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Abdul Rasul Sayyaf

2006-05-13T19:53:26Z

Light current: hdgs

'''Abdul Rasul Sayyaf''', aka '''Abd-i-Rab Rasoul Sayaf''', is a [[Wahhabi]] [[Pashtun]] warlord commander of a Pashtun militia.

== History of political activities ==
Abdul was a member of [[Akhwan-ul-Muslimeen]] ([[Muslim Brotherhood]]), founded in 1969 by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] and Dr. [[Syed Burhanuddin Rabbani]], based in Afghanistan with strong links to better known Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Fluent in Arabic, Ustad (Professor) Abdul's tenure at the Shariat in Kabul ended in 1973 when he plotted with Burhanuddin Rabbani, [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar to overthrow President [[Daoud Khan]] from the Panjshir Valley.

Sayyaf fought against [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupying forces in Afghanistan during the 1980s, forming a close relationship with Osama bin Laden during jihad against Soviets. Together in the Jalalabad area they established a training camp network, later used by Al-Qaeda personnel, with bunkers and emplacements. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/afghanistan/sayyaf.htm] Abdul holds a degree in religion from [[Kabul]] University and a masters from [[Al-Azhar University]] in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]].

He was backed by Saudi Arabia, and is head of the [[Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan]], in 2001 the only Pashtun leader allied with the United Front ([[Northern Alliance]]) in its war against the governing [[Taliban]] prior to the fall of Kabul, thus wielding little clout as a military leader. He was able to pay men under his command with donations he received from wealthy Arab benefactors.

== 9/11 Commission Report ==

The [[9/11 Commission Report]] mentions on page 146 that Sayyaf was a mentor to [[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]], chief manager of the "planes operation" which culminated in the quadruple hijackings of [[2001]]. Somewhat ironically, the report also mentions on page 149 that "Sayyaf was close to [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]], leader of the [[Afghan Northern Alliance]]. Therefore working with him might [have been] a problem for KSM because [[Bin Laden]] was building ties to the rival [[Taliban]]." Abdul allegedly arranged the interview in which Ahmad Massoud was assassinated.

== Abu Sayyaf group ==

In Kathy Gannon's "I is for Infidel, From Holy War to Holy Terror: 18 Years in Afghanistan". Mrs. Gannon mentions the Abu Sayyaf group, a Philippine terrorist organization, "was named for him by its founder Abdurajak Janjalani. Janjalani was a student and a disciple of his who received military training from him."

== Constitutional Loya Jirga ==

In 2003 Sayyaf was elected one of 502 representatives at the Constitutional [[Loya Jirga]] in Kabul, chairing one of the working groups. Originally wanted Loya Jirga intended to divide the 502 delegates randomly among 10 working groups, but Sayyaf objected, suggesting delegates be divided among the groups to ensure equal distribution of professional expertise, provincial origin, gender and other criteria. "Those who know the constitution, the ulema [Islamic scholars], and the lawyers should be split into different groups so that the results of the discussion and debate will be positive, and closer to each other," said Sayyaf.

== Influence ==

Abdul Sayyaf's influence in the convention was felt further when his ally [[Fazal Hadi Shinwari]] was appointed by [[Hamid Karzai]] as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, in violation of the constitution, as Fazal was over the age limit and trained only in religious, not secular, law. Shinwari packed the Supreme Court with sympathetic mullahs, called for Taliban-style punishments and renewed Taliban's dreaded Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, renamed the Ministry of Haj and Religious Affairs. It deployed squads to prevent public displays of "un-Islamic" behavior among Afghan women.

==External links==
*[http://hrw.org/reports/2005/afghanistan0605/5.htm#_Toc105552365] - [[Human Rights Watch]] report indicting the Ittihad forces under Sayyaf for human rights abuses.
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/afghanistan/sayyaf.htm]

[[Category:Afghan people|Sayyaf, Abdul Rasul]]

[[ko:압둘 라술 사야프]]

Professional Employer Organization

2006-05-01T00:54:39Z

Light current: hdgs+tidy

A '''Professional Employer Organization''', or '''PEO''', is a type of business that allows outsourcing of [[human resources]] functions, mainly for small to mid-sized business who do not have the need or resources for a dedicated department.

== Description ==

Typically, a PEO will legally hire a companies current employees, thereby making the PEO 'employer of record' for taxation and insurance purposes. Subsequently, the employees are leased back to the original employer (now client) under a staffing contract similar to temporary staffing. This practice is also known as employee leasing or staff leasing. PEOs usually sign a Professional Services Agreement with clients which outlines the terms of the leasing contract and how the various employment-related liabilities and obligations are to be shared. The PEO Company assumes responsibility for all payroll obligations, health benefits, welfare and retirement benefits being optional additional services which can also be contracted, as well as all the associated administrative paperwork.
== Origins ==

The Professional Employer Organization or PEO concept originated in the United States of America in the early 1980s and it is estimated that there as of 2006 there are over 500 PEOs operating in the USA.

== Operating procedures ==

The PEO also issues checks usually drawn on their own bank accounts and receives an agreed professional services fee from their clients. A leased employee is a worker who is essentially rented on a long-term basis from a PEO Company that is responsible for employing the worker, paying the salary or wages and taxes and providing benefits for that employee. Under a typical agreement, an employer contracts with a PEO Company and dismisses some or all of its employees who are hired by the Professional Employer Organizatoin and then leased on a long term basis to the original employer.

== Human resource management ==

Most Professional Employers also provide human resource management for leased employees. Establishments in this industry usually operate in a co-employment relationship with client businesses or organizations and are specialized in performing a wide range of human resource and personnel management duties, such as payroll accounting, payroll tax return preparation, benefits administration, recruiting and managing labor relations. Professional Employment Organizations or PEO establishments exercise varying degrees of decision making relating to their human resource or personnel management role, but do not have any management accountability for the work of their clients' operations with regard to day to day work activities, strategic planning, output or profitability.

PEO's provide four integrated services through co-employment. 1.
*Human Resource Compliance
*Risk Management
*Benefits Administration
*Payroll.

Employees gain access to benefits such as group health, 401(k) plans, cafeteria 125 plans, life and dental insurance options. Many PEO's offer even more value adding benefits and services to help client employers and their employees succeed.

== Acceptance ==
Acceptance of the co-employment arrangement varies by state and industry. In addition to assisting companies with state regulatory compliance, PEOs have traditionally provided worker’s compensation insurance coverage (work comp). Each state in the USA has differing regulations for workers’ compensation insurance and state unemployment tax laws. Workers’ compensation insurance regulation is controlled at the state level and all states require employers to provide coverage with the exception of Texas. Employers failing to provide workers comp for their employees risk personal liability for the cost of employee injuries and fines from the state. Under a formal co-employment relationship with a PEO, workers’ compensation insurance is provided by the PEO and work comp claims and claims administration are handled by the PEO on behalf of the client. Each state has differing regulatory bodies for [http://www.staffmarket.com/peo/peo_licensing.asp workers’ compensation law and licensing requirements for PEO's]. The costs to employers for workers compensation insurance through a PEO is based on the risk type of the jobs being performed and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_modifier experience modifier] of the client company.

For a directory of Professional Employer Organizations visit [[http://www.staffmarket.com StaffMarket]] who maintains a detailed database of PEO service and insurance options available throughout the USA.
[[Category:Human resources management]]
{{Business-stub}}

Klopfcode

2005-12-29T03:17:51Z

Light current: rm line

The Tap Code is outlined in the table below:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
-+---+---+---+---+---+
1| A | B | C | D | E |
-+---+---+---+---+---+
2| F | G | H | I | J |
-+---+---+---+---+---+
3| L | M | N | O | P |
-+---+---+---+---+---+
4| Q | R | S | T | U |
-+---+---+---+---+---+
5| V | W | X | Y | Z |
-+---+---+---+---+---

To use the code, a prisoner would first indicate which row 1-5 and then after a pause- but not long enough to denote a different letter- would follow up with the column to specify which letter.

For example, the letter "A" would roughly be: . .
. . = (Row, Column)

Or to communicate the word "WATER" the code would be

..... .. . . .... .... . ..... .... ..

(5,2) (1,1) (4,4) (1,5) (4, 2)

W A T E R