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Findet Dorie

2015-01-12T06:41:18Z

LogAntiLog: Reverted 2 pending edits by 115.188.14.211 to revision 642097001 by 67.10.109.105: syntax broken

{{pp-pc1}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Finding Dory
| image = Finding Dory film poster.png
| caption = Film poster
| border = no
| director = [[Andrew Stanton]] 
| producer = Lindsey Collins
| screenplay = Andrew Stanton
| story = Victoria Strouse Andrew Stanton
| starring = {{plain list|1=
* [[Ellen DeGeneres]]
* [[Albert Brooks]]
* [[Diane Keaton]]
* [[Eugene Levy]]
* [[Ty Burrell]]
* [[Willem Dafoe]]
* [[Vicki Lewis]]
* [[Kaitlin Olson]]
* [[Idris Elba]]
* [[Dominic West]]
}}
| music = [[Thomas Newman]]<ref name=WhaleNewman>{{cite news|last=Barcomb|first=James|title=Thomas Newman to score Finding Dory|url=http://www.pixarne.ws/thomas-newman-to-score-finding-dory/|accessdate=June 6, 2014|newspaper=The Whale|date=June 6, 2014}}</ref>
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = [[Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Pixar Animation Studios]]
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|6|17}}
| runtime =
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Finding Dory''''' is an upcoming [[3D film|3D]] [[computer-animated films|computer-animated]] film produced by [[Pixar|Pixar Animation Studios]] and released by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. It is a sequel to the 2003 Pixar film ''[[Finding Nemo]]''. [[Andrew Stanton]], who directed the original film, will return as writer and director,<ref name="HR1">{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Andrew Stanton to Direct Pixar's 'Finding Nemo' Sequel|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|accessdate=2 April 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=7 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="WSJ1">{{cite news|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|title=Ellen DeGeneres to Star in ‘Nemo’ Sequel ‘Finding Dory’|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2013/04/02/ellen-degeneres-to-star-in-nemo-sequel-finding-dory/|accessdate=2 April 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2 April 2013}}</ref> alongside [[Angus MacLane]] as the co-director.<ref name="covered">{{cite news | url=http://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/angus-maclane-codirecting-finding-dory-andrew-stanton | title=Angus MacLane Co-Directing Finding Dory With Andrew Stanton | author=Isaac Feldberg | date=2014-06-11 | publisher=We Got This Covered | accessdate=July 10, 2014}}</ref> The film is scheduled to be released on June 17, 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='The Good Dinosaur' moved to 2015, leaving Pixar with no 2014 film|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-pixar-good-dinosaur-pushed-to-2015-20130918,0,1607398.story|accessdate=18 September 2013|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=18 September 2013}}</ref> It has also been confirmed that characters from the first film will appear in the sequel, including Dory, Nemo, Marlin and the "Tank Gang".<ref name = "Dory">{{cite web|last=Risley|first=Matt|title=Pixar confirm Finding Nemo sequel|url=http://www.totalfilm.com/news/pixar-confirm-finding-nemo-sequel-finding-dory|accessdate=2 April 2013|publisher=Total Film|date=2 April 2013}}</ref>

==Plot==
''Finding Dory'' will be focused on the [[Amnesia|amnesiac]] character Dory, and will explore the idea of her being reunited with her family.<ref name="Dory" /> The film will take place one year after the events of ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' and will be set off the coast of [[California]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Zeitchik|first=Steven|title=Ellen DeGeneres' 'Nemo' sequel, 'Finding Dory,' set for 2015|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-finding-nemo-sequel-release-date-dory-ellen-degeneres-20130402,0,2156856.story|accessdate=2 April 2013|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=2 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lussier|first=Germain|title=‘Finding Nemo’ Sequel Officially Called ‘Finding Dory,’ Releases November 25, 2015|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/finding-nemo-sequel-officially-called-finding-dory-releases-november-25-2015/#more-169278|publisher=/Film|accessdate=2 April 2013}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Ellen DeGeneres]] as Dory, a [[Paracanthurus hepatus|Pacific regal blue tang]]<ref name=THRcast/>
* [[Albert Brooks]] as Marlin, a [[Ocellaris clownfish|clownfish]], Nemo's father<ref name=THRcast/>
* [[Diane Keaton]] as Jenny, Dory's mother<ref name=THRcast>{{cite news|last=Schillaci|first=Sophie|title=D23: Disney Sets Voice Casts for 'Finding Dory,' 'Inside Out' and 'Good Dinosaur'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/d23-ty-burrell-diane-keaton-603503|accessdate=August 9, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Eugene Levy]] as Charlie, Dory's father<ref name=THRcast/>
* [[Ty Burrell]] as Bailey, a [[beluga whale]]<ref name=THRcast/>
* [[Willem Dafoe]] as Gill, a [[moorish idol]] who was one of Nemo's fellow tank inhabitants in the first film<ref>{{cite web|title=Willem Dafoe confirms he’s back for Finding Dory|url=http://www.totalfilm.com/news/willem-dafoe-confirms-he-s-back-for-finding-dory|publisher=[[Total Film]]|accessdate=October 7, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Vicki Lewis]] as Deb (and her sister,"Flo", Deb's reflection), a [[Dascyllus melanurus|four-striped damselfish]] who was one of Nemo's fellow tank inhabitants in the first film<ref>{{cite news|last=Schaefer|first=Sandy|title=Willem Dafoe Back for ‘Finding Dory’; Says the Film Will Be Better Than ‘Finding Nemo’|url=http://screenrant.com/finding-dory-nemo-sequel-cast-willem-dafoe-gill/|accessdate=January 26, 2014|newspaper=Screen Rant|date=September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Diane Keaton, Eugene Levy confirmed for Finding Dory|url=http://stcommunities.straitstimes.com/movies/2013/08/13/diane-keaton-eugene-levy-confirmed-finding-dory|accessdate=January 26, 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times Communities|date=August 13, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Kaitlin Olson]] as Dory's adopted sister, a [[killer whale]]<ref>{{cite web|title=It's Always Sunny in Kaitlin Olson's World|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_Fpb0cXUuA|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=November 25, 2013|author=Made Man|date=November 25, 2013|time=17:05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Topel|first=Fred|title=Exclusive Interview: Kaitlin Olson On It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia|url=http://voice.fan.tv/2013/09/03/exclusive-interview-kaitlin-olson-on-its-always-sunny-in-philadelphia/|accessdate=December 23, 2013|newspaper=Fan|date=September 3, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Dominic West]]<ref name=SlashTheWire>{{cite web|last1=Han|first1=Angie|title=‘Finding Dory’ Reunites Two Favorites From ‘The Wire’|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/finding-dory-idris-elba-dominic-west/|publisher=/Film|accessdate=September 11, 2014|date=September 11, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Idris Elba]]<ref name=SlashTheWire />

It was also announced that Nemo and the rest of the "Tank Gang" would return, as well as many of the other original characters from ''Nemo'', in addition to several new ones that have yet to be announced.<ref>{{cite web|last=Doty|first=Meriah|title=Move Over, Nemo: Disney Announces Ellen-Powered ‘Finding Dory’ Sequel|url=http://movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-talk/dory-keeps-swimming-finding-nemo-sequel-170302573.html|work=Movie Talk on Yahoo! Movies|publisher=Yahoo! Inc.|accessdate=April 27, 2013}}</ref> It is unknown if Jacques will reappear for the sequel because his voice actor, [[Joe Ranft]], died in a car accident on August 16, 2005, during production of ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]''. It is also unknown if Nemo's voice actor [[Alexander Gould]], who was nine years old at the time the first film was made, will be voicing the character again, as his voice has deepened with age.<ref>{{cite web|title=Finding Nemo star loses his character's voice|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/21950542|work=BBC - News|publisher=BBC|accessdate=March 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wyatt|first=Daisy|title='Finding Nemo' sequel 'Finding Dory' to star Ellen DeGeneres for 2015 release |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/finding-nemo-sequel-finding-dory-to-star-ellen-degeneres-for-2015-release-8557914.html|work=|publisher=The Independent|accessdate=April 3, 2013|location=London|date=April 3, 2013}}</ref>

==Production==
[[File:Finding Dory.svg|thumb|Official film logo]]
In 2005, after disagreements between [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney's]] [[Michael Eisner]] and Pixar's [[Steve Jobs]] over the distribution of Pixar's films, Disney announced that they would be creating a new animation studio, [[Circle 7 Animation]], to make sequels to the seven Disney-owned Pixar films (which consisted of the films released between 1995 and 2006).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2005/08/08/655.aspx|title=The Skinny on Circle Seven|first=Jim|last=Hill|date=August 7, 2005|accessdate=March 27, 2012}}</ref> The studio had put ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' and ''[[Monsters University|Monsters, Inc. 2]]'' into development, and had also hired screenwriter Laurie Craig to write a draft for ''Finding Nemo 2''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animatedviews.com/2012/bob-hilgenberg-and-rob-muir-on-the-rise-and-fall-of-disneys-circle-7-animation/|title=Bob Hilgenberg and Rob Muir on the Rise and Fall of Disney’s Circle 7 Animation|first=Josh|last=Armstrong|date=March 5, 2012|accessdate=March 27, 2012}}</ref> Circle 7 was subsequently shut down after [[Bob Iger|Robert Iger]] replaced Eisner as CEO of Disney and arranged the acquisition of Pixar.

In July 2012, it was reported that [[Andrew Stanton]] was developing a sequel to ''Finding Nemo'',<ref name="sequel">{{cite web|url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/07/john-carter-helmer-andrew-stanton-dives-back-into-animation-with-finding-nemo-sequel|title=‘John Carter’ Helmer Andrew Stanton Dives Back Into Animation With ‘Finding Nemo’ Sequel |publisher=Deadline.com |accessdate=July 18, 2012}}</ref> with Victoria Strouse writing the script and a schedule to be released in 2016.<ref name="FN2">{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Andrew Stanton to Direct Pixar's 'Finding Nemo' Sequel|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrew-stanton-pixar-finding-nemo-sequel-350267|accessdate=July 17, 2012|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 17, 2012}}</ref> However, the same day the news of a potential sequel broke, director Andrew Stanton posted a message on his personal Twitter calling into question the accuracy of these reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from ''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]''? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling"<ref>{{cite web|last=Stanton|first=Andrew|title=@andrewstanton|url=https://twitter.com/andrewstanton/status/225380771039420416|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref> According to the report by ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' published in August 2012, [[Ellen DeGeneres]] was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rose|first=Lacey|title=Ellen DeGeneres in Talks to Return for 'Finding Nemo' Sequel (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ellen-degeneres-finding-nemo-sequal-pixar-364553|accessdate=August 22, 2012|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 21, 2012}}</ref> In September 2012, it was confirmed by Stanton saying: "What was immediately on the list was writing a second ''[[John Carter (film)|Carter]]'' movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to ''Carter'' not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit."<ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title=Director Andrew Stanton looks back on 'John Carter's' rocky path|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-john-carter-director-20120908,0,4090564,full.story|accessdate=September 8, 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 8, 2012}}</ref> In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that [[Albert Brooks]] would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming Jr.|first=Mike|title=Albert Brooks Hooks Deal To Reprise In ‘Finding Nemo 2′|url=http://www.deadline.com/2013/02/albert-brooks-hooks-deal-to-reprise-in-finding-nemo-2/|accessdate=February 12, 2013|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=February 12, 2013}}</ref>

In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel, ''Finding Dory'', for November 25, 2015, confirming that [[Ellen DeGeneres]] and [[Albert Brooks]] would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively.<ref name=THRDory2015 /> Following a long campaign for a sequel on ''[[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]]'', DeGeneres stated:

{{quote|I have waited for this day for a long, long, long, long, long, long time. I'm not mad it took this long. I know the people at Pixar were busy creating ''Toy Story 16''. But the time they took was worth it. The script is fantastic. And it has everything I loved about the first one: It's got a lot of heart, it's really funny, and the best part is—it's got a lot more Dory.<ref name=THRDory2015>{{cite news|last=Zakarin|first=Jordan|title=Pixar's 'Finding Nemo' Sequel Titled 'Finding Dory,' Set for 2015|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/finding-dory-pixars-finding-nemo-432329|accessdate=January 12, 2014|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 2, 2013}}</ref>}}

In a ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' interview, Stanton talked about the sequel's origin: "There was polite inquiry from Disney [about a ''Finding Nemo'' sequel]. I was always 'No sequels, no sequels.' But I had to get on board from a [[Vice president|VP]] standpoint. (Sequels) are part of the necessity of our staying afloat, but we don't want to have to go there for those reasons. We want to go there creatively, so we said (to Disney), 'Can you give us the timeline about when we release them? Because we'd like to release something we actually want to make, and we might not come up with it the year you want it.'"<ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title=With 'Despicable Me 2' and more, movies revisit the sequel debate|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-ca-despicable-me-2-sequels-20130707,0,6099932,full.story|accessdate=August 7, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=July 5, 2013}}</ref>

The film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed ''[[Blackfish (film)|Blackfish]]'', a film which focuses on dangers of keeping [[Killer whale|orca whales]] in captivity. Initially, some of the characters would end up in a [[SeaWorld]]-like marine park, but the revision gave them an option to leave.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|title='Blackfish' gives Pixar second thoughts on 'Finding Dory' plot|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-blackfish-seaworld-finding-dory-pixar-20130808,0,7662071.story|accessdate=9 August 2013|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=9 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Barnes|first=Brooks|title=‘Finding Nemo’ Sequel Is Altered in Response to Orcas Documentary|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/09/finding-nemo-sequel-is-altered-in-response-to-orcas-documentary/?_r=0|accessdate=10 August 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=9 August 2013}}</ref> On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a June 17, 2016 release. Pixar's ''[[The Good Dinosaur]]'' was moved to the November 25, 2015 slot to allow more time for production of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/pixar-skips-2014-as-the-good-dinosaur-shifts-to-2015-and-finding-dory-to-2016/ |title=Pixar Skips 2014 as ‘The Good Dinosaur’ Shifts to 2015 and ‘Finding Dory’ to 2016 | /Film |publisher=Slashfilm.com |date=2013-09-18 |accessdate=2013-10-24}}</ref>

In June 2014, it was revealed through Stanton's Twitter that the film will be co-directed by [[Angus MacLane]].<ref name="slashfilm1">{{cite news | url=http://www.slashfilm.com/pixar-finding-dory-co-director-inside-out-details | title=Pixar Updates: ‘Finding Dory’ Gets Co-Director, More ‘Inside Out’ Details Revealed | author=Angie Han | date=2014-06-11 | publisher=[[/Film]] | accessdate=July 10, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
''Finding Dory'' is scheduled to be released on June 17, 2016.<ref name="HR1"/><ref name="WSJ1"/>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Film|Animation|Disney}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2277860}}
* {{bcdb title|143826}}

{{Navboxes | title = ''Finding Dory''| list =
{{Finding Nemo}}
{{Andrew Stanton}}
{{Pixar}}
}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 computer-animated films]]
[[Category:American animated films]]
[[Category:Films about fish]]
[[Category:Films directed by Andrew Stanton]]
[[Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Finding Nemo]]
[[Category:Films set in the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Films set in California]]
[[Category:Pixar animated films]]
[[Category:Sequel films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]]
[[Category:2010s American animated films]]

Aitzaz Ahsan

2014-09-05T06:58:46Z

LogAntiLog: Reverted to revision 624255139 by 39.48.100.234 (talk): Rv vandalism (abusive) . (TW)

{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix =
|name =Chaudhry Aitzaz Ahsan
|honorific-suffix =
|colorcode = 
|image = Aitzaz ahsan.jpg
|imagesize =
|smallimage = 
|alt =
|caption =Aitzaz Ahsan
|order =[[Law Minister of Pakistan|19th]] [[Law Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Law and]] [[Ministry of Justice (Pakistan)|Justice]]
|office =
|term_start =October 21, 1993
|term_end = November 5, 1996
|alongside = 
|vicepresident =
|viceprimeminister =
|deputy =
|lieutenant =
|monarch =
|president =[[Farooq Leghari]]
|primeminister =[[Benazir Bhutto]]
|taoiseach =
|chancellor =
|governor =
|governor-general =
|governor_general =
|succeeding = 
|predecessor =[[Rana Sanaullah Khan]]
|successor =[[Ashtar Ausaf Ali]]
|constituency =
|majority =
|order2 =[[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)#List of Interior Ministers of Pakistan|25th]] [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Minister of Interior]]
|office2 = 
|term_start2 =December 4, 1988
|term_end2 =August 6, 1990
|alongside2 = 
|vicepresident2 = 
|viceprimeminister2 = 
|deputy2 = 
|lieutenant2 = 
|monarch2 = 
|president2 =[[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]]
|primeminister2 = [[Benazir Bhutto]]
|governor2 = 
|succeeding2 = 
|predecessor2 =[[Vice Admiral|VAdm]] [[Malik Nasim Ahmed Aheer|Malik Nasim Ahmad]]
|successor2 =[[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain|Ch. Schuja'at Hussain]]
|constituency2 = [[Constituency NA-124]]
|majority2 = 
|order3 =[[President]] of [[Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan|Supreme Court Bar Association]]
|office3 = 
|term_start3 =25 November 2007
|term_end3 =28 October 2008
|predecessor3 =[[Munir A. Malik]]
|successor3 =[[Ali Ahmad Kurd]]
|lieutenant3 =[[Asma Jahangir]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|09|27}}
| birth_place = [[Murree]], [[British Indian Empire]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = [[Pakistan]]i
| party = [[Pakistan Peoples Party|Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)]]
| otherparty = 
| spouse = Bushra aityzaz
| relations =
| children =
| residence = [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| alma_mater =[[Government College University, Lahore]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) [[Downing College, Cambridge|Downing College]], Cambridge ([[Master of Laws|LLM]] and [[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| occupation =Lawyer
| profession = [[Barrister|Barrister-at-Law]] [[Politician|statesman]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| cabinet =[[Bainazir Bhuttoo Government]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chaudhry Aitzaz Ahsan Choothiya''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|چودھری اعتزاز احسن}}}}; b. 27 September 1945) is a [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] [[barrister]], veteran [[activist]]-[[politician]], [[Constitutional theory|constitutional theorist]] and a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[:wikt:statesman|statesman]] who serves as the [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Senate of Pakistan]].<ref>[http://www.senate.gov.pk/en/profile.php?uid=764 Aitzaz Ahsan (Leader of the Opposition)]</ref>

Ahsan is a has been a member of [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] since 1975 when he become the [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Planning and Development Minister]] for [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. After the [[Operation Fair Play]] Ahsan became a prominent figure of the [[Movement for the Restoration of Democracy]]. Ahsan was elected to the National Assembly from Lahore in 1988, he was again elected to the National Assembly in 1990 and 2002, while served in the senate between 1994 till 1999.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/689029/chaudhry-aitzaz-ahsan Chaudhry Aitzaz Ahsan Bio]</ref>

Ahsan served twice in the cabinet of [[Benazir Bhutto]] between 1988 till 1990 and 1993 and 1996 as first the [[Pakistan Ministry of Interior|Interior minister of Pakistan]] and then as the [[Minister for Law, Justice and Human Rights (Pakistan)|Minister for Law, Justice and Human Rights]]. After the [[assassination of Benazir Bhutto]] Ahsan became distant member of the Peoples party,<ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/islamabad/11-Apr-2014/zardari-snubs-aitzaz-over-questioning-party-performance-in-sindh Zardari snubs Aitzaz over questioning party performance in Sindh]</ref> however he was elected as Senator in 2012 and his wife was awarded party ticket to contest 2013 general elections, which she lost.<ref>[http://app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=172867&Itemid=2 Aitzaz Ahsan’s entering in main PPP activities to strengthen party]</ref><ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/549105/manzoor-wattoo-resigns-from-ppp-post/ PPP downfall: Aitzaz Ahsan resigns from Senate]</ref>

Ahsan served as the president of the [[Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan|Supreme Court Bar Association]] of Pakistan, he was also the [[de facto]] leader<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/magazine/01PAKISTAN-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 The Lawyers’ Crusade]</ref> of the popular [[Lawyers' Movement]] which lead to the restoration of an independent judiciary in Pakistan, during which he was jailed several times.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/lawyers-leader-aitzaz-ahsan-freed/article1-279401.aspx Lawyers' leader Aitzaz Ahsan freed]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/561678/fresh-adjustments-zafarul-haq-appointed-senate-house-leader/ |title=Fresh adjustments: Zafarul Haq appointed Senate house leader |publisher=The Express Tribune |date=2013-06-11 |accessdate=2013-11-17}}</ref> As a senior member lawyer, Ahsan has represented the case of several prime minister's including [[Nawaz Sharif]], [[Benazir Bhutto]] and [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]], also of formar chief justice [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]].<ref>[http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/111/article_3233.asp Chief Justice Chaudhry reinstated]</ref>

==Early life and education==

Aitzaz Ahsan was born in [[Murree]], [[Rawalpindi District]] of [[Punjab (British India)|British-controlled]] [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab Province]]. He was educated at a private high school{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} and attended the two-year [[Aitchison College]].<ref name="aa"/>

He [[College transfer|transferred]] from Aitchison to the [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College University]] (GCU) in 1963, where he studied law. In 1965, he graduated with a BA degree.<ref name="aa"/>

Ahsan went to [[United Kingdom]] to read Law at the [[University of Cambridge]] and studied at [[Downing College, Cambridge|Downing College]] where he completed a Law Tripos and obtained a BA and MA in 1967. Upon graduating, Ahsan was called to the Bar at [[Gray's Inn]] in 1967.<ref name="aa">{{cite web|url=http://www.aitzazahsan.com/profile.htm|title=Aitzaz Ahsan : AitzazAhsan.com|publisher=Aitzaz|accessdate=2009-11-10| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091026162546/http://www.aitzazahsan.com/profile.htm| archivedate= 26 October 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Statesmanship and parliamentary services===

Despite having belong to a ''[[bourgeoisie]]'' family,{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Ahsan's interest further grew in [[Socialism|left-wing]] ideas, initially taking cases at the [[Lahore High Court]] against industrialists and powerful feudal families.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} In 1975 he became an active member of the [[Socialism in Pakistan|left-leaning]] [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP). In his writings and speeches, Ahsan wrote in support of [[left-wing politics|left-wing]] politics and [[social democracy]] in Pakistan.

On the PPP's political platform, Ahsan secured his electoral membership of the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|Punjab Assembly]] in 1977. His name for the nomination came after his senior associate [[Chaudhry Anwar Samma|Anvar Sama]] was assassinated in a [[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]] political rally during the [[Pakistani general elections, 1977|general elections]] held in 1977. Initially, Ahsan was appointed as a minister of [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Pakistan)|Ministry of Information and Mass-media Broadcasting]], by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]].<ref name="aa"/>

He lost his PPP membership after resigning his ministry appointment, after learning the news of [[Punjab Police (Pakistan)|Police]] opening fire on a rally of lawyers during the [[Pakistan National Alliance|PNA]] demonstrations against the alleged rigging of elections by the PPP government in 1977.<ref name="aa"/>

Though he maintained his relations with the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] and rejoined the PPP following the [[1977 Pakistani coup d'état|1977 military coup d'état]] led by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|chief of army staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]]. He consistently followed up with the case hearing by the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] of Pakistan against Bhutto in 1978.<ref name="aa"/>

Ahsan renewed his public and political activities and actively became involved with the leftist alliance the [[Movement for the Restoration of Democracy]] led under various Marxist leaders. For his participation in the MRD he was repeatedly imprisoned.<ref name="aa"/> Ahsan was elected to the National Assembly as a PPP candidate in 1988, serving as Minister for Law and Justice, the Interior and Narcotics Control, before winning re-election in 1990 and losing in 1993. In 1994 he was elected to the [[Senate of Pakistan]], where he sat as Leader of the Opposition until 1999. He was re-elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as a Peoples Party candidate in the 2002 General Elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=1242|title=PPP - Aitzaz Ahsan's profile|publisher=[[Pakistani People's Party]]|accessdate=2009-11-10}}</ref>

===Law career===

Ahsan is a Senior Advocate in the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]], and senior partner of the firm [http://www.aitzazahsanlaw.com Aitzaz Ahsan & Associates],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaa-law.net |title=:-Aitzaz Ahsan & Associates-: |publisher=Aaa-law.net |date= |accessdate=2013-11-17}}</ref> consistently given the highest rank by Chambers and Partners' ranking of legal professionals.<ref>[http://www.corporatecounsel.co.uk/global/resultseditorial.aspx?fid=91614&cid=75&pid=467&solbar=1&grouptype=1#91614 Aitzaz Ahsan Firm profile]{{dead link|date=September 2013}}</ref> He also made legal history by having defended three Prime Ministers in the court of law. Having previously fought cases in defence of [[Benazir Bhutto]] in 2001, he took up the case for the defence of former prime minister [[Nawaz Sharif]].

During his tenure as a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] he was a member of the Standing Committee on Interior and the Standing Committee on Public Accounts.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

====Chief Justice case====
{{Main|Suspension of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry}}
Ahsan and his team, consisting of Shahid Saeed, Gohar Khan and Nadeem Ahmed successfully represented [[Chief Justice of Pakistan]], Justice [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]]'s case in the Supreme Court of Pakistan [PLD 2007 SC 578]. They were pitted against a team consisting of 16 senior lawyers representing the Federation. The hearing was being conducted by a full court headed by Justice Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday, and the 13-member panel reinstated the Chief Justice, declaring his suspension by [[Pervez Musharraf]] regime "illegal."

====Contempt of Court case and subsequent disqualification of PM Gilani====
In 2011 he was the defense lawyer for [[Yousaf Raza Gillani]], when Pakistan's Supreme Court charged him with contempt.<ref>{{cite web|last=Khan |first=Sumera |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/370187/gilani-to-appeal-contempt-conviction-aitzaz-ahsan/ |title=Gilani to appeal contempt conviction: Aitzaz Ahsan |publisher=The Express Tribune |date= |accessdate=2013-11-17}}</ref> During the trial in Court his objections including jurisdictional and on merit were rejected and Gilani was convicted with punishment to remain in Court until the rising.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Ahsan disagreed with the ruling, claiming the decision for scandalizing and ridicule of court were not in the ambit of charges put forth by Supreme court of Pakistan. The Speaker of Pakistan Parliament declared the conviction and sentence of PM of Pakistan was not on a matter of 'moral turpitude'. The sentence, she maintained, did not rise to a level of disqualification for a sitting MNA; dismissing the verdict altogether. Mr. Ahsan, announced that his client will not further appeal this matter. This ruling by the Speaker was challenged in the Supreme Court of Pakistan and on June 19, 2012, the highest court of Pakistan ruled that Mr. Gilani stands disqualified as a member of Parliament as of April 26, 2012 and also as PM of Pakistan.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

===Lawyers Movement===
{{Main|2007 Pakistani state of emergency}}
[[File:Lawyer's Movement anthem 'Kal, Aaj aur Kal', recited by Aitzaz Ahsan.ogv|thumbtime=3|thumb|200px|alt=Prominent leader of the Lawyers' Movement, Aitzaz Ahsan, recites the poem "Kal, Aaj aur Kal" which became the movement's anthem|Aitzaz Ahsan reciting his infamous poem "Kal, Aaj aur Kal" which became the anthem for the movement to restore judiciary in Pakistan.]]

Ahsan was arrested soon after the declaration of emergency and martial law,.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqKoZVFcc_k |title=youtube video 1 |publisher=Youtube.com |date= |accessdate=2013-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWZ9wyFYz98 |title=youtube video 2 |publisher=Youtube.com |date= |accessdate=2013-09-25}}</ref> At the time he and his team (Shahid Saeed, Gohar Khan and Nadeem Ahmed) were arguing against the eligibility of General Musharraf to contest the 2007 Presidential Elections before a full bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. 33 US Senators wrote to President Musharraf to release Barrister Aitzaz Ahsan immediately.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

He withdrew his papers of nomination to run for the National Parliament, in deference to the National Lawyers' Convention decision to boycott elections under Mr. Musharraf.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

He was rearrested during his three days' reprieve for celebrating a religious holiday, when he decided to offer prayers with Mr. Iftikhar Chaudhry and was heading to Islamabad. He has served detention in his house for 90 days and has declared his detention as illegal.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} He refused to abandon his work for the restoration of the judiciary, and was reluctant to negotiate when approached by Attorney General.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

Ahsan has been awarded the Asian Human Rights Defender Award by the Hong Kong-based Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), along with Munir A Malik (past President SCBA).{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The annual Award for Distinction in International Law and Affairs will be presented to Aitzaz Ahsan in asbentia as more than 5,000 lawyers gather for the annual meeting of the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA).{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

Freed for two days, Mr. Ahsan was rearrested for 30 days on 2 February 2008 before he was to board a flight to Sindh to offer his condolences to Benazir Bhutto's husband.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

===LPG Quota Scandal===

The Supreme Court was informed on Tuesday that the previous government had awarded the LPG quota allegedly in a non-transparent manner to certain individuals, including Bushra Aitzaz Ahsan of Sam Gas (2005), who is wife of Aitzaz Ahsan.<ref name="LPG Quota Scandal">[http://www.dawn.com/news/629624/rules-violated-in-awarding-lpg-quota-sc-told]</ref>

===Literary contribution===

He was the author of the book ''The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan'' and its [[Urdu]] translation, ''Sindh Sagar Aur Qyam-e-Pakistan'' which presents the cultural history of Pakistan.<ref name="PIL">[http://www.pildat.org/mna/profile.asp?detid=124 Aitzaz Ahsan representative for NA-124 , Lahore-VII]{{dead link|date=September 2013}}</ref>

He has also co-authored the book ''Divided by Democracy'' with [[Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai|Lord Meghnad Desai]] of the [[London School of Economics]].<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43341.htm Divided by Democracy/Meghnad Desai and Aitzaz Ahsan. New Delhi, Roli, 2005]{{dead link|date=September 2013}}</ref>

===Honours===

Ahsan received an Honorary [[Fellow]]ship of [[Downing College]], one of the constituent colleges of the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/dow_server/mfs/honorary_fellows/A._Ahsan.html |title=Aitzaz Ahsan Honorary Fellow - Downing College Cambridge |publisher=Dow.cam.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-09-25}}</ref> In an Internet poll of the US magazine Foreign Policy, Ahsan was voted one of the top 10 public intellectuals in the world in May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4293 |title=Top 100 Intellectuals |publisher=Foreign Policy |date= |accessdate=2013-09-25}}</ref>

In 2008, in an open online poll, Ahsan was voted into fifth place in the world on the list of [[Top 100 Public Intellectuals Poll|Top 100 Public Intellectuals]] by ''[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect Magazine]]'' ([[UK]]) and ''[[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]'' ([[United States]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/prospect-100-intellectuals/ |title=Intellectuals |publisher=Prospectmagazine.co.uk |date=2009-10-14 |accessdate=2013-09-25}}</ref>

==See also==
* [http://www.aitzazahsanlaw.com Aitzaz Ahsan & Associates]
* [[Pakistan Bar Council]] (PBC)
* [[Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan]] (SCBA)
* [[Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{more footnotes|date=November 2013}}
* [http://www.aitzazahsanlaw.com Aitzaz Ahsan & Associates Firm Website]
* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01EFDC1430F930A25752C1A9619C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print New York Times story, Nov 2007]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/28/world/asia/28islamabad.html?ref=asia&pagewanted=print New York Times story, July 2007]
* [http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsMay2003/cover3may2003.htm 2003 Interview]
* [http://www.pildat.org/mna/profile.asp?detid=124 PILDAT profile]
* [http://www.ibitians.com/category/personalities/aitzaz-ahsan/ Read Columns for Aitzaz Ahsan at IBITIANS.com (Urdu)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |title=[[Interior Minister of Pakistan]]|
years=1988 – 1990|
before=Malik Nasim Ahmed Aheer|
after=Mian Zahid Sarfraz}}
{{s-end}}
{{Socialism in Pakistan}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=17453839}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Ahsan, Aitzaz
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Pakistani lawyer and politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 27 September 1945
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Murree]], [[Pakistan]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahsan, Aitzaz}}
[[Category:Aitchison College alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistani Marxists]]
[[Category:Pakistan Peoples Party politicians]]
[[Category:Interior Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani barristers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Inns of Court School of Law]]
[[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]]
[[Category:Pakistani politicians]]
[[Category:Pakistani democracy activists]]
[[Category:Government College University, Lahore alumni]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Murree]]
[[Category:Pakistani lawyers]]
[[Category:Law firms of Pakistan]]

Linux Lite

2014-09-01T11:17:29Z

LogAntiLog: common fixes, added orphan, uncategorised tags using AWB

{{Orphan|date=September 2014}}

{{Unreviewed|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox OS
| name = Linux Lite
| logo = [[File:Linux Lite Logo.JPG|thumb]] 
| family = [[GNU/Linux]]
| developer = Jerry Bezencon
| source model = [[Free and open-source software]] and [[proprietary software]]
| working state = Active
| current state = Stable
| last release = 2.0
| date = {{Date of Release|01|06|2014}}
| web = https://www.linuxliteos.com/
| kernel = [[Linux kernel|Linux]]
| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]]
| license = [[GNU General Public License|General Public License]]
| website= [http://www.linuxliteos.com/ www.linuxliteos.com]
}}

'''Linux Lite''' is a [[Linux distribution|distribution]] of the family of [[GNU/Linux]] [[Operating Systems]], originated in [[New Zealand]], based on [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] and led by Jerry Bezencon.<ref>Lite Linux Project Leader</ref> This [[Linux distribution|distribution]] is characterized in that it is friendly to the novice user, ease of use, but also because it provides a stable and agile performance, with very little consumption of resources, thanks to its innovative desktop [[XFCE]], a lightweight single desktop.

'''Linux Lite''' is free and is designed to be fast and simple, suitable for new [[Linux]] users who want a lightweight and fully functional environment. Also, with '''Linux Lite''', anyone can give new life to that old computer he could still have abandoned somewhere in your home or office, not only due to the limited resources of the machine but also because of the high [[hardware]] requirements that are currently required for a PC<ref>Personal Computer</ref> by [[operating systems]] like [[Windows 7]], [[Windows 8]] or Windows 9.<ref>Next Operating System of Microsoft Corporation</ref>

The purpose of '''Linux Lite''' is to slowly introduce [[Windows]] users in [[Linux]], so '''Linux Lite''' is an example of how easy it can be both use [[Linux]] on old computers as well as in modern computers.

In April 2014, [[Windows XP]] stopped receiving technical support and automatic security updates from [[Microsoft Corporation]], so millions of computers were unprotected worldwide. It is for this that '''Linux Lite''' wants to exploit that gap to extend the life of these old machines and offer a new air for several years.

The '''Linux Lite''' advertising slogan is "''Simple, fast, free''".

'''Linux Lite''' is available not only in [[32-bit]] version but also in [[64-bit]] version. However, the 32-bit version is a lightweight [[Linux distribution|distribution]] for machines with limited resources.

== [[Repositories]] ==
'''Linux Lite''' includes their own [[repositories]] in the '''[[Software]] Manager'''. This facilitates the maintenance and updating of own packages as '''Lite User Manager''', '''Lite Manual''', '''Lite Fix''' and '''Lite Software''', which is a script that allows you to add or remove additional software. It also includes several programs that are among the popular ones such as [[Skype]], [[Dropbox (service)|Dropbox]], [[Java plugin]], [[VirtualBox]], [[PlayOnLinux]], Multimedia [[Codec (disambiguation)|Codecs]], [[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Steam]] and others.

== Linux Lite is not Linpus Linux Lite ==
[[Linux]] users should be clear that '''Linux Lite''' is not the same as [[Linpus Linux Lite]]. These are two completely different distributions. So do not be confused. In this article we are referring specifically to '''Linux Lite'''.

== Releases ==
'''Last Stable Release:''' Linux Lite 2.0,<ref>Linux Lite 2.0 Release</ref> released on 1 June 2014. 
'''Previous Version:''' Linux Lite 1.0,<ref>Linux Lice 1.0 Release</ref> released on October 26, 2012.

== Hardware Requirements ==
'''Minimum Requirements for Linux Lite/32-bit'''
'''Processor:''' 700 MHz or higher; '''RAM:''' 512 MB or more; '''Hard Drive:''' 5GB or more; VGA
'''Resolution:''' 1024X768; '''Media:''' DVD drive or USB port to run the ISO image.

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.linuxliteos.com/ Official Website of Linux Lite]
* http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=lite
* http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Lite
* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlMr2n6q7QA

[[Ubuntu-based distributions|Category: Ubuntu-based distributions]]

Translate from http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Lite 
GFDL (GNU Free Documentation License) 
Note: This is a contribution to Wikipedia and the English-speaking community about Linux Lite.

{{Uncategorized|date=September 2014}}

Angriff auf den Jinnah International Airport 2014

2014-08-19T12:43:40Z

LogAntiLog: /* See also */

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{coord|24|54|24|N|67|09|39|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
|title=2014 Jinnah International Airport attack
|image={{Location map|Karachi|width=250|float=center
|caption=|mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg|marksize=10
|label='''KHI'''|position=bottom
|lat_deg=24|lat_min=54|lat_sec=24|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=67|lon_min=09|lon_sec=39|lon_dir=E
}}
|caption=Location of [[Jinnah International Airport]] (KHI) in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan
|target=[[Jinnah International Airport]]
|date=8 June 2014
|time-end=
|timezone=[[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]]
|type=[[Terrorism|Terrorist attack]]
|fatalities=36 (including 10 attackers)<ref>{{cite news | url = http://bigstory.ap.org/article/pakistani-army-airstrikes-kill-15-militants |title = Pakistan: karachi airport training center attacked| date= 10 June 2014 | accessdate = 10 June 2014|work = Associated Press}}</ref>
|injuries=18
|perps=[[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]]
}}
{{Terrorist attacks in Pakistan}}

On 8 June 2014, 10 militants armed with automatic weapons, a rocket launcher, suicide vests, and grenades attacked [[Jinnah International Airport]] in [[Karachi]], Pakistan. 36 people were killed, including all 10 attackers, and at least 18 were wounded.<ref name=aje /> The militant organisation [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) initially claimed responsibility for the attack. The attackers were foreigners of [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] origin who belonged to the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]] (IMU), an [[Al Qaeda]]-linked militant organisation that works closely with TTP.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/asia/pakistan-karachi-airport-attacks/ Drone strike in Pakistan days after airport attack, sources say]. [[CNN]].</ref><ref name="Reuters"/> The TTP later confirmed that the attack was a joint operation they executed with the IMU, who independently admitted to having supplied personnel for the attack.<ref name="Uzbeks"/><ref name="Uzbeks2"/>

Following the attack, the Pakistani military conducted a series of aerial strikes on militant hideouts in the tribal areas along the Afghan border. At least 25 militants were killed on 10 June, including foreign fighters.<ref name="25 militants"/> Two [[Drone attacks in Pakistan|drone attacks]] on 12 June also killed Uzbek, Afghan and some local militants.<ref name="drone"/> On 15 June, the Pakistani military intensified air strikes in [[North Waziristan]], and bombed eight foreign militant hideouts. At least 105 insurgents were reported killed, a majority of whom were Uzbeks, including those linked to the airport attack.<ref name="105 militants"/><ref name="150 militants"/> Some other foreign militants were also reported killed. According to military sources, a key Uzbek commander and mastermind of the attack, Abu Abdur Rehman Almani, was killed in the operation.<ref name="Almani"/> These military responses culminated in [[Operation Zarb-e-Azb]], a comprehensive [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] operation against militants in North Waziristan.<ref name="Zarb">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1112909/pakistan-launches-zarb-e-azb-military-operation-in-n-waziristan |title=Zarb-e-Azb operation: 120 suspected militants killed in N Waziristan - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-03}}</ref>

==Background==
Jinnah International Airport is Pakistan's largest and busiest airport, and serves as the hub for [[Pakistan International Airlines]] (PIA), the national flag carrier of Pakistan. Many domestic and international flights transit through the airport daily. This attack was the first large-scale incident in the airport in years, with the last major incident being the hijacking of the [[Pan Am Flight 73]] in 1986.<ref name="tribune"/><ref name="tribune3">{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/719575/terror-woes-a-dark-night-for-the-aviation-sector/|title=Terror woes: A dark night for the aviation sector|work=Express Tribune|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> Earlier in 2011, a [[PNS Mehran attack|similar attack had taken place]] on the [[PNS Mehran|Mehran naval airbase]] in Karachi, and in 2012, the [[Bacha Khan International Airport]] in Peshawar, northwest Pakistan, [[2012 Peshawar airport attack|was attacked by militants]].<ref name="guardian"/>

==Attack==
[[File:Karachi Jinnah Airport.jpg|thumb|Front view of Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. The militants launched the attack at the cargo terminal of the airport.]]
The attack began at 11:10 PM on 8 June and lasted until the morning around 4:00 AM of 9 June.<ref name="bp" /> Ten attackers divided in 2 groups, stormed at two different checkpoint and attacked the cargo terminal of the airport with <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/karachi-airport-attacked-indian-weapons-recovered-from-the-terrorists |title=Karachi Airport attacked; Indian weapons recovered from the terrorists |publisher=Nation.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> automatic weapons, hand grenades, [[rocket-propelled grenade]]s, and other explosives. The attackers were dressed as security guards, with some also wearing suicide vests. They were wearing uniforms of the [[Airports Security Force]] (ASF).<ref name=aje /> A senior Pakistani intelligence official said some of the militants tried to hijack a plane, but were unsuccessful.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/08/karachi-airport-attacked-militants-pakistan Heavy fighting at Karachi airport as militants and security forces clash | World news | theguardian.com]</ref>

[[Airports Security Force]] troops fought bravely, limited the terrorists attack and started taking them out one by one. Within 2 hours, eight of the ten militants were shot dead by the Airports Security Force troops and the remaining two blew themselves up when they were cornered. About 90 minutes after the attack began, hundreds of Rangers, Police and Army troops arrived on the scene but the majority of terrorists had already been eliminated by Airports Security Force.<ref name=wapo>{{cite news|last1=Craig|first1=Tim|title=9 killed in attack on key Pakistani airport|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/pakistan-airport-attack-kills-5/2014/06/08/9fbbbe2a-ef46-11e3-914c-1fbd0614e2d4_story.html?hpid=z1|accessdate=8 June 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=2014-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=ur-Rehman|first1=Zia|last2=Masood|first2=Salman|title=Gunmen Attack Karachi Airport, Killing at Least 6|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/09/world/asia/deadly-attack-karachi-international-airport.html|accessdate=8 June 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2014-06-08}}</ref> The siege officially ended after five hours; 28 people, including the ten terrorists, 12 ASF personnel, one [[Pakistan Rangers]] officials, a [[Sindh Police]] official, and four PIA employees (including two senior aircraft engineers)<ref name="tribune3"/> were killed in the incident.<ref name="tribune">[http://tribune.com.pk/story/719242/four-security-personnel-injured-in-attack-on-karachi-airport/ Live: Search operation underway after firing near Karachi airport – The Express Tribune]</ref> At least 18 security personnel were also injured in the attack and admitted to [[Abbasi Shaheed Hospital]].<ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Attack on Karachi Airport in Pakistan airport leaves over 23 dead|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/attack-on-karachi-airport-in-pakistan-airport-leaves-over-23-dead/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> Seven bodies that were burnt beyond recognition were also recovered from the airport's cold storage facility after a 28 hour rescue operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111784/seven-bodies-recovered-from-karachi-airports-cold-storage-facility |title=Seven bodies recovered from Karachi airport’s cold-storage facility |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>

Two aircrafts of PIA (a Boeing 747 and an Airbus A310) and one [[Air Indus]] plane were reported damaged. The PIA did not initially elaborate on damage incurred by its aircraft, although sources reported that the planes had either been hit by bullets or shrapnel pieces and received minor damages.<ref name="initial damage">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111870 Attack causes heavy losses to airlines, traders - Newspaper - DAWN.COM]</ref> Two cargo warehouses stored with imported goods to be exported were reduced to ashes, causing heavy financial losses for traders and importers.<ref name="initial damage"/> After the attack, the airport was cleared and handed over to the [[Civil Aviation Authority (Pakistan)|Civil Aviation Authority]] and ASF.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111581 Karachi airport handed over to CAA, open for operations - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> [[Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] president Abdullah Zaki expressed reservations over the security situation and its economic impact: "The situation continues to worsen and the overall insecurity of this city can exactly be gauged from the recent airport assault. Under the prevailing circumstances, even domestic travellers are afraid of visiting Karachi due to the airport attack whereas the rising lawlessness across the city along with live coverage of such incidents by TV channels is likely to keep foreigners, particularly the businessmen and investors, away from Pakistan."<ref name="initial damage"/>

===ASF academy attack===
On 10 June, just two days after the airport attack, two to four unidentified militants opened fire near an [[Airports Security Force]] academy in [[Pehlwan Goth]], Karachi, following which they retreated from Pehlwan Goth. Pehlwan Goth is a rundown area that is considered a hub of criminal elements, with police and rangers having previously conducted several raids in the area following increased incidence of [[Targeted killings in Pakistan|targeted killings in Karachi]] in 2011.<ref name="Goth">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111801/ Sharjeel lambasts Nawaz govt over Karachi attack handling - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> Security forces soon launched a search operation in the area, during which two people were detained.<ref name="FIR"/> No casualties and injuries were reported in the attack, and no breach of fence occurred. Flight operations were temporarily suspended at Jinnah International Airport for an hour due to the news, with flights being diverted to other cities, before resuming again. The Director-General of Sindh Rangers described the attack as a hit-and-run incident aimed to create panic. The TTP accepted responsibility for the incident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150330-Terrorists-open-fire-near-ASF-Academy |title=Terrorists open fire near ASF Academy |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111791 |title=TTP claims attack on Karachi ASF camp - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>

==Responsibility==
The [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) claimed responsibility for the attack, describing it as retaliation for the death of its former chief [[Hakimullah Mehsud]], who was killed in [[North Waziristan]] in a [[Drone strikes in Pakistan|drone attack]] in November 2013.<ref name=ibtimes>{{cite news|last1=Lynch|first1=Dennis|title=Militants Attack Karachi Airport In Pakistan: Live Stream And Updates|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/militants-attack-karachi-airport-pakistan-live-stream-updates-video-1595961|accessdate=8 June 2014|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=2014-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Gunfire resumes' at Karachi airport after deadly raid|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27758029|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=9 June 2014|date=2014-06-09}}</ref> The TTP also confirmed that the perpetrators were foreigners of [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] ethnicity, belonging to the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]] (IMU), an [[Al Qaeda]]-affiliated organisation that works closely with TTP and is banned by several governments including Pakistan.<ref name="Uzbeks"/><ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/621400/pakistan-bans-three-extremist-outfits-on-orders-from-china/ Pakistan bans three extremist outfits, on orders from China – The Express Tribune]</ref> TTP spokesman Shahidullah Shahid described the attack as a joint operation of TTP and IMU.<ref name="Uzbeks"/> In an online statement, the IMU accepted its role in the attack, claiming it as a revenge for Pakistani military operations against Uzbeks and other foreign militants,<ref name="Reuters">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/11/us-pakistan-militants-idUSKBN0EM14L20140611 Feared Uzbek Jihadists behind deadly Pakistan airport attack | Reuters]</ref> and provided photographs of the ten Uzbek fighters who participated in the airport attack. In the photographs, the militants were seen wearing green tunics and white trainers while carrying assault rifles in what appeared to be a mountainous region.<ref name="Uzbeks"/> The men looked young and in their early 20s.<ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/national/11-Jun-2014/islamic-movement-of-uzbekistan-takes-responsibility-for-karachi-airport-terror-attack Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan takes responsibility for Karachi airport terror attack]</ref> According to Pakistani defence analyst Imtiaz Gul, foreigners including IMU fighters had fled [[Afghanistan]] following the [[War in Afghanistan (2001-present)|U.S.-led invasion]] in 2001, and had [[Uzbeks in Pakistan|established a presence]] in the tribal areas along the Afghan border. They enjoy protection and shelter of the TTP and also provide footsoldiers for TTP's operations.<ref name="Uzbeks"/> Uzbek militants have previously been involved in large-scale attacks in Pakistan, including the [[2012 Peshawar airport attack|attack on Bacha Khan International Airport]] in Peshawar in 2012, the [[PNS Mehran attack|attack on PNS Mehran airbase]] in Karachi in 2011, and the orchestration of jail breaks in [[Bannu]] and [[Dera Ismail Khan]] in 2012 and 2013 respectively.<ref name="Uzbeks2">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27790892|title=Karachi airport: Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan claims attack|work=BBC|date=11 June 2014|accessdate=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-255982-Who-are-the-Uzbeks-launching-terror-strikes-in-Pakistan |title=Who are the Uzbeks launching terror strikes in Pakistan? |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-08-03}}</ref>

Taliban commander Abdullah Bahar dismissed the Pakistani government's recent offer of peace talks as a "tool of war" and, in a reference to Pakistani air strikes against militants, claimed the Pakistani government killed "hundreds of tribal women and children". He also warned of more attacks against the state.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/world/pakistan/karachi-airport-cleared-of-militants-after-attack-kills-28-1.1344670 Karachi airport cleared of militants after attack kills 28 | GulfNews.com]</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.ibtimes.com/pakistani-taliban-leader-says-plan-was-hijack-plane-karachi-airport-warns-worse-attacks-1596004 Pakistani Taliban Leader Says Plan Was To Hijack A Plane At Karachi Airport, Warns Of 'Worse Attacks']</ref>

TTP spokesman Shahidullah Shahid explained why the airport was targeted: "We chose a location where there would be less civilian and more official casualties." Shahid warned the group will engage "in a full-out war with the Pakistani state, starting on June 10." But "if even now the Pakistani government backs down," Shahid said, "we are ready to engage in meaningful dialogue."<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/09/world/asia/pakistan-karachi-airport-attacks/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 7 more bodies found after Pakistan airport terrorist attack - CNN.com]</ref> Shahid added that "the main goal of this attack was to damage the government, including by hijacking planes and destroying state installations."<ref name="zee">{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/karachi-airport-siege-live-pakistan-taliban-own-up-to-attack_938093.html|title=Jinnah International Airport is live and back, says Pakistan's Civil Aviation Authority|work=Zee News|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
{{Rquote|right|This act of terror is unforgivable. The state will give a fitting response to such cowardly acts of terror. Those who plan and those who execute the terrorist attacks will be defeated.|[[Khawaja Muhammad Asif]]|[[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] of Pakistan<ref name="guardian"/>}}
All operations at the airport were suspended, all flights were diverted, and the airport was evacuated following the attack. The PIA had to delay or cancel 20 flights immediately after the attack.<ref name="tribune3"/> [[Pakistan Army]] forces were deployed to the airport during the attack.<ref name=aje>{{cite web|title=Heavy fighting reported at Karachi airport|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/06/heavy-fighting-reported-at-karachi-airport-201468185852200231.html|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|accessdate=8 June 2014|date=2014-06-08}}</ref> After the operation ended, Pakistan's [[Pakistan Minister of Defence|Defence Minister]] [[Khawaja Muhammad Asif]] stated, "This act of terror is unforgivable, the state will give a befitting response to such cowardly acts of terror. Those who plan and those who execute the terrorist attacks will be defeated."<ref name="guardian">[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/09/pakistan-taliban-karachi-attack-peace-talks Pakistani Taliban claim Karachi attack and leave peace talks in crisis | World news | The Guardian]</ref>

According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', security measures at the airport have been criticised in the past. The road passing through the outer perimeter of the main terminal is guarded by the [[Airports Security Force]] armed with dowsing rods, similar to the [[ADE 651]] fake bomb detectors sold around the world by British conman [[ADE 651|Jim McCormick]], jailed for fraud in 2013. In an article titled "Why are countries still using the fake bomb detectors sold by a convicted British conman?", Leo Benedictus expressed surprise at the Pakistani officials who still believe the device works. He went on to say that not only Pakistan, but the security forces of [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], [[Kenya]] and [[Thailand]] still use the ADE 651 despite repeated warnings from the [[United States]] to stop using them.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/858184/lives-at-airport-threatened-by-bogus-bomb-detectors Lives at airport threatened by bogus bomb detectors - - DAWN.COM]</ref><ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/jun/09/fake-bomb-detectors-british-conman-pakistan-karachi-airport Why are countries still using the fake bomb detectors sold by a convicted British conman? | World news | The Guardian]</ref><ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/world/middleeast/04sensors.html?_r=0</ref> Following news of the attack, other international airports in Pakistan were put on red alert and security was increased.<ref name="FIR"/> Airports in neighbouring India were also put on high alert.<ref name="zee" />

According to some Pakistani officials, among some of the long-term implications of the attack is the fact that it may make foreign airlines wary of expanding operations in Pakistan, with many international air carriers already having scaled back their activities since 2008. Currently, there are 19 international airlines serving Pakistani airports.<ref name="tribune"/> On 11 June, [[Cathay Pacific Airways]] notified of a temporary cancellation of its flights to Karachi and stated it would continue to monitor the situation closely. The same day, Maldivian President [[Abdulla Yameen]] also postponed his state visit to Pakistan indefinitely, in view of the prevailing situation.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112030 Cathay Pacific cancels Karachi flights after Taliban attack - World - DAWN.COM]</ref> The [[Ireland cricket team]] were scheduled to play three [[One Day International]] cricket matches in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] in September 2014, but these were cancelled after the attack. The tour, if gone ahead, would have ended a five-year hiatus of international cricket in Pakistan, with no international teams having toured the country since the [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team|2009 attack]] on the Sri Lankan cricket team by militants. The attack was thought to have dashed the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]'s recent efforts to arrange international teams to tour Pakistan.<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/720352/cricket-pakistan-disappointed-after-ireland-cancel-tour/ Cricket: Pakistan disappointed after Ireland cancel tour following Karachi attack – The Express Tribune]</ref><ref name="IrelandPakistan">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/27800387 |title=Ireland tour to Pakistan called off after Karachi airport attack |accessdate=11 June 2014 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref>

A post-attack [[Cabinet Committee on National Security]] meeting was chaired by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] on 10 June. The meeting was attended by Army chief [[Raheel Sharif]], interior minister [[Nisar Ali Chaudhry]] and other high profile government and military officials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111808/meeting-on-national-security-under-way-at-pm-house |title=Civil-military leadership discuss internal security - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>

The airport and PIA are estimated to have suffered losses worth billions of rupees, with one estimate putting the accumulated loss at over Rs. 180 billion.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-3-255226-PIA-suffers-heavy-financial-losses:-officials PIA suffers heavy financial losses: officials - thenews.com.pk]</ref> [[Chief Minister of Sindh]] [[Qaim Ali Shah]] announced monetary compensation for victims of the attack.<ref>[http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/224836-Karachi-attack-Funeral-prayers-of-martyred-Ranger Karachi attack: Funeral prayers of martyred Rangers, ASF officials offered | Pakistan | Dunya News]</ref>

===Military strikes and launch of Operation Zarb-e-Azb===
{{See also|Operation Zarb-e-Azb}}
On 10 June, Pakistani security forces carried out aerial strikes in [[Tirah Valley]] of [[Khyber Agency]] in the northwestern tribal areas next to the Afghan border, during which nine militant hideouts were destroyed and at least 25 militants were killed. The aerial strikes were conducted in the wake of the attack, and were an extension of a campaign of military operations against militants being conducted since the past few months.<ref name="25 militants">[http://tribune.com.pk/story/719855/aerial-bombing-in-tirah-valley-kills-15-militants/ Aerial bombing in Tirah valley kills 25 militants – The Express Tribune]</ref> The area was believed to be used as a shelter for several anti-state militant factions and foreign fighters from [[Central Asia]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111785/at-least-25-killed-in-airstrikes-in-tirah-valley At least 25 killed in airstrikes in Tirah valley - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> According to defence analysts, the Karachi airport attack may push Islamabad to put current peace talks with militants on the backstage and lead for an all-out military offensive in [[North Waziristan]] and surrounding tribal areas along the Afghan border. According to one Pakistani security official, "the army is ready for an operation. It now all depends on the government to make a decision."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/articles/gunmen-attack-karachi-airport-1402301470|title=Pakistan Weighs Strike Against Taliban Over Airport Attack|first=Saeed|last=Shah|work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On 11 June, the Army decided to intensify air strikes on militant hideouts following a conference between top military commanders at the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]], Rawalpindi.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112021/ Army resolves to intensify air strikes against militants - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref>

On the early hours of Thursday 12 June, the U.S. conducted two successive [[Drone attacks in Pakistan|drone strikes]] near [[Miramshah]] in North Waziristan, after a nearly six month break in US drone campaigns in the tribal areas of northwest Pakistan. The drone strikes killed 16 suspected militants. According to a Pakistani intelligence sources, the militants killed included four Uzbeks, a few key Afghan Taliban commanders and members, and two members of [[Tehreek-e-Taliban Punjab|TTP Punjab]].<ref name="drone">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112050 Successive drone strikes leave at least 16 dead in N Waziristan - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112253 Drone targeted Haqqani network commander, Afghan Taliban: sources - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref>

On 15 June, [[Pakistan Air Force]] fighter jets bombed eight militant hideouts in [[North Waziristan]], during which at least 105 militants <ref name="105 militants">{{cite web|last=Mujtaba |first=Haji |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/15/us-pakistan-airstrikes-idUSKBN0EQ0F720140615 |title=Pakistan army launches big operation after airport attack |publisher=Reuters |date=2014-06-15 |accessdate=2014-08-03}}</ref> (or up to 150 according to other official sources)<ref name="150 militants"/> were killed according to security officials. Most of those killed during the strikes were Uzbek fighters, as the targets were predominantly Uzbek hideouts, and the dead included insurgents linked to the airport attack.<ref name="150 militants">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1112875/mostly-uzbeks-killed-in-overnight-n-waziristan-bombing-army |title=Mostly Uzbeks killed in overnight N Waziristan bombing: army - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-03}}</ref> Military and intelligence sources confirmed the presence of foreign and local militants in the hideouts before the military operation. Abu Abdur Rehman Almani, a key Uzbek militant commander and a mastermind of the attack, was also reported killed. Some foreign militants from the [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]], an [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] separatist group from western China, were also among the dead.<ref name="Almani">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1112901/ |title=Karachi airport attack mastermind killed in N Waziristan: Sources - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-03}}</ref>

On 15 June, the Pakistani military formally announced the start of [[Operation Zarb-e-Azb]] in North Waziristan, a military strategy aiming to flush out foreign and local militants present in North Waziristan. [[Inter-Services Public Relations]] (ISPR) spokesperson Major-General Asim Bajwa released a statement: "Using North Waziristan as a base, these terrorists had waged a war against the state of Pakistan and had been disrupting our national life in all its dimensions, stunting our economic growth and causing enormous loss of life and property. Our valiant armed forces have been tasked to eliminate these terrorists regardless of hue and color, along with their sanctuaries. With the support of the entire nation, and in coordination with other state institutions and Law Enforcement Agencies, these enemies of the state will be denied space anywhere across the country."<ref name="Zarb"/>

==Investigations==
According to initial reports provided by the Director-General of the Sindh Rangers, General Rizwan Akhtar, the attackers were foreign nationals and appeared to be [[Uzbeks]].<ref name="tribune"/> This was later confirmed by the TTP on 11 June, while the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan also accepted the involvement of its fighters behind the attack.<ref name="Uzbeks">[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150430-IMU,-Al-Qaeda-affiliate-claims-its-fighters-attacked-Karachi-airport IMU, Al-Qaeda affiliate claims its fighters attacked Karachi airport - thenews.com.pk]</ref> Interior Minister [[Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan]] stated that foreign elements in coordination with local elements were involved in the events,<ref name="dawn2">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111601 Nisar sees foreign, local elements involved in terror attacks - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> while federal Information Minister [[Pervez Rasheed]] also lent opinion on a foreign hand.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150231-Pervez-Rashid-sees-foreign-hand-behind-Karachi-airport-attack-- Pervez Rashid sees foreign hand behind Karachi airport attack - thenews.com.pk]</ref>

The Afghan ambassador to Pakistan was summoned following the attack, during which Pakistani officials lodged a protest over anti-Pakistani militants finding sanctuary inside Afghanistan, from where they operate.<ref>[http://www.khaama.com/pakistan-summons-afghan-ambassador-following-attack-on-karachi-airport-6199 Pakistan summons Afghan ambassador following attack on Karachi airport - Khaama Press (KP) | Afghan News Agency]</ref>

Reports citing sources in the Pakistani Rangers reported that Indian ammunition and/or Indian-made guns, were recovered from the dead militants,<ref name="IB">[http://www.ibtimes.com/militant-attack-karachi-airport-pakistan-claims-23-lives-least-14-wounded-1595961 Militant Attack On Karachi Airport In Pakistan Claims 23 Lives, At Least 14 Wounded]</ref><ref>[http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/224751-Karachi-Indianmade-arms-recovered-from-dead-mili Karachi: Indian-made arms recovered from dead militants | Pakistan | Dunya News]</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/militant-attack-on-karachi-airport-four-security-personnel-killed/1/365966.html Karachi's Jinnah International Airport under siege: 11 dead, 2 planes destroyed : World, News - India Today]</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150165-Karachi-airport-under-attack:-five-ASF-men-killed 15 killed as terrorists attack Karachi airport - thenews.com.pk]</ref><ref>[http://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/09-Jun-2014/karachi-airport-attack-rangers-says-indian-weapons-recovered ]{{dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/karachi-airport-attacked-indian-weapons-recovered-from-the-terrorists Karachi Airport attacked; Indian weapons recovered from the terrorists]</ref> alluding to allegations of Indian involvement behind the attack.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/09/world/asia/deadly-attack-karachi-international-airport.html?_r=1 |title=Terrorists Attack Airport in Pakistan, Killing 13 |publisher=The New York Times |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> [[Geo English]] initially posted the Sindh Rangers chiefs' statement on [[Twitter]] about Indian weapons recovered from the scene.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Pak-verbal-duel-after-Karachi-airport-siege/articleshow/36272567.cms India-Pak verbal duel after Karachi airport siege - The Times of India]</ref> The [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]], [[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] and [[SAMAA TV]] reported that several made-in-India "Factor-8 injections" were retrieved during the search operation. According to officials, these injections are used by the [[Indian Army]] in frontline combat and have the purpose of stopping bleeding from injuries. The injections are not available in the market. However, this report was not confirmed by authorities in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/factor-8-injections-recovered-at-karachi-airport ‘Factor-8’ injections recovered at Karachi airport]</ref><ref>[http://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/09-Jun-2014/karachi-attack-several-made-in-india-injections-recovered Karachi attack: Several made-in-India injections recovered]</ref><ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/indian-army-s-injections-recovered-from-karachi-airport-attackers Indian army’s injections recovered from Karachi airport attackers]</ref> Syed Khurshid Shah, [[Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)|Leader of the Opposition]] in Pakistani parliament, called on the government to register a protest with the Indian High Commission on the recovery of Indian weapons, and demanded an explanation from the [[government of India]] over the issue while also questioning the role of India's intelligence agency.<ref>[http://www.saach.tv/2014/06/11/india-should-clarify-its-position-over-indian-weapons/ ‘India should clarify its position over Indian weapons’ | Saach.TV]</ref><ref>[http://thenewstribe.com/2014/06/11/khursheed-shah-for-indian-explanation-over-karachi-airport-attack/ Khurshid Shah for Indian explanation over Karachi airport attack | Thenewstribe]</ref><ref>[http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/06/11/national/mind-asking-india-about-their-guns-with-terrorists/ ‘Mind asking India about their guns with terrorists?’ | Pakistan Today]</ref> However, an official claim has not yet been made regarding this.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/world/karachi-airport-attack-live-pak-army-says-militants-carried-indian-made-guns-1561631.html Karachi airport attack Live: Miltants had 'Indian' guns, says Pak | Firstpost]</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=When scare becomes nationalistic pride|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-255305-When-scare-becomes-nationalistic-pride|accessdate=11 June 2014|publisher=The News|date=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Editorial|title=The aftermath|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/editorial/11-Jun-2014/the-aftermath|accessdate=11 June 2014|publisher=Daily Times|date=11 June 2014}}</ref> [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Pakistan Foreign Office]] said that they were investigating the claims regarding the use of Indian weapons in the Karachi attack. The official spokeswoman Ms. Tasnim Aslam said that Pakistan did not have the habit of leveling allegations without investigation or evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/islamabad/13-Jun-2014/use-of-indian-arms-in-karachi-attack-being-probed-fo |title=Use of Indian arms being probed: FO |publisher=The Nation, Pakistan |date=2014-06-14|accessdate=2014-06-14}}</ref>

The National Crisis Management Cell of the Ministry of Interior said weapons and explosives used in the attack may have been transported into the airport building before the militants stormed it, leading to questions over infiltration and flaws in security.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111747/ |title=Interior ministry cell had warned of attack on airports, airbases - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> A [[First Information Report]] (FIR) was filed in the airport police station on 11 June against the TTP, in which its top leadership including leader [[Fazlullah (militant leader)|Fazlullah]] and spokesman Shahidullah Shahid were nominated.<ref name="FIR">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112018/fir-over-karachi-airport-attack-registered-against-ttp Airport attack: Body of missing ASF man recovered - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref>

==Reactions==
===Domestic===
The attack sparked widespread reactions on social media in Pakistan, receiving condemnations from [[politicians]], journalists, and social scientists.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111570 Attack on Karachi airport: Reactions on social media - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> [[Pakistani media]] reacted strongly to the events, with major newspapers and news channels questioning the government's attempt at negotiations with militants, the failure of security apparatus in preventing such an attack, the safety of other sensitive installations, and with many commentators calling for renewed action against militants.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27779474 BBC News - Pakistani media demand action over airport attack]</ref>

[[Imran Khan]], chairman of the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] political party and a major opposition leader, denounced the attack and heavily criticised the government, calling for the resignation of top officials and noting that "It is a complete failure on the part of the government and state to protect key installations and citizens’ lives and those under whose watch this happened must immediately take responsibility and resign."<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/719767/taftan-bombing-karachi-airport-attack-pti-asks-top-officials-to-step-down/ Taftan bombing, Karachi airport attack: PTI asks top officials to step down – The Express Tribune]</ref> The [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] passed a resolution condemning the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150334-National-Assembly-passes-resolutions-condemning-attacks-in-Karachi-Taftan- |title=National Assembly passes resolutions condemning attacks in Karachi, Taftan |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> Information Minister of Sindh Sharjeel Memon criticised the federal government, saying it had failed to react when the attack took place, and credited the army and security institutions for saving the day.<ref name="Goth"/>

===International===
* {{CHN}} - [[Chinese Foreign Ministry]] spokeswoman [[Hua Chunying]] stated that China "strongly condemns the attack and conveys sympathy to the victims' families as well as those injured" and expressed support for Pakistan's counter-terrorism strategy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/n/2014/0609/c90000-8738838.html|title=China expresses condolences to victims in Karachi airport attack|work=People's Daily Online|date=9 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>
* {{EU}} – A spokesperson for the [[European External Action Service|European Union External Action Service]] released a statement condemning the attack, expressing sympathy with the families of security officials and civilians killed in the attack, and supported the government of Pakistan's efforts on fighting terrorism.<ref>{{cite web|author=AUTHOR karafillis.jpg |url=http://www.neurope.eu/article/eu-condemns-attack-karachi-airport |title=EU condemns attack at Karachi airport |publisher=neurope.eu |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>
* {{IND}} – The attack was condemned by the Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], while Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan, TCA Raghavan, stated "we strongly condemn the recent act of terrorism in Karachi that is a major setback to regional peace and stability."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/india-condemns-karachi-airport-attack|title=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/india-condemns-karachi-airport-attack|title=India condemns Karachi airport attack|work=Daily Times|date=9 June 2014|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> Raghavan denied allegations of Indian involvement in the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/india-denies-hand-in-karachi-attack|title=India denies hand in Karachi attack|work=The Nation|accessdate=9 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> On June 13, 2014 the [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] replied to a letter sent by his Pakistan counterpart where he strongly condemned the Karachi attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/721254/modi-condemns-karachi-airport-attack-in-his-letter-to-nawaz/|title=http://tribune.com.pk/story/721254/modi-condemns-karachi-airport-attack-in-his-letter-to-nawaz/|title=Indian PM condemns Karachi attack|work=The Express Tribune Pakistan|date=13 June 2014|accessdate=13 June 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|Turkey}} – Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] called Pakistani PM [[Nawaz Sharif]] to offer his condolences the terrorist attack in [[Karachi]]. Also he stated that, "Turkey will always be with Pakistan in the [[counterterrorism|fight against terrorism]]". <ref>{{cite news|url=http://yenisafak.com.tr/politika-haber/erdogandan-navaz-serife-taziye-telefonu-11.06.2014-657377|title=Erdoğan'dan Navaz Şerif'e taziye telefonu|language=Turkish|work=[[Yeni Şafak]]|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Nations}} – The United Nations condemned the airport attack and another incident targeting Shia pilgrims in [[Taftan, Balochistan|Taftan]]. UN Secretary General [[Ban Ki-moon]] urged the government of Pakistan to address terrorism and bring the culprits to justice.<ref>{{cite web|last=Desk |first=Web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/719812/un-condemns-karachi-airport-taftan-attacks/ |title=UN condemns Karachi airport, Taftan attacks – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>
* {{USA}} – The [[White House]] condemned the attack, with spokesman [[Josh Earnest]] stating "Americans’ hearts go out to the families of the victims and those who were wounded."<ref name="dawn2"/> The U.S. also offered assistance to Pakistani authorities for investigations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/us-offers-assistance-to-pakistan-into-karachi-attack-investigation/articleshow/36337623.cms|title=US offers assistance to Pakistan into Karachi attack investigation|work=The Economic Times|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[PNS Mehran attack]] - a 2011 assault on the Pakistan Navy's headquarters
* [[2012 Peshawar airport attack]] - a similar attack at [[Bacha Khan International Airport]]
* [[Bandaranaike Airport attack]] - a 2001 [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] assault on Sri Lanka's largest airport
* [[2014 Quetta Airbase attack]]
*[[Pan Am Flight 73]]
* [[Uzbeks in Pakistan]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jinnah International Airport attack}}
[[Category:Terrorist attacks on airports]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2014]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2014]]
[[Category:History of Karachi]]
[[Category:Crime in Karachi]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Jinnah International Airport]]
[[Category:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mass shootings]]
[[Category:Pakistan–Uzbekistan relations]]

Benutzer:Rogi.Official/Artikel/Werkstatt/Missachtung des Gerichts

2014-08-13T09:35:44Z

LogAntiLog: Filling in 6 references using Reflinks, deadlink removed

{{linkrot|date=July 2014}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
'''Contempt of court''', often referred to simply as "contempt," is the offense of being disobedient to or disrespectful towards a court of law and its officers in the form of behavior that opposes or defies authority, justice, and dignity of the court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/contempt?q=contempt |title=contempt: definition of contempt in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US) |publisher=Oxforddictionaries.com |date=2014-08-05 |accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref><ref>[http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Contempt+of+Court West's Encyclopedia of American Law]</ref> It manifests itself in willful disregard of or disrespect for the authority of a court of law, which is often behavior that is illegal because it does not obey or respect the rules of a law court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/contempt-of-court |title=Always Free Online |publisher=Collins English Dictionary |date= |accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/contempt_2 |title=contempt noun (NOT OBEYING) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionaries Online |publisher=Dictionary.cambridge.org |date=2014-07-30 |accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref>

As explained in the People's Law Dictionary by Gerald and Kathleen Hill, "there are essentially two types of contempt: (1) being rude, disrespectful to the judge or other attorneys or causing a disturbance in the courtroom, particularly after being warned by the judge; (2) willful failure to obey an order of the court."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?selected=325 |title=Legal Dictionary | Law.com |publisher=Dictionary.law.com |date=2010-12-09 |accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref> Contempt proceedings are especially used to enforce equitable remedies, such as injunctions.<ref name="Myth">{{cite journal |url=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2330050 |title=The Myth of the Mild Declaratory Judgment |volume=63 |page=1091 |journal=[[Duke Law Journal]]|first=Samuel |last=Bray|date=2014 |accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>

When a court decides that an action constitutes contempt of court, it can issue a [[court order]] that in the context of a court [[Trial (law)|trial]] or [[Hearing (law)|hearing]] declares a person or organization to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the [[court]]'s authority, called "found" or "held in contempt"; this is the [[judge]]'s strongest power to impose [[sanctions (law)|sanctions]] for acts that disrupt the court's normal process.

A finding of being in contempt of court may result from a failure to obey a lawful order of a court, showing disrespect for the judge, disruption of the proceedings through poor behaviour, or publication of material deemed likely to jeopardize a [[fair trial]]. A judge may impose sanctions such as a [[Fine (penalty)|fine]] or [[jail]] for someone found guilty of contempt of court. Judges in [[common law]] systems usually have more extensive power to declare someone in contempt than judges in [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]] systems. The client or person must be proven to be guilty before he/she will be punished.

==In use today==
Contempt of court is essentially seen as a form of disturbance that may impede the functionality of the court. The judge may impose fines and/or jail time upon any person committing contempt of court. The person is usually let out upon his agreement to fulfill the wishes of the court.<ref name="autogenerated1">Hill, G. (2008). Contempt of Court. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from , Law.dictionary.com Web site: [http://dictionary.law.com/default2.asp?typed=contempt&type=1&submit1.x=0&submit1.y=0&submit1=Look+up]</ref> Civil contempt can involve acts of omission. The judge will make use of warnings in most situations that may lead to a person being charged with contempt. It is relatively rare that a person is charged for contempt without first receiving at least one warning from the judge.<ref>Hill, G. (2008). Contempt of Court. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from , Law.dictionary.com Web site:
[http://dictionary.law.com/default2.asp?typed=contempt&type=1&submit1.x=0&submit1.y=0&submit1=Look+up]</ref> Constructive contempt, also called consequential contempt is when a person fails to fulfill the will of the court as it applies to outside obligations of the person. In most cases, constructive contempt is considered to be in the realm of civil contempt because of its passive nature.

Indirect contempt is something that is associated with civil and constructive contempt and involves a failure to follow court orders. Criminal contempt includes anything that could be called a disturbance such as repeatedly talking out of turn, bringing forth previously banned evidence, or harassment of any other party in the courtroom.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Direct contempt is an unacceptable act in the presence of the judge (in facie curiae), and generally begins with a warning, and may be accompanied by an immediate imposition of punishment. [[Yawning]] in some cases can be considered contempt of court.<ref>{{citation|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2005/apr/20/local/me-yawn20|title=Sleepy Juror Gets Rude Awakening|author=Liu, Caitlin|date=April 20, 2005|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

Contempt of court has a significant impact on journalism in the form of restrictions on court reporting which are set out in statute in the UK.<ref>[http://journalism.winchester.ac.uk Media Law Web, Winchester University,UK (2009)Web site]</ref>{{Failed verification|date=February 2013}}

===Australia===
In [[Australia]] a judge may impose a fine or jail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/medialaw_in_australia_03.html |title=Contempt & court reporting in Australia |publisher=Thenewsmanual.net |date= |accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref>

===Canada===
Criminal offences are found within the [[Criminal Code of Canada]] or other federal/provincial laws, with the exception that contempt of court is the only remaining [[common law offence]] in Canada.<ref>[http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/legal_compendium/Chapter22.asp A Compendium of Law and Judges]</ref>

Contempt of Court includes the following behaviours:
* Fails to maintain a respectful attitude, remain silent or refrain from showing approval or disapproval of the proceeding
* Refuses or neglects to obey a subpoena
* Willfully disobeys a process or order of the Court
* Interfere with the orderly administration of justice or to impair the authority or dignity of the Court
* Officer of the Court fails to perform his or her duties
* Sheriff and/or bailiff does not execute a writ forthwith or does not make a return thereof

====Canadian Federal courts====
''This section applies only to [[Federal Court of Appeal]] and [[Federal Court (Canada)|Federal Court]].''

Under Federal Court Rules, Rules 466, and Rule 467 a person who is accused of Contempt needs to be first served with a contempt order and then appear in court to answer the charges. Convictions can only be made when proof beyond a reasonable doubt is achieved.<ref>[http://reports.fja.gc.ca/regles/partie12.html Federal Court Rules Chapter 12]</ref>

If it is a matter of urgency or the contempt was done in front of a judge, that person can be punished immediately. Punishment can range from the person being imprisoned for a period of less than five years or until the person complies with the order or fine.

====Tax Court of Canada====
Under [[Tax Court of Canada]] Rules of ''Tax Court of Canada Act'', a person who is found to be in contempt may be imprisoned for a period of less than two years or fined. Similar procedures for serving an order first is also used at the Tax Court.

====Provincial courts====
Different procedures exist for different provincial courts. For example, in [[British Columbia]], [[Justice of Peace]] can only issue summon to the offender for Contempt, for which will be dealt with by a judge, even if the offence was done at the face of the Justice.<ref>[http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/P/96379_01.htm#section31 Provincial Court Act Jurisdiction of justice]</ref>

===Hong Kong===
Judges from the [[Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Final Appeal]], [[High Court (Hong Kong)|High Court]], [[District Court (Hong Kong)|District Courts]] along with members from the various tribunals and Coroner's Court all have the power to impose immediate punishments for contempt in the face of the court, derived from legislation or through [[common law]]:

* Insult a judge or justice, witness or [[officers of the court]]
* Interrupts the proceedings of the Court
* Interfere with the course of justice
* Misbehaves in court (i.e., use of [[mobile phone]] or recording devices without permission)
* [[Juror]] who leaves without permission of the court during proceedings
* Disobeying a judgment or court order
* Breach of undertaking
* Breach of a duty imposed upon a solicitor by rules of court

The use of insulting or threatening language in the [[magistrates' court (Hong Kong)|magistrates' courts]] or against a magistrate is in breach of section 99 of the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227) which states the magistrate can 'summarily sentence the offender to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months.'

In addition, certain appeal boards are given the statutory authority for contempt by them (i.e., Residential Care Home, Hotel and Guesthouse Accommodation, Air Pollution Control, etc.). For contempt in front of these boards, the chairperson will certify the act of contempt to the [[Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)|Court of First Instance]] who will then proceed with a hearing and determine the punishment.

===India===
In India contempt of court is of two types:

1. Civil Contempt
Under Section 2(b) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, civil contempt has been defined as wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court.

2. Criminal Contempt
Under Section 2(c) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, criminal contempt has been defined as the publication (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise) of any matter or the doing of any other act whatsoever which:
(i) Scandalises or tends to scandalise, or lowers or tends to lower the authority of, any court, or
(ii) Prejudices, or interferes or tends to interfere with the due course of any judicial proceeding, or
(iii) Interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct, the administration of justice in any other manner.
(a) 'High Court' means the high court for a state or a union territory and includes the court of the judicial commissioner in any union territory.

===England===
In [[England|English]] law (a [[common law]] jurisdiction) the law on contempt is partly set out in case law, and partly specified in the Contempt of Court Act 1981. Contempt may be a [[Crime|criminal]] or [[Civil law (common law)|civil]] offence. The maximum sentence for criminal contempt is two years.

Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behaviour toward the judge or magistrates while holding the court, tending to interrupt the due course of a trial or other judicial proceeding, may be prosecuted as "direct" contempt. The term "direct" means that the court itself cites the person in contempt by describing the behaviour observed on the record. Direct contempt is distinctly different from indirect contempt, wherein another individual may file papers alleging contempt against a person who has willfully violated a lawful court order.

====Criminal contempt of court====
The [[Crown Court]] is a [[Superior court|superior court of record]] under the [[Senior Courts Act 1981]] and accordingly has power to punish for contempt of its own motion. The [[Divisional Court (England and Wales)|Divisional Court]] has stated that this power applies in three circumstances:

# Contempt "in the face of the court" (not to be taken literally; the judge does not need to see it, provided it took place within the court precincts or relates to a case currently before that court);
# Disobedience of a court order; and
# Breaches of undertakings to the court.

Where it is necessary to act quickly the judge (even the trial judge) may act to sentence for contempt.

Where it is not necessary to be so urgent, or where indirect contempt has taken place the [[Attorney General for England and Wales|Attorney General]] can intervene and the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] will institute criminal proceedings on his behalf before a Divisional Court of the [[Queen's Bench Division]] of the [[High Court of Justice of England and Wales]].

[[Magistrates' court (England and Wales)|Magistrates' court]]s are not superior courts of record, but nonetheless have powers granted under the Contempt of Court Act 1981. They may detain any person who insults the court or otherwise disrupts its proceedings until the end of the sitting. Upon the contempt being either admitted or proved the judge or [[Justice of the peace|JP]] may imprison the offender for a maximum of one month, fine them up to [[Pound sterling|GBP]] £2,500, or do both.

It is contempt of court to bring an audio recording device or picture-taking device of any sort into an English court without the consent of the court.

It is not contempt of court (under section 10 of the Act) for a journalist to refuse to disclose his sources, unless the court has considered the evidence available and determined that the information is "necessary in the interests of justice or national security or for the prevention of disorder or crime."

====Strict liability contempt====
Under the Contempt of Court Act 1981 it is criminal contempt of court to publish anything which creates a real risk that the course of justice in proceedings may be seriously impaired. It only applies where proceedings are active, and the [[Attorney General for England and Wales|Attorney General]] has issued guidance as to when he believes this to be the case, and there is also statutory guidance. The clause prevents the newspapers and media from publishing material that is too extreme or sensationalist about a criminal case until the trial is over and the jury has given its verdict.

Section 2 of the Act limits the [[common law]] presumption that conduct may be treated as contempt regardless of intention: now only cases where there is a substantial risk of serious prejudice to a trial are affected.

====Civil contempt====
In civil proceedings there are two main ways in which contempt is committed:

# Failure to attend at court despite a [[subpoena]] requiring attendance. In respect of the High Court, historically a [[writ]] of [[latitat]] would have been issued, but now a [[bench warrant]] is issued, authorizing the [[tipstaff]] to arrange for the arrest of the individual, and imprisonment until the date and time the court appoints to next sit. In practice a groveling letter of apology to the court is sufficient to ward off this possibility, and in any event the warrant is generally 'backed for bail'—i.e., [[bail]] will be granted once the arrest has been made and a location where the person can be found in future established.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}}
# Failure to comply with a court order. A copy of the order, with a "penal notice"—i.e., notice informing the recipient that if they do not comply they are subject to imprisonment—is served on the person concerned. If, after that, they breach the order, proceedings can be started and in theory the person involved can be sent to prison. In practice this rarely happens as the cost on the claimant of bringing these proceedings is significant and in practice imprisonment is rarely ordered as an apology or fine are usually considered appropriate.

===United States===
Under the United States [[jurisprudence]], acts of contempt are divided into direct or indirect and civil or criminal. Direct contempt occurs in the presence of a judge; civil contempt is "coercive and remedial" as opposed to punitive. In the United States, relevant statutes include {{usc|18|401|403}} and [[Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure]] 42.<ref>[Doyle C. (2010). [https://opencrs.com/document/RL34303/2010-11-05/ Obstruction of Justice: An Overview of Some of the Federal Statutes That Prohibit Interference with Judicial, Executive, or Legislative Activities]. ''Congressional Research Service.</ref>

# '''Direct contempt''' is that which occurs in the presence of the presiding judge (''in facie curiae'') and may be dealt with summarily: the judge notifies the offending party that he or she has acted in a manner which disrupts the tribunal and prejudices the administration of justice. After giving the person the opportunity to respond, the judge may impose the sanction immediately.
# '''Indirect contempt''' occurs outside the immediate presence of the court and consists of disobedience of a court's prior order. Generally a party will be accused of indirect contempt by the party for whose benefit the order was entered. A person cited for indirect contempt is entitled to notice of the charge and an opportunity for hearing of the evidence of contempt and, since there is no written procedure, may or may not be allowed to present evidence in rebuttal.

Contempt of court in a [[civil suit]] is generally not considered to be a criminal offense, with the party benefiting from the order also holding responsibility for the enforcement of the order. However, some cases of civil contempt have been perceived as intending to harm the reputation of the plaintiff, or to a lesser degree, the judge or the court.

Sanctions for contempt may be criminal or civil. If a person is to be punished criminally, then the contempt must be proven beyond a [[Legal burden of proof|reasonable doubt]], but once the charge is proven, then punishment (such as a [[Fine (penalty)|fine]] or, in more serious cases, imprisonment) is imposed unconditionally. The civil sanction for contempt (which is typically incarceration in the custody of the [[Sheriffs in the United States|sheriff]] or similar court officer) is limited in its imposition for so long as the disobedience to the court's order continues: once the party complies with the court's order, the sanction is lifted. The imposed party is said to "hold the keys" to his or her own cell, thus conventional [[due process of law|due process]] is not required. The [[Legal burden of proof|burden of proof]] for civil contempt, however, is a [[preponderance of the evidence]], and theoretically punitive sanctions (punishment) can only be imposed after due process but the due process is unpublished.

In civil contempt cases there is no [[Proportionality (law)|principle of proportionality]]. In ''Chadwick v. Janecka'' (3d Cir. 2002), a U.S. court of appeals held that [[H. Beatty Chadwick]] could be held indefinitely under federal law, for his failure to produce US$ 2.5 million as state court ordered in a civil trial. Chadwick had been imprisoned for nine years at that time and continued to be held in prison until 2009, when a state court set him free after 14 years, making his imprisonment the longest on a contempt charge to date.

Civil contempt is only appropriate when the imposed party has the power to comply with the underlying order.<ref>{{cite web|title=See In re Marciano|url=http://www.protectyou.com/blog/case-law/in-re-marciano/|publisher=Westlaw|location=Donlevy-Rosen & Rosen, P.A.}}</ref> Controversial contempt rulings have periodically arisen from cases involving [[asset protection]] trusts, where the court has ordered a settlor of an asset protection trust to repatriate assets so that the assets may be made available to a creditor.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Importance of Proper APT Design & Counsel|url=http://protectyou.com/1998/10/the-importance-of-a-property-asset-protection-design/|publisher=The Asset Protection News|author=Howard Rosen|author2=Patricia Donlevy-Rosen}}</ref> A court cannot maintain an order of contempt where the imposed party does not have the ability to comply with the underlying order. This claim when made by the imposed party is known as the "[[impossibility defense]]".<ref>{{cite web|last=Phillips|first=Sam|title=In re Marciano - an analysis of the impossibility defense in contempt|url=http://www.protectyou.com/blog/in-re-marciano-an-analysis-of-the-impossibility-defense-in-contempt/|publisher=Donlevy-Rosen & Rosen, P.A.}}</ref>

Contempt of court is considered a [[prerogative]] of the court, and "the requirement of a jury does not apply to 'contempts committed in disobedience of any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command entered in any suit or action brought or prosecuted in the name of, or on behalf of, the United States'".<ref name="autogenerated1964">''United States v. Barnett'', {{ussc|376|681|1964}}</ref>

The United States Marshals Service is the agency component that first holds all federal prisoners. It uses the Prisoner Population Management System /Prisoner Tracking System. The only types of records that are disclosed as being in the system are those of "federal prisoners who are in custody pending criminal proceedings." The records of "alleged civil contempors" are not listed in the Federal Register as being in the system leading to a potential claim for damages under The Privacy Act, {{usc|5|552a(e)(4)(I)}}.<ref>Federal Register on November 8, 1999 in Vol. 64, No. 215
page 60836 a “Revised Notice regarding its Prisoner Tracking System”</ref>

====News media in the United States====
In the United States, because of the broad protections granted by the [[First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States|First Amendment]], with extremely limited exceptions, unless the media outlet is a party to the case, a media outlet cannot be found in contempt of court for reporting about a case because a court cannot order the media in general not to report on a case or forbid it from reporting facts discovered publicly.<ref>''[[Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart]]'', [[case citation|427 U.S. 539]] (1976)</ref> Newspapers cannot be closed because of their content.<ref>''[[Near v. Minnesota]]'', 283 U.S. 697 (1931)</ref>

====Criticism====
There have been criticisms over the practice of trying contempt from the bench. In particular, [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice [[Hugo Black]] wrote in a dissent, "It is high time, in my judgment, to wipe out root and branch the judge-invented and judge-maintained notion that judges can try criminal contempt cases without a jury."<ref name="autogenerated1964"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Law}}
*[[Contempt of Congress]]
*[[Contempt of Parliament]]
*[[Contumacy]]
*[[Judicial discretion]]
*[[Perjury]]
*[[Perverting the course of justice]]
*[[Obstruction of justice]]
*[[Offence of scandalizing the court in Singapore]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Literature==
*Scarce, Rik. "Contempt of Court: A Scholar's Battle for Free Speech from behind Bars" (2005) (ISBN 0759106436).

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wiktionary|contempt of court}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Contempt Of Court}}
[[Category:Abuse of the legal system]]
[[Category:Common law]]
[[Category:Civil law (common law)]]
[[Category:Legal procedure]]
[[Category:Common law offences in England and Wales]]
{{Refimprove|date=September 2010}}

Hafizabad

2014-06-03T06:55:00Z

LogAntiLog: /* Politics */

{{about|Hafizabad, a city and [[tehsil]] of [[Hafizabad District]] in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province of Pakistan|others|Hafizabad (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=December 2013}}
{{copy edit|for=grammar, style, tone, or spelling|date=March 2014}}
}}

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Hafizabad
|settlement_type = City and tehsil
|other_name =
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|pushpin_label_position =
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Pakistan
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Pakistan
|subdivision_type1 = [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]]
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 = [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
|subdivision_name4 =25
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|population_total (2011) = 397000(city population)
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|latd=|latm=|lats=|latNS=N
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|timezone =[[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]
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|timezone_DST =[[Pakistan Standard Time|PDT]]
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|postal_code_type =
|postal_code = 52110
|area_code = 0547
|blank_name =
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}}
'''Hafizabad''' ({{lang-ur| حافظ آباد }}) is a city and [[tehsil]] of [[Hafizabad District]] in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province of [[Pakistan]]. It is situated at 32° 4′ N. and 73° 41′ E. Hafizabad and Pindi Bhattian are its two [[tehsil]] or tahsil/tahasil.

==Ancient history==
Hafizabad is an old city. In 327 BC, when [[Sikandar-e-Azam]] attacked [[Hindustan]], the territory of the [[Sandal Bar]] (where Hafizabad is now located) was a populated area. Big cities were located in this territory, and a lot of sub states were organised here under the presidency of [[maharajas]] and [[raja]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hafizabad: History|url=http://punjab.gov.pk/hafizabad_history|publisher=Government of the Punjab|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref>

In the 6th century, when the famous Chinese tourist [[Hiuen Tsang]] came here, the area was backward but not underpopulated. Then the tourist moved to Sangla; he stayed one night in a town, then called Jai Pura, which was located near the village Koriala (Kadyala).

==Medieval history==
In 997 CE, [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi]], took over the [[Ghaznavid Empire|Ghaznavid dynasty]] empire established by his father, [[Sabuktigin|Sultan Sebuktegin]], In 1005 he conquered the [[Shahi]]s in [[Kabul]] in 1005. This was followed by the conquests of the [[Punjab region]]. The [[Delhi Sultanate]] and later [[Mughal Empire]] ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominately [[Muslim]] due to [[missionary]] [[Sufi]] saints whose [[dargah]]s dot the landscape of [[Punjab region]]. During the [[Delhi Sultanate]] period a big city was situated at the site of the present village of Mehdiabad. But afterwards this territory became unpopulated and jungle-like because of shortage of water and [[Pashtun people|Afghan]] incursions. This situation persisted until [[Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]'s period. Hafizabad was formerly a place of some importance, and is mentioned in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as headquarters of a [[Palace|Mahal]]. Hafiz, the founder, was a favourite of emperor [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]].<ref name="IGI">[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_011.gif Hafizabad Town – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 13, p. 5]</ref>

===Legend of King Akbar===
According to one legend, [[Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]] came to the present-day site of Hafizabad on a hunting trip. The King lost his company as he was busy hunting. This territory was a jungle-like area and there was nothing to eat or drink. [[Akbar]] felt thirsty and needed to drink some water. Suddenly he was astonished to see a smoke. He followed the smoke and found a cottage, and in the cottage there was a man named Sarmast, a [[Muslim]] [[Sufi]]. [[Akbar]] told him about his thirst and asked for some water. Sarmast had no water, but he called up a grazing deer and milked it to serve Akbar with milk. Akbar drank the milk and told the Sarmast that he was a king and said, "Please ask me for anything you want. I will give you whatever you want." [[Faqir]] Sarmast asked him to build a town for his pupils. The [[Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]] promised and ordered the current Hakim, named Hafiz Meerak, to construct a city there.

Hafiz Meerak did as the [[Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]] ordered. The town, Hafizabad, took its name from his name. One source says that Akbar wanted to name the town Akbarabad, but the name Hafizabad became popular until [[Akbar]] knew about its creation. Akbar let the city retain its name, Hafizabad. Historians think that this city came into being between 1556 – 1570.

'''In Period of Aurangzeb Alamgir''' Lachi Raam Kapoor was mansabdar of Hafizabad. Two khatri tribes Kapoor and Chopras were considered as head of Hafizabad.

==Sikh and British Periods==
After the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]], from the North, attacks of Ahmad Shah Abdali and Nadar Shah Durani destroyed Hafziabad. Fights of Chatthas, Kharals, Virks, Bhattis, Sikhs of Bhangi Misal and Sukar Chukiya Misal took in and around Hafizabad. Old Hafizabad was destroyed completely. New Hafizabad came into being on 1761. The [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] invaded and occupied Hafizabad. The [[Muslim]]s faced severe restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the time of Sardar Charat Singh the great father of mahraja Ranjeet Singh, Sardar bagh sing virk was the ruler of Hafizabad. In the west of hafizabad, here were rajput bhatti and on the north west there were tarar who had their own identity. In the beginning of Sikh rule, latter were conquered by mahraja Ranjeet singh and totally lost their identity in the very initial period of his regime in the year 1801 and came under the Sikh governance.Mahraja Ranjeet singh had appointed different administrators to collect revenue and manage the affairs of the government who were directly answerable to the Maharaja. In addition to the administrators he had appointed certain landlords for collection of revenue from the area and provide soldiers on foot and cavalry. Sardar Fatah singh was the first to be appointed as administrator of Hafizabad by Mahraja Ranjeet Singh followed by the Dewan Sawan Mul and the last was Raja Gulab singh. The proper regimentation of the Sikhs started in the beginning of the Sikh era . The system was that all the head man used to work with superiors but were independent in their sphere and were designated as below :
– Jageerdar was one who was given some land as a gift and had the power of confiscating the property etc., of the offenders.
– Misaldar was the one who was not paying any tribute and could join any other Misal.
– Zaildar was the one who was included in the jurisdiction of sardar and also had to fight along with his army.
– Pattidar was the one who used to manage the land of the sardar and take share given to him by the sardar and provide solders and gift etc., to him.
– Tabiyadar was the one who used to be with only one Sardar.
– Maafidar was the one who was given a piece of land for cultivation and nothing was charged from him.
Hafizabad was a Hindu town which had constant influence of the culture and religion of raiders from north and with the appearance of Guru Nanak (1469–1539) and subsequently the era of Gurus till Guru Gobind Singh many Hindu was adopted Sikh religion. During British rule, some people mainly the menial adopted Christianity. Hafizabad was a beautiful and neat town inhabited by the people mostly of the same race, believing in the different religions, living peacefully in complete harmony.
In Sikh period famous persons of Hafizabad were General Harsukh Rai Kapoor and Raam Rang Kapoor.
In 1849, Punjab was conquered by British after defeating Sikhs. Hafizabad came under the governance of British government. After decline of Sikhs, many re known families of Hafizabad were conquered by British government. Tarar, Bhattis and Kapoors supported British government and became landlords of Hafizabad. Till 1947, many ICS officers were from Hafizabad and many army officers from Hafizabad too. After partition of India in 1947, non-Muslims of hafziabad migrated to India and Muslims there migrated to Hafizabad. This brought an end to old culture of Hafizabad.
'''Reference: Tareek-e-Hafizabad by Aziz Ali Sheikh 1997 fiction house Lahore, Pakistan and Hafizabad- An ancient and Unique city by Joginder Singh Kapoor and Aziz Ali Sheikh published by narayan trust, Fareedabad, Haryana.'''

==Independence==
The predominantly Muslim population supported [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] and [[Pakistan Movement]]. After the [[Pakistan Movement|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, the minority [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikh]]s migrated to [[India]] while [[Muslim]] refugees from [[India]] settled in the Hafizabad. Most of the refugees have since settled and inter-married into the local population.

==Politics==
Mehndi Hasan Bhatti and Choudhary Afzal Hussain Tarar are two famous political figures in Hafizabad. Apart from these Syed Fidah Husaain Shah ex MPA, Malik Fazal Hussain Awan ex MNA, Malik Wazeer Awan ex MPA, Iftikhar Bashir Tarar ex MNA, Rai Fatah Muhammad Kharal ex MPA, Ch. Noor Muhammad Tarar ex MPA, Ch. Nazar Abbas Bhatti ex MPA, Jamshaid Abbas Theem ex MPA, Sardar Rafeeq Ahmad Gujjar ex MPA, Dr. Muzafar Ali Sheikh ex MPA, Ch. Shaukat Bhatti ex MPA, Ch. Intesar Bhatti ex MPA, Mian Shahdat Khan Bhatti ex MNA, Malik Fiaz Ahmad Awan MPA, Asad Ullah Arian MPA, Syed Shoaib Shah MPA, [[Saira Afzal Tarar]] MNA, Mian Shahid Bhatti MNA, Liaqat Abbas Bhatti ex MNA, Col. Ali Ahmad Awan ex District Nazim, Ch. Mubashir Abbas Bhatti ex District Nazim, Ch. Mukhtar Ahmad Bhatti ex MPA are also political figures of Hafizabad.

==Geography==

* Latitude of Hafizabad: 32,0667 (32°4′0.120″N)
* Longitude: 73,6833 (73°40′59.880″E)
* Altitude: 207 m
* Population 2012: (398922)(city population)

Hafizabad is {{convert|30|mi|km}} away in the west from Gujranwala. Connection with the city is by Gujranwala Road or Hafizabad Road. On the Wazirabad – Faisalabad Railway Section, Hafizabad is the eighth railway station. The distance to the city of Wazirabad is {{convert|37|mi|km}}. Basically it is an agricultural city. Since the construction of an interchange near Sukheki, Hafizabad is now just 22 kilometres away from the [[M2 motorway (Pakistan)|M2 motorway]].

'''Climate'''

The district climate is hot during summer and during winter is cold. The Eastern has proximity of rain fall than western part. From July to September is monsoon weather. The soil of the district is fertile that is why best qualities of rice is cultivated here. The average per month ranges rainfall from 50–75 millimetres.<ref>http://www.punjab.gov.pk/hafizabad</ref>

===Rivers===

The [[Chenab River]] originates in the snow-covered central range of the Himalayas. It receives numerous smaller streams from the lower hills which depend upon rainfall. It breaks out from a rocky gorge in the hills, six miles (10 km) to the north of Bajwat District.

Sialkot flows downward from Marala Headwork and enters [[Hafizabad District]] near Kot Kkamer, a village of Hafizabad Tehsil. It forms a natural boundary between Mandi Bahauddin and Hafizabad districts. An other very famous place is Head Sagar Complex in which an Irrigation Canal is passing over a link canal. It is a very common and interesting place for new visitors in Hafizabad.

== Industry ==
Major portion of the country's rice exports are from Hafizabad, which is sometimes referred to as the Land of Rice or City of Rice. Cotton power loom (weaving) is the second largest industry of Hafizabad. It is linked directly with the cotton market in Faisalabad and businessmen from Faisalabad deal directly with the cotton industry in Hafizabad. It plays an important role in the development of Hafizabad. This industry has been badly affected by the energy crisis.

Before the partition, the per-annum income of Hafizabad just from rice was 15 million. Peshwar, Agra, Mithra, Calcutta, Karachi, and Sukker were Hafizabad's main clients. Up to 23 rice mills were there until the partition of India.

== Agriculture ==

The following types of rice are cultivated in Hafizabad: Basmati 385, Basmati 386, Super Karnal, 1121 Sella, Ery Nine, Erey Six, Super Fan, and KS 282. White Pearl Rice is famous rice brand of Hafizabad. Hafizabad and Jalalpur Bhattian grain market is considered as the biggest grain rice export centres of the country.

==Mosques==

The city of Hafizabad has many mosques.Notable mosques include Jamia Masjid khizra Al maruf Masjid barneyan wali Mohalla Garhi awan,Jamia Masjid Makki Jallalpure Road,Jamia Masjid Tehsil wali Fawara Chowk, Markazi Jamia Masjid Qadeem Vanekay Road, Shabir Shah Masjid, Masjid-e-Sadiqia, Jamiya Masjid Haneef Sheir Pura, Eid gah Masjid, Masjid-e-Abu Hanifa, Sidiqia Masjid college road.Dar us Sunnah Railway Station, Masjid Khooh Wali Misri Khan,Masjid Tayiba Gujranwala Road,Masjid Kdimiayan Waniky road,Masjid Al-fatah, Markazi Jamia Masjid Jamalay Mustafa Kot Hassan Khan with electric automatic door.
imam Bargha ward number 1. Markazi imam bargha fawara chowk, Darbar-e-Hussain and Masjid Anwar-e-Madnia Mollah Kashmir Nagar.Jamiah masjid Nooraani garhiawan.Masjid Yahya sahib wally. Masjid Nasrullah sahib wally. Jamiah Masjid Subaidar wali Kasoki road.Ahmadiyya Jamaat Khana mulana mairaj ud din sb wali bukken kalan,Masjid Bilal husain pura.Jamia Masjid Mubarak jamia masjid sher-e-rabani kassoke road Jamia Masjid Al-Bader mohala bahawal pura shaqri kassoki road hafizabad, Masjid Amna Madrian wala road mohalla Amna Abad(Tajpura),jamia masjid cheshtia qadria (mohallah dhab wala)

== Saints Of District Hafizabad==

'''Hazrat Shah Sharmast Jilal U Din Bukhari:''' His mausoleum is located in east of Hafizabad. The Mughal emperor Akbar and Jahangir visited him.

'''Hazrat Hafiz Syed Mustafa:''' He is a saint of Mughal era and each year on 24 of Har month the religious festival organised by the natives.

'''Shah Buban Bukhari:''' He is known as Baban Bukhari. There is one mosque within premises of his tomb named as Chah Bukhari.

'''Marwan Shah:''' He was born in 11th Hijri in the village of Jogi Jamkay. After demise of his father during early childhood he opted for profession of labouring. It is famous and known that during Shab e barat when he was watering the fields of his master the water became milk.

'''Syed Niamat Ali Shah''': Noor Shah Sadar-u- Din was his father and Wali Qutab Imam of Begum Kot Lahore his brother. He came to Jalalpur for preaching Islam. He lived in the district and died at the age of 90. He is buried in Jalalpur and every year his urs is arranged on 15 ‘Har’(A month of ‘Bikrami’ year)

'''Sheikh Mosa Dud''': He was contemporary and devotees of Baba Fareed Gunj Shaker. It is stated that when once Hazrat Baba Fareed Gunjh Shaker was going for pilgrimage, he asked Sheikh Mosa Dud to come along with him but he apologised. When Hazrat Baba Fareed reached ‘Macca’ he saw that Mosa Dud was already there. That's' why the devotees of Fareed Shaker Gunj called him Mosa Dud. He is buried in Mehmood Pur, a slum of Jalalpur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Saints of Hafizabad|url=ref>http://punjab.gov.pk/hafizabad_saint_district_hafizabad}}</ref>

===Sports===

Hafizabad is very famous in sports.The most famous game in the city is horse tent pegging. The best riders of the district are Malik Muhammad Akram Awan of Kot Hassan Khan and his nephew Malik Jahagir Maqbool Awan, a young rider and a Kabadi Player.Volleyball players: Rai Noor Muhammad Kharal (known as Noori) from Thatha Hashmat and Tariq Iqbal From Kotishaq are famous players of volleyball shooting and cricket [http://www.espncricinfo.com/faysal-2020cup-2011/content/player/343304.html ('''Prince Abbas Alvi)'''], hockey [http://wikimapia.org/1590855/Perai-Da-Kot-Kalian-Wala (Muhammad Javed Olympian 1999)], [[kabaddi]]: from Kot Hassan Khan (Muhammad Shfiq Awan Hafizabadi, a very young and talented kabaddi player from Punjab)etc.SOCCER(FOOTBALL): Sikandar Hayat from Kot Ishaq is one of the renowned footballers of the District, whose famous single goal made it possible for M.H.Sufi Foundation school to win Division Championship for the first time. He is the only player from the district of Hafizabad who got training from German coach Mr Hoggler in a camp which was organised by Pakistan Football Federation. Mr. KHALID Goraya from Venike Tarar is well known for his football coaching.

==Education==
Over a period of time many new schools and colleges have been established in the district and the overall education standard has improved. Recently a new school system has emerged with the name Centurion which is a great milestone in the field of education. Among all the educationists Maj(r)Hasan Raza Awan has worked tremendously to raise the standard of education in the area. The largest enrolment ratio of the Punjab is in Hafizabad and Rawalpindi. Literacy rate is 64% in males and 44% among females.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Hafizabad|url=http://hafizabadonline.blogspot.com/p/history-of-hafizabad.html}}</ref>

===Colleges===
Farabi Law College Affiliated with [[University of the Punjab]], M.H.SUFI foundation college kot ishaq,
Govt. college for Boys, Now upgraded and renamed as Govt. College Hafizabad,
Govt.Islamia Degree college for Women,
Punjab college of commerce,
Superior college Hafizabad,
Muslim College hafizabad,
Hafizabad College of Commerce,
Hafizabad College of Business Studies, Grw road Hafizabad,
Justice Law College Dakkhana road hafizabad,
The Management Club 1st Floor Usman Plaza Fawara Chow Hafizabad.
Causeway College Hafizabad for Boys & Girls
national college of computer science{heritiage}

===Schools===
''Sir Syed Scholars INN'', District Public Schoool, Grammar Model School, Misali Public School, Abdali Public School, Crescent Model School, M. H. Sufi Foundation School, Beaconhouse school system, Brooksfield School System, Allied School System, The Readers School,Govt. Muslim High School, Govt. High school No.1, Govt. High School Madina Colony, Govt. High school No.2

== References ==
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{{Neighbourhoods of Hafizabad}}
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[[Category:Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Hafizabad District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Hafizabad District]]

[[sv:Hafizabad]]