Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Cornelia Barns

2013-08-10T20:40:16Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| name = Cornelia Barns
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1910–1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| movement =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = [[Charles Edward Barns]] & Mabel Balston Barns
| awards =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>

== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /><ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /><ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two [[Cresson Traveling Scholarship]]s from the Academy,<ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913.<ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /><ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: "Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world".<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

"American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury,<ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis||title=Wanted: An American Salon of Humorists|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February–March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, ''[[The Liberator (magazine)|The Liberator]]'' was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ."<ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17, 1919|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier.<ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=http://www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program.<ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> shortly before Cornelia's death from [[tuberculosis]] in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succumbed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://specialcollections.lib.msu.edu/html/materials/collections/masses/ The Masses Collection at Michigan State University ]
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-08-10T20:39:19Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */ corrected citation

{{Infobox person
| name = Cornelia Barns
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1910–1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| movement =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = [[Charles Edward Barns]] & Mabel Balston Barns
| awards =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>

== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /><ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /><ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two [[Cresson Traveling Scholarship]]s from the Academy,<ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913.<ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /><ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: "Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world".<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

"American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury,<ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis||title=Wanted: An AmericanSalon of Humorists|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February–March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, ''[[The Liberator (magazine)|The Liberator]]'' was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ."<ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17, 1919|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier.<ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=http://www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program.<ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> shortly before Cornelia's death from [[tuberculosis]] in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succumbed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://specialcollections.lib.msu.edu/html/materials/collections/masses/ The Masses Collection at Michigan State University ]
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-13T01:18:20Z

Maineshepp:

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1910-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
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| children = 1
| parents = [[Charles Edward Barns]] & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from [[tuberculosis]] in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succumbed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
== External Link ==
* [http://specialcollections.lib.msu.edu/html/materials/collections/masses/ The Masses Collection at Michigan State University ]
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-12T15:29:57Z

Maineshepp: altered years active

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1910-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
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| weight = 
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| religion = 
| denomination = 
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| criminal_penalty =
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = [[Charles Edward Barns]] & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from [[tuberculosis]] in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succumbed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-12T02:37:40Z

Maineshepp: added link

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
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| title =
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| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = [[Charles Edward Barns]] & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
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| website = 
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| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from [[tuberculosis]] in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succumbed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-08T18:25:19Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */ additional facts and link

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from [[tuberculosis]] in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succumbed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-08T18:20:02Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Others have noted that her paternal grandmother and grand aunt both succombed to the disease.<ref name="Honeymoon Home 1954">{{cite news|last=Fulton|first=Antoinette M.|title=Honeymoon Home Built Century Ago By David Wells is New Bus Station|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=15 Apr 1954}}</ref> Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-06T20:16:42Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
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| organization = Socialist Party
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to [[Charles Edward Barns]] and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-04T20:01:50Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles Edward Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910,<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-02-04T20:00:10Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
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| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
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| criminal_penalty =
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles Edward Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was announced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T22:14:08Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before launching a career as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also earned a reputation as author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T22:10:36Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
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| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she became a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T22:08:28Z

Maineshepp:

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T22:05:57Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
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| image_size =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
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| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns enrolled at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in 1906,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T22:04:50Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family relocated to Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] from 1906-1911,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T21:39:57Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] from 1906-1911,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T21:38:43Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
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| title =
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| denomination = 
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| criminal_penalty =
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] from 1906-1911,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts,<ref name=Petteys /> and by 1910 was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T21:35:57Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] from 1906-1911,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T21:35:26Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
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| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
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| television =
| title =
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| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]]frpm 1606-1911,<ref name=Petteys>{{cite book|last=Petteys|first=Chris|title=Dictionary of Women Artists: An International Dictionary of Women Artists Born before 1900|year=1985|publisher=G. K. Hall|location=Boston, MA|pages=45}}</ref> <ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two Cresson traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-30T02:17:44Z

Maineshepp: /* Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Waiting," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and [[Lou Rogers]] were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:36:19Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> While living in New York, he also established a reputation as an author and poet.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:31:32Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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| footnotes =
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}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in the ''[[American Art Annual]]''.<ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:30:26Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
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| name = Cornelia Barns
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
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| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy, <ref name=Zurier /> which permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in <ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:29:47Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
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}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> This permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 she was listed as a painter in <ref name="Art Annual 1910">{{cite book|title=American Art Annual|year=1910|publisher=American Art Annual|location=New York|pages=91|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1YgXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=Cornelia+Baxter+Barns&source=bl&ots=6vnpJPpIj4&sig=sU2iB2Z9_YFHYv7L8OL7SxiizXY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fygHUbHPM6Lh0gHxhoCoDA&ved=0CHAQ6AEwDQ#v=onepage&q=Cornelia%20Baxter%20Barns&f=false}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:23:19Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> This permitted her first trip to Europe in 1910<ref name="Passenger 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1800-1945 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Cornelia+Baxter&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=682723&recoff=7+8+9&db=philadelphiaPL&indiv=1|work=Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1883-1945.|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=28 Jan 2013}}</ref> , and encouraged another trip abroad in 1913. <ref name="Passenger 1913">{{cite web|title=1913; Arrival; Microfilm Serial: T715; Microfilm Roll:|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-c&gsfn=Mabel&gsln=Barns&cpxt=1&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=40&h=4013038756&recoff=9+10&db=nypl&indiv=1|work=New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:14:55Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before settling as a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:14:22Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before becoming a newspaperman for the ''[[New York Herald]]''.<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:13:54Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
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| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before becoming a newspaperman for the [[New York Herald]].<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager,<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia studied art.

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:12:39Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but then explored the sciences before becoming a newspaperman for the [[New York Herald]].<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns established himself as theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-29T16:10:35Z

Maineshepp: /* Family and Early Life */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. Charles Barns initially entered law school, but was explored the sciences before becoming a newspaperman for the [[New York Herald]].<ref name="C E Barns 1922">{{cite book|last=Sawyers|first=Eugene T|title=History of Santa Clara County, California|year=1922|publisher=Historic Record Co|pages=1111|url=http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/cebarns.html}}</ref> He also established a reputation as an author and poet, while living in New York.<ref name="C E Barns 1922" /> <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where When the family moved to Philadelphia, Charles Barns established himself as theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T18:13:30Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She contributed a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T17:11:06Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He also served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T17:10:10Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using [[etching|etching acids]] on zinc plates<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T17:09:27Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" />, shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T17:08:50Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> shortly before Cornelia's death from tuberculosis in November 1941.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T17:04:20Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and provided sketches and covers for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> where she died in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T17:02:43Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Garbett became a radio station program director,<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> later offering his own radio program. <ref name="radio programs">{{cite news|title=Daily Radio Programs: Arthur Garbett, talk , Musical Program|url=htpp://|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Niagara Falls Gazette|date=9 Jul 1926}}</ref> He served as music critic for a San Francisco newspaper.<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Cornelia Barns turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> where she died in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:52:33Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name=AskArt /> <ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> where she died in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:51:49Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> where she died in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.<ref name=AskArt />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:50:03Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
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| name = Cornelia Barns
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Weird Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> where she died in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:49:26Z

Maineshepp: /* Years in California */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Garbett and Barns retired to Los Gatos, California<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> where she died in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]]<ref name=Etch>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Cedric|title=Bordeaux Etch|url=http://www.greenart.info/galvetch/bordeaux.htm|publisher=greenart.info|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:41:45Z

Maineshepp: /* Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portrayal of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:41:11Z

Maineshepp: /* Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years */

{{Infobox person
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| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portray of an unending mass of strong-bodied women, two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:40:21Z

Maineshepp: /* Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
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| signature_size =
| module =
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| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> "One Man--One Vote"<ref name="Woman Voter">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=One Man--One Vote|journal=Woman Voter|year=1914|month=April|pages=10}}</ref> depicted two immigrant women with young children, juxtaposted with the stare from a male dandy in three-piece suit and walking stick. Her cover, "Wating," published in ''The Suffragist'' in 1919<ref name="Suffragist waiting">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=Waiting|journal=The Suffragist|date=May 17|year=1919|month=May|volume=7|issue=19}}</ref> is a powerful portray of an unending mass of strong-bodied women two with babies in their arms, holding a lighted torch while waiting for political recognition through suffrage.

In 1918, in its second year of publication, Cornelia Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref> Her earliest contribution was "We Accuse Society."<ref name="We Accuse">{{cite journal|last=Barns|first=Cornelia|title=We Accuse Society|journal=Birth Control Review|year=1917|month=December|volume=1|pages=5}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:14:58Z

Maineshepp: /* Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
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| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
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| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
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| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
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| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was anounced as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> In 1918, in its second year of publication, Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:14:14Z

Maineshepp: /* Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
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| party =
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| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was listed as a contributing editor to ''The Liberator'', along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> In 1918, in its second year of publication, Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:12:54Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
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| television =
| title =
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| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
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| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
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| signature =
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| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries. It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was listed as a contributing editor, along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> In 1918, in its second year of publication, Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:12:11Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and is believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was listed as a contributing editor, along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> In 1918, in its second year of publication, Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:10:51Z

Maineshepp:

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| name = Cornelia Barns
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = 
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Cornelia Baxter Barns
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|25}}
| birth_place = Flushing, New York, US
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|11|04|1888|09|25}}
| death_place = Los Gatos, Califirnia, US
| death_cause = tuberculosis
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], [[New York City]], [[Berkeley, California]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship =
| education = Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts
| alma_mater =
| occupation = artist
| years_active = 1911-1941
| employer = ''Oakland Post Enquirer'', ''[[Sunset Magazine]]''
| organization = Socialist Party
| agent =
| known_for = Illustrations for ''[[the Masses]]'', art editor ''[[Birth Control Review]]'',
| notable_works = suffrage cartoons, birth control cartoons, socialist cartoons, "My City Oakland" column
| style =
| influences = William Merritt Chase, John Twachtman
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = Arthur S. Garbett
| partner =
| children = 1
| parents = Charles Barns & Mabel Balston Barns
| relatives =
| callsign =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], [[socialist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and are believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was listed as a contributing editor, along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> In 1918, in its second year of publication, Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]

Cornelia Barns

2013-01-28T16:10:02Z

Maineshepp: /* Becoming an Artist */

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'''Cornelia Baxter Barns''' (1888–1941) was an [[artist]], [[feminist]], and [[political cartoonist]].<ref name=Zurier>{{cite book|last=Zurier|first=Rebecca|title=Art for the Masses|year=1988|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=0877225133|pages=216}}</ref>
== Family and Early Life ==
Cornelia Barns was was born on September 25, 1888 in [[Flushing, New York]],<ref name=Sheppard /> the oldest of three children born to Charles E. Barns and Mabel Balston Barns. In the 1892 New York census and again in 1900 Charles Barns is listed as "author" or "journalist". <ref name="Flushing 1892">{{cite web|title=Charles E Barnes, , Flushing, , 02, Queens, New York.|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X3XH-BC2|work=New York, State Census, 1892,|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census 1900">{{cite web|title=1900; Census Place: Queens Ward 3, Queens, New York;|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1900usfedcen&indiv=try&h=56466527|work=1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line].|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> By 1910 the family settled in Philadelphia, where Charles Barns took on the occupation of theater manager.<ref name="Census 1910">{{cite web|title=Philadelphia Ward 46, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|work=1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref>

== Becoming an Artist ==
[[File:Barns 1913 the Masses.jpg|thumb|"As They Pass By," cover by Cornelia Barns. ''[[The Masses]]'', September 1913.]]
Cornelia Barns studied art at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]],<ref name=AskArt>{{cite web|title=Cornelia Baxter Barns (1888 - 1941)|url=http://www.askart.com/askart/artist.aspx?artist=66576|publisher=AskArt|accessdate=17 Jan. 2013}}</ref> where she was a pupil of [[William Merritt Chase]] and [[John Twachtman]].<ref name=Zurier /> She has been mentioned as an associate of [[Robert Henri]] and his [[Ashcan school]].<ref name="Arthur Garbett" /> Her work was honored by receiving two traveling scholarships from the Academy. <ref name=Zurier /> In her mid-twenties she married Arthur S. Garbett, a British music critic working in Philadelphia.<ref name="Arthur Garbett">{{cite web|last=Hanley|first=Terence E.|title=Arthur Selwyn Garbett (1883-1955)|work=Tellers of Wierd Tales|accessdate=26 Jan 2013}}</ref> The couple gave birth to a son in Philadelphia, and are believed to have spent a couple years in [[New York City]].

[[Max Eastman]], recalled the early days in his assigned role as editor of ''[[The Masses]]'', during which the following incident took place around 1913.
: “Cornelia Barns, an elf-eyed girl with smooth brown hair, turned up with the picture that was brilliantly comic and not like anything else in the world.<ref name="Eastman 1948">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Living|year=1948|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|pages=407}}</ref>
Cornelia Barns' artistic style relied on heavy crayon lines and a distinctive comic style in her portrayals of pretentiousness, social privilege, male dominance, and childhood innocence.

In another work Max Eastman wrote,
: "[T]he drawings of [[Art Young]] and Cornelia Barns and [[William Gropper]] were of their own intrinsic nature comic. Captions here were unnecessary, or were at least a supplemental element––often, in fact, supplied by the editors in the office."<ref name="Eastman 1936">{{cite book|last=Eastman|first=Max|title=Enjoyment of Laughter|year=1936|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|pages=72}}</ref>

“American Salon of Humorists" was a 1915 exhibit held in New York City at the Folsom Galleries It was organized by Louis Baury, <ref name="Wanted salon">{{cite journal|last=Baury|first=Louis|journal=The Bookman|year=1915|month=June|pages=5250540|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1915jan-00525|accessdate=27 Jan 2013}}</ref> and Cornelia Barns was one the twenty-three featured artists.<ref name="American salon1">{{cite news|title=Humor has its First Salon|accessdate=27 January 2013|newspaper=Washington Herold|date=6 June 1915}}</ref> She may have been a relative newcomer to the art scene of New York, but she was rising rapidly.

== Suffrage and Socialism: The New York City Years ==
[[File:Barns_United.jpg|thumb|Cartoon by Cornelia Barns. "United We Stand: Anti-
Suffrage Meeting," November 1914. Published in ''[[The Masses]]''.]]
[[File:Birth Con Rev 1918.jpg|thumb|Cover of ''[[Birth Control Review]]'' February-March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."]]
From 1913 to 1917 Barns was a frequent contributor to ''[[The Masses]]'', a [[socialist]] magazine that attracted a highly talented group of writers and artists. For three years, Barns served on its editorial board.
As art historian Rebecca Zurier commented,
:"The closest thing to a feminist statement by a woman ''Masses'' editor appears in the cartoons of Cornelia Barns, who refrained from any serious social analysis."<ref name=Zurier />
When publication of ''The Masses'' was suspending following government charges, a new magazine, [[The Liberator (magazine)|''The Liberator'']] was founded by [[Max Eastman]] and [[Crystal Eastman]]. In the February 10, 1918 issue of the ''[[New York Call]]'', Cornelia was listed as a contributing editor, along with fellow cartoonist/illustrators [[Robert Minor]], [[Boardman Robinson]] and [[Art Young]].<ref name="Call 1918a">{{cite news|title=The Liberator is Now on Sale|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|newspaper=New York Call|date=10 Feb 1918}}</ref> In 1925 the ''[[New Masses]]'' was announced as "A new radical magazine of arts and letters, without political affiliations or obligations but with sympathy and allegiance unqualifiedly with the international labor movement. . ." <ref name="New Masses 1925">{{cite news|title=Radical Magazine Backed By $1,500,000|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html|accessdate=26 Jan 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Dec 1925}}</ref> Once again, Cornelia Barns was listed as a contributing editor.<ref name="New Masses 1925" />

Within socialist periodicals, many cartoons by Cornelia Barns pertained to the topic of [[women's suffrage]] and [[gender equality]]. As might be expected, she also published cartoons in the suffrage magazines including New York City's ''Woman Voter'' and the [[National Woman's Party]]'s ''Suffragist.''<ref name=Sheppard /> In 1918, in its second year of publication, Barns and Lou Rogers were listed as art editors for [[Margaret Sanger]]'s ''[[Birth Control Review]]''.<ref name=Sheppard>{{cite book|last=Sheppard|first=Alice|title=Cartooning for Suffrage|year=1994|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque}}</ref>

== Years in California ==

In 1920 Cornelia Barns moved to California with her husband, Arthur S. Garbett,<ref name=Zurier /> and their young son. They settled on a ranch near her parents, who had moved to [[Morgan Hill]], several years earlier. <ref name="Evening News 1920">{{cite news|last=Jose|first=Donna|title=Of Interest to Women, Society|url=www.genealogybank.com|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=San Jose Evening News|date=13 July 1920}}</ref> Seeking job opportunities, the Garbetts next moved to [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. She turned mostly to illustration, and was illustrating for [[Sunset (magazine)|Sunset]] by 1921.<ref name=Sunset>{{cite news|title=The Magazines: Sunset|accessdate=27 Jan 2013|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=29 May 1921}}</ref> She was soon contributing a feature column for ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'', "My City Oakland". Barns remained in California until her death in November 1941 from tuberculosis.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=California, Death Index, 1940-1997 [database on-line].|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&new=1&MSAV=1&msT=1&gss=angs-g&gsfn=Cornelia&gsln=Barns&msbdy=1888&cpxt=0&catBucket=rstp&uidh=e53&cp=12&pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&h=2559755&recoff=6+19+20+55&db=CAdeath1940&indiv=1|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=21 Jan 2013}}</ref> It was speculated that years of using zinc [[etching|etching acids]] in poorly ventilated studios had damaged her lungs. Following a flood in the family dwelling, few of her original artworks survive.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=15923260}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barns,Cornelia
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Cartoonist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Philadelphia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1941
| PLACE OF DEATH = Los Gatos, CA
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barns, Cornelia}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:American editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:Women artists]]
[[Category:Socialism]]