Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Georgius Chozebites

2019-11-10T14:00:33Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar, auth.control

Saint '''George of Choziba''', also called '''George the Chozibite''' or '''Chozebite''' (died c. 625), was a [[Greek Cypriot]] monk and leader of the [[monastery of Choziba]] in the vicinity of [[Jerusalem]]. Today, the monastery is named after George.

George was born on [[Cyprus]] and orphaned at a young age. He was raised in a monastery under one of his uncles. His older brother joined the ''[[lavra]]'' of [[Calamon]] in the [[Jordan Valley]], but George's request for admission was rejected and he was sent to the [[Cenobitic monasticism|coenobium]] of Choziba, which had been founded around 480 by [[John of Thebes]].<ref>Joseph Patrich, ''Sabas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: A Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, Fourth to Seventh Centuries'' (Dumbarton Oaks, 1995), p. 263.</ref>

According to his biographer, George and his brother [[Christian views on alcohol|abstained from wine]] in the ''lavra'' of Calamon and in Choziba.<ref>Patrich, ''Sabas'', p. 209.</ref> From Saturday evening until Sunday afternoon, George would observe an [[all-night vigil]] in the coenobium of his monastery; otherwise he and his fellow monks lived in their cells.<ref>Patrich, ''Sabas'', p. 239.</ref> In 614, when the [[Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem|Persians invaded Palestine and sacked Jerusalem]], George remained at Choziba.<ref>, "The Byzantine Hagiographer and His Text", in Stephanos Efthymiadis, ed., ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography, Volume II: Genres and Contexts'' (Ashgate, 2014), pp. 221–22.</ref>

A likeness of George is among the 36 saints (mostly local desert monks) painted on the plastered walls of a burial cave in the [[monastery of Mar Saba]]. He is identifiable by an inscription. He may be the latest saint depicted, and the archaeologist A. E. Mader suggested that the paintings dated to between his death and the [[Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)|Arab conquest of Jerusalem]] in 638.<ref>Patrich, ''Sabas'', pp. 143–44.</ref>

==Hagiography==
A [[hagiography]] of George ([[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca|BHG]] 669 and [[Clavis Patrum Graecorum|CPG]] 7985) was written by his disciple [[Antony of Choziba]]. It is a conventional hagiography but offers an eyewitness account of the Persian invasion of 614 and sheds important light on its impact on the Palestinian monasteries. It has been edited and translated into English:
*C. House, ed. "Vita Sancti Georgii Chozebitae Confessoris et Monachii". ''[[Analecta Bollandiana]]'' '''7''' (1888): 95–144, 336–359.
*[[Tim Vivian|T. Vivian]] and [[Apostolos Athanassakis|A. N. Athanassakis]], trans. ''The Life of Saint George of Choziba and the Miracles of the Most Holy Mother of God at Choziba''. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1994.
*T. Vivian, trans. ''Journeying Into God. Seven Early Monastic Lives''. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996. pp. 71–105.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Olster, David. "The Construction of a Byzantine Saint: George of Choziba, Holiness, and the Pilgrimage Trade in Seventh-Century Palestine." ''Greek Orthodox Theological Review'' '''38'''.14 (1993): 309–322.


{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Greece}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:7th-century Cypriot people]]
[[Category:7th-century Byzantine monks]]
[[Category:620s deaths]]
[[Category:Cypriot saints]]

Cecilia Eusepi

2019-09-29T15:15:35Z

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{{Infobox saint
|name = [[Beatification|Blessed]]<br>Cecilia Eusepi
|birth_date = {{birth date|1910|02|17|df=yes}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1928|10|01|1910|02|17|df=yes}}
|image = File:Eusepi Cecilia.jpg
|imagesize =
|birth_place = [[Monte Romano]], [[Viterbo]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
|death_place = [[Nepi]], Viterbo, Kingdom of Italy
|venerated_in = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|feast_day = 1 October
|attributes =
|patronage = Servite tertiaries
|titles = Laywoman
|beatified_date = 17 June 2012
|beatified_place = Piazza della Bottata, Nepi, [[Italy]]
|beatified_by = Cardinal [[Angelo Amato]]
}}

[[Beatification|Blessed]] '''Cecilia Eusepi''' (17 February 1910 – 1 October 1928) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] and a professed member from the [[Servite Order|Secular Servites]].<ref name=SQPN>{{citeweb|url=http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-cecilia-eusepi/|title=Blessed Cecilia Eusepi|date=1 October 2016|publisher=Saints SQPN|accessdate=30 December 2016}}</ref> Eusepi died of [[tuberculosis]] at 18 years of age, but only after her confessor advised her to keep a journal of her own life, which she titled "Storia di un Pagliaccio" ("Story of a Clown"), for she considered herself to be a "little clown" and "a half-stupid clown good for nothing"; she wrote that it must be her extreme weakness that appealed to [[God]].<ref name=TG>{{citeweb|url=http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_21862_l3.htm|title=Like a good-for-nothing clown|date=2009|publisher=30 Giorni|accessdate=30 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=SM>{{citeweb|url=http://servidimaria.net/stoosm/en/spirituality/blessed/cecilia.pdf|title=B. Cecilia Eusepi|publisher=Servi di Maria|date=|accessdate=30 December 2016}}</ref>

Eusepi's beatification was celebrated in Nepi in 2012.

==Life==
Cecilia Eusepi was born in [Monte Romano]] on 17 February 1910 as the last of eleven children to Paulina Mannucci; her brother Vincenzo was called for service during [[World War I]]. Eusepi received her [[baptism]] on 26 February from the archpriest Ugo Fulignoli. Her father died in April 1910 after ill health and on his deathbed entrusted his widow and children to his brother-in-law Filippo Mannucci.<ref name=SQPN/> On 6 January 1915 she was taken to a small farm called "La Massa" just off from [[Nepi]] with her mother and siblings in the care of her maternal uncle.<ref name=TG/><ref name=SM/> She received her [[Confirmation (Catholic Church)|Confirmation]] on 27 May 1917 from Bishop Luigi Olivares and her [[First Communion]] on 2 October 1917.

Eusepi was sent to a convent school (close to a Servite convent) on 5 September 1916 and later in 1922 she joined the [[Servite Order]] as a [[Third order|secular member]]. The [[Cistercians|Cistercian nuns]] oversaw her education while at this convent school from 1916 until 1923 and in 1922 became part of [[Catholic Action]].<ref name=SQPN/> On 14 February 1922 she received the [[scapular]] at the San Tolomeo ai Servi church and assumed the name of "Maria Angela". In 1923 she received permission from the local bishop to join the order as a [[postulant]] despite her uncle and mother's objections. Eusepi studied in [[Rome]] as well as in [[Pistoia]] and [[Zadar|Zara]]. From 1923 to 1926 she was among the Servite nuns in Pistoia but had to leave and go home due to [[tuberculosis]] which she was diagnosed with in summer 1926. The girl had also hoped to join the missions but her poor health prevented her from doing so and she returned home to Nepi on 23 October 1926.<ref name=TG/>

During her final illness her religious practice was a comfort and members of the Catholic Action movement as well as [[seminarians]] and [[priests]] often visited her and sometimes asked her for her opinion on their homilies and other things. It was then that she met the Servite priest Gabriele M. Roschini who became her confessor and [[Spiritual direction|spiritual director]] and who instructed her to keep a journal; she started this on 29 May 1927 and ended entries on 12 September 1928 weeks before her death.

Eusepi died from tuberculosis on the night of 1 October 1928 singing songs to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Madonna]] on the date that she had predicted she would die after having a dream about [[Saint Thérèse of Lisieux]]. On 16 March 1944 her remains were relocated to the San Tolmeo ai Servi church.

==Beatification==
The beatification process commenced in an informative process in [[Civita Castellana]] from 1939 until 1942 and the theologians assented to her journal and other spiritual writings - as being in line with the faith - on 22 November 1946; the cause started on a formal level under [[Pope Pius XII]] on 23 January 1954 and she became titled as a [[Servant of God]]. An apostolic process was held from 1958 to 1963 and the [[Congregation for Rites]] validated both processes on 12 July 1963; the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]] received the [[Positio]] in 1977. Theologians approved the cause on 24 February 1987 as did the C.C.S. on 12 May 1987. The confirmation of her [[heroic virtue]] led to [[Pope John Paul II]] titling her as [[Venerable]] on 1 June 1987.

The miracle for her beatification concerned the 4 August 1959 cure of Tommaso Ricci who survived what would have been a fatal traffic accident. This was investigated in a diocesan process and received C.C.S. validation on 10 March 2006; a medical board approved it on 1 October 2009 as did theologians on 12 December 2009 and the C.C.S. on 4 May 2010. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] approved this on 1 July 2010 and Cardinal [[Angelo Amato]] presided on the pope's behalf on 17 June 2012 in Nepi.

The current [[postulator]] for this cause is the Servite priest Franco M. Azzalli.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1928.htm Hagiography Circle]
* [http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-cecilia-eusepi/ Saints SQPN]
* [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91764 Santi e Beati]


{{Canonization}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy |portal4= Saints}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eusepi, Cecilia}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1928 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:20th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian women]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Beatifications by Pope Benedict XVI]]
[[Category:Italian beatified people]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:People from Viterbo]]
[[Category:Servite tertiaries]]
[[Category:Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II]]

Jean Rupp

2019-07-01T12:51:09Z

JoeHebda: Add: Subj.bar

'''Jean-Édouard-Lucien Rupp''' (13 October 1905 – 28 January 1983) was a [[French people|French]] prelate of the [[Catholic Church]] who served as Bishop of Monaco from 1962 to 1971 and then worked in the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] until he retired in 1980.

== Biography ==
Jean Rupp was born in [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]] on 13 January 1905. He entered the Saint Sulpice Seminary of [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] in 1928. He was ordained a priest on 31 March 1934.<ref name=bio>{{cite news | access-date = 30 June 2019 |language= fr | url = http://www.cahiers-lituaniens.org/Saint_Casimir_1958_Paris/orateurs.htm | title = Les orateurs de la séance commémorative |work = Cahiers Lituanuens }}</ref>

In 1946, in concert with Jean Larnaud, a Catholic layman, and the support of the Apostolic Nuncio to France, [[Angelo Roncalli]] (later Pope John XXIII), he founded the International Catholic Center for Cooperation with UNESCO (''Centre Catholique International de Coopération avec l’UNESCO'' or CCIC), which launched its operations the next year.<ref>{{cite web | website = Les Amis du Saint Siège auprès de l'UNESCO | url = https://www.assau.org/l-origine-transcendante-de-la | access-date = 30 June 2019 | title = Création du Centre Catholique International de Coopération avec l’UNESCO | date = 31 October 1978}}</ref> In 1947, [[Pope Pius XII]] named him the first<ref name=iraq/> representative of the Holy See to the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO),<ref name=bio/> a role that later expanded to include all the UN agencies headquartered in Geneva and which Rupp would assume in 1978.

[[Pope Pius XII]] appointed him auxiliary bishop of Paris for the [[Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in France]] on 28 October 1954.<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedia | date= 1958 | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-50-1958-ocr.pdf | page= 405}}</ref> [[Pope John XXIII]] named him the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monaco|Bishop of Monaco]] on 9 June 1962{{efn|Monaco was not elevated to the status of archdiocese until 1981.}} and he was enthroned there on 7 October.<ref name=monaco>{{cite news | work = Journal de Monaco | language = fr| url = https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/content/download/60177/1400053/ | page= 791| title = Intronisation de S. Exc. Mgr. Jean Rupp, nouvel Évêque de Monaco | date= 15 October 1962}}</ref>

Rupp participated in all four sessions of the [[Second Vatican Council]].<ref name=ch/> In 1964 he addressed the Council at length on the lack of Christian solidarity demonstrated in failing to denounce the [[Armenian Genocide]].<ref name=invite>{{cite news | url = https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1965/10/22/l-eveque-de-monaco-invite-en-armenie-sovietique_2195609_1819218.html | access-date = 29 June 2019 | language = fr |work = Le Monde | title = L'Évêque de Monaco Invité en Arménie Soviétique}}</ref>{{efn|This resulted in a two-week visit to the Soviet Union in 1965, prompted by an invitation from [[Vazgen I]] to attend the celebration marking the tenth anniversary of his election to head the Armenian national church.<ref name=invite/>}}

On 8 May 1971, [[Pope Paul VI]] named him [[Apostolic Pro-Nuncio]] to [[Iraq]],<ref name=iraq>{{cite news | language= fr | work = Le Monde | url = https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1971/05/12/mgr-jean-rupp-est-nomme-pro-nonce-apostolique-en-irak_2477113_1819218.html | title = Mgr Jean Rupp est Nommé Pro-Nonce Apostolique en Irak| date= 12 May 1971 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedia | date= 1971 | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-63-1971-ocr.pdf | page=398 }}</ref> raising him to the rank of archbishop,<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedia | date= 1973 | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-65-1973-ocr.pdf | page= 170}}</ref> and then added the title Pro-Nuncio to [[Kuwait]] on 4 March 1975.<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedia | date= 1975 | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-67-1975-ocr.pdf | page= 386}}</ref>

On 13 July 1978, a month before his death, Paul VI appointed Rupp the [[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web | website = Les Amis du Saint Siège auprès de l'UNESCO | url = https://www.assau.org/l-origine-transcendante-de-la | access-date = 30 June 2019 | title = L’origine transcendante de la personne humaine: Mgr Jean Rupp à la 20e session de la Conférence Générale de l’UNESCO | date = 31 October 1978}}</ref> He retired from this post on 5 July 1980<ref name=ch>{{cite web | website = Catholic Hierarchy | access-date = 30 June 2019 |url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/brupp.html| title= Archbishop Jean-Édouard-Lucien Rupp}}</ref> and [[Edoardo Rovida]] succeeded him in this post on 7 March 1981.<ref>{{cite web | access-date = 28 June 2019 | url = https://tentamina.com/info/ | title = Vescovi di Sicilia | website = Catholic Church in Sicily}}</ref>

In 1980, when Rupp turned 75, the standard age for a prelate to retire from active ministry, [[Pope John Paul II]] named him a canon of the [[Basilica of St. Mary Major]]. Rupp died in Rome on 28 January 1983<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedia | date= 1983 | url = http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-75-1983-I-ocr.pdf | page= 180}}</ref> and was buried in that basilica on 31 January.

== Writings ==
* ''L’idée de chrétienté dans la pensée pontificale des origins à Innocent III'', Presses modernes, 1939
* ''Brésil, espoir chrétien'', Spes, 1965
* ''Explorations œcuméniques'', Pastorelly, 1967
* ''Héros chrétiens de l’est. Hommage au déporté Kolbe'', 1972
* ''Message ecclésial de Solowiew. Présage et illustration de Vatican II.'', Lethielleux, Paris and Brussels, 1975
* ''Un levier pour l’œcuménisme: Wladimir Solowiew'', Lethielleux, 1975
* ''Histoire de l’Église de Paris'', 1948 réédition Robert laffont, 1992
* ''Un évêque revient d'U.R.S.S.''
* ''Lumière à l'Est'', Pastorelly, 1969
* ''Docteur pour nos temps: Catherine et Thérèse'', Lethielleux , 1971

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}



{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= France}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rupp, John}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Bishops of Monaco]]
[[Category:Auxiliary bishops of Paris]]
[[Category:Bishops of Monaco]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Iraq]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Kuwait]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Germain-en-Laye]]

Benutzerin:Falten-Jura/Polyandrion

2019-06-11T17:33:16Z

JoeHebda: /* Category */ add cat.; rm cat.notice; rm stub notice

The '''Polyandrion''' is the archaeological term for the communal tomb in [[ancient Greece]], where more than one body, usually [[warrior]]s, are buried.<ref>{{cite book|last= Harris|first=Cyril M.|title=Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=kp_DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1149&lpg=PT1149&dq=polyandrion&source=bl&ots=jm1nUhq0o8&sig=iFzFAd4RPpCcXcY-CmV3GEkefNY&hl=el&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTifH8z_fdAhURbBoKHXcMBxU4FBDoATABegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=polyandrion&f=false|year=2013|publisher=Courier Corporation}}</ref> The polyandron is also called ''δημόσιον σήμα'' (public signal).<ref name=Mollet>{{cite book|last=Mollett|first=J. W. |title=An Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archaeology|year=1883|publisher=Gilbert and Rivington|location= London|page=260}}</ref>

For the marking of polyandrons during the 7th c. BCE, in addition to the form of the [[toumba]] in Northern Greece, or the [[Kouros]] in ancient times, a large stone or marble tombstone was used, like that of the ancient cemetery of Paros, where for at least two centuries there were hero-cult with offerings and sacrifices to the dead, male warriors.

Polyandria of the 5th c. are known in [[Attica]], [[Central Greece|Central]] and [[Northern Greece]], but are scarcely associated with extreme historical conditions. An impressive polyandrion is that of [[ancient Athens]], associated with the early years of the [[Peloponnesian War]] and the sudden plague that broke out in the city-state.<ref>{{cite book|last=Baziotopoulou-Valavani |first=E.|editor=Stamatopoulou, M. |editor2=Yeroulanou, M. |title=Excavating Classical Culture|year=2002|pages=187–201|chapter=A Mass Burial from the Cemetery of Kerameikos}}</ref>

The sequence of the typology of the monuments ended around 317 BCE following the legislation of [[Demetrios of Phaleron]], who banned the rich sculpture demonstration. Athenian citizens were mentioned either with a monument called a ''trapeza'' or with a small [[pillar]]. These monuments generally refer to the name of the deceased, the name of his father and the municipality in which the citizen was registered. The simple style of the newer monuments was considered to be an extreme expression of the [[ideology]] of [[isonomia]], the fundamental equality of all citizens.<ref name=Mollet />

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Ancient Greek tombs]]
[[Category:Burial monuments and structures in Greece]]

Werner Bardenhewer

2019-01-18T15:05:03Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar

{{Infobox person
| name = Werner Bardenhewer
| image = Werner Bardenhewer & Dirk Müller 2012-03-20.JPG
| image_upright = 1.3
| alt =
| caption = Bardenhewer (left) with {{ill|Dirk Müller (stockbroker)|de|Dirk Müller (Börsenmakler)|lt=Dirk Müller}}, 20 March 2012
| birth_name = Joseph Werner Bardenhewer
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1929|01|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Arnsberg]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany
| occupation = Catholic priest
| education =
| organizations = {{Plainlist|
* [[St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden]]
* [[Eibingen Abbey]]
* africa action / Deutschland
}}
}}
'''Werner Bardenhewer''' (born 30 January 1929) is a German [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] priest. He was from 1974 to 1996 [[Dean (Christianity)|Dean]] of [[Wiesbaden]], the state capital of Hesse, at the central parish [[St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden|St. Bonifatius]]. He then served for two years at the [[Eibingen Abbey]] founded by [[Hildegard of Bingen]]. In 1999, he founded the Wiesbaden chapter of the charity organisation africa action, which provides help in health care and education in countries of the [[Sahel]] region. He is active as a priest, and has traveled to West Africa to contact the partner organization. He received [[Burkina Faso]]'s highest national award in 2016.

== Life ==
Born Joseph Werner Bardenhewer<ref name="Mali" /> in [[Arnsberg]],<ref name="Dahlhoff" /> Bardenhewer moved with his family to Wiesbaden in 1937.<ref name="Dahlhoff" /> He was ordained a priest on 8 December 1955.<ref name="Dahlhoff" />

His first position was as ''Kaplan'' (assisting priest) in [[Nauort]] from 1 January 1956.<ref name="Dahlhoff" /> In mid-1959, he was called to the administration of the [[Diocese of Limburg]] by Alexander Stein, to serve as the ''Diözesansekretär'' of the ''Sozialreferat'' (department for social affairs). From 1962, he was priest for the ''Berufsschule'' in [[Wiesbaden]]. From 1967, he was vicar of the Wiesbaden parish St. Andreas, and became its parish priest on 1 November 1968. Simultaneously, he was [[Dean (Christianity)|dean]] of the section Wiesbaden-Mitte from 1971 to 1974.<ref name="Dahlhoff" />

Bardenhewer was parish priest of Wiesbaden central Catholic parish [[St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden]] from 16. Juni 1974 until his retirement on 31. Januar 1996. The officeholder has traditionally also been dean of Wiesbaden. His focus was social work both in the parish and beyond, the deepening of faith in services and especially a 1992 action "Aufbruch '92", and spiritual communication in several groups in the parish.<ref name="Dahlhoff" /> After his retirement at age 67, Bardenhewer served for two years as ''Spiritual'', the priest of [[Eibingen Abbey]] in Rüdesheim, which Hildegard of Bingen had founded.<ref name="Dahlhoff" />

[[File:AaD Wieczorek-Zeul 20110815.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Bardenhewer (fourth from right) between Bishop Ambroise from [[Maradi, Niger]], and [[Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul]] with members of the board of the africa action in Wiesbaden in 2011]]

After his return to Wiesbaden, he founded in 1999 a charity organisation, the ''Freundeskreis Wiesbaden'' or Wiesbaden group of the {{ill|africa action / Deutschland|de}} which supports health care, especially fighting blindness, and education in the countries of the [[Sahel]].<ref name="Dahlhoff" /><ref name="Diocese" /> The initiative came from a prisoner sentenced for life whom Bardenhewer cared for. The man had seen on TV that in Africa, eye surgery for only DM 30 (US$ 15) could help a blind patient to see. With the help of the [[Caritas Internationalis|Caritas]], Bardenhewer connected the group in Wiesbaden to the existing ghana action. The Wiesbaden group made the building of five eye clinics in [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] und [[Niger]] possible, and enabled young people to study [[ophthalmology]] or train to be opticians.<ref name="Hollingshaus" /> The fifth clinic in [[Mopti]], Mali, was named after Bardenhewer in 2011, "Centre ophtalmologique Père Joseph Werner Bardenhewer".<ref name="Mali" /><ref name="Gerber" /> He published a book by the cardinal of Burkina Faso, [[Philippe Ouédraogo (cardinal)|Philippe Ouédraogo]], translated into German as ''Allein for Gott'' (Only for God) by Stefanie Götzmann in 2018.<ref name="Echter" />

Bardenhewer traveled to West Africa, seeking direct contact with the institutions there, such as in 2018 to Burkina Faso.<ref name="Travers" /> He is known there as Père Joseph.<ref name="Grella" /> A street in the capital Ouagadougou was named after Wiesbaden to honour the help from the Wiesbaden group.<ref name="Hollingshaus" /> In 2016, Bardenhewer was awarded the highest award of Burkina Faso, Knight of the country's National Order.<ref name="Grella" />

== References ==
{{reflist
| refs =

<ref name="Dahlhoff">{{cite web
| last = Dahlhoff
| first = Benjamin
| url = https://www.bonifatius-wiesbaden.de/aktuelles/nachrichten/2015/12/8/pfarrer-i-r-werner-bardenhewer
| title = Pfarrer i. R. Werner Bardenhewer
| publisher = St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden
| date = 8 December 2015
| language = German
| accessdate = 16 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Gerber">{{cite news
| last = Gerber
| first = Manfred
| url = http://www.genios.de/presse-archiv/artikel/WITA/20110218/bardenhewer-als-namensgeber-afrikah/27484050001297983600.html
| title = Bardenhewer als Namensgeber - Afrikahilfe Augenklinik in Mali nach dem früheren Stadtdekan benannt
| newspaper = [[Wiesbadener Tagblatt]]
| date = 18 February 2011
| language = German
| accessdate = 16 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Grella">{{cite news
| last = Grella
| first = Peter
| url = http://www.africa-action.de/pdf/WK-Ehrung-2016-02-27.pdf
| title = "Père Joseph ist ein Täumer" / Die Republik Burkina Faso verleiht dem früheren Stadtdekan Werner Bardenhewer die höchste Auszeichnung des Landes
| newspaper = [[Wiesbadener Kurier]]
| date = 27 February 2016
| language = German
| accessdate = 17 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Hollingshaus">{{cite news
| last = Hollingshaus
| first = Anke
| url = https://www.wiesbadener-kurier.de/lokales/wiesbaden/nachrichten-wiesbaden/hilfe-fur-blinde-fruherer-wiesbadener-stadtdekan-werner-bardenhewer-besucht-mit-delegation-burkino-faso_17687615
| title = Hilfe für Blinde: Früherer Wiesbadener Stadtdekan Werner Bardenhewer besucht mit Delegation Burkino Faso
| newspaper = [[Wiesbadener Kurier]]
| date = January 2018
| language = German
| accessdate = 16 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Travers">{{cite web
| last = Travers
| first = Thérèse
| url = http://www.africa-action.de/pdf/africa-action-Projektreise-nach-Burkina-Faso-2018-01.pdf
| title = Bericht über die Reise nach Burkina Faso / Januar 2018
| publisher = africa action /Deutschland
| date = January 2018
| language = German
| accessdate = 16 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Diocese">{{cite web
| url = https://wiesbaden.bistumlimburg.de/beitrag/pfarrer-bardenhewer-wird-90/
| title = Pfarrer Bardenhewer wird 90
| publisher = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg|Diocese of Limburg]]
| date = 9 January 2019
| language = German
| accessdate = 16 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Echter">{{cite web
| url = http://www.hr-online.de/website/rubriken/nachrichten/indexhessen34938.jsp?rubrik=84175&key=standard_document_49921491
| title = Allein für Gott
| publisher = Echter
| year = 2018
| language = German
| accessdate = 17 January 2019
}}</ref>

<ref name="Mali">{{cite web
| url = http://malijet.com/mobile/actualite-politique-au-mali/38965-le-candidat-soumaila-cisse-apres-la-conference-regionale-de-l-ur.html
| title = Le candidat Soumaïla Cissé après la conférence régionale de l'URD à Tominian : "Nous devons respecter nos institutions malgré les difficultés du moment ..."
| website = malijet.com
| year = 15 February 2012
| language = French
| accessdate = 17 January 2019
}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* [https://wiesbaden.bistumlimburg.de/beitrag/sechzig-jahre-priester/ Sechzig Jahre Priester] (in German) Diocese of Limburg
* [https://blindenwerk.de/all-project-list/africa-action-mali/ Mali / africa action] Deutsche Katholisches Blindenwerk
* [http://www.assistance-humanitaire.de/profil_fr.html Assistance Humanitaire Burkina] assistance-humanitaire.de

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Germany}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bardenhewer, Werner}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:People from Arnsberg]]

Benutzer:Macfx23/Entwurf Jan Lewan

2019-01-04T00:52:35Z

JoeHebda: /* Category */ additional; rm cat.notice; add auth.control

{{for|people who share this surname|Lewandowski}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jan Lewan
| image = The King of Polka - Sundance Festival cropped.jpg
| image_size = 150
| caption = Lewan at [[Sundance Film Festival]] in 2017
| birth_name = Jan Lewandowski
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1941}}
| birth_place = [[Bydgoszcz]], [[Poland]]
| nationality = Polish, American
| other_names = Polka King, Dowski
| known_for =
| occupation = Songwriter,
Polka band leader and Tour Guide
| children = Daniel Lewandowski
| criminal_charge = [[Fraud]]
}}
'''Jan Lewandowski''' ({{IPA-pl|lɛvanˈdɔfskʲi}}; born 1941 in [[Bydgoszcz]], [[Poland]]) known professionally as '''Jan Lewan,''' is a Polish-American songwriter and [[polka]] band leader. Lewan's financial crimes were described by ''[[The Morning Call]]'' as a "classic [[Ponzi scheme]]".<ref name="morningcall"/>

Lewan's life has been depicted in multiple films, first in the 2007 TV [[documentary]] ''Mystery of the Polka King'', the 2009 documentary film ''The Man Who Would Be Polka King'', and the 2017 American comedy film ''[[The Polka King]]'', in which Lewandowski is portrayed by [[Jack Black]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcall.com/entertainment/movies/mc-nws-polka-king-netflix-movie-20180101-story.html|title=Polka, Ponzi and prison: Jack Black stars in Netflix film about Hazleton's Jan Lewan|last=|first=|date=11 January 2018|work=The Morning Call|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=13 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://moviepilot.com/posts/4544137 | title = How 'The Polka King' Turns A Real-Life Con Artist Into One Of Jack Black's Most Endearing Roles | date = 9 January 2018 | accessdate = 13 January 2018 | work = MoviePilot.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Patten|first1=Dominic|url=http://deadline.com/2016/12/sundance-2017-premieres-midnight-special-events-robert-redford-rashida-jones-1201864406/|title=Sundance 2017: Robert Redford, New Rashida Jones Netflix Series, ‘Rebel In The Rye’ & More On Premiere, Docu, Midnight & Kids Slates|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> which was released on [[Netflix]] on January 12, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://screencrush.com/new-on-netflix-january-2018/|title=January premieres on Netflix|work=Screencrush|access-date=2017-12-13|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Information on Lewan's early life is found primarily on his official website, which states that Lewan was born in [[Bydgoszcz]] in northern [[Poland]] in 1941 during the [[German Reich|German]] occupation of the country during [[World War II]].<ref name="OfficialAbout">{{cite web|last=Lewan|first=Jan|title=About me - Jan Lewan Lewandowski - Official website|url=http://www.janlewandowski.com/about-me/|accessdate=January 21, 2018|work=About me|date=}}</ref> As a young child Lewan loved music and enrolled in Conservatory of Music in [[Gdansk]]. He also sang in an [[opera]]. Lewan served in the [[Polish Armed Forces|Central Polish Army]] for several years as all young men in Poland were obliged to do at the time. Lewan played in music halls across Poland and Northern Europe including the [[National Philharmonic in Warsaw]].<ref name="OfficialAbout"/> When Lewan came to the United States he later met his first wife Rhonda Lewan during a telethon and wed later on, and in 2011 officially divorced. Rhonda Lewan then married Steve Saive.

== Career ==
After his career in Europe, Lewan moved to the [[United States]] via [[Canada]]. He settled in Northeastern [[Pennsylvania]] where he continued his polka career. He was a main part in the foundation of ''Pennsylvania Polka'' on [[Pennsylvania Cable Network|PCN]]. During this time Lewan toured frequently. Notable tours were to [[Poland]], [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], [[England]], [[Israel]], [[Russia]], [[Greece]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ukraine]].

He created a polka oriented orchestra and recorded several albums. Lewan's self titled album, ''Jan Lewan And His Orchestra'', was nominated for a Grammy in 1995. Lewan went on to perform even bigger polka shows in the prestigious Las Vegas Hilton Showroom, Las Vegas Sands Convention Center, and Atlantic City's [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino]], [[Atlantis Hotel and Casino]], and Trump Castle Hotel Casino.

Lewan's legacy was the focal point of the 2007 TV documentary ''Mystery of Polka King'', its 2009 documentary film follow up ''The Man Who Would Be Polka King'', as well as the 2017 comedy film ''The Polka King'' in which Lewan is portrayed by [[Jack Black]].<ref name="Mar2016D">{{cite news|last1=Jaafar|first1=Ali|title=Jack Black To Star In And Produce Jan Lewan Biopic ‘The Man Who Would Be Polka King’|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/jack-black-polka-king-jan-lewan-ben-stiller-ponzi-red-hour-1201717756/|accessdate=September 17, 2016|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 10, 2016}}</ref>

== Legal issues ==
Lewan owned and operated a gift store in [[Hazleton, Pennsylvania]]. When he would tour back in Poland, he would bring back jewelry and other goods to sell in the store. To support the store, he also sold shares in the business and promised returns of 12 percent and 20 percent to investors, many of whom had traveled with him. The state of Pennsylvania warned him to stop selling securities, but he continued. In 2004 Lewan was arrested for [[defrauding]] some 400 people in 22 states of millions of dollars. Lewan was sentenced to five years and 11 months imprisonment by a federal court judge as well as a seven year sentence in New Jersey, which were served concurrently.<ref name = morningcall>{{cite web|url=http://articles.mcall.com/2004-10-15/news/3577152_1_bethlehem-s-musikfest-polka-lovers-lewan|title=Polka king's scamming ways get him jail time|date=2004-10-15|publisher=[[The Morning Call]]|access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref> Lewan was prosecuted by the New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice. The case was handled by Deputy Attorney General Francine Pozner-Ehrenberg. Lewan was sentenced by the Mercer County Superior Court on Money Laundering and Securities Fraud charges.

While in prison in Delaware in 2004, Lewan was [[stabbed]] in the [[neck]] by a cellmate. He was taken to a nearby hospital and was released back to prison several days later. The perpetrator of the stabbing had 15 years added to his sentence.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Lewan was released from prison in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Filming for ‘The Polka King’ gets started {{!}} The Valley Breeze|url=http://www.valleybreeze.com/2016-07-19/pawtucket/filming-polka-king-gets-started#.V90SkPl94dU|accessdate=September 17, 2016|work=www.valleybreeze.com|date=July 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Andy|title=Shooting in Cranston, Jack Black movie looking for extras|url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20160719/shooting-in-cranston-jack-black-movie-looking-for-extras|accessdate=September 17, 2016|work=The Providence Journal|date=July 19, 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
=== List of awards nominations ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Result
! Ref(s)
|-
| [[37th Grammy Awards|1995]]
| [[Grammy Award for Best Polka Album]]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/jan-lewan | title = Jan Lewan Grammy nominations and bio | work = Grammy.com | accessdate = 13 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Vehicle accident ==
On January 26, 2001, Lewan's tour bus wrecked en route to Florida for six shows. Two of his musicians were killed, he was injured and his son Daniel suffered critical injuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cosmopolitanreview.com/jan-lewan/|title=When an American Dream Turns into an American Tragedy… Jan Lewan strives for redemption|website=cosmopolitanreview.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-24}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.janlewandowski.com Official website]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewan, Jan}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bydgoszcz]]
[[Category:Polish emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Finance fraud]]
[[Category:Polka musicians]]
[[Category:Pyramid and Ponzi schemes]]

Giorgio Bolognetti

2018-12-08T16:55:26Z

JoeHebda: Update: rm stub notices

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = Most Reverend
| name = Giorgio Bolognetti
| title = Bishop Emeritus of Rieti
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese =
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rieti|Diocese of Rieti]]
| see =
| term = 1639–1660
| predecessor = [[Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno]]
| successor = [[Odoardo Vecchiarelli]]

| ordination =
| ordained_by =
| consecration = 7 October 1630
| consecrated_by = [[Luigi Caetani]]
| cardinal =
| rank =

| birth_date = 22 December 1595
| birth_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| death_date = 17 January 1680 (age 84)
| death_place =
| previous_post = [[Bishop of Ascoli Satriano]] (1630–1631)<br> [[Apostolic Nuncio to Florence]] (1631–1634)<br> [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] (1634–1639),
| nationality = Italian
}}

'''Giorgio Bolognetti''' or '''Gregorio Bolognetti''' (22 December 1595 – 17 January 1680) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as [[Bishop of Rieti]] (1639–1660), [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]] (1634–1639), [[Apostolic Nuncio to Florence]] (1631–1634), [[Bishop of Ascoli Satriano]] (1630–1631).<ref name=HierarchiaIV>{{cite book|url=http://sul-derivatives.stanford.edu/derivative?CSNID=00002719&mediaType=application/pdf|last1=Gauchat|first1=Patritius (Patrice)|title=HIERARCHIA CATHOLICA MEDII ET RECENTIORIS AEVI Vol IV|pages=96 and 293|publisher=|date=|ISBN=}}</ref>

==Biography==
Giorgio Bolognetti was born in [[Rome]], [[Italy]] on 22 December 1595.<ref name=CathHierGioBolo>{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Bishop Giorgio (Gregorio) Bolognetti |publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbologng.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref>
<ref name=GCathGioBolo>{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|authorlink=|title=Bishop Gregorio Bolognetti |publisher=''[[GCatholic.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/riet0.htm#38284|accessdate=June 16, 2018}} [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref>
On 23 September 1630, he was appointed during the papacy of [[Pope Urban VIII]] as [[Bishop of Ascoli Satriano]].<ref name=HierarchiaIV /><ref name=CathHierGioBolo />
On 7 October 1630, he was consecrated bishop by [[Luigi Caetani]], [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Santa Pudenziana]], with [[Antonio Ricciulli]], [[Bishop of Belcastro|Bishop Emeritus of Belcastro]], and [[Benedetto Landi]], [[Bishop of Fossombrone]], serving as co-consecrators.<ref name=CathHierGioBolo />
On 8 November 1631, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as [[Apostolic Nuncio to Florence]].<ref name=CathHierGioBolo />
On 26 March 1634, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]].<ref name=CathHierGioBolo />
On 28 February 1639, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as [[Bishop of Rieti]].<ref name=HierarchiaIV /><ref name=CathHierGioBolo />
He served as Bishop of Rieti until his resignation in 1660.<ref name=CathHierGioBolo /> He died on 17 January 1680.<ref name=CathHierGioBolo />

==Episcopal succession==
While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:<ref name=CathHierGioBolo />
*[[Scipione Pannocchieschi d'Elci]], [[Bishop of Pienza]] (1631); and
*[[Christophoro d'Authier de Sisgau]], [[Titular Bishop]] of ''Bethlehem'' (1651).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links and additional sources==
*{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Diocese of Cerignola-Ascoli Satriano|publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dceas.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
*{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|authorlink=|title=Diocese of Ascoli Satriano (Italy) |publisher=''[[GCatholic.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/asco1.htm |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
*{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Nunciature to Florence (Tuscany) |publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dx960.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
*{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Nunciature to France |publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dxxfr.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
*{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|authorlink=|title=Apostolic Nunciature France|publisher=''[[GCatholic.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/nunciature/nunc054.htm |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
*{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Diocese of Rieti (-S. Salvatore Maggiore) |publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/driet.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
*{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|authorlink=|title=Diocese of Rieti (Italy)|publisher=''[[GCatholic.org]]''|date=|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/riet0.htm |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Ascoli Satriano]]
| years = 1630–1631
| before = [[Francesco Andrea Gelsomini]]
| after = [[Michael Rezzi]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Apostolic Nuncio to Florence]]
| years = 1631–1634
| before = [[Alfonso Giglioli]]
| after = [[Giovanni Francesco Passionei]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Apostolic Nuncio to France]]
| years = 1634–1639
| before = [[Alessandro Bichi]]
| after = [[Ranuccio Scotti Douglas]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Rieti]]
| years = 1639–1680
| before = [[Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno]]
| after = [[Odoardo Vecchiarelli]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy |portal4= France}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolognetti, Giorgio}}
[[Category:17th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Urban VIII]]
[[Category:1595 births]]
[[Category:1680 deaths]]

Giovanni Battista Agucchi

2018-10-20T20:21:14Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
[[File:Domenichino - Portrait of Monsignor Giovanni Battista Agucchi - YORAG 787.jpg|thumb|300px|Portrait of Agucchi by his friend [[Annibale Carracci]], 1615–1620, [[York Art Gallery]]]]
'''Giovanni Battista Agucchi''' (20 November 1570, [[Bologna]] – 1 January 1632) was an Italian churchman, Papal diplomat and writer on [[art theory]]. He was the nephew and brother of cardinals, and might have been one himself if he had lived longer. He served as secretary to the [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Papal Secretary of State]], then the Pope himself, on whose death Agucchi was made a titular bishop and appointed as nuncio to Venice. He was an important figure in Roman art circles when he was in the city, promoting fellow-Bolognese artists, and was close to [[Domenichino]] in particular. As an art theorist he was rediscovered in the 20th century as having first expressed many of the views better known from the writings of [[Gian Pietro Bellori]] a generation later. He was also an amateur astronomer who corresponded with [[Galileo]].

==Career==
[[File:Domenichino - Portrait of Cardinal Agucchi - WGA06384.jpg|thumb|left|[[Domenichino]], Portrait of Cardinal [[Girolamo Agucchi]], older brother of Giovanni Battista, 1604–05]]
Agucchi came from a noble family of Bologna, where he was born. He began his career in 1580–82 assisting his much older brother [[Girolamo Agucchi]] (1555–1605), later briefly a cardinal from 1604–1605, who was governor of [[Faenza]] in the [[Papal States]], then studied at Bologna and Rome. He was made a canon of [[Piacenza Cathedral]], then from 1591 worked for his uncle Cardinal [[Filippo Sega]], an important diplomat for the Papacy, accompanying him when Sega was papal [[nuncio]] (ambassador) to France, then returning with him to Rome in 1594, and continuing in his service until Sega's death in 1596.<ref name="zapperi">Zapperi</ref><ref name="young">Young</ref>

He then followed his brother Girolamo into the service of Cardinal [[Pietro Aldobrandini]], Papal Secretary of State, whose secretary was Girolamo. Aldobrandini was the nephew of [[Pope Clement VIII]] (r. 1592–1605). Agucchi accompanied Aldobrandini on his embassies to Florence and France, the latter to negotiate the [[Treaty of Lyon (1601)]] and the marriage of [[Henry IV of France]], then in 1604 to [[Ravenna]], where Aldobrandini had been made archbishop, with a trip to [[Ferrara]] in the same year. The death of Pope [[Leo XI]] and his replacement by [[Pope Paul V]] in 1605 meant the loss of papal favour for both men, and Agucchi was able to spend most of his time on his personal interests until 1615, when Aldobrandini returned to favour and office.<ref name="zapperi">Zapperi</ref><ref name="young">Young</ref> He was also a protege of the art-loving Cardinal [[Odoardo Farnese (cardinal)|Odoardo Farnese]], acting as his secretary.

Aldobrandini died in 1621 and Agucchi became secretary (''Segretario dei Brevi'') to the new [[Pope Gregory XV]], also from Bologna, the same year.<ref>Ginzburg, 5; Young; Zapperi</ref> Gregory died in 1623 and the same year his successor [[Urban VIII]] made Agucchi [[Bishop of Amasea]] ''in partibus infidelis'' (a [[titular see|titular role]], since [[Amasya|Amasea]] is in Eastern [[Turkey]]), and appointed him as [[Apostolic nuncio]] to the [[Republic of Venice]]. Venetian politics were at this period highly polarized between pro- and anti-papal factions, and Agucchi's period largely coincided with the unstable reign of Doge [[Giovanni I Cornaro]], (r. 1625–29) whose election Agucchi had striven for, but whose reign was something of a disaster. Agucchi left Venice in 1630 to avoid the plague, and died the following year in the [[Castello San Salvatore]] at [[Susegana]], after a period in [[Oderzo]].<ref name="zapperi"/><ref name="young"/>

==In the art world==
[[File:Annibale Carracci - The Cyclops Polyphemus - WGA04461.jpg|thumb|left|[[Annibale Carracci]], the Cyclops Polyphemus in his frescos for the [[Palazzo Farnese]]]]
Agucchi was a cultivated intellectual, and the friend of many artists, playing a significant role in introducing [[Bolognese School (painting)|painters from his native Bologna]] to patrons in the [[Roman Curia]]. He was "an assiduous correspondent on his own and others behalf", and many unpublished letters survive, as well as those quoted by [[Carlo Cesare Malvasia]] in his works.<ref>Ginzburg, 6, 8 n. 30</ref> He frequently crops up in discussion of Roman commissions of the period, for example suggesting [[Ludovico Carracci]] to the authorities for an altarpiece in [[Saint Peter's, Rome]], though without success. [[Annibale Carracci]] had his own recommendation to Cardinal Odoardo Farnese from the cardinal's brother [[Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma]], but became a friend of Agucchi in Rome, and is held up as a model in his writings, which also contain important biographical information on the Carracci.<ref>Young; Zapperi; Wittkower, 38–39</ref> Agucchi may have advised Carracci on the complicated and learned mythological [[iconography]] in his frescos of ''[[The Loves of the Gods (Carracci)|The Loves of the Gods]]'' for the cardinal's [[Palazzo Farnese]], the dazzling scheme that was Carracci's first commission in Rome, and remains a landmark work for the Roman Baroque.<ref>Wittkower, 57, 63 (63–68 on the scheme)</ref> He administered his last [[Holy Communion]] to Annibale before his premature death in 1609, and composed his [[epitaph]] for the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]].<ref>Ginzburg, 8 n. 29</ref>

[[Domenichino]] joined Carracci in his work on the Palazzo Farnese, and Agucchi and his brother introduced him to Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini and the future Gregory XV. Domenichino lived in Agucchi's household for a period from 1603/4 to 1608,<ref>Young; Finaldi and Kitson, 60</ref> and according to [[Bellori]], one of the figures in Domenichino’s fresco ''Meeting of St Nilus and Emperor Otto III'' (c. 1609–10; [[Grottaferrata Abbey]], Cappella dei SS Fondatori) is a portrait of Agucchi.<ref>Young; [[:File:Meeting of St Nilus and Otto III (Domenichino).jpg|Image of the fresco]] – the monk to the right of the cross seems the most like Domenichino's portrait in York, from some five years later</ref>

Cardinals Odoardo Farnese and Pietro Aldobrandini were politically opposed, although less so after a marriage between the two families in 1600,<ref name="Finaldi and Kitson, 38">Finaldi and Kitson, 38</ref> but were the two leading supporters of Bolognese painting in Rome, who between them succeeded in effectively giving the Bolognese "almost a monopoly" of large commissions for palaces in the 1610s. Cardinal Aldobrandini's personal taste was for the Late [[Mannerist]] style of [[Giuseppe Cesari]] (the Cavaliere d'Arpino) and others, and his support of the Bolognese must be largely attributed to Agucchi's advocacy. The cardinal commissioned Domenichino to paint eight frescos with the story of [[Apollo]] for the [[Villa Aldobrandini]] outside Rome in 1616–18; they are now in the [[National Gallery, London]].<ref>Wittkower, 38–39, 80 on Apollo frescos; 39 quoted</ref> Agucchi's elder brother, Cardinal Girolamo, commissioned Domenichino to paint three frescos on the life of [[Saint Jerome]] in the portico of [[Sant'Onofrio (Rome)|Sant'Onofrio]] in Rome, which are still in place. This was in 1604, completed 1605, at the time Domenichino was living with Agucchi.<ref>Finaldi and Kitson, 60</ref> The church also contains Domenichino's portrait of the Agucchis' uncle, Cardinal Sega, on his memorial.

From Annibale Carracci Cardinal Aldobrandini commissioned a set of decorative frescos with religious subjects in landscapes for his palace in Rome, now containing the [[Doria Pamphilj Gallery]] and still in the family, the ''Domine, quo vadis?'' in the National Gallery, London, and a ''Coronation of the Virgin'' bought by the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] from the Mahon collection. By 1603 he owned six works by Carracci, including two of the above.<ref name="Finaldi and Kitson, 38"/> The Bolognese artist [[Guercino]] only spent the years of Gregory XV's papacy in Rome, where his style changed in the direction of classicism. [[Denis Mahon]] suggested that this change was mainly in response to the urgings of Agucchi; like most commentators Mahon thought that the change was on the whole not an improvement.<ref>Finaldi and Kitson, 15–16, 21 n.37, summarizing ''Seicento studies''</ref> Eva-Bettina Krems suggests that Agucchi is a likely candidate for the connection that introduced the Lombard sculptor [[Ippolito Buzzi]] to Cardinal [[Ludovico Ludovisi]], who provided a steady stream of work to him over several years.<ref>Krems</ref>

===Portrait in York===
The fine and intimate portrait in [[York Art Gallery]] (illustrated) had always been attributed to Domenichino until an article in 1994 proposed that it was instead by Annibale Carracci, from around 1603; it was owned by Agucchi until his death.<ref>Ginsburg, throughout, p. 10 on it passing to his niece as heir</ref> When the York gallery was closed for rebuilding in 2014–15 it was loaned to the [[National Gallery, London]], and displayed there .<ref>[http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/annibale-carracci-portrait-of-monsignor-agucchi National Gallery], ''Portrait of Monsignor Agucchi'', 1603-4, Annibale Carracci</ref> Domenichino and Agucchi collaborated on the monument for Girolamo Agucchi in the church of [[San Giacomo Maggiore]] in Bologna, for which there are drawings in the British [[Royal Collection]] (Royal Library, MS. 1742).<ref name="young"/>

==Writings==
[[File:CeciliaAlms.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Domenichino]], ''St. Cecilia Distributing Alms'', fresco, 1612–15, [[San Luigi dei Francesi]], Rome]]
Agucchi's main published writing is a very incomplete but nonetheless significant ''Trattato della pittura'' ("Treatise on painting"), probably written in 1615, whose manuscript is in the library of the [[University of Bologna]] (MS. 245), who also have an unpublished Latin biography of his brother ''Vita Hieronymi Agucchi'' (MS 75). The ''Trattato'' was published posthumously in Rome in 1646, using the pseudonym Gratiadio Machati, which Agucchi had used in his lifetime (a convention for a cleric writing on secular matters). It was included in the preface by G. A. Mosini, the pseudonym of Giovanni Antonio Massani, to a collection of prints after Annibale Carracci called ''Diverse figure al numero di ottanta'' ("Eighty different figures"). There is an English translation by [[Denis Mahon]] (1947), who did much to stimulate interest in Agucchi as a theorist who had been previously overlooked.<ref name="young"/><ref>translation and edition by Denis Mahon in his ''Studies in Seicento Art and Theory'' (London, 1947); on Mahon, see Finaldi and Kitson, 15–16, and [https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm9gs8mXwOUC&pg=PA2&dq=Giovanni+Battista+Agucchi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZDUoUYv-BJKY0QWew4DwAw&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Giovanni%20Battista%20Agucchi&f=false]. There is a long extract, with an introduction [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBYnVv2lKY4C&pg=PA29&dq=Peiraikos&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Y-MuUc2JO6bN0QWExYCADA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=Peiraikos&f=false here, pp. 24–30]</ref>

The ''Trattato'' "is a lively document on official Roman art circles during the years 1607–15 and concentrates specifically on exalting the ''idea della bellezza'', which Agucchi identifies particularly in ancient sculpture."<ref name="young"/> The work shows signs of having been influenced by discussions with Domenichino, reflecting a division of national and regional schools of painting that the latter claimed as his own in a letter, and is essentially that used until the 20th century, distinguishing in Italy the Roman, Venetian, Lombard, and Tuscan (Florentine and Sienese) schools. It has been suggested that the ''Trattato'' may have been in effect a collaboration, with the polished prose of Agucchi writing up Domenichino's thoughts, although this is mostly thought not to be the case.<ref>Zirpolo, 47–48; Finaldi and Kitson, 15–16</ref>

Agucchi drew from [[Neoplatonist]] thought, in which "nature is the imperfect reflection of the divine, and the artist must improve upon it to achieve beauty", a view already conventional in the previous century.<ref name="zirpolo-47">Zirpolo, 47</ref> He held up classical sculpture, [[Raphael]] and [[Michelangelo]] as models, who had observed from "nature" but selected and idealized what they depicted, and deprecated the [[Mannerists]]. Annibale Caracci in particular had rescued art from their artificiality, returning to depicting improved nature. The [[naturalism (visual art)|naturalism]] of [[Caravaggio]] and his followers was also deplored.<ref>Zirpolo, 47–48; Young</ref>

The period was generally lacking in writing on art theory, apart from the series of lectures for the [[Accademia di San Luca]] by [[Federico Zuccari]], its first president. These were published as ''L'idea de' Pittori, Scultori, ed Architetti'' (1607), and have been called "the swan song of the subjective mysticism of Mannerist theory". The lectures themselves were abandoned when the first were received with hostility by the Bolognese and [[Caravaggisti]] alike. The ''Idea'' may have provoked Agucchi into beginning his own work. Despite its delayed and obscure publication, Agucchi's ideas represent the earliest exposition of "the classical-idealist theory" that was to be dominant in most of the Roman art world in the 17th century.<ref>Wittkower, 39 (quoted, "swan song" quote is by R. Lee), 266</ref>

The younger [[antiquary]] [[Francesco Angeloni]], was a close friend who had also worked for the Aldobrandini, in his case Pope Clement VIII, and owned at least a copy of the York portrait.<ref>Fletcher, 666 and note 19; also Ginzburg, 10–11, complicating matters</ref> Angeloni raised his nephew Gian Pietro Bellori (1613–1696), introducing him to Agucchi and the Bolognese artists in Rome. Bellori was to follow many of Agucchi's ideas in his own very influential writings on art.<ref>Young; Zirpolo, 48</ref>

Silvia Ginzburg has pointed out that an earlier piece by Agucchi, ''Descrizione della Venere dormiente di Annibale Carrazzi'' ("Description of Annibale Carracci's ''[[Sleeping Venus (Carracci)|Sleeping Venus]]''"), written around 1603 but not published until 1678, shows rather different attitudes to painting, appreciating the rapidity of Carracci's style and his ability to paint without first drawing – neither qualities the ''Trattato'' approves of. She suggests that reaction to the style of Caravaggio accounts for the change, which may also be referred to in a letter by Agucchi of 1603.<ref>Ginzburg, 8–10</ref>

Agucchi was also interested in [[astronomy]] and mathematics, and a member of the [[Accademia dei Gelati]] of Bologna. He had a long correspondence with [[Galileo Galilei]] in 1611–13, including passing on the data from his own astronomical observations, and lectured on the [[satellites of Jupiter]] in 1611; Galileo had made the first recorded observations of these in 1609.<ref>Young; Zirpolo, 47</ref><ref name=Galileo89>{{cite book|author=Galilei, Galileo|title=Sidereus Nuncius|editor=Translated and prefaced by Albert Van Helden|location=Chicago & London|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=1989|pages=14–16|isbn=0-226-27903-0}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
*[[Gabriele Finaldi|Finaldi, Gabriele]] and [[Michael Kitson|Kitson, Michael]], ''Discovering the Italian Baroque: the Denis Mahon Collection'', 1997, National Gallery Publications, London/Yale UP, {{ISBN|1-85709-177-9}}
*Fletcher, J.M., "Francesco Angeloni and Annibale Carracci's 'Silenus Gathering Grapes'", ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'', Vol. 116, No. 860 (Nov., 1974), pp. 664–666, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/877872 JSTOR]
*Ginzburg, Sylvia, "The Portrait of Agucchi at York Reconsidered", ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'', Vol. 136, No. 1090 (Jan., 1994), pp. 4–14, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/885693 JSTOR]
*Krems, Eva-Bettina, "Die 'magnifica modestia' der Ludovisi auf dem Monte Pincio in Rom. Von der Hermathena zu Berninis Marmorbüste Gregors XV"''Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft'' '''29'''(2002), pp. 105–163.
*[[Rudolf Wittkower|Wittkower, Rudolf]], ''Art and Architecture in Italy, 1600–1750'', Penguin/Yale History of Art, 3rd edition, 1973, {{ISBN|0-14-056116-1}}
*Young, Peter Boutourline, "Agucchi, Giovanni Battista" in [[Grove Art Online]], Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, accessed 22 February 2013, [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T001189 subscriber link]
* Zapperi, Roberto, "AGUCCHI (Agocchi, Agucchia, Dalle Agocchie), Giovanni Battista" in [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-battista-agucchi_%28Dizionario_Biografico%29/ Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani], Volume 1 (1960, in Italian)
* Zirpolo, Lilian H., ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tm4qUqU_EhgC&pg=PA47&dq=Giovanni+Battista+Agucchi&hl=en ''Historical Dictionary of Baroque Art and Architecture''], "Agucchi, Giovanni Battista"

==Further reading==
*[[Denis Mahon|Mahon, Denis]], ''Studies in Seicento Art and Theory'' (London, 1947)
* Land, Norman, "The Anecdotes of G. B. Agucchi and the Limitations of Language," ''Word & Image'' 22, 1 (January–March, 2006), pp. 77 – 82.

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[[Category:Italian titular bishops]]
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[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to the Republic of Venice]]
[[Category:Baroque painting]]
[[Category:Italian astronomers]]
[[Category:Italian art critics]]
[[Category:Collections of York Art Gallery]]

Cristoforo Widmann

2018-10-04T13:18:08Z

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[[File:Cardinalwidmann.jpg|thumb|Cardinal Cristoforo Vidman]]
'''Cristoforo Vidman''' (1617 - 30 September 1660) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Catholicism|Catholic]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of German descent.

==Early life==

Vidman was born in 1617 in [[Venice]], though his family were originally from [[Germany]]; his father was Giovanni Vidman, [[Count]] of [[Ortenburg (Bavaria)|Ortenburg]].<ref name=miranda>[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1647.htm#Vidman S. Miranda:] Cristoforo Vidman</ref> He was educated in Venice and obtained a [[doctorate]] in [[utroque iure]], both [[canon law|canon]] and [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]].

His family were considered [[Nobility of Italy|Venetian nobility]], having purchased titles and positions from the city of Venice which was keen to raise money to fund their role in the [[Thirty Years' War]].

==Ecclesiastic career==

During the reign of [[Pope Urban VIII]], Vidman became [[cleric]] of the [[Apostolic Chamber]] and later its [[auditor]], having purchased both positions in an effort to establish himself in [[Rome]].<ref name=bargrave>''Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals'' by [[John Bargrave]], edited by [[James Craigie Robertson]] (reprint; 2009)</ref>

According to contemporary [[John Bargrave]], it was tradition for new [[pope]]s to retire those who purchased senior clerical positions by elevating them to cardinal. So it was, when [[Pope Innocent X]] was elected at the [[papal conclave, 1644|papal conclave of 1644]], that Vidman was relieved of his positions to allow the new pope to sell them to prospective young clerks.<ref name=bargrave/> Vidman, then, was elevated to cardinal in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 7 October 1647 by [[Pope Innocent X]] and was installed as [[cardinal-deacon]] at the Church of [[Santi Nereo e Achilleo]].

Despite his elevation to cardinal, he and his brother, now a [[count]], still delighted, "in gaming, feasting, comedies, and the company of women".<ref name=bargrave/>

He was appointed as [[Papal legate|legate]] in [[Urbino]] in 1651 and participated in the [[papal conclave, 1655|papal conclave of 1655]] which elected [[Pope Alexander VII]]. He was appointed [[cardinal-priest]] of the titular Church of [[San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, Rome|S. Marco]] in 1658.<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bvidman.html Catholic Hierarchy:] Cristoforo ''Cardinal'' Vidman</ref>

Vidman died on 30 September 1660 at the Church of [[San Martino al Cimino]] in [[Viterbo]] and his remains were transferred to Rome.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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Filippo Sega

2018-09-14T13:34:21Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar

{{one source|date=February 2017}}
[[Image:Filippo Sega.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Filippo Sega]]
'''Filippo Sega''' (22 August 1537 – 29 May 1596) was a [[Catholic church|Catholic]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] from 1575 to 1596 and a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] from 1591 to 1596.

==Biography==

Sega was born in [[Bologna]] on August 22, 1537, the son of a [[Nobility|noble]] family originally from [[Ravenna]].<ref name="bare_url">[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1591-ii.htm#Sega Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]</ref> His sister, born Isabella Sega, was the mother of Cardinal [[Girolamo Agucchi]] and the diplomat Bishop [[Giovanni Battista Agucchi]],<ref name="bare_url" /> who worked under Sega at the start of his career.

He was educated at the [[University of Bologna]], where he became a [[doctor of both laws]] on September 26, 1560.<ref name="bare_url" />

After completing his doctorate, he became a [[protonotary apostolic]].<ref name="bare_url" /> He was named governor of [[Cesena]] on September 20, 1566; governor of [[Forlì]] on January 24, 1569; governor of [[Imola]] on March 3, 1571; of [[Romagna]] on December 15, 1572; and of the [[March of Ancona]] on January 1, 1575.<ref name="bare_url" />

On May 20, 1575, the [[cathedral chapter]] of [[Ripatransone]] elected him to be [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto-Ripatransone-Montalto|Bishop of Ripatransone]].<ref name="bare_url" /> He was [[consecration|consecrated]] as a [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] by [[Gabriele del Monte]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Iesi|Bishop of Iesi]], in [[Osimo Cathedral]] on June 29, 1575.<ref name="bare_url" /> On Oct. 3, 1578, he was appointed [[Bishop of Piacenza]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|authorlink=|title=Filippo ''Cardinal'' Sega |publisher=''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''|date=|url=http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bsega.html |accessdate=June 16, 2018}} [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]</ref>

In 1577, he was sent as a special envoy to [[John of Austria]] in the [[County of Flanders]].<ref name="bare_url" /> He served as extraordinary [[nuncio]] to Flanders and [[Apostolic Nuncio to Spain]] from January 18, 1586 until May 28, 1587.<ref name="bare_url" /> In 1589, after the assassination of [[Henry III of France]], he accompanied Cardinal [[Enrico Caetani]], [[papal legate]] ''a latere'', to the [[Kingdom of France]].<ref name="bare_url" />

In the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of December 18, 1591, [[Pope Innocent IX]] named him a [[cardinal priest]].<ref name="bare_url" /> He was the papal legate to France from 1591 to 1594.<ref name="bare_url" /> He did not participate in the [[Papal conclave, 1592|papal conclave of 1592]] that elected [[Pope Clement VIII]].<ref name="bare_url" /> He received the [[Galero|red hat]] and the [[titular church]] of [[Sant'Onofrio (Rome)|Sant'Onofrio]] on December 5, 1594.<ref name="bare_url" /> He became president of the ''[[Congregatio Germanica]]'' in 1595.<ref name="bare_url" />

He died on May 29, 1596 and is buried in the [[Oratory of Santissimo Crocifisso]].<ref name="bare_url" />

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

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[[Category:Italian cardinals]]

Maria de Lourdes Martins Cruz

2018-07-14T12:16:34Z

JoeHebda: Update: rm stub notices

{{EngvarB|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
'''Maria de Lourdes Martins Cruz''' is an East Timorese Roman Catholic nun.

==Biography==
She was born in Asu Manu, [[East Timor]] in 1962. After an education interrupted by the independence struggle, she joined the [[Canossian Daughters of Charity]] as a novice. In 1985 she went to Indonesia to study Theology at the Jesuit Institute in Yogjakarta. In 1989 she returned home to start her own religious order the Brothers and Sisters in Christ. She built a training institute for girls and women in Dare. She has dedicated her life to "changing the plight of the poor by working on the roots of the problems". She became known by the name Mana Lou.<ref>Christalis, Irena. East Timor: A nation’s bitter dawn. Zed Books, London, 2009</ref>

In 1997 she was awarded the [[Pax Christi International]] peace prize for her work on the education, development and dignity of people in poor communities in East Timor.<ref>[http://www.paxchristi.net/international/eng/about_cont.php?wat=awards Pax Christi International]</ref>

Her order runs three orphanages, at [[Dare, East Timor|Dare]], [[Aileu]] and [[Viqueque]]. Sr Lourdes tries to educate the orphans to become independent and eventually self-sufficient. Besides attending the local school in the native language [[Tetum]], the children are taught catechism, as well as agriculture, cooking and such crafts as sewing and embroidering.<ref>[http://www.focolare.org.au/Families/Adoptions.htm East Timor Project] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206123857/http://www.focolare.org.au/Families/Adoptions.htm |date=6 December 2004 }}</ref>

After independence she teamed up with a visiting American doctor, Dan Murphy and together they set up a medical clinic for the poor. From 1999 to 2018 the clinic averaged about 300 patients a day and was one of the busiest clinics in East Timor. It had a pharmacy, laboratory, TB and maternity wards.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/compass/s1379910.htm ABC Compass 29 May 2005]</ref> In 2018 the clinic was about to shut down after funding dried up.<ref>[https://www.ucanews.com/news/timor-lestes-hospital-for-the-poor-in-crisis-as-election-looms/82258 UCANews May 9, 2018]</ref>

In December 2009 she was awarded the [[Sergio Vieira De Mello]] Human Rights Award for promoting social, economic and cultural rights by President [[Jose Ramos-Horta]].<ref>[http://forgottendiaries-east-timor.blogspot.com/2009/12/society-of-peace-also-hr-award-winners.html 10 December 2009]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031016125619/http://www.ease.com/~lourdes/who/index.htm Children of East Timor website]

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[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in East Timor]]
[[Category:East Timorese Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns]]
[[Category:East Timorese expatriates in Indonesia]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Maria de Lourdes Martins Cruz

2018-07-14T12:16:08Z

JoeHebda: /* Biography */ add section title; mv EL after Ref.; add subj.bar, auth.control; mv stubs to bottom

Alessandro Cesarini († 1542)

2018-07-04T12:29:47Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar

{{about||the Italian footballer|Alessandro Cesarini (footballer)|the Italian cardinal (1592–1644)|Alessandro Cesarini (iuniore)}}

[[Image:1517 ALEXANDER DE CAESARINIS - CESARINI ALESSANDRO sr..JPG|thumb|right|200px|Alessandro Cesarini]]
[[Image:Alessandro Cesarini (seniore) COA.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Coat of arms]] of Cardinal Alessandro Cesarini.]]
'''Alessandro Cesarini''' (died February 13, 1542), bishop of [[Pistoia]],<ref>William Roscoe and Thomas Roscoe, ''The Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth'', Vol.2, (Henry G. Bohn, 1846), 78.</ref> was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].

==Life==

Born in [[Rome]], the son of Agabito Cesarini, he became close to the [[House of Medici|Medici family]], particularly Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, the future [[Pope Leo X]]. He was made cardinal deacon on July 1, 1517<ref>Kenneth Gouwens and Sheryl E. Reiss, ''The Pontificate Of Clement VII: History, Politics, Culture'', (Ashgate Publishing Limited, 1988), 276.</ref> and received the deaconry of [[Santi Sergio e Bacco|Sts. Sergius and Bacchus]], opting for the deaconry of [[Santa Maria in Via Lata]] in 1523. He became known for his patronage of writers and artists.

He served as [[apostolic administrator]] of [[Pamplona]], [[Spain]] from 1520 to 1538; that of [[Alessano]], Italy from 1526 to 1531; that of [[Otranto]], Italy from 1526 to 1536; that of [[Gerace]], Italy from 1536 to 1538; that of [[Catanzaro]], Italy briefly in 1536; that of [[Oppido Mamertina]], Italy from 1536 to 1538 (resigning in favor of his natural son, Ascanio Cesarini, who succeeded him in that see from 1538 to 1542); that of Jaën from July 6, 1537 to June 14, 1538;<ref>G. Gulik and C. Eubel, ''Hierarchia catholica'' III editio altera (curavit J. Schmitz-Kallenberg) (Monasterii 1935), p. 203</ref> and that of [[Cuenca, Spain|Cuenca]], Spain from 1538 to his death.

In the [[Sack of Rome (1527)|sack of Rome]] by mutinous troops of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] in 1527, he was one of the cardinals held hostage.<ref>Marino Sanudo, Patricia H. Labalme and Laura Sanguineti White, ''Venice, Cità Excelentissima'', (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 184.</ref>

He participated in the [[conclave]] of [[Papal conclave, 1521–1522|1521–1522]], which elected [[Adrian VI]]; of [[Papal conclave, 1523|1523]], which elected [[Clement VII]]; and of [[Papal conclave, 1534|1534]], which elected [[Paul III]].

He became cardinal bishop and chose the [[Suburbicarian diocese|suburbicarian see]] of [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano|Albano]], Italy in 1540.

He was appointed bishop of [[Palestrina]], Italy in 1541, in which office he died February 13, 1542 in Rome. He was buried in his family’s tomb in the church of [[Santa Maria in Aracoeli]] in Rome.<ref>Salvador Miranda, “The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Biographical Dictionary, Pope Leo X (1513-1521), Consistory of July 1, 1517” (with bibliography) [http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1517-ii.htm]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bcesa.html “Alessandro Cardinal Cesarini (Sr.),” catholic-hierarchy.org]</ref>
{{commonscat|Alessandro Cesarini (seniore)}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santi Sergio e Bacco]]
| years = 1517–1523
| before = [[Giovanni Stefano Ferrero]]
| after = [[Odet de Coligny de Châtillon]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Gerace|Administrator of Gerace]] (1st time)
| years = 1519
| before = [[Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici]]
| after = [[Girolamo Planca]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Pamplona|Administrator of Pamplona]]
| years = 1520–1538
| before = [[Amanieu d'Albret]]
| after = [[Juan Reina]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santa Maria in Via Lata]]
| years = 1523–1540
| before = [[Marco Cornaro (cardinal)|Marco Cornaro]]
| after = [[Niccolò Ridolfi]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Otranto|Administrator of Otranto]]
| years = 1526–1536
| before = [[Fabrizio Di Capua]]
| after = [[Pietro Antonio Di Capua]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Alessano|Administrator of Alessano]]
| years = 1526–1531
| before = [[Agostino Trivulzio]]
| after = [[Francesco Antonio Balduini]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Gerace|Administrator of Gerace]] (2nd time)
| years = 1534–1538
| before = [[Girolamo Planca]]
| after = [[Tiberio Muti]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Catanzaro|Administrator of Catanzaro]]
| years = 1536
| before = [[Angelo Geraldini d'Amelia]]
| after = [[Sforza Geraldini d'Amelia]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Oppido Mamertina|Administrator of Oppido Mamertina]]
| years = 1536–1538
| before = [[Pietro Andrea Ripanti]]
| after = [[Ascanio Cesarini]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Bishop of Cuenca|Administrator of Cuenca]]
| years = 1538–1542
| before = [[Diego Ramírez de Villaescua de Haro]]
| after = [[Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Cardinal-Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano|Albano]]
| years = 1540–1541
| before = [[Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg]]
| after = [[Francesco Cornaro (cardinal)|Francesco Cornaro]]}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Cardinal-Bishop]] of [[Palestrina]]
| years = 1541–1542
| before = [[Gianvincenzo Carafa]]
| after = [[Francesco Cornaro (cardinal)|Francesco Cornaro]]}}
{{s-end}}

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[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:People from Rome]]

Catholic-hierarchy.org

2018-06-30T23:58:09Z

JoeHebda: /* Status */ add overcite notice

{{Infobox Website
| name = Catholic-Hierarchy.org
| logo = Catholic-Hierarchy logo.gif
| logo_size = 60px
| screenshot =
| caption =
| url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/
| commercial = No
| type = Legal/ Religious
| language = English
| registration =
| owner =
| author = David M. Cheney
| launch date =
| current status = active
| revenue =
| alexa = 147,811 ({{as of|2018|6|30|alt=June 30, 2018}})<ref name=alexa-siteinfo>{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/catholic-hierarchy.org# |title= catholic-hierarchy.org Site Info | publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 2018-06-30 }}</ref>
}}

'''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''' is an online [[database]] of [[bishop]]s and [[diocese]]s of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]. The website is not officially sanctioned by the Church. It is run as a private project by David M. Cheney in [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area|Kansas City]].<ref>[http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Actualite/David-Cheney-l-homme-qui-recense-les-eveques-_NG_-2008-11-24-680630 La Croix: "David Cheney, l'homme qui recense les évêques" Nicolas SENÈZE] le 24/11/2008</ref><ref name=KD>[http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/sie-sammeln-das-wissen-der-weltkirche Katholisch Deutsch: "Sie sammeln das Wissen der Weltkirche" Von Felix Neumann] 08.08.2017</ref>

==Origin and contents==
In the 1990s, David M. Cheney created a simple internet website that documented the Roman Catholic bishops in his home state of Texas - many of whom did not have webpages.<ref name=KD /> In 2002, after moving to the Midwest, he officially created the present website catholic-hierarchy.org and expanded to cover the United States and eventually the world.<ref name=KD /> The database contains geographical, organizational and address information on each Catholic diocese in the world, including [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in [[full communion]] with the [[Holy See]], such as the [[Maronite Catholic Church]] and the [[Syro-Malabar Church]].

It also gives biographical information on current and previous bishops of each diocese, such as dates of birth, [[ordination]]s and (when applicable) death.

==Status==
The website is cited as a reference by [[Vatican Radio]]<ref>[http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/10/11/chad_a_%E2%80%9Cfrontier_church_at_the_synod_in_rome/1178436 Vatican Radio: "Chad: A “frontier Church" at the Synod in Rome"] ''"Statistics vary but according to 'catholic-hierarchy.org..."''</ref> as well as by numerous Catholic dioceses around the world,<ref>[http://www.catholic.or.th/eng/archbishopfrangsis.html Archdiocese of Bangkok] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.gallediocese.org/bishop.htm Diocese of Galle recommended websites] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://jammusrinagardiocese.org/index.php?r=site/page&view=useful-links Catholic Diocese of Jammu and Srinigar recommended websites] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> academic institutions,<ref>[http://catholichistorywpa.org/?page_id=67 The Catholic Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania - resources] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.thepapalvisit.org.uk/The-Catholic-Faith/FAQ-on-Faith/1-10/What-is-an-Archbishop-and-what-is-his-role Catholic Trust for England and Wales] retrieved October 20, 2016 | ''"To see the structure of the Catholic Church’s Hierarchy go to www.catholic-hierarchy.org."''</ref><ref>[http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9126 The Free Online Site of Washington History: "Bishop Augustin Blanchet dedicates Washington's original St. James Cathedral at Fort Vancouver on January 23, 1851"] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/325/32530725003.pdf Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco México Estampas del catolicismo en México by Rodolfo Soriano Núñez] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> libraries,<ref>[https://library.stanford.edu/africa-south-sahara/browse-country/nigeria/cardinal-francis-arinze Stanford University Libraries: Cardinal Francis Arinze] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.bcs.edu/library-2/ Byzantine Catholic Seminary Library - list of Byzantine Catholic Websites] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.jpcatholic.com/about/story.php John Paul the Great Catholic University website] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> newspapers (both mainstream<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pope-benedict-xvis-path-to-the-papacy/2013/02/11/6def2f3c-747f-11e2-95e4-6148e45d7adb_graphic.html Washington Post: "Pope Benedict XVI's path to the papacy"] February 11, 2013 | ''Sources: News services, Vatican, www.catholic-hierarchy.org''</ref><ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/packages/omalley/coat.htm Boston Globe] retrieved October 20, 2016 | ''SOURCES: AmericanCatholic.org; Archdiocese of Boston; Catholic Encyclopedia; Catholic-hierarchy.org; "Dictionary of the Liturgy;" Father Jason A. Gray of the Peoria Archdiocese; United States Conference of Catholic Bishops''</ref><ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw/index.ssf/2009/04/aging_priesthood_part_of_the_c.html Michigan Live: "Aging priesthood part of the Catholic struggle"] April 25, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.elobservador.com.uy/que-implica-ser-parte-del-colegio-cardenalicio-n295287 El Observador: "¿Qué implica ser parte del Colegio Cardenalicio?"] Enero 4, 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.bndestem.nl/regio/breda/bisschop-ernst-98-in-mijn-tijd-als-bisschop-was-islam-de-afdeling-buitenland-1.5510893 BN DeStem: "Bisschop Ernst (98): 'In mijn tijd als bisschop was islam de afdeling buitenland'"] 04 december 2015</ref> and Catholic),<ref>[http://sspx.ca/en/news-events/news/worldwide-187-dioceses-without-bishop-2253 Society of St Pius the X: "Worldwide 187 dioceses without a bishop"] July 15, 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.thecatholicuniverse.com/history-of-the-uk-catholic-press-397 Catholic Universe: "The Catholic press in the UK"] 4th December 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.adoremus.org/0809AddressingChurchOfficials.html Adoremus Bulletin] retrieved October 20, 2016 | ''Another useful website is http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org.''</ref><ref>[http://thetablet.org/obituaries-17/ The Tablet: "Obituaries"] May 17, 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.katholieknieuwsblad.nl/nieuws/twee-nederlanders-in-top-tien-oudste-nog-levende-bisschoppen Katholiek Nieuws Blad: "Twee Nederlanders in top tien oudste nog levende bisschoppen"] 05 november 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/concerns-rising-over-slow-appointments-of-bishops National Catholic Register: "Concerns Rising Over Slow Appointments of Bishops" by Edward Pentin] 07/13/2013 ''"According to figures on Catholic-Hierarchy.org, eight U.S. dioceses are without a bishop, plus two U.S. eparchies (dioceses of Eastern rite churches)."''</ref><ref>[http://www.la-croix.com/Urbi-et-Orbi/Actualite/Rome/Des-cardinaux-de-plus-en-plus-nombreux-et-de-plus-en-plus-ages-2012-04-20-833878 La Croix: "Des cardinaux de plus en plus nombreux et de plus en plus âgés" by Nicolas Senèze] 20/04/2012</ref><ref>[http://cathnews.com/archives/cn-perspectives-archive/3620-wind-set-to-rustle-among-philadelphia-catholics Catholic News Perspectives: "Wind set to rustle among Philadelphia Catholics"] 23 July 2011</ref><ref>[http://zenit.org/articles/hobby-turned-service-to-the-church/] [[Zenit News Agency]] "''ZENIT’s own editorial director, Jesús Colina, has this to say about it: “My staff and I consult catholic-hierarchy.org dozens of times a day. Behind basically every reference we make to any member of the Church hierarchy — and we make thousands — there’s a quick look at this site.”''</ref> and in published works.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2005/TheChangingDemographicsofRomanCatholics.asp Population Reference Bureau: "The Changing Demographics of Roman Catholics" by Rogelio Saenz] August 2005</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=B5JVthemvvwC&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+vatican&source=bl&ots=0oaAfJB0Fc&sig=0H2p4kDx1RTa2jiNJDHmuouPdEM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX6ZnP59TKAhVCoD4KHZ0UD6Q4ChDoAQhGMAg#v=onepage&q=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20vatican&f=false] The Next Pope By Anura Guruge</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AX6aAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=peQGHTtSp2&sig=CjmMigpZ5Id-9schGzZHZVDRgGM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic4p6B4dTKAhWIGz4KHV5uBqM4KBDoAQg3MAQ#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] The Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History By Jeremy Clarke</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices : Six Volumes by J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=boWAtXKeHCwC&pg=PA421&lpg=PA421&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=hv7zczdc-n&sig=_A49gsIree6aP3vggzzRDVYV-_0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7kbXG4dTKAhVFGT4KHVHgCaU4MhDoAQg5MAY#v=onepage&q&f=false] Two Texts By Edward Everett Hale by Edward Everett Hale, Hsuan L. Hsu, Susan Kalter</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NgoQlcAZN3EC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=2NC2sc19IK&sig=NqLAMcEYUamwWhz8kIiwXrTe19Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Uncertain Honor: Modern Motherhood in an African Crisis By Jennifer Johnson-Hanks
</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNK_BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=buWom3wJ1x&sig=m9kdaKGBsqI2SXBeMChV9nEhk2A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQg2MAU#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Religion and Post-Conflict Statebuilding: Roman Catholic and Sunni Islamic Perspectives (Palgrave Studies in Compromise) Mar 4, 2015 by Denis Dragovi</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DHeOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=jblVy-GoPg&sig=dgxwLDE7MfF5VBYW447o7xDt3bo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQg5MAY#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Imagining the Creole City : The Rise of Literary Culture in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans by Rien Fertel</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qalgbs77nKQC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=qNHTSaMBnN&sig=pNSAd7KH0Zip_dxDwqpCApRE71s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQg8MAc#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Church Confronts Modernity: Catholicism since 1950 in the United States, Ireland, and Quebec / Edition 1 - by Leslie Woodcock Tentler</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XOyYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=dR27R4qYHT&sig=94c0hVkJUkeRTmxaXRGOIADyI1s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizwrau_9TKAhUCez4KHb6eCqM4MhDoAQhMMAk#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A-L; Volume 2: M-Z by Patrick Taylor</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GnksAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA380&lpg=PA380&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=JZEn3mx_D1&sig=FByO4Ajlm4798eXr_vMU2nqzWM0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQghMAI#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] Charity and the Great Hunger in Ireland: The Kindness of Strangers by Christine Kinealy</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KIFUCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=vJleauWykr&sig=o8pFYSkGCN2GRxOyEMFBZ3q0p2E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQgkMAM#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] Democracy, Culture, Catholicism: Voices from Four Continents edited by Michael Schuck, John Crowley-Buck</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iWteN2XLQdsC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=OuhfBSln_W&sig=vXPLP5dILedQftjzNS-M_9Z7ztw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQgrMAU#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20&f=false] Mission, Communion and Relationship: A Roman Catholic Response to the Crisis of Male Youths in Africa Mission, Communion and Relationship: A Roman Catholic Response to the Crisis of Male Youths in Africa by Peter Addai-Mensah</ref><ref>[http://www.slu.cz/fvp/cz/web-cep/archiv-casopisu/2014-vol-2-no-1/20140201-balogh] Diplomatic Missions of the Holy See in Hungary and East-Central Europe after theSecond World War by Margit BALOGH</ref><ref>[http://www.usc.es/economet/reviews/eers623.pdf] University of Southern California: "WHY IS THE NUMBER OF CATHOLIC PRIESTS DIMINISHING IN PORTUGAL? ANALYSIS OF THE PERIOD 1960-2002 MOURAO, Paulo R.
</ref><ref>[http://iscrizioni.urbaniana.edu/biblioteca/Recensioni/BM75_2011/20-Light%20a%20Candle.%20Encounters%20and%20Friendship%20with%20China.pdf] Light a Candle. Encounters and Friendship with China. Festschrift in Honour of Angelo S. Lazzarotto P.I.M.E. Edited by Roman MALEK and Gianni CRIVELLER. (Collectanea Serica). Sankt Augustin, Institut Monumenta Serica; Nettetal, Steyler Verlag, 2010. viii+564 pp.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nlkiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT125&lpg=PT125&dq=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+vatican&source=bl&ots=QkQoCTvIq2&sig=mN8Fs5HDE2b7VjTaQHcatrcJjwg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj47d6s6NTKAhXJPD4KHd-CBaM4FBDoAQgyMAU#v=onepage&q=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20vatican&f=false] To Whom Does Christianity Belong?: Critical Issues in World Christianity By Dyron B. Daughrity</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CGh-BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1575&lpg=PA1575&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=crRRlOcue4&sig=3zoNF6xXY1-G2MCvoH-NGenXOlk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQg0MAg#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics Feb 3, 2015 by Stanley D. Brunn</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dVYdB9TAymYC&pg=PA680&lpg=PA680&dq=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+recommended+-wiki&source=bl&ots=Nl1QW2sj-6&sig=w6XHyJEqQoAMDdSz28wGOb6b3gE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi55OKZ3dfKAhXJMyYKHShAD1k4ChDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&q=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20recommended%20-wiki&f=false] Eine Marienerscheinung in Zeiten der Diktatur: der Konflikt um Peñablanca By Oliver Grasmück</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AM5DCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA313&lpg=PA313&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org+reliable&source=bl&ots=qymoJUXUS2&sig=_XSZ4Fvk8My0_zODAMnHKbv4owk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZyrji3tTKAhWLPD4KHVJ0CqU4HhDoAQgmMAI#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org%20reliable&f=false Sede Vacante Diocesan Administration By Nord Aaron Paul] ''"A privately operated website, catholic.hierarchy.org, proved to have abundant and accurate data and was extremely helpful in finding and confirming the information in other sources"''</ref>{{overcite|date=June 2018}} [[Vaticanologist]] [[Sandro Magister]] lists it as a recommended site on Catholicism.<ref>[http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/chiesa_web L'espresso - Chi siamo: "Elenco di siti di Chiese e religioni"] retrieved November 14, 2015</ref> It is also used as a reference by other church writers including [[John L. Allen, Jr.]],<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/religious-order-bishops-are-long-contested-tradition National Catholic Reporter: "Religious-order bishops are a long but contested tradition" by John L. Allen, Jr.] February 17, 2009 | ''"Based on lists provided by the Catholic Hierarchy Web site (www.catholic-hierarchy.org)''"</ref> canon lawyer [[Edward N. Peters]],<ref>[http://canonlaw.info/ten_bishops.htm Roman Catholic Arch / Bishops of the USA] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> and [[Rocco Palmo]].<ref>[http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2007/03/pauline-ordination-conspiracy.html Whispers in the Loggia: "The Pauline Ordination Conspiracy?"] March 7, 2007</ref> The [[Zenit News Agency]] states that the webpage provides a "silent, unique service to the Church".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050930/http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=112419 "Hobby Turned Service to the Church - Interview With Web Master of Catholic-hierarchy.org" By Kathleen Naab] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050930/http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=112419 |date=2015-09-24 }} March 29, 2011</ref>

==Sources==
Among the printed sources used are the [[Holy See]] publications: [[Annuario Pontificio]], [[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]] and [[Acta Sanctae Sedis]]. Historical studies by authors whose surnames range from Andrade to Zúñíga are also utilized.<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Cheney |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/sources.html |title=sources |publisher=Catholic-hierarchy.org |date=2013-05-24 |accessdate=2014-06-18}}</ref>

The [[Vatican Information Service]] provides news about changes affecting dioceses and bishops.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}

[[Category:2002 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Christian websites]]
[[Category:Episcopacy in Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic media]]

Girolamo Colonna der Ältere

2018-06-30T00:00:41Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar

[[File:Girolamo Colonna (1604-1666).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Girolamo Colonna]]
:''Not to be confused with Cardinal [[Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra]].''

'''Girolamo Colonna''' (23 March 1604 – 4 September 1666) was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and member of the noble [[Colonna family]].<ref>[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1627.htm Florida International University - Girolamo Colonna]</ref>

==Biography==

Colonna was born at [[Orsogna]] into the [[Colonna family]] and his extended family included members of various 17th-century Italian royal and noble houses. His father was [[Filippo I Colonna]], [[Duke and prince of Paliano|Prince of Paliano]] and his mother was Lucrezia Tomacelli. His sister, [[Anna Colonna]], married [[Taddeo Barberini]], brother of cardinals [[Francesco Barberini (seniore)|Francesco Barberini]] and [[Antonio Barberini]] (Antonio the Younger).<ref>[http://worldroots.com/foundation/families/taddeobarberinidesc.htm Worldroots - Barberini] {{webarchive |url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091015021941/http://worldroots.com/foundation/families/taddeobarberinidesc.htm |date=October 15, 2009 }}</ref>

Colonna was uncle to the children of his sister and brother-in-law, [[Maffeo Barberini (1631-1685)|Maffeo Barberini]], Cardinal [[Carlo Barberini]] and [[Lucrezia Barberini]] who married [[Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena]].

He was elevated to cardinal on 30 August 1627 by [[Barberini]] [[Pope Urban VIII]] (the uncle of his brother-in-law Taddeo) at the insistence of his sister, Anna.<ref name=bargrave>''Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals'' by [[John Bargrave]], edited by [[James Craigie Robertson]] (reprint; 2009)</ref>

After the death of Pope Urban, he participated in the [[Papal conclave, 1644|Papal conclave of 1644]] that elected [[Pope Innocent X]]. He was Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Lateran basilica]] and Legate ''a latere'' for the opening and closing of the [[Holy Door]] in the patriarchal Lateran basilica in the [[Holy Year]] of 1650. He took part in the conclave of 1655 that elected [[Pope Alexander VII]].

Pope Innocent X appointed him as Ambassador of the [[Holy See]] to [[Spain]]. He was called to Spain by King [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] and appointed as a counselor on state and military affairs. He celebrated the wedding between [[Emperor Leopold I]] and [[Infanta Margarita]] of Spain (daughter of Philip IV) and as legate accompanied her to Germany.

He was accompanied to Spain by [[Cardinal Mazarin|Jules Mazarin]] (then 17 years old; later elevated to Cardinal himself). Mazarin later assisted Colonna's brother-in-law Taddeo and his brothers when they went into exile during the short schism between the [[Barberini]] and the [[Pamphili]].

King Philip IV died in 1665 and Colonna assisted in the provision of [[last rites]]. At the death of the King, Colonna returned to his native Italy but died on 4 September 1666 at the Dominican convent in [[Finale Marina]], near [[Genoa]].

Letters from Milan and Genoa, dated 15 January 1667, verified the news. After six years, his remains were moved to Rome and buried in the chapel of his family in the patriarchal Lateran basilica.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Colonna, Girolamo}}
[[Category:1604 births]]
[[Category:1666 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Chieti]]
[[Category:Colonna family|Girolamo Cardinal]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:Diplomats of the Holy See]]

Pietro Maria Borghese

2018-05-24T23:59:07Z

JoeHebda: Add: subj.bar, auth.control, def.sort

[[File:Pietro Maria Borghese.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Pietro Maria Borghese by [[Pietro Cortona]] c.1633-35]]
'''Pietro Maria Borghese''' (1599 - 15 June 1642) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]].<ref name=miranda>[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1624.htm ''Pietro Maria Borghese''] by S. Miranda ([[Florida International University]], last updated May 2012)</ref>
__TOC__

==Early life==

Borghese was born in 1599 in [[Siena]], the son of Marcantonio Borghese and Camilla Orsini. Despite the rampant [[nepotism]] that was to later define papal politics of the 17th century, Borghese received no particular benefits from his great uncle [[Pope Paul V]] whose reign continued until 1621. Maffeo Barberini, however, was raised to the cardinalate by Pope Paul and felt a need to recognise the [[Borghese]] family with a similar honour. When he was elected to the papal throne as [[Pope Urban VIII]] in 1623, he set about repaying those who had advanced his own career.

==Cardinalate==

So it was that Borghese was elevated to Cardinal by [[Pope Urban VIII]] the following year, on 7 October 1624 and was appointed cardinal-deacon of the church of [[San Giorgio in Velabro]].<ref>{{Catholic-hierarchy|bishop|bborgpm|Pietro Maria Cardinal Borghese|23 January 2015}}</ref> He was also appointed [[commendatario]] of three "rich" [[abbey]]s from which he could benefits and income.<ref name=miranda/> In 1626 he was appointed cardinal-deacon of [[Santa Maria in Cosmedin]].

In 1633 he was appointed [[Crown Cardinal|Cardinal-protector]] of [[Flanders]] and he opted for the title of the [[San Crisogono]] ''[[pro illa vice]]'' deaconry in 1636. In 1638 he was appointed Cardinal-protector of the [[Republic of Genoa]]. He held both protectorate positions until his death.

He died on 15 June 1642 in Rome and was buried in the [[House of Borghese|Borghese]] chapel in the [[Liberian Basilica]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Borghese, Pietro Maria}}
[[Category:1599 births]]
[[Category:1642 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:People from Siena]]
[[Category:House of Borghese]]

Odilo Weeger

2018-05-07T13:34:48Z

JoeHebda: Add: Subject bar, auth.control

{{multiple issues|
{{tone|date=July 2008}}
{{unreferenced|date=July 2008}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2014}}
}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Odilo Weeger
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| occupation = Priest and [[Missionary]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|10|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Arberg]], [[West Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|6|8|1912|10|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe]]
}}
'''Rev Fr Odilo (Otto) Weeger, [[Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill|CMM]]''' (14 October 1912 – 8 June 2006) was a [[Roman Catholic]] pioneer [[missionary]] with the [[Missionaries of Mariannhill]] [http://www.mariannhill.de/dcms/sites/cmm/english/index.html] in [[Matabeleland]], [[Southern Africa|Southern]] [[Africa]]. He arrived in Africa in July 1938 and was based at [[Diocese of Marianhill|Mariannhill]] in [[Natal Province|Natal]], South Africa. He was later transferred to [[Southern Rhodesia]] where he worked at St. Patrick's in Bulawayo before moving to Lukosi, near [[Hwange]] in 1939.

==Missionary work in Matabeleland==
In the [[Matabeleland North|North]] of Matebeleland, equipped with little more than a prayer book and a bicycle, he travelled around from St. Mary's Lukosi to Hwange, Victoria Falls, Matetsi and Gwayi River. He built and established many schools, including those in [[Gwaai|Gwayi]], [[Binga District|Binga]], [[Dete]] and [[Lupane District|Lupane]] and later went to Fatima where he opened a mission hospital and school.

With the help and support of friends in [[Germany]], who were doctors, he opened St. Luke's Hospital in Lupane. In 1958, he returned to Bulawayo, where he was the parish priest at St. Mary's Cathedral. He was appointed Provincial Superior of Mariannhill Missionaries, a post he held from 1970 to 1982. He was Parish priest for many years of the Hillside parish of Christ the King.

Odilo Weeger was awarded the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz|Verdienstkreuz – Erster Klasse]] (Cross of Merit – First Class) by the Country of his birth, Germany, on 5 May 1989, for his work in Matabeleland.

==Archives==
The archives of Fr Odilo Weeger are maintained in Bulawayo.

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}
* Alexander, Jocelyn & Ranger, Terence ''Competition and Integration in the Religious History of North-Western Zimbabwe''
* Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 28, Fasc. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 3–31

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Germany |portal4= Zimbabwe}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weeger, Odilo}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in South Africa]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:German expatriates in South Africa]]
[[Category:German expatriates in Zimbabwe]]

Odilo Weeger

2018-05-07T13:33:47Z

JoeHebda: /* References */ ce

{{multiple issues|
{{tone|date=July 2008}}
{{unreferenced|date=July 2008}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2014}}
}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Odilo Weeger
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| occupation = Priest and [[Missionary]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|10|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Arberg]], [[West Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|6|8|1912|10|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe]]
}}
'''Rev Fr Odilo (Otto) Weeger, [[Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill|CMM]]''' (14 October 1912 – 8 June 2006) was a [[Roman Catholic]] pioneer [[missionary]] with the [[Missionaries of Mariannhill]] [http://www.mariannhill.de/dcms/sites/cmm/english/index.html] in [[Matabeleland]], [[Southern Africa|Southern]] [[Africa]]. He arrived in Africa in July 1938 and was based at [[Diocese of Marianhill|Mariannhill]] in [[Natal Province|Natal]], South Africa. He was later transferred to [[Southern Rhodesia]] where he worked at St. Patrick's in Bulawayo before moving to Lukosi, near [[Hwange]] in 1939.

==Missionary work in Matabeleland==
In the [[Matabeleland North|North]] of Matebeleland, equipped with little more than a prayer book and a bicycle, he travelled around from St. Mary's Lukosi to Hwange, Victoria Falls, Matetsi and Gwayi River. He built and established many schools, including those in [[Gwaai|Gwayi]], [[Binga District|Binga]], [[Dete]] and [[Lupane District|Lupane]] and later went to Fatima where he opened a mission hospital and school.

With the help and support of friends in [[Germany]], who were doctors, he opened St. Luke's Hospital in Lupane. In 1958, he returned to Bulawayo, where he was the parish priest at St. Mary's Cathedral. He was appointed Provincial Superior of Mariannhill Missionaries, a post he held from 1970 to 1982. He was Parish priest for many years of the Hillside parish of Christ the King.

Odilo Weeger was awarded the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz|Verdienstkreuz – Erster Klasse]] (Cross of Merit – First Class) by the Country of his birth, Germany, on 5 May 1989, for his work in Matabeleland.

==Archives==
The archives of Fr Odilo Weeger are maintained in Bulawayo.

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}
* Alexander, Jocelyn & Ranger, Terence ''Competition and Integration in the Religious History of North-Western Zimbabwe''
* Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 28, Fasc. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 3–31

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weeger, Odilo}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in South Africa]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:German expatriates in South Africa]]
[[Category:German expatriates in Zimbabwe]]

Odilo Weeger

2018-05-07T13:33:28Z

JoeHebda: /* References */ add note

{{multiple issues|
{{tone|date=July 2008}}
{{unreferenced|date=July 2008}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2014}}
}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Odilo Weeger
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| occupation = Priest and [[Missionary]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|10|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Arberg]], [[West Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|6|8|1912|10|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bulawayo]], [[Zimbabwe]]
}}
'''Rev Fr Odilo (Otto) Weeger, [[Congregation of the Missionaries of Mariannhill|CMM]]''' (14 October 1912 – 8 June 2006) was a [[Roman Catholic]] pioneer [[missionary]] with the [[Missionaries of Mariannhill]] [http://www.mariannhill.de/dcms/sites/cmm/english/index.html] in [[Matabeleland]], [[Southern Africa|Southern]] [[Africa]]. He arrived in Africa in July 1938 and was based at [[Diocese of Marianhill|Mariannhill]] in [[Natal Province|Natal]], South Africa. He was later transferred to [[Southern Rhodesia]] where he worked at St. Patrick's in Bulawayo before moving to Lukosi, near [[Hwange]] in 1939.

==Missionary work in Matabeleland==
In the [[Matabeleland North|North]] of Matebeleland, equipped with little more than a prayer book and a bicycle, he travelled around from St. Mary's Lukosi to Hwange, Victoria Falls, Matetsi and Gwayi River. He built and established many schools, including those in [[Gwaai|Gwayi]], [[Binga District|Binga]], [[Dete]] and [[Lupane District|Lupane]] and later went to Fatima where he opened a mission hospital and school.

With the help and support of friends in [[Germany]], who were doctors, he opened St. Luke's Hospital in Lupane. In 1958, he returned to Bulawayo, where he was the parish priest at St. Mary's Cathedral. He was appointed Provincial Superior of Mariannhill Missionaries, a post he held from 1970 to 1982. He was Parish priest for many years of the Hillside parish of Christ the King.

Odilo Weeger was awarded the [[Bundesverdienstkreuz|Verdienstkreuz – Erster Klasse]] (Cross of Merit – First Class) by the Country of his birth, Germany, on 5 May 1989, for his work in Matabeleland.

==Archives==
The archives of Fr Odilo Weeger are maintained in Bulawayo.

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}
* Alexander, Jocelyn & Ranger, Terence ''Competition and Integration in the Religious History of North-Western Zimbabwe''
Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 28, Fasc. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 3–31

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weeger, Odilo}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in South Africa]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:German expatriates in South Africa]]
[[Category:German expatriates in Zimbabwe]]

New Zealand Alpine Club

2018-03-23T13:01:10Z

JoeHebda: /* Description */ add section title; rm sections notice

[[File:New Zealand Alpine Club logo.png|right|200px]]

The '''New Zealand Alpine Club''' (NZAC) was founded in 1891 and is one of the oldest [[alpine club]]s in the world. The NZAC is the national climbing organization in New Zealand and is a member of the [[Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme]]. It has about 3700 members who are spread across twelve sections, eleven in [[New Zealand]] and one in [[Australia]], plus members in other countries. It runs a national office based in [[Christchurch]].

==Description==
The club actively promotes climbing in New Zealand and overseas. It publishes guidebooks to [[List of mountains of New Zealand by height|New Zealand mountains]] and to selected [[rock climbing]] areas, and also makes this information accessible online. It publishes a quarterly magazine ''The Climber'' (which is also online), and the annual ''New Zealand Alpine Journal''. NZAC owns 17 lodges and [[Mountain hut|huts]] that are available for use by club members and other climbers. Most sections provide instruction courses for beginning climbers and the club also provides instruction for intermediate and advanced skills. NZAC sponsors the annual national [[bouldering]] series held during the summer at four locations, as well as other local and national competitive climbing events.

The visibility of [[mountaineering]] in New Zealand was boosted by the 1953 ascent of [[Mount Everest]] by [[Sir Edmund Hillary]]<ref name="HighAdventure">Hillary, Edmund, ''High Adventure: The True Story of the First Ascent of Everest''</ref> and [[Tenzing Norgay]]. Hillary is amongst the best known and most revered New Zealanders and was a life member of the NZAC. Other NZAC members have completed first ascents in many mountain areas, including in the Himalayas, Antarctica and the Andes.<ref name="HallBall">Colin Monteath, ''Hall and Ball: Kiwi mountaineers'', Hedgehog House</ref><ref name="Temple">Philip Temple, ''The world at their feet'', Whitcombe and Tombs</ref>

New Zealand is a very mountainous country, and mountaineering has long been popular in New Zealand.<ref name="Dingle">Graeme Dingle, ''Dingle: Discovering the sense in adventure'', Craig Potton Publishing</ref><ref name="Hardie">Norman Hardie, ''On my own two feet'', Canterbury University Press</ref> The mountaineering opportunities focus particularly on the [[Southern Alps (New Zealand)|Southern Alps]] which run the length of the South Island, but also include other ranges such as the [[Kaikoura Ranges|Kaikouras]], [[Arrowsmith Range|Arrowsmith]]s and the [[North Island Volcanic Plateau|North Island volcanoes]] [[Mount Taranaki]] and Mounts [[Mount Ruapehu|Ruapehu]], [[Mount Ngauruhoe|Ngauruhoe]] and [[Mount Tongariro|Tongariro]].

Rock climbing attracts many participants in New Zealand and the varied topography and rock types provide opportunities for rock climbing within some cities such as [[Auckland]], Christchurch and [[Dunedin]], and within an hours drive of most cities in New Zealand. [[Ice climbing]], bouldering, [[sport climbing]] and [[trad climbing]] are all well established.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://alpineclub.org.nz/ New Zealand Alpine Club]
*[http://climber.co.nz/ The Climber magazine]
*[http://climbnz.org.nz/ Every climb in New Zealand online]
*[http://nibs.nz/ National Indoor Bouldering Series]

==See also==
*[[:Category:New Zealand mountain climbers]]
{{NZ Sport}}

[[Category:Sports governing bodies in New Zealand|Alpine]]
[[Category:Alpine clubs]]
[[Category:1891 establishments in New Zealand]]

Else Mayer

2018-03-07T12:31:40Z

JoeHebda: Add: Subject bar, auth.control; update stub notice

{{Infobox person
| name = Else Mayer
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1891}}
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1962|1891}}
| nationality = [[Germany|German]]
| occupation = Nun, women's liberation activist
}}

'''Else Mayer''' (1891–1962) was a [[Germany|German]] [[nun]] and [[Feminist movement|women's liberation]] activist during the period of [[first-wave feminism]]. She was one of the pioneers of the German Women's Liberation Movement.

==Biography==
Else Mayer was the daughter of the German jeweler [[Victor Mayer]]. She spent her childhood and youth in the family business before she became a nun. After she visited several nunneries she decided to found her own, [[Erlöserbund]], in 1916. With the support of her family she bought buildings in [[Bonn]] and started to support young female students who received housing from her.

Erlöserbund was closed in 2005 and reorganized as a charitable foundation. The [[Else Mayer Foundation]] presents an annual award, the '''Else Mayer Award''', to applicants who are deemed to qualify as ideological successors to Else Mayer. The award is for 4000 [[euro|euros]]. [[Germany|German]] [[Education Minister]] [[Annette Schavan]] was the inaugural recipient of this award in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/Annette-Schavan-erste-Preistr%C3%A4gerin-article117055.html|title=Annette Schavan erste Preisträgerin|last=|first=|date=2006-12-20|work=General-Anzeiger Bonn|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=de|trans-title=Annette Schavan first prize winner}}</ref> The German [[feminist]] [[Alice Schwarzer]] received the award in 2007.

== Publications ==

* The Else Mayer Foundation official Website [http://stiftungelsemayer.org/stiftung.html]{{Dead link|date=May 2017}}
*The Donation Else Mayer {{ISBN|3-00-020628-0}}/{{ISBN|978-3-00-020628-3}}
*Else Mayer Award [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.pz-news.de/pforzheim/87667/index.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=4&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Delse%2Bmayer%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG]{{Dead link|date=May 2017}}
*Bonn Newspaper [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php%3Fk%3Dnews%26itemid%3D10490%26detailid%3D257179&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=5&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Delse%2Bmayer,%2Bbonn%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG]{{Dead link|date=May 2017}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Germany}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayer, Else}}
[[Category:German Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns]]
[[Category:German activists]]
[[Category:German women's rights activists]]
[[Category:First-wave feminism]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic feminists]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]

{{Germany-bio-stub}}
{{RC-bio-stub}}

Else Mayer

2018-03-07T12:30:47Z

JoeHebda: /* Biography */ add section title

{{Infobox person
| name = Else Mayer
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1891}}
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1962|1891}}
| nationality = [[Germany|German]]
| occupation = Nun, women's liberation activist
}}

'''Else Mayer''' (1891–1962) was a [[Germany|German]] [[nun]] and [[Feminist movement|women's liberation]] activist during the period of [[first-wave feminism]]. She was one of the pioneers of the German Women's Liberation Movement.

==Biography==
Else Mayer was the daughter of the German jeweler [[Victor Mayer]]. She spent her childhood and youth in the family business before she became a nun. After she visited several nunneries she decided to found her own, [[Erlöserbund]], in 1916. With the support of her family she bought buildings in [[Bonn]] and started to support young female students who received housing from her.

Erlöserbund was closed in 2005 and reorganized as a charitable foundation. The [[Else Mayer Foundation]] presents an annual award, the '''Else Mayer Award''', to applicants who are deemed to qualify as ideological successors to Else Mayer. The award is for 4000 [[euro|euros]]. [[Germany|German]] [[Education Minister]] [[Annette Schavan]] was the inaugural recipient of this award in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/bonn/Annette-Schavan-erste-Preistr%C3%A4gerin-article117055.html|title=Annette Schavan erste Preisträgerin|last=|first=|date=2006-12-20|work=General-Anzeiger Bonn|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=de|trans-title=Annette Schavan first prize winner}}</ref> The German [[feminist]] [[Alice Schwarzer]] received the award in 2007.

== Publications ==

* The Else Mayer Foundation official Website [http://stiftungelsemayer.org/stiftung.html]{{Dead link|date=May 2017}}
*The Donation Else Mayer {{ISBN|3-00-020628-0}}/{{ISBN|978-3-00-020628-3}}
*Else Mayer Award [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.pz-news.de/pforzheim/87667/index.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=4&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Delse%2Bmayer%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG]{{Dead link|date=May 2017}}
*Bonn Newspaper [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/index.php%3Fk%3Dnews%26itemid%3D10490%26detailid%3D257179&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=5&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Delse%2Bmayer,%2Bbonn%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG]{{Dead link|date=May 2017}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayer, Else}}
[[Category:German Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns]]
[[Category:German activists]]
[[Category:German women's rights activists]]
[[Category:First-wave feminism]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic feminists]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]

{{Germany-bio-stub}}

Ælfwine von Winchester

2017-12-11T18:37:10Z

JoeHebda: /* Biography */ add section title

{{Other uses|Ælfwine}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| name = Ælfwine
| title = [[Bishop of Winchester]]
| religion = Christian
| appointed =1032
| term_end =29 August 1047
| predecessor = [[Ælfsige II (bishop of Winchester)|Ælfsige II]]
| successor = [[Stigand]]
| consecration = 1032
| death_date = 29 August 1047
}}

'''Ælfwine''' (died 1047) was [[Bishop of Winchester]] from 1032 until his death. He was one of King [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]]'s priests prior to his appointment as bishop, and became a powerful and influential figure at Cnut's court.

==Biography==
From 1033 he was a frequent charter witness, usually third after the two archbishops,<ref name=Smith164>Smith "Preferment of Royal Clerks" ''Haskins Society Journal'' p. 164</ref><ref>Maddicott "Edward the Confessor's Return to England" ''English Historical Review'' p. 657</ref> and [[Goscelin]] stated that he helped to persuade Cnut to allow the relics of [[Mildthryth|St. Mildryth]] to be translated to [[St Augustine's Abbey]], [[Canterbury]]. He was also a supporter of the nuns of Winchester, especially Ælfgiva, the daughter of Earl Æthelwold who was called the ‘abbess of Cologne’.<ref name=Mason/>

Ælfwine must have maintained his position in the early 1040s as one of King [[Harthacnut]]'s charters grants him a hide of land.<ref>Maddicott "Edward the Confessor's Return to England" ''English Historical Review'' pp.657-658</ref> According to an account in the twelfth century [[Quadripartitus]] which the historian [[John Maddicott]] found convincing, he was responsible together with [[Godwin, Earl of Wessex|Earl Godwin of Wessex]], for inviting the future king [[Edward the Confessor]] to return to England in 1041, and in 1042 he witnessed a charter of Harthacnut's together with Edward, Godwin, and Edward and Harthacnut's mother, [[Emma of Normandy|Emma]].<ref>Maddicott "Edward the Confessor's Return to England" ''English Historical Review'' pp. 656, 658.</ref> As a secular bishop in a monastic cathedral he was unpopular, and this was probably a factor in a famous legend that he was Emma's lover. She was said to have disproved the charge by walking barefoot unharmed over burning ploughshares.<ref>Stafford ''Queen Emma & Queen Edith'' pp. 19-21</ref><ref>Maddicott "Edward the Confessor's Return to England" ''English Historical Review'' p. 658</ref><ref name=Mason>Mason "Ælfwine" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>

After Edward's accession as king in 1042 Ælfwine's career reached a new peak. Edward was crowned in Ælfwine's own church of Winchester, and he witnessed Edward's first surviving charter in third position, after Emma and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From then until his death he witnessed twenty charters out of twenty-two, more than any other prelate. In 1044 Edward granted him the valuable manor of Witney, rated at thirty hides, a grant "to his familiar bishop", "a reward for his faithful service which he has faithfully shown obedience to me." No other churchman approached Ælfwine's standing in the early years of Edward's reign.<ref>Maddicott "Edward the Confessor's Return to England" ''English Historical Review'' pp. 658-659</ref> He died on 29 August 1047.<ref name=Handbook223>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 223</ref>

==Citations==
{{reflist|40em}}

==References==

* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite journal |last = Maddicott | first = J. R. |authorlink = John Maddicott |year = 2004 |title = Edward the Confessor's Return to England in 1041 | journal = English Historical Review |url = http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/content/119/482/650.full.pdf+html |volume=CXIX |number = 482 |pages = 650–666 |publisher = Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ehr/119.482.650}}
* {{cite book |last=Mason |first=Emma |contribution=Ælfwine (d. 1047) |year=2004 |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |format={{ODNBsub}} |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/197}}
* {{cite conference |author=Smith, Mary Frances | title=The Preferment of Royal Clerks in the Reign of Edward the Confessor |conference=Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History |volume=9 (1997) |year=2001 | publisher=Boydell |location=Woodbridge, UK |editor=Lewis, C. P. | isbn=0-85115-831-5 |pages=159–174 }}
* {{cite book |last = Stafford |first = Pauline |authorlink =Pauline Stafford |title=Queen Emma & Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-Century England |year = 2001 | publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}

==External links==
* {{PASE|11870|Ælfwine 45}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel| [[Christianity|Christian titles]] }}
{{s-bef| before=[[Ælfsige II (bishop of Winchester)|Ælfsige II]] }}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Bishop of Winchester]]| years= 1032–1047 }}
{{s-aft | after=[[Stigand]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Bishops of Winchester}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aelfwine}}
[[Category:Bishops of Winchester]]
[[Category:1047 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:11th-century bishops]]

Catholic-hierarchy.org

2017-10-17T13:31:15Z

JoeHebda: /* Category */ add 2002 in Christianity

{{Infobox Website
| name = Catholic-Hierarchy.org
| logo = Catholic-Hierarchy logo.gif
| logo_size = 60px
| screenshot =
| caption =
| url = http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/
| commercial = No
| type = Legal/ Religious
| language = English
| registration =
| owner =
| author = David M. Cheney
| launch date =
| current status = active
| revenue =
| alexa = {{DecreasePositive}} 140,792 ({{as of|2017|3|12|alt=March 2017}})<ref name=alexa-siteinfo>{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/catholic-hierarchy.org# |title= catholic-hierarchy.org Site Info | publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 2017-01-25 }}</ref>
}}

'''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''' is an online [[database]] of [[bishop]]s and [[diocese]]s of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]. The website is not officially sanctioned by the Church. It is run as a private project by David M. Cheney in [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area|Kansas City]].<ref>[http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Actualite/David-Cheney-l-homme-qui-recense-les-eveques-_NG_-2008-11-24-680630 La Croix: "David Cheney, l'homme qui recense les évêques" Nicolas SENÈZE] le 24/11/2008</ref><ref name=KD>[http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/sie-sammeln-das-wissen-der-weltkirche Katholisch Deutsch: "Sie sammeln das Wissen der Weltkirche" Von Felix Neumann] 08.08.2017</ref>

==Origin and contents==
In the 1990s, the David M. Cheney created a simple internet website that documented the Roman Catholic bishops in his home state of Texas - many of whom did not have webpages.<ref name=KD /> In 2002, after moving to the Midwest, he officially created the present website catholic-hierarchy.org and expanded to cover the United States and eventually the world.<ref name=KD /> The database contains geographical, organizational and address information on each Catholic diocese in the world, including [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in [[full communion]] with the [[Holy See]], such as the [[Maronite Catholic Church]] and the [[Syro-Malabar Church]].

It also gives biographical information on current and previous bishops of each diocese, such as dates of birth, [[ordination]]s and (when applicable) death.

==Status==
The website is cited as a reference by [[Vatican Radio]]<ref>[http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/10/11/chad_a_%E2%80%9Cfrontier_church_at_the_synod_in_rome/1178436 Vatican Radio: "Chad: A “frontier Church" at the Synod in Rome"] ''"Statistics vary but according to 'catholic-hierarchy.org..."''</ref> as well as by numerous Catholic dioceses around the world,<ref>[http://www.catholic.or.th/eng/archbishopfrangsis.html Archdiocese of Bangkok] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.gallediocese.org/bishop.htm Diocese of Galle recommended websites] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://jammusrinagardiocese.org/index.php?r=site/page&view=useful-links Catholic Diocese of Jammu and Srinigar recommended websites] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> academic institutions,<ref>[http://catholichistorywpa.org/?page_id=67 The Catholic Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania - resources] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.thepapalvisit.org.uk/The-Catholic-Faith/FAQ-on-Faith/1-10/What-is-an-Archbishop-and-what-is-his-role Catholic Trust for England and Wales] retrieved October 20, 2016 | ''"To see the structure of the Catholic Church’s Hierarchy go to www.catholic-hierarchy.org."''</ref><ref>[http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9126 The Free Online Site of Washington History: "Bishop Augustin Blanchet dedicates Washington's original St. James Cathedral at Fort Vancouver on January 23, 1851"] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/325/32530725003.pdf Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco México Estampas del catolicismo en México by Rodolfo Soriano Núñez] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> libraries,<ref>[https://library.stanford.edu/africa-south-sahara/browse-country/nigeria/cardinal-francis-arinze Stanford University Libraries: Cardinal Francis Arinze] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.bcs.edu/library-2/ Byzantine Catholic Seminary Library - list of Byzantine Catholic Websites] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.jpcatholic.com/about/story.php John Paul the Great Catholic University website] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> newspapers (both mainstream<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pope-benedict-xvis-path-to-the-papacy/2013/02/11/6def2f3c-747f-11e2-95e4-6148e45d7adb_graphic.html Washington Post: "Pope Benedict XVI's path to the papacy"] February 11, 2013 | ''Sources: News services, Vatican, www.catholic-hierarchy.org''</ref><ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/packages/omalley/coat.htm Boston Globe] retrieved October 20, 2016 | ''SOURCES: AmericanCatholic.org; Archdiocese of Boston; Catholic Encyclopedia; Catholic-hierarchy.org; "Dictionary of the Liturgy;" Father Jason A. Gray of the Peoria Archdiocese; United States Conference of Catholic Bishops''</ref><ref>[http://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw/index.ssf/2009/04/aging_priesthood_part_of_the_c.html Michigan Live: "Aging priesthood part of the Catholic struggle"] April 25, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.elobservador.com.uy/que-implica-ser-parte-del-colegio-cardenalicio-n295287 El Observador: "¿Qué implica ser parte del Colegio Cardenalicio?"] Enero 4, 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.bndestem.nl/regio/breda/bisschop-ernst-98-in-mijn-tijd-als-bisschop-was-islam-de-afdeling-buitenland-1.5510893 BN DeStem: "Bisschop Ernst (98): 'In mijn tijd als bisschop was islam de afdeling buitenland'"] 04 december 2015</ref> and Catholic),<ref>[http://sspx.ca/en/news-events/news/worldwide-187-dioceses-without-bishop-2253 Society of St Pius the X: "Worldwide 187 dioceses without a bishop"] July 15, 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.thecatholicuniverse.com/history-of-the-uk-catholic-press-397 Catholic Universe: "The Catholic press in the UK"] 4th December 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.adoremus.org/0809AddressingChurchOfficials.html Adoremus Bulletin] retrieved October 20, 2016 | ''Another useful website is http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org.''</ref><ref>[http://thetablet.org/obituaries-17/ The Tablet: "Obituaries"] May 17, 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.katholieknieuwsblad.nl/nieuws/twee-nederlanders-in-top-tien-oudste-nog-levende-bisschoppen Katholiek Nieuws Blad: "Twee Nederlanders in top tien oudste nog levende bisschoppen"] 05 november 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/concerns-rising-over-slow-appointments-of-bishops National Catholic Register: "Concerns Rising Over Slow Appointments of Bishops" by Edward Pentin] 07/13/2013 ''"According to figures on Catholic-Hierarchy.org, eight U.S. dioceses are without a bishop, plus two U.S. eparchies (dioceses of Eastern rite churches)."''</ref><ref>[http://www.la-croix.com/Urbi-et-Orbi/Actualite/Rome/Des-cardinaux-de-plus-en-plus-nombreux-et-de-plus-en-plus-ages-2012-04-20-833878 La Croix: "Des cardinaux de plus en plus nombreux et de plus en plus âgés" by Nicolas Senèze] 20/04/2012</ref><ref>[http://cathnews.com/archives/cn-perspectives-archive/3620-wind-set-to-rustle-among-philadelphia-catholics Catholic News Perspectives: "Wind set to rustle among Philadelphia Catholics"] 23 July 2011</ref><ref>[http://zenit.org/articles/hobby-turned-service-to-the-church/] [[Zenit News Agency]] "''ZENIT’s own editorial director, Jesús Colina, has this to say about it: “My staff and I consult catholic-hierarchy.org dozens of times a day. Behind basically every reference we make to any member of the Church hierarchy — and we make thousands — there’s a quick look at this site.”''</ref> and in published works.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2005/TheChangingDemographicsofRomanCatholics.asp Population Reference Bureau: "The Changing Demographics of Roman Catholics" by Rogelio Saenz] August 2005</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=B5JVthemvvwC&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+vatican&source=bl&ots=0oaAfJB0Fc&sig=0H2p4kDx1RTa2jiNJDHmuouPdEM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX6ZnP59TKAhVCoD4KHZ0UD6Q4ChDoAQhGMAg#v=onepage&q=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20vatican&f=false] The Next Pope By Anura Guruge</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AX6aAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=peQGHTtSp2&sig=CjmMigpZ5Id-9schGzZHZVDRgGM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic4p6B4dTKAhWIGz4KHV5uBqM4KBDoAQg3MAQ#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] The Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History By Jeremy Clarke</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices : Six Volumes by J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=boWAtXKeHCwC&pg=PA421&lpg=PA421&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=hv7zczdc-n&sig=_A49gsIree6aP3vggzzRDVYV-_0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7kbXG4dTKAhVFGT4KHVHgCaU4MhDoAQg5MAY#v=onepage&q&f=false] Two Texts By Edward Everett Hale by Edward Everett Hale, Hsuan L. Hsu, Susan Kalter</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NgoQlcAZN3EC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=2NC2sc19IK&sig=NqLAMcEYUamwWhz8kIiwXrTe19Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Uncertain Honor: Modern Motherhood in an African Crisis By Jennifer Johnson-Hanks
</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNK_BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=buWom3wJ1x&sig=m9kdaKGBsqI2SXBeMChV9nEhk2A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQg2MAU#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Religion and Post-Conflict Statebuilding: Roman Catholic and Sunni Islamic Perspectives (Palgrave Studies in Compromise) Mar 4, 2015 by Denis Dragovi</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DHeOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=jblVy-GoPg&sig=dgxwLDE7MfF5VBYW447o7xDt3bo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQg5MAY#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Imagining the Creole City : The Rise of Literary Culture in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans by Rien Fertel</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qalgbs77nKQC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org&source=bl&ots=qNHTSaMBnN&sig=pNSAd7KH0Zip_dxDwqpCApRE71s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2_veF4tTKAhVENz4KHSV8DKM4PBDoAQg8MAc#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org&f=false] Church Confronts Modernity: Catholicism since 1950 in the United States, Ireland, and Quebec / Edition 1 - by Leslie Woodcock Tentler</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XOyYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=dR27R4qYHT&sig=94c0hVkJUkeRTmxaXRGOIADyI1s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizwrau_9TKAhUCez4KHb6eCqM4MhDoAQhMMAk#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A-L; Volume 2: M-Z by Patrick Taylor</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GnksAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA380&lpg=PA380&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=JZEn3mx_D1&sig=FByO4Ajlm4798eXr_vMU2nqzWM0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQghMAI#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] Charity and the Great Hunger in Ireland: The Kindness of Strangers by Christine Kinealy</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KIFUCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=vJleauWykr&sig=o8pFYSkGCN2GRxOyEMFBZ3q0p2E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQgkMAM#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] Democracy, Culture, Catholicism: Voices from Four Continents edited by Michael Schuck, John Crowley-Buck</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iWteN2XLQdsC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=OuhfBSln_W&sig=vXPLP5dILedQftjzNS-M_9Z7ztw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQgrMAU#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20&f=false] Mission, Communion and Relationship: A Roman Catholic Response to the Crisis of Male Youths in Africa Mission, Communion and Relationship: A Roman Catholic Response to the Crisis of Male Youths in Africa by Peter Addai-Mensah</ref><ref>[http://www.slu.cz/fvp/cz/web-cep/archiv-casopisu/2014-vol-2-no-1/20140201-balogh] Diplomatic Missions of the Holy See in Hungary and East-Central Europe after theSecond World War by Margit BALOGH</ref><ref>[http://www.usc.es/economet/reviews/eers623.pdf] University of Southern California: "WHY IS THE NUMBER OF CATHOLIC PRIESTS DIMINISHING IN PORTUGAL? ANALYSIS OF THE PERIOD 1960-2002 MOURAO, Paulo R.
</ref><ref>[http://iscrizioni.urbaniana.edu/biblioteca/Recensioni/BM75_2011/20-Light%20a%20Candle.%20Encounters%20and%20Friendship%20with%20China.pdf] Light a Candle. Encounters and Friendship with China. Festschrift in Honour of Angelo S. Lazzarotto P.I.M.E. Edited by Roman MALEK and Gianni CRIVELLER. (Collectanea Serica). Sankt Augustin, Institut Monumenta Serica; Nettetal, Steyler Verlag, 2010. viii+564 pp.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nlkiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT125&lpg=PT125&dq=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+vatican&source=bl&ots=QkQoCTvIq2&sig=mN8Fs5HDE2b7VjTaQHcatrcJjwg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj47d6s6NTKAhXJPD4KHd-CBaM4FBDoAQgyMAU#v=onepage&q=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20vatican&f=false] To Whom Does Christianity Belong?: Critical Issues in World Christianity By Dyron B. Daughrity</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CGh-BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1575&lpg=PA1575&dq=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+church&source=bl&ots=crRRlOcue4&sig=3zoNF6xXY1-G2MCvoH-NGenXOlk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRxeTM_9TKAhXBVz4KHV9YA6Q4PBDoAQg0MAg#v=onepage&q=%2B%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20church&f=false] The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics Feb 3, 2015 by Stanley D. Brunn</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dVYdB9TAymYC&pg=PA680&lpg=PA680&dq=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22+recommended+-wiki&source=bl&ots=Nl1QW2sj-6&sig=w6XHyJEqQoAMDdSz28wGOb6b3gE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi55OKZ3dfKAhXJMyYKHShAD1k4ChDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&q=%22catholic.hierarchy.org%22%20recommended%20-wiki&f=false] Eine Marienerscheinung in Zeiten der Diktatur: der Konflikt um Peñablanca By Oliver Grasmück</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AM5DCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA313&lpg=PA313&dq=catholic.hierarchy.org+reliable&source=bl&ots=qymoJUXUS2&sig=_XSZ4Fvk8My0_zODAMnHKbv4owk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZyrji3tTKAhWLPD4KHVJ0CqU4HhDoAQgmMAI#v=onepage&q=catholic.hierarchy.org%20reliable&f=false Sede Vacante Diocesan Administration By Nord Aaron Paul] ''"A privately operated website, catholic.hierarchy.org, proved to have abundant and accurate data and was extremely helpful in finding and confirming the information in other sources"''</ref> [[Vaticanologist]] [[Sandro Magister]] lists it as a recommended site on Catholicism.<ref>[http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/chiesa_web L'espresso - Chi siamo: "Elenco di siti di Chiese e religioni"] retrieved November 14, 2015</ref> It is also used as a reference by other church writers including [[John L. Allen, Jr.]],<ref>[http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/religious-order-bishops-are-long-contested-tradition National Catholic Reporter: "Religious-order bishops are a long but contested tradition" by John L. Allen, Jr.] February 17, 2009 | ''"Based on lists provided by the Catholic Hierarchy Web site (www.catholic-hierarchy.org)''"</ref> canon lawyer [[Edward N. Peters]],<ref>[http://canonlaw.info/ten_bishops.htm Roman Catholic Arch / Bishops of the USA] retrieved October 20, 2016</ref> and [[Rocco Palmo]].<ref>[http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2007/03/pauline-ordination-conspiracy.html Whispers in the Loggia: "The Pauline Ordination Conspiracy?"] March 7, 2007</ref> The [[Zenit News Agency]] states that the webpage provides a "silent, unique service to the Church".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050930/http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=112419 "Hobby Turned Service to the Church - Interview With Web Master of Catholic-hierarchy.org" By Kathleen Naab] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050930/http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=112419 |date=2015-09-24 }} March 29, 2011</ref>

==Sources==
Among the printed sources used are the [[Holy See]] publications: [[Annuario Pontificio]], [[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]] and [[Acta Sanctae Sedis]]. Historical studies by authors whose surnames range from Andrade to Zúñíga are also utilized.<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Cheney |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/sources.html |title=sources |publisher=Catholic-hierarchy.org |date=2013-05-24 |accessdate=2014-06-18}}</ref>

The [[Vatican Information Service]] provides news about changes affecting dioceses and bishops.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}

[[Category:2002 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Christian websites]]
[[Category:Episcopacy in Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic media]]

Konklave 1534

2017-09-21T04:36:21Z

JoeHebda: /* See also */ add section

{{context|date=April 2016}}
{{lead too short|date=April 2016}}

{{Infobox papal conclave
| month = October
| year = 1534
| commonname = 
| dates = 11–13 October 1534
| location = Cappella Parva, [[Apostolic Palace]],<br />[[Papal States]]
| dean = [[Pope Paul III|Alessandro Farnese]]
| vicedean = [[Giovanni Piccolomini]]
| camerlengo = [[Agostino Spinola]]
| protopriest = [[Francesco Cornaro (cardinal)|Francesco Cornaro]]
| protodeacon = [[Innocenzo Cybo]]
| secretary =
| candidates = 
| vetoed = 
| ballots = 1
| pope_elected= [[Pope Paul III|Alessandro Farnese]]
| nametaken = Paul III
| image = Tizian 083b.jpg
| prevconclave_year= 1523
| prevconclave_link=Papal conclave, 1523
| nextconclave_year=1549–50
| nextconclave_link=Papal conclave, 1549–50
}}
The '''[[Papal conclave]] of 1534''' (October 11 – October 13) was convened after the death of '''Pope Clement VII''', and elected as his successor cardinal Alessandro Farnese, who became [[Pope Paul III]].

==List of participants==

[[Pope Clement VII]] died on September 25, 1534. At the time of his death, there were forty six Cardinals, but only thirty five of them participated in the election of his successor:<ref name="list">[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm#1534 List of participants of the conclave of 1534] (by Salvador Miranda), with correction offered by L. Pastor, p. 7 concerning the participation of cardinals Gaddi and Cles (S. Miranda lists them as absentees). Informations about titles and offices held by Cardinals according to their biographical entries on [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/essay.htm Essay of a General List of Cardinals] by Salvador Miranda</ref>

*[[Pope Paul III|Alessandro Farnese]] (created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] on September 20, 1493) – [[Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia e Velletri]]; ''commendatario'' of S. Eustachio; [[Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals]]; [[Bishop of Parma]] and [[Bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières]]; Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Lateran Basilica]]
*[[Giovanni Piccolomini]] (July 1, 1517) – [[Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina]]; Sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
*[[Giovanni Domenico de Cupis]] (July 1, 1517) – [[Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina]]; ''commendatario'' of S. Lorenzo in Lucina; Bishop of [[Nardò]]; Administrator of [[Trani]], Macerata e Recanati, [[Adria]] and Montepeloso
*[[Bonifacio Ferrero]] (July 1, 1517) – [[Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina]]
*[[Lorenzo Campeggio]] (July 1, 1517) – [[Cardinal-Bishop of Albano]]; Administrator of [[Salisbury]], Porenza and [[Crete]]; Cardinal-protector of England
*[[Francesco Cornaro (cardinal)|Francesco Cornaro]] (December 20, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Ciriaco alla Terme; [[Protopriest|Archpriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals]]; Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Vatican Basilica]]
*[[Matthew Lang von Wellenberg]] (March 10, 1511) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Angelo in Pescheria; [[Archbishop of Salzburg]]; [[Bishop of Cartagena]]
*[[Louis de Bourbon de Vendôme]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Sabina; [[Bishop of Laon]]; Administrator of [[Le Mans]]
*[[Benedetto Accolti the Younger]] (May 3, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Eusebio; Archbishop of [[Ravenna]]; Administrator of [[Cremona]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Policastro|Policastro]] and [[Bovino]]; Cardinal-protector of Spain
*[[Agostino Spinola]] (May 3, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Apollinare; [[Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church]]; Administrator of [[Savona]]
*[[Marino Grimani]] (May 3, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Marcello; Administrator of [[Ceneda, Italy|Ceneda]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Concordia-Pordenone|Concordia]] and [[Città di Castello]]
*[[Antonio Sanseverino]], O.S.Io.Hieros. (November 21, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere; Archbishop of [[Taranto]]; Cardinal-protector of the Order of [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]]
*[[Gianvincenzo Carafa]] (November 21, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Pudenziana; Administrator of [[Anglona]]
*[[Andrea Matteo Palmieri]] (November 21, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Clemente; Administrator of [[Lucera]]; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
*[[Francisco Quiñones (cardinal)|Francisco Quiñones]] (December 7, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme; Governor of [[Veroli]] and [[Campagna]]
*[[Ippolito de' Medici]] (January 10, 1529) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso; [[Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church]]; Archbishop of [[Avignon]]; Administrator of [[Monreale]] and [[Lecce]]; Legate in Marche
*[[François de Tournon]] (March 9, 1530) – Cardinal-Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro; [[Archbishop of Bourges]]
*[[Bernhard von Cles]] (March 9, 1530) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio; [[Bishop of Trent]]; president of the Imperial Secret Council
*[[Antonio Pucci (cardinal)|Antonio Pucci]] (September 22, 1531) – Cardinal-Priest of SS. IV Coronati; [[Grand penitentiary]]; [[Bishop of Pistoia]] and [[bishop of Vannes|Vannes]]; Cardinal-protector of Poland and Portugal
*[[Esteban Gabriel Merino]] (February 21, 1533) – Cardinal-Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo; [[Patriarch of the West Indies]]; Bishop of [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]]
*[[Jean Le Veneur]] (November 7, 1533) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Bartolomeo all’Isola; [[Bishop of Lisieux]]
*[[Philippe de la Chambre]], O.S.B. (November 7, 1533) – Cardinal-Priest of SS. Martino ai Monti
*[[Innocenzo Cibo]] (September 23, 1513) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Domnica; [[Protodeacon]] of Sacred College of Cardinals; Archbishop of [[Genoa]]; Administrator of [[Turin]]; Legate in [[Bologna]]
*[[Paolo Emilio Cesi]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Eustachio; Administrator of Orte e Civita Castellana; Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Liberian Basilica]]; Prefect of the Apostolic Signature; Cardinal-protector of the [[Duchy of Savoy]]
*[[Alessandro Cesarini]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata; Administrator of [[Pampeluna]], [[Gerace]] and [[Otranto]]
*[[Giovanni Salviati]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Cosma e Damiano; Administrator of [[Santa Severina]], [[Ferrara]], [[Teano]] and [[Bitetto]]
*[[Nicolò Ridolfi]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin; Administrator of [[Bishop of Vicenza|Vicenza]], [[Imola]] and [[Salerno]]
*[[Agostino Trivulzio]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Adriano; Administrator of [[Toulon]] and [[Bayeux]]; Legate in Marittima e Capmagna
*[[Francesco Pisani]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Marco; ''commendatario'' of S. Maria in Portico and S. Agata in Suburba; Bishop of [[Padua]]; Administrator of [[Treviso]] and [[Cittànova]]
*[[Jean de Lorraine]] (May 28, 1518) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Onofrio; [[Bishop of Metz]]; Administrator of [[Narbonne]], [[Reims]] and [[Verdun]]
*[[Ercole Gonzaga]] (May 3, 1527) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria Nuova; Bishop of [[Mantua]]; Governor of [[Tivoli, Italy|Tivoli]]; Cardinal-protector of Spain
*[[Girolamo Grimaldi (d. 1543)|Girolamo Grimaldi]] (November 21, 1527) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro; Administrator of [[Bari]], [[Brugnato]] and [[Venafro]]
*[[Girolamo Doria]] (January, 1529) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Tommaso in Parione; Administrator of [[Noli]] and [[Tarragona]]
*[[Niccolò Gaddi]] (May 3, 1527) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Teodoro; [[Bishop of Fermo]]; Administrator of [[Cosenza]] and [[Sarlat]]; Cardinal-protector of France
*[[Odet de Coligny de Châtillon]] (November 7, 1533) – Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco; Administrator of [[Toulouse]]

Twenty electors were created by Clement VII and thirteen of [[Leo X]]. Cardinal Dean Farnese was created by [[Alexander VI]], while Cardinal Lang von Wellenberg by [[Julius II]].

==Absentees==

Eleven Cardinals did not participate in this conclave:<ref name="list"/>

*[[François Guillaume de Castelnau-Clermont-Lodève]] (November 29, 1503) – [[Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati]], [[Archbishop of Auch]]; [[Bishop of Agde]]; Legate in [[Avignon]]
*[[Albert of Mainz]] (March 24, 1518) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli; [[Archbishop of Mainz]]; [[Archbishop of Magdeburg]]; Administrator of [[Halberstadt]]
*[[Eberhard von der Mark]] (August 9, 1520) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono; [[Bishop of Liège]]; Administrator of [[Kingdom of Valencia|Valencia]]
*[[Antoine du Prat]] (November 21, 1527) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Anastasia; [[Archbishop of Sens]]; Administrator of [[Albi]] and [[Meaux]]; [[Chancellor of the Kingdom of France]]
*[[Louis de Gorrevod]] (March 9, 1530) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Cesareo in Palatio; [[Bishop of Bourg-en-Bresse]]; Papal Legate in the [[Duchy of Savoy]]
*[[García de Loaysa]], O.P. (March 9, 1530) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Anastasia; [[Bishop of Sigüenza]]; president of ''Consejo Real y Supremo de las Indias''
*[[Íñigo López de Mendoza y Zúñiga]] (March 9, 1530) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano; [[Bishop of Burgos]]
*[[Alonso Manrique de Lara]] (February 22, 1531) – Cardinal-Priest of SS. XII Apostoli; [[Archbishop of Seville]]; [[Grand Inquisitor]] of Spain
*[[Juan Pardo de Tavera]] (February 22, 1531) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Giovanni a Porta Latina; [[Archbishop of Toledo]]; president of the Royal Council of Spain
*[[Claude de Longwy de Givry]] (November 7, 1533) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Agnese in Agone; Administrator of [[Poitiers]] and [[Langres]]
*[[Cardinal-Infante Afonso of Portugal|Alfonso de Portugal]] (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio; [[Archbishop of Lisbon]] and [[Évora]]

Seven absentees were creatures of Clement VII, three of Leo X and one of Julius II.

==Divisions among Cardinals==
[[College of Cardinals]] was divided into three factions:<ref name="div">L. Pastor, p. 7-8</ref>

* '''Italian party''' – it grouped ten Italian Cardinals (Pucci, Salviati, Ridolfi, Medici, Cibo, Spinola, Grimaldi, Cupis, Cesi and Doria). Their leader was Vice-Chancellor [[Ippolito de' Medici]], [[Cardinal-nephew]] of Clement VII.
* '''French party''' – it included six French Cardinals and five Italians (Trivulzio, Sanseverino, Pisani, Gaddi and Palmieri). The leaders of this party were de Lorraine and Tournon.
* '''Imperial faction''' – included seven Italians (Piccolomini, Cesarini, Vincenzo Carafa, Ercole Gonzaga, Campeggio, Grimani and Accolti) as well as two Spanish and two German Cardinals.

Cardinals Farnese, Ferreri and Cornaro were considered neutral.<ref name="div"/>

==Candidates to the papacy==

Although several Cardinals were considered [[papabili]], it was generally thought that Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, dean of the Sacred College, has the best prospects for the election.<ref>L. Pastor, p. 9-10</ref> He had already official support of the king [[Francis I of France]] and of Cardinal Medici, leader of Italian party, who realized this way the will of his uncle Clement VII,<ref>L. Pastor, p. 9</ref> but, as neutral, he was also acceptable for the Imperial faction. Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] declared this time a total disinterest in the result of the papal election, because the last two Popes, Clement VII and [[Adrian VI]], whom he had helped to obtain the [[tiara]], failed his hopes. The great advantage of Cardinal Dean was his relatively advanced age (66) and poor health. It indicated that his pontificate would be very short, so even those cardinals, who themselves had papal ambitions (f.e. Trivulzio), inclined to vote for him, hoping for the next conclave in the near future.<ref>[http://www.pickle-publishing.com/papers/triple-crown-paul-iii.htm Valérie Pirie: „The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves”.]{{unreliable source?|date=April 2016}} Contrary to these expectations, the pontificate of Paul III lasted fifteen years and was the longest in the 16th century. He died on November 10, 1549 at the age of 81.</ref>

== The election of Pope Paul III ==

Conclave began on October 11, but the first electoral assembly took place on the next day. Cardinal de Lorraine in the name of king of France officially proposed the candidature of Farnese, and this initiative immediately obtained the support of Trivulzio, leader of pro-French Italians, and of Medici, leader of the Italian party. The consent of Imperialists was also quickly achieved, and in the evening it was clear that Alessandro Farnese would be elected unanimously.<ref>L. Pastor, p.13.</ref> On October 13 in the morning a formal scrutiny took place, but it was a mere formality: Farnese received all votes except of his own.<ref>L. Pastor, p.14.</ref> He accepted his election and took the name of [[Pope Paul III|Paul III]]. On November 3 he was [[papal coronation|solemnly crowned]] by [[Protodeacon]] [[Innocenzo Cibo]].<ref>Salvador Miranda: [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1493.htm#Farnese Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (Pope Paul III)]</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of popes]]

==References==
<references />

==Sources==
* [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/conclave-xvi.htm#1534 List of participants of papal conclave of 1534 (by Salvador Miranda)]
* [http://www.pickle-publishing.com/papers/triple-crown-paul-iii.htm Valérie Pirie: The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves. Paul III (Farnese).]{{unreliable source?|date=April 2016}}
*[http://www.vaticanhistory.de/vh/html/paul_iii_.html Vatican History]
* L. Pastor "History of the Popes vol. XI", London 1912 (available [https://archive.org/details/historyofthepope11pastuoft here])

{{Papal elections and conclaves from 1061|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Papal conclaves|1534]]
[[Category:1534 elections]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:1534 in Europe]]
[[Category:1534 events]]

Teone Church

2017-09-11T15:44:03Z

JoeHebda: Add: stub notice

{{Infobox church
| name = Teone Church
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The '''Teone Church'''<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/oceania/28494.htm Teone Church in Tuvalu]</ref> also alternatively known as the '''Catholic Church of Teone''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mapcarta.com/es/27550978|title=Teone Catholic Church|website=Mapcarta|access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref> or the '''Catholic Center of Teone''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dfuna.html|title=Funafuti (Mission "Sui Iuris") [Catholic-Hierarchy]|last=Cheney|first=David M.|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref> is the name given to a religious building located in [[Vaiaku]] on the south coast of the island of [[Fongafale]], in the atoll of [[Funafuti]], which is the center economic of the small country in Oceania of [[Tuvalu]].

Despite its small size is the main Catholic church of the place. Follow the Roman or Latin rite and depends on the [[Mission Sui Iuris of Funafuti]] (''Missio sui iuris Funafutina''), affiliated with the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] and suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Suva.

It is under the pastoral responsibility of Reynaldo B. Getalado who is originally from the [[Philippines]].

==See also==
*[[Mission Sui Iuris of Funafuti]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teone, Church}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Tuvalu]]
[[Category:Funafuti]]

{{RC-church-stub}}

Cathédrale de l’Immaculée-Conception de Victoria

2017-08-07T13:28:16Z

JoeHebda: /* See also */ add disambig wikilink

{{lead missing|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Immaculate Conception Cathedral
| fullname =
| other name =Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria
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The '''Immaculate Conception Cathedral'''<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/1942.htm Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria]</ref> ({{lang-fr|Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria}}) or simply '''Cathedral of Victoria''', is the name given to a religious building of the Catholic church that is located in the town of [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], on the island of [[Mahé Island|Mahé]] capital of the African archipelago nation of [[Seychelles]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.ve/books?id=8Ya-pZaviM4C&pg=PA121&dq=Cath%25C3%25A9drale+de+l%252527Immacul%25C3%25A9e-Conception+de+Victoria&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicuZ3v4NfMAhUC7R4KHbN5BwkQ6AEIVjAI#v=onepage&q=Cath%2525C3%2525A9drale%252520de%252520l'Immacul%2525C3%2525A9e-Conception%252520de%252520Victoria&f=false|title=Seychelles 2013-2014 (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs)|last=Auzias|first=Dominique|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|date=2012-09-27|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=2746959518|language=fr}}</ref>

The cathedral is located near the Clock Tower<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsnRr1Y3W5MC|title=Seychelles: Joyau né de l'océan|last=Carpin|first=Sarah|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Editions Olizane|isbn=9782880863760|language=fr}}</ref> (Tour de l'Horloge) and the Anglican Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://a.giscos.free.fr/seychelles/IleMahe/Victoria/CathedraleImmaculeeConception/index.html|title=L'Antre du voyageur onirique -> Page dédié aux Seychelles (Victoria, Mahé, cathédrale Immaculée-Conception)|last=Giscos-Douriez|first=Alexis|website=a.giscos.free.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref> The church was built in 1874 and recalls the French colonial style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seychelles.fr/victoria-histoire.php|title=Victoria, à Mahé aux Seychelles, parcours à travers l'histoire|website=www.seychelles.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref>

It follows the Roman Catholic or Latin rite and serves as the seat of the diocese of Port Victoria ('''Dioecesis Portus Victoriae''' or ''seychellarum'') which was created in 1892 by [[Pope Leo XIII]] In the same year the reconstruction of the cathedral, which had been renewed previously started.

==See also==
*[[Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral (disambiguation)|Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral]]
*[[Roman Catholicism in Seychelles]]

[[File:Capuchin House Victoria Seychelles.jpg|thumb|Capuchin House, beside the Immaculée cathedral, Victoria, Seychelles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|4.6198|S|55.4516|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Seychelles}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Seychelles]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Victoria, Seychelles]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1874]]

Cathédrale de l’Immaculée-Conception de Victoria

2017-08-07T13:16:52Z

JoeHebda: /* top */ add lead notice

{{lead missing|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Immaculate Conception Cathedral
| fullname =
| other name =Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria
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The '''Immaculate Conception Cathedral'''<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/1942.htm Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria]</ref> ({{lang-fr|Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria}}) or simply '''Cathedral of Victoria''', is the name given to a religious building of the Catholic church that is located in the town of [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], on the island of [[Mahé Island|Mahé]] capital of the African archipelago nation of [[Seychelles]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.ve/books?id=8Ya-pZaviM4C&pg=PA121&dq=Cath%25C3%25A9drale+de+l%252527Immacul%25C3%25A9e-Conception+de+Victoria&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicuZ3v4NfMAhUC7R4KHbN5BwkQ6AEIVjAI#v=onepage&q=Cath%2525C3%2525A9drale%252520de%252520l'Immacul%2525C3%2525A9e-Conception%252520de%252520Victoria&f=false|title=Seychelles 2013-2014 (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs)|last=Auzias|first=Dominique|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|date=2012-09-27|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=2746959518|language=fr}}</ref>

The cathedral is located near the Clock Tower<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsnRr1Y3W5MC|title=Seychelles: Joyau né de l'océan|last=Carpin|first=Sarah|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Editions Olizane|isbn=9782880863760|language=fr}}</ref> (Tour de l'Horloge) and the Anglican Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://a.giscos.free.fr/seychelles/IleMahe/Victoria/CathedraleImmaculeeConception/index.html|title=L'Antre du voyageur onirique -> Page dédié aux Seychelles (Victoria, Mahé, cathédrale Immaculée-Conception)|last=Giscos-Douriez|first=Alexis|website=a.giscos.free.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref> The church was built in 1874 and recalls the French colonial style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seychelles.fr/victoria-histoire.php|title=Victoria, à Mahé aux Seychelles, parcours à travers l'histoire|website=www.seychelles.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref>

It follows the Roman Catholic or Latin rite and serves as the seat of the diocese of Port Victoria ('''Dioecesis Portus Victoriae''' or ''seychellarum'') which was created in 1892 by [[Pope Leo XIII]] In the same year the reconstruction of the cathedral, which had been renewed previously started.

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Seychelles]]

[[File:Capuchin House Victoria Seychelles.jpg|thumb|Capuchin House, beside the Immaculée cathedral, Victoria, Seychelles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|4.6198|S|55.4516|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Seychelles}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Seychelles]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Victoria, Seychelles]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1874]]

Cathédrale de l’Immaculée-Conception de Victoria

2017-08-07T13:16:16Z

JoeHebda: ce typo

{{Infobox church
| name = Immaculate Conception Cathedral
| fullname =
| other name =Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria
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| canonmissioner =
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| asstpriest =
| honpriest =
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| asstcurate =
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| pastor =
| chaplain =
| archdeacon =
| deacon =
| deaconness =

| reader =
| student intern =
| organistdom =
| director =
| elder =
| organist =
| organscholar =
| chapterclerk =
| laychapter =
| warden =
| verger =
| businessmgr =
| liturgycoord =
| reledu =
| rcia =
| youthmin =
| flowerguild =
| musicgroup =
| parishadmin =
| serversguild =
| embedded =
}}
The '''Immaculate Conception Cathedral'''<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/1942.htm Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria]</ref> ({{lang-fr|Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria}}) or simply '''Cathedral of Victoria''', is the name given to a religious building of the Catholic church that is located in the town of [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], on the island of [[Mahé Island|Mahé]] capital of the African archipelago nation of [[Seychelles]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.ve/books?id=8Ya-pZaviM4C&pg=PA121&dq=Cath%25C3%25A9drale+de+l%252527Immacul%25C3%25A9e-Conception+de+Victoria&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicuZ3v4NfMAhUC7R4KHbN5BwkQ6AEIVjAI#v=onepage&q=Cath%2525C3%2525A9drale%252520de%252520l'Immacul%2525C3%2525A9e-Conception%252520de%252520Victoria&f=false|title=Seychelles 2013-2014 (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs)|last=Auzias|first=Dominique|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|date=2012-09-27|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=2746959518|language=fr}}</ref>

The cathedral is located near the Clock Tower<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsnRr1Y3W5MC|title=Seychelles: Joyau né de l'océan|last=Carpin|first=Sarah|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Editions Olizane|isbn=9782880863760|language=fr}}</ref> (Tour de l'Horloge) and the Anglican Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://a.giscos.free.fr/seychelles/IleMahe/Victoria/CathedraleImmaculeeConception/index.html|title=L'Antre du voyageur onirique -> Page dédié aux Seychelles (Victoria, Mahé, cathédrale Immaculée-Conception)|last=Giscos-Douriez|first=Alexis|website=a.giscos.free.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref> The church was built in 1874 and recalls the French colonial style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seychelles.fr/victoria-histoire.php|title=Victoria, à Mahé aux Seychelles, parcours à travers l'histoire|website=www.seychelles.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref>

It follows the Roman Catholic or Latin rite and serves as the seat of the diocese of Port Victoria ('''Dioecesis Portus Victoriae''' or ''seychellarum'') which was created in 1892 by [[Pope Leo XIII]] In the same year the reconstruction of the cathedral, which had been renewed previously started.

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Seychelles]]

[[File:Capuchin House Victoria Seychelles.jpg|thumb|Capuchin House, beside the Immaculée cathedral, Victoria, Seychelles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|4.6198|S|55.4516|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Seychelles}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Seychelles]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Victoria, Seychelles]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1874]]

Cathédrale de l’Immaculée-Conception de Victoria

2017-08-07T13:15:16Z

JoeHebda: Update: chg "temple" to "cathedral"; ce

{{Infobox church
| name = Immaculate Conception Cathedral
| fullname =
| other name =Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =Church Victoria Seychelles 1900s.jpg
| imagesize =250px
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| caption =
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| osgraw = 
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| location =[[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]]
| country ={{flag|Seychelles}}
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| previous denomination =
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| reader =
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| reledu =
| rcia =
| youthmin =
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| serversguild =
| embedded =
}}
The '''Immaculate Conception Cathedral'''<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/1942.htm Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria]</ref> ({{lang-fr|Cathédrale de l'Immaculée-Conception de Victoria}}) or simply '''Cathedral of Victoria''', is the name given to a religious building of the Catholic church that is located in the town of [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], on the island of [[Mahé Island|Mahé]] capital of the African archipelago nation of [[Seychelles]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.ve/books?id=8Ya-pZaviM4C&pg=PA121&dq=Cath%25C3%25A9drale+de+l%252527Immacul%25C3%25A9e-Conception+de+Victoria&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicuZ3v4NfMAhUC7R4KHbN5BwkQ6AEIVjAI#v=onepage&q=Cath%2525C3%2525A9drale%252520de%252520l'Immacul%2525C3%2525A9e-Conception%252520de%252520Victoria&f=false|title=Seychelles 2013-2014 (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs)|last=Auzias|first=Dominique|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|date=2012-09-27|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=2746959518|language=fr}}</ref>

The cathedra is located near the Clock Tower<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsnRr1Y3W5MC|title=Seychelles: Joyau né de l'océan|last=Carpin|first=Sarah|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Editions Olizane|isbn=9782880863760|language=fr}}</ref> (Tour de l'Horloge) and the Anglican Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://a.giscos.free.fr/seychelles/IleMahe/Victoria/CathedraleImmaculeeConception/index.html|title=L'Antre du voyageur onirique -> Page dédié aux Seychelles (Victoria, Mahé, cathédrale Immaculée-Conception)|last=Giscos-Douriez|first=Alexis|website=a.giscos.free.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref> The church was built in 1874 and recalls the French colonial style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seychelles.fr/victoria-histoire.php|title=Victoria, à Mahé aux Seychelles, parcours à travers l'histoire|website=www.seychelles.fr|access-date=2016-05-14}}</ref>

It follows the Roman Catholic or Latin rite and serves as the seat of the diocese of Port Victoria ('''Dioecesis Portus Victoriae''' or ''seychellarum'') which was created in 1892 by [[Pope Leo XIII]] In the same year the reconstruction of the cathedral, which had been renewed previously started.

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Seychelles]]

[[File:Capuchin House Victoria Seychelles.jpg|thumb|Capuchin House, beside the Immaculée cathedral, Victoria, Seychelles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|4.6198|S|55.4516|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Seychelles}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Seychelles]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Victoria, Seychelles]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1874]]

Our Lady of the Rosary Church (Koinawa)

2017-07-12T18:37:54Z

JoeHebda: /* History */ ce

{{Orphan|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox church
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| name =Our Lady of the Rosary Church
| fullname =
| other name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =Koinawa-cathedral.jpg
| imagesize =250px
| imagealt =
| caption =Our Lady of the Rosary Church, Koinawa
| pushpin map =
| pushpin label position =
| pushpin map alt =
| relief =
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| latNS =
| latd =
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| country ={{flag|Kiribati}}

| osgridref = 
| osgraw = 
| location =[[Koinawa]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = 
| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date =
| founder =
| dedication =
| dedicated date =
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| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
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| subdivision =
| archbishop =
| bishop =
| abbot =
| prior =
| subprior =
| vicar =
| exarch =
| provost-rector =
| provost =
| viceprovost =
| rector =
| dean =
| subdean =
| archpriest =
| precentor =
| succentor =
| chancellor =
| canonchancellor =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| canonmissioner =
| canontreasurer =
| prebendary =
| priestincharge =
| priest =
| asstpriest =
| honpriest =
| curate =
| asstcurate =
| minister =
| assistant =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| chaplain =
| archdeacon =
| deacon =
| reader =
| student intern =
| organistdom =
| director =
| organist =
| organscholar =
| chapterclerk =
| laychapter =
| warden =
| verger =
| businessmgr =
| liturgycoord =
| reledu =
| rcia =
| youthmin =
| flowerguild =
| musicgroup =
| parishadmin =
| serversguild =
| embedded =
| imagelink =

| deaconness =

| elder =
}}
The '''Our Lady of the Rosary Church'''<ref>[http://mapcarta.com/es/27499770 Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church]</ref> also called the '''Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Rosary''', is the name given to a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and is located in the town of [[Koinawa]] in east of the Atoll [[Abaiang]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aroundguides.com/27499770|title=Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church|website=Around Guides|access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref> in the North of the [[Gilbert Islands]] in the country of [[Kiribati]], [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/7577046/our-lady-of-the-rosary-catholic-church.html|title=GeoNames.org|website=www.geonames.org|access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref>

==History==
{{expand section | additional facts since construction in 1907}}

The church was completed in October 1907 when the territory was a [[protectorate]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the promotion of a priest from [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Abaiang-Social-and-Economic-Report-2008-1-of-2.pdf|title=«Abaiang Social and Economic Report 2008 1 of 2 - Climate Change»|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Follow the Roman or Latin rite and depends on the Diocese of Tarawa and Nauru (''Dioecesis Taravana et Nauruna'') began as the Diocese of Tarawa in 1966 and was created by [[Pope Paul VI]] by bula ''"Prophetarum voces."''

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Kiribati]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:Kathedrale Koinawa innen.jpg|thumb|Internal View]]

{{coord missing|Kiribati}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Our Lady of the Rosary, Church}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Kiribati]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1907]]

Our Lady of the Rosary Church (Koinawa)

2017-07-12T18:36:49Z

JoeHebda: /* History */ add section title; add expand section notice

{{Orphan|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox church
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| name =Our Lady of the Rosary Church
| fullname =
| other name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =Koinawa-cathedral.jpg
| imagesize =250px
| imagealt =
| caption =Our Lady of the Rosary Church, Koinawa
| pushpin map =
| pushpin label position =
| pushpin map alt =
| relief =
| latm =
| latNS =
| latd =
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| map caption =

| country ={{flag|Kiribati}}

| osgridref = 
| osgraw = 
| location =[[Koinawa]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = 
| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date =
| founder =
| dedication =
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| construction cost =
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| length = 
| width = 
| width nave = 
| height =
| diameter = 
| other dimensions =
| floor count =
| floor area = 
| dome quantity =
| dome height outer = 
| dome height inner = 
| dome dia outer = 
| dome dia inner = 
| spire quantity =
| spire height = 
| materials =
| bells =
| bells hung =
| bell weight = 
| parish =
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| archdeaconry =
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| archdiocese =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| archbishop =
| bishop =
| abbot =
| prior =
| subprior =
| vicar =
| exarch =
| provost-rector =
| provost =
| viceprovost =
| rector =
| dean =
| subdean =
| archpriest =
| precentor =
| succentor =
| chancellor =
| canonchancellor =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| canonmissioner =
| canontreasurer =
| prebendary =
| priestincharge =
| priest =
| asstpriest =
| honpriest =
| curate =
| asstcurate =
| minister =
| assistant =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| chaplain =
| archdeacon =
| deacon =
| reader =
| student intern =
| organistdom =
| director =
| organist =
| organscholar =
| chapterclerk =
| laychapter =
| warden =
| verger =
| businessmgr =
| liturgycoord =
| reledu =
| rcia =
| youthmin =
| flowerguild =
| musicgroup =
| parishadmin =
| serversguild =
| embedded =
| imagelink =

| deaconness =

| elder =
}}
The '''Our Lady of the Rosary Church'''<ref>[http://mapcarta.com/es/27499770 Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church]</ref> also called the '''Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Rosary''', is the name given to a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and is located in the town of [[Koinawa]] in east of the Atoll [[Abaiang]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aroundguides.com/27499770|title=Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church|website=Around Guides|access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref> in the North of the [[Gilbert Islands]] in the country of [[Kiribati]], [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/7577046/our-lady-of-the-rosary-catholic-church.html|title=GeoNames.org|website=www.geonames.org|access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref>

==History==
{{expand section | additional facts since construction in 1907}}
The church was completed in October 1907 when the territory was a [[protectorate]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the promotion of a priest from [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Abaiang-Social-and-Economic-Report-2008-1-of-2.pdf|title=«Abaiang Social and Economic Report 2008 1 of 2 - Climate Change»|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Follow the Roman or Latin rite and depends on the Diocese of Tarawa and Nauru (''Dioecesis Taravana et Nauruna'') began as the Diocese of Tarawa in 1966 and was created by [[Pope Paul VI]] by bula ''"Prophetarum voces."''

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Kiribati]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:Kathedrale Koinawa innen.jpg|thumb|Internal View]]

{{coord missing|Kiribati}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Our Lady of the Rosary, Church}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Kiribati]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1907]]

Our Lady of the Rosary Church (Koinawa)

2017-07-12T18:34:29Z

JoeHebda: Update: chg "temple" to "church"

{{Orphan|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox church
| denomination = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| name =Our Lady of the Rosary Church
| fullname =
| other name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =Koinawa-cathedral.jpg
| imagesize =250px
| imagealt =
| caption =Our Lady of the Rosary Church, Koinawa
| pushpin map =
| pushpin label position =
| pushpin map alt =
| relief =
| latm =
| latNS =
| latd =
| longm =
| longEW =
| longd =
| lats =
| longs =
| pushpin mapsize =
| map caption =

| country ={{flag|Kiribati}}

| osgridref = 
| osgraw = 
| location =[[Koinawa]]
| previous denomination =
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = 
| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date =
| founder =
| dedication =
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics =
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status =
| functional status =
| heritage designation =
| designated date =
| architect =
| architectural type =
| style =
| years built =
| groundbreaking =
| completed date =
| construction cost =
| closed date =
| demolished date =
| capacity =
| length = 
| width = 
| width nave = 
| height =
| diameter = 
| other dimensions =
| floor count =
| floor area = 
| dome quantity =
| dome height outer = 
| dome height inner = 
| dome dia outer = 
| dome dia inner = 
| spire quantity =
| spire height = 
| materials =
| bells =
| bells hung =
| bell weight = 
| parish =
| deanery =
| archdeaconry =
| episcopalarea =
| archdiocese =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| archbishop =
| bishop =
| abbot =
| prior =
| subprior =
| vicar =
| exarch =
| provost-rector =
| provost =
| viceprovost =
| rector =
| dean =
| subdean =
| archpriest =
| precentor =
| succentor =
| chancellor =
| canonchancellor =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| canonmissioner =
| canontreasurer =
| prebendary =
| priestincharge =
| priest =
| asstpriest =
| honpriest =
| curate =
| asstcurate =
| minister =
| assistant =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| chaplain =
| archdeacon =
| deacon =
| reader =
| student intern =
| organistdom =
| director =
| organist =
| organscholar =
| chapterclerk =
| laychapter =
| warden =
| verger =
| businessmgr =
| liturgycoord =
| reledu =
| rcia =
| youthmin =
| flowerguild =
| musicgroup =
| parishadmin =
| serversguild =
| embedded =
| imagelink =

| deaconness =

| elder =
}}
The '''Our Lady of the Rosary Church'''<ref>[http://mapcarta.com/es/27499770 Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church]</ref> also called the '''Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Rosary''', is the name given to a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and is located in the town of [[Koinawa]] in east of the Atoll [[Abaiang]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aroundguides.com/27499770|title=Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church|website=Around Guides|access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref> in the North of the [[Gilbert Islands]] in the country of [[Kiribati]], [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/7577046/our-lady-of-the-rosary-catholic-church.html|title=GeoNames.org|website=www.geonames.org|access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref>

The church was completed in October 1907 when the territory was a [[protectorate]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the promotion of a priest from [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Abaiang-Social-and-Economic-Report-2008-1-of-2.pdf|title=«Abaiang Social and Economic Report 2008 1 of 2 - Climate Change»|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Follow the Roman or Latin rite and depends on the Diocese of Tarawa and Nauru (''Dioecesis Taravana et Nauruna'') began as the Diocese of Tarawa in 1966 and was created by [[Pope Paul VI]] by bula ''"Prophetarum voces."''

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Kiribati]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:Kathedrale Koinawa innen.jpg|thumb|Internal View]]

{{coord missing|Kiribati}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Our Lady of the Rosary, Church}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Kiribati]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1907]]

United States Climate Alliance

2017-06-02T01:21:35Z

JoeHebda: /* References */ add section

The '''United States Climate Alliance''' is a group of 3 states and 92 cities in the United States that are committed to upholding the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change within their borders. It was formed on June 1st, 2017, as a result of President [[Donald Trump]]'s decision to withdraw the United States from the agreement.<ref name="waPo06012017">http://governor.wa.gov/news-media/inslee-new-york-governor-cuomo-and-california-governor-brown-announce-formation-united</ref>
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization|conventional_long_name=United States Climate Alliance|image_map=United States Climate Alliance.svg|map_width=220 px|map_caption=United States Climate Alliance member states.|membership={{Collapsible list
|{{flaglist|California}}
|{{flaglist|New York}}
|{{flaglist|Washington}}
}}|population_estimate=66,283,306|population_estimate_year=2016|GDP_PPP=$4.628 trillion|GDP_PPP_year=2016|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$69,816}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Type
!Joined
|-
|California
|State
|June 1, 2017<ref name="waPo06012017" />
|-
|New York
|State
|June 1, 2017<ref name="waPo06012017" />
|-
|Washington
|State
|June 1, 2017<ref name="waPo06012017" />
|}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2017 in the United States]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Climate change in the United States]]
[[Category:Climate change]]

{{Org-stub}}

United States Climate Alliance

2017-06-02T01:20:54Z

JoeHebda: Add: stub notice

The '''United States Climate Alliance''' is a group of 3 states and 92 cities in the United States that are committed to upholding the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change within their borders. It was formed on June 1st, 2017, as a result of President [[Donald Trump]]'s decision to withdraw the United States from the agreement.<ref name="waPo06012017">http://governor.wa.gov/news-media/inslee-new-york-governor-cuomo-and-california-governor-brown-announce-formation-united</ref>
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization|conventional_long_name=United States Climate Alliance|image_map=United States Climate Alliance.svg|map_width=220 px|map_caption=United States Climate Alliance member states.|membership={{Collapsible list
|{{flaglist|California}}
|{{flaglist|New York}}
|{{flaglist|Washington}}
}}|population_estimate=66,283,306|population_estimate_year=2016|GDP_PPP=$4.628 trillion|GDP_PPP_year=2016|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$69,816}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Type
!Joined
|-
|California
|State
|June 1, 2017<ref name="waPo06012017" />
|-
|New York
|State
|June 1, 2017<ref name="waPo06012017" />
|-
|Washington
|State
|June 1, 2017<ref name="waPo06012017" />
|}

[[Category:2017 in the United States]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Climate change in the United States]]
[[Category:Climate change]]

{{Org-stub}}

St. Anthony’s Shrine

2017-05-08T17:29:43Z

JoeHebda: Add: stub notice

{{Infobox religious building
| building_name =St. Anthony's Shrine
| infobox_width =
| image =St. Anthony's Shrine, Kochchikade.jpg
| image_size =
| location =[[Kotahena]], [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| geo =
| religious_affiliation =[[Roman Catholic]]
| consecration_year =
| status =
| functional_status =Active
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| architecture =
| architect =
| architecture_type =
| architecture_style =[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]]
| facade_direction =East
| groundbreaking =1806
| year_completed =1828<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nation.lk/2008/06/08/eye12pic.pdf |title=Sanctuary for the faithful}}</ref>
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =
}}

'''St. Anthony's Shrine''' is a famous Roman Catholic church in the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Colombo]] in [[Sri Lanka]]. The church is located at [[Kotahena]], [[Colombo]], and is dedicated to [[Anthony of Padua]]. The church is declared as national shrine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.christian.gov.lk/ImportantChurches_Kochikade.html |title=St. Anthony's – Kochchikade |publisher=Ministry of Christian Affairs Sri Lanka }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://kochchikade.churchlk.com/index.html St. Anthony's Shrine, Kochchikade]

{{Coord|6|56|48.8|N|79|51|21.9|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic shrines in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Churches in Colombo]]

{{RC-church-stub}}

Gianvincenzo Carafa

2016-12-05T15:22:13Z

JoeHebda: /* See also */ add section; add subj.bar

{{lead too short|date=December 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2016}}
'''Gianvincenzo Carafa''' (1477–1541) was an [[Italians|Italian]] [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]].

==Biography==

A member of the ''della Stadera'' branch of the [[House of Carafa]], Gianvincenzo Carafa was born in [[Naples]] in 1477, the son of Fabrizio Carafa, ''signore'' of [[Torre del Greco]], and Aurelia Tolomei.<ref name=Dictionary>[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1527-ii.htm#Carafa Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]</ref> He was the half-nephew of Cardinal [[Oliviero Carafa]].<ref name=Dictionary />

Early in his career, he became a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] [[deacon]] of the [[cathedral chapter]] of [[Naples Cathedral]].<ref name=Dictionary />

On September 13, 1497, he was elected [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rimini|Bishop of Rimini]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was the administrator of the diocese until he reached the [[canonical age]] of 27; he was elevated to bishop on April 1, 1504, with [[Dispensation (Catholic Church)|dispensation]] for not yet reaching the canonical age.<ref name=Dictionary /> He occupied the see until June 24, 1530, when he resigned in favor of his nephew [[Francesco Carafa]].<ref name=Dictionary />

He participated in the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]] (1512–17).<ref name=Dictionary /> [[Pope Julius II]] wanted to make him a cardinal but [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], who was then occupying the [[Kingdom of Naples]], objected to the promotion of Neapolitans.<ref name=Dictionary /> [[Pope Leo X]] made him an [[Assistant at the Pontifical Throne]].<ref name=Dictionary /> On December 2, 1521, during the ''[[sede vacante]]'' following the death of Pope Leo X, the [[College of Cardinals]] elected him governor of [[Rome]]; he occupied this post until 1522, when [[Pope Adrian VI]] was elected.<ref name=Dictionary />

[[Pope Clement VII]] made him a [[cardinal priest]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of November 21, 1527.<ref name=Dictionary /> He received the [[Galero|red hat]] and the [[titular church]] of [[Santa Pudenziana]] on April 27, 1528.<ref name=Dictionary />

He was the administrator of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tursi-Lagonegro|see of Anglona]] from August 31, 1528 to September 6, 1536, when he resigned in favor of his nephew [[Oliverio Carafa]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was [[Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals]] from January 8, 1533 to January 9, 1534.<ref name=Dictionary />

He participated in the [[Papal conclave, 1534|papal conclave of 1534]] that elected [[Pope Paul III]].<ref name=Dictionary />

From July 26, 1535 until April 21, 1539, he was the administrator of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Acerra|see of Acerra]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He opted for the titular church of [[Santa Prisca]] on July 23, 1537, and for [[Santa Maria in Trastevere]] on November 28, 1537.<ref name=Dictionary /> On August 4, 1539, he opted for the order of [[cardinal bishop]]s and received the [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina|suburbicarian see of Palestrina]].<ref name=Dictionary /> When Pope Paul III went to [[Vicenza]], Cardinal Carafa was [[Papal legate#Legatus a Latere|legate ''a latere'']] in Rome.<ref name=Dictionary />

He died in Naples on August 28, 1541 and is buried in Naples Cathedral.<ref name=Dictionary />

==See also==
*[[Catholic Church in Italy]]

==References==

<references />

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carafa, Gianvincenzo}}
[[Category:1477 births]]
[[Category:1541 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:House of Carafa]]
[[Category:People from Naples]]

Gianvincenzo Carafa

2016-12-05T15:20:48Z

JoeHebda: /* top */ add lead notice; add refimprove notice

{{lead too short|date=December 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2016}}
'''Gianvincenzo Carafa''' (1477–1541) was an [[Italians|Italian]] [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]].

==Biography==

A member of the ''della Stadera'' branch of the [[House of Carafa]], Gianvincenzo Carafa was born in [[Naples]] in 1477, the son of Fabrizio Carafa, ''signore'' of [[Torre del Greco]], and Aurelia Tolomei.<ref name=Dictionary>[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1527-ii.htm#Carafa Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]</ref> He was the half-nephew of Cardinal [[Oliviero Carafa]].<ref name=Dictionary />

Early in his career, he became a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] [[deacon]] of the [[cathedral chapter]] of [[Naples Cathedral]].<ref name=Dictionary />

On September 13, 1497, he was elected [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rimini|Bishop of Rimini]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was the administrator of the diocese until he reached the [[canonical age]] of 27; he was elevated to bishop on April 1, 1504, with [[Dispensation (Catholic Church)|dispensation]] for not yet reaching the canonical age.<ref name=Dictionary /> He occupied the see until June 24, 1530, when he resigned in favor of his nephew [[Francesco Carafa]].<ref name=Dictionary />

He participated in the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]] (1512–17).<ref name=Dictionary /> [[Pope Julius II]] wanted to make him a cardinal but [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], who was then occupying the [[Kingdom of Naples]], objected to the promotion of Neapolitans.<ref name=Dictionary /> [[Pope Leo X]] made him an [[Assistant at the Pontifical Throne]].<ref name=Dictionary /> On December 2, 1521, during the ''[[sede vacante]]'' following the death of Pope Leo X, the [[College of Cardinals]] elected him governor of [[Rome]]; he occupied this post until 1522, when [[Pope Adrian VI]] was elected.<ref name=Dictionary />

[[Pope Clement VII]] made him a [[cardinal priest]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of November 21, 1527.<ref name=Dictionary /> He received the [[Galero|red hat]] and the [[titular church]] of [[Santa Pudenziana]] on April 27, 1528.<ref name=Dictionary />

He was the administrator of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tursi-Lagonegro|see of Anglona]] from August 31, 1528 to September 6, 1536, when he resigned in favor of his nephew [[Oliverio Carafa]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He was [[Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals]] from January 8, 1533 to January 9, 1534.<ref name=Dictionary />

He participated in the [[Papal conclave, 1534|papal conclave of 1534]] that elected [[Pope Paul III]].<ref name=Dictionary />

From July 26, 1535 until April 21, 1539, he was the administrator of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Acerra|see of Acerra]].<ref name=Dictionary /> He opted for the titular church of [[Santa Prisca]] on July 23, 1537, and for [[Santa Maria in Trastevere]] on November 28, 1537.<ref name=Dictionary /> On August 4, 1539, he opted for the order of [[cardinal bishop]]s and received the [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina|suburbicarian see of Palestrina]].<ref name=Dictionary /> When Pope Paul III went to [[Vicenza]], Cardinal Carafa was [[Papal legate#Legatus a Latere|legate ''a latere'']] in Rome.<ref name=Dictionary />

He died in Naples on August 28, 1541 and is buried in Naples Cathedral.<ref name=Dictionary />

==References==

<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carafa, Gianvincenzo}}
[[Category:1477 births]]
[[Category:1541 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:House of Carafa]]
[[Category:People from Naples]]

Weltjugendtag 1991

2016-08-26T03:58:32Z

JoeHebda: /* See also */ add section; add ref section; add RC stub

{{unreferenced|date=August 2016}}
The '''1991 [[World Youth Day]]''' was held in 10–15 August 1991 in [[Jasna Góra Monastery|Jasna Góra]] in [[Częstochowa]], [[Poland]]. It was celebrated in the Pope's native country. Theme was concentrated in the sentences ''You have received a spirit of sonship'' and ''It is for freedom that Christ has set us free''. 1.6 mln gathered on the final Mass. Anthem ''Abba Ojcze'' was composed by [[Jan Góra]] and [[Jacek Sykulski]]

==See also==
*[[Roman Catholicism in Poland]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{World Youth Day|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:World Youth Day|1991]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Poland]]
[[Category:1991 in Poland]]
[[Category:1991 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Częstochowa]]
[[Category:Christianity in Poland]]
{{RC-stub}}
{{Poland-hist-stub}}
{{Christianity-stub}}

Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai

2016-06-07T15:28:23Z

JoeHebda: Update: rm stub notice

{{Infobox organization
| name = Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai
| image =
| size = 250px
| caption =
| abbreviation= CCCCCE
| formation =
| type = Catalan non-profit youth organization
| location = {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| purpose = Catholic youth organization
| headquarters = [[Rome]], {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| membership = 32,000 members{{cn|date=June 2016}}
| leader_title2 = Presidents
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Praeses
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Secretary-General
| leader_name4 =
| website = http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/
}}

'''Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai'''{{Pronunciation needed}} (CCCCCE) is a Catholic youth organization in [[Catalonia]]. CCCCCE is one of the biggest members of the Catalan youth council (Consell Nacional de la Joventut de Catalunya)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> and a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations [[Fimcap]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fimcap.org/en/europe/ccccce|title=Coordinacio Catalana|website=fimcap.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

==Structure==
{{expand section | additional facts of the organizations structure, leadership|date=June 2016}}
CCCCCE is an umbrella organization for the youth work in the [[:Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia|Catholic Catalan dioceses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

== History ==
{{expand section | additional facts from 1957 establishment to present|date=June 2016}}
CCCCCE was founded in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> CCCCCE introduced as first organization in Catalonia the concept of "clubs d'esplais" (English: "leisure clubs"). Later this concept became a model for other youth movements in Catalonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=DTXv-wj3XGgC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3+Catalana+de+Col%25C3%25B2nies+Casals+i+Clubs+d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&source=bl&ots=03vIVUM70O&sig=QJwmdZbJnjofqhKaBIoVCzKgRDM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY0Nn_-5XNAhVHOxoKHSHWBEo4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3%2520Catalana%2520de%2520Col%25C3%25B2nies%2520Casals%2520i%2520Clubs%2520d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&f=false|title=Memòria de la transició a Espanya i a Catalunya: Els joves de la transició|last=Martí|first=Rafael Aracil|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=9788483384077|language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3Cyct3T86oC|title=El Moviment Laic i Progressista: la revolució sense passamuntanyes|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Fundació Ferrer i Guàrdia|isbn=9788487064586|language=ca}}</ref>

==Member organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Sub-groups
!Region
|-
|Fundació Pere Tarrés
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Barcelona, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Barcelona – Formació, Consultoria i Estudis
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|-
|Fundació Esplai Girona – Mare de Déu del Mont (Girona)
|Coordinació de Centres d’Esplai, Servei de Cases de Colònies, Escola de l’Esplai de Girona
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona|Girona]]
|-
|Fundació Verge Blanca
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Lleida, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Lleida
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lleida|Lleida]]
|-
|Fundació Santa Maria de Siurana
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tarragona, Servei de Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Tarragona
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]]
|-
|Fundació Croera
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tortosa, Escola de l’Esplai de Tortosa
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|Tortosa]]
|-
|Fundació d'Esplais Santa Maria de Núria
|
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Diòcesi d’Urgell]]
|}

==Awards==
*1990: [[Creu de Sant Jordi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fimcap}}
{{Catholic youth work}}

[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organisations based in Spain]]
[[Category:Fimcap]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Spain]]

Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai

2016-06-07T15:27:45Z

JoeHebda: /* History */ add expand section notice

{{Infobox organization
| name = Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai
| image =
| size = 250px
| caption =
| abbreviation= CCCCCE
| formation =
| type = Catalan non-profit youth organization
| location = {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| purpose = Catholic youth organization
| headquarters = [[Rome]], {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| membership = 32,000 members{{cn|date=June 2016}}
| leader_title2 = Presidents
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Praeses
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Secretary-General
| leader_name4 =
| website = http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/
}}

'''Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai'''{{Pronunciation needed}} (CCCCCE) is a Catholic youth organization in [[Catalonia]]. CCCCCE is one of the biggest members of the Catalan youth council (Consell Nacional de la Joventut de Catalunya)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> and a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations [[Fimcap]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fimcap.org/en/europe/ccccce|title=Coordinacio Catalana|website=fimcap.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

==Structure==
{{expand section | additional facts of the organizations structure, leadership|date=June 2016}}
CCCCCE is an umbrella organization for the youth work in the [[:Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia|Catholic Catalan dioceses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

== History ==
{{expand section | additional facts from 1957 establishment to present|date=June 2016}}
CCCCCE was founded in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> CCCCCE introduced as first organization in Catalonia the concept of "clubs d'esplais" (English: "leisure clubs"). Later this concept became a model for other youth movements in Catalonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=DTXv-wj3XGgC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3+Catalana+de+Col%25C3%25B2nies+Casals+i+Clubs+d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&source=bl&ots=03vIVUM70O&sig=QJwmdZbJnjofqhKaBIoVCzKgRDM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY0Nn_-5XNAhVHOxoKHSHWBEo4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3%2520Catalana%2520de%2520Col%25C3%25B2nies%2520Casals%2520i%2520Clubs%2520d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&f=false|title=Memòria de la transició a Espanya i a Catalunya: Els joves de la transició|last=Martí|first=Rafael Aracil|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=9788483384077|language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3Cyct3T86oC|title=El Moviment Laic i Progressista: la revolució sense passamuntanyes|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Fundació Ferrer i Guàrdia|isbn=9788487064586|language=ca}}</ref>

==Member organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Sub-groups
!Region
|-
|Fundació Pere Tarrés
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Barcelona, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Barcelona – Formació, Consultoria i Estudis
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|-
|Fundació Esplai Girona – Mare de Déu del Mont (Girona)
|Coordinació de Centres d’Esplai, Servei de Cases de Colònies, Escola de l’Esplai de Girona
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona|Girona]]
|-
|Fundació Verge Blanca
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Lleida, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Lleida
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lleida|Lleida]]
|-
|Fundació Santa Maria de Siurana
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tarragona, Servei de Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Tarragona
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]]
|-
|Fundació Croera
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tortosa, Escola de l’Esplai de Tortosa
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|Tortosa]]
|-
|Fundació d'Esplais Santa Maria de Núria
|
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Diòcesi d’Urgell]]
|}

==Awards==
*1990: [[Creu de Sant Jordi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fimcap}}
{{Catholic youth work}}

{{RC-stub}}

[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organisations based in Spain]]
[[Category:Fimcap]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Spain]]

Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai

2016-06-07T15:26:33Z

JoeHebda: /* Structure */ add exp. section notice

{{Infobox organization
| name = Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai
| image =
| size = 250px
| caption =
| abbreviation= CCCCCE
| formation =
| type = Catalan non-profit youth organization
| location = {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| purpose = Catholic youth organization
| headquarters = [[Rome]], {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| membership = 32,000 members{{cn|date=June 2016}}
| leader_title2 = Presidents
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Praeses
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Secretary-General
| leader_name4 =
| website = http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/
}}

'''Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai'''{{Pronunciation needed}} (CCCCCE) is a Catholic youth organization in [[Catalonia]]. CCCCCE is one of the biggest members of the Catalan youth council (Consell Nacional de la Joventut de Catalunya)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> and a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations [[Fimcap]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fimcap.org/en/europe/ccccce|title=Coordinacio Catalana|website=fimcap.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

==Structure==
{{expand section | additional facts of the organizations structure, leadership|date=June 2016}}
CCCCCE is an umbrella organization for the youth work in the [[:Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia|Catholic Catalan dioceses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

== History ==
CCCCCE was founded in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> CCCCCE introduced as first organization in Catalonia the concept of "clubs d'esplais" (English: "leisure clubs"). Later this concept became a model for other youth movements in Catalonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=DTXv-wj3XGgC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3+Catalana+de+Col%25C3%25B2nies+Casals+i+Clubs+d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&source=bl&ots=03vIVUM70O&sig=QJwmdZbJnjofqhKaBIoVCzKgRDM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY0Nn_-5XNAhVHOxoKHSHWBEo4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3%2520Catalana%2520de%2520Col%25C3%25B2nies%2520Casals%2520i%2520Clubs%2520d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&f=false|title=Memòria de la transició a Espanya i a Catalunya: Els joves de la transició|last=Martí|first=Rafael Aracil|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=9788483384077|language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3Cyct3T86oC|title=El Moviment Laic i Progressista: la revolució sense passamuntanyes|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Fundació Ferrer i Guàrdia|isbn=9788487064586|language=ca}}</ref>

==Member organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Sub-groups
!Region
|-
|Fundació Pere Tarrés
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Barcelona, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Barcelona – Formació, Consultoria i Estudis
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|-
|Fundació Esplai Girona – Mare de Déu del Mont (Girona)
|Coordinació de Centres d’Esplai, Servei de Cases de Colònies, Escola de l’Esplai de Girona
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona|Girona]]
|-
|Fundació Verge Blanca
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Lleida, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Lleida
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lleida|Lleida]]
|-
|Fundació Santa Maria de Siurana
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tarragona, Servei de Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Tarragona
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]]
|-
|Fundació Croera
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tortosa, Escola de l’Esplai de Tortosa
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|Tortosa]]
|-
|Fundació d'Esplais Santa Maria de Núria
|
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Diòcesi d’Urgell]]
|}

==Awards==
*1990: [[Creu de Sant Jordi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fimcap}}
{{Catholic youth work}}

{{RC-stub}}

[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organisations based in Spain]]
[[Category:Fimcap]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Spain]]

Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai

2016-06-07T15:18:39Z

JoeHebda: /* top */ infobox: add cn

{{Infobox organization
| name = Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai
| image =
| size = 250px
| caption =
| abbreviation= CCCCCE
| formation =
| type = Catalan non-profit youth organization
| location = {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| purpose = Catholic youth organization
| headquarters = [[Rome]], {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| membership = 32,000 members{{cn|date=June 2016}}
| leader_title2 = Presidents
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Praeses
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Secretary-General
| leader_name4 =
| website = http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/
}}

'''Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai'''{{Pronunciation needed}} (CCCCCE) is a Catholic youth organization in [[Catalonia]]. CCCCCE is one of the biggest members of the Catalan youth council (Consell Nacional de la Joventut de Catalunya)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> and a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations [[Fimcap]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fimcap.org/en/europe/ccccce|title=Coordinacio Catalana|website=fimcap.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

==Structure==
CCCCCE is an umbrella organization for the youth work in the [[:Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia|Catholic Catalan dioceses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

== History ==
CCCCCE was founded in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> CCCCCE introduced as first organization in Catalonia the concept of "clubs d'esplais" (English: "leisure clubs"). Later this concept became a model for other youth movements in Catalonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=DTXv-wj3XGgC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3+Catalana+de+Col%25C3%25B2nies+Casals+i+Clubs+d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&source=bl&ots=03vIVUM70O&sig=QJwmdZbJnjofqhKaBIoVCzKgRDM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY0Nn_-5XNAhVHOxoKHSHWBEo4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3%2520Catalana%2520de%2520Col%25C3%25B2nies%2520Casals%2520i%2520Clubs%2520d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&f=false|title=Memòria de la transició a Espanya i a Catalunya: Els joves de la transició|last=Martí|first=Rafael Aracil|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=9788483384077|language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3Cyct3T86oC|title=El Moviment Laic i Progressista: la revolució sense passamuntanyes|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Fundació Ferrer i Guàrdia|isbn=9788487064586|language=ca}}</ref>

==Member organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Sub-groups
!Region
|-
|Fundació Pere Tarrés
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Barcelona, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Barcelona – Formació, Consultoria i Estudis
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|-
|Fundació Esplai Girona – Mare de Déu del Mont (Girona)
|Coordinació de Centres d’Esplai, Servei de Cases de Colònies, Escola de l’Esplai de Girona
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona|Girona]]
|-
|Fundació Verge Blanca
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Lleida, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Lleida
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lleida|Lleida]]
|-
|Fundació Santa Maria de Siurana
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tarragona, Servei de Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Tarragona
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]]
|-
|Fundació Croera
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tortosa, Escola de l’Esplai de Tortosa
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|Tortosa]]
|-
|Fundació d'Esplais Santa Maria de Núria
|
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Diòcesi d’Urgell]]
|}

==Awards==
*1990: [[Creu de Sant Jordi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fimcap}}
{{Catholic youth work}}

{{RC-stub}}

[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organisations based in Spain]]
[[Category:Fimcap]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Spain]]

Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai

2016-06-07T15:17:28Z

JoeHebda: /* top */ add pronounciation notice

{{Infobox organization
| name = Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai
| image =
| size = 250px
| caption =
| abbreviation= CCCCCE
| formation =
| type = Catalan non-profit youth organization
| location = {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| purpose = Catholic youth organization
| headquarters = [[Rome]], {{Flag|Catalonia}}
| membership = 32,000 members
| leader_title2 = Presidents
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Praeses
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Secretary-General
| leader_name4 =
| website = http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/
}}

'''Coordinació Catalana de Colònies, Casals i Clubs d’Esplai'''{{Pronunciation needed}} (CCCCCE) is a Catholic youth organization in [[Catalonia]]. CCCCCE is one of the biggest members of the Catalan youth council (Consell Nacional de la Joventut de Catalunya)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> and a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations [[Fimcap]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fimcap.org/en/europe/ccccce|title=Coordinacio Catalana|website=fimcap.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

==Structure==
CCCCCE is an umbrella organization for the youth work in the [[:Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia|Catholic Catalan dioceses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>

== History ==
CCCCCE was founded in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnjc.cat/ca/entitats/coordinaci%25C3%25B3-catalana-de-col%25C3%25B2nies-casals-i-clubs-d%25E2%2580%2599esplai-ccccce|title=Entitats {{!}} Consell Nacional de Joventut de Catalunya|website=www.cnjc.cat|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref> CCCCCE introduced as first organization in Catalonia the concept of "clubs d'esplais" (English: "leisure clubs"). Later this concept became a model for other youth movements in Catalonia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=DTXv-wj3XGgC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3+Catalana+de+Col%25C3%25B2nies+Casals+i+Clubs+d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&source=bl&ots=03vIVUM70O&sig=QJwmdZbJnjofqhKaBIoVCzKgRDM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY0Nn_-5XNAhVHOxoKHSHWBEo4ChDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=Coordinaci%25C3%25B3%2520Catalana%2520de%2520Col%25C3%25B2nies%2520Casals%2520i%2520Clubs%2520d%25E2%2580%2599Esplai&f=false|title=Memòria de la transició a Espanya i a Catalunya: Els joves de la transició|last=Martí|first=Rafael Aracil|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Edicions Universitat Barcelona|isbn=9788483384077|language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3Cyct3T86oC|title=El Moviment Laic i Progressista: la revolució sense passamuntanyes|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Fundació Ferrer i Guàrdia|isbn=9788487064586|language=ca}}</ref>

==Member organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coordinaciocatalana.org/|title=CCCCCE|website=www.coordinaciocatalana.org|access-date=2016-06-07}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name
!Sub-groups
!Region
|-
|Fundació Pere Tarrés
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Barcelona, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Barcelona – Formació, Consultoria i Estudis
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|-
|Fundació Esplai Girona – Mare de Déu del Mont (Girona)
|Coordinació de Centres d’Esplai, Servei de Cases de Colònies, Escola de l’Esplai de Girona
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona|Girona]]
|-
|Fundació Verge Blanca
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Lleida, Servei Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Lleida
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lleida|Lleida]]
|-
|Fundació Santa Maria de Siurana
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tarragona, Servei de Colònies de Vacances, Escola de l’Esplai de Tarragona
|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona|Tarragona]]
|-
|Fundació Croera
|Moviment de Centres d’Esplai Cristians Catalans - Tortosa, Escola de l’Esplai de Tortosa
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa|Tortosa]]
|-
|Fundació d'Esplais Santa Maria de Núria
|
|[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Diòcesi d’Urgell]]
|}

==Awards==
*1990: [[Creu de Sant Jordi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fimcap}}
{{Catholic youth work}}

{{RC-stub}}

[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organisations based in Spain]]
[[Category:Fimcap]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Spain]]

Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods

2016-05-09T13:14:46Z

JoeHebda: /* See also */ add section

{{For|other Sisters of Providence congregations|Sisters of Providence (disambiguation){{!}}Sisters of Providence}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}

{{Infobox Organization
|name = Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana
|image = Sisters-of-Providence-logo.jpg
|image_border =
|size =
|alt = Sisters of Providence logo
|caption =
|map =
|msize =
|malt =
|mcaption =
|abbreviation = S.P.
|motto = Breaking boundaries, creating hope.
|formation = October 22, 1840
|extinction =
|type = [[religious institute]]
|status =
|purpose =
|headquarters = [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana]]
|location = United States, China, Taiwan
|region_served =
|membership =
|language =
|leader_title = General Superior
|leader_name = Sister Denise Wilkinson
|main_organ =
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = [http://www.SistersofProvidence.org sistersofprovidence.org]
|remarks = Founded by [[Theodore Guerin|Saint Mother Theodore Guerin]]
}}

[[File:SaintTheodoraGuerin.jpg|thumb|250px|Mother Theodore Guerin]]
[[File:Church of the Immaculate Conception (Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana), exterior.jpg|thumb|250px|Church of the Immaculate Conception (Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana)]]

The '''Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods''' are an [[Consecrated life (Catholic Church)|apostolic congregation]] of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[women]] founded by Saint [[Theodore Guerin|Theodora Guerin]] (known colloquially as Saint Mother Theodore) at [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana]], in 1840. Mother Theodore and her companions left the [[Sisters of Providence of Ruillé-sur-Loir]], France at the invitation of the Bishop of Vincennes to found the Sisters of Providence in the United States. In 1843, the Indiana congregation became independent of the [[religious institute]] in Ruillé, and the Rules of the Congregation were approved by the Holy See in 1887.<ref name="Dehey">{{cite book | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IOgQAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s | title=Religious Orders of Women in the United States: Accounts of Their Origin and of Their Most Important Institutions | publisher=W. B. Conkey Company | author=Dehey, Elinor Tong | year=1913 | location=Hammond, Indiana | pages=128–133}}</ref>

More than 5,200 women have entered the Sisters of Providence since 1840.<ref name="MediaKit">[http://news.spsmw.org/ Sisters of Providence Media Kit]{{dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref> As of 2014, there are nearly 350 sisters in the institute, roughly 300 of whom live and minister from the motherhouse grounds in Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana. Other sisters minister in 17 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Asia.<ref name="aboutus">{{cite web | url=http://spsmw.org/sp/about-us/ | title=Who are the Sisters of Providence? | publisher=Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods | accessdate=22 October 2014}}</ref>

Currently, foreign missions are in Taiwan and China. Former foreign mission were in Peru and Antigua.<ref name="SPsite"/>

Sisters of Providence are designated by the initials "SP" following their name in print. The congregation is a member of the [[Women of Providence in Collaboration]].

Mother Theodore was canonized on October 15, 2006. Her remains are located in her official shrine near the [[Church of the Immaculate Conception (Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana)|Church of the Immaculate Conception]] at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana,<ref name="WTWOShrine">{{cite web | url=http://www.mywabashvalley.com/story/d/story/new-shrine-for-saint-mother-theodore-guerin/36919/zEGmM6nkYEi-kgvZyRwTIw | title=New Shrine for Saint Mother Theodore Guerin | publisher=WTWO Terre Haute | date=3 October 2014 | accessdate=22 October 2014}}</ref> as well as a portion buried in the [[Sisters of Providence Convent Cemetery]].

==History==
In 1840 at the invitation of Bishop [[Simon Bruté]] of the [[Diocese of Vincennes]], [[Indiana]], the Sisters of Providence of Ruillé-sur-Loir, France sent Sister St. Theodore Guerin to open a school and minister to people in the Diocese of Vincennes. She was accompanied by five other sisters: Sister St. Vincent Ferrer (Victoire) Gagé, Sister Basilide (Josephine) Sénéschal, Sister Olympiade (Therese) Boyer, Sister Mary Xavier (Francis Louise) Lerée and Sister Mary Liguori (Louise Frances) Tiercin.

[[Image:SP first convent marker.jpg|thumb|alt=First Providence Convent.|This stone marks the location of the first motherhouse of the Sisters of Providence.]]

After a rough journey across the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern United States, the sisters arrived in Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana on October 22, 1840.<ref name="catholicencyc">{{Cite CE1913
| wstitle = Congregations of Providence
| first = Sister Mary Theodosia
| last = Mug
}}</ref> They stayed with a local family, Joseph and Sarah Thralls. (This location is now honored with a [[historical marker]] from the [[Indiana Historical Bureau]].)<ref>[http://www.in.gov/history/markers/Guerin.htm Indiana Historical Bureau: Saint Theodora Guérin]</ref>

The Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the Woods was established as a separate community than the founding congregation in Ruillé-sur-Loir. The rules and constitutions received final approval from the Holy See in 1887.<ref name="catholicencyc" />

===Educational ministry===
Educators from the beginning, the sisters began building a school for girls called "The Academy" in 1840. The first student at the academy arrived for enrollment July 4, 1841. The Academy is now known as [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College]] and is the oldest Roman Catholic college for women in the United States. As early as 1846, a charter was granted by the State empowering the institution to confer academic honors and collegiate degrees.<ref name="catholicencyc" />

The sisters soon found themselves in charge of or staffing several local schools, including St. Joseph's Parochial Catholic School, St. Benedict's German Catholic School, and St. Patrick's Day School, all in nearby Terre Haute.<ref name="Bradsby">{{cite book | title=History of Vigo County, Indiana, with Biographical Selections | publisher=S.B. Nelson & Co. | author=Bradsby, H.C. | authorlink=Henry C. Bradsby | year=1891 | location=Chicago | pages=543–544}}</ref> As their reputation grew, the Sisters of Providence would eventually staff schools across Indiana. They would also extend their ministry into Illinois, Massachusetts, California, Florida, Texas, Oklahoma, other states and the District of Columbia. They have also staffed schools internationally in China, Taiwan, and at [[Colegio San José, Arequipa, Peru|Colegio San José]] in Arequipa, Peru.

===Civil War===
In May 1861 the Sisters of Providence were asked to take over the administration of City Hospital in Indianapolis, when measles broke out in the nearby state encampment. The United States Government turned it into a military Hospital for the duration of the war. In June 1864, seventy-five Indianians from Sherman's army were transferred from hospitals in Louisville and Jeffersonville. The hospital also cared for wounded Confederate soldiers. Under the direction of [[Mary Cecilia Bailly]], the sisters took charge of washing, cooking and cleaning; several Sisters served as nurses. In a "Report of the Surgeons of the Military Hospital" to the Inspector General, Doctors John M Kitchen and P.H. Jameson wrote, "In conclusion we feel that ... whatever success may have attended the management of the Hospital is due in a great degree to the noble and self-sacrificing efforts of those meek and worthy women - the sisters of Providence."<ref name="Mug">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/stream/LestWeForgetTheSistersOfProvidenceOfSaintMary-of-the-woodsInCivil/LestWeForget | title=Lest We Forget: The Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods in Civil War Service | publisher=Providence Press | author=Mug, Mary Theodosia | year=1931}}</ref>{{rp|31}}

A Confederate prison was also located in Indianapolis, which held at one time 7,000 prisoners. According to Colonel Oran Perry of the 69th Regiment of Indiana, "It is probable that all the Sisters in the Service in the city here were, at times, on duty in this prison. ... The Sisters were seen everywhere, on the boats, in the barracks, in the streets, always giving the most tender care to the soldiers."<ref name="Mug" />{{rp|52}}

After the [[Battle of Fort Donaldson]], the Bishop of Vincennes offered the use of the seminary for the sick and wounded and the assistance of the sisters to care for them. Soldiers of the 19th Illinois Regiment were cared for at this emergency facility. The Sisters also staffed a contagion ward set up at the college at Vincennes.<ref name="Mug" />{{rp|62}}

At the end of the war the Hospital was returned to the city, and the Sisters opened St John's Infirmary for those soldiers with no place to go, but not yet strong enough to travel.

===Mission in Asia===
The Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods were the first congregation of American women religious to establish a mission in China.

====Ministry in Kaifeng====
In the summer of 1919, Bishop Joseph Tacconi of [[Kaifeng|Kaifeng, China]], met with Sisters of Providence general superior Mother [[Mary Cleophas Foley]] to request sisters for a school for young women in Kaifeng. Sister Marie Gratia Luking led this group of sisters to Kaifeng to open an elementary school and a junior middle school for girls. Luking and her companions arrived in Kaifeng on November 24, 1920. Soon after arriving, the sisters opened a medical dispensary and the Hua Mei School for Girls. The sisters ministered here until 1927 when the Communist army of Mao Zedong reached Kaifeng. The sisters were forced to leave, taking refuge with the [[Maryknoll Sisters]] in Korea.

In 1929 they returned to Kaifeng and opened an orphanage as well as a novitiate for women wanting to enter religious life. This native congregation, the Providence Sister-Catechists, received papal approval in 1932. Ching I Middle School was opened September 12, 1932.

====World War II====
Japan began threatening China by 1935, and air raids, bombings and attacks by soldiers became commonplace. Kaifeng was bombed March 25, 1938. Soon the school and novitiate became a place of refuge for people seeking safe haven. Though Kaifeng fell to the Japanese June 6, 1938, and life became more difficult for the sisters, they remained in their compound.

On December 8, 1941, the sisters' compound in Kaifeng was attacked by Japanese soldiers. The sisters from the United States were forced to relocate to a Baptist mission compound and then a Benedictine Sisters' compound in Kaifeng. On March 22, 1943, the Sisters of Providence and all other U.S. missionaries were interned at the [[Weihsien Compound]], a concentration camp in [[Shandong]]. Five months later U.S. internees were again relocated, this time to [[Peking]] where they were placed under house arrest with the Spanish [[Daughters of Jesus]].

In September 1945 after the war had ended, the sisters returned to Kaifeng and repaired their compound, I Ching School and the novitiate. However, China was soon politically plagued by internal strife between the Communists and the Nationalists. As the Communist armies advanced to Kaifeng, the United States Consulate General advised U.S. citizens to leave. The sisters spent some time with the [[Religious of the Sacred Heart]] in [[Shanghai]].

====Taiwan====

As China fell under [[Communist]] rule, 23 Sisters of Providence and Providence Sister-Catechists moved to [[Taiwan]], then known as [[Formosa]], and settled in [[Taichung]]. Luking and the other sisters began building a new college. The school, now known as [[Providence University]], opened in 1949 and moved to the region of [[Shalu, Taichung]] in 1987.<ref>[http://www.pu.edu.tw/english/ Providence University Homepage]</ref>

Currently, Sisters of Providence work in multiple ministries in [[Taiwan]]. In addition to ministry at [[Providence University]], sisters staff multiple facilities for care of children and adults with mental and/or physical disabilities including St. Theresa Opportunity Center in Yucheng, Reed School in [[Hsinchu]], St. Camillus de Lellis Center for the Mentally Challenged in [[Penghu]] and Miracle Place in Taishan.

Recently, the Sisters of Providence have returned to China again in hopes of establishing ministries there such as elder care, education or religious formation.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Gallagher
| first = Sean
| coauthors =
| title = Providence nuns consider returning to China
| newspaper = The Criterion
| location = Indianapolis
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = August 28, 2007
| url = http://www.catholic.org/diocese/diocese_story.php?id=25180&page=1
| accessdate = October 29, 2009}}</ref>

==Spirituality==
According to their mission statement, Sisters of Providence are "dedicated to the mission of being God's [[Divine Providence|Providence]] in the world by committing ourselves to works of love, mercy and justice in service among God's people."<ref name="SPsite">[http://www.spsmw.org Sisters of Providence main page]</ref>

Individual sisters are free to worship in their own ways and places of ministry. On the motherhouse grounds of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, the congregation has daily mass available in the Church of the Immaculate Conception. The grounds are also home to numerous shrines and sacred places, including the [[Blessed Sacrament Chapel (Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana)|Blessed Sacrament Chapel]], the [[Saint Anne Shell Chapel]], the Grotto of [[Our Lady of Lourdes]], the National Shrine of [[Our Lady of Providence]], and a walking [[labyrinth]]. An outdoor set of the [[stations of the cross]] leads into the Sisters of Providence Convent Cemetery.<ref>[http://spsmw.org/spirituality-prayer/ Sisters of Providence Spirituality & Prayer]</ref>

==Current ministries==
Sisters of Providence work in the areas of education, health care, peace and justice, social services and spiritual development. In addition to the individual ministries of its sisters, the congregation funds multiple ministry organizations.

===Providence Spirituality & Conference Center===

Providence Spirituality & Conference Center is the welcoming center for pilgrims and visitors to the Sisters of Providence at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods. It offers retreats and other events. The facility serves as the entrance to the [[Théodore Guérin#Shrine of Saint Mother Theodore Guerin|Shrine of Saint Mother Theodore Guerin]]. Also preserved at the Center is a set of twelve historical [[diorama]]s, began by [[Henri Marchand]] and completed by Gregory Kamka.<ref name="dioramas">{{cite press release | url=http://spsmw.org/newsrelease/dioramas-receive-makeover/ | title=Dioramas receive 'makeover' | publisher=Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods | date=19 August 2014 | accessdate=22 October 2014}}</ref>

There is also a gift shop, dining services in O'Shaughnessy Dining Hall and the National Shrine of [[Our Lady of Providence]].

===White Violet Center for Eco-Justice===

{{Main|White Violet Center for Eco-Justice}}
White Violet Center for Eco-Justice focuses on [[organic food|organic agriculture]], eco-justice education, [[spiritual ecology]] and social advocacy. Founded in 1995, the center maintains a herd of [[alpacas]], {{convert|343|acre|km2}} of state-certified [[organic food|organic]] farmland, [[bees]], a berry patch, a farmers' market, classified [[forest]] and [[orchards]].<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Cox
| first = Dave
| coauthors =
| title = Providence Sisters work for justice in varied ministries
| newspaper = The Criterion
| location = Indianapolis
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =
| date = January 14, 2005
| url = http://www.archindy.org/criterion/local/2005/01-14/s-providence.htm
| accessdate = October 29, 2009 }}</ref> White Violet Center is considered an "engaged project" by the [[Yale University]] Forum on Religion and Ecology.<ref>[http://fore.research.yale.edu/religion/christianity/projects/white_violet.html Forum on Religion and Ecology]</ref>

===Guerin Outreach Ministries===

Guerin Outreach Ministries is made up of three ministries: Education and Family Services in [[West Terre Haute, Indiana]]; Providence Family Services in West [[Humboldt Park, Chicago]]; and Providence in the Desert in southern [[California]]. These ministries provide adult literacy/[[GED]] instruction, tutoring for school-age children, [[ESL|English as a Second Language]] classes, citizenship classes, music classes, computer literacy classes, and bilingual counseling.<ref>[http://spsmw.org/guerin-outreach-ministries/ Guerin Outreach Ministries]</ref>

===Providence Self Sufficiency Ministries===

Providence Self Sufficiency Ministries, Inc., (PSSM) collaborates with local agencies and organizations to provide need based services including foster care services, family reunification, counseling, low-income housing, senior citizen care, and low-income medical treatment. Associated organizations are Guerin Woods, Providence House for Children, and The Meadows of Guerin in [[Georgetown, Floyd County, Indiana]] and Saint Ann Clinic in [[Terre Haute, Indiana]].<ref>[http://spsmw.org/pssm/ Providence Self Sufficiency Ministries]</ref>

==Peace and justice==
The congregation has elected to focus on several social justice issues: women in church/society, eco-justice, [[racism]], [[nonviolent]] strategies for [[peace]] and [[disarmament]], [[immigrant]] rights, and persons living in [[poverty]].

Several ministries of the Sisters of Providence address these issues, including White Violet Center for Eco-Justice, Guerin Outreach Ministries, Providence Self Sufficiency Ministries.

The Sisters of Providence administer grants to not-for-profit systemic change groups with limited access to other funding through their Poverty and Justice Fund. They are also a founding congregation and sponsoring member of [[8th Day Center for Justice]], based out of [[Chicago]].<ref>[http://spsmw.org/peace-justice/ Sisters of Providence Peace & Justice]</ref>

===Death penalty and prison reform===

Numerous Sisters of Providence participate in prison ministry, visiting and writing to inmates. The General Council of the Sisters of Providence adopted a public stance against the [[death penalty]] in 1995 in collaboration with the [[Leadership Conference of Women Religious]]. Sisters of Providence plan prayer vigils, write letters to government leaders and provide media relations support for this cause.

The only federal [[execution chamber]] in the United States is located at the [[Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute|Federal Correctional Complex]] just south of [[Terre Haute, Indiana]], only five miles away from the motherhouse of the Sisters of Providence in [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana]].

===Nonviolence===

The Sisters of Providence Anti-Racism Team works to dismantle [[systemic racism]] within the Sisters of Providence, their sponsored institutions, places of ministry and the larger society. The Sisters of Providence Litany of [[Non-violence]] reads, in part, "Deliver us from the silence that gives consent to abuse, war and evil. Grant us the desire, and the courage, to risk speaking and acting for the common good."<ref>[http://spsmw.org/2012/05/17/sisters-of-providence-litany-of-non-violence/ Sisters of Providence Litany of Non-violence]</ref>

===Prisoners of Conscience===

Since 1990, numerous Sisters of Providence have been involved with [[School of the Americas Watch]] in protest of the training of mainly [[Latin American]] military officers, by the [[United States Department of Defense]], at the [[School of the Americas]] in [[Fort Benning]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].

Several Sisters of Providence have chosen to take direct action in protest, facing legal repercussions for crossing onto federal property at Fort Benning. For action in November 2001, Sister [[Kathleen Desautels]] was convicted of federal trespassing and served a six-month sentence at the Federal Prison Camp in Greenville, [[Illinois]].<ref>Hanrahan, Clare, ed. ''Jailed for Justice'', pages 124–126. Celtic WordCraft, 2007.</ref> Other sisters have been arrested and sentenced to house arrest, community service and probation.

===Green projects===

In accordance with their commitment to eco-justice, the Sisters of Providence installed a [[biomass]] boiler to heat and power the buildings on their motherhouse grounds in [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana|Saint Mary-of-the-Woods]]. The boiler burns downed trees, trimmings and scrap wood from construction projects, all donated by local tree services, cities and manufacturing companies.

The Sisters of Providence also produce their own [[biodiesel]] for use in lawn mowers and off-road trucks on the grounds. They maintain a significant [[recycling]] program and use a sustainable [[irrigation]] system for their [[organic food|organic]] gardens and [[orchards]].<ref>[http://spsmw.org/sp/about-us/green-projects/ Sisters of Providence Green Projects]</ref>

==Sisters of Providence==

===General superiors===

* [[Theodore Guerin|Saint Mother Theodore Guerin]], congregation foundress and [[Roman Catholic]] [[saint]]; general superior 1840–1856
* [[Mary Cecilia Bailly|Mother Mary Cecilia Bailly]], 1856–1868
* [[Anastasie Brown|Mother Anastasie Brown]], 1868–1874
* [[Mary Ephrem Glenn|Mother Mary Ephrem Glenn]], 1874–1883
* [[Euphrasie Hinkle|Mother Euphrasie Hinkle]], 1883–1889
* [[Mary Cleophas Foley|Mother Mary Cleophas Foley]], 1890–1926, inaugurated [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College]] and began the mission in China
* [[Mary Raphael Slattery|Mother Mary Raphael Slattery]], 1926–1938
* [[Mary Bernard Laughlin|Mother Mary Bernard Laughlin]], 1938–1948
* [[Marie Helene Franey|Mother Marie Helene Franey]], 1948–1953
* [[Gertrude Clare Owens|Mother Gertrude Clare Owens]], 1954–1960
* [[Rose Angela Horan|Mother Rose Angela Horan]], 1960–1966
* [[Mary Pius Regnier|Mother Mary Pius Regnier]], 1966–1976
* [[Loretta Schafer|Sister Loretta Schafer]], 1976–1981
* [[Anne Doherty|Sister Anne Doherty]], 1981–1986
* [[Nancy Nolan|Sister Nancy Nolan]], 1986–1996
* [[Diane Ris|Sister Diane Ris]], 1996–2001
* [[Ann Margaret O'Hara|Sister Ann Margaret O'Hara]], 2001–2006
* [[Denise Wilkinson|Sister Denise Wilkinson]], 2006–

===Other sisters===

* Sister Judith Birgen, professor and Fulbright lecturer (Uganda, 2008)
* [[Cecilia Clare Bocard|Sister Cecilia Clare Bocard]], musician and composer for organ and piano
* [[Barbara Doherty|Sister Barbara Doherty]], educator and theologian, president of [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College]] 1984–1998
* [[Jeanne Knoerle|Sister Jeanne Knoerle]], author and educator, president of [[Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College]] 1968–1983
* [[Esther Newport|Sister Esther Newport]], painter, art educator and founder of the Catholic Art Association
* [[Edith Pfau|Sister Edith Pfau]], painter, sculptor and art educator
* [[Alexa Suelzer|Sister Alexa Suelzer]], theologian, author and educator known for [[Old Testament]] criticism

==See also==
*[[St. Elizabeth Church and School (Van Nuys)|St. Elizabeth Church and School]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{Cite book
| last = Brown
| first = Mary Borromeo
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = History of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods: Volume I
| publisher = Sisters of Providence
| year = 1949
| location = Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}

* {{Cite book
| last = Logan
| first = Eugenia
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = History of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods: Volume II
| publisher = Sisters of Providence
| year = 1978
| location = Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}

* {{Cite book
| last = Madden
| first = Mary Roger
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = The Path Marked Out: History of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods: Volume III
| publisher = Sisters of Providence
| year = 1991
| location = Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}

* {{Cite book
| last = Wolf
| first = Ann Colette
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Against All Odds: Sisters of Providence Mission to the Chinese (1920–1990)
| publisher = Sisters of Providence
| year = 1990
| location = Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}

==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Wikiquote|Théodore Guérin|Saint Mother Theodore Guerin}}
{{Wikisource|Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Congregations of Providence II}}
{{Portal|Catholicism}}
*[http://www.spsmw.org Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods]
*[http://www.provcenter.org Providence Center]
*[http://www.whiteviolet.org White Violet Center for Eco-Justice]
*[https://archive.org/details/constitutionsofs1897sist Constitutions of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the Woods, Diocese of Vincennes, 1897]

{{Catholic congregation}}

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1840]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic female orders and societies]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic religious institutes established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Religious museums in the United States]]
[[Category:Museums in Vigo County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Biographical museums in Indiana]]
[[Category:History of Catholicism in Indiana]]
[[Category:Indiana educational history]]
[[Category:1840 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Indiana]]
[[Category:American Civil War nurses|S]]

Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye

2016-04-29T18:04:09Z

JoeHebda: /* See also */ add section

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = The Most Reverend
| name = Godfrey Okoye
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|list=[[Holy Ghost Fathers|C.S.Sp.]]}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Bishop of Port Harcourt]]
| image =
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 16 May 1961
| term = 1961-1970
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = 30 June 1981
| predecessor = ''none''
| opposed =
| successor = [[Dominic Ignatius Ekandem]]
| other_post =
| ordination = 27 July 1947
| ordained_by =
Charles Heerey
| consecration = 3 September 1961
| consecrated_by = [[Pope John XXIII]]
| cardinal =
| created_cardinal_by =
| rank = Bishop

| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1913|12|19}}
| birth_place = [[Efitedunu]], [[Eastern Region, Nigeria]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|03|17|1913|12|19}}
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
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'''Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye''', C.S.Sp. (19 December 1913 – 17 March 1977) was a [[bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Nigeria]]. He was the first [[Bishop of Port Harcourt]], serving from 3 September 1961 to 7 March 1970. After leaving the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Harcourt|diocese of Port Harcourt]], he became the second [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Enugu|Bishop of Enugu]], succeeding Bishop John Cross Anyogu.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishop Godfrey Okoye, C.S.Sp. †|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bokoye.html|accessdate= 27 April 2016|website=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]}}{{Self-published source|date=April 2016}}</ref>

==Biography==
Okoye was born on 19 December 1913 to Okoye Nwazulu and Ada Oji in [[Ifitedunu]] in the [[Eastern Region, Nigeria|Eastern Region of Nigeria]], now [[Anambra State]]. He was ordained to priesthood by Most Rev. Dr. Charles Heerey, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha|Archbishop of Onitsha]], on 27 July 1947.<ref>{{cite web|title= Our Founder|url=http://www.ddlove.org.ng/about.php?id=3|accessdate= 27 April 2016|work=Daughters of Divine Love Congregation}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|Nigeria}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/phar0.htm Diocese of Port Harcourt]
* [http://www.catholicdioceseenugu.org Catholic Diocese of Enugu]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Okoye, Godfrey}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Enugu]]
[[Category:People from Anambra State]]
[[Category:Nigerian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]

Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye

2016-04-29T18:03:26Z

JoeHebda: /* References */ add self-published notice

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = The Most Reverend
| name = Godfrey Okoye
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|list=[[Holy Ghost Fathers|C.S.Sp.]]}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Bishop of Port Harcourt]]
| image =
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 16 May 1961
| term = 1961-1970
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = 30 June 1981
| predecessor = ''none''
| opposed =
| successor = [[Dominic Ignatius Ekandem]]
| other_post =
| ordination = 27 July 1947
| ordained_by =
Charles Heerey
| consecration = 3 September 1961
| consecrated_by = [[Pope John XXIII]]
| cardinal =
| created_cardinal_by =
| rank = Bishop

| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1913|12|19}}
| birth_place = [[Efitedunu]], [[Eastern Region, Nigeria]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|03|17|1913|12|19}}
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
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'''Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye''', C.S.Sp. (19 December 1913 – 17 March 1977) was a [[bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Nigeria]]. He was the first [[Bishop of Port Harcourt]], serving from 3 September 1961 to 7 March 1970. After leaving the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Harcourt|diocese of Port Harcourt]], he became the second [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Enugu|Bishop of Enugu]], succeeding Bishop John Cross Anyogu.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishop Godfrey Okoye, C.S.Sp. †|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bokoye.html|accessdate= 27 April 2016|website=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]}}{{Self-published source|date=April 2016}}</ref>

==Biography==
Okoye was born on 19 December 1913 to Okoye Nwazulu and Ada Oji in [[Ifitedunu]] in the [[Eastern Region, Nigeria|Eastern Region of Nigeria]], now [[Anambra State]]. He was ordained to priesthood by Most Rev. Dr. Charles Heerey, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha|Archbishop of Onitsha]], on 27 July 1947.<ref>{{cite web|title= Our Founder|url=http://www.ddlove.org.ng/about.php?id=3|accessdate= 27 April 2016|work=Daughters of Divine Love Congregation}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/phar0.htm Diocese of Port Harcourt]
* [http://www.catholicdioceseenugu.org Catholic Diocese of Enugu]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Okoye, Godfrey}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Enugu]]
[[Category:People from Anambra State]]
[[Category:Nigerian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]

Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye

2016-04-29T18:02:32Z

JoeHebda: /* Biography */ add section title

{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = The Most Reverend
| name = Godfrey Okoye
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|list=[[Holy Ghost Fathers|C.S.Sp.]]}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Bishop of Port Harcourt]]
| image =
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| appointed = 16 May 1961
| term = 1961-1970
| term_start =
| quashed =
| term_end = 30 June 1981
| predecessor = ''none''
| opposed =
| successor = [[Dominic Ignatius Ekandem]]
| other_post =
| ordination = 27 July 1947
| ordained_by =
Charles Heerey
| consecration = 3 September 1961
| consecrated_by = [[Pope John XXIII]]
| cardinal =
| created_cardinal_by =
| rank = Bishop

| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1913|12|19}}
| birth_place = [[Efitedunu]], [[Eastern Region, Nigeria]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|03|17|1913|12|19}}
| death_place =
| buried =
| nationality =
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse = 
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms_alt =

| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =

| other =
}}
'''Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye''', C.S.Sp. (19 December 1913 – 17 March 1977) was a [[bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in [[Nigeria]]. He was the first [[Bishop of Port Harcourt]], serving from 3 September 1961 to 7 March 1970. After leaving the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Harcourt|diocese of Port Harcourt]], he became the second [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Enugu|Bishop of Enugu]], succeeding Bishop John Cross Anyogu.<ref>{{cite web|title= Bishop Godfrey Okoye, C.S.Sp. †|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bokoye.html|accessdate= 27 April 2016|website=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]}}</ref>

==Biography==
Okoye was born on 19 December 1913 to Okoye Nwazulu and Ada Oji in [[Ifitedunu]] in the [[Eastern Region, Nigeria|Eastern Region of Nigeria]], now [[Anambra State]]. He was ordained to priesthood by Most Rev. Dr. Charles Heerey, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha|Archbishop of Onitsha]], on 27 July 1947.<ref>{{cite web|title= Our Founder|url=http://www.ddlove.org.ng/about.php?id=3|accessdate= 27 April 2016|work=Daughters of Divine Love Congregation}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/phar0.htm Diocese of Port Harcourt]
* [http://www.catholicdioceseenugu.org Catholic Diocese of Enugu]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Okoye, Godfrey}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Enugu]]
[[Category:People from Anambra State]]
[[Category:Nigerian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]

Haverholme Priory

2016-01-06T13:11:42Z

JoeHebda: Article: add authority control

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name= Haverholme
| static_image_name= Ewerby and Evedon - Haverholme Priory.jpg
| static_image_caption= Ruins of Haverholme Priory
| country= England
| region= East Midlands
| os_grid_reference= TF107494
| map_alt=
| latitude= 53.030800
| longitude= -0.34930122
| post_town= [[Sleaford, Lincolnshire|Sleaford]]
| postcode_area= NG
| postcode_district= NG34
| dial_code=
| constituency_westminster= [[Sleaford and North Hykeham (UK Parliament constituency)|Sleaford and North Hykeham]]
| civil_parish= [[Ewerby and Evedon]]
| shire_district= [[North Kesteven]]
| shire_county= [[Lincolnshire]]
| london_distance_mi= 100
| london_direction= S
}}
'''Haverholme Priory''' was a [[monastery]] in [[Lincolnshire]], England. Its remains are situated {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} north-east from the town of [[Sleaford]] and less than {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} south-west from the village of [[Anwick]].<ref>{{Cite PastScape|mnumber=351056|mname=Haverholme Priory|accessdate=12 November 2014}}</ref>

==Foundation==
[[Gilbert of Sempringham]] founded the only English order of the [[Cistercian]] monks, who were given Haverholme Priory, by [[Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln]], located between the villages of [[Anwick]] and [[Ewerby]] in [[Lincolnshire]]. The Cistercians later sold the monastery to Gilbert.

==Gilbertine operation==
[[File:Haverholme Priory, 1826.jpg|thumb|left|Haverholme Priory in an 1826 sketch in ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'']]
The [[Gilbertine]]s also inherited the responsibility for keeping the neighbouring fens drained, and to maintain a foot ferry to [[Sleaford]] across the [[River Slea]] at [[Ewerby Waith]]. They were however summoned to account in 1316 when it fell into disrepair. They were summoned again in 1360 when Alice Everingham, daughter of [[John de Everingham]], who was supposed to have taken vows, fled from the Priory, only to be hunted down and recaptured. She complained to the Bishop of the time that she had never taken vows and she was being held against her will, so he ordered her to be released.

It is rumoured that [[Thomas Becket]] hid there during one of his arguments with the King.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}
{{clear left}}

==Dissolution and subsequent history==
[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] dissolved the Priory and it had various owners for the next two and a half centuries. It was bought by the Finch-Hatton family. [[George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea]] and 5th Earl of Nottingham rebuilt it in 1830. It was used as a family home by the Finch-Hatton family for almost a century but by the early 1920s it was up for sale.<ref>The Estate Market: Haverholme Priory: Sporting Property. ''[[The Times]]'', 19 August 1921, p. 15, col. G (first paragraph).</ref><ref>"Haverholme Priory". ''The Times'', 31 August 1921, p. 18, columns A and B.</ref> Haverholme was sold in 1926 to an American woman who had most of it dismantled, stone by stone, to be rebuilt in America. The cargo was on the dock in Liverpool when the buyer became a victim in a train crash. Eventually the stones, never shipped to America, were used to build new docks.<ref>[http://www.karenblixen.com/ewerby.html "Denys Finch Hatton's Boyhood Home"], karenblixen.com</ref>

One casualty of this{{what|date=June 2013}} was the [[Sleaford Navigation|Sleaford Canal]] locks, which also fell into disuse, effectively closing the canal.

The present ruin is the remains of a Gothic building built around 1835 by H.E. Kendall, itself a rebuild of an earlier house dating from 1780, and now a Grade II [[listed building]] and designated [[Ancient Monument]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{oscoor gbx|510970_349560}}
* {{IoE|192569}}
* [http://www.archon.nationalarchives.gov.uk/archon/searches/locresult_details.asp?LR=159, Nottingham University Library, Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections], records of Haverholme Priory

{{Monasteries in Lincolnshire |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1139 establishments]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in the 1130s]]
[[Category:History of Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Gilbertine nunneries]]
[[Category:Grade II listed buildings in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 12th century]]
[[Category:Ruins in Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:North Kesteven]]

Forum Oratori Italiani

2015-11-14T01:54:27Z

JoeHebda: Article: mv stub last

{{Underlinked|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Forum Oratori Italiani
| image =
| size = 250px
| caption =
| abbreviation= FOI
| formation =
| type = Italian non-profit youth organization
| country = {{Flag|Italy}}
| purpose = Catholic youth organization
| headquarters = [[Rome]], {{Flag|Italy}}
| membership = 1,000,000 members
| leader_title2 = Presidents
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Praeses
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Secretary-General
| leader_name4 =
| website = [http://www.oratori.org/ www.oratori.org/]
}}

'''Forum Oratori Italiani''' (FOI) is a Catholic youth organization in [[Italy]]. FOI is a member of the Catholic umbrella of youth organizations [[Fimcap]].

==Structure==
FOI is a national umbrella organization of religious associations and bodies involved in youthwork at parish level in Italy. FOI has can count almost 40 member organization and about 6,000 parochial recreation centres, which are called “oratori”. About 1,000,000 young people are attending the activities of FOI. About 150.000 volunteers work for FOI as leaders, catechists and helpers with different roles.<ref>[http://www.fimcap.org/index.php?id=114 Homepage of Fimcap: FOI]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fimcap|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church organizations]]
[[Category:Catholic organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organizations]]
[[Category:Catholic youth organizations]]
[[Category:Christian youth organizations]]
[[Category:Youth organizations based in Italy]]
[[Category:Fimcap]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Italy]]

{{RC-stub}}