Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Gaet'ale

2017-07-01T20:20:39Z

Jcc: bold

'''Gaet'ale Pond''' is a small [[hypersaline lake]] located near [[Dallol]] crater in [[Danakil Depression]] ([[Afar]], Ethiopia). It is placed over a hot spring of tectonic origin and has no apparent inlet or outlet streams. The water of Gaet'ale Pond has a salinity over 43%, which makes it the saltiest water body on earth.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Eduardo|last2=Chebude|first2=Yonas|title=Chemical Analysis of Gaet’ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|date=April 2017|volume=23|issue=2|pages=109–117|doi=10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z}}</ref>

=== Location and Origin ===

Gaet'ale pond is the biggest of a series of small ponds located at about 4 km southeast of [[Dallol]] Springs. The GPS coordinates are 14º12'47.1"N; 40º19'17.3"E. It is crescent-shaped with a diameter of about 60 m.

According to people living in the nearby village of Ahmed’ela, the pond was generated after an earthquake on January 2005.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Master|first1=S|title=Gaet’ale- a reactivated thermal spring and potential tourist hazard in the Asale salt ﬂats, [[Danakil Depression]], Ethiopia|journal=Journal of Applied Volcanology|date=2016|volume=5|pages=1-9}}</ref> The water of the lake is originated from a thermal spring located beneath it, for this reason, its temperature is hotter that the environment (50-60 ºC).

=== Composition of the water ===

The water of Gaet'ale Pond is mainly composed by [[Calcium Chloride]], CaCl2 2.72 mol/kg and [[Magnesium Chloride]], MgCl2 1.43 mol/kg. It also contain small amounts of Na+ K+ and NO2- ions. The total amount of dissolved solids is 43.3% which is equivalent to 764 g per kg of water. The water also contains traces of Fe3+ that form a complex with Cl- which gives the water a characteristic yellow color.

Bubbles of an odourless gas are emitted from the lake. Most likely is volcanically derived CO2. Bird and insect corpses have been found around the pond so it has been proposed that this gases may be harmful for small animals or even human beings.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

Gaet'ale

2017-07-01T20:20:27Z

Jcc: Cleaning up accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9)

Gaet'ale Pond is a small [[hypersaline lake]] located near [[Dallol]] crater in [[Danakil Depression]] ([[Afar]], Ethiopia). It is placed over a hot spring of tectonic origin and has no apparent inlet or outlet streams. The water of Gaet'ale Pond has a salinity over 43%, which makes it the saltiest water body on earth.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Eduardo|last2=Chebude|first2=Yonas|title=Chemical Analysis of Gaet’ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|date=April 2017|volume=23|issue=2|pages=109–117|doi=10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z}}</ref>

=== Location and Origin ===

Gaet'ale pond is the biggest of a series of small ponds located at about 4 km southeast of [[Dallol]] Springs. The GPS coordinates are 14º12'47.1"N; 40º19'17.3"E. It is crescent-shaped with a diameter of about 60 m.

According to people living in the nearby village of Ahmed’ela, the pond was generated after an earthquake on January 2005.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Master|first1=S|title=Gaet’ale- a reactivated thermal spring and potential tourist hazard in the Asale salt ﬂats, [[Danakil Depression]], Ethiopia|journal=Journal of Applied Volcanology|date=2016|volume=5|pages=1-9}}</ref> The water of the lake is originated from a thermal spring located beneath it, for this reason, its temperature is hotter that the environment (50-60 ºC).

=== Composition of the water ===

The water of Gaet'ale Pond is mainly composed by [[Calcium Chloride]], CaCl2 2.72 mol/kg and [[Magnesium Chloride]], MgCl2 1.43 mol/kg. It also contain small amounts of Na+ K+ and NO2- ions. The total amount of dissolved solids is 43.3% which is equivalent to 764 g per kg of water. The water also contains traces of Fe3+ that form a complex with Cl- which gives the water a characteristic yellow color.

Bubbles of an odourless gas are emitted from the lake. Most likely is volcanically derived CO2. Bird and insect corpses have been found around the pond so it has been proposed that this gases may be harmful for small animals or even human beings.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

Gaet'ale

2017-07-01T20:20:27Z

Jcc: Jcc moved page Draft:Gaet'ale Pond to Gaet'ale Pond: Publishing accepted Articles for creation submission (AFCH 0.9)

{{AFC submission|t||ts=20170701175738|u=213.143.50.37|ns=118|demo=}}
Gaet'ale Pond is a small [[hypersaline lake]] located near [[Dallol]] crater in [[Danakil Depression]] ([[Afar]], Ethiopia). It is placed over a hot spring of tectonic origin and has no apparent inlet or outlet streams. The water of Gaet'ale Pond has a salinity over 43%, which makes it the saltiest water body on earth.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Eduardo|last2=Chebude|first2=Yonas|title=Chemical Analysis of Gaet’ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|date=April 2017|volume=23|issue=2|pages=109–117|doi=10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z}}</ref>

=== Location and Origin ===

Gaet'ale pond is the biggest of a series of small ponds located at about 4 km southeast of [[Dallol]] Springs. The GPS coordinates are 14º12'47.1"N; 40º19'17.3"E. It is crescent-shaped with a diameter of about 60 m.

According to people living in the nearby village of Ahmed’ela, the pond was generated after an earthquake on January 2005.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Master|first1=S|title=Gaet’ale- a reactivated thermal spring and potential tourist hazard in the Asale salt ﬂats, [[Danakil Depression]], Ethiopia|journal=Journal of Applied Volcanology|date=2016|volume=5|pages=1-9}}</ref> The water of the lake is originated from a thermal spring located beneath it, for this reason, its temperature is hotter that the environment (50-60 ºC).

=== Composition of the water ===

The water of Gaet'ale Pond is mainly composed by [[Calcium Chloride]], CaCl2 2.72 mol/kg and [[Magnesium Chloride]], MgCl2 1.43 mol/kg. It also contain small amounts of Na+ K+ and NO2- ions. The total amount of dissolved solids is 43.3% which is equivalent to 764 g per kg of water. The water also contains traces of Fe3+ that form a complex with Cl- which gives the water a characteristic yellow color.

Bubbles of an odourless gas are emitted from the lake. Most likely is volcanically derived CO2. Bird and insect corpses have been found around the pond so it has been proposed that this gases may be harmful for small animals or even human beings.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{AFC submission|||ts=20170701181506|u=213.143.50.37|ns=118}}

SBB RABe 501

2016-09-24T09:46:18Z

Jcc:

{{Infobox Schienenfahrzeug
| Farbe1= D81E05
| Farbe2= FFFFFF
| Baureihe= EC250
| Abbildung= InnoTrans 2016 – New Swiss High Speed Train (29705672012).jpg
| Name=
| Nummerierung=
| Hersteller= [[Stadler Rail]]
| Baujahre= 2017 (Inbetriebnahme)
| Ausmusterung=
| Achsformel= 2'Bo'Bo'2'2'2'2'Bo'Bo'2'2'2'
| Maximale Achslast=
| Gattung=
| Spurweite= 1435 mm
| Anfahrzugkraft= 300 kN
| Bremskraft=
| Beschleunigung=
| Höchstgeschwindigkeit= 250 km/h
| LängeÜberKupplung=
| LängeÜberPuffer=
| Länge= 202 m
| Länge Steuerwagens =
| Länge Zwischenwagens =
| Höhe= 4,255 m
| Breite= 2,900 m
| AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle= 2750 mm (Triebdrehgestelle) 2700 mm (Laufdrehgestelle)
| Leermasse= 380 t
| Dienstmasse= 433 t 2 Stehplätze/m² 454 t 4 Stehplätze/m²
| Antrieb=
| Kupplungstyp=
| Bremsen=
| Stromsystem= 15 kV / 16,7 Hz [[Wechselspannung|~]], 25 kV / 50 Hz ~, 3000 V [[Gleichspannung|=]]
| Stromübertragung= 1450 mm und 1950 mm breite Stromabnehmer
| Kurzzeitleistung= 6000 kW [[Wechselspannung|~]], 5400 kW<ref>Starlinger, A./Bühl, R./Legler, T. (2016): [http://www.schienenfahrzeugtagung.at/download/PDF2016/DiV07_Starlinger.pdf Das Zulassungskonzept für den EC 250 / Giruno Hochgeschwindigkeitszug]. Seite 13. PDF-Dokument. abgerufen am 14. Mai 2016. </ref>/4800 kW [[Gleichspannung|=]]
| Stundenleistung=
| Dauerleistung= 4720 kW [[Wechselspannung|~]], 3920 kW [[Gleichspannung|=]]
| Stundenzugkraft=
| Dauerzugkraft=
| AnzahlFahrmotoren= 8
| Fahrstufenschalter=
| Raddurchmesser= 920 mm neu 840 mm abgefahren
| Sitzplätze= 117 1. Klasse 286 2. Klasse 4 Rollstuhlplätze
| Stehplätze= 426
| Fußbodenhöhe= 567/765 mm Trittstufe 682/880 mm Einstiegsbereich 950 mm Rollstuhlbereich 1080-1200 mm Hochflurbereich
| Niederfluranteil=
27 %<ref group="A">3 von 11 Wagen</ref> (550 mm CH, I, D)
100 % (760 mm D)
| Zugsicherung=
}}
Der '''Stadler EC250''' oder '''Giruno'''<ref>http://bazonline.ch/schweiz/standard/Der-neue-Hochgeschwindigkeitszug-der-SBB-nimmt-Formen-an/story/28358233 (abgerufen am 7. Juli 2015)</ref> ist ein geplanter 200 Meter langer 11-teiliger Gliederzug von [[Stadler Rail]]. Die Wagen sind mit [[Jakobsdrehgestell]]en verbunden.<ref name="Stadler">Stadler Rail: [http://www.stadlerrail.com/de/medien/2014/05/13/stadler-rail-gewinnt-ausschreibung-fur-neat-zuge/ Stadler Rail gewinnt Ausschreibung für NEAT-Züge], abgerufen am 5. Juni 2014</ref> Stadler Rail hat bei der Entwicklung des Zuges auf Komponenten der bisherigen Fahrzeugfamilien zurückgegriffen.<ref name="Stadler" /> Am Projekt waren 30 Ingenieure beteiligt. Die Ausarbeitung des Projekts bis zur Angebotsreife hat 12,5 Millionen Franken gekostet. Ab 2019 sollen die Züge durch den neuen [[Gotthard-Basistunnel|NEAT-Gotthard-Basistunnel]] zum Einsatz kommen.<ref>Matthias Pfander: ''[http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wirtschaft/unternehmen-und-konjunktur/Spuhler-und-das-doppelte-Nein/story/10719689 Spuhler und das doppelte Nein]''. Tagesanzeiger, 3. Juni 2014, abgerufen am 5. Juni 2014</ref>

== Ausschreibung ==
Die [[Schweizerische Bundesbahnen|Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen]] (SBB) hatten im Jahr 2012 unter dem Projektnamen «BeNe» ('''Be'''schaffung '''Ne'''ue internationale Züge) insgesamt 29 Züge für den Nord-Süd-Verkehr ausgeschrieben. Die Züge sollten einstöckig und nicht mit Neigetechnik ausgestattet sein, im Unterschied zu den Fahrzeugen des Ost-West-Verkehres, für den die SBB 2010 den [[Bombardier Twindexx Swiss Express| Twindexx Swiss Express]] bei [[Bombardier Transportation]] bestellt hatten. Neben den etablierten Herstellern von Fernverkehrszügen [[Alstom|Alstom Transport]], [[Rail Systems|Siemens Rail Systems]] und [[Patentes Talgo]] beteiligte sich an der Ausschreibung auch der Schweizer Hersteller Stadler.<ref>{{Internetquelle | url=http://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/peinlich-die-sbb-finden-keinen-zug-fuer-den-gotthard-basistunnel-127575073 | titel=Peinlich: Die SBB finden keinen Zug für den Gotthard-Basistunnel | autor=Thomas Schlittler | hrsg=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] | datum= 2014-01-17| zugriff=2015-02-23}}</ref> Stadler baute erfolgreich Regionalzüge, konnte als Fernverkehrsprodukte jedoch nur modifizierte Regionalzüge vorweisen, die nach Österreich und Norwegen geliefert worden waren.<ref name="caboruivo-201405090"/> Nachdem keiner der Anbieter die erforderlichen Anforderungen erfüllen konnte, wurde eine zweite Ausschreibungsrunde gestartet, bei der sich Siemens nicht mehr beteiligte. Am 9. Mai 2014 wurde bekanntgegeben, dass die SBB für 980 Millionen Franken den EC250 ausgewählt haben.<ref name="NZZ-2014-05-09" /> Ausserdem bestehe eine Option für den Kauf von 92 weiteren Kompositionen.<ref name="NZZ-2014-05-09" /> Stadler Rail konnte sich gegen die Konkurrenzangebote von Alstom und Talgo durchsetzen.<ref name="caboruivo-201405090"> Daniel Wachter:''[http://caboruivo.ch/2014/05/09/sbb-auftrag-fuer-29-neue-nord-sued-zuege-geht-an-stadler/ SBB-Auftrag für 29 neue Nord-Süd-Züge geht an Stadler]''. Caboruivo, 9. Mai 2014. Abgerufen am 30. Juni 2014</ref>

Allerdings erhoben beide Wettbewerber Einspruch gegen die Vergabe, weshalb die SBB den Vertrag mit Stadler zunächst nicht unterschreiben durften.<ref>[http://www.watson.ch/!446651715 «Beschwerde eingereicht».] [[Watson.ch]], 2. Juni 2014</ref> Zwar zog Alstom seinen Einspruch im September 2014 zurück,<ref>''Stadler-Konkurrent Alstom zieht seine Beschwerde zurück.'' tagesanzeiger.ch, 17. September 2014</ref> doch die Auftragserteilung blieb weiter blockiert, bis das [[Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Schweiz)|Bundesverwaltungsgericht]] im Oktober 2014 in einem Zwischenbescheid die Klage seitens Talgo als «weitgehend offensichtlich unbegründet»<ref name="NZZ-2015-10-30"/> einstufte und daher die Auftragsvergabe ermöglichte. Am 30. Oktober wurden die Verträge zwischen der SBB und Stadler Rail unterzeichnet.<ref>[http://www.nzz.ch/schweiz/sbb-und-stadler-rail-haben-vertraege-unterzeichnet-neat-zuege-bundesverwaltungsgericht-1.18415607 SBB und Stadler Rail haben Verträge unterzeichnet.] NZZ Online, 31. Oktober 2014, abgerufen am 1. November 2014</ref> Talgo hatte moniert, dass das Angebot von Stadler Rail, das teurer als das eigene sei, von den SBB als das wirtschaftlich günstigste angesehen worden war. Dem hält das Gericht entgegen, dass nicht allein die Anschaffungskosten, sondern auch die künftigen Kosten in die Rechnung einbezogen werden können.<ref Name="NZZ-2015-10-30">{{Internetquelle | url=http://www.nzz.ch/schweiz/sieg-fuer-stadler-rail-und-sbb-1.18414805 | titel=Sieg für Stadler Rail und SBB | autor=Katharina Fontana | hrsg=NZZ Online | datum=2014-10-30 | zugriff=2014-11-01}}
</ref>

Seit 2015 wird das Projekt bei den SBB unter dem Namen «Giruno» (abgeleitet aus [[Bündnerromanisch|rätoromanisch]] ''girùn'' für «[[Bussarde|Bussard]]») geführt.<ref name="SER-2015-04">''Alle BeNe-Züge erhalten einen Speisewagen'', [[Schweizer Eisenbahn-Revue]] 4/2015, Seite 187</ref>

== Einsatz ==
Die neuen Züge sollen ab Ende 2019 in der Schweiz und in Italien, zuerst zwischen Zürich bzw. Basel und Mailand, eingesetzt werden. Am [[Gotthard-Basistunnel|Gotthard]] werden die Züge langfristig die Neigezüge der Typen [[SBB RABDe 500|ICN]] und [[Alstom ETR 610|ETR 610]] ersetzen, die dann auf kurvigen Strecken wie der [[Jurasüdfusslinie]] eingesetzt werden.<ref name="SBB-9Mai14">{{Internetquelle | url=http://www.sbb.ch/sbb-konzern/medien/medienmitteilungen.newsdetail.2014-5-0905_2.html| titel=Rollmaterial-Beschaffung Nord-Süd-Verkehr: SBB vergibt Auftrag für 29 neue Züge an Stadler Rail. | autor=| hrsg=SBB Medienmitteilung | datum=2014-05-09 | zugriff=2014-06-05}}</ref> Der EC250 soll auch in Deutschland und Österreich zugelassen werden.<ref name="NZZ-2014-05-09">Neue Zürcher Zeitung: ''[http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/sbb-vergibt-auftrag-fuer-29-neue-zuege-an-stadler-rail-1.18299275 29 Züge für die SBB: Grossauftrag für Stadler Rail]''. 9. Mai 2014, abgerufen am 5. Juni 2014</ref>

== Inbetriebsetzung ==
An der [[Innotrans|Innotrans 2016]] präsentierte Stadler am 21. September 2016 im Beisein des CEO der Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen (SBB), [[Andreas Meyer]], sowie [[Peter Spuhler]], Group CEO und Eigentümer von Stadler, den neuen Eurocity-Zug ''Giruno'' in Form eines fünfteiligen Kurzzuges. Der erste komplett fertiggestellte 11-teilige Zug soll am 18. Mai 2017 den SBB übergeben werden. Ab Dezember 2019 wird der Zug durch den Gotthard-Basistunnel fahren und Basel/Zürich mit Mailand verbindet.<ref>[http://www.bahnonline.ch/bo/blog/14848/stadler-enthuellt-zusammen-mit-den-sbb-den-ec250giruno.htm ''Stadler enthüllt zusammen mit den SBB den EC250 „Giruno“''] auf bahnonline.ch vom 23. September 2016</ref>

== Fahrzeuge ==
[[Datei:Stadler EC 250 - model Trako 2015 (Flyz1 WG 34-2015).jpg|mini|Modell des Stadler EC250]]

Die Flotte sollte laut ursprünglicher Bestellung aus zwei Varianten bestehen: 19 Züge mit Speisewagen (Typ 1) und 10 Züge ohne Speisewagen, dafür mit einem zusätzlichen Zweitklasswagen (Typ 2). Anfang 2015 haben die SBB beschlossen, alle 29 Züge mit Speisewagen zu bestellen, so dass es keine Unterschiede mehr innerhalb der Flotte geben wird.<ref name="SER-2015-04" />

Der EC250 wird auf jeder Seite über zwei Einstiege auf 550 mm verfügen ([[Bahnsteighöhe]] in der Schweiz, in Italien und teilweise in Deutschland), jeweils an den Wagen vor und nach dem [[Speisewagen]]. Zusätzlich wird sich in Wagenmitte aller Wagen auf jeder Seite ein Einstieg auf 760 mm befinden.<ref>Hans Galli: ''[http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wirtschaft/unternehmen-und-konjunktur/Was-die-neuen-SBBZuege-mitbringen/story/18478195#clicked0.48992741502597864 Was die neuen SBB-Züge mitbringen].'' Tagesanzeiger, 10. Mai 2014. Abgerufen am 5. Juni 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.blick.ch/news/giruno-das-ist-der-neue-gotthard-zug-id3947566.html «Giruno» - Das ist der neue Gotthard-Zug] in [[Blick online]]</ref>

Ein erster verkürzter Zug wird auf der [[InnoTrans]] in Berlin ab dem 20. September 2016 gezeigt.<ref>[http://www.virtualmarket.innotrans.de/de/EC250,dct5-177 EC 250, Fahrzeug von Stadler, Freigelände/T8/40], InnoTrans Virtual Market Place</ref> <ref>[http://stadlerrail.com/de/meta/news-medien/article/stadler-der-innotrans-2016/ Stadler an der InnoTrans 2016]</ref>

=== Zugtaufen ===
Die ersten 26 Fahrzeuge werden wie die [[SBB Ae 6/6#Loktaufen|Ae 610]] nach den [[Kanton (Schweiz)|Schweizer Kantonen]] benannt und die drei letzten erhalten die Namen ''Gotthard'', ''Simplon'' und ''Ceneri''.<ref>[http://caboruivo.ch/2015/06/20/giruno-erster-stadler-ec250-soll-ende-2016-an-die-sbb-uebergeben-werden/ Giruno: Erster Stadler EC250 soll Ende 2016 an die SBB übergeben werden] in caboruivo.ch</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:90%;"
|-
| width="12%" align="center" | RABe 504 001 || width="3%" | [[Datei:Tessin-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" width="17%" | [[Kanton Tessin]]
| width="2%" rowspan="10" bgcolor="#B2B2B2" |
| width="12%" align="center" | RABe 504 011 || width="3%" | [[Datei:Zug-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" width="17%" | [[Kanton Zug]]
| width="2%" rowspan="10" bgcolor="#B2B2B2" |
| width="12%" align="center" | RABe 504 021 || width="3%" | [[Datei:Grisons-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" width="17%" | [[Kanton Graubünden]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 002 || [[Datei:Uri-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Uri]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 012 || [[Datei:Zurich-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Zürich]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 022 || [[Datei:Vaud-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Waadt]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 003 || [[Datei:Schwytz-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Schwyz]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 013 || [[Datei:Schaffhouse-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Schaffhausen]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 023 || [[Datei:Valais-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Wallis]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 004 || [[Datei:Lucerne-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Luzern]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 014 || [[Datei:Berne-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Bern]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 024 || [[Datei:Neuchatel-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Neuenburg]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 005 || [[Datei:Nidwald-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Nidwalden]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 015 || [[Datei:Thurgovie-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Thurgau]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 025 || [[Datei:Coat of Arms of Geneva.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Genf]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 006 || [[Datei:Obwald-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Obwalden]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 016 || [[Datei:Glaris-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Glarus]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 026 || [[Datei:Jura-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Jura]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 007 || [[Datei:Argovie-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Aargau]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 017 || [[Datei:Fribourg-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Freiburg]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 027 || || align="left" | [[Gotthard-Basistunnel|Gotthard]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 008 || [[Datei:Solothurn-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Solothurn]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 018 || [[Datei:St.Gallen-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton St. Gallen]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 028 || || align="left" | [[Simplontunnel|Simplon]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 009 || [[Datei:BaleCampagne-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Basel-Landschaft]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 019 || [[Datei:AppenzellRI-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Appenzell Innerrhoden]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 029 || || align="left" | [[Ceneri-Basistunnel|Ceneri]]
|-
| align="center" | RABe 504 010 || | [[Datei:Bale-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Basel-Stadt]]
| align="center" | RABe 504 020 || [[Datei:AppenzellRE-coat of arms.svg|15px]] || align="left" | [[Kanton Appenzell Ausserrhoden]]
| colspan="3" |
|}

== Kritik ==
Stadler Rail bezeichnet den EC250 als „weltweit ersten einstöckigen Niederflur-Hochgeschwindigkeitszug“,<ref name="Stadler" /> obwohl bereits niederflurige Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge existieren (z. B. [[Talgo]] [[Talgo 250|250]] und [[Talgo 350|350]] mit einer durchgängigen Fussbodenhöhen von 760 mm). Im Gegensatz zu diesen sind beim EC250 Rampen oder Treppen zu überwinden, um auf die Fussbodenhöhe von 940 mm beziehungsweise 1200 mm (über den Drehgestellen) zu kommen.

== Literatur ==
* {{Literatur | Autor=N.N. | Titel=SBB-Entscheid über Züge für Nord-Süd-Verkehr | Sammelwerk=Elektrische Bahnen | Nummer=10/2014 | Auflage= | Verlag=DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag | Ort=München | Jahr=2014 | Monat=10 | Seiten=571 | ISSN=0013-5437}}

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.bahnonline.ch/wp/74752/rollmaterial-beschaffung-nord-sued-verkehr-sbb-vergibt-auftrag-29-neue-zuege-an-stadler-rail.htm Rollmaterial-Beschaffung Nord-Süd-Verkehr: SBB vergibt Auftrag für 29 neue Züge an Stadler Rail] (Projekt-Bilder)
* [http://caboruivo.ch/2014/05/09/sbb-auftrag-fuer-29-neue-nord-sued-zuege-geht-an-stadler/ SBB-Auftrag für 29 neue Nord-Süd-Züge geht an Stadler Rail] (Details zum Einsatz)
* Stadler Rail AG, Marketing & Kommunikation (2014): [https://wwwstadlerrailcom-live-01e96f7.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/filer_public/9c/89/9c89ec6f-0569-4b60-ac77-6bcaf4d4101d/ec250_sbb_de.pdf Elektrischer Hochgeschwindigkeits-Triebzug EC250 für die Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen (SBB), Schweiz]. PDF-Dokument (3,73 MB). abgerufen am 29. Juni 2016.
* Starlinger, A./Bühl, R./Legler, T. (2016): [http://www.schienenfahrzeugtagung.at/download/PDF2016/DiV07_Starlinger.pdf Das Zulassungskonzept für den EC 250 / Giruno Hochgeschwindigkeitszug (erweiterte technische Beschreibung mit Erklärung des Zulassungsprozesses)]. Seiten 12, 14. PDF-Dokument. abgerufen am 14. Mai 2016.

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

== Anmerkungen ==
<references group="A">
</references>

[[Kategorie:Triebfahrzeug (Schweizerische Bundesbahnen)|Stadler EC 250]]
[[Kategorie:Schienenfahrzeug (Stadler)]]

DB-Baureihe 102

2016-09-23T16:33:45Z

Jcc:

{{Infobox Schienenfahrzeug
|Baureihe=DB-Baureihe 102 Škoda-Typ 109 E3
|Farbe1=0B4559
|Abbildung=InnoTrans 2016 – New PESA Baureihe 102 for DB Regio Bavaria (29735912521).jpg
|Name=
|Nummerierung= 102 001 – 006
|Hersteller= [[Škoda Transportation]], Plzeň
|Baujahre= 2016
|Ausmusterung=
|Anzahl= 6 (bestellt)
|Achsformel=Bo’Bo’<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Spurweite=1435 mm
|Treibraddurchmesser=1250 mm
|Anfahrzugkraft=275 kN<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Leistungskennziffer=
|Höchstgeschwindigkeit= 200 km/h<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|LängeÜberPuffer=18.000 mm<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Höhe=4275 mm <ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Breite=3080 mm<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Drehzapfenabstand=8.700 mm
|AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle=2.500 mm
|Gesamtradstand=11.200 mm
|Dienstmasse=88 t <ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Radsatzfahrmasse=
|Antrieb=[[Hohlwellenantrieb]] mit [[Drehstrom-Asynchronmaschine|Drehstromasynchronmotoren]]
|Bremsen=elektrische [[Widerstandsbremse]], Dauerleistung 4.700 kW elektrische Netzbremse, Dauerleistung 6.963 kW
|Zugheizung=
|Lokbremse=
|Zugbremse=
|Halbmesser=120 m
|Besonderheiten=
|Stromsystem=15 kV/16,7 Hz~
|Stromübertragung=Oberleitung
|Stundenleistung=
|Dauerleistung=6400 kW<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|Dauerzugkraft=220 kN<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/>
|AnzahlFahrmotoren=4
|Farbe2
|Zusatzbremse=
|Feststellbremse=
|Zugsicherung= [[European Train Control System|ETCS ]] mutmaßlich L2 SRS 2.30d + Hochrüstung <ref>http://www.zelpage.cz/zpravy/9634?lang=de Škoda představila lokomotivy řady 102 pro DB Regio vom 29. Juni 2016 abgerufen am 19. September 2016</ref> [[Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung|PZB]] [[Linienzugbeeinflussung|LZB]]
}}
Die Fahrzeuge der '''DB-Baureihe 102''' sind elektrische Lokomotiven von [[DB Regio]] für den Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr, die dem [[Škoda 109E|Typ 109 E]] des tschechischen Herstellers [[Škoda Transportation]] entsprechen. Die sechs bestellten, aber bislang noch nicht ausgelieferten Lokomotiven sind für den [[München-Nürnberg-Express ]] vorgesehen, wo sie ab Dezember 2016 zusammen mit neugebauten Doppelstockwendezügen zum Einsatz kommen sollten.

== Geschichte ==
[[Datei:DB Class 102, Velim railway test circuit (Czech Republic) b.webm|thumb|links|Testfahrt der 102 002 auf dem [[Eisenbahnversuchsring Velim]] (Juni 2016)]]
Nach dem Gewinn der Ausschreibung ''Ringzug West / NBE'' bestellte [[DB Regio Oberbayern]] bei Škoda für den Einsatz im [[München-Nürnberg-Express]] 6 Lokomotiven des Typs Škoda 109 E3<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM"/> für den Einsatz ab Dezember 2016. Die Lok bekommt dabei die DB-Baureihenbezeichnung 102. Im Gegensatz zu den Schwesterbaureihen bestellte die DB keine Mehrsystemversion, sondern nur eine Lokomotive für die in Deutschland üblichen 15 kV Wechselstrom.<ref>http://www.skoda.cz/de/press/zum-downloaden/neuer-katalog-fahrzeuge-deutschland/Contents.2/0/66E3341EBFAA9DBC85EA8B064122BF44/resource.pdf</ref> Die Baureihe 102 soll mit Škoda-[[Doppelstockwagen|Doppelstockwendezügen]] mit jeweils 6 Wagen den schnellen Regionalverkehr mit einer Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 200 km/h auf der [[Schnellfahrstrecke Nürnberg–Ingolstadt–München]] bestreiten. DB Regio Oberbayern forderte hierbei nur eine Zulassung für 189 km/h. Der Auftrag für die 6 Zuggarnituren hat einen Wert von 100 Millionen Euro.<ref>{{Internetquelle |titel=DB Regio orders Škoda trainsets for fast regional services |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/db-regio-orders-skoda-trainsets-for-fast-regional-services.html|datum=2013-06-18|zugriff=2013-06-18| sprache=en }}</ref><ref>{{Internetquelle |url=http://www.deutschebahn.com/de/presse/pi_regional/4051232/by20130617a.html | titel=DB Regio Oberbayern freut sich über den Gewinn der Ausschreibung Ringzug West / NBS | werk= | autor= | hrsg=[http://www.deutschebahn.com/ DB Konzern] | datum=2013-06-17 | zugriff=2013-06-18| sprache= }}</ref><ref>{{Internetquelle | url=http://skoda.cz/de/press/pressemitteilungen/ab-2016-fahrt-in-bayern-high-speed-lok-von-skoda/ | titel=Ab 2016 fährt in Bayern High Speed Lok von Škoda | werk= | autor= | hrsg=[http://skoda.cz/de/ Škoda Transportation] | datum=2013-06-18 | zugriff=2013-06-18| sprache= }}</ref>

Ende April 2016 wurde die erste Lokomotive (102 001) zum [[Eisenbahnversuchsring Velim]] überführt.<ref name="eri-2016-289">{{Literatur | Titel=DB 102 in Velim | Sammelwerk=[[Eisenbahn-Revue International]] | ISSN=1421-2811 | Band= | Nummer=6 | Jahr=2016 | Seiten= 289 | Online= }}</ref>

Die Auslieferung von Lokomotive und Wagen verzögert sich um ca. zwei Jahre <ref> http://dmm.travel/news/artikel/lesen/2016/07/neue-db-lok-von-porsche-design-75957/</ref> Škoda begann mit den ersten Testfahrten der ersten beiden Loks für die EBA-Zulassung der Baureihe in Velim im 2. Quartal 2016<ref>http://ekonomika.idnes.cz/skoda-ukazala-prvni-lokomotivu-pro-deutsche-bahn-f70-/eko-doprava.aspx?c=A160627_140031_eko-doprava_kris , 27. Juni 2016, abgerufen am 13. September 2016</ref>

== Technische Merkmale ==

In einigen Details (z. B. Führerstände) weichen die Lokomotiven von den ČD 380 ab.<ref>http://www.zelpage.cz/zpravy/9634?lang=de Škoda představila lokomotivy řady 102 pro DB Regio vom 29. Juni 2016, abgerufen am 19. September 2016</ref>.

== Weblinks ==
{{Commonscat|DB Class 102}}
*[http://www.skoda.cz/de/produkte/elektrische-lokomotiven/ Offizielle Seite der aktuellen elektrischen Lokomotiven von Škoda]
*[http://www.skoda.cz/de/press/zum-downloaden/neuer-katalog-fahrzeuge-deutschland/Contents.2/0/66E3341EBFAA9DBC85EA8B064122BF44/resource.pdf Offizielle Broschüre zu Skodas NIM-Express]

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references>
<ref name="Skoda-Broschuere-NIM">{{Internetquelle
|url=http://www.skoda.cz/de/produkte/elektrische-lokomotiven/lokomotive-emil-zatopek-deutschland/Contents.3/0/DA2CAD3241B6C71CF858703E667A050A/resource.pdf
|titel=Moderne Wendezüge
|titelerg=Auf der regionalen Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke Nürnberg–Ingolstadt–München
|hrsg=Škoda Transportation, DB Regio AG
|datum=2014-09-12
|zugriff=2015-02-21
|format=PDF; 1,51 MiB
|sprache=de
}}</ref>
</references>

[[Kategorie:Triebfahrzeug (Deutsche Bahn)|102]]
[[Kategorie:Schienenfahrzeug (Škoda Transportation)]]

TfL Rail

2016-08-21T11:07:26Z

Jcc: better image that's not tinted orange

{{Infobox public transit
|name = TfL Rail
|image = TFL Rail roundel.svg
|imagesize = 150px
|image2 = 315 821 speeding through Forest Gate.jpg
|caption2 = TfL Rail train at {{rws|Forest Gate}} in 2015
|imagesize2 = 300px
|owner = [[Transport for London]]
|locale = [[Greater London]] and [[Essex]]
|transit_type = [[Commuter rail]]
|lines = 1
|stations = 14
|annual_ridership =
|website = {{url|tfl.gov.uk/modes/tfl-rail/}}
|began_operation = 31 May 2015
|operator = [[MTR Corporation|MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd]]
|marks = XR
|system_length = {{convert|20|mi|16|chain|km}}
|track_gauge = [[Standard gauge|Standard]]
|el =
|map= {{TfL Rail}}
}}

'''TfL Rail''' is the current name of the [[commuter rail]]way line in [[London]] and its environs that serves the 14 stations on the [[Great Eastern Main Line]] from {{stn|Liverpool Street}} in central London to {{rws|Shenfield}} in Essex. It is operated by [[MTR Corporation|MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd]] under contract to [[Transport for London]] (TfL), and forms part of the future [[Crossrail]] route from Shenfield to {{rws|Reading}} and [[Heathrow Terminal 4 railway station|Heathrow Airport]].<ref>[http://www.mtreurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/MTR-Press-Release-Crossrail-July-2014.pdf MTR Corporation Named as Preferred Operator for Crossrail, London’s Brand New 21st Century Rail Service] "MTR Corporation" 18 July 2014</ref>

TfL Rail took control of the Liverpool Street to Shenfield "metro" service in May 2015. It will be re-branded as the Elizabeth line in December 2018 when the central underground section of the route opens.<ref>[http://mtrcrossrail.co.uk/company-profile/crossrail/ MTR Crossrail | Crossrail]</ref><ref name="panel_presentation022015">{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Howard|title=Crossrail – Moving to the Operating Railway Rail and Underground Panel 12 February 2015|url=https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/rup-20150212-part-1-item-09-crossrail.pdf|website=12 February 2015|publisher=Transport for London|accessdate=13 February 2015|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20150213113944/https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/rup-20150212-part-1-item-09-crossrail.pdf|archivedate=13 February 2015|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name=Standard>{{cite news |url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/crossrail-named-the-elizabeth-line-royal-title-unveiled-as-the-queen-visits-bond-street-a3186791.html |work=Evening Standard |title=Crossrail named the Elizabeth line: Royal title unveiled as the Queen visits Bond Street station |first=Robert |last=Jobson |accessdate=23 February 2016 |date=23 February 2016}}</ref>

==History==
In June 2013 TfL announced that [[Arriva]], [[MTR Corporation]], [[Keolis]]/[[Go-Ahead Group]] and [[National Express Group]] had been shortlisted to bid for the concession to operate [[Crossrail]], which was under construction.<ref>[http://www.crossrail.co.uk/news/articles/tfl-announces-shortlist-of-bidders-to-run-crossrail-services TfL announces shortlist of bidders to run Crossrail services] Crossrail 25 June 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.railnews.co.uk/news/2013/06/25-crossrail-shortlist-reveals-four-contenders.html Crossrail shortlist reveals four contenders] ''Rail News'' 25 June 2013</ref>

In July 2014 TfL awarded the contract to MTR, with a duration of eight years with an option to extend by an additional two years.<ref>[http://www.crossrail.co.uk/news/articles/tfl-announces-mtr-to-run-crossrail-services TfL announces MTR to run Crossrail services] Crossrail 18 July 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/mtr-corporation-wins-14bn-contract-to-run-crossrail-services MTR Corporation wins £1.4 billion contract to run Crossrail services] ''Rail Technology Magazine'' 18 July 2014</ref>

MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd was created as a new [[train operating company]] and took control of the "metro" service between Liverpool Street and Shenfield from the previous operator, [[Abellio Greater Anglia]], in May 2015. The existing {{Brc|315}} trains were re-painted in the TfL Rail livery, and appropriate branding, advertising and message boards were added at the 14 stations along the line. Every station is also staffed from first train to last of the day.

==Route==

TfL Rail utilises the existing {{convert|20|mi|16|chain|km}} of track on the [[Great Eastern Main Line]] between Liverpool Street and Shenfield. The future Crossrail route will retain most of the use of this track, except the portion between Liverpool Street and {{stn|Stratford}}, where trains will use new underground tunnels to connect to the central section of the route.

The 14 stations on TfL Rail are:<ref>https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/liverpool-street-romford-shenfield.pdf</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Station || [[Travelcard#The zones|Zone]] || Local authority || Interchange || Managed by
|-
|{{stn|Liverpool Street}} ||1|| [[City of London]] || {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} {{rail-interchange|london|underground}} {{rail-interchange|london|overground}}
|[[Network Rail]]
|-
|{{stn|Stratford}} || 2/3 || [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] || {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} {{rail-interchange|london|underground}} {{rail-interchange|london|overground}} {{rail-interchange|london|dlr}}
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Maryland}}|| 3 || Newham ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Forest Gate}}|| 3 || Newham ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Manor Park}} || 3/4 || Newham ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Ilford}} || 4 || [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]] ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Seven Kings}} || 4 || Redbridge ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Goodmayes}} || 4 || Redbridge ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Chadwell Heath}} || 5 || [[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking & Dagenham]] ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Romford}} || 6 || [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]] || {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}} {{rail-interchange|london|overground}}
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Gidea Park}} || 6 || Havering ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Harold Wood}} || 6 || Havering ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Brentwood}} || 9 || [[Borough of Brentwood|Brentwood]] ||
|TfL Rail
|-
|{{rws|Shenfield}} || C || Brentwood || {{rail-interchange|gb|rail}}
|[[Abellio Greater Anglia]]
|}

==Services==

The typical Monday-Saturday off-peak service pattern is:

*6 trains per hour (tph) from {{stn|Liverpool Street}} to {{rws|Shenfield}}, calling at all intermediate stations;
*6 tph from Shenfield to Liverpool Street, calling at all intermediate stations.

During peak times, service frequency is increased and calling patterns vary, with some stations omitted on certain services.

On Sundays there are typically two trains per hour between Liverpool Street and Shenfield and two trains per hour between Liverpool Street and [[Gidea Park railway station|Gidea Park]].

===Future services===

The schedule of the handover of services on the Crossrail route is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Stage
!Date
!Notes
|-
|Stage 0
|May 2015
|Existing services between {{stn|Liverpool Street}} (main line station) and {{rws|Shenfield}} transferred from [[Abellio Greater Anglia]] to TfL Rail
|-
|Stage 1
|May 2017
|New {{Brc|345}} trains brought into service
|-
|Stage 2
|May 2018
|Existing services between Paddington (main line station) and [[Heathrow Terminal 4 railway station|Heathrow Terminal 4]] transferred from [[Heathrow Connect]] to TfL Rail, as well as shuttle services between [[Heathrow Central railway station|Heathrow Central]] and Heathrow Terminal 4 transferred from [[Heathrow Express]] to TfL Rail
|-
|Stage 3
|December 2018
|Services between Paddington (Crossrail station) and {{rws|Abbey Wood}} begin; route rebranded as Elizabeth line
|-
|Stage 4
|May 2019
|Services between Paddington (Crossrail station) and Shenfield via Liverpool Street (Crossrail station) begin; limited services retained between Liverpool Street (main line station) and {{rws|Gidea Park}}
|-
|Stage 5
|December 2019
|Full route opens, linking Abbey Wood and Shenfield to Heathrow Airport via Paddington, and existing services between {{rws|Reading}} and Paddington transferred to Crossrail and extended to Abbey Wood and Shenfield
|}

Between Shenfield and Liverpool Street once the Crossrail brand has been introduced there will be at least 12 trains per hour at peak times and eight per hour during off-peak times.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.crossrail.co.uk/route/eastern-section/ |title= Eastern section |work=Crossrail |date =25 August 2015 |author=Crossrail |location =London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wharf.co.uk/2011/04/crossrail-will-leave-a-positiv.html |title=Crossrail will leave a positive legacy says chairman |work=The Wharf |date=19 April 2011 |author=Hayes, Simon |location=London |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315135938/http://www.wharf.co.uk/2011/04/crossrail-will-leave-a-positiv.html |archivedate=March 15, 2012 }}</ref>

==Rolling stock==
TfL Rail operations commenced with the existing fleet of {{Brc|315}} rolling stock. These units will be replaced by 66 new {{Brc|345}} trains built by the Canadian firm [[Bombardier Transportation]].<ref name=DfT6Feb14>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/crossrail-rolling-stock-and-depot-contract-to-be-awarded-to-bombardier Crossrail rolling stock and depot contract to be awarded to Bombardier] Department for Transport 6 February 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/bombardier-wins-crossrail-train-contract.html Bombardier wins Crossrail train contract] ''Railway Gazette'' 6 February 2014</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|----- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
! rowspan="2" | Class 
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" |Type
! colspan="2" | Top speed 
! rowspan="2" | Number 
! rowspan="2" | Routes operated 
! rowspan="2" | Built 
! rowspan="2" | Years in operation 
|----- bgcolor=#f9f9f9
! mph 
! km/h 
|-
|{{Brc|315}}
|[[File:Class 315 at Romford.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|[[Electric multiple unit|EMU]]
|align=center|75
|align=center|120
|align=center|44
|{{stn|Liverpool Street}} to {{rws|Shenfield}}
|align=center|1980–81
|align=center|2015–present
|-
|{{Brc|345}} ''[[Aventra]]''
|
|align=center|[[Electric multiple unit|EMU]]
|align=center|90
|align=center|145
|align=center|66
|{{rws|Reading}} and [[Heathrow Terminal 4 railway station|Heathrow Airport]] to {{rws|Abbey Wood}} and Shenfield
|align=center|2015–18
|align=center|From May 2017
|-
|}

The {{Brc|315}} trains will continue to be maintained at the existing [[Ilford]] depot.

The {{Brc|345}} fleet will be maintained at a new depot at [[Old Oak Common TMD|Old Oak Common]].<ref name=DfT6Feb14/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.crossrail.co.uk/|title=Crossrail|publisher=Crossrail|accessdate=21 July 2014}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/|title=Transport for London|publisher=Transport for London|accessdate=21 July 2014}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Abellio Greater Anglia]] [[East Anglia franchise|Greater Anglia franchise]] 31 May 2015}}
{{s-ttl|rows=3=3|title=Operated by MTR Crossrail
|years=2015 – 2023}}
{{s-inc|rows=3}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]]''' [[Greater Western franchise]] }}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Heathrow Connect]]''' [[Heathrow Airport Holdings]] & [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] from May 2018}}
{{end}}

{{Crossrail navbox}}
{{Transport in London}}
{{Current UK TOCs}}

[[Category:Crossrail]]
[[Category:Train operating companies]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in England]]

Virgin Trains East Coast

2016-03-22T20:09:29Z

Jcc: /* Rolling stock */

{{Infobox Rail companies
|name = Virgin Trains East Coast
|logo_filename = VirginTrainsLogo.svg
|logo_width = 200
|image_filename = 43 316 at Kings Cross by Hugh Llewelyn.jpg
|widthpx = 300
|caption = HST Powercar 43316 at [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]]
|franchise = [[InterCity East Coast]] 1 March 2015 – 31 March 2023
|nameforarea=route
|regions=[[London]] - [[Aberdeen]] [[London]] - [[Edinburgh]] [[London]] - [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] [[London]] - [[York]] [[London]] - [[Leeds]] [[London]] - [[Newark-on-Trent|Newark]]
|secregions=[[London]] - [[Inverness]] [[London]] - [[Glasgow]] [[London]] - [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]] [[London]] - [[Skipton]] [[London]] - [[Bradford]] [[London]] - [[Harrogate]] [[London]] - [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] [[London]] - [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]]
|abbr = GR<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/browse%20documents/eNRT/May15/Commercial_Information.pdf |title=Commercial Information |work=National Rail Timetable |edition=Sunday 17 May 2015 to Saturday 12 December 2015 |publisher=Network Rail |location=Milton Keynes |issn=1367-0352 |pages=12, 20 |accessdate=5 July 2015 }}</ref>
|fleet = 31 [[InterCity 225]] sets 14 [[InterCity 125]] sets
|stations = 53
|stationsop = 12
|parent_company = [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]] (90%) [[Virgin Group|Virgin]] (10%)
|website = www.virgintrainseastcoast.com
|map = [[File:Virgin Trains East Coast vector map (May 2015).jpg|300px|Route map]]}}

'''Virgin Trains East Coast'''<ref>[http://data.companieshouse.gov.uk/doc/company/04659708 Companies House extract company no 4659708] East Coast Main Line Company Limited</ref> is a [[train operating company]] in the United Kingdom that operates the [[InterCity East Coast]] franchise on the [[East Coast Main Line]] between [[London]], [[Yorkshire]], the [[North East England|North East]] and [[Scotland]]. It commenced operations on 1 March 2015, taking over from [[East Coast (train operating company)|East Coast]]. It is a [[joint venture]] between [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]] (90%), and [[Virgin Rail Group]] (10%).

==History==
In January 2014, [[FirstGroup]], [[Keolis]]/[[Eurostar International Limited|Eurostar]] and [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]]/[[Virgin Group|Virgin]] were announced as the shortlisted bidders for the new [[InterCity East Coast]] franchise.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/business-25775802 East Coast rail shortlist revealed] ''BBC News'' 17 January 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/intercity-east-coast-franchise-shortlist-announced.html InterCity East Coast franchise shortlist announced] ''[[Railway Gazette]]'' 17 January 2014</ref>
In November 2014, the eight-year franchise was awarded to the Stagecoach/Virgin [[joint venture]] company Inter City Railways Limited,<ref name=company8753471>[http://data.companieshouse.gov.uk/doc/company/08753471 Companies House extract company no 8753471]</ref> and commenced operating on 1 March 2015 trading as Virgin Trains East Coast.<ref name=BBC27Nov14>[http://www.bbc.com/news/business-30222458 Stagecoach and Virgin win East Coast mainline rail franchise] ''BBC News'' 27 November 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/more-seats-more-services-and-new-trains-for-east-coast-passengers More seats, more services and new trains for East Coast passengers] Department for Transport 27 November 2014</ref><ref name=RailwayGazette27Nov14>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/pound33bn-premium-wins-east-coast-franchise-for-stagecoach-and-virgin.html 3.3bn premium wins East Coast franchise for Stagecoach and Virgin] ''Railway Gazette'' 27 November 2014</ref><ref>[http://railwaymagazine.co.uk/news/stagecoach-virgin-bid-wins-east-coast-franchise Virgin bid wins East Coast franchise] ''[[The Railway Magazine]]'' 27 November 2014</ref>

==Services==
[[File:East Coast Main Line inter-city services.svg|thumb|300px|Typical off-peak Monday-Friday service pattern (including other inter-city services)]]
Virgin Trains East Coast took over all of the services operated by East Coast. It categorises its weekday services from {{rws|London King's Cross}} into four routes:<ref name=route_map>[http://www.virgintrainseastcoast.com/globalassets/downloads/pdf/vtec-route-map-2015-dl.pdf Route Map] Virgin Trains East Coast</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="1" | !! Route !! Off-peak frequency !! Calling at (off-peak) !! Peak-time extensions
|-
|style="background:#19A438; color:White" width="16px" | <big><big><big>'''A'''</big></big></big> ||{{rws|London King's Cross}} - {{rws|Leeds}} (and West Yorkshire) || 2tph || | xx:05 service calling at {{rws|Peterborough}}, {{rws|Doncaster}}, {{rws|Wakefield Westgate}} and {{rws|Leeds}}
xx:35 service calling at {{rws|Stevenage}}, {{rws|Grantham}}, {{stnlnk|Doncaster}}, {{rws|Wakefield Westgate}} and {{rws|Leeds}}
|
1tpd to {{rws|Skipton}}

1tpd to {{rws|Bradford Forster Square}}

1tpd to {{rws|Harrogate}}
|-
| style="background:#8D2E88; color:White" width="16px" | <big><big><big>'''B'''</big></big></big> ||London King's Cross - [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh]] (fast) || 1tph || | {{rws|York}}, {{rws|Darlington}}, {{rws|Newcastle Central}}, {{rws|Berwick-upon-Tweed}}, [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]]
||
1tpd to {{rws|Inverness}}

1tpd to [[Stirling railway station, Scotland|Stirling]]

4tpd to {{rws|Aberdeen}} (3 from London King's Cross, 1 from Leeds)
|-
|style="background:#F29104; color:White" width="16px" | <big><big><big>'''C'''</big></big></big> || London King's Cross - {{rws|Newcastle Central}} and [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh]] || 1tph to Newcastle; 1tp2h extended to Edinburgh || {{rws|Peterborough}}, {{rws|Newark North Gate}}, {{rws|Doncaster}}, {{rws|York}}, {{rws|Northallerton}} (1tp2h), {{rws|Darlington}}, {{rws|Durham}}, {{rws|Newcastle Central}}, {{stnlnk|Alnmouth}}, [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]]

(Northallerton is served by trains to and from Newcastle only)
||
1tpd to {{rws|Glasgow Central}}

1tpd to {{rws|Sunderland}}
|-
| style="background:#1B93D1; color:White" width="16px" | <big><big><big>'''D'''</big></big></big> ||London King's Cross - [[Newark North Gate railway station|Newark]] / {{rws|York}} || 1tph to Newark, 1tp2h extended to York || | {{rws|Stevenage}}, {{rws|Peterborough}}, {{rws|Grantham}}, {{rws|Newark North Gate}}, {{rws|Retford}}, {{rws|Doncaster}}, {{rws|York}} || |

1tpd to {{rws|Lincoln}}

1tpd to [[Hull Paragon Interchange|Hull]]
|}

===New services===
Virgin Trains East Coast introduced once per day services to [[Stirling railway station, Scotland|Stirling]] and {{stn|Sunderland}} via {{rws|Newcastle}} on 14 December 2015, along with one extra service each weekday evening between Hull and Doncaster via Selby.<ref>[http://blog.virgintrainseastcoast.com/post/2015/12/18/triple-swoop-for-virgin-trains Triple Swoop for Virgin Trains]</ref> It is proposing to extend services from [[Newcastle railway station|Newcastle]] to [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh]] in May 2016 and extend services that terminate at [[Newark North Gate railway station|Newark]] and [[York railway station|York]] to [[Lincoln railway station|Lincoln]] and [[Harrogate railway station|Harrogate]] respectively.<ref name=RailwayGazette27Nov14/> In May 2019, it is proposed that a half-hourly service to Edinburgh be introduced with a fleet of six to eight 7-car [[InterCity 225]] sets operating limited stops services. In May 2020, it is proposed to extend services to [[Huddersfield railway station|Huddersfield]] and [[Middlesbrough railway station|Middlesbrough]].<ref name=BBC27Nov14/><ref name=RailwayGazette27Nov14/><ref>"Stagecoach/Virgin bid wins East Coast franchise" ''[[The Railway Magazine]]'' issue 1366 January 2015 page 6</ref><ref name=Rail778>"Review delays ORR decision on ECML train paths" ''[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]'' issue 778 8 July 2015 page 10</ref>

==Rolling stock==
Virgin Trains East Coast inherited a fleet of [[InterCity 125]] and [[InterCity 225]]s from [[East Coast (train operating company)|East Coast]]. Most driving vehicles received a Virgin logo within the first three days of the franchise, and all train sets received a full Virgin Trains East Coast livery by November 2015. Attention then turned to the interiors with toilets to be refreshed and seat covers and carpets replaced,<ref>[http://www.virgintrainseastcoast.com/about-us/planned-improvements/ Planned Improvements] Virgin Trains East Coast</ref> with the first refurbished set entered service on 31 December 2015.

In July 2015, an additional InterCity 125 set was transferred from [[East Midlands Trains]].<ref>"Mk3s transferred to VTEC" ''Rail'' issue 779 22 July 2015 page 29</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#f9f9f9;"
! rowspan="2" | Trainset 
! rowspan="2" | Class 
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" | Type 
! colspan="2" | Top speed 
! rowspan="2" | Number 
|- style="background:#f9f9f9;"
! mph 
! km/h 
|-
|rowspan="2"|'''[[InterCity 125]]'''
|[[British Rail Class 43 (HST)|Class 43]]
|[[File:VTEC HST at Sunderland.jpg|150px]]
|[[Diesel locomotive]]
|125
|200
|32
|-
|[[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3 carriage]]
|[[File:BR Mk.III HST TGS No.44027 by Hugh Llewelyn.jpg|150px]]
|[[Passenger car (rail)|Passenger carriage]]
|125
|200
|117
|-
|rowspan="3"|'''[[InterCity 225]]'''
|[[British Rail Class 91|Class 91]]
|[[File:VTEC 91 at London Kings Cross.jpg|150px]]
|[[Electric locomotive]]
|140
|225
|31
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[British Rail Mark 4|Mark 4 carriage]]
|[[File:Virgin Trains East Coast Mk 4 by Matt Buck.jpg|150px]]
|[[Passenger car (rail)|Passenger carriage]]
|140
|225
|302
|-
|[[File:VTEC 82200 at Leeds.jpg|150px]]
|[[Driving Van Trailer]]
|140
|225
|31
|}

===Future===

All of the current fleet are scheduled to be replaced by [[British Rail Class 800|Class 800]]/[[British Rail Class 801|Class 801]] high-speed trains by December 2018. These will operate in 9-carriage and 5-carriage sets.<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/intercity-rail-travel-presentation-to-the-institute-of-mechanical-engineers Intercity Rail Travel Presentation] Department for Transport 27 June 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/rolling-stock/britains-intercity-express-programme-reaches-financial-close.html#.UFT3YVEkp8s Britain's Intercity Express Programme reaches financial close] ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' 25 July 2012</ref> In March 2016, VTEC announced that its IEP trains would carry the brand name ''Azuma'', the Japanese word for "East".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-35842408 |title=Edinburgh to London train journey time to be cut to four hours |author= |date=18 March 2016 |website=BBC News |publisher= |access-date=18 March 2016 |quote=}}</ref>

If VTEC's application to operate extra limited stops services to Edinburgh is successful, it is proposing to operate these with a fleet of eight 7 to 8-carriage [[InterCity 225]] sets.<ref name=Rail778/>
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#f9f9f9;"
! rowspan="2" | Trainset 
! rowspan="2" | Class 
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" |Type
! colspan="2" | Top speed 
! rowspan="2" | Number of Units 
! rowspan="2" | Carriages 
! rowspan="2" | Routes 
|- style="background:#f9f9f9;"
! mph 
! km/h 
|-
|rowspan="3"|'''[[Hitachi Super Express]]'''
|rowspan=2|{{brc|800}}
|rowspan=2|[[File:Virgin_Azuma_train_Kings_Cross.jpg|150px]]
|rowspan=2|[[Bi-Mode Multiple Unit]]
|rowspan=2|140
|rowspan=2|225
|10
|5
|rowspan=2|All Routes
|-
|13
|9
|-
|{{brc|801}}
|[[File:Virgin Trains East Coast Super Express Train.jpg|150px]]
|[[Electric Multiple Unit]]
|140
|225
|30
|9
|All Electric routes
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"|'''[[InterCity 225]]'''
|[[British Rail Class 91|Class 91]]
|[[File:VTEC 91 at London Kings Cross.jpg|150px]]
|[[Electric locomotive]]
|140
|225
|8
|rowspan=3| 7 to 8
|rowspan="3"| Limited London to Edinburgh Routes
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[British Rail Mark 4|Mark 4 carriage]]
|[[File:Virgin Trains East Coast Mk 4 by Matt Buck.jpg|150px]]
|[[Passenger car (rail)|Passenger carriage]]
|140
|225
|64
|-
|[[File:VTEC 82200 at Leeds.jpg|150px]]
|[[Driving Van Trailer]]
|140
|225
|8
|-
|}

==Depots==
Virgin Trains East Coast has four main depots:
*[[Bounds Green TMD|Bounds Green]] in [[London]]
*[[Neville Hill depot|Neville Hill]] in [[Leeds]]
*[[Heaton TMD|Heaton]] in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] - managed by [[Northern Rail]]
*[[Craigentinny TMD|Craigentinny]] in [[Edinburgh]] - used for repaints and heavy duty maintenance

==Punctuality==
The public performance measure (PPM) shows the percentage of trains which arrive at their terminating station on time. It combines figures for punctuality and reliability into a single performance measure. The most recent figure (in the four weeks from 13 December 2015 - 9 January 2016) for Virgin Trains East Coast's PPM was 82.0%, up from 81.1% in the same period a year ago. The moving annual average PPM was 86.9%.<ref name=NRperformance>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/about/performance/ |title=Network Rail Performance figures (updated every four weeks)}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{official website|http://virgintrainseastcoast.com/}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[East Coast (train operating company)|East Coast]] InterCity East Coast franchise}}
{{s-ttl|title=Operator of [[InterCity East Coast]] franchise
|years=2015 - 2023}}
{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}
{{end}}

{{Current UK TOCs|state=collapsed}}
{{StagecoachGroup}}
{{Virgin Group}}

[[Category:East Coast Main Line]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2015]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Scotland]]
[[Category:Stagecoach Group rail services]]
[[Category:Train operating companies]]
[[Category:Virgin Group|T]]
[[Category:Virgin Trains]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in the United Kingdom]]

BR-Klasse 166

2016-02-27T20:06:17Z

Jcc:

{{Refimprove|date=February 2009}}
{{Infobox DMU
| name = British Rail Class 166 ''Networker Turbo Express''
| image = 166208 in GWR by Chris Warman.jpg
| caption = [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] unit 166208 at {{rws|Didcot Parkway}}
| interiorimage = Reading railway station MMB 39 166208.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| interiorcaption = Interior of 166208 at [[Reading railway station|Reading station]]
| background = #0a493e; color: white;
| manufacturer = [[ABB Group|ABB]] York
| family = [[Networker (train)|Networker]]
| formation = 3 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = 166201 - 166221
| numberbuilt = 21 trainsets
| service = 1992 - Present
| yearconstruction = 1992 - 1993
| carbody = Welded aluminium
| weight =
| capacity =
| maxspeed = {{convert|90|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| brakes =
| engine = One per car, [[Perkins Engines|Perkins]] 2006-TWH [[Diesel engine|Diesel]]
| poweroutput = {{convert|350|hp|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission = [[Voith]] [[Hydrokinetic transmission|Hydraulic]] T211r 2 axles driven per car
| operator = [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]]
| safety = [[Automatic Warning System#British Rail AWS|AWS]], [[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]
| coupling = [[BSI coupling|BSI]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rssb.co.uk/RGS/Pages/MECHANICALANDELECTRICALCOUPLINGINDEX.aspx |title=Mechanical And Electrical Coupling Index |accessdate=20 December 2010 |publisher=Rail Safety and Standards Board}}</ref>
}}

The [[British Rail]] '''Class 166 ''Turbo Express''''' is a fleet of [[diesel multiple unit]]s (DMUs), originally specified by and built for [[British Rail]], the then [[United Kingdom]] state owned railway operator. They were built by [[ABB Group|ABB]] at [[York]] Works between 1992 and 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl=en&client=safari&rls=en-us&q=cache%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstgreatwestern.info%2Fcotswolds.html+thames+turbo&btnG=Search|title=First Great Western Info}}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> The trains were designed as a faster, air conditioned variant of the [[British Rail Class 165|Class 165 ''Turbo'']], intended for longer distance services, and, like the 165s, belong to the [[Networker (train)|Networker family of trains]]. They were originally known as '''''Networker Turbos''''' to distinguish them from the electrically propelled members of that family.

The class is still in service, and is extensively operated by [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] on its services out of [[London Paddington station]]. The trains, along with that operator's Class 165 trains, are often known as '''''Thames Turbos'''''.

==Description==
These units are a modification of the [[British Rail Class 165|Class 165]] design. They have a top speed of {{convert|90|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (suitable for mainline use), are carpeted throughout and have air-conditioning. Externally, the class 166 can be distinguished from a [[British Rail Class 165|Class 165]] by opening hoppers on every other window. Until late 2013 the presence of first class at each end was another distinguishing feature.

Other differences over a 165 are as follows:
*Air conditioning
*Two toilets (a 165 only has one toilet per unit)
*Tables in first class and in one third of the middle carriage
*Dedicated cycle/luggage storage in the middle carriage
*Different interior panelling between the door and seating areas

Twenty-one 3-car units were built, numbered 166201-221. Each unit was formed of two outer driving motors, and an intermediate motor. The technical description of the formation is DMCL+MS+DMSL. Individual carriages are numbered as follows:
*58101-58121 - DMCO
*58601-58621 - MSO
*58122-58142 - DMSL changed from DMCO in 2013<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.firstgreatwestern.co.uk/about-us/media-centre/2015/february/passengers-to-benefit-from-additional-carriages |title=Passengers to benefit from additional carriages |date=23 February 2015 |publisher=First Great Western |accessdate=3 April 2015 }}</ref>

One driving vehicle of 166209 has serious fire damage, as a result of the Betchworth train fire.<ref>[http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/train-evacuated-after-engine-fire-10448575]</ref> The centre coach 58609 is currently in the middle of 165128 and the unaffected driving vehicle is out of service in Reading Train Care Depot.

The units were built to replace elderly [[British Rail Class 117|Class 117]], [[British Rail Class 119|Class 119]] and [[British Rail Class 121|Class 121]] DMUs, and locomotive-hauled trains on services from [[London Paddington]] along the [[Great Western Main Line]].

Six cars were added to the original order in 1991 after [[Network SouthEast]] acquired some of the [[Cotswold Line]] services from [[Regional Railways]] to allow [[British Rail Class 158|Class 158]] units to be converted to [[British Rail Class 159|Class 159s]] for the [[West of England Main Line|''West of England'']] services.<ref name="hansard">{{cite journal| url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1991/jun/06/turbo-trains| title=Turbo-trains| work=Hansard| date=6 June 1991| volume=192| page=278W| accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="semgonline">{{cite web| url=http://www.semgonline.com/gallery/class159_1.html| title=Class 159| publisher=Southern E-Group| accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref>

Class 166 units were some of the first trains in Britain to be designed for Driver Only Operation, in cases where a Guard is required they must carry out their door operation duties via a bell system to signal the Drivers to close doors and start the train. This requires the Guard to return to a vacant cab at each station to carry out these duties, examples of this [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] services on the Cotswold Line.

==Operations==
[[File:Oxford railway station MMB 06 166220.jpg|thumb|right|166220 arrives at {{rws|Oxford}} with a service to {{rws|London Paddington}}.]]
When built, these units were operated by the ''Thames Line'' and ''North Downs Line'' subdivisions of [[Network SouthEast]] and therefore carried NSE blue, red and white livery with ''Turbo Express'' branding between the two first class windows of the DMCL carriages.

Their main destinations included fast-trains to [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]] and [[Oxford]], with some services continuing beyond Oxford to [[Banbury]] and [[Stratford-upon-Avon]], or along the [[Cotswold Line]] to [[Evesham, Worcestershire|Evesham]], [[Worcester, England|Worcester]], [[Great Malvern]] and [[Hereford]]. Units are also used on the Reading to [[Gatwick Airport]] services along the [[North Downs Line]]. Many services operated by the 166 were branded as ''Turbo Express'' in the timetables.

A rail user's group has suggested that Class 165 ''Turbo'' and the express variant, Class 166 ''Turbo Express'' will work services on the {{Stnlnk|Cardiff Central}} to {{Stnlnk|Portsmouth Harbour}} route after the [[Thames line]] cascade, subject to line clearance.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.firstgreatwestern.info/coffeeshop/index.php?topic=1656.0| title=London to the Cotswolds - General Information| work=First Great Western Passengers' Forum| date=6 February 2008| accessdate=9 June 2011 }}</ref> However, a Network Rail document released in 2011 cast doubts on whether this would actually happen after revealing the gauge between Cardiff and Portsmouth is currently not suitable for Class 166s.<ref>[http://www.networkrail.co.uk/browse%20documents/rus%20documents/route%20utilisation%20strategies/network/working%20group%203%20-%20passenger%20rolling%20stock%20and%20depots/network%20rus%20-%20passenger%20rolling%20stock.pdf Network RUS: Passenger Rolling Stock] - Network Rail. September 2011.</ref>

Following privatisation, the units passed to the [[Thames Trains]] franchise, who introduced a new blue, white and green livery. There were two variants of this livery; the Class 166 units had the 'express' variant.

In April 2004, operation of the Thames Trains franchise passed to the [[First Great Western Link]], and subsequently to First Great Western. The livery remained the same initially, but FGW Link branding was applied over the obsolete Thames Trains logo.

In 2012, First Great Western took delivery of five Class 180 ''Adelante'' units for [[Cotswold Line]] services, and three-car {{brc|150}} ''Sprinter'' units for [[Reading to Basingstoke Line]] services, allowing Class 165 and 166 units to be used to be used entirely for Thames Valley services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://railnews.co.uk/news/general/2011/11/23-return-of-adelantes-to-first.html|title=Return of Adelantes to First Great Western confirmed|publisher=Railnews.co.uk|accessdate=2011-11-23|date=2011-11-23}}</ref>

==London and Thames Valley Refresh==
[[File:166217 at Reading.JPG|thumb|right|166217 in [[Thames Trains]] livery with [[First Great Western Link]] branding. FGWL never repainted the units before being subsumed into the Greater Western franchise as part of [[First Great Western]].]]
Towards the end of January 2010, First Great Western announced an £8,000,000 refresh programme to their fleet of Class 166 Turbo DMU trains.<ref>{{cite press release| url=http://www.firstgreatwestern.co.uk/NewsItem.aspx?id=632| title=Train operator gives Thames Valley Trains an £8million makeover| publisher=First Great Western| date=25 January 2010| accessdate=9 June 2011 }}</ref>
The carpets & seats were retrimmed, interiors repainted, Passenger Information Displays replaced with a GPS based system and toilets upgraded. The refresh work was carried out at Reading Depot. All 151 vehicles have now been refurbished.

==2014/15 Refresh==
Since late 2014, First Great Western have started another set of refreshes to the Class 166 fleet. They are progressively being fitted with LED head/tail lights, a new, dark green GWR livery, new toilets which are more accessible than the old toilets, new door buttons which are significantly easier to push than the original buttons, and new door buzzers. Units 166204, 166205, 166206, 166208, 166210, 166212, 166213 and 166214 have so far received the refresh. Eight of the units (166201, 166202, 166203, 166207, 166209, 166211, 166215 and 166221) were painted in an all over blue livery.

The changes made during the 2010 refresh remain in place, however the units will all be receiving new 2+2 seating, for use on longer distance services such as Bristol to Weymouth once the fleet are cascaded to the Bristol area.

==Fleet details==
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Operator
!No. Built
!Year Built
!Cars per Set
!Unit nos.
|-
|'''Class 166'''
|[[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]]
|align=center|21
|align=center|1992–1993
|align=center|3
|166201 - 166221
|166209 is currently out of use as a result of the [[Betchworth]] train fire
|}

==Liveries and interiors==
<gallery>
File:Oxford. - geograph.org.uk - 123732.jpg|A 166 in [[Network SouthEast]] livery at {{rws|Oxford}}.
File:166202 at Evesham.JPG|166202 in [[Thames Trains]] livery with [[First Great Western Link]] branding.
File:Firstgreatwesternclass166.JPG|166205 at Pershore in [[First Great Western]] "Dynamic Lines" livery.
Image:166207 DMCO First Class Interior.JPG|The unrefurbished interior of the First Class cabin aboard a First Great Western Class 166, showing both carpets and seats in FirstGroup moquette trim.
Image:166207 DMCO Interior.JPG|The unrefurbished interior of Standard Class in the DMCO vehicle, aboard a First Great Western Class 166, showing both carpets and seats in FirstGroup moquette trim.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{commons category|British Rail Class 166}}
{{Networker}}
{{British Rail DMU}}

[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units|166]]

Maryanne Trump Barry

2016-02-26T19:01:39Z

Jcc: Reverted 1 edit by 73.195.254.201 identified as test/vandalism using STiki

{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Maryanne Trump Barry
|office = [[Senior Status|Senior Judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]]
|term_start = June 30, 2011
|term_end =
|office1 = Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]]
|appointer1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = September 22, 1999
|term_end1 = June 30, 2011
|predecessor1 = [[H. Lee Sarokin]]
|successor1 = [[Patty Shwartz]]
|office2 = Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of New Jersey]]
|appointer2 = [[Ronald Reagan]]
|term_start2 = October 7, 1983
|term_end2 = September 22, 1999
|predecessor2 = [[Henry Curtis Meanor]]
|successor2 = [[Joel A. Pisano]]
|birth_name = Maryanne Trump
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|4|5}}
|birth_place = {{nowrap|[[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States|U.S.]]}}
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<ref name="Kamen">Al Kamen, "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2015/07/30/when-president-clinton-did-a-very-nice-thing-for-donald-trump/ When President Clinton did a very nice thing for Donald Trump]", ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (July 30, 2015).</ref>
|spouse = David Desmond, Sr. ({{abbr|m.|married}} 1960; {{abbr|div.|divorced}} 1980)<ref name="wikitree.com">http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Desmond-172</ref> John Barry ({{abbr|m.|married}} 1982)
|children = David Desmond, Jr.
|parents = [[Fred Trump]] Mary Anne MacLeod
| relations = [[Donald Trump]] (brother)
|religion = [[Presbyterian]]
|alma_mater = [[Mount Holyoke College]] [[Columbia University]] [[Hofstra University School of Law]]
}}

'''Maryanne Barry''' (née '''Trump''', formerly '''Desmond'''; born April 5, 1937) is a [[United States federal judge|Senior United States Circuit Judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]].

==Background==
Barry was born in 1937 in [[New York City]], [[New York]], to real-estate developer [[Fred Trump]] and Mary MacLeod Trump. She is the older sister of real-estate developer and [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|2016 presidential candidate]] [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/10/11/donald-trump-says-his-older-sister-isnt-interested-in-becoming-a-supreme-court-judge/|title=Donald Trump says his older sister isn’t interested in becoming a Supreme Court judge|author=Jenna Johnson|date=11 October 2015|work=[[Washington Post]]|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Candlish |first= Jane |date=16 May 2015 |title=Councillor welcomes Trump donation to Western Isles care home |url= http://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/581059/councillor-welcomes-trump-donation-to-western-isles-care-home/ |newspaper= [[The Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]|location=[[Aberdeen]], [[Scotland]] |access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>

Barry received her B.A. in Political Science/Government from [[Mount Holyoke College]] in 1958,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/04/news/at-the-bar.html|title=At the Bar|date=4 December 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref> an M.A. from [[Columbia University]] in 1962, and her [[Juris Doctor|J.D.]] from [[Hofstra University School of Law]] in 1974.<ref name="fjc.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=109|title=History of the Federal Judiciary|publisher=[[Federal Judicial Center]]|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref> Prior to her service as a judge, she had held other public service positions, having been an Assistant [[U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey]].<ref name="fjc.gov"/>

==Career==
Barry was nominated by President [[Ronald Reagan]]<ref name=Horowitz1>Horowitz, Jason - [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/19/us/politics/familiar-talk-women-from-donald-trump-sister.html?WT.mc_id=2015-JULY-AOL-POLITICS_AUD_DEV-0701-0731&WT.mc_ev=click&ad-keywords=AUDDEVREMARK&icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-sb-bb%7Cdl14%7Csec1_lnk3%26pLid%3D6821098&_r=1 "Familiar Talk on Women, From an Unfamiliar Trump", ''New York Times''], August 18, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-22</ref> on September 14, 1983, to a seat on the [[United States District Court for the District of New Jersey]] vacated by [[Henry Curtis Meanor]]. She was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on October 6, 1983, and received her commission the next day.

A Republican,<ref name="Kamen"/> Barry was nominated to be a judge on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]] by President [[Bill Clinton]]<ref name=Horowitz1/> on June 17, 1999, to replace [[H. Lee Sarokin]], who had retired in 1996. President Clinton in 1998 had nominated [[Robert Raymar]] to the seat, but that nomination was never given a hearing by the [[United States Senate Judiciary Committee|Senate Judiciary Committee]], and Raymar's nomination expired at the end of that year. Clinton chose not to renominate Raymar to the Third Circuit seat during the next congressional term, and elected instead to nominate Barry.

Barry was unanimously confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on September 13, 1999, and received her commission on September 22, 1999. "I am deeply honored and very grateful for the nomination," Barry told the ''New Jersey Law Journal'' in 1999. "I am surprised I was approached on it. I assume that my record is good enough as a district court judge to be reached out to, and I'm glad that politics weren't a priority here."<ref>Eric Muller, "[http://www.isthatlegal.org/archives/supreme_court/ Maryanne Trump Barry: Republican]", ''Is That Legal?'' (January 14, 2006). {{wayback|url=http://www.isthatlegal.org/archives/supreme_court/ |date=20080918165253 }}</ref>

Barry's reputation on the bench was that of a tough judge with strong command of her courtroom.<ref name=Horowitz1/> In 1989, while a district court judge in [[Essex County, New Jersey]], she disapproved a plea bargaining deal that would have freed two county detectives accused of protecting a drug dealer, and forced the case to trial, where the detectives were convicted and received jail terms. She also presided over the conviction of [[Louis Manna]], the [[Genovese crime family]] boss accused of plotting to assassinate rival [[John Gotti]].<ref name=Horowitz1/>

In January 2006, Barry testified in support of the appointment of fellow Third Circuit Judge [[Samuel Alito]] to the Supreme Court.

On June 30, 2011, Barry assumed senior status and was ultimately succeeded by Judge [[Patty Shwartz]].

==Awards==
In 2004, [[Sandra Day O’Connor|Justice Sandra Day O’Connor]] of the [[United States Supreme Court]] presented Barry with an award, named after Justice O’Connor, that the [[Seton Hall University School of Law]] gives to women who excel in law and public service. At the presentation ceremony, Barry said, “I say to the women out there, remember how difficult it was for women like Justice O’Connor starting out,” adding, “Even though she graduated with top grades, she had to take a job as a legal secretary. Remember how far we have come.”<ref name=Horowitz1/>

==Personal life==
In 1960, she married David Desmond, a [[Lieutenant]] in the [[United States Air Force]].<ref name="wikitree.com">http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Desmond-172</ref> They divorced in 1980. In 1982, she married John J. Barry, a New Jersey lawyer.<ref name=Horowitz1/> She has a son (b. 1960) by her first marriage, David Desmond, a [[psychologist]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/31/style/engagements-lisa-aitken-david-desmond.html|title=Lisa Aitken, David Desmond|date=31 May 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref>For son by first marriage, Gwenda Blair, ''The Trumps'', Simon and Schuster, 2015, p. 609.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{FJC Bio|109}}
*{{cite web|last=Horowitz|first= Jason|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/19/us/politics/familiar-talk-women-from-donald-trump-sister.html|title=Familiar Talk on Women, From an Unfamiliar Trump|place= New York|publisher=Times|date= August 18, 2015|postscript= (Including 1992 comments on [[sexual harassment]] from Barry)}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henry Curtis Meanor]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of New Jersey]]|years=1983–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Joel A. Pisano]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[H. Lee Sarokin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]]|years=1999–2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Patty Shwartz]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Trump}}
{{United States courts of appeals senior judges}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barry, Maryanne Trump}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:American women lawyers]]
[[Category:American women judges]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Maurice A. Deane School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mount Holyoke College alumni]]
[[Category:New York lawyers]]
[[Category:New York Republicans]]
[[Category:People from Queens, New York]]
[[Category:Trump family]]
[[Category:United States Attorneys for the District of New Jersey]]
[[Category:United States court of appeals judges appointed by Bill Clinton]]
[[Category:United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:People from New York City]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]