophe_2016|title=Vaxxed}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-30T21:25:17Z

MainlyTwelve: Undid revision 712729523 by 73.15.121.18 (talk)

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = 
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story =
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016}}
| runtime =
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American [[documentary film]] about the involvement of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by discredited former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule|last=Rosen|first=Christopher|date=26 March 2016|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza|date=25 March 2016|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research found that there is [[MMR vaccine controversy|no link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal |author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C |title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2 |issue= |pages=CD004407 |year=2012 |pmid=22336803 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal |author=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD |title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies |journal=Vaccine |volume=32 |issue=29 |pages=3623–9 |date=June 2014|pmid=24814559 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal |title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review |journal=Pediatrics |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=325–37 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25086160 |doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

The film also features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web | url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp | title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys. | work=[[Snopes]] | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> Hooker's paper was subsequently retracted due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web | url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/ | title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation | publisher=[[Retraction Watch]] | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{cite news | url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/ | title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study | work=Time | date=August 29, 2014 | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

==Attempted screening==
The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/#.VvbBPj9OE4A|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Actor [[Robert de Niro]], who co-founded the fesival. initially defended the decision to show the film, writing on [[Facebook]] that the film was " very personal" to him due to him having a kid afflicted by Autism, <ref name="fortunevaxxed">{{cite web|last1=Tarkan|first1=Laurie|title=Why Robert De Niro Promoted -- then Pulled -- Anti-Vaccine Documentary|url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/29/robert-de-niro-anti-vaccine-documentary/|website=Fortune|accessdate=30 March 2016}}</ref> further claiming that he hoped the film would open a dialog about the controversy. <ref name="fortunevaxxed"/> Shortly before the evening of March 26, however de Niro announced the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives and members of the scientific community had led to him to conclude that screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=27 March 2016 | website=bigstory.ap.org | publisher= | access-date=27 March 2016 | quote=De Niro, who has a child with autism, said he had hoped to provide an opportunity for conversation around an issue "that is deeply personal to me and my family." However, he said after he and Tribeca organizers reviewed it, "We do not believe it contributes to or furthers the discussion I had hoped for."}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-28T16:12:54Z

MainlyTwelve: removed under construction tag, no major updates seem to be impending

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = 
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story =
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016}}
| runtime =
| country =
| language =
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American [[documentary film]] about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by discredited former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule|last=Rosen|first=Christopher|date=26 March 2016|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza|date=25 March 2016|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research has refuted the [[MMR vaccine controversy|proposed link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal |author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C |title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2 |issue= |pages=CD004407 |year=2012 |pmid=22336803 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal |author=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD |title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies |journal=Vaccine |volume=32 |issue=29 |pages=3623–9 |date=June 2014|pmid=24814559 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal |title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review |journal=Pediatrics |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=325–37 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25086160 |doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

The film also features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web | url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp | title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys. | work=[[Snopes]] | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> Hooker's paper was subsequently retracted <ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web | url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/ | title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation | publisher=[[Retraction Watch]] | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="Time">{{cite news | url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/ | title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study | work=Time | date=August 29, 2014 | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

==Attempted screening==
The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/#.VvbBPj9OE4A|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Shortly before the evening of March 26, Tribeca founder [[Robert de Niro]] announced the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives and members of the scientific community had led to him concluding screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=27 March 2016 | website=bigstory.ap.org | publisher= | access-date=27 March 2016 | quote=De Niro, who has a child with autism, said he had hoped to provide an opportunity for conversation around an issue "that is deeply personal to me and my family." However, he said after he and Tribeca organizers reviewed it, "We do not believe it contributes to or furthers the discussion I had hoped for."}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American documentary films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
{{documentary-film-stub}}

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-28T14:54:18Z

MainlyTwelve: space

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = 
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story =
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|2016}}
| runtime =
| country =
| language =
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 American [[documentary film]] about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by discredited former physician and anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and was set for premiere at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] before being removed from screening.<ref name="ew-pulled">{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/26/tribeca-film-festival-vaxxed-pulled-schedule|title=Tribeca Film Festival: Vaxxed pulled from schedule|last=Rosen|first=Christopher|date=26 March 2016|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=verge>{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza|date=25 March 2016|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> In 1998 Wakefield published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

A substantial body of subsequent research has refuted the [[MMR vaccine controversy|proposed link between vaccines and autism]].<ref name=Cochrane>{{cite journal |author=Demicheli V, Rivetti A, Debalini MG, Di Pietrantonj C |title=Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2 |issue= |pages=CD004407 |year=2012 |pmid=22336803 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3}}</ref><ref name=Taylor2014>{{cite journal |author=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD |title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies |journal=Vaccine |volume=32 |issue=29 |pages=3623–9 |date=June 2014|pmid=24814559 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, etal |title=Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review |journal=Pediatrics |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=325–37 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25086160 |doi=10.1542/peds.2014-1079 }}</ref>

The film also features the so-called "CDC whistleblower" narrative: [[Brian Hooker (bioengineer)|Brian Hooker]] published a study based on claims by William Thompson to the effect that the CDC had suppressed mention of a correlation between vaccination and autism in African-American boys.<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web | url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/disease/cdcwhistleblower.asp | title=Data suppressed by the CDC proved that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys. | work=[[Snopes]] | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> Hooker's paper was subsequently retracted <ref name="RetractionWatch-Hooker">{{cite web | url=http://retractionwatch.com/2014/08/27/journal-takes-down-autism-vaccine-paper-pending-investigation/ | title=Journal takes down autism-vaccine paper pending investigation | publisher=[[Retraction Watch]] | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref> due to "serious concerns about the validity of its conclusions".<ref name="Time">{{cite news | url=http://time.com/3222008/paper-questioning-cdc-autism-study-retracted/ | title=Journal Retracts Paper that Questioned CDC Autism Study | work=Time | date=August 29, 2014 | accessdate=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

==Attempted screening==
The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for allowing Wakefield to distribute his discredited theories.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/#.VvbBPj9OE4A|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> Shortly before the evening of March 26, Tribeca founder [[Robert de Niro]] announced the film would not screen, stating that consultation with other film festival representatives and members of the scientific community had led to him concluding screening the film would not contribute to or further the discussion of the topic presented.<ref name="ew-pulled"/><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/b596c28b662e4fabbca69e16589ed1a2/de-niros-tribeca-festival-pulls-anti-vaccination-film | title=De Niro's Tribeca festival pulls anti-vaccination film | author=Nekesa Mumbi Moody | date=27 March 2016 | website=bigstory.ap.org | publisher= | access-date=27 March 2016 | quote=De Niro, who has a child with autism, said he had hoped to provide an opportunity for conversation around an issue "that is deeply personal to me and my family." However, he said after he and Tribeca organizers reviewed it, "We do not believe it contributes to or furthers the discussion I had hoped for."}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5562652|Vaxxed}}
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American documentary films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
{{documentary-film-stub}}

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T17:14:25Z

MainlyTwelve: /* Screening */

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T17:06:27Z

MainlyTwelve: 2

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T17:06:18Z

MainlyTwelve: ref improve

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T17:06:07Z

MainlyTwelve: cite

{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = 
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story =
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = 2016
| runtime =
| country =
| language =
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=verge>{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza|date=25 March 2016|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry and widespread criticism, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2016/03/25/robert-deniro-just-broke-my-heart/#55b2f48b3539|title=Robert DeNiro Just Broke My Heart|last=Haelle|first=Tara|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed/#.VvbBPj9OE4A|title=An Open Letter to the Tribeca Film Festival about Vaxxed|last=Lane|first=Penny|date=24 March 2016|publisher=Filmmaker Magazine|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T17:01:35Z

MainlyTwelve: infobox

{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = ''Vaxxed''
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| film name = 
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| producer = 
| writer = 
| screenplay =
| story =
| based on = 
| starring =
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = 2016
| runtime =
| country =
| language =
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=verge>{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza|date=25 March 2016|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:57:00Z

MainlyTwelve: <ref name=verge/>

{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name=verge>{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro|title=The Tribeca Film Festival is screening an anti-vaccine documentary|last=Alessandra|first=Potenza|date=25 March 2016|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name=verge/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:55:42Z

MainlyTwelve: cleaned up references

{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:54:55Z

MainlyTwelve: cite

{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce"/> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest" and for his invention of evidence linking the [[MMR vaccine]] to autism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Column: How Robert De Niro's Tribeca Film Festival sold out to anti-vaccine crackpots [UPDATED]|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|date=25 March 2016|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref>
}}
==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:28:44Z

MainlyTwelve: Added tags to the page using Page Curation (refimprove)

{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce"/> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref>
}}
==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:27:39Z

MainlyTwelve: /* External links */

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce"/> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref>
}}
==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* [http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/ Variety]

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:27:23Z

MainlyTwelve: /* External links */

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce"/> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref>
}}
==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html LA Times]
* http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:27:10Z

MainlyTwelve: test

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce"/> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref>
}}
==External links==
* [http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html/ New York Magazine]
* http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html
* http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Vaxxed – Die schockierende Wahrheit!?

2016-03-26T16:26:29Z

MainlyTwelve: cite

{{under construction}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vaxxed
| director = [[Andrew Wakefield]]
| image =
}}

'''''Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe''''' is a 2016 film about the [[Center for Disease Control]]'s involvement in the [[MMR vaccine controversy]]. The film was directed by anti-vaccine activist [[Andrew Wakefield]] and is set to screen at the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref name="The Verge: announce"/> In 1998 Wakefield's published a study in ''[[The Lancet]]'' suggesting that vaccines caused autism. In 2010 the study was retracted, and Wakefield's medical license was revoked due to "ethical violations and a failure to disclose financial conflicts of interest."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/health/vaccines-autism-robert-de-niro-tribeca-film-festival-andrew-wakefield-vaxxed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Middle%20East&module=Trending&version=Full&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article|title=Robert De Niro Defends Screening of Anti-Vaccine Film at Tribeca Festival|publisher=nytimes.com}}</ref>

== Screening ==

The film's selection for the 2016 [[Tribeca Film Festival]] was the subject of public outcry, particularly for giving an audience to the discredited director.<ref name="The Verge: announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jezebel.com/robert-de-niro-defends-anti-vax-film-screening-at-tribe-1767104869|title=Robert De Niro Defends Anti-Vax Film Screening at Tribeca; Says It Will Allow for 'Conversation'|last=Merlan|first=Annie|date=25 March 2016|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=26 March 2016}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="The Verge: announce">http://www.theverge.com/2016/3/25/11306458/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaccine-documentary-robert-deniro</ref>
}}
==External links==
* http://nymag.com/thecut/2016/03/tribeca-film-festival-anti-vaxx.html
* http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-anti-vaccine-andrew-wakefield-movie-tribeca-20160322-story.html
* http://variety.com/2016/film/news/robert-deniro-vaxxed-anti-vaccination-autism-tribeca-1201739552/

{{Portal bar|Film}}
{{film-stub}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:MMR vaccine controversy]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:2010s documentary films]]

Hans Ditlev Franciscus von Linstow

2016-02-18T05:24:26Z

MainlyTwelve: Norwegian

[[File:Hans Linstow.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Linstow by Carl Peter Lehmann, 1842]]
[[Image:Slottsplassen.jpg|thumb|250px|Norwegian Royal Palace (front)]]
'''Hans Ditlev Franciscus (Frants) von Linstow''' (4 May 1787 – 10 June 1851) was a [[Denmark|Danish]]-born, [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[architect]], who is by many considered the first Norwegian architect. {{citation needed|date=October 2011}}He is well-known to have designed the [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] in Oslo and much of the surrounding park and the street ''[[Karl Johans Street|Karl Johans gate]]''.
<ref>[http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Hans_Ditlev_Frantz_Linstow/utdypning ''Hans Ditlev Frantz Linstow – utdypning'' (Store norske leksikon)]</ref>

==Background==
Hans Ditlev Franciscus von Linstow was born in Nord-Sjælland, [[Denmark]]. His parents were Hartvig Christoph von Linstow (1740–1823) and Charlotta Benedicta Eleonora von der Lühe (1753–1837). Linstow belonged to a noble family from [[Mecklenburg]] who were naturalized in Denmark. He grew up in Hirschholm Castle (''Hirschholm Slot'') in [[North Zealand]]. He matriculated in 1805 and earned a law degree at [[Copenhagen University]] in 1812. He first studied painting and drawings at the Art Academy in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark, while he at the same time studied [[law]].

==Career==
After finalizing these studies in 1812, he went to [[Kongsberg]], Norway (which then was a part of Denmark) and studied in 1812–1814 at the so-called ''Bergakademiet'', which educated [[military engineer]]s. He did not, however, complete this military education, but studied [[architecture]] at the same time. He worked at the Danish Royal Court in 1814, but at the split between Denmark and Norway the same year, he went to Norway and worked in 1815–1820 as a military [[lawyer]] at the [[cavalry]]. In 1818, he was one of the initiators of the [[Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry]] in [[Oslo|Christiania]]. He taught, first [[plaster]], and later building construction until he took his leave in 1840.

In 1823, he was commissioned to design the new [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] (''Det Kongelige Slott'') in Christiania and create the surrounding park, where he also drew the guards' house. He also helped his friend, the writer [[Henrik Wergeland]] in constructing his new house ''[[Grotten]]'' in the outskirts of the park. Both these buildings are examples of his early use of the [[Swiss chalet style]] in his drawings.<ref>[http://www.kongehuset.no/c33241/artikkel/vis.html?tid=33242 ''Architecture of the Royal Palace'' (Kongehuset.no)]</ref>

Since the Royal Palace was erected outside the main city area, Linstow proposed a plan in 1838 to connect the palace to the city. The main parts of this plan were realized in what is now the main boulevard and tourist area, the ''[[Karl Johans gate]]''. In 1828–1835, Linstow worked on a set of standard drawings for Norwegian churches. About seventy different churches were erected all over Norway based on these drawings.

==Legacy==
In 1885, a street ''Linstows gate'' in Christiania was named for him.

==Selected works==
* Grue Church in [[Solør]], 1823–28
* Royal Palace in [[Oslo]], 1823–48
* Atrå Church in [[Tinn]], 1828–36
* [[Flekkefjord]] Church in [[Vest-Agder]], 1831–33
* [[Kvinesdal]] Church in [[Vest-Agder]], 1835–37
* Vikøy Church, [[Kvam]] in [[Hardanger]], 1838
* [[Lyngdal]] Rectory in [[Vest-Agder]], 1838
<gallery>
Image:Gjesdal kyrkje.jpg|Gjesdal Church
Image:Rugsund church 1.jpg|Rugsund Church
Image:Nærbø gamle kirke.jpg|Nærbø gamle Church
Image:Flekkefjord kirke.JPG|Flekkefjord Church
Image:Vikøy kirke.jpg|Vikøy Church
Image:Grue kirke.jpg|Grue Church
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Linstow, Hans Ditlev Franciscus}}
[[Category:1787 births]]
[[Category:1851 deaths]]
[[Category:Neoclassical architects]]
[[Category:Danish architects]]
[[Category:Norwegian architects]]
[[Category:Oslo National Academy of the Arts faculty]]
[[Category:Danish emigrants to Norway]]
[[Category:Norwegian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Danish people of German descent]]
[[Category:University of Copenhagen alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century Norwegian architects]]

Alison und Peter Smithson

2016-02-11T16:36:59Z

MainlyTwelve: /* Sources */ removed categ

{{Refimprove|date=July 2009}}
[[File:Robin Hood Gardens AP Smithson.jpg|thumb|right|240px|''[[Robin Hood Gardens]]'' housing complex, Poplar, East London, completed 1972]]
[[England|English]] [[architect]]s '''Alison Smithson''' (22 June 1928 – 14 August 1993) and '''Peter Smithson''' (18 September 1923 – 3 March 2003) together formed an architectural partnership, and are often associated with the [[New Brutalism]] (especially in architectural and [[urban theory]]).<ref>[http://designmuseum.org/design/alison-peter-smithson Alison and Peter Smithson, Design Museum]</ref><ref>[http://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/heritage/peter-and-alison-smithson Peter & Alison Smithson - Open University]</ref>

Peter was born in [[Stockton-on-Tees]] in north-east England, and Alison was born in [[Sheffield]], [[South Yorkshire]]. They met while studying architecture at [[Durham University]] and married in 1949. Together, they joined the architecture department of the [[London County Council]] before establishing their own partnership in 1950.

==Studies==
Peter Smithson studied architecture at the [[University of Durham]] between 1939 and 1948, along with a programme in the Department of Town Planning, also at Durham, between 1946 and 1948. Alison studied architecture at the same university between 1944 and 1949.
<ref>Smithson, Peter and Alison. 2001. pg.19–20</ref>

==Work==
[[File:Smithdon School, Hunstanton-geograph.org.uk-2341065.jpg|right|thumb|Hunstanton School]]
They first came to prominence with [[Hunstanton School]] which used some of the language of high modernist [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] but in a stripped back way, with rough finishes and deliberate lack of refinement. They are arguably among the leaders of the British school of [[New Brutalism]]. They were associated with [[Team X]] and its 1953 revolt against old [[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne]] (CIAM) philosophies of high modernism.

Among their early contributions were [[streets in the sky]] in which traffic and pedestrian circulation were rigorously separated, a theme popular in the 1960s. They were members of the [[Independent Group]] participating in the 1953 ''Parallel of Life and Art'' exhibition at the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts]] and ''[[This Is Tomorrow]]'' in 1956. Throughout their career they published their work energetically, including their several unbuilt schemes, giving them a profile, at least among other architects, out of proportion to their relatively modest output.

His teaching activity included the participation for many years at the [[Ilaud|ILAUD]] workshops together with fellow architect [[Giancarlo De Carlo]].

==Built projects==
[[File:Garden building St. Hilda's Ccollege Oxford.jpg|thumb|Garden building, St Hilda's College, Oxford (1968)]]
Their built projects include:
*[[Smithdon High School]], [[Hunstanton]], [[Norfolk]] (1949–54; a Grade II* [[listed building]])
*The [[House of the Future]] exhibition (at the 1956 [[Ideal Home Show]])
*[[Sugden House, Watford|Sugden House]], [[Watford]]
*''[[The Economist]]'' Building, [[Piccadilly]], [[London]] (1959–65)
*Garden building, [[St Hilda's College, Oxford]] (1968)
*Private house extension for [[Wayland Young, 2nd Baron Kennet|Lord Kennet]], [[Bayswater]], London, 1960
*[[Robin Hood Gardens]] housing complex, [[Poplar, London|Poplar]], East London (1969–72)
*Buildings at the [[University of Bath]], including the School of Architecture and Building Engineering (1988)
*The last project the Cantilever-Chair Museum of the [[Bauhaus]] design company TECTA in [[Lauenfoerde]], Germany

Robin Hood Gardens was a project under construction when [[B. S. Johnson]] made a short film about the couple for the BBC, ''The Smithsons on Housing'' (1970). Sukhdev Sandhu, in a blog entry for the London ''Telegraph'' website wrote that "they drone in self-pitying fashion about vandals and local naysayers to such an extent that any traces of visionary utopianism are extinguished."<ref>Sukhdev Sandhu [http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/culture/sukhdevsandhu/10070597/youre_human_like_the_rest_of_them__the_nfts_celebration_of_bs_johnson/ "You're Human Like The Rest Of Them – the NFT's celebration of BS Johnson"], telegraph.co.uk, 16 June 2009.</ref> The finished flats suffered from high costs associated with the system selected and high levels of crime, all of which undermined the modernist vision of [[streets in the sky]] and the Smithsons' architectural reputation.<ref>[http://designmuseum.org/design/alison-peter-smithson Alison and Peter Smithson, Design Museum.]</ref>

They would go on to design several buildings at [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], while relying mainly on private overseas commissions and Peter Smithson’s writing and teaching (he was a visiting professor at Bath from 1978 to 1990, and also a unit master at the [[Architectural Association School of Architecture]]).

==Unbuilt proposals==
[[File:Economist building London1.jpg|thumb|[[The Economist]] building, London]]
Their unbuilt schemes Include:
*[[Coventry Cathedral]] unsuccessful competition entry, 1951
*[[Golden Lane Estate]] unsuccessful competition entry, 1952
*[[Sheffield University]], unsuccessful competition entry
*[[Hauptstadt]], unsuccessful competition entry, 1957
*[[British Embassy]], [[Brasília]], Competition winning design, unbuilt due to financial constraints, 1961

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | last = Smithon | first = Alison and Peter | title = The Charged Void: Architecture | year = 2001 | publisher = Monacelli Press, Inc. | location = New York, New York | isbn = 1-58093-050-6}}



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[[Category:English architects]]
[[Category:Brutalist architects]]
[[Category:Married couples]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Durham University]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Bath]]
[[Category:Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne members]]
[[Category:20th-century British architects]]

Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza

2016-02-11T16:28:05Z

MainlyTwelve: Spanish

'''Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza''' ([[Cáseda]], 12 October 1918 - [[Madrid]], 18 July 2000) was a Spanish [[architect]] and influential practitioner of the [[Modern architecture|modernist movement]] in [[Spanish architecture|Spain]].<ref name="The Guardian">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2000/aug/05/guardianobituaries1 The Guardian: ''Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza: Iconoclastic architect whose buildings reinvigorated the cities of post-Franco Spain''], 5 August 2000</ref>

==Biography==
Born in [[Cáseda]], [[Navarre]], Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza went to school in [[Seville]] and studied architecture in [[Madrid]]. After a study trip to the United States, in 1949 he returned to Madrid where he started teaching at the [[Superior Technical School of Architecture of Madrid|School of Architecture]], later becoming its director.<ref name="FPA">[http://www.fpa.es/en/awards/1993/francisco-javier-saenz-de-oiza/text/ Prince of Asturias Awards: ''Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza: Biography''], retrieved 20 December 2011</ref>

Among the numerous awards he received in Spain are the National Architecture Award (1954), Gold Medal for Architecture (1989) and the [[Prince of Asturias Awards|Prince of Asturias Award]] (1993).<ref name="FPA"/>

Sáenz is considered to be one of the most influential Spanish architects during the second half of the 20th century.<ref>[http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/francisco_javier_saenz_de_oiza.html "Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza"], ''Spain is Culture''. Retrieved 21 December 2011.</ref><ref name=elmundo>[http://www.elmundo.es/2000resumen/fjsaenz.html "Un arquitecto y un profesor apasionado"], ''El Mundo''. {{es icon}} Retrieved 21 December 2011.</ref>

He died of cancer in 2000.<ref name="The Guardian"/>

==Projects==
One of his most notable projects was the Torres Blancas high-rise apartment and office building in Madrid. With a height of 71 metres, it was built between 1964 and 1969. The façade consists of cylindrical volumes crowned by round overhanging balconies.<ref>[http://mimoa.eu/projects/Spain/Madrid/Torres%20Blancas "Torres Blancas"], ''Mimoa''. Retrieved 21 December 2011.</ref> Other notable projects include the [[Sanctuary of Arantzazu|Arantzazu Basilica]] in Oñati, the Torre Triana administrative building in Seville, the Spanish embassy in Brussels, the [[Universidad Pública de Navarra|Public University of Navarra]] in Pamplona, the remodelling of an old palace in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, into the Atlantic Centre of Modern Art, and the [[Banco de Bilbao Tower]] in Madrid.<ref name="The Guardian"/><ref name=elmundo/>

<gallery>
File:TorresBlancas Madrid.jpg|Torres Blancas, Madrid
File:Arantzazu dorrea 2005 04 24.JPG|[[Sanctuary of Arantzazu]]
File:Torre triana 2011 10.jpg|Torre Triana, Seville
File:Madrid_Passeo_de_Castellana-BBVA.jpg|[[Banco de Bilbao Tower]], Madrid
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Javier Saenz Guerra: ''Francisco Javier Saenz de Oiza'', Ediciones Pronaos, 1996

==External links==
{{commons-inline|Category:Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza|Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza}}

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{{Persondata
| NAME = Saenz de Oiza, Francisco Javier
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Spanish architect
| DATE OF BIRTH = 12 October 1918
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 18 July 2000
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saenz de Oiza, Francisco Javier}}
[[Category:Spanish architects]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Spanish architects]]