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Arabischer Winter

2016-05-22T01:08:25Z

Knowledgebattle: WorldNetDaily should not be used as a source. Wikipedia:RS

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}

The '''Arab Winter'''<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web|url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/9753123/Middle-East-review-of-2012-the-Arab-Winter.html |title=Middle East review of 2012: the Arab Winter | work = The Telegraph |accessdate=July 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher = The Jerusalem Post | url = http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Analysis-Arab-Winter-is-coming-to-Baghdad-359348 |title = Analysis: Arab Winter is coming to Baghdad | work = The Telegraph | accessdate = October 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2014/April/Expert-Warns-of-Americas-Coming-Arab-Winter/ |title=Expert Warns of America's Coming 'Arab Winter' |publisher=CBN |accessdate=October 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-arab-winter |title= The Arab Winter|work= The New Yorker | accessdate = October 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.spu.edu/about-spu/news/articles/2014/may/arab-spring |title= Arab Spring or Arab Winter?| publisher= The New Yorker | accessdate= October 8, 2014}}</ref> is a term for the rise of [[authoritarianism]] and [[religious extremism]],<ref>[http://bpr.berkeley.edu/2015/03/30/after-every-winter-comes-spring-tunisias-democratic-flowering/]</ref> evolving in the aftermath of the [[Arab Spring]] protests in [[Arab League]] countries. The concept was first used by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in December 2011.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-the-hope-of-the-arab-spring-the-chill-of-an-arab-winter/2011/11/28/gIQABGqHIO_story.html ''After the hope of the Arab Spring, the chill of an Arab Winter'']</ref> According to scholars of the [[University of Warsaw]], the Arab Spring fully devolved into Arab Winter four years since its onset.<ref>Radoslaw Fiedler, Przemyslaw Osiewicz. ''Transformation processes in Egypt after 2011''. 2015. p182.</ref> The Arab Winter is characterized by the emergence of multiple regional [[civil war]]s, mounting regional instability,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://theconversation.com/from-egypt-to-syria-this-could-be-the-start-of-the-arab-winter-17335 |title= From Egypt to Syria, this could be the start of the Arab Winter|date=April 17, 2014|work= The Conversation | accessdate = October 23, 2014}}</ref> economic and demographic decline of Arab countries,<ref name=rivlin/> and ethno-religious sectarian strife.<ref>{{Citation | last = Malmvig | first = Lassen | title = Arab uprisings: regional implication | publisher = IEMED | year = 2013 | format = [[Portable document format|PDF]] | url = http://www.iemed.org/observatori/arees-danalisi/arxius-adjunts/anuari/iemed-2013/Malmvig%20Lassen%20Arab%20Uprisings%20Regional%20Implications%20EN.pdf}}.</ref> According to a study by the [[American University of Beirut]], as of summer 2014 the Arab Winter resulted in nearly a quarter of a million deaths and millions of refugees.<ref>{{Citation | title = Displacement in the Middle East and North Africa – between the Arab Winter and the Arab Spring | journal = International Affairs | date = August 28, 2013 | format = PDF | publisher = AUB | place = LB | url = http://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/international_affairs/Documents/working_paper_series/20130828_IA_WP_AUB_Paper_on_Displacement_in_Arab_Spring.pdf}}.</ref>

The term Arab Winter refers to the events across the [[Arab World]], including the [[Syrian Civil War]],<ref name="Fear and Faith in Paradise">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com./books?id=__lUxmzAZ08C&pg=PA296 | title =Fear and Faith in Paradise| accessdate=October 23, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Arab Winter">{{cite web| url = http://americamagazine.org/issue/culture/arab-winter |title=Arab Winter|work=America Staging|accessdate= October 23, 2014}}</ref> the [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–14)|Iraqi insurgency]] and the [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–present)|following civil war]],<ref name="The Jerusalem Post">{{cite web|url= http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Analysis-Arab-Winter-is-coming-to-Baghdad-359348 |title= Analysis: Arab Winter is coming to Baghdad | work = The Jerusalem Post | accessdate = October 23, 2014}}</ref> the [[Egyptian Crisis (2011–14)|Egyptian Crisis]],<ref name= euronews>{{cite web | url = http://www.euronews.com/2013/02/08/egypt-and-tunisia-s-new-arab-winter/ | title = Egypt and Tunisia’s new ‘Arab winter’ | work = Euro news | accessdate = October 23, 2014}}</ref> the [[Libyan Crisis (2011–present)|Libyan Crisis]] and the [[Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)|Crisis in Yemen]].<ref name="Yemen’s Arab winter">{{cite web| url = http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-s-arab-winter-1470341500 |title=Yemen’s Arab winter|work= Middle East Eye | accessdate=October 23, 2014}}</ref> Events, referred as Arab Winter, have taken place in [[Egypt]] that led to the removal of [[Mohamed Morsi]] and the seizure of power by General [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] in an anti-[[Muslim Brotherhood]] campaign.<ref name= "euronews.com">{{Citation | title = Egypt & Tunisia’s new Arab winter | newspaper = Euro news | date = February 8, 2013 | url = http://www.euronews.com/2013/02/08/egypt-and-tunisia-s-new-arab-winter/}}.</ref> Political developments, particularly the restoration of authoritarianism and suppression of [[civil liberties]] in Egypt since [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|July 3, 2013]] have been described as constituting a "military winter" that functioned in opposition to the goals of the Arab Spring.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thenation.com/article/175121/coup-egypt-arab-winter |title = The Coup in Egypt: An Arab Winter?|work=The Nation|date=July 5, 2013|accessdate=November 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher = The Huffington Post | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/21/egypt-arab-spring_n_4568523.html | title = In Egypt, Arab Spring Gives Way To Military Winter| work= The World Post| date= January 21, 2014 | accessdate = November 1, 2014}}</ref> Various militias and tribes have started fighting in Libya after a breakdown in negotiations.<ref name = Yom /> The [[Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon|arenas of Lebanon]] and [[Bahraini uprising of 2011|Bahrain]] were also identified as areas of the Arab Winter.<ref name=rivlin/> [[Libya]] was put as a scene of the Arab Winter, together with [[Syria]], by Prof. [[Sean Yom]].<ref name = Yom>{{cite web| title = Lecture Explores Past and Future Arab Spring | date = October 10, 2014 | url= http://daily.swarthmore.edu/2014/10/10/lecture-explores-past-and-future-arab-spring/ | work = The Daily Gazette | accessdate = October 19, 2014}}</ref> The [[Northern Mali conflict]] was often described as part of the "[[Islamism|Islamist]] Winter".<ref>"In Mali AQ achieved to infiltrate and take over [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)|Tuareg insurgency]]. If AQ succeeds to keep the Arab Spring countries destabilized, this will lead to a viral reproduction of [[Azawad]] scenario. AQ is the "Islamic Winter"." [http://securityobserver.org/the-role-of-al-qaeda-in-mali-a-lesson-for-arab-spring-future/]</ref> Political changes which occurred in [[Tunisia]], involving a change in government, as well as an [[ISIL insurgency in Tunisia|ISIL insurgency]] were also indicated by some as a possible "heading towards Arab Winter".<ref name = "euronews.com" />{{clarify|date=September 2015}}

According to the [[Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies]], as of January 2014, the cost of Arab Winter upheaval across the Arab World is some 800 billion USD.<ref name= rivlin>{{Citation | title = Iqtisadi | date = Jan 2014 | url = http://www.dayan.org/sites/default/files/Iqtisadi%202014/Iqtisadi_Jan_14_ENG.pdf | last = Rivlin | first = P | publisher = Dayan Research Center}}.</ref> Some 16 million people in Syria, Egypt, [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]] and [[Lebanon]] were expected to require humanitarian assistance in 2014.<ref name=rivlin />

According to ''[[The Economist]]'', [[Malta]] has "benefited" from the Arab Winter, as tourists who might otherwise be in Egypt or Tunisia opt for a safer alternative.<ref>[http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21678248-migrants-once-flocked-malta-host-eu-african-migration-summit-not-anymore-high-wall ''High Wall, Narrow Sea.'']</ref>

The political turmoil and violence in the Middle East and North Africa resulted in [[European migrant crisis|massive population displacement in the region]].<ref>''“Displacement in the Middle East and North Africa: Between an Arab Winter and the Arab Spring”''. "In the midst of ongoing uprisings, violence, and political turmoil, widespread population displacement took place as a result of the conflict in Libya, the violence in Syria and upheaval in Yemen. In each of these contexts, the new waves of displacement took place in or to areas already struggling with previous waves, leading to multi-layered and complex crises."[https://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/international_affairs/Documents/working_paper_series/20130828_IA_WP_AUB_Paper_on_Displacement_in_Arab_Spring.pdf]</ref> As a result, “boat-people”, including internally displaced persons and asylum-seekers and refugees who had previously been residing in Libya, have headed towards the [[European Union]].<ref name=aub>[https://www.aub.edu.lb/ifi/international_affairs/Documents/working_paper_series/20130828_IA_WP_AUB_Paper_on_Displacement_in_Arab_Spring.pdf]</ref> The attempts by some Libyans and Tunisians to seek safety from the violence by crossing the Mediterranean sea triggered fears among European politicians and populations of arrivals that might “flood” their shores. This spurred on a flurry of legislative activity and patrolling of the waters to manage arrivals.<ref name=aub/>

==See also==
*[[European migrant crisis]]
*[[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]
**[[Military campaigns against ISIL]]
*[[List of modern conflicts in North Africa]]
*[[Spillover of the Syrian Civil War]]
{{Portal bar|Middle East|Africa|Politics|Social movements|2010s|Syrian Civil War}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XEu1WCWFd8 RT - Flames, Fury & Frustration: Arab Spring spins into Arab Winter?]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmBaZv0dq7Q RT - CrossTalk: Arab Winter?]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzD9_7Wlbhg Arirang News - Prime Talk: Are we approaching an Arab Winter? Jang Ji-hyang, Asan Institute for Policy Studies]

{{Post-Cold War Asian conflicts}}
{{Post-Cold War African conflicts}}
{{Syrian civil war}}
{{Ongoing military conflicts}}
{{Middle East conflicts}}

[[Category:Syrian Civil War portal]]
[[Category:Arab Winter| ]]
[[Category:Aftermath of the Arab Spring]]
[[Category:2010s conflicts]]
[[Category:2010s in Africa]]
[[Category:2010s in Asia]]
[[Category:21st-century revolutions]]
[[Category:Arab history]]
[[Category:History of North Africa]]
[[Category:History of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Impact of the Arab Spring]]
[[Category:Revolutionary waves]]

Alexander Aan

2015-10-14T00:38:02Z

Knowledgebattle:

{{Infobox person
| name = Alexander Aan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Alexander An
| birth_date = 1981
| occupation = Ex Civil Servant, Mathematic Teacher
| known_for = 2012 arrest for comments on religion
}}

'''Alexander An''' (born 1981<ref name=AI>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA21/021/2012/en/9ce2ebf3-8112-49b3-9f5b-505d8b59dca0/asa210212012en.html |title=Indonesia: Atheist imprisonment a setback for freedom of expression |date=14 June 2012 |publisher=Amnesty International |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>) is an Indonesian [[Atheism|atheist]] and [[ex-Muslim]] of [[Minangkabau people|Minang]] descent.<ref name=G35>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/03/indonesia-atheists-religious-freedom-aan |title=Indonesia's atheists face battle for religious freedom |author=Kate Hodal |date=3 May 2012 |work=The Guardian |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=JP146>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/06/14/minang-atheist-sentenced-25-years-prison.html |title='Minang atheist' sentenced to 2.5 years in prison |author=Syofiardi Bachyul Jb |date=14 June 2012 |work=The Jakarta Post |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> He was imprisoned in 2012 for posting comments and images to [[Facebook]] that were judged to be "disseminating information aimed at inciting religious hatred or hostility" by the [[Muaro Sijunjung]] district court.<ref name=AI /><ref name="William Pesek">{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/commentary/from-lady-gaga-to-atheist-alexander-to-dbs-indonesia-is-sending-investors-bad-signals/525397 |title=From Lady Gaga to Atheist Alexander to DBS, Indonesia Is Sending Investors Bad Signals |author=William Pesek |date=20 June 2012 |work=Jakarta Globe |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/amnesty-calls-for-release-of-jailed-indonesian-atheist/524453 |title=Amnesty Calls for Release of Jailed Indonesian Atheist |date=14 June 2012 |work=Jakarta Globe |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Sara Malm">{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2159530/Indonesian-man-jailed-half-years-writing-God-doesn-t-exist-Facebook-page.html |title=Indonesian man jailed for two-and-a-half years for writing 'God doesn’t exist' on his Facebook page |author=Sara Malm |date=14 June 2012 |work=Daily Mail |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> The sentence sparked national debate<ref name=G35/> and caused [[Amnesty International]] to designate him a [[prisoner of conscience]].<ref name=AI />

==Arrest and trial==
Prior to his arrest, Alexander was a civil servant in the [[Pulau Punjung]] subdistrict of [[West Sumatra]] province.<ref name=AI /> Though he had been raised as a Muslim, Alexander raised doubts about God by age 11,<ref name=G35 /> and stopped participating in religious rituals in 2008. In January 2012, he posted to an atheist Facebook group he had joined, stating that God did not exist. His post asked, "If God exists, why do bad things happen? ... There should only be good things if God is merciful."<ref name=T256>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/indonesia/9027145/Atheist-Indonesian-in-protective-custody-after-being-beaten-by-mob.html |title=Atheist Indonesian in protective custody after being beaten by mob |author=Ian McKinnon |date=20 January 2012 |work=The Telegraph |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> He declared [[heaven]], [[hell]], [[angel]]s, and [[devil]]s to be "myths".<ref name=JP146/> He also posted an article describing [[Mohammad]] as "attracted to his daughter-in-law".
The posts were seen by the [[Indonesian Council of Ulema]], who reported him to the police for [[blasphemy]].<ref name=T256 />{{efn|Indonesia supports the [[freedom of religion]] of members of only six religions: Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Members of religious minorities often face persecution.<ref name="kompas"/>}} On 18 January, an angry mob attacked Alexander on his way to work, causing police to take him into protective custody.<ref name=AI /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16644141 |title=Row over Indonesia atheist Facebook post |date=20 January 2012 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> Two days later, he was charged with "disseminating information aimed at inciting religious hatred or hostility", "religious blasphemy", and "calling for others to embrace atheism".<ref name=AI /> The district police chief also stated that Alexander had lied on his application for his government job, claiming to be Muslim.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chron.com/news/article/Indonesian-charged-with-blasphemy-for-atheist-post-2661891.php |title=Indonesian charged with blasphemy for atheist post |date=21 January 2012 |work=The Houston Chronicle |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=25 June 2012}}
</ref>
On 14 June, the [[Muaro Sijunjung]] district court found Alexander guilty of "disseminating information aimed at inciting religious hatred or hostility" and sentenced him to two and a half years' imprisonment and a fine of 100 million rupiah (US$10,600).<ref name=AI /><ref name="Sara Malm"/> The charges of religious blasphemy and "calling for others to embrace atheism" were dropped. During the sentencing, the presiding judge described Alexander's actions as having "caused anxiety to the community and tarnished Islam".<ref name=AFP146>{{cite news |url=http://news.ph.msn.com/regional/indonesian-jailed-for-prophet-mohammed-cartoons |title=Indonesian jailed for Prophet Mohammed cartoons |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=14 June 2012 |work=The Straits Times |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
On 31 January 2014, Aan was released from prison.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/01/31/atheist-alexander-aan-gets-prison.html |title= Atheist Alexander Aan gets of prison |date=31 January 2014 |website= |publisher=thejakartapost |accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref>

==Reactions==
Alexander's arrest caused "outrage" among both domestic and international religious freedom activists, and several petitions were circulated calling for his release.<ref name=AFP146 /> [[Setara Institute]] director Hendardi described the requested sentence as "excessive", a demonstration of "the arbitrariness of the law and law enforcement officials", and a violation of the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]], to which Indonesia is a signatory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/activists-call-for-acquittal-of-embattled-atheist-alexander/523839 |title=Activists Call for Acquittal of Embattled Atheist Alexander |author=Febriamy Hutapea |date=13 June 2012 |work=Jakarta Globe |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] responded by designating Alexander a prisoner of conscience, describing the sentence as "a serious setback for freedom of expression in Indonesia". The organization called for Alexander's immediate release.<ref name=AI /> [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Alexander's sentence suggested "a threat to Indonesia's religious minorities" in light of recent attacks by extremists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-06-15/news/32258951_1_religious-hatred-indonesia-human-rights-watch |title=Man jailed in Indonesia for atheist Facebook posts |author=Meghan Neal |date=15 June 2012 |work=Daily News |location=New York |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> The [[Asian Human Rights Commission]] also called for Alexander's release, stating that his actions did not "pose a threat to public order" and were covered by freedom of religion.<ref name=CP />

[[Atheist Alliance International]] began a campaign on Alexander's behalf, stating that his case "highlights the fundamental principles of freedom of expression and freedom of conscience and the discrimination faced by atheists, particularly in Islamic countries."<ref name=CP>{{cite web |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/atheist-group-launches-efforts-to-help-jailed-facebook-user-in-indonesia-76987/ |title=Atheist Group Launches Efforts to Help Jailed Facebook User in Indonesia |author=Michael Gryboski |date=20 June 2012 |work=The Christian Post |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> An opinion column in ''[[The Jakarta Globe]]'' described the charges as "a blight on Indonesia’s democratic credentials" and a threat to Indonesia's attractiveness to foreign investors.<ref name="William Pesek"/>

The [[Center for Inquiry]], first supporting the petition of the Asian Human Rights Commission,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/urgent_add_your_voice_to_support_jailed_atheist_in_indonesia/ |title=URGENT: Add Your Voice to Support Jailed Atheist in Indonesia |publisher=Center for Inquiry |date=25 April 2012 }}</ref> organized a protest outside the Indonesian Embassy in Washington, DC on 18 June 2012, calling for Indonesian authorities to release and exonerate Aan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/dc/events/protest_in_support_of_jailed_indonesian_atheist_alexander_aan/ |title=Protest in Support of Jailed Indonesian Atheist Alexander Aan |publisher=Center for Inquiry |year=2012 |accessdate=28 June 2012}}</ref> A second CFI-organized protest outside the Indonesian Consulate in New York City took place on July 6.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/nyc/events/alexander_aan/ |title=IMPORTANT: Protest in Support of Jailed Indonesian Atheist Alexander Aan |accessdate=28 June 2012}}</ref> CFI also sent a letter demanding for Aan's release to the Indonesia Embassy through its Office of Public Policy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/news/center_for_inquiry_calls_for_alexander_aans_freedom_in_letter_to_indonesian/ |title=Center for Inquiry Calls for Alexander Aan’s Freedom in Letter to Indonesian Ambassador |date=21 June 2012 |publisher=Center for Inquiry |accessdate=28 June 2012}}</ref>

The [[Islamic Society Forum]], a coalition of [[Islamist]] groups, stated that the potential five-year sentence was not enough, and that Alexander should be executed. The organization's secretary-general stated, "What he has done cannot be tolerated... it is important to prevent this group from spreading atheism in this country."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/02/192028.html |title=Indonesian atheist’s arrest sparks tension online |date=2 February 2012 |publisher=Al Arabiya |accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref> The atheist Facebook group which he founded saw a surge in membership, up to 2,000. However, most of these were against atheists and Aan; postings included calls for atheists to be [[Decapitation|beheaded]] and calling them cowards.<ref name="kompas">{{cite web |url=http://english.kompas.com/read/2012/02/02/14074688/Indonesian.Atheists.Arrest.Sparks.Tension.Online|author=Jimmy Hitipeuw |title=Indonesian Atheist's Arrest Sparks Tension Online |date=2 February 2012 |work=Kompas |accessdate=27 June 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Human rights in Indonesia]]
*[[Religion in Indonesia]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Alexander Aan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indonesian atheist and prisoner
| DATE OF BIRTH = c. 1982
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aan, Alexander}}
[[Category:1980s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience]]
[[Category:Indonesian atheists]]
[[Category:Indonesian former Muslims]]
[[Category:Minangkabau people]]
[[Category:People from West Sumatra]]
[[Category:Persecution of atheists]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Indonesia]]

Humayun Azad

2015-10-14T00:06:32Z

Knowledgebattle:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Humayun Azad
|native_name = হুমায়ুন আজাদ
|native_name_lang = bn
| image = File:Humaun Azad (1947-2004).jpg
| birth_name = Mohammed Humayun Azad
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1947|4|28}}
| birth_place = Rarhi Khal, [[Munshiganj|Munshiganj District]], [[British India]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|08|12|1947|04|28}}
| death_place = [[Munich]], Germany
| resting_place = Fuller Road, [[Dhaka University]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| occupation = Author, poet, scholar, [[linguists]], critic, columnist
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| ethnicity =
| education = BA ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]) PhD ([[linguistics]])
| alma_mater = [[University of Dhaka]] [[University of Edinburgh]]
| genre = [[Anti-establishment]]
| notableworks = Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe Chappanno Hazar Borgomile
| spouse = Latifa Kohinoor
| children = 3
| influenced = [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Gustave Flaubert]]
| awards = [[Bangla Academy Award]] [[Ekushey Padak]]
}}

'''Humayun Azad''' ({{lang-bn|{{Audio|En-us-Humayun Azad from Bangladesh pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|হুমায়ূন আজাদ}}}}; 28 April 1947{{snd}}12 August 2004) was a Bangladeshi author, poet, scholar and linguist. He wrote more than seventy titles. In 2012, the [[Government of Bangladesh]] honoured him with [[Ekushey Padak]] posthumously.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 February 2012|title=15 personalities receive Ekushey Padak|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2012/02/20/15-personalities-receive-ekushey-padak|newspaper=bdnews24.com|access-date=20 February 2012}}</ref>

==Professional and literary life==
{{unsourced|section|date=September 2015}}
Azad was born in the village of Rarhikhal, [[Munshiganj]] district. He earned BA degree in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language and literature from [[University of Dhaka]]. He obtained his PhD in [[linguistics]] from the [[University of Edinburgh]] in 1976. He later served as a faculty member of the department of Bengali language and literature at the [[University of Dhaka]]. His early career produced works on Bengali linguistics, notably [[syntax]]. He is regarded as a leading linguist of the Bengali language.

Towards the end of the 1980s, he started to write newspaper column focusing on contemporary socio-political issues. His commentaries continued throughout the 1990s and were later published as books as they grew in numbers. Through his writings of the 1990s, he established himself as a freethinker and appeared to be an agnostic. In his works, he openly criticised [[religious extremism]], as well as Islam, the major religion in Bangladesh.

In 1992 Azad published the first comprehensive feminist book in Bengali titled ''Naari'' (''Woman''). Largely akin to ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]] in contents and ideas, ''Naari'' became a best-seller{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} and earned Azad popularity as an author. In this work Azad painstakingly compiled the feminist ideas of the West that underlie the feminist contributions of the subcontinent's socio-political reformers and drew attention to the anti-women attitude of some acclaimed [[Bengali writers]] including [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. The work, critical of the patriarchal and male-chauvinistic attitude of religion towards women, attracted negative reaction from the conservatives. The [[Government of Bangladesh]] banned the book in 1995. The ban was eventually lifted in 2000, following a legal battle that Azad won in the High Court of the country.

==Assassination attempt==
Azad had been fearing for his life ever since excerpts of his new novel, ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' (Pakistan's national anthem; ''Blessed be the Sacred Land'') was first published in ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'''s Eid supplement in 2003. In that write-up, he tried to expose the politics and ideology of Islamic fundamentalists of [[Bangladesh]]. After that book had been published, he started receiving various threats from the fundamentalists. In an email to Mukto-mona, an independent website, where he was then a member, Azad wrote:

{{quote|text=The Ittefaq published a novel by me named ''[[Pak Sar Jamin Saad Baad]]'' in its Eid issue in December 3. It deals with the condition of Bangladesh for the last two years. Now the (religious) fundamentalists are bringing out regular processions against me, demanding exemplary punishment. The attached two files with this letter will help you understand.<ref name=truncated>{{cite news |last1=Zaman |first1=Mustafa |last2=Hussain |first2=Ahmede |date=1 September 2004 |title=A Truncated Life |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=18 September 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040907033325/http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm |archivedate=1 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mukto-mona.com/bangla_blog/?p=2121 |script-title=মুক্তমনা সম্পাদকের স্মৃতিতে হুমায়ুন আজাদ] |trans-title=Humayun Azad Remembrance |date=13 August 2009 |website=Mukto-mona |type=Blog}}</ref>|sign=Humayun Azad}}

On 27 February 2004, he became the victim of a vicious assassination attempt by assailants near the campus of the [[University of Dhaka]] during the annual [[Bangla Academy]] book fair. A week prior to Azad's assault, [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]], one of the renowned religious leaders of Bangladesh demanded, in the parliament, that Azad's political satire ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' would be banned and demanded the introduction of the Blasphemy Act on the author.<ref name=truncated/>

In 2006, the commander of [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh|Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)]] admitted to the [[Rapid Action Battalion|RAB]] interrogators that his operatives carried out the attacks on writer Azad and another faculty member of [[Rajshahi University]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=JMB also killed writer of Tangail |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/06/05/d6060501128.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> The official position of Azad's attempt of assassination is still unidentified.

==Death==
On 12 August 2004, Azad was found dead in his apartment in [[Munich]], Germany, where he had arrived a week earlier to conduct research on the nineteenth century German romantic poet [[Heinrich Heine]], several months after the Islamists' machete attack on him at a book fair, which had left him grievously injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Humayun Azad found dead in Munich|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/08/14/d4081401011.htm|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=14 August 2004 |accessdate=8 August 2015}}</ref> His family demanded an investigation, alleging that the extremists who had attempted the earlier assassination had a role in this death.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2009|title=Proper probe into death of Humayun Azad demanded|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=101061|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> He was buried in Rarhikhal, his village home in Bangladesh.

===Awards===
Azad has received numerous awards; mainly for his all literature works.
* ''[[Bangla Academy Award]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Ekushey Padak]]'' (2012)

==Bibliography==

===Poetry===
* ''Aloukik Ishtimar'' (1973) অলৌকিক ইষ্টিমার
* ''Jolo Chitabagh'' (1980) জ্বলো চিতাবাঘ
* ''Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe'' (1985) সব কিছু নষ্টদের অধিকারে যাবে
* ''Jotoi Gobhire Jai Modhu Jotoi Uporay Jai Neel'' (1987) যতোই গভীরে যাই মধু যতোই ওপরে যাই নীল
* ''Ami Bachay Chilam Onnoder Shomoy'' (1990) আমি বেঁচেছিলাম অন্যদের সময়ে
* ''Humayun Azader Shreshtho Kobita'' (1993) হুমায়ূন আজাদের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা
* ''Adhunik Bangla Kobita'' (1994) আধুনিক বাঙলা কবিতা
* ''Kafone Mora Osrubindu'' (1998) কাফনে মোড়া অশ্রুবিন্দু
* ''Kabya Shonggroho'' (1998) কাব্য সংগ্রহ
* ''Peronor Kichhu Nei'' (2004) পেরোনোর কিছু নেই

===Fictions===
* ''Chappanno Hazar Borgomile'' (1994) ছাপ্পান্নো হাজার বর্গমাইল [''Fifty-Six Thousand Square Miles''] {{OCLC|60043495}}
* ''Shob Kichu Bhenge Pore'' (1995) সব কিছু ভেঙে পড়ে ISBN 978-984-401-264-6
* ''Manush Hishbe Amar Oporadhshomuho'' (1996) মানুষ হিসেবে আমার অপরাধসমূহ
* ''Jadukorer Mrittu'' (1996) যাদুকরের মৃত্যু
* ''Shuvobroto, Tar Shomporkito Shushomacher'' (1997) শুভব্রত, তার সম্পর্কিত সুসমাচার [''Shuvobroto, and His Gospel'']
* ''Rajnitibidgon'' (1998) রাজনীতিবিদগণ
* ''Kobi Othoba Dondito Aupurush'' (1999) কবি অথবা দন্ডিত অপুরুষ
* ''Nijer Shongge Nijer Jiboner Modhu'' (2000) নিজের সঙ্গে নিজের জীবনের মধু
* ''Fali Fali Ko're Kata Chand'' (2001) ফালি ফালি ক'রে কাটা চাঁদ
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Ak'' (2001) উপন্যাসসংগ্রহ-১ [''Collection of Novels, Vol.1'']
* ''Sraboner Brishtite Roktojoba'' (2002) শ্রাবণের বৃষ্টিতে রক্তজবা
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Dui'' (2002) উপন্যাসসংগ্রহ-২ [''Collection of Novels, Vol.2'']
* ''Dosh Hazar Abong Aro Akti Dhorshon'' (2003) ১০,০০০, এবং আরো একটি ধর্ষণ [''10,000, And ! More Rape''] ISBN 978-984-40-1731-3
* ''Ekti Khuner svapna'' (2004) একটি খুনের স্বপ্ন
* ''[[Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad]]'' (2004) পাক সার জমিন সাদ বাদ [''The Blessed Sacred Land'']

===Criticism===
* ''Rabindraprobondho/Rashtro O Shomajchinta'' (1973) রবীন্দ্র প্রবন্ধ/রাষ্ট্র ও সমাজচিন্তা
* ''Shamsur Rahman/Nishshonggo Sherpa'' (1983) শামসুর রাহমান/নিঃসঙ্গ শেরপা
* ''Shilpokolar Bimanikikoron O Onnanno Probondho'' (1988) শিল্পকলার বিমানবিকীকরণ ও অন্যান্য প্রবন্ধ
* ''Bhasha-Andolon:Shahittik Potobhumi'' (1990) ভাষা-আন্দোলন: সাহিত্যিক পটভূমি
* ''[[Naree]]'' (1992) নারী (গ্রন্থ)|নারী; banned between 19 November 1995 and 7 March 2000
* ''Protikkriashilotar Dirgho Chayar Niche'' (1992) প্রতিক্রিয়াশীলতার দীর্ঘ ছায়ার নিচে
* ''Nibir Nilima'' (1992) নিবিড় নীলিমা
* ''Matal Torony'' (1992) মাতাল তরণী
* ''Norokay Anonto Hritu'' (1992) নরকে অনন্ত ঋতু
* ''Jolpai Ronger Andhokar'' (1992) জলপাই রঙের অন্ধকার
* ''Shimaboddhotar Shutro'' (1993) সীমাবদ্ধতার সূত্র
* ''Adhar O Adhayo'' (1993) আধার ও আধেয়
* ''Amar Abishshash'' (1997) আমার অবিশ্বাস
* ''Parbotto Chattagram: Shobuj Paharer Bhetor Diye Probahito Hingshar Jhornadhara'' (1997) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম: সবুজ পাহাড়ের ভেতর দিয়ে প্রবাহিত হিংসার ঝরনাধারা
* ''Nirbachito Probondho'' (1999) নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ
* ''Mohabishsho'' (2000) মহাবিশ্ব
* ''Ditio Lingo'' (2001) দ্বিতীয় লিঙ্গ; translation of ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]]
* ''Amra Ki Ai Bangladesh Cheyechilam'' (2003) আমরা কি এই বাঙলাদেশ চেয়েছিলাম
* ''Dhormanuvutir Upokotha'' (2004) ধর্মানভূতির উপকথা ও অন্যান্য
* ''Amar Notun Jonmo'' (2005) আমার নতুন জন্ম ISBN 984-401-839-0
* ''Amader Boimela'' (2006) আমাদের বইমেলা

=== Linguistics ===
* ''Pronominalization in Bengali'' (1983)
* ''Bangla Bhashar Shotrumitro'' (1983) বাঙলা ভাষার শত্রুমিত্র
* ''Bakkototto'' (1984) বাক্যতত্ত্ব
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol. 1 (1985) বাঙলা ভাষা – প্রথম খন্ড
* ''Tulonamulok O Oitihashik Bhashabiggan'' (1988) তুলনামূলক ও ঐতিহাসিক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol. 2 (1994) বাঙলা ভাষা – দ্বিতীয় খন্ড
* ''Arthobiggan'' (1999) অর্থবিজ্ঞান

===Teenage literature===
* ''Lal Neel Dipaboli Ba Bangla Shahitter Jiboni'' (1976) লাল নীল দীপাবলি বা বাঙলা সাহিত্যের জীবনী
* ''Fuler Gondhe Ghum Ashena'' (1985) ফুলের গন্ধে ঘুম আসেনা
* ''Koto Nodi Shorobor Ba Bangla Bhashar Jiboni'' (1987) কতো নদী সরোবর বা বাঙলা ভাষার জীবনী ISBN 984-401-017-9
* ''Abbuke Mone Pore'' (1989) আব্বুকে মনে পড়ে ISBN 984-401-555-3
* ''Bukpokete Jonakipoka'' (1993) বুকপকেটে জোনাকিপোকা
* ''Amader Shohoray Akdol Debdut'' (1996) আমাদের শহরে একদল দেবদূত
* ''Andhokaray Gondhoraj'' (2003) অন্ধকারে গন্ধরাজ
* ''Our Beautiful Bangladesh'' (2004)

===Others===
* ''Humayun Azader Probochonguccho'' (1992) হুমায়ুন আজাদের প্রবচনগুচ্ছ
* ''Shakkhatkar'' (1994) সাক্ষাৎকার
* ''Attotayider Shonge Kothopokothon'' (1995) আততায়ীদের সঙ্গে কথোপকথন
* ''Bohumatrik Jotirmoy'' (1997) বহুমাত্রিক জ্যোতির্ময়
* ''Rabindranath Thakurer Prothom Kobita'' (1997) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রধান কবিতা

==See also==
* [[List of converts to Nontheism]]
* [[List of former Muslims]]
* [[Blasphemy law in Bangladesh]]
* [[List of books banned by governments]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azad, Humayun}}
[[Category:Humayun Azad| ]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi writers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi linguists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi secularists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi atheists]]
[[Category:Bengali literature]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka faculty]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:Persecution of atheists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:Recipients of Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi poets]]
[[Category:Feminist writers]]

Humayun Azad

2015-10-13T09:01:49Z

Knowledgebattle:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Humayun Azad
|native_name = হুমায়ুন আজাদ
|native_name_lang = bn
| image = File:Humaun Azad (1947-2004).jpg
| birth_name = Mohammed Humayun Azad
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1947|4|28}}
| birth_place = Rarhi Khal, [[Munshiganj|Munshiganj District]], [[British India]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|08|12|1947|04|28}}
| death_place = [[Munich]], Germany
| resting_place = Fuller Road, [[Dhaka University]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| occupation = Author, poet, scholar, [[linguists]], critic, columnist
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| ethnicity =
| education = BA ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]) PhD ([[linguistics]])
| alma_mater = [[University of Dhaka]] [[University of Edinburgh]]
| genre = [[Anti-establishment]]
| notableworks = Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe Chappanno Hazar Borgomile
| spouse = Latifa Kohinoor
| children = 3
| influenced = [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Gustave Flaubert]]
| awards = [[Bangla Academy Award]] [[Ekushey Padak]]
}}

'''Humayun Azad''' ({{lang-bn|{{Audio|En-us-Humayun Azad from Bangladesh pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|হুমায়ূন আজাদ}}}}; 28 April 1947{{snd}}12 August 2004) was a Bangladeshi author, poet, scholar and linguist. He wrote more than seventy titles. In 2012, the [[Government of Bangladesh]] honoured him with [[Ekushey Padak]] posthumously.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 February 2012|title=15 personalities receive Ekushey Padak|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2012/02/20/15-personalities-receive-ekushey-padak|newspaper=bdnews24.com|access-date=20 February 2012}}</ref>

==Professional and literary life==
{{unsourced|section|date=September 2015}}
Azad was born in the village of Rarhikhal, [[Munshiganj]] district. He earned BA degree in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language and literature from [[University of Dhaka]]. He obtained his PhD in [[linguistics]] from the [[University of Edinburgh]] in 1976. He later served as a faculty member of the department of Bengali language and literature at the [[University of Dhaka]]. His early career produced works on Bengali linguistics, notably [[syntax]]. He is regarded as a leading linguist of the Bengali language.

Towards the end of the 1980s, he started to write newspaper column focusing on contemporary socio-political issues. His commentaries continued throughout the 1990s and were later published as books as they grew in numbers. Through his writings of the 1990s, he established himself as a freethinker and appeared to be an agnostic. In his works, he openly criticised [[religious extremism]], as well as Islam, the major religion in Bangladesh.

In 1992 Azad published the first comprehensive feminist book in Bengali titled ''Naari'' (''Woman''). Largely akin to ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]] in contents and ideas, ''Naari'' became a best-seller{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} and earned Azad popularity as an author. In this work Azad painstakingly compiled the feminist ideas of the West that underlie the feminist contributions of the subcontinent's socio-political reformers and drew attention to the anti-women attitude of some acclaimed [[Bengali writers]] including [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. The work, critical of the patriarchal and male-chauvinistic attitude of religion towards women, attracted negative reaction from the conservatives. The [[Government of Bangladesh]] banned the book in 1995. The ban was eventually lifted in 2000, following a legal battle that Azad won in the High Court of the country.

==Assassination attempt==
Azad had been fearing for his life ever since excerpts of his new novel, ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' (Pakistan's national anthem; ''Blessed be the Sacred Land'') was first published in ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'''s Eid supplement in 2003. In that write-up, he tried to expose the politics and ideology of Islamic fundamentalists of [[Bangladesh]]. After that book had been published, he started receiving various threats from the fundamentalists. In an email to Mukto-mona, an independent website, where he was then a member, Azad wrote:

{{quote|text=The Ittefaq published a novel by me named ''[[Pak Sar Jamin Saad Baad]]'' in its Eid issue in December 3. It deals with the condition of Bangladesh for the last two years. Now the (religious) fundamentalists are bringing out regular processions against me, demanding exemplary punishment. The attached two files with this letter will help you understand.<ref name=truncated>{{cite news |last1=Zaman |first1=Mustafa |last2=Hussain |first2=Ahmede |date=1 September 2004 |title=A Truncated Life |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=18 September 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040907033325/http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm |archivedate=1 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mukto-mona.com/bangla_blog/?p=2121 |script-title=মুক্তমনা সম্পাদকের স্মৃতিতে হুমায়ুন আজাদ] |trans-title=Humayun Azad Remembrance |date=13 August 2009 |website=Mukto-mona |type=Blog}}</ref>|sign=Humayun Azad}}

On 27 February 2004, he became the victim of a vicious assassination attempt by assailants near the campus of the [[University of Dhaka]] during the annual [[Bangla Academy]] book fair. A week prior to Azad's assault, [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]], one of the renowned religious leaders of Bangladesh demanded, in the parliament, that Azad's political satire ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' would be banned and demanded the introduction of the Blasphemy Act on the author.<ref name=truncated/>

In 2006, the commander of [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh|Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)]] admitted to the [[Rapid Action Battalion|RAB]] interrogators that his operatives carried out the attacks on writer Azad and another faculty member of [[Rajshahi University]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=JMB also killed writer of Tangail |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/06/05/d6060501128.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> The official position of Azad's attempt of assassination is still unidentified.

==Death==
On 12 August 2004, Azad was found dead in his apartment in [[Munich]], Germany, where he had arrived a week earlier to conduct research on the nineteenth century German romantic poet [[Heinrich Heine]], several months after the Islamists' machete attack on him at a book fair, which had left him grievously injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Humayun Azad found dead in Munich|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/08/14/d4081401011.htm|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=14 August 2004 |accessdate=8 August 2015}}</ref> His family demanded an investigation, alleging that the extremists who had attempted the earlier assassination had a role in this death.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2009|title=Proper probe into death of Humayun Azad demanded|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=101061|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> He was buried in Rarhikhal, his village home in Bangladesh.

===Awards===
Azad has received numerous awards; mainly for his all literature works.
* ''[[Bangla Academy Award]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Ekushey Padak]]'' (2012)

==Bibliography==

===Poetry===
* ''Aloukik Ishtimar'' (1973) অলৌকিক ইষ্টিমার
* ''Jolo Chitabagh'' (1980) জ্বলো চিতাবাঘ
* ''Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe'' (1985) সব কিছু নষ্টদের অধিকারে যাবে
* ''Jotoi Gobhire Jai Modhu Jotoi Uporay Jai Neel'' (1987) যতোই গভীরে যাই মধু যতোই ওপরে যাই নীল
* ''Ami Bachay Chilam Onnoder Shomoy'' (1990) আমি বেঁচেছিলাম অন্যদের সময়ে
* ''Humayun Azader Shreshtho Kobita'' (1993) হুমায়ূন আজাদের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা
* ''Adhunik Bangla Kobita'' (1994) আধুনিক বাঙলা কবিতা
* ''Kafone Mora Osrubindu'' (1998) কাফনে মোড়া অশ্রুবিন্দু
* ''Kabya Shonggroho'' (1998) কাব্য সংগ্রহ
* ''Peronor Kichhu Nei'' (2004) পেরোনোর কিছু নেই

===Fictions===
* ''Chappanno Hazar Borgomile'' (1994) ছাপ্পান্নো হাজার বর্গমাইল [''Fifty-Six Thousand Square Miles''] {{OCLC|60043495}}
* ''Shob Kichu Bhenge Pore'' (1995) সব কিছু ভেঙে পড়ে ISBN 978-984-401-264-6
* ''Manush Hishbe Amar Oporadhshomuho'' (1996) মানুষ হিসেবে আমার অপরাধসমূহ
* ''Jadukorer Mrittu'' (1996) যাদুকরের মৃত্যু
* ''Shuvobroto, Tar Shomporkito Shushomacher'' (1997) শুভব্রত, তার সম্পর্কিত সুসমাচার [''Shuvobroto, and His Gospel'']
* ''Rajnitibidgon'' (1998) রাজনীতিবিদগণ
* ''Kobi Othoba Dondito Aupurush'' (1999) কবি অথবা দন্ডিত অপুরুষ
* ''Nijer Shongge Nijer Jiboner Modhu'' (2000) নিজের সঙ্গে নিজের জীবনের মধু
* ''Fali Fali Ko're Kata Chand'' (2001) ফালি ফালি ক'রে কাটা চাঁদ
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Ak'' (2001) উপন্যাসসংগ্রহ-১ [''Collection of Novels, Vol.1'']
* ''Sraboner Brishtite Roktojoba'' (2002) শ্রাবণের বৃষ্টিতে রক্তজবা
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Dui'' (2002) উপন্যাসসংগ্রহ-২ [''Collection of Novels, Vol.2'']
* ''Dosh Hazar Abong Aro Akti Dhorshon'' (2003) ১০,০০০, এবং আরো একটি ধর্ষণ [''10,000, And ! More Rape''] ISBN 978-984-40-1731-3
* ''Ekti Khuner svapna'' (2004) একটি খুনের স্বপ্ন
* ''[[Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad]]'' (2004) পাক সার জমিন সাদ বাদ [''The Blessed Sacred Land'']

===Criticism===
* ''Rabindraprobondho/Rashtro O Shomajchinta'' (1973) রবীন্দ্র প্রবন্ধ/রাষ্ট্র ও সমাজচিন্তা
* ''Shamsur Rahman/Nishshonggo Sherpa'' (1983) শামসুর রাহমান/নিঃসঙ্গ শেরপা
* ''Shilpokolar Bimanikikoron O Onnanno Probondho'' (1988) শিল্পকলার বিমানবিকীকরণ ও অন্যান্য প্রবন্ধ
* ''Bhasha-Andolon:Shahittik Potobhumi'' (1990) ভাষা-আন্দোলন: সাহিত্যিক পটভূমি
* ''[[Naree]]'' (1992) নারী (গ্রন্থ)|নারী; banned between 19 November 1995 and 7 March 2000
* ''Protikkriashilotar Dirgho Chayar Niche'' (1992) প্রতিক্রিয়াশীলতার দীর্ঘ ছায়ার নিচে
* ''Nibir Nilima'' (1992) নিবিড় নীলিমা
* ''Matal Torony'' (1992) মাতাল তরণী
* ''Norokay Anonto Hritu'' (1992) নরকে অনন্ত ঋতু
* ''Jolpai Ronger Andhokar'' (1992) জলপাই রঙের অন্ধকার
* ''Shimaboddhotar Shutro'' (1993) সীমাবদ্ধতার সূত্র
* ''Adhar O Adhayo'' (1993) আধার ও আধেয়
* ''Amar Abishshash'' (1997) আমার অবিশ্বাস
* ''Parbotto Chattagram: Shobuj Paharer Bhetor Diye Probahito Hingshar Jhornadhara'' (1997) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম: সবুজ পাহাড়ের ভেতর দিয়ে প্রবাহিত হিংসার ঝরনাধারা
* ''Nirbachito Probondho'' (1999) নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ
* ''Mohabishsho'' (2000) মহাবিশ্ব
* ''Ditio Lingo'' (2001) দ্বিতীয় লিঙ্গ; translation of ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]]
* ''Amra Ki Ai Bangladesh Cheyechilam'' (2003) আমরা কি এই বাঙলাদেশ চেয়েছিলাম
* ''Dhormanuvutir Upokotha'' (2004) ধর্মানভূতির উপকথা ও অন্যান্য
* ''Amar Notun Jonmo'' (2005) আমার নতুন জন্ম ISBN 984-401-839-0
* ''Amader Boimela'' (2006) আমাদের বইমেলা

=== Linguistics ===
* ''Pronominalization in Bengali'' (1983)
* ''Bangla Bhashar Shotrumitro'' (1983) বাঙলা ভাষার শত্রুমিত্র
* ''Bakkototto'' (1984) বাক্যতত্ত্ব
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol. 1 (1985) বাঙলা ভাষা – প্রথম খন্ড
* ''Tulonamulok O Oitihashik Bhashabiggan'' (1988) তুলনামূলক ও ঐতিহাসিক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol. 2 (1994) বাঙলা ভাষা – দ্বিতীয় খন্ড
* ''Arthobiggan'' (1999) অর্থবিজ্ঞান

===Teenage literature===
* ''Lal Neel Dipaboli Ba Bangla Shahitter Jiboni'' (1976) লাল নীল দীপাবলি বা বাঙলা সাহিত্যের জীবনী
* ''Fuler Gondhe Ghum Ashena'' (1985) ফুলের গন্ধে ঘুম আসেনা
* ''Koto Nodi Shorobor Ba Bangla Bhashar Jiboni'' (1987) কতো নদী সরোবর বা বাঙলা ভাষার জীবনী ISBN 984-401-017-9
* ''Abbuke Mone Pore'' (1989) আব্বুকে মনে পড়ে ISBN 984-401-555-3
* ''Bukpokete Jonakipoka'' (1993) বুকপকেটে জোনাকিপোকা
* ''Amader Shohoray Akdol Debdut'' (1996) আমাদের শহরে একদল দেবদূত
* ''Andhokaray Gondhoraj'' (2003) অন্ধকারে গন্ধরাজ
* ''Our Beautiful Bangladesh'' (2004)

===Others===
* ''Humayun Azader Probochonguccho'' (1992) হুমায়ুন আজাদের প্রবচনগুচ্ছ
* ''Shakkhatkar'' (1994) সাক্ষাৎকার
* ''Attotayider Shonge Kothopokothon'' (1995) আততায়ীদের সঙ্গে কথোপকথন
* ''Bohumatrik Jotirmoy'' (1997) বহুমাত্রিক জ্যোতির্ময়
* ''Rabindranath Thakurer Prothom Kobita'' (1997) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রধান কবিতা

==See also==
* [[List of converts to Nontheism]]
* [[List of former Muslims]]
* [[Blasphemy law in Bangladesh]]
* [[List of books banned by governments]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azad, Humayun}}
[[Category:Humayun Azad| ]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Atheists targeted by religious hate crime]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi writers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi linguists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi secularists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi atheists]]
[[Category:Bengali literature]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka faculty]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:Recipients of Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi poets]]
[[Category:Feminist writers]]

Humayun Azad

2015-10-06T03:03:39Z

Knowledgebattle:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Humayun Azad
|native_name = হুমায়ুন আজাদ
|native_name_lang = bn
| image = File:Humaun Azad (1947-2004).jpg
| birth_name = Mohammed Humayun Azad
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1947|4|28}}
| birth_place = Rarhi Khal, [[Munshiganj|Munshiganj District]], [[British India]] (now [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|08|12|1947|04|28}}
| death_place = [[Munich]], Germany
| resting_place = Fuller Road, [[Dhaka University]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| occupation = Author, poet, scholar, [[linguists]], critic, columnist
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| ethnicity =
| education = BA ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]) PhD ([[linguistics]])
| alma_mater = [[University of Dhaka]] [[University of Edinburgh]]
| genre = [[Anti-establishment]]
| notableworks = Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe Chappanno Hazar Borgomile
| spouse = Latifa Kohinoor
| children = 3
| influenced = [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Gustave Flaubert]]
| awards = [[Bangla Academy Award]] [[Ekushey Padak]]
}}

'''Humayun Azad''' ({{lang-bn|{{Audio|En-us-Humayun Azad from Bangladesh pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg|হুমায়ূন আজাদ}}}}; 28 April 1947{{snd}}12 August 2004) was a Bangladeshi author, poet, scholar and linguist. He wrote more than seventy titles. In 2012, the [[Government of Bangladesh]] honoured him with [[Ekushey Padak]] posthumously.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 February 2012|title=15 personalities receive Ekushey Padak|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2012/02/20/15-personalities-receive-ekushey-padak|newspaper=bdnews24.com|access-date=20 February 2012}}</ref>

==Professional and literary life==
{{unsourced|section|date=September 2015}}
Azad was born in the village of Rarhikhal, [[Munshiganj]] district. He earned BA degree in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language and literature from [[University of Dhaka]]. He obtained his PhD in [[linguistics]] from the [[University of Edinburgh]] in 1976. He later served as a faculty member of the department of Bengali language and literature at the [[University of Dhaka]]. His early career produced works on Bengali linguistics, notably [[syntax]]. He is regarded as a leading linguist of the Bengali language.

Towards the end of the 1980s, he started to write newspaper column focusing on contemporary socio-political issues. His commentaries continued throughout the 1990s and were later published as books as they grew in numbers. Through his writings of the 1990s, he established himself as a freethinker and appeared to be an agnostic. In his works, he openly criticised [[religious extremism]], as well as Islam, the major religion in Bangladesh.

In 1992 Azad published the first comprehensive feminist book in Bengali titled ''Naari'' (''Woman''). Largely akin to ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]] in contents and ideas, ''Naari'' became a best-seller{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} and earned Azad popularity as an author. In this work Azad painstakingly compiled the feminist ideas of the West that underlie the feminist contributions of the subcontinent's socio-political reformers and drew attention to the anti-women attitude of some acclaimed [[Bengali writers]] including [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. The work, critical of the patriarchal and male-chauvinistic attitude of religion towards women, attracted negative reaction from the conservatives. The [[Government of Bangladesh]] banned the book in 1995. The ban was eventually lifted in 2000, following a legal battle that Azad won in the High Court of the country.

==Assassination attempt==
Azad had been fearing for his life ever since excerpts of his new novel, ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' (Pakistan's national anthem; ''Blessed be the Sacred Land'') was first published in ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'''s Eid supplement in 2003. In that write-up, he tried to expose the politics and ideology of Islamic fundamentalists of [[Bangladesh]]. After that book had been published, he started receiving various threats from the fundamentalists. In an email to Mukto-mona, an independent website, where he was then a member, Azad wrote:

{{quote|text=The Ittefaq published a novel by me named ''[[Pak Sar Jamin Saad Baad]]'' in its Eid issue in December 3. It deals with the condition of Bangladesh for the last two years. Now the (religious) fundamentalists are bringing out regular processions against me, demanding exemplary punishment. The attached two files with this letter will help you understand.<ref name=truncated>{{cite news |last1=Zaman |first1=Mustafa |last2=Hussain |first2=Ahmede |date=1 September 2004 |title=A Truncated Life |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=18 September 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040907033325/http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/09/01/cover.htm |archivedate=1 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mukto-mona.com/bangla_blog/?p=2121 |script-title=মুক্তমনা সম্পাদকের স্মৃতিতে হুমায়ুন আজাদ] |trans-title=Humayun Azad Remembrance |date=13 August 2009 |website=Mukto-mona |type=Blog}}</ref>|sign=Humayun Azad}}

On 27 February 2004, he became the victim of a vicious assassination attempt by assailants near the campus of the [[University of Dhaka]] during the annual [[Bangla Academy]] book fair. A week prior to Azad's assault, [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]], one of the renowned religious leaders of Bangladesh demanded, in the parliament, that Azad's political satire ''Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad'' would be banned and demanded the introduction of the Blasphemy Act on the author.<ref name=truncated/>

In 2006, the commander of [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh|Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)]] admitted to the [[Rapid Action Battalion|RAB]] interrogators that his operatives carried out the attacks on writer Azad and another faculty member of [[Rajshahi University]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=JMB also killed writer of Tangail |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/06/05/d6060501128.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> The official position of Azad's attempt of assassination is still unidentified.

==Death==
On 12 August 2004, Azad was found dead in his apartment in [[Munich]], Germany, where he had arrived a week earlier to conduct research on the nineteenth century German romantic poet [[Heinrich Heine]], several months after the Islamists' machete attack on him at a book fair, which had left him grievously injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=Humayun Azad found dead in Munich|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/08/14/d4081401011.htm|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=14 August 2004 |accessdate=8 August 2015}}</ref> His family demanded an investigation, alleging that the extremists who had attempted the earlier assassination had a role in this death.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2009|title=Proper probe into death of Humayun Azad demanded|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=101061|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> He was buried in Rarhikhal, his village home in Bangladesh.

===Awards===
Azad has received numerous awards; mainly for his all literature works.
* ''[[Bangla Academy Award]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Ekushey Padak]]'' (2012)

==Bibliography==

===Poetry===
* ''Aloukik Ishtimar'' (1973) অলৌকিক ইষ্টিমার
* ''Jolo Chitabagh'' (1980) জ্বলো চিতাবাঘ
* ''Shob Kichu Noshtoder Odhikare Jabe'' (1985) সব কিছু নষ্টদের অধিকারে যাবে
* ''Jotoi Gobhire Jai Modhu Jotoi Uporay Jai Neel'' (1987) যতোই গভীরে যাই মধু যতোই ওপরে যাই নীল
* ''Ami Bachay Chilam Onnoder Shomoy'' (1990) আমি বেঁচেছিলাম অন্যদের সময়ে
* ''Humayun Azader Shreshtho Kobita'' (1993) হুমায়ূন আজাদের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা
* ''Adhunik Bangla Kobita'' (1994) আধুনিক বাঙলা কবিতা
* ''Kafone Mora Osrubindu'' (1998) কাফনে মোড়া অশ্রুবিন্দু
* ''Kabya Shonggroho'' (1998) কাব্য সংগ্রহ
* ''Peronor Kichhu Nei'' (2004) পেরোনোর কিছু নেই

===Fictions===
* ''Chappanno Hazar Borgomile'' (1994) ছাপ্পান্নো হাজার বর্গমাইল [''Fifty-Six Thousand Square Miles''] {{OCLC|60043495}}
* ''Shob Kichu Bhenge Pore'' (1995) সব কিছু ভেঙে পড়ে ISBN 978-984-401-264-6
* ''Manush Hishbe Amar Oporadhshomuho'' (1996) মানুষ হিসেবে আমার অপরাধসমূহ
* ''Jadukorer Mrittu'' (1996) যাদুকরের মৃত্যু
* ''Shuvobroto, Tar Shomporkito Shushomacher'' (1997) শুভব্রত, তার সম্পর্কিত সুসমাচার [''Shuvobroto, and His Gospel'']
* ''Rajnitibidgon'' (1998) রাজনীতিবিদগণ
* ''Kobi Othoba Dondito Aupurush'' (1999) কবি অথবা দন্ডিত অপুরুষ
* ''Nijer Shongge Nijer Jiboner Modhu'' (2000) নিজের সঙ্গে নিজের জীবনের মধু
* ''Fali Fali Ko're Kata Chand'' (2001) ফালি ফালি ক'রে কাটা চাঁদ
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Ak'' (2001) উপন্যাসসংগ্রহ-১ [''Collection of Novels, Vol.1'']
* ''Sraboner Brishtite Roktojoba'' (2002) শ্রাবণের বৃষ্টিতে রক্তজবা
* ''Uponnashshonggroho-Dui'' (2002) উপন্যাসসংগ্রহ-২ [''Collection of Novels, Vol.2'']
* ''Dosh Hazar Abong Aro Akti Dhorshon'' (2003) ১০,০০০, এবং আরো একটি ধর্ষণ [''10,000, And ! More Rape''] ISBN 978-984-40-1731-3
* ''Ekti Khuner svapna'' (2004) একটি খুনের স্বপ্ন
* ''[[Pak Sar Jamin Sad Bad]]'' (2004) পাক সার জমিন সাদ বাদ [''The Blessed Sacred Land'']

===Criticism===
* ''Rabindraprobondho/Rashtro O Shomajchinta'' (1973) রবীন্দ্র প্রবন্ধ/রাষ্ট্র ও সমাজচিন্তা
* ''Shamsur Rahman/Nishshonggo Sherpa'' (1983) শামসুর রাহমান/নিঃসঙ্গ শেরপা
* ''Shilpokolar Bimanikikoron O Onnanno Probondho'' (1988) শিল্পকলার বিমানবিকীকরণ ও অন্যান্য প্রবন্ধ
* ''Bhasha-Andolon:Shahittik Potobhumi'' (1990) ভাষা-আন্দোলন: সাহিত্যিক পটভূমি
* ''[[Naree]]'' (1992) নারী (গ্রন্থ)|নারী; banned between 19 November 1995 and 7 March 2000
* ''Protikkriashilotar Dirgho Chayar Niche'' (1992) প্রতিক্রিয়াশীলতার দীর্ঘ ছায়ার নিচে
* ''Nibir Nilima'' (1992) নিবিড় নীলিমা
* ''Matal Torony'' (1992) মাতাল তরণী
* ''Norokay Anonto Hritu'' (1992) নরকে অনন্ত ঋতু
* ''Jolpai Ronger Andhokar'' (1992) জলপাই রঙের অন্ধকার
* ''Shimaboddhotar Shutro'' (1993) সীমাবদ্ধতার সূত্র
* ''Adhar O Adhayo'' (1993) আধার ও আধেয়
* ''Amar Abishshash'' (1997) আমার অবিশ্বাস
* ''Parbotto Chattagram: Shobuj Paharer Bhetor Diye Probahito Hingshar Jhornadhara'' (1997) পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম: সবুজ পাহাড়ের ভেতর দিয়ে প্রবাহিত হিংসার ঝরনাধারা
* ''Nirbachito Probondho'' (1999) নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ
* ''Mohabishsho'' (2000) মহাবিশ্ব
* ''Ditio Lingo'' (2001) দ্বিতীয় লিঙ্গ; translation of ''[[The Second Sex]]'' by [[Simone de Beauvoir]]
* ''Amra Ki Ai Bangladesh Cheyechilam'' (2003) আমরা কি এই বাঙলাদেশ চেয়েছিলাম
* ''Dhormanuvutir Upokotha'' (2004) ধর্মানভূতির উপকথা ও অন্যান্য
* ''Amar Notun Jonmo'' (2005) আমার নতুন জন্ম ISBN 984-401-839-0
* ''Amader Boimela'' (2006) আমাদের বইমেলা

=== Linguistics ===
* ''Pronominalization in Bengali'' (1983)
* ''Bangla Bhashar Shotrumitro'' (1983) বাঙলা ভাষার শত্রুমিত্র
* ''Bakkototto'' (1984) বাক্যতত্ত্ব
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol. 1 (1985) বাঙলা ভাষা – প্রথম খন্ড
* ''Tulonamulok O Oitihashik Bhashabiggan'' (1988) তুলনামূলক ও ঐতিহাসিক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান
* ''Bangla Bhasha'' Vol. 2 (1994) বাঙলা ভাষা – দ্বিতীয় খন্ড
* ''Arthobiggan'' (1999) অর্থবিজ্ঞান

===Teenage literature===
* ''Lal Neel Dipaboli Ba Bangla Shahitter Jiboni'' (1976) লাল নীল দীপাবলি বা বাঙলা সাহিত্যের জীবনী
* ''Fuler Gondhe Ghum Ashena'' (1985) ফুলের গন্ধে ঘুম আসেনা
* ''Koto Nodi Shorobor Ba Bangla Bhashar Jiboni'' (1987) কতো নদী সরোবর বা বাঙলা ভাষার জীবনী ISBN 984-401-017-9
* ''Abbuke Mone Pore'' (1989) আব্বুকে মনে পড়ে ISBN 984-401-555-3
* ''Bukpokete Jonakipoka'' (1993) বুকপকেটে জোনাকিপোকা
* ''Amader Shohoray Akdol Debdut'' (1996) আমাদের শহরে একদল দেবদূত
* ''Andhokaray Gondhoraj'' (2003) অন্ধকারে গন্ধরাজ
* ''Our Beautiful Bangladesh'' (2004)

===Others===
* ''Humayun Azader Probochonguccho'' (1992) হুমায়ুন আজাদের প্রবচনগুচ্ছ
* ''Shakkhatkar'' (1994) সাক্ষাৎকার
* ''Attotayider Shonge Kothopokothon'' (1995) আততায়ীদের সঙ্গে কথোপকথন
* ''Bohumatrik Jotirmoy'' (1997) বহুমাত্রিক জ্যোতির্ময়
* ''Rabindranath Thakurer Prothom Kobita'' (1997) রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রধান কবিতা

==See also==
* [[List of converts to Nontheism]]
* [[List of former Muslims]]
* [[Blasphemy law in Bangladesh]]
* [[List of books banned by governments]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azad, Humayun}}
[[Category:Humayun Azad| ]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Atheists targeted by hate crime]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi writers]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi linguists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi secularists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi atheists]]
[[Category:Bengali literature]]
[[Category:Bengali poetry]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka faculty]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:Recipients of Bangla Academy Award]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi poets]]
[[Category:Feminist writers]]

Matt Dillahunty

2015-08-07T15:01:31Z

Knowledgebattle: /* Speaking and debates */

{{Infobox person
|name = Matt Dillahunty
|image = Matt Dillahunty SashaCon.jpg
|caption = Matt Dillahunty, speaking at the University of Missouri in 2014
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|03|31}} 
|birth_place = [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]]
|other_names =
|known_for = [[Atheism]] and [[secular]] activism
|occupation =
|spouse = [[Beth Presswood]]
|nationality = [[Americans|American]]
{{infobox military person|embed=yes|
|branch = [[File:United States Department of the Navy Seal.svg|20px|United States Navy seal]] [[United States Navy]]
|serviceyears = 1987–1995<ref name=flynn/>
}}
}}

'''Matt Dillahunty''' (born March 31, 1969) is an American public speaker and internet personality, and was the president of the Atheist Community of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] from 2006 to 2013.<ref>{{citation|title=ACA Lecture Series: Matt Dillahunty — Reflections on a "lifetime" as ACA President|date=May 12, 2013|quote=Matt has been the President of ACA for many years and is stepping down.|publisher=Atheist Community of Austin|url=http://www.atheist-community.org/lectures/speakers.php?id=118|accessdate=2013-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.twitch.tv/mattdillahunty | title=MattDillahunty - Twitch | accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Matt Dillahunty|url=http://www.texassecularconvention.org/80-matt-dillahunty|website=http://www.texassecularconvention.org/|publisher=Texas Secular Convention|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref> He has hosted the Austin-based webcast and cable-access television show ''[[The Atheist Experience]]'' since c. 2005,<ref name=TWCN>{{citation|title=Public-Access TV Fights for Relevance in the YouTube Age | author=Mike Rosen-Molina | date=December 17, 2008 | publisher=[[PBS]]|url=http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/12/public-access-tv-fights-for-relevance-in-the-youtube-age352}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title="You Piece of S**t!": Atheist TV Hosts Hang Up on "Christian" Caller After Fiery Exchange Over God & Child Rape|work=[[TheBlaze]]|date=January 9, 2013|author=Billy Hallowell|url=http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/01/09/you-piece-of-st-atheist-tv-hosts-hang-up-on-christian-caller-after-fiery-exchange-over-god-child-rape/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Research Shows Christian Population in Decline | first=John |last=Salazar |type=television newscast|date=May 18, 2015|work=[[Time Warner Cable News]]|location=San Antonio, Texas|url=http://www.twcnews.com/tx/san-antonio/news/2015/05/18/research-shows-christian-population-in-decline.html}}</ref> and formerly hosted the live internet radio show ''Non-Prophets Radio''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.secularstudents.org/mattdillahunty |title=Matt Dillahunty |author=Lyz |date=February 22, 2010 |work= |publisher=[[Secular Student Alliance]] |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Lloyd|title=On Atheism|journal=The Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges|date=2012|volume=18|issue=1|page=23|url=http://www.aaanet.org/sections/sacc/content/uploads/2012/04/TASN-1814.1-final-final.pdf#page=23|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref> He is also the founder and contributor of the counter-[[apologetics]] encyclopedia ''Iron Chariots'' and its subsidiary sites.<ref>{{citation|title=User:Sans Deity|publisher=Iron Chariots - the counter-apologetics wiki.|author=Matt Dillahunty (username Sans Deity)|url=http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php?title=Matt_Dillahunty}}</ref>

He is regularly engaged in formal debates and travels the United States speaking to local secular organizations and university groups as part of the [[Secular Student Alliance]]'s Speakers Bureau.<ref>[http://secularstudents.org/2012con/speakers#Matt 2012 Conference Speakers!, [[Secular Student Alliance]], Retrieved 2012-07-12]</ref> Alongside fellow activists Seth Andrews and Aron Ra, he traveled to Australia in March, 2015 as a member of the Unholy Trinity Tour.<ref>{{citation|title=Pub talk with an atheist and an Anglican|author=Sophie Timothy|work=Eternity News|date=22 March 2015|publisher=[[Bible Society Australia]]|url=http://www.biblesociety.org.au/news/pub-talk-with-an-atheist-and-an-anglican}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Unholy Trinity Down Under Tour|publisher=Atheist Foundation of Australia|date=September 10, 2014|url=http://atheistfoundation.org.au/2014/09/10/the-unholy-trinity-down-under-tour/}}</ref> In April, 2015 he was an invited speaker at the [[Merseyside Skeptics Society]] QEDCon in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{citation|title=The Mancunian Way|work=Butterflies and Wheels|editor=[[Ophelia Benson]]|author=Al Lee|date=April 27, 2015|url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/butterfliesandwheels/2015/04/guest-post-the-mancunian-way/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|work=[[Lanyrd]]|title=Panel: Daring to Disagree, A session at QED 2015|url=http://lanyrd.com/2015/qedcon/sdktdm/}}</ref>

==Biography==
Raised [[Southern Baptist]], Dillahunty sought to become a [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]].<ref name=flynn>{{cite news |title=Preaching his own gospel of atheism |author=Eileen E. Flynn |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AASB&p_theme=aasb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=117F829CB4CBAFA0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |newspaper=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |date=March 18, 2007 |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref> His religious studies, instead of bolstering his faith as he intended, led him to no longer believe in Christianity and, eventually, all religions.<ref name=bio>[http://www.atheist-experience.com/people/matt_dillahunty/ Atheist Experience: Matt Dillahunty]</ref> Dillahunty spent eight years in the US Navy,<ref name=flynn/><ref name=TWCN/> before leaving to work in the field of computer software design. In 2011, he married ''The Atheist Experience'' colleague and co-host of the ''[[Godless Bitches]]'' podcast [[Beth Presswood]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Beth Presswood|url=http://reasonnc.com/beth-presswood/|website=Reason Con 2015|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref>

{{anchor|My Week in Atheism}}
Dillahunty is one of the subjects of the 2014 [[documentary film]] ''My Week in Atheism'' by director John Christy.<ref name=Charisma>{{citation|first=Melanie|last=Korb|title=Christian, Atheist Display Complicated Friendship in New Documentary|journal=[[Charisma (magazine)|Charisma]]|date=February 20, 2014|url=http://www.charismanews.com/culture/42871-christian-atheist-display-complicated-friendship-in-new-documentary}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Christian Filmmaker, Atheist Activist Release Their New Film 'My Week in Atheism'|author= Anugrah Kumar|date=February 18, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Christian Post]]|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/christian-filmmaker-atheist-activist-release-their-new-film-my-week-in-atheism---114739/}}</ref>

==Speaking and debates==
[[File:Matt Dillahunty2.jpg|thumb|Matt Dillahunty, speaking at the American Atheists Convention 2011]]
Dillahunty has spoken at atheist and freethought conferences around the country and debated numerous Christian apologists, including [[Ray Comfort]] (on ''The Atheist Experience'') and with [[David Robertson (Free Church Minister)|David Robertson]] on [[Premier Christian Radio]]'s ''Unbelievable''.<ref name=Robertson/> At the 2014 American Atheists Convention in Salt Lake City, he gave a workshop that outlined some key ideas in effective debating: "Take the opponent seriously: 'The audience has to sense that I can perfectly understand their views, and have rejected them.' Use logic: 'I tell them that I can write a better book than the Bible. Simple: I copy it word for word, except the parts about slavery.' And don't forget emotion: 'It is theater. That is my advantage with a Baptist background over someone like [[Richard Dawkins]], although he knows more about science.'"<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/archief/article/detail/3683060/2014/07/03/Onder-ongelovigen.dhtml |title=Onder ongelovigen |author=Bas den Hond |work=[[Trouw]] |publisher=[[De Persgroep]] |date=3 June 2014 |accessdate=3 June 2014|language=nl}}</ref> He has also stated that he is willing to say "I don't know" in a debate, a "scary concept" to some of his audience.<ref>{{citation|first=Heather|last=Adams|date=March 17, 2014|publisher=[[KBIA|KBIA mid-Missouri public radio]]|url=http://kbia.org/post/mu-skeptics-group-brings-big-name-atheists-campus|title=MU skeptics group brings big-name atheists to campus}}</ref>

In contrast to such people as [[Ray Comfort]] who have stated that they will never debate again, Dillahunty rejects the idea that debates are a waste of time: "I am absolutely convinced from my experience and the evidence that I've gathered over the years of doing this that they are incredibly valuable."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyBSKZ3BpQI |title=Matt Dillahunty - The Value of Debates |date=June 28, 2014}}</ref>

==Views on morality==
One of Dillahunty's recurring themes has been the superiority of [[Secular ethics|secular morality]] over [[Morality and religion|non-secular morality]]. His key contentions on the issue are that secular moral systems are inclusive, dynamic, encourage change, and serve the interests of the participants, whereas non-secular moral systems only serve the interests of an external authority.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blip.tv/the-atheist-experience-tv-show/matt-dillahunty-the-superiority-of-secular-morality-4192742 |title=Matt Dillahunty: The Superiority of Secular Morality |date=September 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Collin Boots | title=The superiority of secular morality: Why do we think religion is required for morality when godless morality may well serve us better?|newspaper=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]]|date=April 30, 2014 | url=http://www.thedp.com/article/2014/04/secular-morality}}</ref> He touched on the subject again at a lecture at the 2013 American Atheists Convention in Austin: "They say we're immoral, when we're the only ones who understand that morality is derived from empathy, fairness, cooperation, and the physical facts about interacting in this universe. They've broken their moral compass and sacrificed their humanity on the altar of religion. They say we're lost and broken and in need of salvation, when we're the ones who are free."<ref name="youtube.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EDoEzOymkk |title=AACON 2013 Matt Dillahunty speaks on Skepticism and Atheism |date=March 31, 2013}}</ref> Dillahunty holds the view that advocating infinite reward or punishment for finite deeds is "morally inferior".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dyken|first1=J. J.|title=The Divine Default: Why Faith is Not the Answer|date=2013|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=9781628940084|page=94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1FP8NZezPgC&pg=PA94}}</ref>

==Advocacy of abortion rights==
Dillahunty has become an outspoken advocate of [[reproductive rights|abortion rights]]. After hearing that [[Secular Pro-Life]] set up a table at the 2012 [[American Atheists]] convention, Dillahunty challenged a representative of the organization to a public debate on the issue. The debate took place at the 2012 Texas Freethought Convention, with Dillahunty debating Kristine Kruszelnicki. Dillahunty used [[Bodily integrity|bodily autonomy]] as his primary argument for abortion rights, which is based on [[Judith Jarvis Thompson]]'s [[A Defense of Abortion|essay on the subject]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P78_V1Z9CO4 |title=Abortion Debate at Texas Freethought Convention, Matt Dillahunty vs. Kristine Kruszelnicki |date=October 22, 2012}}</ref> In March 2014, Dillahunty debated Clinton Wilcox, who is not a member of Secular Pro-Life, though the debate was advertised on their blog. The aftermath led to a falling out with the organization, and he announced in a Facebook post that he would not debate them in public again.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/matt-dillahunty/debates-delusions-and-dishonesty-why-i-have-no-respect-for-kelsey-hazzard-and-sp/10152770027383902 |title=Debates, Delusions and Dishonesty - Why I have no respect for Kelsey Hazzard and SPL |date=April 3, 2014}}</ref> He and Beth Presswood later appeared on [[Amanda Marcotte]]'s podcast ''RH Reality Check'' to explain the events of the preceding years, and said that "the optics of a [[cisgender|cis male]] without a womb" debating women's rights is not what he wanted to advocate, and would let others take the lead in public on the issue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rhrealitycheck.org/reality-cast/2014/04/14/secular-anti-choicers-and-vance-mcallister/ |title=Is Secular Anti-Choice a Thing? And How Big a Hypocrite Is Rep. Vance McAllister? |date=April 14, 2014}}</ref>

==Skepticism==
[[File:QEDCon Day One-39 (16682468904).jpg|thumb|Dillahunty at QED 2015, a [[list of skeptical conferences|skeptical conference]] in [[Manchester]].]]
Advocacy of the primacy of [[Scientific skepticism|skepticism]] is another of Dillahunty's recurring themes. He said at the American Atheists convention in Austin in 2013 that the closest thing he has to a motto is "to believe as many true things and as few false things as possible," taking his inspiration from [[David Hume]]. In the same lecture, he said that being a skeptic is the most important identifier of who he is. In addition, Dillahunty said that skepticism has something to say about untested religious claims, and that philosophical skepticism will lead to atheism.<ref name="youtube.com"/>
While he respects that skepticism and atheism are two separate social movements, he sees atheism as a subset of skepticism. He doesn't see why skepticism should not address religious claims, something that has become a point of controversy in the skeptic community. Dillahunty rhetorically asked, "how popular would psychics be, how popular would ghosts be, if there wasn't this monolithic idea that 70-80% of the population believe, that within each of us is an eternal soul that leaves the body when we're dead and either goes on to some afterlife or lingers around here on the earth?...If you teach people about what we know, about what most likely happens when we die, they will strive to treat people better while they're alive, and their grief will be lessened because they understand reality." He admonished "don't just do skepticism with the goal of getting it right, do it with the goal of not being able to get it wrong." In an interview published by the [[Norwegian Humanist Association]], he said he doesn't see why religious claims about reality should be treated any differently by skeptics than conspiracy theories and allegations about [[alien visitation]].<ref>{{citation|title=Tåpelig av skeptikere å frede religion—Matt Dillahunty har omvendt mange amerikanere til ateisme. Men han er først og fremst skeptiker, og ser på ateisme er en nødvendig konsekvens.|work=Fritanke.no|trans_title="It is foolish for skeptics to spare religion": Matt Dillahunty has converted many Americans to atheism. But he is first and foremost a skeptic, and sees atheism is a necessary consequence.|publisher=[[Norwegian Humanist Association]]|date=October 9, 2014|language=Norwegian|url=http://fritanke.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=9552|accessdate=2015-01-05}}</ref>

===Gumball analogy===
Dillahunty's explanation of the [[philosophical burden of proof]] is presented in his gumball analogy. For a hypothetical jar filled with an infinite number of gumballs, any positive claim about whether there were an odd or even number of gumballs would be dubious without further supporting evidence.<ref name=Burden>{{cite book|author1=Armin Navabi|editor1-last=Hise|editor1-first=Nicki|title=Why There Is No God|date=6 October 2014|publisher=Atheist Republic|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qW2-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=%22matt+dillahunty%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5F88VezpCsqggwT49ICQAg&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22matt%20dillahunty%22&f=false|accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref> He also uses this analogy to demonstrate that the non-acceptance of one part of a true dichotomy does not necessarily indicate the acceptance of the contrary. That is to say if a person is not convinced that the number of gumballs in the jar is even, that doesn't mean they think that it's odd. He also regularly uses a courtroom analogy to make this point.

==Awards==
In 2011, Dillahunty was awarded the Atheist of the Year award, nicknamed the "Hitchie" for [[Christopher Hitchens]], by Staks Rosch writing for [[Examiner.com]].<ref>{{citation|title=Ex-evangelista recebe o prêmio de “ateu do ano”|trans_title=Ex-evangelist receives the Atheist of the Year award|work=Gospel Prime|language=Portuguese|url=http://noticias.gospelprime.com.br/ex-evangelista-recebe-o-premio-de-ateu-do-ano/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|first=Staks|last=Rosch|title=The 2011 Hitchie Award winner is… | publisher=[[Examiner.com]] | work= Atheism Examiner| date=January 5, 2012|}}</ref> The award process, in which Rosch's readers voted for nominees he selected, was criticized by [[Greta Christina]] and [[Ophelia Benson]] for not including any women nominees.<ref>{{citation|title=What Makes a Great Atheist?|date=January 5, 2012 |first=Leah |last=Libresco | work=[[Patheos]] Catholic channel | url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/unequallyyoked/2012/01/what-makes-a-great-atheist.html}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tokenism Is Not Inclusivity|first=Greta |last=Christina|authorlink=Greta Christina|work=Greta Christina's blog|publisher=freethoughtblogs.com|date=January 5, 2012|url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/greta/2012/01/05/tokenism-is-not-inclusivity/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Token women|work=Butterflies and Wheels (blog)|first=Ophelia |last=Benson|authorlink=Ophelia Benson|date=January 5, 2012|publisher=freethoughtblogs.com|url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/butterfliesandwheels/2012/01/token-women/}}</ref>

He received the 2012 Catherine Fahringer Freethinker of the Year Award from the Freethinkers Association of Central Texas.<ref>{{citation|title=Freethinkers of Central Texas honors Matt Dillahunty | date=November 14, 2012|publisher=Atheist Community of Austin|url=http://www.atheist-community.org/news/news.php?id=139}}</ref>

==Reception==
He has received note in Christian publications ''[[Charisma (magazine)|Charisma]]'' and ''[[Christian Today]]'', and from the pro-[[intelligent design]] [[Discovery Institute]], for his activism.<ref name=Charisma/><ref>{{citation|title=Is Intelligent Design a Circular Argument? A Conversation with Atheist Activist Matt Dillahunty|author=Jonathan M. |work=Evolution News and Views|publisher=[[Discovery Institute]]'s [[Center for Science and Culture]]|location=[[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]]|date=September 11, 2014|url=http://www.evolutionnews.org/2014/09/is_intelligent_2089731.html}}</ref><ref name=Robertson>{{citation|journal=[[Christian Today]]|title=Should Christians be nice in dealing with nasty atheists?|first=David |last=Robertson |date=11 March 2014|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/should.christians.be.nice.in.dealing.with.nasty.atheists/36162.htm}}</ref> He was described by [[David Robertson (Free Church Minister)|David Robertson]] in ''[[Christian Today]]'' as one of the representatives of "[[New Atheism|New Atheist]] Fundamentalism".<ref name=Robertson/>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{collist|2|
* {{Twitter|matt_dillahunty|Matt Dillahunty}}
* {{Facebook|pages/Matt-Dillahunty/355438852599|Matt Dillahunty}}
* {{YouTube|u=SansDeity|title= Matt Dillahunty}}
* {{IMDB name|5844231}}
* {{Twitch|mattdillahunty}}
* [http://www.atheist-experience.com/ ''The Atheist Experience'']
* {{YouTube|u=TheAtheistExperience|title= ''The Atheist Experience'' |link=no}}
* [http://ironchariots.org ''Iron Chariots'']
}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Dillahunty, Matt
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American activist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 March 1969
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dillahunty, Matt}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:American skeptics]]
[[Category:Atheism activists]]
[[Category:Atheist Community of Austin people]]
[[Category:American pro-choice activists]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Former Baptists]]
[[Category:People from Austin, Texas]]

Matt Dillahunty

2015-08-07T15:00:13Z

Knowledgebattle: More appropriate placing.

{{Infobox person
|name = Matt Dillahunty
|image = Matt Dillahunty SashaCon.jpg
|caption = Matt Dillahunty, speaking at the University of Missouri in 2014
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|03|31}} 
|birth_place = [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]]
|other_names =
|known_for = [[Atheism]] and [[secular]] activism
|occupation =
|spouse = [[Beth Presswood]]
|nationality = [[Americans|American]]
{{infobox military person|embed=yes|
|branch = [[File:United States Department of the Navy Seal.svg|20px|United States Navy seal]] [[United States Navy]]
|serviceyears = 1987–1995<ref name=flynn/>
}}
}}

'''Matt Dillahunty''' (born March 31, 1969) is an American public speaker and internet personality, and was the president of the Atheist Community of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] from 2006 to 2013.<ref>{{citation|title=ACA Lecture Series: Matt Dillahunty — Reflections on a "lifetime" as ACA President|date=May 12, 2013|quote=Matt has been the President of ACA for many years and is stepping down.|publisher=Atheist Community of Austin|url=http://www.atheist-community.org/lectures/speakers.php?id=118|accessdate=2013-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.twitch.tv/mattdillahunty | title=MattDillahunty - Twitch | accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Matt Dillahunty|url=http://www.texassecularconvention.org/80-matt-dillahunty|website=http://www.texassecularconvention.org/|publisher=Texas Secular Convention|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref> He has hosted the Austin-based webcast and cable-access television show ''[[The Atheist Experience]]'' since c. 2005,<ref name=TWCN>{{citation|title=Public-Access TV Fights for Relevance in the YouTube Age | author=Mike Rosen-Molina | date=December 17, 2008 | publisher=[[PBS]]|url=http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/12/public-access-tv-fights-for-relevance-in-the-youtube-age352}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title="You Piece of S**t!": Atheist TV Hosts Hang Up on "Christian" Caller After Fiery Exchange Over God & Child Rape|work=[[TheBlaze]]|date=January 9, 2013|author=Billy Hallowell|url=http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/01/09/you-piece-of-st-atheist-tv-hosts-hang-up-on-christian-caller-after-fiery-exchange-over-god-child-rape/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Research Shows Christian Population in Decline | first=John |last=Salazar |type=television newscast|date=May 18, 2015|work=[[Time Warner Cable News]]|location=San Antonio, Texas|url=http://www.twcnews.com/tx/san-antonio/news/2015/05/18/research-shows-christian-population-in-decline.html}}</ref> and formerly hosted the live internet radio show ''Non-Prophets Radio''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.secularstudents.org/mattdillahunty |title=Matt Dillahunty |author=Lyz |date=February 22, 2010 |work= |publisher=[[Secular Student Alliance]] |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Lloyd|title=On Atheism|journal=The Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges|date=2012|volume=18|issue=1|page=23|url=http://www.aaanet.org/sections/sacc/content/uploads/2012/04/TASN-1814.1-final-final.pdf#page=23|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref> He is also the founder and contributor of the counter-[[apologetics]] encyclopedia ''Iron Chariots'' and its subsidiary sites.<ref>{{citation|title=User:Sans Deity|publisher=Iron Chariots - the counter-apologetics wiki.|author=Matt Dillahunty (username Sans Deity)|url=http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php?title=Matt_Dillahunty}}</ref>

He is regularly engaged in formal debates and travels the United States speaking to local secular organizations and university groups as part of the [[Secular Student Alliance]]'s Speakers Bureau.<ref>[http://secularstudents.org/2012con/speakers#Matt 2012 Conference Speakers!, [[Secular Student Alliance]], Retrieved 2012-07-12]</ref> Alongside fellow activists Seth Andrews and Aron Ra, he traveled to Australia in March, 2015 as a member of the Unholy Trinity Tour.<ref>{{citation|title=Pub talk with an atheist and an Anglican|author=Sophie Timothy|work=Eternity News|date=22 March 2015|publisher=[[Bible Society Australia]]|url=http://www.biblesociety.org.au/news/pub-talk-with-an-atheist-and-an-anglican}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Unholy Trinity Down Under Tour|publisher=Atheist Foundation of Australia|date=September 10, 2014|url=http://atheistfoundation.org.au/2014/09/10/the-unholy-trinity-down-under-tour/}}</ref> In April, 2015 he was an invited speaker at the [[Merseyside Skeptics Society]] QEDCon in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{citation|title=The Mancunian Way|work=Butterflies and Wheels|editor=[[Ophelia Benson]]|author=Al Lee|date=April 27, 2015|url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/butterfliesandwheels/2015/04/guest-post-the-mancunian-way/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|work=[[Lanyrd]]|title=Panel: Daring to Disagree, A session at QED 2015|url=http://lanyrd.com/2015/qedcon/sdktdm/}}</ref>

==Biography==
Raised [[Southern Baptist]], Dillahunty sought to become a [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]].<ref name=flynn>{{cite news |title=Preaching his own gospel of atheism |author=Eileen E. Flynn |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AASB&p_theme=aasb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=117F829CB4CBAFA0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |newspaper=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |date=March 18, 2007 |accessdate=February 3, 2012}}</ref> His religious studies, instead of bolstering his faith as he intended, led him to no longer believe in Christianity and, eventually, all religions.<ref name=bio>[http://www.atheist-experience.com/people/matt_dillahunty/ Atheist Experience: Matt Dillahunty]</ref> Dillahunty spent eight years in the US Navy,<ref name=flynn/><ref name=TWCN/> before leaving to work in the field of computer software design. In 2011, he married ''The Atheist Experience'' colleague and co-host of the ''[[Godless Bitches]]'' podcast [[Beth Presswood]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Beth Presswood|url=http://reasonnc.com/beth-presswood/|website=Reason Con 2015|accessdate=6 January 2015}}</ref>

{{anchor|My Week in Atheism}}
Dillahunty is one of the subjects of the 2014 [[documentary film]] ''My Week in Atheism'' by director John Christy.<ref name=Charisma>{{citation|first=Melanie|last=Korb|title=Christian, Atheist Display Complicated Friendship in New Documentary|journal=[[Charisma (magazine)|Charisma]]|date=February 20, 2014|url=http://www.charismanews.com/culture/42871-christian-atheist-display-complicated-friendship-in-new-documentary}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Christian Filmmaker, Atheist Activist Release Their New Film 'My Week in Atheism'|author= Anugrah Kumar|date=February 18, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Christian Post]]|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/christian-filmmaker-atheist-activist-release-their-new-film-my-week-in-atheism---114739/}}</ref>

==Speaking and debates==
[[File:Matt Dillahunty2.jpg|thumb|Matt Dillahunty, speaking at the American Atheists Convention 2011]]
Dillahunty has spoken at atheist and freethought conferences around the country and debated numerous Christian apologists, including [[Ray Comfort]] (on ''The Atheist Experience'') and with [[David Robertson (Free Church Minister)|David Robertson]] on [[Premier Christian Radio]]'s ''Unbelievable''.<ref name=Robertson/> At the 2014 American Atheists Convention in Salt Lake City, he gave a workshop that outlined some key ideas in effective debating: "Take the opponent seriously: 'The audience has to sense that I can perfectly understand their views, and have rejected them.' Use logic: 'I tell them that I can write a better book than the Bible. Simple: I copy it word for word, except the parts about slavery.' And don't forget emotion: 'It is theater. That is my advantage with a Baptist background over someone like [[Richard Dawkins]], although he knows more about science.'"<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/archief/article/detail/3683060/2014/07/03/Onder-ongelovigen.dhtml |title=Onder ongelovigen |author=Bas den Hond |work=[[Trouw]] |publisher=[[De Persgroep]] |date=3 June 2014 |accessdate=3 June 2014|language=nl}}</ref> He has also stated that he is willing to say "I don't know" in a debate, a "scary concept" to some of his audience.<ref>{{citation|first=Heather|last=Adams|date=March 17, 2014|publisher=[[KBIA|KBIA mid-Missouri public radio]]|url=http://kbia.org/post/mu-skeptics-group-brings-big-name-atheists-campus|title=MU skeptics group brings big-name atheists to campus}}</ref>

In contrast to such people as Ray Comfort who have stated that they will never debate again, Dillahunty rejects the idea that debates are a waste of time: "I am absolutely convinced from my experience and the evidence that I've gathered over the years of doing this that they are incredibly valuable."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyBSKZ3BpQI |title=Matt Dillahunty - The Value of Debates |date=June 28, 2014}}</ref>

==Views on morality==
One of Dillahunty's recurring themes has been the superiority of [[Secular ethics|secular morality]] over [[Morality and religion|non-secular morality]]. His key contentions on the issue are that secular moral systems are inclusive, dynamic, encourage change, and serve the interests of the participants, whereas non-secular moral systems only serve the interests of an external authority.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blip.tv/the-atheist-experience-tv-show/matt-dillahunty-the-superiority-of-secular-morality-4192742 |title=Matt Dillahunty: The Superiority of Secular Morality |date=September 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Collin Boots | title=The superiority of secular morality: Why do we think religion is required for morality when godless morality may well serve us better?|newspaper=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]]|date=April 30, 2014 | url=http://www.thedp.com/article/2014/04/secular-morality}}</ref> He touched on the subject again at a lecture at the 2013 American Atheists Convention in Austin: "They say we're immoral, when we're the only ones who understand that morality is derived from empathy, fairness, cooperation, and the physical facts about interacting in this universe. They've broken their moral compass and sacrificed their humanity on the altar of religion. They say we're lost and broken and in need of salvation, when we're the ones who are free."<ref name="youtube.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EDoEzOymkk |title=AACON 2013 Matt Dillahunty speaks on Skepticism and Atheism |date=March 31, 2013}}</ref> Dillahunty holds the view that advocating infinite reward or punishment for finite deeds is "morally inferior".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dyken|first1=J. J.|title=The Divine Default: Why Faith is Not the Answer|date=2013|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=9781628940084|page=94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1FP8NZezPgC&pg=PA94}}</ref>

==Advocacy of abortion rights==
Dillahunty has become an outspoken advocate of [[reproductive rights|abortion rights]]. After hearing that [[Secular Pro-Life]] set up a table at the 2012 [[American Atheists]] convention, Dillahunty challenged a representative of the organization to a public debate on the issue. The debate took place at the 2012 Texas Freethought Convention, with Dillahunty debating Kristine Kruszelnicki. Dillahunty used [[Bodily integrity|bodily autonomy]] as his primary argument for abortion rights, which is based on [[Judith Jarvis Thompson]]'s [[A Defense of Abortion|essay on the subject]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P78_V1Z9CO4 |title=Abortion Debate at Texas Freethought Convention, Matt Dillahunty vs. Kristine Kruszelnicki |date=October 22, 2012}}</ref> In March 2014, Dillahunty debated Clinton Wilcox, who is not a member of Secular Pro-Life, though the debate was advertised on their blog. The aftermath led to a falling out with the organization, and he announced in a Facebook post that he would not debate them in public again.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/matt-dillahunty/debates-delusions-and-dishonesty-why-i-have-no-respect-for-kelsey-hazzard-and-sp/10152770027383902 |title=Debates, Delusions and Dishonesty - Why I have no respect for Kelsey Hazzard and SPL |date=April 3, 2014}}</ref> He and Beth Presswood later appeared on [[Amanda Marcotte]]'s podcast ''RH Reality Check'' to explain the events of the preceding years, and said that "the optics of a [[cisgender|cis male]] without a womb" debating women's rights is not what he wanted to advocate, and would let others take the lead in public on the issue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rhrealitycheck.org/reality-cast/2014/04/14/secular-anti-choicers-and-vance-mcallister/ |title=Is Secular Anti-Choice a Thing? And How Big a Hypocrite Is Rep. Vance McAllister? |date=April 14, 2014}}</ref>

==Skepticism==
[[File:QEDCon Day One-39 (16682468904).jpg|thumb|Dillahunty at QED 2015, a [[list of skeptical conferences|skeptical conference]] in [[Manchester]].]]
Advocacy of the primacy of [[Scientific skepticism|skepticism]] is another of Dillahunty's recurring themes. He said at the American Atheists convention in Austin in 2013 that the closest thing he has to a motto is "to believe as many true things and as few false things as possible," taking his inspiration from [[David Hume]]. In the same lecture, he said that being a skeptic is the most important identifier of who he is. In addition, Dillahunty said that skepticism has something to say about untested religious claims, and that philosophical skepticism will lead to atheism.<ref name="youtube.com"/>
While he respects that skepticism and atheism are two separate social movements, he sees atheism as a subset of skepticism. He doesn't see why skepticism should not address religious claims, something that has become a point of controversy in the skeptic community. Dillahunty rhetorically asked, "how popular would psychics be, how popular would ghosts be, if there wasn't this monolithic idea that 70-80% of the population believe, that within each of us is an eternal soul that leaves the body when we're dead and either goes on to some afterlife or lingers around here on the earth?...If you teach people about what we know, about what most likely happens when we die, they will strive to treat people better while they're alive, and their grief will be lessened because they understand reality." He admonished "don't just do skepticism with the goal of getting it right, do it with the goal of not being able to get it wrong." In an interview published by the [[Norwegian Humanist Association]], he said he doesn't see why religious claims about reality should be treated any differently by skeptics than conspiracy theories and allegations about [[alien visitation]].<ref>{{citation|title=Tåpelig av skeptikere å frede religion—Matt Dillahunty har omvendt mange amerikanere til ateisme. Men han er først og fremst skeptiker, og ser på ateisme er en nødvendig konsekvens.|work=Fritanke.no|trans_title="It is foolish for skeptics to spare religion": Matt Dillahunty has converted many Americans to atheism. But he is first and foremost a skeptic, and sees atheism is a necessary consequence.|publisher=[[Norwegian Humanist Association]]|date=October 9, 2014|language=Norwegian|url=http://fritanke.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=9552|accessdate=2015-01-05}}</ref>

===Gumball analogy===
Dillahunty's explanation of the [[philosophical burden of proof]] is presented in his gumball analogy. For a hypothetical jar filled with an infinite number of gumballs, any positive claim about whether there were an odd or even number of gumballs would be dubious without further supporting evidence.<ref name=Burden>{{cite book|author1=Armin Navabi|editor1-last=Hise|editor1-first=Nicki|title=Why There Is No God|date=6 October 2014|publisher=Atheist Republic|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qW2-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=%22matt+dillahunty%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5F88VezpCsqggwT49ICQAg&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22matt%20dillahunty%22&f=false|accessdate=26 April 2015}}</ref> He also uses this analogy to demonstrate that the non-acceptance of one part of a true dichotomy does not necessarily indicate the acceptance of the contrary. That is to say if a person is not convinced that the number of gumballs in the jar is even, that doesn't mean they think that it's odd. He also regularly uses a courtroom analogy to make this point.

==Awards==
In 2011, Dillahunty was awarded the Atheist of the Year award, nicknamed the "Hitchie" for [[Christopher Hitchens]], by Staks Rosch writing for [[Examiner.com]].<ref>{{citation|title=Ex-evangelista recebe o prêmio de “ateu do ano”|trans_title=Ex-evangelist receives the Atheist of the Year award|work=Gospel Prime|language=Portuguese|url=http://noticias.gospelprime.com.br/ex-evangelista-recebe-o-premio-de-ateu-do-ano/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|first=Staks|last=Rosch|title=The 2011 Hitchie Award winner is… | publisher=[[Examiner.com]] | work= Atheism Examiner| date=January 5, 2012|}}</ref> The award process, in which Rosch's readers voted for nominees he selected, was criticized by [[Greta Christina]] and [[Ophelia Benson]] for not including any women nominees.<ref>{{citation|title=What Makes a Great Atheist?|date=January 5, 2012 |first=Leah |last=Libresco | work=[[Patheos]] Catholic channel | url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/unequallyyoked/2012/01/what-makes-a-great-atheist.html}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tokenism Is Not Inclusivity|first=Greta |last=Christina|authorlink=Greta Christina|work=Greta Christina's blog|publisher=freethoughtblogs.com|date=January 5, 2012|url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/greta/2012/01/05/tokenism-is-not-inclusivity/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Token women|work=Butterflies and Wheels (blog)|first=Ophelia |last=Benson|authorlink=Ophelia Benson|date=January 5, 2012|publisher=freethoughtblogs.com|url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/butterfliesandwheels/2012/01/token-women/}}</ref>

He received the 2012 Catherine Fahringer Freethinker of the Year Award from the Freethinkers Association of Central Texas.<ref>{{citation|title=Freethinkers of Central Texas honors Matt Dillahunty | date=November 14, 2012|publisher=Atheist Community of Austin|url=http://www.atheist-community.org/news/news.php?id=139}}</ref>

==Reception==
He has received note in Christian publications ''[[Charisma (magazine)|Charisma]]'' and ''[[Christian Today]]'', and from the pro-[[intelligent design]] [[Discovery Institute]], for his activism.<ref name=Charisma/><ref>{{citation|title=Is Intelligent Design a Circular Argument? A Conversation with Atheist Activist Matt Dillahunty|author=Jonathan M. |work=Evolution News and Views|publisher=[[Discovery Institute]]'s [[Center for Science and Culture]]|location=[[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]]|date=September 11, 2014|url=http://www.evolutionnews.org/2014/09/is_intelligent_2089731.html}}</ref><ref name=Robertson>{{citation|journal=[[Christian Today]]|title=Should Christians be nice in dealing with nasty atheists?|first=David |last=Robertson |date=11 March 2014|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/should.christians.be.nice.in.dealing.with.nasty.atheists/36162.htm}}</ref> He was described by [[David Robertson (Free Church Minister)|David Robertson]] in ''[[Christian Today]]'' as one of the representatives of "[[New Atheism|New Atheist]] Fundamentalism".<ref name=Robertson/>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{collist|2|
* {{Twitter|matt_dillahunty|Matt Dillahunty}}
* {{Facebook|pages/Matt-Dillahunty/355438852599|Matt Dillahunty}}
* {{YouTube|u=SansDeity|title= Matt Dillahunty}}
* {{IMDB name|5844231}}
* {{Twitch|mattdillahunty}}
* [http://www.atheist-experience.com/ ''The Atheist Experience'']
* {{YouTube|u=TheAtheistExperience|title= ''The Atheist Experience'' |link=no}}
* [http://ironchariots.org ''Iron Chariots'']
}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Dillahunty, Matt
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American activist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 March 1969
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dillahunty, Matt}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:American skeptics]]
[[Category:Atheism activists]]
[[Category:Atheist Community of Austin people]]
[[Category:American pro-choice activists]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Former Baptists]]
[[Category:People from Austin, Texas]]

Jin (Name)

2015-05-08T10:58:34Z

Knowledgebattle: /* Origin of Surname Jīn (金) */

{{About|the surname Jin|other uses|Jin (disambiguation)}}
{{ infobox family name
| name = Jin
| image = File:Regular Style CJKV Radical 167 (0).svg
| image_size = 200
| caption =
| mc = Kim
| pronunciation =
| meaning = gold
| region = [[China]]
| language = Chinese
| related names = Gyim Kam Kym [[Kim (Korean name)|Kim]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jin''' is the [[Hanyu pinyin]] transliteration of a number of [[Chinese surname]]s. The most common one, Jīn {{linktext|金}}, literally means "gold" and is 29th<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hundred Families Surnames|url=http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chinesesurname/hundred.html|work=The Origin of Hundred Surnames|publisher=Ronald Eng Young|accessdate=10 June 2012|author=Ronald Eng Young|language=English, Chinese|year=1996–2009}}</ref> in the list of "[[Hundred Family Surnames]]". The name is also used in [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Korea]] (Koreans romanize the name as '''Kim''') and in Hong Kong, where it is written in Cantonese as '''Kam'''. As of 2006, it is ranked the [[List of common Chinese surnames|64th most common Chinese surname]].

The other, less common, surnames that are "Jin" in pinyin include Jin ({{linktext|晉}}/{{linktext|晋}}) and Jin ({{linktext|靳}}).
==金 (Jīn)==

===Mythology===

Jin is an ancient surname, dating back over 4,000 years. It was first mentioned during the period ruled by the [[Yellow Emperor]], a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero, who is considered in [[Chinese mythology]] to be the ancestor of all [[Han Chinese]]. The legend behind the Jin surname is as follows:

<blockquote>The Yellow Emperor's son, Yi Zhi ([[Shaohao]]), eventually succeeded him. On the same day he was installed as leader, a golden [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] flew down and perched on top of a house exactly opposite of where he sat. His followers reckoned it was an auspicious beginning. They decided to use gold as the emblem of their tribe. Yi Zhi was retitled Jin Tian Shi ("golden skies") by his people, and headed the Jin Tian Tribe. Their settlement was located in [[Qufu]] (presently Qufu city in [[Shandong]] province). Yi Zhi died in 2515 BCE. Some of his descendants adopted Jin as their surnames and left off the words Tian Shi ("skies").<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese surname No.29 Jin (gold)|url=http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/browse_thread/thread/c10cca68a6c5f75f/5fff5dde4b83d1c8?lnk=st&q=#5fff5dde4b83d1c8 soc.culture.china|work=Google groups - soc.culture.china|publisher=Google|accessdate=10 June 2012|author=CHUNG Yoon-Ngan|date=13 September 1996}}</ref></blockquote>

The surname also appeared in an area called [[Pengcheng]] (now known as Tong Shan Xian) during the [[Han Dynasty]], from 206[[Common Era|BCE]] to 220BCE.

===Origin of Surname Jīn (金)===
*Jīn Wang Sun (金王孫) was the first husband of [[Empress Wang Zhi]] during the [[Han Dynasty]].
*[[Jin Midi|Jīn Mi Di]] (金日磾) was with the [[Xiongnu]] people during the [[Han Dynasty]] and received the surname Jīn(金) from [[Han Wu Di]]. His father, Xiutu (休屠) was a [[general]]-feudal lord during the [[Xiongnu]] Dynasty. [[Jin Xuan]] (金旋) and [[Jin Yi]] (金禕) were some of his descendants.
* [[Qiang people]] use the surnames Jīn (金), [[Chang (surname)|Chang]] (羌), [[Gong]] (功), and [[Ju (disambiguation)|Ju]]-[[Goo (disambiguation)|Goo]] (俱).
* Some of [[Qian Liu]]'s (錢鏐) descendents received the surname Jīn(金).{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}
* Jin was among the surnames granted to the [[Kaifeng Jews]] by an unnamed [[Song Dynasty]] emperor.
* During the [[Yuan Dynasty]], Chinese [[Liu]] (劉) clan received the surname Jīn (金), Jīn Fu Xiang (金覆祥).
* [[Mongols|Mongolian]] [[Ye (surname)|Ye]](也) clan got surname Jīn (金) at [[Ming Dynasty]]
* [[Taiwanese aborigines]] received surname Jīn (金), [[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]], amongst others, during the [[Qing Dynasty]].
* [[Aisin Gioro]] clan got the surname Jīn (金), as "Aisin" means "gold" in [[Manchu language]], following the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
* Jin uses the same character as the [[Kim (Korean name)|Korean surname, "Kim"]]. Kim is Korea's most common surname and is also widely found amongst the [[ethnic Koreans in China]].{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

===Notables with the surname 金===
* [[Jin Midi]] (金日磾)
* [[Jin Shengtan]] (金聖嘆) (born Jin Renrui 金人瑞)
* [[Jin Yuelin]] (金岳霖)
* [[Jin Di]] (金迪)
* [[Jin Jing]] (金晶)
* [[Jin Fengling]] (金鳳玲)
* [[Jin Jingdao]] (金敬道)
* [[Jin Liqun]] (金立群)
* [[Jin Xing]] (金星)
* [[Jin Li]] (金力)
* [[Jin Renqing]] (金人慶)
* [[Jin Yubo]] (金煜博)
* [[Jin Zhiyang]] (金志扬)
* [[Elaine Jin]] (金燕玲)
* [[Ha Jin]] (born Jin Xuefei 金雪飛)
* [[Jin Yali]] (金娅黎)

===Variants===
*[[Jin (disambiguation)|Gyim]], Kim in [[Middle Chinese]]
*Gam, [[Kam]] in [[Cantonese]]
*[[Jin (disambiguation)|Jin]], [[Chin]] in [[Beijing dialect]]
*[[Kim (surname)|Kim]], [[Ghim]], [[Cam]] in [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]]
*Gim, [[Kim (surname)|Kim]] in Korea

==靳 (Jin)==
According to legend, Jin ({{linktext|靳}}) family name originated from [[Zhu Rong]]. It was later a clan in the [[Chu (state)]]. Originally the name was Jian-Jin (篯), but was later changed to [[Jian]]-[[Qian (surname)|Qian]] (錢) and [[Jin (disambiguation)|Jin]] (靳).

===Notables with the surname 靳===
* [[Yue-Sai Kan]] (靳羽西)

==晉 (Jin)==
Jin ({{linktext|晉}} family name originate from Tang Shu Yu (唐叔虞) the brother of [[King Wu of Zhou]], he founded the [[Jin (Chinese state)|state of Jin]] and his later descendants used the surname Jin (晉).

===Notables with the surname 晉===
* [[Jin Xiaomei]] (晉小梅)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Chinese-language surnames]]

Jin (Name)

2015-05-08T10:57:25Z

Knowledgebattle: /* Origin of Surname Jin (金) */ I said 4th before, but meant 1st. Too late. 1st tone edit. Anyway, more 1st tone edits.

{{About|the surname Jin|other uses|Jin (disambiguation)}}
{{ infobox family name
| name = Jin
| image = File:Regular Style CJKV Radical 167 (0).svg
| image_size = 200
| caption =
| mc = Kim
| pronunciation =
| meaning = gold
| region = [[China]]
| language = Chinese
| related names = Gyim Kam Kym [[Kim (Korean name)|Kim]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jin''' is the [[Hanyu pinyin]] transliteration of a number of [[Chinese surname]]s. The most common one, Jīn {{linktext|金}}, literally means "gold" and is 29th<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hundred Families Surnames|url=http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chinesesurname/hundred.html|work=The Origin of Hundred Surnames|publisher=Ronald Eng Young|accessdate=10 June 2012|author=Ronald Eng Young|language=English, Chinese|year=1996–2009}}</ref> in the list of "[[Hundred Family Surnames]]". The name is also used in [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Korea]] (Koreans romanize the name as '''Kim''') and in Hong Kong, where it is written in Cantonese as '''Kam'''. As of 2006, it is ranked the [[List of common Chinese surnames|64th most common Chinese surname]].

The other, less common, surnames that are "Jin" in pinyin include Jin ({{linktext|晉}}/{{linktext|晋}}) and Jin ({{linktext|靳}}).
==金 (Jīn)==

===Mythology===

Jin is an ancient surname, dating back over 4,000 years. It was first mentioned during the period ruled by the [[Yellow Emperor]], a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero, who is considered in [[Chinese mythology]] to be the ancestor of all [[Han Chinese]]. The legend behind the Jin surname is as follows:

<blockquote>The Yellow Emperor's son, Yi Zhi ([[Shaohao]]), eventually succeeded him. On the same day he was installed as leader, a golden [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] flew down and perched on top of a house exactly opposite of where he sat. His followers reckoned it was an auspicious beginning. They decided to use gold as the emblem of their tribe. Yi Zhi was retitled Jin Tian Shi ("golden skies") by his people, and headed the Jin Tian Tribe. Their settlement was located in [[Qufu]] (presently Qufu city in [[Shandong]] province). Yi Zhi died in 2515 BCE. Some of his descendants adopted Jin as their surnames and left off the words Tian Shi ("skies").<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese surname No.29 Jin (gold)|url=http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/browse_thread/thread/c10cca68a6c5f75f/5fff5dde4b83d1c8?lnk=st&q=#5fff5dde4b83d1c8 soc.culture.china|work=Google groups - soc.culture.china|publisher=Google|accessdate=10 June 2012|author=CHUNG Yoon-Ngan|date=13 September 1996}}</ref></blockquote>

The surname also appeared in an area called [[Pengcheng]] (now known as Tong Shan Xian) during the [[Han Dynasty]], from 206[[Common Era|BCE]] to 220BCE.

===Origin of Surname Jīn (金)===
*Jin Wang Sun (金王孫) was the first husband of [[Empress Wang Zhi]] during the [[Han Dynasty]].
*[[Jin Midi|Jin Mi Di]] (金日磾) was with the [[Xiongnu]] people during the [[Han Dynasty]] and received the surname Jīn(金) from [[Han Wu Di]]. His father, Xiutu (休屠) was a [[general]]-feudal lord during the [[Xiongnu]] Dynasty. [[Jin Xuan]] (金旋) and [[Jin Yi]] (金禕) were some of his descendants.
* [[Qiang people]] use the surnames Jīn (金), [[Chang (surname)|Chang]] (羌), [[Gong]] (功), and [[Ju (disambiguation)|Ju]]-[[Goo (disambiguation)|Goo]] (俱).
* Some of [[Qian Liu]]'s (錢鏐) descendents received the surname Jin(金).{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}
* Jin was among the surnames granted to the [[Kaifeng Jews]] by an unnamed [[Song Dynasty]] emperor.
* During the [[Yuan Dynasty]], Chinese [[Liu]] (劉) clan received the surname Jīn (金), Jin Fu Xiang (金覆祥).
* [[Mongols|Mongolian]] [[Ye (surname)|Ye]](也) clan got surname Jīn (金) at [[Ming Dynasty]]
* [[Taiwanese aborigines]] received surname Jīn (金), [[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]], amongst others, during the [[Qing Dynasty]].
* [[Aisin Gioro]] clan got the surname Jīn (金), as "Aisin" means "gold" in [[Manchu language]], following the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
* Jin uses the same character as the [[Kim (Korean name)|Korean surname, "Kim"]]. Kim is Korea's most common surname and is also widely found amongst the [[ethnic Koreans in China]].{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

===Notables with the surname 金===
* [[Jin Midi]] (金日磾)
* [[Jin Shengtan]] (金聖嘆) (born Jin Renrui 金人瑞)
* [[Jin Yuelin]] (金岳霖)
* [[Jin Di]] (金迪)
* [[Jin Jing]] (金晶)
* [[Jin Fengling]] (金鳳玲)
* [[Jin Jingdao]] (金敬道)
* [[Jin Liqun]] (金立群)
* [[Jin Xing]] (金星)
* [[Jin Li]] (金力)
* [[Jin Renqing]] (金人慶)
* [[Jin Yubo]] (金煜博)
* [[Jin Zhiyang]] (金志扬)
* [[Elaine Jin]] (金燕玲)
* [[Ha Jin]] (born Jin Xuefei 金雪飛)
* [[Jin Yali]] (金娅黎)

===Variants===
*[[Jin (disambiguation)|Gyim]], Kim in [[Middle Chinese]]
*Gam, [[Kam]] in [[Cantonese]]
*[[Jin (disambiguation)|Jin]], [[Chin]] in [[Beijing dialect]]
*[[Kim (surname)|Kim]], [[Ghim]], [[Cam]] in [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]]
*Gim, [[Kim (surname)|Kim]] in Korea

==靳 (Jin)==
According to legend, Jin ({{linktext|靳}}) family name originated from [[Zhu Rong]]. It was later a clan in the [[Chu (state)]]. Originally the name was Jian-Jin (篯), but was later changed to [[Jian]]-[[Qian (surname)|Qian]] (錢) and [[Jin (disambiguation)|Jin]] (靳).

===Notables with the surname 靳===
* [[Yue-Sai Kan]] (靳羽西)

==晉 (Jin)==
Jin ({{linktext|晉}} family name originate from Tang Shu Yu (唐叔虞) the brother of [[King Wu of Zhou]], he founded the [[Jin (Chinese state)|state of Jin]] and his later descendants used the surname Jin (晉).

===Notables with the surname 晉===
* [[Jin Xiaomei]] (晉小梅)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Chinese-language surnames]]

Jin (Name)

2015-05-08T10:55:01Z

Knowledgebattle: 4th tone edit

{{About|the surname Jin|other uses|Jin (disambiguation)}}
{{ infobox family name
| name = Jin
| image = File:Regular Style CJKV Radical 167 (0).svg
| image_size = 200
| caption =
| mc = Kim
| pronunciation =
| meaning = gold
| region = [[China]]
| language = Chinese
| related names = Gyim Kam Kym [[Kim (Korean name)|Kim]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jin''' is the [[Hanyu pinyin]] transliteration of a number of [[Chinese surname]]s. The most common one, Jīn {{linktext|金}}, literally means "gold" and is 29th<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hundred Families Surnames|url=http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chinesesurname/hundred.html|work=The Origin of Hundred Surnames|publisher=Ronald Eng Young|accessdate=10 June 2012|author=Ronald Eng Young|language=English, Chinese|year=1996–2009}}</ref> in the list of "[[Hundred Family Surnames]]". The name is also used in [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Korea]] (Koreans romanize the name as '''Kim''') and in Hong Kong, where it is written in Cantonese as '''Kam'''. As of 2006, it is ranked the [[List of common Chinese surnames|64th most common Chinese surname]].

The other, less common, surnames that are "Jin" in pinyin include Jin ({{linktext|晉}}/{{linktext|晋}}) and Jin ({{linktext|靳}}).
==金 (Jīn)==

===Mythology===

Jin is an ancient surname, dating back over 4,000 years. It was first mentioned during the period ruled by the [[Yellow Emperor]], a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero, who is considered in [[Chinese mythology]] to be the ancestor of all [[Han Chinese]]. The legend behind the Jin surname is as follows:

<blockquote>The Yellow Emperor's son, Yi Zhi ([[Shaohao]]), eventually succeeded him. On the same day he was installed as leader, a golden [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] flew down and perched on top of a house exactly opposite of where he sat. His followers reckoned it was an auspicious beginning. They decided to use gold as the emblem of their tribe. Yi Zhi was retitled Jin Tian Shi ("golden skies") by his people, and headed the Jin Tian Tribe. Their settlement was located in [[Qufu]] (presently Qufu city in [[Shandong]] province). Yi Zhi died in 2515 BCE. Some of his descendants adopted Jin as their surnames and left off the words Tian Shi ("skies").<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese surname No.29 Jin (gold)|url=http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.china/browse_thread/thread/c10cca68a6c5f75f/5fff5dde4b83d1c8?lnk=st&q=#5fff5dde4b83d1c8 soc.culture.china|work=Google groups - soc.culture.china|publisher=Google|accessdate=10 June 2012|author=CHUNG Yoon-Ngan|date=13 September 1996}}</ref></blockquote>

The surname also appeared in an area called [[Pengcheng]] (now known as Tong Shan Xian) during the [[Han Dynasty]], from 206[[Common Era|BCE]] to 220BCE.

===Origin of Surname Jin (金)===
*Jin Wang Sun (金王孫) was the first husband of [[Empress Wang Zhi]] during the [[Han Dynasty]].
*[[Jin Midi|Jin Mi Di]] (金日磾) was with the [[Xiongnu]] people during the [[Han Dynasty]] and received the surname Jin(金) from [[Han Wu Di]]. His father, Xiutu (休屠) was a [[general]]-feudal lord during the [[Xiongnu]] Dynasty. [[Jin Xuan]] (金旋) and [[Jin Yi]] (金禕) were some of his descendants.
* [[Qiang people]] use the surnames Jin (金), [[Chang (surname)|Chang]] (羌), [[Gong]] (功), and [[Ju (disambiguation)|Ju]]-[[Goo (disambiguation)|Goo]] (俱).
* Some of [[Qian Liu]]'s (錢鏐) descendents received the surname Jin(金).{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}
* Jin was among the surnames granted to the [[Kaifeng Jews]] by an unnamed [[Song Dynasty]] emperor.
* During the [[Yuan Dynasty]], Chinese [[Liu]] (劉) clan received the surname Jin (金), Jin Fu Xiang (金覆祥).
* [[Mongols|Mongolian]] [[Ye (surname)|Ye]](也) clan got surname Jin (金) at [[Ming Dynasty]]
* [[Taiwanese aborigines]] received surname Jin (金), [[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]], amongst others, during the [[Qing Dynasty]].
* [[Aisin Gioro]] clan got the surname Jin (金), as "Aisin" means "gold" in [[Manchu language]], following the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
* Jin uses the same character as the [[Kim (Korean name)|Korean surname, "Kim"]]. Kim is Korea's most common surname and is also widely found amongst the [[ethnic Koreans in China]].{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

===Notables with the surname 金===
* [[Jin Midi]] (金日磾)
* [[Jin Shengtan]] (金聖嘆) (born Jin Renrui 金人瑞)
* [[Jin Yuelin]] (金岳霖)
* [[Jin Di]] (金迪)
* [[Jin Jing]] (金晶)
* [[Jin Fengling]] (金鳳玲)
* [[Jin Jingdao]] (金敬道)
* [[Jin Liqun]] (金立群)
* [[Jin Xing]] (金星)
* [[Jin Li]] (金力)
* [[Jin Renqing]] (金人慶)
* [[Jin Yubo]] (金煜博)
* [[Jin Zhiyang]] (金志扬)
* [[Elaine Jin]] (金燕玲)
* [[Ha Jin]] (born Jin Xuefei 金雪飛)
* [[Jin Yali]] (金娅黎)

===Variants===
*[[Jin (disambiguation)|Gyim]], Kim in [[Middle Chinese]]
*Gam, [[Kam]] in [[Cantonese]]
*[[Jin (disambiguation)|Jin]], [[Chin]] in [[Beijing dialect]]
*[[Kim (surname)|Kim]], [[Ghim]], [[Cam]] in [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]]
*Gim, [[Kim (surname)|Kim]] in Korea

==靳 (Jin)==
According to legend, Jin ({{linktext|靳}}) family name originated from [[Zhu Rong]]. It was later a clan in the [[Chu (state)]]. Originally the name was Jian-Jin (篯), but was later changed to [[Jian]]-[[Qian (surname)|Qian]] (錢) and [[Jin (disambiguation)|Jin]] (靳).

===Notables with the surname 靳===
* [[Yue-Sai Kan]] (靳羽西)

==晉 (Jin)==
Jin ({{linktext|晉}} family name originate from Tang Shu Yu (唐叔虞) the brother of [[King Wu of Zhou]], he founded the [[Jin (Chinese state)|state of Jin]] and his later descendants used the surname Jin (晉).

===Notables with the surname 晉===
* [[Jin Xiaomei]] (晉小梅)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Chinese-language surnames]]