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Newtown (Town, Connecticut)

2012-12-14T18:31:17Z

Jsderwin: /* Education */ added reference

{{About|the town|the borough|Newtown (borough), Connecticut}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Newtown, Connecticut
|settlement_type = [[New England town|Town]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_map = Newtown CT lg.PNG
|mapsize = 250px
|image_flag =
|image_seal = NewtownCTseal.JPG
|map_caption = Location in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_region = US-CT
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Connecticut]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[NECTA]]
|subdivision_name2 = Bridgeport-Stamford
|subdivision_type3 = Region
|subdivision_name3 = Housatonic Valley
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1711
|government_type = [[Board of selectmen|Selectman-town meeting]]
|leader_title = First selectman
|leader_name = Patricia E. Llodra
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_total_km2 = 153.1
|area_land_km2 = 149.6
|area_water_km2 = 3.4
|area_total_sq_mi = 59.1
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_total = 27560
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi =
|timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|area_land_sq_mi = 57.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.3
|elevation_m = 121
|elevation_ft = 397
|latd = 41 |latm = 23 |lats = 54 |latNS = N
|longd = 73 |longm = 17 |longs = 35 |longEW = W
|region =
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 06470
|website = [http://www.newtown-ct.gov/ www.newtown-ct.gov]
|area_code = [[Area code 203|203]] Exchanges: 370, 364, 426
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 09-52980
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0213475
|footnotes =
}}
'''Newtown''' is a town in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]], [[Connecticut]], [[United States]]. The population was 27,560 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Newtown town, Connecticut| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2| accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> Newtown was founded in 1705 and incorporated in 1711.

A [[Newtown School shooting|shooting]] at Sandy Hook Elementary School<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2248197/Shooting-Sandy-Hook-elementary-school.html</ref> occurred on December 14th, 2012.

==Government==
Elected to a two-year term, the [[Board of Selectmen]] supervise the administration of the affairs of the town, except those matters which by the General Statute or Town Charter are exclusively committed to the Board of Education or other departments. They are led by a First Selectman, who is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of the town. The Board of Selectmen with the assistance of the departments and boards and commission prepares the annual budget in February. The Legislative Council of 12 members (elected to the same two year terms) acts as the Board of Finance and passes ordinances. The Council recommends the annual education and general government budget to the towns people. The old fashion town meeting and referendum are used to pass the budget. These procedures are set forth in the Town Charter adopted and reviewed by the citizens.

The Borough of Newtown occupies about {{convert|1252|acre}} (or roughly two square miles) in the central part of town. Incorporated in 1824 by an act of the [[Connecticut General Assembly]], it is one of only nine boroughs in the state. The borough adopted zoning for the town center long before the rest of the community. The lot sizes are smaller than the minimum {{convert|1|acre|m2|adj=on}} lots of the rest of the community. The borough also has running public water provided by a small town water company. Much of the borough is sewered, and the rest of the town is mostly wells and septic systems.<ref>[http://www.newtown-ct.gov/Public_Documents/NewtownCT_WebDocs/about] Web page titled "Welcome to the Town of Newtown!", town government Web site, accessed March 28, 2007</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|60.38|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|57.8|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.3|sqmi}}, or 2.22%, is water.

Newtown is located in northern [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]]. It is about {{convert|45|mi|km}} southwest of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]. It is about {{convert|80|mi|km}} northeast of [[New York City]].<ref>"[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-connecticut-school-shooting-20121214,0,4678476.story Connecticut elementary school shooting: Multiple deaths reported]." ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. December 14, 2012. Retrieved on December 14, 2012.</ref>

Newtown is the state's fifth largest town in area and is bordered by [[Bethel, Connecticut|Bethel]], [[Bridgewater, Connecticut|Bridgewater]], [[Brookfield, Connecticut|Brookfield]], [[Easton, Connecticut|Easton]], [[Monroe, Connecticut|Monroe]], [[Oxford, Connecticut|Oxford]], [[Redding, Connecticut|Redding]] and [[Southbury, Connecticut|Southbury]].

===Principal communities===
* [[Botsford, Connecticut|Botsford]] (ZIP code 06470)
* [[Dodgingtown]]
* [[Hattertown, Connecticut|Hattertown]]
* [[Hawleyville]] (ZIP code 06470)
* [[Newtown (borough), Connecticut|Newtown Borough]]
* Rocky Glen
* [[Sandy Hook (Newtown)|Sandy Hook]] (ZIP code 06482) (including Berkshire, Riverside, Walnut Tree Hill, and Zoar communities)
*Other minor communities include Head of Meadow, Hopewell, Huntingtown, Lands End, Middle Gate, Palestine, and Taunton.

==History==
{{Main|History of Newtown, Connecticut}}

The town of Newtown, originally known as Quanneapague, was purchased from the [[Potatuck|Pohtatuck]] Indians in 1705. Settled from [[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]] and incorporated in 1711, Newtown was a stronghold of [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Tory]] sentiment during the early [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. French General [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau|Rochambeau]] and his troops encamped here in 1781 during their [[Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route|celebrated march]] on their way to the [[siege of Yorktown]], [[Virginia]], which ended the Revolution. An important crossroads throughout its early history, the village of Hawleyville briefly emerged as a [[railroad]] center, and the town's population grew to over 4,000 circa 1881. In the following decades, the population dwindled to a low of 2,635 in 1930 before again growing.

Local industry has included the manufacture of furniture, tea bags, combs, fire hoses, folding boxes, buttons, and hats, as well as farming and mica and feldspar mining. The game of [[Scrabble]] was developed here by James Brunot.

Among notable residents have been James Purdy, an African American farmer who was part of the [[Underground Railroad]], and Mary Elizabeth Hawley, Newtown's benefactress.

==Landmarks==
Newtown has a number of local landmarks. Perhaps the most famous is the flagpole, first erected in 1876. The ''Newtown Bee'', the local weekly newspaper, has been serving the area since 1877, and has been owned and operated by the Smith family since 1881. Another important building, located across from the flagpole, is Newtown Meeting House, which served as the town's [[Congregational church]] for many years. The rooster [[weather vane]] (a town symbol) located atop the meeting house is said to have been used as a target by French soldiers encamped here in 1781 during the Revolutionary War.

Hawley School is another landmark. Constructed in the 1920s, it has been used as a whole-town school, a high school, and an elementary school. It is currently an elementary school. Though it has served many different school functions, its original section has remained much the same. Two additions have been added since its construction.

Newtown is home to the "Fairfield Hills" Hospital, erected in the 1930s. It was closed in 1995. Fairfield Hills was used as the set of the juvenile facility in the film ''[[Sleepers (film)|Sleepers]]'' in 1995. Newtown recently purchased the property, and, as of 2007, the town is considering a somewhat controversial plan for its usage. In 2008, the NYA (Newtown Youth Academy) was added, with a fitness section, basketball courts, and a turf field.

===Edmond Town Hall===
The building, completed in the 1930s, contains some town offices and has a variety of rooms for all occasions, including the Alexandria Room for weddings, parties and recitals; and a gymnasium for sports, parties and craft shows. Smaller meeting rooms are also present.

The Board of Managers is composed of six members serving six year terms. At each regular Town Election, two members are elected, both of whom may not be members of the same political party. According to Town Charter, the Board "shall have the exclusive care and maintenance of Edmond Town Hall and all grounds and buildings appurtenant thereto, together with all powers and duties prescribed for said Board by Special Act No. 98 of the 1931 session by which it was created, as amended by Special Act No. 517 of the 1953 session".

The architect for this building was Philip Sutherland, who also designed Cyrenius H. Booth Library.

The Edmond Town hall is notable for its cinema. The theater shows popular films shortly after they leave mainstream theaters, and is the only $2 film theater in Connecticut. It is a popular spot for middle school and high school students. The town hall was constructed for the community by a local benefactress Mary Elizabeth Hawley and dedicated in 1930. The building was named for Miss Hawley’s maternal great grandfather Judge William Edmond.

===Cyrenius H. Booth Library===

Newtown's public library was opened December 17, 1932, with a capacity for 25,000 volumes. The library is a posthumous gift of Mary Elizabeth Hawley and was named after her maternal grandfather, a doctor in town from 1820 until his death in 1871. Hawley's gift not only paid for construction of the building, but included a trust fund of about $250,000 which resulted in the town not financing the library until the 1980s.<ref name=chbhist>[http://www.chboothlibrary.org/history.php] Cruson, Daniel, "The Cyrenius H. Booth Library History", Cyrenius H. Booth Library website, accessed March 28, 2007</ref>

[[File:CHBooth-Library.jpg|thumb|200px|Cyrenius H. Booth Library, Newtown, Connecticut]]

Designed by Philip Sutherland, who also designed Newtown's Edmond Town Hall, the building was considered one of the most modern libraries of its time, with several innovative features. The building was fireproof, had cork floors and acoustic ceiling tiles to deaden sound, and had a built-in humidifying unit and a centralized vacuum cleaner.<ref name=chbhist/>

In January 1998 an addition to the rear of the building was completed and officially opened. The expansion doubled the available floor space and provides areas for meetings and displays of art and local historical artifacts from the library's large collection.<ref name=chbhist/>

===On the National Register of Historic Places===
* [[Caleb Baldwin Tavern]] — 32 Main Street (added September 23, 2002)
* [[Camps Nos. 10 and 41 of Rochambeau's Army]] (added June 6, 2002)
* [[Glover House (Newtown, Connecticut)|Glover House]] — 50 Main Street (added March 11, 1982)
* [[Hattertown Historic District]] — Roughly, junction of Aunt Park Lane, Castle Meadow, Hattertown, and Hi Barlow roads (added 1996)
* [[John Glover House]] — 53 Echo Valley Road (added September 17, 2001)
* [[March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Reservoir Road]] — Junction of Reservoir Road and Mount Pleasant Road South (added February 8, 2003)
* [[Nathan B. Lattin Farm]] — 22 Walker Hill Road (added June 24, 1990)
* [[New York Belting and Packing Co.]] — 45-71 and 79-89 Glen Road (added July 2, 1982)
* [[Newtown Borough Historic District]] — Roughly, Main Street from Hawley Road to Academy Lane (added 1996)
* [[Nichols Satinet Mill Site]] (added March 23, 1996)

==Parks and recreation==

The town of Newtown offers many programs for area residents, and there are numerous parks and fields offering playgrounds, swimming, tennis, softball, baseball, volleyball, lacrosse, soccer, as well as a nature center and trails. Prominent Newtown parks include Treadwell Park, Dickinson Park, and [[Collis P. Huntington State Park]]. Treadwell Park, named after former selectman Timothy Treadwell, contains recreation facilities and the town pool. Dickinson park used to contain a swimming pool (really more like a swimming "pond"), which was a large asphalt-lined bowl-shaped depression surrounded by a grass "beach". It was a uniquely safe design for children because there was no "deep end" anywhere around the periphery of the pool/pond. Unfortunately, it lacked a formal filtration system and required attendants to periodically row out and manually add chlorine to the water. It was removed and filled in in 2006.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 25,031 people, 8,325 households, and 6,776 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 433.4 people per square mile (167.3/km²). There were 8,601 housing units at an average density of 148.9 per square mile (57.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.14% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.75% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.40% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.64% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.89% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.36% of the population.

There were 8,325 households out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the town the population was spread out with 29.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $90,193, and the median income for a family was $99,192 (these figures had risen to $101,937 and $119,175 respectively as of a 2007 estimate<ref>http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=06000US0900152980&-format=&-_lang=en</ref>). Males had a median income of $68,965 versus $42,217 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $37,786. About 2.2% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Newtown Law Enforcement==
The Newtown Police Department has been around Newtown since 1970. The Newtown Police Department is located on 3 Main sSreet near Rams Pasture, Newtown's celebrating park. Newtown's chief and commander of the department is Chief Michael Kehoe and captain, Joe Rios. They have a total of 47 sworn officers in uniform.

==Education==
The Newtown Public school system operates four elementary schools (the Hawley School, Head O'Meadow School, [[Middle Gate School]], and [[Sandy Hook Elementary School]]) that serve grades K-4, an intermediate school (Reed Intermediate School) serving grades 5-6, Newtown Middle School (serving grades 7-8), and [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School]] serving grades 9-12.

Newtown also has several private and parochial schools, including St. Rose of Lima School, the Fraser-Woods School, and the Housatonic Valley Waldorf School.

On December 14, 2012, there was a shooting at the Sandy Hook Elementary School, with news outlets reporting multiple fatalities, most of whom are children. <ref>http://www.wcvb.com/news/local/AP-18-children-among-27-dead-in-Conn-elementary-school-massacre/-/9848876/17777062/-/gr7ue7z/-/index.html</ref>

==Notable residents, past and present==

Among notable residents have been James Purdy, who helped slaves escape to Canada in the 1850s and ministered to [[smallpox]] victims during the [[American Civil War]]; Mary Elizabeth Hawley, Newtown's benefactress; [[Joseph F. Engelberger]], an engineer and entrepreneur who is often credited with being the "Father of Robotics" - the Robotics Industries Association annually presents the Joseph F. Engelberger Awards to "persons who have contributed outstandingly to the furtherance of the science and practice of robotics."; actor [[Anthony Edwards]], known for his roles in ''[[Top Gun]]'', ''[[Gotcha! (1985 film)|Gotcha!]]'', ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', ''[[Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise]]'' and the television series ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]],'' lives in Sandy Hook; and [[Bruce Jenner]], [[1976 Summer Olympics]] [[decathlon]] gold medalist, attended [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School]].

Other notable residents (in alphabetical order):
* [[Renata Adler]], author
* [[Joanna Cole]], author of the Magic School Bus series
* [[Suzanne Collins]], author
* [[Anthony Edwards]], actor, lives in Sandy Hook (see Steven Kellogg)
* [[Bruce Degen]], illustrator of the Magic School Bus series
* [[Henry Dutton]], former Connecticut governor
* [[Charles Goodyear]], inventor of the vulcanization process
* [[Rea Irvin]], cartoonist and art editor
* [[Elia Kazan]], film and stage director
* [[Steven Kellogg]], children's author and illustrator, used to live in [[Sandy Hook, Connecticut|Sandy Hook]], sold house to Anthony Edwards.<ref>[http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-9780688070458-0]"About the Author" section of a Web page titled "Chicken Little by Steven Kellogg" at ''Powell's Books'' Web site ("Steven Kellogg lives in Sandy Hook, Connecticut."), accessed March 28, 2007</ref>
* [[Burke Marshall]], head of the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice during the Civil Rights Era, retired in Newtown
* [[Ryan T. Murphy]], associate director of the [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]], was a resident and graduate from Newtown High School
* [[James Thurber]], cartoonist and playwright
* [[Isaac Toucey]] (1792–1869), U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, Attorney General of the United States and Governor of Connecticut, was born in town
* [[Jenna Von Oy]], actress - TV series ''Blossom''
* [[Joey Styles]], announcer for [[Extreme Championship Wrestling]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Connecticut}}
* [http://www.newtown-ct.gov/ Town of Newtown] official website
* [http://www.newtown.k12.ct.us/ Newtown Public Schools]
* [http://www.newtownhistory.org/ Newtown Historical Society]
* [http://www.newtownbee.com/ ''The Newtown Bee'' weekly newspaper]
* [http://www.thenewtownermagazine.com/ ''The Newtowner: An Arts and Literary Magazine'']
* [http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?brd=1380 ''Voices'' newspaper]
* [http://www.chboothlibrary.org/ Cyrenius H. Booth Library (public library)]

{{Connecticut}}
{{Fairfield County, Connecticut}}

[[Category:Newtown, Connecticut|*]]
[[Category:Towns in Fairfield County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1705]]

[[ca:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[es:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[fr:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[it:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[kk:Ньютаун (Коннектикут)]]
[[ht:Newtown, Connecticut]]
[[nl:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[uz:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[sv:Newtown, Connecticut]]
[[vo:Newtown (Connecticut)]]

Newtown (Town, Connecticut)

2012-12-14T18:25:40Z

Jsderwin: /* Education */ removed unreferenced information

{{About|the town|the borough|Newtown (borough), Connecticut}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Newtown, Connecticut
|settlement_type = [[New England town|Town]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_map = Newtown CT lg.PNG
|mapsize = 250px
|image_flag =
|image_seal = NewtownCTseal.JPG
|map_caption = Location in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_region = US-CT
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Connecticut]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[NECTA]]
|subdivision_name2 = Bridgeport-Stamford
|subdivision_type3 = Region
|subdivision_name3 = Housatonic Valley
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1711
|government_type = [[Board of selectmen|Selectman-town meeting]]
|leader_title = First selectman
|leader_name = Patricia E. Llodra
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_total_km2 = 153.1
|area_land_km2 = 149.6
|area_water_km2 = 3.4
|area_total_sq_mi = 59.1
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_total = 27560
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi =
|timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|area_land_sq_mi = 57.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.3
|elevation_m = 121
|elevation_ft = 397
|latd = 41 |latm = 23 |lats = 54 |latNS = N
|longd = 73 |longm = 17 |longs = 35 |longEW = W
|region =
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 06470
|website = [http://www.newtown-ct.gov/ www.newtown-ct.gov]
|area_code = [[Area code 203|203]] Exchanges: 370, 364, 426
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 09-52980
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0213475
|footnotes =
}}
'''Newtown''' is a town in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]], [[Connecticut]], [[United States]]. The population was 27,560 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Newtown town, Connecticut| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2| accessdate=August 9, 2011}}</ref> Newtown was founded in 1705 and incorporated in 1711.

A [[Sandy Hook Elementary School|shooting]] at Sandy Hook Elementary School<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2248197/Shooting-Sandy-Hook-elementary-school.html</ref> occurred on December 14th, 2012.

==Government==
Elected to a two-year term, the [[Board of Selectmen]] supervise the administration of the affairs of the town, except those matters which by the General Statute or Town Charter are exclusively committed to the Board of Education or other departments. They are led by a First Selectman, who is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of the town. The Board of Selectmen with the assistance of the departments and boards and commission prepares the annual budget in February. The Legislative Council of 12 members (elected to the same two year terms) acts as the Board of Finance and passes ordinances. The Council recommends the annual education and general government budget to the towns people. The old fashion town meeting and referendum are used to pass the budget. These procedures are set forth in the Town Charter adopted and reviewed by the citizens.

The Borough of Newtown occupies about {{convert|1252|acre}} (or roughly two square miles) in the central part of town. Incorporated in 1824 by an act of the [[Connecticut General Assembly]], it is one of only nine boroughs in the state. The borough adopted zoning for the town center long before the rest of the community. The lot sizes are smaller than the minimum {{convert|1|acre|m2|adj=on}} lots of the rest of the community. The borough also has running public water provided by a small town water company. Much of the borough is sewered, and the rest of the town is mostly wells and septic systems.<ref>[http://www.newtown-ct.gov/Public_Documents/NewtownCT_WebDocs/about] Web page titled "Welcome to the Town of Newtown!", town government Web site, accessed March 28, 2007</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|60.38|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|57.8|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.3|sqmi}}, or 2.22%, is water.

Newtown is located in northern [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]]. It is about {{convert|45|mi|km}} southwest of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]. It is about {{convert|80|mi|km}} northeast of [[New York City]].<ref>"[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-connecticut-school-shooting-20121214,0,4678476.story Connecticut elementary school shooting: Multiple deaths reported]." ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. December 14, 2012. Retrieved on December 14, 2012.</ref>

Newtown is the state's fifth largest town in area and is bordered by [[Bethel, Connecticut|Bethel]], [[Bridgewater, Connecticut|Bridgewater]], [[Brookfield, Connecticut|Brookfield]], [[Easton, Connecticut|Easton]], [[Monroe, Connecticut|Monroe]], [[Oxford, Connecticut|Oxford]], [[Redding, Connecticut|Redding]] and [[Southbury, Connecticut|Southbury]].

===Principal communities===
* [[Botsford, Connecticut|Botsford]] (ZIP code 06470)
* [[Dodgingtown]]
* [[Hattertown, Connecticut|Hattertown]]
* [[Hawleyville]] (ZIP code 06470)
* [[Newtown (borough), Connecticut|Newtown Borough]]
* Rocky Glen
* [[Sandy Hook (Newtown)|Sandy Hook]] (ZIP code 06482) (including Berkshire, Riverside, Walnut Tree Hill, and Zoar communities)
*Other minor communities include Head of Meadow, Hopewell, Huntingtown, Lands End, Middle Gate, Palestine, and Taunton.

==History==
{{Main|History of Newtown, Connecticut}}

The town of Newtown, originally known as Quanneapague, was purchased from the [[Potatuck|Pohtatuck]] Indians in 1705. Settled from [[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]] and incorporated in 1711, Newtown was a stronghold of [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Tory]] sentiment during the early [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. French General [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau|Rochambeau]] and his troops encamped here in 1781 during their [[Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route|celebrated march]] on their way to the [[siege of Yorktown]], [[Virginia]], which ended the Revolution. An important crossroads throughout its early history, the village of Hawleyville briefly emerged as a [[railroad]] center, and the town's population grew to over 4,000 circa 1881. In the following decades, the population dwindled to a low of 2,635 in 1930 before again growing.

Local industry has included the manufacture of furniture, tea bags, combs, fire hoses, folding boxes, buttons, and hats, as well as farming and mica and feldspar mining. The game of [[Scrabble]] was developed here by James Brunot.

Among notable residents have been James Purdy, an African American farmer who was part of the [[Underground Railroad]], and Mary Elizabeth Hawley, Newtown's benefactress.

==Landmarks==
Newtown has a number of local landmarks. Perhaps the most famous is the flagpole, first erected in 1876. The ''Newtown Bee'', the local weekly newspaper, has been serving the area since 1877, and has been owned and operated by the Smith family since 1881. Another important building, located across from the flagpole, is Newtown Meeting House, which served as the town's [[Congregational church]] for many years. The rooster [[weather vane]] (a town symbol) located atop the meeting house is said to have been used as a target by French soldiers encamped here in 1781 during the Revolutionary War.

Hawley School is another landmark. Constructed in the 1920s, it has been used as a whole-town school, a high school, and an elementary school. It is currently an elementary school. Though it has served many different school functions, its original section has remained much the same. Two additions have been added since its construction.

Newtown is home to the "Fairfield Hills" Hospital, erected in the 1930s. It was closed in 1995. Fairfield Hills was used as the set of the juvenile facility in the film ''[[Sleepers (film)|Sleepers]]'' in 1995. Newtown recently purchased the property, and, as of 2007, the town is considering a somewhat controversial plan for its usage. In 2008, the NYA (Newtown Youth Academy) was added, with a fitness section, basketball courts, and a turf field.

===Edmond Town Hall===
The building, completed in the 1930s, contains some town offices and has a variety of rooms for all occasions, including the Alexandria Room for weddings, parties and recitals; and a gymnasium for sports, parties and craft shows. Smaller meeting rooms are also present.

The Board of Managers is composed of six members serving six year terms. At each regular Town Election, two members are elected, both of whom may not be members of the same political party. According to Town Charter, the Board "shall have the exclusive care and maintenance of Edmond Town Hall and all grounds and buildings appurtenant thereto, together with all powers and duties prescribed for said Board by Special Act No. 98 of the 1931 session by which it was created, as amended by Special Act No. 517 of the 1953 session".

The architect for this building was Philip Sutherland, who also designed Cyrenius H. Booth Library.

The Edmond Town hall is notable for its cinema. The theater shows popular films shortly after they leave mainstream theaters, and is the only $2 film theater in Connecticut. It is a popular spot for middle school and high school students. The town hall was constructed for the community by a local benefactress Mary Elizabeth Hawley and dedicated in 1930. The building was named for Miss Hawley’s maternal great grandfather Judge William Edmond.

===Cyrenius H. Booth Library===

Newtown's public library was opened December 17, 1932, with a capacity for 25,000 volumes. The library is a posthumous gift of Mary Elizabeth Hawley and was named after her maternal grandfather, a doctor in town from 1820 until his death in 1871. Hawley's gift not only paid for construction of the building, but included a trust fund of about $250,000 which resulted in the town not financing the library until the 1980s.<ref name=chbhist>[http://www.chboothlibrary.org/history.php] Cruson, Daniel, "The Cyrenius H. Booth Library History", Cyrenius H. Booth Library website, accessed March 28, 2007</ref>

[[File:CHBooth-Library.jpg|thumb|200px|Cyrenius H. Booth Library, Newtown, Connecticut]]

Designed by Philip Sutherland, who also designed Newtown's Edmond Town Hall, the building was considered one of the most modern libraries of its time, with several innovative features. The building was fireproof, had cork floors and acoustic ceiling tiles to deaden sound, and had a built-in humidifying unit and a centralized vacuum cleaner.<ref name=chbhist/>

In January 1998 an addition to the rear of the building was completed and officially opened. The expansion doubled the available floor space and provides areas for meetings and displays of art and local historical artifacts from the library's large collection.<ref name=chbhist/>

===On the National Register of Historic Places===
* [[Caleb Baldwin Tavern]] — 32 Main Street (added September 23, 2002)
* [[Camps Nos. 10 and 41 of Rochambeau's Army]] (added June 6, 2002)
* [[Glover House (Newtown, Connecticut)|Glover House]] — 50 Main Street (added March 11, 1982)
* [[Hattertown Historic District]] — Roughly, junction of Aunt Park Lane, Castle Meadow, Hattertown, and Hi Barlow roads (added 1996)
* [[John Glover House]] — 53 Echo Valley Road (added September 17, 2001)
* [[March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Reservoir Road]] — Junction of Reservoir Road and Mount Pleasant Road South (added February 8, 2003)
* [[Nathan B. Lattin Farm]] — 22 Walker Hill Road (added June 24, 1990)
* [[New York Belting and Packing Co.]] — 45-71 and 79-89 Glen Road (added July 2, 1982)
* [[Newtown Borough Historic District]] — Roughly, Main Street from Hawley Road to Academy Lane (added 1996)
* [[Nichols Satinet Mill Site]] (added March 23, 1996)

==Parks and recreation==

The town of Newtown offers many programs for area residents, and there are numerous parks and fields offering playgrounds, swimming, tennis, softball, baseball, volleyball, lacrosse, soccer, as well as a nature center and trails. Prominent Newtown parks include Treadwell Park, Dickinson Park, and [[Collis P. Huntington State Park]]. Treadwell Park, named after former selectman Timothy Treadwell, contains recreation facilities and the town pool. Dickinson park used to contain a swimming pool (really more like a swimming "pond"), which was a large asphalt-lined bowl-shaped depression surrounded by a grass "beach". It was a uniquely safe design for children because there was no "deep end" anywhere around the periphery of the pool/pond. Unfortunately, it lacked a formal filtration system and required attendants to periodically row out and manually add chlorine to the water. It was removed and filled in in 2006.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 25,031 people, 8,325 households, and 6,776 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 433.4 people per square mile (167.3/km²). There were 8,601 housing units at an average density of 148.9 per square mile (57.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.14% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.75% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.14% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.40% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.64% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.89% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.36% of the population.

There were 8,325 households out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the town the population was spread out with 29.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $90,193, and the median income for a family was $99,192 (these figures had risen to $101,937 and $119,175 respectively as of a 2007 estimate<ref>http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=06000US0900152980&-format=&-_lang=en</ref>). Males had a median income of $68,965 versus $42,217 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $37,786. About 2.2% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Newtown Law Enforcement==
The Newtown Police Department has been around Newtown since 1970. The Newtown Police Department is located on 3 Main sSreet near Rams Pasture, Newtown's celebrating park. Newtown's chief and commander of the department is Chief Michael Kehoe and captain, Joe Rios. They have a total of 47 sworn officers in uniform.

==Education==
The Newtown Public school system operates four elementary schools (the Hawley School, Head O'Meadow School, [[Middle Gate School]], and [[Sandy Hook Elementary School]]) that serve grades K-4, an intermediate school (Reed Intermediate School) serving grades 5-6, Newtown Middle School (serving grades 7-8), and [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School]] serving grades 9-12.

Newtown also has several private and parochial schools, including St. Rose of Lima School, the Fraser-Woods School, and the Housatonic Valley Waldorf School.

==Notable residents, past and present==

Among notable residents have been James Purdy, who helped slaves escape to Canada in the 1850s and ministered to [[smallpox]] victims during the [[American Civil War]]; Mary Elizabeth Hawley, Newtown's benefactress; [[Joseph F. Engelberger]], an engineer and entrepreneur who is often credited with being the "Father of Robotics" - the Robotics Industries Association annually presents the Joseph F. Engelberger Awards to "persons who have contributed outstandingly to the furtherance of the science and practice of robotics."; actor [[Anthony Edwards]], known for his roles in ''[[Top Gun]]'', ''[[Gotcha! (1985 film)|Gotcha!]]'', ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', ''[[Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise]]'' and the television series ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]],'' lives in Sandy Hook; and [[Bruce Jenner]], [[1976 Summer Olympics]] [[decathlon]] gold medalist, attended [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School]].

Other notable residents (in alphabetical order):
* [[Renata Adler]], author
* [[Joanna Cole]], author of the Magic School Bus series
* [[Suzanne Collins]], author
* [[Anthony Edwards]], actor, lives in Sandy Hook (see Steven Kellogg)
* [[Bruce Degen]], illustrator of the Magic School Bus series
* [[Henry Dutton]], former Connecticut governor
* [[Charles Goodyear]], inventor of the vulcanization process
* [[Rea Irvin]], cartoonist and art editor
* [[Elia Kazan]], film and stage director
* [[Steven Kellogg]], children's author and illustrator, used to live in [[Sandy Hook, Connecticut|Sandy Hook]], sold house to Anthony Edwards.<ref>[http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-9780688070458-0]"About the Author" section of a Web page titled "Chicken Little by Steven Kellogg" at ''Powell's Books'' Web site ("Steven Kellogg lives in Sandy Hook, Connecticut."), accessed March 28, 2007</ref>
* [[Burke Marshall]], head of the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice during the Civil Rights Era, retired in Newtown
* [[Ryan T. Murphy]], associate director of the [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]], was a resident and graduate from Newtown High School
* [[James Thurber]], cartoonist and playwright
* [[Isaac Toucey]] (1792–1869), U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, Attorney General of the United States and Governor of Connecticut, was born in town
* [[Jenna Von Oy]], actress - TV series ''Blossom''
* [[Joey Styles]], announcer for [[Extreme Championship Wrestling]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Connecticut}}
* [http://www.newtown-ct.gov/ Town of Newtown] official website
* [http://www.newtown.k12.ct.us/ Newtown Public Schools]
* [http://www.newtownhistory.org/ Newtown Historical Society]
* [http://www.newtownbee.com/ ''The Newtown Bee'' weekly newspaper]
* [http://www.thenewtownermagazine.com/ ''The Newtowner: An Arts and Literary Magazine'']
* [http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?brd=1380 ''Voices'' newspaper]
* [http://www.chboothlibrary.org/ Cyrenius H. Booth Library (public library)]

{{Connecticut}}
{{Fairfield County, Connecticut}}

[[Category:Newtown, Connecticut|*]]
[[Category:Towns in Fairfield County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1705]]

[[ca:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[es:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[fr:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[it:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[kk:Ньютаун (Коннектикут)]]
[[ht:Newtown, Connecticut]]
[[nl:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[uz:Newtown (Connecticut)]]
[[sv:Newtown, Connecticut]]
[[vo:Newtown (Connecticut)]]

Trinidad Moruga Scorpion

2012-06-02T22:23:39Z

Jsderwin:

{{Infobox pepper
| name = Trinidad Moruga Scorpion
| heat = Exceptionally Hot
| scoville = up to 2,000,000}}
The '''Trinidad Moruga Scorpion''' (Capsicum Chinense), endemic to the district of [[Moruga]] in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], is currently the world's hottest [[Chili pepper]] cultivar. The [[New Mexico State University | New Mexico State University's]] Chili Pepper Institute has identified the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion as the newest hottest chili pepper in the world as of February 2012.<ref name= "yahoo article">{{cite news| url= http://news.yahoo.com/trinidad-moruga-scorpion-wins-hottest-pepper-title-015457622.html| title= Trinidad Moruga Scorpion wins hottest pepper title|date=February 16, 2012|author=Susan Montoya Bryan|publisher=[[Associated Press]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/67J3MeXUF |archivedate=2012-04-12}}</ref><ref name="moruga_scorpion">{{Cite web
|url=http://yourlife.usatoday.com/fitness-food/story/2012-03-11/Chile-Pepper-Institute-studies-whats-hot/53490214/1
|title=Chile Pepper Institute studies what's hot
|publisher=USA Today
| work = Your life
|first=Monika
|last=Joshi
|date=2012-03-11
|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/667FrVkGP
|archivedate=2012-03-12}}</ref> According to the New Mexico State University Chile Institute, the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion ranks as high as 2,009,231 SHU on the [[Scoville scale]], making it the hottest chili pepper in the world to date.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://thepepperseed.com/peppers/trinidad-scorpion-moruga-the-worlds-hottest-chilli-pepper | title = Trinidad Scorpion Moruga, the world’s hottest chilli pepper | publisher = The pepper seed}}.</ref>

Paul Bosland, a renowned chili pepper expert and director of the Chile Institute, said that, "You take a bite. It doesn't seem so bad, and then it builds and it builds and it builds. So it is quite nasty."<ref name="yahoo article" />

The golf ball-sized chili pepper scored the highest among a handful of chili cultivars reputed to be among the hottest in the world. Its mean heat topped more than 1.2 million units on the Scoville heat scale, while fruits from some individual plants reached 2 million heat units.<ref name="yahoo article" />

Leaving out the heat the Moruga Scorpion has a tender fruit like flavor, which makes it a unique sweet-hot combination.<ref name="moruga_scorpion" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Capsicum Cultivars}}

{{Food-stub}}
[[Category:Chili peppers]]

[[nl:Trinidad Moruga Scorpion]]

Trinidad Moruga Scorpion

2012-06-02T02:50:20Z

Jsderwin: Corrected the spelling of Chile

{{Infobox pepper
| name = Trinidad Moruga Scorpion
| heat = Exceptionally Hot
| scoville = up to 2,000,000}}
The '''Trinidad Moruga Scorpion''' (Capsicum Chinense), endemic to the district of [[Moruga]] in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], is currently the world's hottest [[Chili pepper]] cultivar. The [[New Mexico State University | New Mexico State University's]] Chili Pepper Institute has identified the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion as the newest hottest chili pepper in the world as of February 2012.<ref name= "yahoo article">{{cite news| url= http://news.yahoo.com/trinidad-moruga-scorpion-wins-hottest-pepper-title-015457622.html| title= Trinidad Moruga Scorpion wins hottest pepper title|date=February 16, 2012|author=Susan Montoya Bryan|publisher=[[Associated Press]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/67J3MeXUF |archivedate=2012-04-12}}</ref><ref name="moruga_scorpion">{{Cite web
|url=http://yourlife.usatoday.com/fitness-food/story/2012-03-11/Chile-Pepper-Institute-studies-whats-hot/53490214/1
|title=Chile Pepper Institute studies what's hot
|publisher=USA Today
| work = Your life
|first=Monika
|last=Joshi
|date=2012-03-11
|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/667FrVkGP
|archivedate=2012-03-12}}</ref> According to the New Mexico State University Chile Institute, the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion ranks as high as 2,009,231 SHU on the [[Scoville scale]], making it the hottest chili pepper in the world to date.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://thepepperseed.com/peppers/trinidad-scorpion-moruga-the-worlds-hottest-chilli-pepper | title = Trinidad Scorpion Moruga, the world’s hottest chilli pepper | publisher = The pepper seed}}.</ref>

Paul Bosland, a renowned chili pepper expert and director of the Chili Institute, said that, "You take a bite. It doesn't seem so bad, and then it builds and it builds and it builds. So it is quite nasty."<ref name="yahoo article" />

The golf ball-sized chili pepper scored the highest among a handful of chili cultivars reputed to be among the hottest in the world. Its mean heat topped more than 1.2 million units on the Scoville heat scale, while fruits from some individual plants reached 2 million heat units.<ref name="yahoo article" />

Leaving out the heat the Moruga Scorpion has a tender fruitlike flavor, which makes it a unique sweet-hot combination.<ref name="moruga_scorpion" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Capsicum Cultivars}}

{{Food-stub}}
[[Category:Chili peppers]]

[[nl:Trinidad Moruga Scorpion]]