Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Transformers: Botbots

2022-07-26T20:00:59Z

JDDJS:

{{Infobox television
| name = Transformers: BotBots
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = {{plainlist|
* [[Comedy]]
* [[Science fiction]]
* [[Action fiction|Action]]
* [[Adventure fiction|Adventure]]
}}
| creator =
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Transformers]]''|[[Hasbro]]}}
| developer = {{plainlist|
* Kevin Burke
* [[Chris Wyatt (producer)|Chris "Doc" Wyatt]]
}}
| director = Paul O'Flanagan
| creative_director =
| presenter = 
| starring = 
| judges = 
| voices = {{plainlist|
* Louisa Zhu
* James Hartnett
* [[Christian Potenza]]
* [[Mark Little (Canadian comedian)|Mark Little]]
* Deven Mack
* Lisa Norton
* [[Joseph Motiki]]
* Josette Jorge
}}
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer = The Wilders Music Group Inc.
| country = {{Plainlist|
* Canada
* Ireland
}}
| language = English
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 10 (20 segments)
| executive_producer = {{plainlist|
* Olivier Dumont
* Randi Yaffa
* Kevin Burke
* Chris "Doc" Wyatt
}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Peter Lewis
* Jon Wigfield
}}
| news_editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera =
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = {{plainlist|
* [[Boulder Media]]
* [[Entertainment One]]
}}
| network = [[Netflix]]
| picture_format =
| audio_format =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
| last_aired = {{End date|present}}
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| related = 
}}

'''''Transformers: BotBots''''' is an animated television series based on the collectable toy line of the same name, which is a spin-off of the wider ''[[Transformers]]'' franchise by [[Hasbro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/transformers-botbots-and-my-little-pony-characters-to-be-reimagined-in-two|title='Transformers: Botbots' and 'My Little Pony' Characters to be Reimagined in Two All-New Animated Series at Netflix|website=Netflix Media Center|access-date=2022-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/my-little-pony-transformers-botbots-netflix-series-animated/|title=‘My Little Pony’ and ‘Transformers: BotBots’ to Be ‘Reimagined’ in 2 New Netflix Animated Series|website=[[TheWrap]]|date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> The series debuted on [[Netflix]] on March 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-02-17/transformers-botbots-animated-series-debuts-on-netflix-on-march-25/.182716|title=Transformers: BotBots Animated Series Debuts on Netflix on March 25|website=Anime News Network|date=February 17, 2022}}</ref>

==Premise==
A shopping mall is struck by a mysterious Energon cloud, turning the various objects inside into tiny transformable robots called BotBots. Among them, a group of items that were separated from their stores of origin awoke inside the lost-and-found, dubbing themselves the Lost Bots. Lead by Burgertron, the Lost Bots dream to one day return to their original tribes, but after accidentally being spotted by the mall security guard (thus revealing the BotBots' existence to a human), they are treated as pariahs of the mall and set out to redeem themselves while discovering their own bonds. And keeping away from many flesh beings.

==Characters==
===Lost Bots===
*'''Burgertron''' (voiced by [[James Hartnett]]) - the protagonist and the leader of the Lost Bots and former leader of the Hunger Hubs. Burgertron is egotistical and constantly thinks of himself as a superhero-type character, despite his shortcomings. He became a Lost Bot after he and Dimlit got caught by Dave, leaving him to be shunned by the others with nothing that happened to be true. A large portion of Season 1 revolves around him trying to get reaccepted for no clue. Thus, he has pure stealth and longing for his girlfriend, Ulf the orange, and his close friend, Spud Muffin too. He transforms into a [[hamburger]].
*'''Dimlit''' (voiced by Deven Mack) - one of the first 4 Lost Bots who wants to join the Shed Heads. Dimlit is shy, nervous, and very reserved and easy-going, though he always pulls through when it counts. Much like Clogstopper, he is typically short on cuteness intellect, and bravery with nothing to fear about his life. He falls in love with a mannequin named Jacqueline in ''Dimlit in love'', He transforms into a [[flashlight]].
*'''Bonz-Eye''' (voiced by Louisa Zhu) - one of the first 4 Lost Bots who doesn't come from any squad in the mall. Bonz-Eye is very bold and calm, but far more level-headed than her compatriots. She is an expert swordsman and material artist. She was also revealed to be bisexual, Japanese and the only one of her kind so she does not have her very own squad. She is also the [[Lone Wolf]] as she alter ego name. Unlike the other females, she is the only one that doesn’t have eyelashes. She transforms into a potted [[bonsai tree]].
*'''Clogstopper''' (voiced by [[Christian Potenza]]) - one of the first 4 Lost Bots who wants to join the Custodial Crew. Clogstopper is idiotic, goofy, awkward, and prone to making very relaxed, funny and goofy decisions and unintentional comedies that usually cause odd problems for his groups. He hopes to go to the Custodial Crew as his own dream, Additionally, he is very funny compared to the others in his favorite comedy, he even uses a hand puppet sometimes. Clogstopper is also interest in Fottle Barts. He transforms into a [[plunger]].
*'''Kikmee''' (voiced by Lisa Norton) - one of the first 4 Lost Bots who wants to join the Jock Squad. Kikmee is the most energetic and excitable of the group and is comparatively hyperactive, always gets very excited and gigglish, and loves sports as well as winning. She hopes to join the Jockey Squad. She transforms into a [[soccer ball]]. Kikmee was a member of the Playroom Posse in the actual toyline, following her original planned release for the range. Her gender was also changed, with her original toy bio using male pronouns. She loves seeing Batsby from the Jock Squad too.

===Hunger Hubs===
*'''Spud Muffin''' (voiced by [[Joseph Motiki]]) - an antagonist and a former friend of Burgertron's. Spud actively sought to get rid of him on a permanent basis, and sabotaged the Lost Bots several times at their last chances at redemption and trouble, before being exposed for his crimes and exiled to the Dark Side of the Mall at the Season 1 finale. He transforms into a box of French [[fries]].
*'''Fottle Barts''' (voiced by Lisa Norton)- A member of the Hunger Hubs, she is the best friend of Ulf the Orange and always an nice and handy pal. Barts is also interested in Clogstopper. She transforms into an red-colored [[ketchup bottle]].
*'''Angry Cheese''' (voiced by James Hartnett)
*'''Hawt Diggity'''
*'''Ulf the Orange''' (voiced by Josette Jorge) - the love interest of both Burgertron (boyfriend) and Spud Muffin. She constantly shot down the former until Spud Muffin was exposed and exiled in the Season 1 finale, finally understanding his motives. She also gets angry or selfish sometimes at any risk or trouble in the mall. She is also a kind friend of Fottle Barts too. She transforms into a [[orange (fruit)|orange]] flavored [[Juicebox (container)|juice box]], and is based on a BotBot in the sixth wave of toys.
*'''Brock O'Lonely''' (voiced by Devon Hyland) - the DJ
*'''Tappy Takeout'''

===Jock Squad===
*'''Batsby''' (voiced by Sarah Hiller) - one of the two leaders of the Jock Squad, she is the handy friend of Dinger and transforms into a [[Baseball bat]].
*'''Kidd Klobber'''-The boxer of the squad
*'''Laceface''' (voiced by Louisa Zhu)-A member of the Jock Squad, she is very brashed and cool to get many faces at once, she transforms into an football.
*'''Pucksie'''
*'''The In-Sole'''
*'''Dinger''' (voiced by Deven Mack) - a member of the Jock Squad. He is both brash and bold and always too much confident as well, and transforms into a [[baseball]].

===Shed Heads===
*'''Cuddletooth'''
*'''Nail Byter'''
*'''Drilit Yaself'''
*'''Sandy Man'''

===Sugar Shocks===
*'''Frostferatu''' (voiced by Deven Mack) - a member of the Sugar Shocks. He believes he has hypnotism powers and is a vampire bot, plus he loves hanging out with the lost bots, he transforms into a [[cupcake]].
*'''Sprinkleberry D'uhnut''' (voiced by Deven Mack) - a member of the Sugar Shocks. He normally stands around and is typically seen usually, he cannot say any words like the other bots, he only says "BotBots" but says "Lost Bots" at the season finale. He transforms into a [[donut]] with [[sprinkles]].
*'''Lolly Licks''' (voiced by Lisa Norton) - is a member of the Sugar Shocks in the Ruckus Rally. She poses like the reference of [[Sailor Moon]], she is the only bot to have a single eye, She is also a kind friend of Lady Macaron and Burgertron too, She even is selfish sometimes. and transforms into a [[lollipop]].
*'''Sweet Cheat''' (voiced by [[Joseph Motiki]])
*'''Wishy-Waffley''' (voiced by [[Cory Doran]])
*'''Lady Macaron''' (voiced by [[Julie Lemieux]]) - a member of the Sugar Shocks. Macaron is known for being aristocratic and British, but is nice deep down if not a little rebellious at any time. She is a very close friend of Bonz-eye a.k.a the "Lone Wolf", during her adventure from the Dark Side of the Mall and the lost bots. She transforms into a [[macaron]], and unlike most of the other BotBots, is not based on any of the toys.
*'''Freezewich'''

===Gamer Geeks===
*'''Game Over''' (voiced by Josette Jorge) - a member of the Gamer Geeks. Game Over is one of the technology specialists amongst her squad, and she is one of the BotBots who covers up the tracks of their fellow beings at a very perfect operation to prevent their existence from being revealed. Game Over was characterized as a male member of the Lost Bots in the original toyline and transforms into a [[game controller]].
*'''Fomo''' (voiced by [[Cory Doran]]) - a member of the Gamer Geeks. Fomo is one of the technology specialists in his squad, and he provides live footage through his lenses and a series of drones and soon becomes nice friends with the Lost Bots. Fomo was characterized as a female member of the Techie Team in the original toyline and transforms into a [[camera]].
*'''Snorg''' (voiced by JJ Gerber) - a member of the Gamer Geeks who loves karaoke and refers to himself in the third person besides Pop N. Lock. He transforms into a [[cassette player]] in the original toyline and a [[karaoke machine]] in the netflix show.
*'''Pop N. Lock'''
*'''Steer'd Wrong''' (voiced by Josette Jorge)
*'''Chitter Click''' (voiced by [[Joseph Motiki]])
*'''Ring-A-Ling''' (voiced by Ana Sani) - Dave's company phone which turned out to be a BotBot that controls everything on herself. She is one of the few that’s not based on one of the toys.

===Custodial Crew===
*'''King Toots'''
*'''Sgt. Scrubforce''' (voiced by [[Joseph Motiki]]) - is the leader of the Custodial Crew and the army leader. He transforms into a [[bucket]] with a [[mop]].
*'''Caution''' (voiced by [[Christian Potenza]]) - is an member of the custodial crew, he is even an nice person to all the bot bots, he tansforms into an slip hazard sign.
*'''Handy'''
*'''Lady Loofa''' (voiced by [[Jacqueline Pillon]]) - a member of the Custodial Crew, she is confident and transforms into a [[sponge]].
*'''Vomit Comet''' (voiced by Martin Roach) - a member of the Custodial Crew. He is one of the more level-headed BotBots, though he also likes causing mischief. He transforms into a [[vomit pile]].
*'''Loose Deuce'''

===Fashion Forwards===
*'''Ol' Tic Toc''' (voiced by [[Martin Roach]])
*'''Jacqueline''' (voiced by Julie Lemieux) - a shy BotBot from the Fashion Forwards and Dimlit's girlfriend. She transforms into a [[Mannequin|mannequin head]], and unlike most of the other BotBots, is not based on any of the toys. She always gets calm and pleasant to see the Lost Bots as well.

===Spoiled Rottens===
*'''Disgusto Desserto''' (voiced by Kyle Dooley)

===Arcade Renegades===
*'''24K-Bit''' (voiced by Kyle Dooley) - an arcaded token
*'''Knotzel''' (voiced by Sarah Hillier) - a pretzel

===Science Alliance===
*'''Dr. Flaskenstein''' (voiced by [[Julie Lemieux]]) - the leader
*'''Face Ace''' (voiced by [[Paloma Nuñez]]) - a member of the Science Alliance. She transforms into a pair of safety goggles.
*'''Starscope''' (voiced by Sean Jordan) - a member of the Science Alliance. He serves as the team's observer and a rapper and singer. Starscope was characterized as a female in the original toyline and transforms into a [[telescope]].
*'''Eye-Goon''' (voiced by [[Chris Locke]])

===Pet Mob===
*'''Anty Farmwell''' (voiced by Julie Lemieux) is a caretaker of her ants, she is seen with Dinger and Batsby, and she transforms into an ant farm

===Top secret squad===
*'''Agent Smartlit''' (voiced by Raven Dauda) - an agent in need of the lost bots and transforms into an flashlight because she is the same appearance like Dimlit.

===Other notable BotBots===
*'''Playgor Cardquest''' (voiced by Brandon Hackett) - a member of an unknown squad. He is known to the other BotBots for his [[troubador]]-styled singing, which often annoys those around him. He transforms into a stack of [[gaming cards]], unlike the other BotBots, he is not based in any of the toys, along with Lady Macaron and Jaqueline.

===Humans===
*'''Dave''' (voiced by [[Mark Little (Canadian comedian)|Mark Little]]) - the mall security guard who is aware of the BotBots. He only saw three BotBots in robot form: Burgertron and Dimlit in the series premiere and Spud Muffin in the season 1 finale. He is known for being severely incompetent and easily fooled, though the BotBots refer to him as a dangerous threat. He also looks after the lost bots in their object form with nothing at risk that he carries an flashlight.
*'''Dave's mom''' - Dave's mother. She is the only person Dave frequently talks to, and she is constantly disappointed at her son.
*'''Randall''' - Dave's boss at the mall.
*'''Agent Wagner''' (voiced by Raven Dauda) - an agent from Sector Seven sent to deal with the mysterious occurrences at the mall and meets Dave for a talk in the Goldrush Games.

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=#B11310 |overall=8 |title=29 |writer=30 |aux2= |aux2T=Storyboard by |airdate=20 |released=y |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1a
|Title = Mall Than Meets The Eye
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & [[Chris Wyatt (producer)|Chris "Doc" Wyatt]]
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary = {{Long plot|episode|date=June 2022}}
While the BotBots were having their party, Dave arrives and the BotBots went to their disguised forms but Dave then leaves and the Botbots resume their party. Burgerton's girlfriend, Ulf the Orange, discovers that Burgertron's missing. Burgerton appears to have fallen into the Lost and Found, and he meets four new BotBots named Dimlit, Kikmee, Bonz-Eye and Clogstopper, who are known as "The Lost Bots". He tells the Lost Bots about different BotBots squads including the Jock Squad, the Sugar Shocks, the Gamer Geeks, the Custodial Crew, and Burgerton's squad, the Hunger Hubs. As Burgertron leaves for his squad, the Lost Bots want to join him to find their squads. When Dave comes out of the bathroom, Burgertron teaches the Lost Bots "The Sacred Rule of the Mall": BotBots must never reveal their bot forms in front of the humans. Burgertron and the Lost Bots ride a mall train to avoid getting seen by the Mall Guard. They soon ride the escalator and successfully arrived at the food court, which unfortunately alerted Dave. When Dave looks in the train, he sees Bonz-Eye, Dimlit, Kikmee and Clogstopper in disguise form. And when he sees Burgertron in disguise form, he attempts to eat him. However, Dimit changes back to bot form and jumps to save Burgertron, which unfortunately causes Dave to see Burgertron and Dimlit in their bot forms and see them disappear along with Bonz-Eye, Clogstopper and Kikmee, leading Dave to discover that BotBots exist. Spud Muffin, Ulf the Orange and the other BotBots later appear out of nowhere, furiated that Burgertron and the Lost Bots broke The Sacred Rule of the Mall, which caused Burgertron to be cast out of the Hunger Hubs, become a Lost Bot and be shunned by the other BotBots along with the Lost Bots. However, the Lost Bots weren't upset, they only cared about the other squads in the mall. Burgertron soon becomes the leader of the Lost Bots to attempt to reconcile the other BotBots. Meanwhile, Dave is making plans to trap the BotBots and expose them.
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1b
|Title = (Never) Be Yourself
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt
|Aux2 = Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2a
|Title = Escape from Snackatraz
|WrittenBy = Alan Denton & Greg Hahn
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2b
|Title = I, Cheeseburger
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt
|Aux2 = Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3a
|Title = Phoning It In
|WrittenBy = Taneka Stotts
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3b
|Title = The Lost Bots and the Claw Crusade
|WrittenBy = Alan Denton & Greg Hahn
|Aux2 = Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4a
|Title = Live and Let LARP
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4b
|Title = Lone Bot and Carb
|WrittenBy = Hanah Lee Cook
|Aux2 = Jamie Kerr & Adeola Lawal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5a
|Title = Dimlit In Love
|WrittenBy = Hanah Lee Cook
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5b
|Title = On the Bot Prom Dance Floor
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt
|Aux2 = Jean Texier
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6a
|Title = The Ruckus Rally
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6b
|Title = Crime and Bun-ishment
|WrittenBy = Alan Denton & Greg Hahn
|Aux2 = Jean Texier, Jamie Kerr & Adeola Lawal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7a
|Title = Spirit of Halloween
|WrittenBy = Hanah Lee Cook
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7b
|Title = Rage Against the Karaoke Machine
|WrittenBy = Merrill Hagan
|Aux2 = Jean Texier, Jamie Kerr & Adeola Lawal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8a
|Title = Scanned Out
|WrittenBy = Rose Bueno
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8b
|Title = The Science Alliance
|WrittenBy = Alan Denton & Greg Hahn
|Aux2 = Jean Texier
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9a
|Title = Agent Smartlit
|WrittenBy = Jacquie Menville
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9b
|Title = Shopping Brawl
|WrittenBy = Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt
|Aux2 = Jean Texier, Jamie Kerr & Adeola Lawal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = B11310
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = The Goldrush Games
|WrittenBy = Katie Kaniewski ("Part the First") Kevin Burke & Chris "Doc" Wyatt ("Part the Second")
|Aux2 = Estrela Lourenco & Francesco Cipolla ("Part the First") Jean Texier, Jamie Kerr & Adeola Lawal ("Part the Second")
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|3|25}}
|ShortSummary = {{Long plot|episode|date=May 2022}}
A mysterious bot called the Game’s Master arrives and announces the Goldrush to show who’s the best in the mall. Burgertron, seeing an opportunity to get accepted back in his squad, allows himself and the Lost Bots to join but in exchange for an exile to the dark side of the mall if they don’t get first place. The Lost Bots were proven professional in the games, allowing them to get in the top rankings. Spud allows Burgertron back in the Hunger Hubs in hopes the Lost Bots would lose, which was succeeded. Burgertron, however, got suspicious of Spud and exposed the Games Master as Brock, whom Spud forced to rig the games and made him look like he was on vacation until Spud gave different locations spots. Burgertron reveals that the everything Goldrush Games was nothing more than a sham that Spud planned to get himself and the Lost Bots exiled, much to the others shocked and horror. Spud, exposed, goes insane and admits his actions, revealing that he was the one that got Burgertron in the Lost and Found and been trying to get rid of him from the start because of his envy of not being his he leader of the Hunger Hubs, making responsible for the other events that got him and the Lost Bots involved. All of sudden Dave came by and finds Spud, who left himself exposed while he was ranting without even noticing his surroundings just as the other bots were able to disguise and hide in the nick of time. Dave tells Spud to thank Burgertron for getting his job and says he’s done trying to prove the bots' existence since no one he told believed him. Breaking the sacred rule of the mall, the bots, furious and disgusted by Spud’s actions and behavior, attempted to have him banned from the mall forever but Burgertron and the Lost Bots prevented that because he believes that Spud should be given a chance for redemption. In order for that to happen, Spud will be living in the dark side of the mall until he’s proven worthy of rejoining the bots again. With the truth reveals, the bots reconcile with Burgertron and the Lost Bots and accept them as officially part of their society as an official squad. Meanwhile, Dave meets an agent from Sector 7 to learn about the bots and the energon cloud.
|LineColor = B11310
}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.netflix.com/title/81112503 Official website]
* ''[https://tfwiki.net/wiki/Transformers:_BotBots_(cartoon) Transformers: BotBots]'' on Transformers Wiki
* {{IMDb title|14202476}}

{{Transformers animated series}}
{{Allspark and Entertainment One}}

[[Category:Transformers (franchise) animated series]]
[[Category:2022 Canadian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020s Canadian animated television series]]
[[Category:2020s Canadian comic science fiction television series]]
[[Category:2022 Irish television series debuts]]
[[Category:Canadian children's animated action television series]]
[[Category:Canadian children's animated adventure television series]]
[[Category:Canadian children's animated comic science fiction television series]]
[[Category:Canadian children's animated science fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Canadian children's animated superhero television series]]
[[Category:Canadian flash animated television series]]
[[Category:English-language television shows]]
[[Category:English-language Netflix original programming]]
[[Category:Irish children's animated action television series]]
[[Category:Irish children's animated adventure television series]]
[[Category:Irish children's animated comic science fiction television series]]
[[Category:Irish children's animated science fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Irish children's animated superhero television series]]
[[Category:Irish flash animated television series]]
[[Category:Netflix children's programming]]

Judith Heumann

2020-03-06T11:11:40Z

JDDJS: /* 504 Sit-in */

{{Infobox Ambassador
|name = Judith Heumann
|image = Heumann.gif
|office = Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]
|appointed = [[President Barack Obama]]
|term_start = June 7, 2010
|term_end = January 20, 2017
|predecessor = Position established
|successor =
|office1 = [[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]
|president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = June 1993
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]
|successor1 = [[Robert H. Pasternack|Robert Pasternack]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1947}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[Long Island University]] [[UC Berkeley School of Public Health|University of California, Berkeley]]
}}
'''Judith Ellen Heumann "Judy"''' (born December 18, 1947) is an American [[disability rights]] activist. She is recognized internationally as a leader in the disability community. Heumann is a lifelong civil rights advocate for people with disabilities. Her work with governments and [[non governmental organizations]] (NGOs), non-profits, and various other disability interest groups, has produced significant contributions since the 1970s to the development of human rights legislation and policies benefiting children and adults with disabilities. Through her work in the [[World Bank]] and the [[State Department]], Heumann led the mainstreaming of disability rights into international development. Her contributions extended the international reach of the [[independent living]] movement.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|title=World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020042852/http://disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|archive-date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Heumann's commitment to disability rights stems from her personal experiences. She had [[polio]] at the age of 18 months, and has used a [[wheelchair]] most of her life. Heumann had to fight repeatedly to be included in the educational system. The local public school refused to allow her to attend, calling her a fire hazard. Instead, for three years she was given home instruction twice a week for about an hour each visit. Heumann's mother, Ilsa Heumann, a community activist in her own right, challenged the decision. Judy was then allowed to go to a special school in the fourth grade for disabled children. Per city policy it was understood Judy would return to home instruction for high school. Judy's mother rallied against this policy with other parents who put enough pressure on the school to reverse the policy. Judy entered high school in 1961.

She attended Camp Jened, a camp for kids with disabilities, in [[Hunter, New York]] every summer from ages 9 to 18. Heumann's experience of camp brought her a greater awareness of the connected of disabled experience "We had the same joy together, the same anger over the way we were treated and the same frustrations at opportunities we didn't have." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=|page=20}}</ref> It was there that she met Bobbi Linn and Freida Tankus, who she would later work with as disability rights activists.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973|journal=Journal of Social History|date=December 1, 2012|volume=2|issue=46|pages=473–499}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973|hdl=1811/48349}}</ref>

=== College ===
Judy Heumann began making major moves toward rights for people with disabilities while attending [[Long Island University]]. She organized rallies and protests with other students with and without disabilities, demanding things like access to her classrooms by ramps and the right to live in a dorm. While at Long Island University she studied [[Speech Therapy|speech therapy]].<ref name=":0" />

== ''Heumann v. Board of Education of the City of New York''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1970943320fsupp6231818}}</ref> ==
Heumann was denied her New York teaching license because the Board did not believe she could get herself or her students out of the building in case of a fire. She sued the Board of Education on the basis of discrimination. A local newspaper toted a headline of 'You Can Be President, Not Teacher, with Polio'. After the judge recommended that [[New York City’s Board of Education]] rethink its decision, and it became very likely the Board of Education would lose, they settled out of court. Heumann became the first wheelchair user to teach in New York City<ref>http://www.adawatch.org/JudyHeumannPA.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project|website=www.disabilityhistory.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> and taught elementary school there for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/collection/items/heumann.html|title=Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

== Policy work and advocacy ==
===Disabled in Action===

Heumann received lots of mail from disabled people around the country due to her press coverage while suing the Board of Education. Many wrote in about their experiences with discrimination because of their disabilities. Based on the outpouring of support and letters, In 1970 Heumann and several friends (some of whom she met a Camp for children with Disabilities) founded [[Disabled in Action]] (DIA), an organization that focused on securing the protection of people with disabilities under civil rights laws through political protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilusa.com/articles/0223021judith_heumann.htm|title=Judith Heumann|website=www.ilusa.com|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabledinaction.org/photos_heumann.html|title=Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)|website=www.disabledinaction.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

===Center for Independent Living===

[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] asked Judy to move to California to work for the [https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html Center for Independent Living] where she served as the deputy director from 1975 to 1982. She was an early adapter of the [[Independent living|Independent Living Movement]].

She was responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.

===Individuals with Disabilities Education Act===

While serving as a legislative assistant to the chairperson of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare]], in 1974 she helped develop legislation that became the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]].

===504 Sit-in===
{{Main|504 Sit-in}}

Initially [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]], U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, refused to sign meaningful regulations for [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]], which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dredf.org/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in/|title=Short History of the 504 Sit in|work=dredf.org}}</ref> After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the beginning of the [[504 Sit-in]] at the San Francisco Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This sit-in, led by Heumann and organized by [[Kitty Cone]], lasted until May 4, 1977, a total of 28 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest sit-in at a federal building to date. [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]] signed both Education of All Handicapped Children and Section 504 on April 28, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=New York|pages=69–70}}</ref><ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|title=Disability History Timeline|year=2002|work=Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management|publisher=[[Temple University]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065328/http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|archivedate=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/resources/timeline.html|title=The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="disabilityhistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta7.htm|title=EDGE - Curriculum - Biology|work=disabilityhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1w1001mt&brand=oac4&doc.view=entire_text|title=Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977|work=cdlib.org}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EADH0161&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free|title=Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from ''Encyclopedia of American Disability History''|work=Encyclopedia of American Disability History}}</ref> The television series [[Drunk History]] did an episode on the 504 Sit-in.<ref>http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities</ref>

===World Institute on Disability===

Heumann co-founded the World Institute on Disability with [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] and [[Joan Leon]] in 1983, serving as co-director until 1993.

===Department on Disability Services===

Mayor Fenty, District of Columbia, appointed her as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the [[Rehabilitation Services Administration]].

===Clinton Administration===

Heumann served in the [[Clinton Administration]] as Assistant Secretary of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services at the [[US Department of Education]] from 1993 to 2001.

===World Bank===

From 2002 to 2006 she served as the [[World Bank Group]]'s first Advisor on Disability and Development, leading the World Bank's work on disability and worked to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the Bank discussions with client countries, its country-based analytical work, and support for improving policies, programs, and projects that allow disabled people around the world to live and work in the economic and social mainstream of their communities.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She was Lead Consultant to the Global Partnership for Disability and Development.
[[File:Judith Heumann face detail, from- Ambassadors Kennedy Greets Sp. Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in Tokyo - Flickr - East Asia and Pacific Media Hub (1) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Judith Heumann, Special Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in [[Tokyo]] on 4 December 2014|alt=]]

===Special Advisor===
[[File:Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom OLDL 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom at [[TASH (organization)|TASH's]] ''Outstanding Leadership in Disability Law Symposium and Awards Dinner'', George Washington University, July 25, 2019|alt=A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.]]

In 2010 Heumann became the Special Advisor on Disability Rights for the US State Department appointed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dds.dc.gov/dds/cwp/view,a,3,q,496289.asp|title=Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> Judy was the first to hold this role where she served from 2010-2017. On January 20th, 2017 Heumann left her post at the State Department with the change of a new administration. The Special Advisor role has not yet been filled under the Trump Administration. Paralympian [[Ann Cody]] is currently the most senior official working on international disability rights at State.

===Ford Foundation===

From September of 2017 to April of 2019 she was a [https://www.fordfoundation.org/the-latest/news/ford-foundation-names-judy-heumann-senior-fellow/ Senior Fellow] at the [[Ford Foundation]]. There she worked to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work. She also promoted the intentional inclusion of Disability in philanthropy work overall. During her time as a Fellow she produced a paper co-written by Katherine Salinas and Michellie Hess titled [https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/4276/judyheumann_report_2019_final.pdf Roadmap for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media] . This paper explores the lack of representation of disabled people in front of, and behind the camera, as well as prominent stereotypes of disabled characters when represented in the media, and concludes with a call to action to increase disabled representation in media.

== Media ==
* {{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}.
* The 2008 documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M The Power of 504]'' prominently features Heumann.
* She appears in the 2011 documentary ''[[Lives Worth Living]]''.
* She delivered a [https://www.ted.com/talks/judith_heumann_our_fight_for_disability_rights_and_why_we_re_not_done_yet?language=en TED] talk in 2017.<ref> https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-our-fight-for-disability-rights/</ref>
* Comedy Central did a 2018 episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.
* Heumann appeared on [https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/other/improving-disability-representation-both-on-screen-and-off/vp-AACxKoo Bloomberg on 7/6/2019] to discuss representation of disability in the media.
* She is featured in the 2020 documentary ''Crip Camp''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Kohn |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/crip-camp-review-netflix-sundance-1202205370/amp/ |title=‘Crip Camp’ Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp – IndieWire |publisher=Indiewire.com |date=2020-01-23 |accessdate=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Education ==
Heumann graduated from [[Long Island University]] in 1969 and gained a Master of Science degree in public health at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1975. She has been awarded six honorary doctorates:

# [[Long Island University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, 1994
# [[University of Toledo]], Ohio, an Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, 2004
# The [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], Honorary Doctorate of Public Administration, 2001
# [[Brooklyn College]], Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2018/03/27/brooklyn-college-to-award-judy-heumann-honorary-doctorate-at-its-2018-commencement-ceremony/|title=Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony|website=CUNY Newswire|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> 2018
# [[Middlebury College]], Honorary Doctorate of Education, 2019
# [[Rowan University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, 2019

== Awards and recognition ==

* 2019 The [https://lurie.brandeis.edu/ Lurie Institute for Disability Policy] gave an award "The journey to Achieving Equality: Past, Present, and Future of Disability Activism" with gratitude for your leadership and activism in civil rights The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University Waltham, MA March 7, 2019
*2018 Women's Caucus Award given by the National Council on Independent Living
* 2018 [http://disstudies.org/ Society for Disability Studies] President's Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disstudies.org/index.php/awards/presidents-award/|title=President's Award|date=2016-08-29|website=Society for Disability Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> SDS says of their decision to award Judy the President's Award:<blockquote>"SDS confers the President’s Award for artists and activists who embody the goals of the Society, reiterating our commitment to all kinds of work in disability studies. SDS recognizes Judy Heumann for her five-decade career as a disabled activist who has changed the lives of every single disabled person in the United States and across the globe. Her work has shown the vibrancy and strength of the social model of disability and the power and importance of the disability rights movement’s central mantra: 'nothing about us without us.'"</blockquote>
* 2017 U.S. International Council on Disabilities, Dole-Harkin
*2017 [https://www.interaction.org/ InterAction] [https://www.miusa.org/news/2017/inclusionaward Disability Inclusion Award], in recognition of Judy's major impact on disability inclusion in international development.
*In 2014 the Berkeley Rotary Club gave its annual Rotary Peace Grove Award to Heumann and to the late [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]], another disability rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_26190156/berkeley-disability-activists-receive-peace-award-emotional-ceremony|title=Berkeley disability activists receive peace award in emotional ceremony|date=21 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>
*Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from [https://www.ncil.org/ National Council on Independent Living] In recognition of a lifetime of dedicated hard work and leadership to advance the [http://www.vcil.org/resources/pas-toolkit/the-independent-living-movement-and-disability-rights Independent Living and Disability Rights Movements] and her commitment to the protection and expansion of the civil and human rights of people with disabilities.
* Champion of Disability Rights Award from the [https://spanadvocacy.org/ SPAN Parent Advocacy Network]. "For lifelong commitment and activism for the human and civil rights of children and adults with disabilities in the United States throughout the world."
* Advocacy Award from ALPHA Disability Section "This award is presented to a person or a consumer-driven organization who has demonstrated excellence in the area of advocacy to improve the health and quality of life for people with disabilities."
* Distinguished Service Award from NARRTC (formerly known as the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers) "In recognition of important contributions and achievements that have strategically advanced the field of disability through her research, teaching, service, and advocacy on behalf of person with disabilities."
* Judy was the first recipient of the [[Henry B. Betts Award]] from the [[Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago]] (later awarded jointly with the [[American Association of People with Disabilities]])

==Personal life==
Heumann is married to Jorge Pineda, and lives in Washington, D.C. Heumann, born in Brooklyn to German-Jewish Immigrants, and is the oldest of three children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1993|isbn=0812924126|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56}}</ref> She is the sister of [[Joe Heumann]], a noted film professor and published author. Judy does not view her disability as a tragedy “Disability only becomes a tragedy for me when society fails to provide the things we need to lead our lives- job opportunities or barrier-free buildings, for example.  It is not a tragedy to me that I’m living in a wheelchair<ref name=":1" />”.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Including the Voices of Disabled People in the International Development Agenda'', Thornburgh Family Lecture Series, [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] accessed at [http://www.law.pitt.edu/news/thornburghlecture06.php] July 24, 2006
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Pioneering Disability Rights Advocate and Leader, 1960s-2000'', oral history, [[Online Archive of California]], 2004, retrieved from [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb9v19p0k9] July 24, 2006
* Ilene Zeitzer interview with Judy Heumann. Originally published in, "Change from Within: International Overview of the Impact of Disabled Politicians and Disability Policy Bodies on Governance". retrieved from [http://www.rollingrains.com/archives/000513.html] April 29, 2009

==External links==
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann Disability Social History Project] Bio details
*[https://wid.org/resources/wids-founders/ Bio details on World Institute on Disability website]
*{{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]|years=1993–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Pasternack]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]|years=2010–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heumann, Judith}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Disability rights activists from the United States]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States Department of Education officials]]
[[Category:Clinton administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]

Judith Heumann

2020-03-06T11:09:11Z

JDDJS:

{{Infobox Ambassador
|name = Judith Heumann
|image = Heumann.gif
|office = Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]
|appointed = [[President Barack Obama]]
|term_start = June 7, 2010
|term_end = January 20, 2017
|predecessor = Position established
|successor =
|office1 = [[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]
|president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = June 1993
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]
|successor1 = [[Robert H. Pasternack|Robert Pasternack]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1947}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[Long Island University]] [[UC Berkeley School of Public Health|University of California, Berkeley]]
}}
'''Judith Ellen Heumann "Judy"''' (born December 18, 1947) is an American [[disability rights]] activist. She is recognized internationally as a leader in the disability community. Heumann is a lifelong civil rights advocate for people with disabilities. Her work with governments and [[non governmental organizations]] (NGOs), non-profits, and various other disability interest groups, has produced significant contributions since the 1970s to the development of human rights legislation and policies benefiting children and adults with disabilities. Through her work in the [[World Bank]] and the [[State Department]], Heumann led the mainstreaming of disability rights into international development. Her contributions extended the international reach of the [[independent living]] movement.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|title=World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020042852/http://disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|archive-date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Heumann's commitment to disability rights stems from her personal experiences. She had [[polio]] at the age of 18 months, and has used a [[wheelchair]] most of her life. Heumann had to fight repeatedly to be included in the educational system. The local public school refused to allow her to attend, calling her a fire hazard. Instead, for three years she was given home instruction twice a week for about an hour each visit. Heumann's mother, Ilsa Heumann, a community activist in her own right, challenged the decision. Judy was then allowed to go to a special school in the fourth grade for disabled children. Per city policy it was understood Judy would return to home instruction for high school. Judy's mother rallied against this policy with other parents who put enough pressure on the school to reverse the policy. Judy entered high school in 1961.

She attended Camp Jened, a camp for kids with disabilities, in [[Hunter, New York]] every summer from ages 9 to 18. Heumann's experience of camp brought her a greater awareness of the connected of disabled experience "We had the same joy together, the same anger over the way we were treated and the same frustrations at opportunities we didn't have." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=|page=20}}</ref> It was there that she met Bobbi Linn and Freida Tankus, who she would later work with as disability rights activists.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973|journal=Journal of Social History|date=December 1, 2012|volume=2|issue=46|pages=473–499}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973|hdl=1811/48349}}</ref>

=== College ===
Judy Heumann began making major moves toward rights for people with disabilities while attending [[Long Island University]]. She organized rallies and protests with other students with and without disabilities, demanding things like access to her classrooms by ramps and the right to live in a dorm. While at Long Island University she studied [[Speech Therapy|speech therapy]].<ref name=":0" />

== ''Heumann v. Board of Education of the City of New York''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1970943320fsupp6231818}}</ref> ==
Heumann was denied her New York teaching license because the Board did not believe she could get herself or her students out of the building in case of a fire. She sued the Board of Education on the basis of discrimination. A local newspaper toted a headline of 'You Can Be President, Not Teacher, with Polio'. After the judge recommended that [[New York City’s Board of Education]] rethink its decision, and it became very likely the Board of Education would lose, they settled out of court. Heumann became the first wheelchair user to teach in New York City<ref>http://www.adawatch.org/JudyHeumannPA.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project|website=www.disabilityhistory.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> and taught elementary school there for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/collection/items/heumann.html|title=Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

== Policy work and advocacy ==
===Disabled in Action===

Heumann received lots of mail from disabled people around the country due to her press coverage while suing the Board of Education. Many wrote in about their experiences with discrimination because of their disabilities. Based on the outpouring of support and letters, In 1970 Heumann and several friends (some of whom she met a Camp for children with Disabilities) founded [[Disabled in Action]] (DIA), an organization that focused on securing the protection of people with disabilities under civil rights laws through political protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilusa.com/articles/0223021judith_heumann.htm|title=Judith Heumann|website=www.ilusa.com|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabledinaction.org/photos_heumann.html|title=Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)|website=www.disabledinaction.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

===Center for Independent Living===

[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] asked Judy to move to California to work for the [https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html Center for Independent Living] where she served as the deputy director from 1975 to 1982. She was an early adapter of the [[Independent living|Independent Living Movement]].

She was responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.

===Individuals with Disabilities Education Act===

While serving as a legislative assistant to the chairperson of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare]], in 1974 she helped develop legislation that became the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]].

===504 Sit-in===
{{Main|504 Sit-in}}

Initially [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]], U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, refused to sign meaningful regulations for [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]], which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dredf.org/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in/|title=Short History of the 504 Sit in|work=dredf.org}}</ref> After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the beginning of the [[504 Sit-in]] at the San Francisco Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This sit-in, led by Heumann and organized by [[Kitty Cone]], lasted until May 4, 1977, a total of 28 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest sit-in at a federal building to date. [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]] signed both Education of All Handicapped Children and Section 504 on April 28, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=New York|pages=69–70}}</ref><ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|title=Disability History Timeline|year=2002|work=Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management|publisher=[[Temple University]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065328/http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|archivedate=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/resources/timeline.html|title=The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="disabilityhistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta7.htm|title=EDGE - Curriculum - Biology|work=disabilityhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1w1001mt&brand=oac4&doc.view=entire_text|title=Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977|work=cdlib.org}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EADH0161&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free|title=Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from ''Encyclopedia of American Disability History''|work=Encyclopedia of American Disability History}}</ref> Comedy Central did an episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.

===World Institute on Disability===

Heumann co-founded the World Institute on Disability with [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] and [[Joan Leon]] in 1983, serving as co-director until 1993.

===Department on Disability Services===

Mayor Fenty, District of Columbia, appointed her as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the [[Rehabilitation Services Administration]].

===Clinton Administration===

Heumann served in the [[Clinton Administration]] as Assistant Secretary of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services at the [[US Department of Education]] from 1993 to 2001.

===World Bank===

From 2002 to 2006 she served as the [[World Bank Group]]'s first Advisor on Disability and Development, leading the World Bank's work on disability and worked to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the Bank discussions with client countries, its country-based analytical work, and support for improving policies, programs, and projects that allow disabled people around the world to live and work in the economic and social mainstream of their communities.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She was Lead Consultant to the Global Partnership for Disability and Development.
[[File:Judith Heumann face detail, from- Ambassadors Kennedy Greets Sp. Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in Tokyo - Flickr - East Asia and Pacific Media Hub (1) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Judith Heumann, Special Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in [[Tokyo]] on 4 December 2014|alt=]]

===Special Advisor===
[[File:Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom OLDL 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom at [[TASH (organization)|TASH's]] ''Outstanding Leadership in Disability Law Symposium and Awards Dinner'', George Washington University, July 25, 2019|alt=A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.]]

In 2010 Heumann became the Special Advisor on Disability Rights for the US State Department appointed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dds.dc.gov/dds/cwp/view,a,3,q,496289.asp|title=Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> Judy was the first to hold this role where she served from 2010-2017. On January 20th, 2017 Heumann left her post at the State Department with the change of a new administration. The Special Advisor role has not yet been filled under the Trump Administration. Paralympian [[Ann Cody]] is currently the most senior official working on international disability rights at State.

===Ford Foundation===

From September of 2017 to April of 2019 she was a [https://www.fordfoundation.org/the-latest/news/ford-foundation-names-judy-heumann-senior-fellow/ Senior Fellow] at the [[Ford Foundation]]. There she worked to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work. She also promoted the intentional inclusion of Disability in philanthropy work overall. During her time as a Fellow she produced a paper co-written by Katherine Salinas and Michellie Hess titled [https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/4276/judyheumann_report_2019_final.pdf Roadmap for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media] . This paper explores the lack of representation of disabled people in front of, and behind the camera, as well as prominent stereotypes of disabled characters when represented in the media, and concludes with a call to action to increase disabled representation in media.

== Media ==
* {{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}.
* The 2008 documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M The Power of 504]'' prominently features Heumann.
* She appears in the 2011 documentary ''[[Lives Worth Living]]''.
* She delivered a [https://www.ted.com/talks/judith_heumann_our_fight_for_disability_rights_and_why_we_re_not_done_yet?language=en TED] talk in 2017.<ref> https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-our-fight-for-disability-rights/</ref>
* Comedy Central did a 2018 episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.
* Heumann appeared on [https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/other/improving-disability-representation-both-on-screen-and-off/vp-AACxKoo Bloomberg on 7/6/2019] to discuss representation of disability in the media.
* She is featured in the 2020 documentary ''Crip Camp''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Kohn |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/crip-camp-review-netflix-sundance-1202205370/amp/ |title=‘Crip Camp’ Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp – IndieWire |publisher=Indiewire.com |date=2020-01-23 |accessdate=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Education ==
Heumann graduated from [[Long Island University]] in 1969 and gained a Master of Science degree in public health at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1975. She has been awarded six honorary doctorates:

# [[Long Island University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, 1994
# [[University of Toledo]], Ohio, an Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, 2004
# The [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], Honorary Doctorate of Public Administration, 2001
# [[Brooklyn College]], Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2018/03/27/brooklyn-college-to-award-judy-heumann-honorary-doctorate-at-its-2018-commencement-ceremony/|title=Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony|website=CUNY Newswire|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> 2018
# [[Middlebury College]], Honorary Doctorate of Education, 2019
# [[Rowan University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, 2019

== Awards and recognition ==

* 2019 The [https://lurie.brandeis.edu/ Lurie Institute for Disability Policy] gave an award "The journey to Achieving Equality: Past, Present, and Future of Disability Activism" with gratitude for your leadership and activism in civil rights The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University Waltham, MA March 7, 2019
*2018 Women's Caucus Award given by the National Council on Independent Living
* 2018 [http://disstudies.org/ Society for Disability Studies] President's Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disstudies.org/index.php/awards/presidents-award/|title=President's Award|date=2016-08-29|website=Society for Disability Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> SDS says of their decision to award Judy the President's Award:<blockquote>"SDS confers the President’s Award for artists and activists who embody the goals of the Society, reiterating our commitment to all kinds of work in disability studies. SDS recognizes Judy Heumann for her five-decade career as a disabled activist who has changed the lives of every single disabled person in the United States and across the globe. Her work has shown the vibrancy and strength of the social model of disability and the power and importance of the disability rights movement’s central mantra: 'nothing about us without us.'"</blockquote>
* 2017 U.S. International Council on Disabilities, Dole-Harkin
*2017 [https://www.interaction.org/ InterAction] [https://www.miusa.org/news/2017/inclusionaward Disability Inclusion Award], in recognition of Judy's major impact on disability inclusion in international development.
*In 2014 the Berkeley Rotary Club gave its annual Rotary Peace Grove Award to Heumann and to the late [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]], another disability rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_26190156/berkeley-disability-activists-receive-peace-award-emotional-ceremony|title=Berkeley disability activists receive peace award in emotional ceremony|date=21 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>
*Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from [https://www.ncil.org/ National Council on Independent Living] In recognition of a lifetime of dedicated hard work and leadership to advance the [http://www.vcil.org/resources/pas-toolkit/the-independent-living-movement-and-disability-rights Independent Living and Disability Rights Movements] and her commitment to the protection and expansion of the civil and human rights of people with disabilities.
* Champion of Disability Rights Award from the [https://spanadvocacy.org/ SPAN Parent Advocacy Network]. "For lifelong commitment and activism for the human and civil rights of children and adults with disabilities in the United States throughout the world."
* Advocacy Award from ALPHA Disability Section "This award is presented to a person or a consumer-driven organization who has demonstrated excellence in the area of advocacy to improve the health and quality of life for people with disabilities."
* Distinguished Service Award from NARRTC (formerly known as the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers) "In recognition of important contributions and achievements that have strategically advanced the field of disability through her research, teaching, service, and advocacy on behalf of person with disabilities."
* Judy was the first recipient of the [[Henry B. Betts Award]] from the [[Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago]] (later awarded jointly with the [[American Association of People with Disabilities]])

==Personal life==
Heumann is married to Jorge Pineda, and lives in Washington, D.C. Heumann, born in Brooklyn to German-Jewish Immigrants, and is the oldest of three children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1993|isbn=0812924126|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56}}</ref> She is the sister of [[Joe Heumann]], a noted film professor and published author. Judy does not view her disability as a tragedy “Disability only becomes a tragedy for me when society fails to provide the things we need to lead our lives- job opportunities or barrier-free buildings, for example.  It is not a tragedy to me that I’m living in a wheelchair<ref name=":1" />”.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Including the Voices of Disabled People in the International Development Agenda'', Thornburgh Family Lecture Series, [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] accessed at [http://www.law.pitt.edu/news/thornburghlecture06.php] July 24, 2006
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Pioneering Disability Rights Advocate and Leader, 1960s-2000'', oral history, [[Online Archive of California]], 2004, retrieved from [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb9v19p0k9] July 24, 2006
* Ilene Zeitzer interview with Judy Heumann. Originally published in, "Change from Within: International Overview of the Impact of Disabled Politicians and Disability Policy Bodies on Governance". retrieved from [http://www.rollingrains.com/archives/000513.html] April 29, 2009

==External links==
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann Disability Social History Project] Bio details
*[https://wid.org/resources/wids-founders/ Bio details on World Institute on Disability website]
*{{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]|years=1993–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Pasternack]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]|years=2010–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heumann, Judith}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Disability rights activists from the United States]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States Department of Education officials]]
[[Category:Clinton administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]

Judith Heumann

2020-03-06T11:06:39Z

JDDJS: /* Early life */Minor grammar

{{Infobox Ambassador
|name = Judith Heumann
|image = Heumann.gif
|office = Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]
|appointed = [[President Barack Obama]]
|term_start = June 7, 2010
|term_end = January 20, 2017
|predecessor = Position established
|successor =
|office1 = [[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]
|president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = June 1993
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]
|successor1 = [[Robert H. Pasternack|Robert Pasternack]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1947}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[Long Island University]] [[UC Berkeley School of Public Health|University of California, Berkeley]]
}}
'''Judith Ellen Heumann "Judy"''' (born December 18, 1947) is an American [[disability rights]] activist. She is recognized internationally as a leader in the disability community. Heumann is a lifelong civil rights advocate for people with disabilities. Her work with governments and [[non governmental organizations]] (NGOs), non-profits, and various other disability interest groups, has produced significant contributions since the 1970s to the development of human rights legislation and policies benefiting children and adults with disabilities. Through her work in the [[World Bank]] and the [[State Department]], Heumann led the mainstreaming of disability rights into international development. Her contributions extended the international reach of the [[independent living]] movement.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|title=World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020042852/http://disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|archive-date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Heumann's commitment to disability rights stems from her personal experiences. She had [[polio]] at the age of 18 months, and has used a [[wheelchair]] most of her life. Heumann had to fight repeatedly to be included in the educational system. The local public school refused to allow her to attend, calling her a fire hazard. Instead, for three years she was given home instruction twice a week for about an hour each visit. Heumann's mother, Ilsa Heumann, a community activist in her own right, challenged the decision. Judy was then allowed to go to a special school in the fourth grade for disabled children. Per city policy it was understood Judy would return to home instruction for high school. Judy's mother rallied against this policy with other parents who put enough pressure on the school to reverse the policy. Judy entered high school in 1961.

She attended Camp Jened, a camp for kids with disabilities, in [[Hunter, New York]] every summer from ages 9 to 18. Heumann's experience of camp brought her a greater awareness of the connected of disabled experience "We had the same joy together, the same anger over the way we were treated and the same frustrations at opportunities we didn't have." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=|page=20}}</ref> It was there that she met Bobbi Linn and Freida Tankus, who she would later work with as disability rights activists.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973|journal=Journal of Social History|date=December 1, 2012|volume=2|issue=46|pages=473–499}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973|hdl=1811/48349}}</ref>

=== College ===
Judy Heumann began making major moves toward rights for people with disabilities while attending [[Long Island University]]. She organized rallies and protests with other students with and without disabilities, demanding things like access to her classrooms by ramps and the right to live in a dorm. While at Long Island University she studied [[Speech Therapy|speech therapy]].<ref name=":0" />

== ''Heumann v. Board of Education of the City of New York''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1970943320fsupp6231818}}</ref> ==
Heumann was denied her New York teaching license because the Board did not believe she could get herself or her students out of the building in case of a fire. She sued the Board of Education on the basis of discrimination. A local newspaper toted a headline of 'You Can Be President, Not Teacher, with Polio'. After the judge recommended that [[New York City’s Board of Education]] rethink its decision, and it became very likely the Board of Education would lose, they settled out of court. Heumann became the first [http://www.newmobility.com/2015/09/dont-say-wheelchair-bound/ wheelchair rider] to teach in New York City<ref>http://www.adawatch.org/JudyHeumannPA.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project|website=www.disabilityhistory.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> and taught elementary school there for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/collection/items/heumann.html|title=Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

== Policy work and advocacy ==
===Disabled in Action===

Heumann received lots of mail from disabled people around the country due to her press coverage while suing the Board of Education. Many wrote in about their experiences with discrimination because of their disabilities. Based on the outpouring of support and letters, In 1970 Heumann and several friends (some of whom she met a Camp for children with Disabilities) founded [[Disabled in Action]] (DIA), an organization that focused on securing the protection of people with disabilities under civil rights laws through political protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilusa.com/articles/0223021judith_heumann.htm|title=Judith Heumann|website=www.ilusa.com|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabledinaction.org/photos_heumann.html|title=Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)|website=www.disabledinaction.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

===Center for Independent Living===

[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] asked Judy to move to California to work for the [https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html Center for Independent Living] where she served as the deputy director from 1975 to 1982. She was an early adapter of the [[Independent living|Independent Living Movement]].

She was responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.

===Individuals with Disabilities Education Act===

While serving as a legislative assistant to the chairperson of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare]], in 1974 she helped develop legislation that became the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]].

===504 Sit-in===
{{Main|504 Sit-in}}

Initially [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]], U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, refused to sign meaningful regulations for [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]], which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dredf.org/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in/|title=Short History of the 504 Sit in|work=dredf.org}}</ref> After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the beginning of the [[504 Sit-in]] at the San Francisco Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This sit-in, led by Heumann and organized by [[Kitty Cone]], lasted until May 4, 1977, a total of 28 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest sit-in at a federal building to date. [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]] signed both Education of All Handicapped Children and Section 504 on April 28, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=New York|pages=69–70}}</ref><ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|title=Disability History Timeline|year=2002|work=Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management|publisher=[[Temple University]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065328/http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|archivedate=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/resources/timeline.html|title=The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="disabilityhistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta7.htm|title=EDGE - Curriculum - Biology|work=disabilityhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1w1001mt&brand=oac4&doc.view=entire_text|title=Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977|work=cdlib.org}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EADH0161&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free|title=Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from ''Encyclopedia of American Disability History''|work=Encyclopedia of American Disability History}}</ref> Comedy Central did an episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.

===World Institute on Disability===

Heumann co-founded the World Institute on Disability with [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] and [[Joan Leon]] in 1983, serving as co-director until 1993.

===Department on Disability Services===

Mayor Fenty, District of Columbia, appointed her as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the [[Rehabilitation Services Administration]].

===Clinton Administration===

Heumann served in the [[Clinton Administration]] as Assistant Secretary of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services at the [[US Department of Education]] from 1993 to 2001.

===World Bank===

From 2002 to 2006 she served as the [[World Bank Group]]'s first Advisor on Disability and Development, leading the World Bank's work on disability and worked to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the Bank discussions with client countries, its country-based analytical work, and support for improving policies, programs, and projects that allow disabled people around the world to live and work in the economic and social mainstream of their communities.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She was Lead Consultant to the Global Partnership for Disability and Development.
[[File:Judith Heumann face detail, from- Ambassadors Kennedy Greets Sp. Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in Tokyo - Flickr - East Asia and Pacific Media Hub (1) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Judith Heumann, Special Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in [[Tokyo]] on 4 December 2014|alt=]]

===Special Advisor===
[[File:Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom OLDL 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom at [[TASH (organization)|TASH's]] ''Outstanding Leadership in Disability Law Symposium and Awards Dinner'', George Washington University, July 25, 2019|alt=A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.]]

In 2010 Heumann became the Special Advisor on Disability Rights for the US State Department appointed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dds.dc.gov/dds/cwp/view,a,3,q,496289.asp|title=Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> Judy was the first to hold this role where she served from 2010-2017. On January 20th, 2017 Heumann left her post at the State Department with the change of a new administration. The Special Advisor role has not yet been filled under the Trump Administration. Paralympian [[Ann Cody]] is currently the most senior official working on international disability rights at State.

===Ford Foundation===

From September of 2017 to April of 2019 she was a [https://www.fordfoundation.org/the-latest/news/ford-foundation-names-judy-heumann-senior-fellow/ Senior Fellow] at the [[Ford Foundation]]. There she worked to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work. She also promoted the intentional inclusion of Disability in philanthropy work overall. During her time as a Fellow she produced a paper co-written by Katherine Salinas and Michellie Hess titled [https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/4276/judyheumann_report_2019_final.pdf Roadmap for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media] . This paper explores the lack of representation of disabled people in front of, and behind the camera, as well as prominent stereotypes of disabled characters when represented in the media, and concludes with a call to action to increase disabled representation in media.

== Media ==
* {{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}.
* The 2008 documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M The Power of 504]'' prominently features Heumann.
* She appears in the 2011 documentary ''[[Lives Worth Living]]''.
* She delivered a [https://www.ted.com/talks/judith_heumann_our_fight_for_disability_rights_and_why_we_re_not_done_yet?language=en TED] talk in 2017.<ref> https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-our-fight-for-disability-rights/</ref>
* Comedy Central did a 2018 episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.
* Heumann appeared on [https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/other/improving-disability-representation-both-on-screen-and-off/vp-AACxKoo Bloomberg on 7/6/2019] to discuss representation of disability in the media.
* She is featured in the 2020 documentary ''Crip Camp''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Kohn |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/crip-camp-review-netflix-sundance-1202205370/amp/ |title=‘Crip Camp’ Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp – IndieWire |publisher=Indiewire.com |date=2020-01-23 |accessdate=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Education ==
Heumann graduated from [[Long Island University]] in 1969 and gained a Master of Science degree in public health at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1975. She has been awarded six honorary doctorates:

# [[Long Island University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, 1994
# [[University of Toledo]], Ohio, an Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, 2004
# The [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], Honorary Doctorate of Public Administration, 2001
# [[Brooklyn College]], Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2018/03/27/brooklyn-college-to-award-judy-heumann-honorary-doctorate-at-its-2018-commencement-ceremony/|title=Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony|website=CUNY Newswire|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> 2018
# [[Middlebury College]], Honorary Doctorate of Education, 2019
# [[Rowan University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, 2019

== Awards and recognition ==

* 2019 The [https://lurie.brandeis.edu/ Lurie Institute for Disability Policy] gave an award "The journey to Achieving Equality: Past, Present, and Future of Disability Activism" with gratitude for your leadership and activism in civil rights The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University Waltham, MA March 7, 2019
*2018 Women's Caucus Award given by the National Council on Independent Living
* 2018 [http://disstudies.org/ Society for Disability Studies] President's Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disstudies.org/index.php/awards/presidents-award/|title=President's Award|date=2016-08-29|website=Society for Disability Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> SDS says of their decision to award Judy the President's Award:<blockquote>"SDS confers the President’s Award for artists and activists who embody the goals of the Society, reiterating our commitment to all kinds of work in disability studies. SDS recognizes Judy Heumann for her five-decade career as a disabled activist who has changed the lives of every single disabled person in the United States and across the globe. Her work has shown the vibrancy and strength of the social model of disability and the power and importance of the disability rights movement’s central mantra: 'nothing about us without us.'"</blockquote>
* 2017 U.S. International Council on Disabilities, Dole-Harkin
*2017 [https://www.interaction.org/ InterAction] [https://www.miusa.org/news/2017/inclusionaward Disability Inclusion Award], in recognition of Judy's major impact on disability inclusion in international development.
*In 2014 the Berkeley Rotary Club gave its annual Rotary Peace Grove Award to Heumann and to the late [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]], another disability rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_26190156/berkeley-disability-activists-receive-peace-award-emotional-ceremony|title=Berkeley disability activists receive peace award in emotional ceremony|date=21 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>
*Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from [https://www.ncil.org/ National Council on Independent Living] In recognition of a lifetime of dedicated hard work and leadership to advance the [http://www.vcil.org/resources/pas-toolkit/the-independent-living-movement-and-disability-rights Independent Living and Disability Rights Movements] and her commitment to the protection and expansion of the civil and human rights of people with disabilities.
* Champion of Disability Rights Award from the [https://spanadvocacy.org/ SPAN Parent Advocacy Network]. "For lifelong commitment and activism for the human and civil rights of children and adults with disabilities in the United States throughout the world."
* Advocacy Award from ALPHA Disability Section "This award is presented to a person or a consumer-driven organization who has demonstrated excellence in the area of advocacy to improve the health and quality of life for people with disabilities."
* Distinguished Service Award from NARRTC (formerly known as the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers) "In recognition of important contributions and achievements that have strategically advanced the field of disability through her research, teaching, service, and advocacy on behalf of person with disabilities."
* Judy was the first recipient of the [[Henry B. Betts Award]] from the [[Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago]] (later awarded jointly with the [[American Association of People with Disabilities]])

==Personal life==
Heumann is married to Jorge Pineda, and lives in Washington, D.C. Heumann, born in Brooklyn to German-Jewish Immigrants, and is the oldest of three children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1993|isbn=0812924126|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56}}</ref> She is the sister of [[Joe Heumann]], a noted film professor and published author. Judy does not view her disability as a tragedy “Disability only becomes a tragedy for me when society fails to provide the things we need to lead our lives- job opportunities or barrier-free buildings, for example.  It is not a tragedy to me that I’m living in a wheelchair<ref name=":1" />”.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Including the Voices of Disabled People in the International Development Agenda'', Thornburgh Family Lecture Series, [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] accessed at [http://www.law.pitt.edu/news/thornburghlecture06.php] July 24, 2006
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Pioneering Disability Rights Advocate and Leader, 1960s-2000'', oral history, [[Online Archive of California]], 2004, retrieved from [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb9v19p0k9] July 24, 2006
* Ilene Zeitzer interview with Judy Heumann. Originally published in, "Change from Within: International Overview of the Impact of Disabled Politicians and Disability Policy Bodies on Governance". retrieved from [http://www.rollingrains.com/archives/000513.html] April 29, 2009

==External links==
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann Disability Social History Project] Bio details
*[https://wid.org/resources/wids-founders/ Bio details on World Institute on Disability website]
*{{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]|years=1993–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Pasternack]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]|years=2010–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heumann, Judith}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Disability rights activists from the United States]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States Department of Education officials]]
[[Category:Clinton administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]

Judith Heumann

2020-03-06T04:25:41Z

JDDJS: /* Personal */

{{Infobox Ambassador
|name = Judith Heumann
|image = Heumann.gif
|office = Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]
|appointed = [[President Barack Obama]]
|term_start = June 7, 2010
|term_end = January 20, 2017
|predecessor = Position established
|successor =
|office1 = [[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]
|president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = June 1993
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]
|successor1 = [[Robert H. Pasternack|Robert Pasternack]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1947}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[Long Island University]] [[UC Berkeley School of Public Health|University of California, Berkeley]]
}}
'''Judith Ellen Heumann "Judy"''' (born December 18, 1947) is an American [[disability rights]] activist. She is recognized internationally as a leader in the disability community. Heumann is a lifelong civil rights advocate for people with disabilities. Her work with governments and [[non governmental organizations]] (NGOs), non-profits, and various other disability interest groups, has produced significant contributions since the 1970s to the development of human rights legislation and policies benefiting children and adults with disabilities. Through her work in the [[World Bank]] and the [[State Department]], Heumann led the mainstreaming of disability rights into international development. Her contributions extended the international reach of the [[independent living]] movement.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|title=World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020042852/http://disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|archive-date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Heumann's commitment to disability rights stems from her personal experiences. She had [[polio]] at the age of 18 months, and has used a [[wheelchair]] most of her life. Heumann had to fight repeatedly to be included in the educational system. The local public school refused to allow her to attend, calling her a fire hazard. Instead, for three years she was given home instruction twice a week for about an hour each visit. Heumann's mother, Ilsa Heumann, a community activist in her own right, challenged the decision. Judy was then allowed to go to a special school in the fourth grade for disabled children. Per City Policy it was understood Judy would return to home instruction for High School. Judy's mother rallied against this policy with other parents who put enough pressure on the school to reverse the policy. Judy entered High School in 1961.

She attended Camp Jened, a camp for kids with disabilities, in [[Hunter, New York]] every summer from ages 9 to 18. Heumann's experience of camp brought her a greater awareness of the connected of disabled experience "We had the same joy together, the same anger over the way we were treated and the same frustrations at opportunities we didn't have." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=|page=20}}</ref> It was there that she met Bobbi Linn and Freida Tankus, who she would later work with as disability rights activists.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973|journal=Journal of Social History|date=December 1, 2012|volume=2|issue=46|pages=473–499}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973|hdl=1811/48349}}</ref>

=== College ===
Judy Heumann began making major moves toward rights for people with disabilities while attending [[Long Island University]]. She organized rallies and protests with other students with and without disabilities, demanding things like access to her classrooms by ramps and the right to live in a dorm. While at Long Island University she studied [[Speech Therapy|speech therapy]].<ref name=":0" />

== ''Heumann v. Board of Education of the City of New York''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1970943320fsupp6231818}}</ref> ==
Heumann was denied her New York teaching license because the Board did not believe she could get herself or her students out of the building in case of a fire. She sued the Board of Education on the basis of discrimination. A local newspaper toted a headline of 'You Can Be President, Not Teacher, with Polio'. After the judge recommended that [[New York City’s Board of Education]] rethink its decision, and it became very likely the Board of Education would lose, they settled out of court. Heumann became the first [http://www.newmobility.com/2015/09/dont-say-wheelchair-bound/ wheelchair rider] to teach in New York City<ref>http://www.adawatch.org/JudyHeumannPA.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project|website=www.disabilityhistory.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> and taught elementary school there for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/collection/items/heumann.html|title=Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

== Policy work and advocacy ==
===Disabled in Action===

Heumann received lots of mail from disabled people around the country due to her press coverage while suing the Board of Education. Many wrote in about their experiences with discrimination because of their disabilities. Based on the outpouring of support and letters, In 1970 Heumann and several friends (some of whom she met a Camp for children with Disabilities) founded [[Disabled in Action]] (DIA), an organization that focused on securing the protection of people with disabilities under civil rights laws through political protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilusa.com/articles/0223021judith_heumann.htm|title=Judith Heumann|website=www.ilusa.com|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabledinaction.org/photos_heumann.html|title=Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)|website=www.disabledinaction.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

===Center for Independent Living===

[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] asked Judy to move to California to work for the [https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html Center for Independent Living] where she served as the deputy director from 1975 to 1982. She was an early adapter of the [[Independent living|Independent Living Movement]].

She was responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.

===Individuals with Disabilities Education Act===

While serving as a legislative assistant to the chairperson of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare]], in 1974 she helped develop legislation that became the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]].

===504 Sit-in===
{{Main|504 Sit-in}}

Initially [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]], U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, refused to sign meaningful regulations for [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]], which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dredf.org/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in/|title=Short History of the 504 Sit in|work=dredf.org}}</ref> After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the beginning of the [[504 Sit-in]] at the San Francisco Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This sit-in, led by Heumann and organized by [[Kitty Cone]], lasted until May 4, 1977, a total of 28 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest sit-in at a federal building to date. [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]] signed both Education of All Handicapped Children and Section 504 on April 28, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=New York|pages=69–70}}</ref><ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|title=Disability History Timeline|year=2002|work=Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management|publisher=[[Temple University]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065328/http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|archivedate=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/resources/timeline.html|title=The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="disabilityhistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta7.htm|title=EDGE - Curriculum - Biology|work=disabilityhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1w1001mt&brand=oac4&doc.view=entire_text|title=Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977|work=cdlib.org}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EADH0161&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free|title=Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from ''Encyclopedia of American Disability History''|work=Encyclopedia of American Disability History}}</ref> Comedy Central did an episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.

===World Institute on Disability===

Heumann co-founded the World Institute on Disability with [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] and [[Joan Leon]] in 1983, serving as co-director until 1993.

===Department on Disability Services===

Mayor Fenty, District of Columbia, appointed her as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the [[Rehabilitation Services Administration]].

===Clinton Administration===

Heumann served in the [[Clinton Administration]] as Assistant Secretary of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services at the [[US Department of Education]] from 1993 to 2001.

===World Bank===

From 2002 to 2006 she served as the [[World Bank Group]]'s first Advisor on Disability and Development, leading the World Bank's work on disability and worked to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the Bank discussions with client countries, its country-based analytical work, and support for improving policies, programs, and projects that allow disabled people around the world to live and work in the economic and social mainstream of their communities.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She was Lead Consultant to the Global Partnership for Disability and Development.
[[File:Judith Heumann face detail, from- Ambassadors Kennedy Greets Sp. Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in Tokyo - Flickr - East Asia and Pacific Media Hub (1) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Judith Heumann, Special Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in [[Tokyo]] on 4 December 2014|alt=]]

===Special Advisor===
[[File:Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom OLDL 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom at [[TASH (organization)|TASH's]] ''Outstanding Leadership in Disability Law Symposium and Awards Dinner'', George Washington University, July 25, 2019|alt=A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.]]

In 2010 Heumann became the Special Advisor on Disability Rights for the US State Department appointed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dds.dc.gov/dds/cwp/view,a,3,q,496289.asp|title=Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> Judy was the first to hold this role where she served from 2010-2017. On January 20th, 2017 Heumann left her post at the State Department with the change of a new administration. The Special Advisor role has not yet been filled under the Trump Administration. Paralympian [[Ann Cody]] is currently the most senior official working on international disability rights at State.

===Ford Foundation===

From September of 2017 to April of 2019 she was a [https://www.fordfoundation.org/the-latest/news/ford-foundation-names-judy-heumann-senior-fellow/ Senior Fellow] at the [[Ford Foundation]]. There she worked to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work. She also promoted the intentional inclusion of Disability in philanthropy work overall. During her time as a Fellow she produced a paper co-written by Katherine Salinas and Michellie Hess titled [https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/4276/judyheumann_report_2019_final.pdf Roadmap for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media] . This paper explores the lack of representation of disabled people in front of, and behind the camera, as well as prominent stereotypes of disabled characters when represented in the media, and concludes with a call to action to increase disabled representation in media.

== Media ==
* {{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}.
* The 2008 documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M The Power of 504]'' prominently features Heumann.
* She appears in the 2011 documentary ''[[Lives Worth Living]]''.
* She delivered a [https://www.ted.com/talks/judith_heumann_our_fight_for_disability_rights_and_why_we_re_not_done_yet?language=en TED] talk in 2017.<ref> https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-our-fight-for-disability-rights/</ref>
* Comedy Central did a 2018 episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.
* Heumann appeared on [https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/other/improving-disability-representation-both-on-screen-and-off/vp-AACxKoo Bloomberg on 7/6/2019] to discuss representation of disability in the media.
* She is featured in the 2020 documentary ''Crip Camp''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Kohn |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/crip-camp-review-netflix-sundance-1202205370/amp/ |title=‘Crip Camp’ Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp – IndieWire |publisher=Indiewire.com |date=2020-01-23 |accessdate=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Education ==
Heumann graduated from [[Long Island University]] in 1969 and gained a Master of Science degree in public health at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1975. She has been awarded six honorary doctorates:

# [[Long Island University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, 1994
# [[University of Toledo]], Ohio, an Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, 2004
# The [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], Honorary Doctorate of Public Administration, 2001
# [[Brooklyn College]], Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2018/03/27/brooklyn-college-to-award-judy-heumann-honorary-doctorate-at-its-2018-commencement-ceremony/|title=Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony|website=CUNY Newswire|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> 2018
# [[Middlebury College]], Honorary Doctorate of Education, 2019
# [[Rowan University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, 2019

== Awards and recognition ==

* 2019 The [https://lurie.brandeis.edu/ Lurie Institute for Disability Policy] gave an award "The journey to Achieving Equality: Past, Present, and Future of Disability Activism" with gratitude for your leadership and activism in civil rights The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University Waltham, MA March 7, 2019
*2018 Women's Caucus Award given by the National Council on Independent Living
* 2018 [http://disstudies.org/ Society for Disability Studies] President's Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disstudies.org/index.php/awards/presidents-award/|title=President's Award|date=2016-08-29|website=Society for Disability Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> SDS says of their decision to award Judy the President's Award:<blockquote>"SDS confers the President’s Award for artists and activists who embody the goals of the Society, reiterating our commitment to all kinds of work in disability studies. SDS recognizes Judy Heumann for her five-decade career as a disabled activist who has changed the lives of every single disabled person in the United States and across the globe. Her work has shown the vibrancy and strength of the social model of disability and the power and importance of the disability rights movement’s central mantra: 'nothing about us without us.'"</blockquote>
* 2017 U.S. International Council on Disabilities, Dole-Harkin
*2017 [https://www.interaction.org/ InterAction] [https://www.miusa.org/news/2017/inclusionaward Disability Inclusion Award], in recognition of Judy's major impact on disability inclusion in international development.
*In 2014 the Berkeley Rotary Club gave its annual Rotary Peace Grove Award to Heumann and to the late [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]], another disability rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_26190156/berkeley-disability-activists-receive-peace-award-emotional-ceremony|title=Berkeley disability activists receive peace award in emotional ceremony|date=21 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>
*Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from [https://www.ncil.org/ National Council on Independent Living] In recognition of a lifetime of dedicated hard work and leadership to advance the [http://www.vcil.org/resources/pas-toolkit/the-independent-living-movement-and-disability-rights Independent Living and Disability Rights Movements] and her commitment to the protection and expansion of the civil and human rights of people with disabilities.
* Champion of Disability Rights Award from the [https://spanadvocacy.org/ SPAN Parent Advocacy Network]. "For lifelong commitment and activism for the human and civil rights of children and adults with disabilities in the United States throughout the world."
* Advocacy Award from ALPHA Disability Section "This award is presented to a person or a consumer-driven organization who has demonstrated excellence in the area of advocacy to improve the health and quality of life for people with disabilities."
* Distinguished Service Award from NARRTC (formerly known as the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers) "In recognition of important contributions and achievements that have strategically advanced the field of disability through her research, teaching, service, and advocacy on behalf of person with disabilities."
* Judy was the first recipient of the [[Henry B. Betts Award]] from the [[Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago]] (later awarded jointly with the [[American Association of People with Disabilities]])

==Personal life==
Heumann is married to Jorge Pineda, and lives in Washington, D.C. Heumann, born in Brooklyn to German-Jewish Immigrants, and is the oldest of three children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1993|isbn=0812924126|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56}}</ref> She is the sister of [[Joe Heumann]], a noted film professor and published author. Judy does not view her disability as a tragedy “Disability only becomes a tragedy for me when society fails to provide the things we need to lead our lives- job opportunities or barrier-free buildings, for example.  It is not a tragedy to me that I’m living in a wheelchair<ref name=":1" />”.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Including the Voices of Disabled People in the International Development Agenda'', Thornburgh Family Lecture Series, [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] accessed at [http://www.law.pitt.edu/news/thornburghlecture06.php] July 24, 2006
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Pioneering Disability Rights Advocate and Leader, 1960s-2000'', oral history, [[Online Archive of California]], 2004, retrieved from [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb9v19p0k9] July 24, 2006
* Ilene Zeitzer interview with Judy Heumann. Originally published in, "Change from Within: International Overview of the Impact of Disabled Politicians and Disability Policy Bodies on Governance". retrieved from [http://www.rollingrains.com/archives/000513.html] April 29, 2009

==External links==
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann Disability Social History Project] Bio details
*[https://wid.org/resources/wids-founders/ Bio details on World Institute on Disability website]
*{{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]|years=1993–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Pasternack]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]|years=2010–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heumann, Judith}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Disability rights activists from the United States]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States Department of Education officials]]
[[Category:Clinton administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]

Judith Heumann

2020-03-06T04:24:12Z

JDDJS: /* College */

{{Infobox Ambassador
|name = Judith Heumann
|image = Heumann.gif
|office = Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]
|appointed = [[President Barack Obama]]
|term_start = June 7, 2010
|term_end = January 20, 2017
|predecessor = Position established
|successor =
|office1 = [[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]
|president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = June 1993
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]
|successor1 = [[Robert H. Pasternack|Robert Pasternack]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1947}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[Long Island University]] [[UC Berkeley School of Public Health|University of California, Berkeley]]
}}
'''Judith Ellen Heumann "Judy"''' (born December 18, 1947) is an American [[disability rights]] activist. She is recognized internationally as a leader in the disability community. Heumann is a lifelong civil rights advocate for people with disabilities. Her work with governments and [[non governmental organizations]] (NGOs), non-profits, and various other disability interest groups, has produced significant contributions since the 1970s to the development of human rights legislation and policies benefiting children and adults with disabilities. Through her work in the [[World Bank]] and the [[State Department]], Heumann led the mainstreaming of disability rights into international development. Her contributions extended the international reach of the [[independent living]] movement.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|title=World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020042852/http://disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|archive-date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Heumann's commitment to disability rights stems from her personal experiences. She had [[polio]] at the age of 18 months, and has used a [[wheelchair]] most of her life. Heumann had to fight repeatedly to be included in the educational system. The local public school refused to allow her to attend, calling her a fire hazard. Instead, for three years she was given home instruction twice a week for about an hour each visit. Heumann's mother, Ilsa Heumann, a community activist in her own right, challenged the decision. Judy was then allowed to go to a special school in the fourth grade for disabled children. Per City Policy it was understood Judy would return to home instruction for High School. Judy's mother rallied against this policy with other parents who put enough pressure on the school to reverse the policy. Judy entered High School in 1961.

She attended Camp Jened, a camp for kids with disabilities, in [[Hunter, New York]] every summer from ages 9 to 18. Heumann's experience of camp brought her a greater awareness of the connected of disabled experience "We had the same joy together, the same anger over the way we were treated and the same frustrations at opportunities we didn't have." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=|page=20}}</ref> It was there that she met Bobbi Linn and Freida Tankus, who she would later work with as disability rights activists.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973|journal=Journal of Social History|date=December 1, 2012|volume=2|issue=46|pages=473–499}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973|hdl=1811/48349}}</ref>

=== College ===
Judy Heumann began making major moves toward rights for people with disabilities while attending [[Long Island University]]. She organized rallies and protests with other students with and without disabilities, demanding things like access to her classrooms by ramps and the right to live in a dorm. While at Long Island University she studied [[Speech Therapy|speech therapy]].<ref name=":0" />

== ''Heumann v. Board of Education of the City of New York''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1970943320fsupp6231818}}</ref> ==
Heumann was denied her New York teaching license because the Board did not believe she could get herself or her students out of the building in case of a fire. She sued the Board of Education on the basis of discrimination. A local newspaper toted a headline of 'You Can Be President, Not Teacher, with Polio'. After the judge recommended that [[New York City’s Board of Education]] rethink its decision, and it became very likely the Board of Education would lose, they settled out of court. Heumann became the first [http://www.newmobility.com/2015/09/dont-say-wheelchair-bound/ wheelchair rider] to teach in New York City<ref>http://www.adawatch.org/JudyHeumannPA.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project|website=www.disabilityhistory.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> and taught elementary school there for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/collection/items/heumann.html|title=Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

== Policy work and advocacy ==
===Disabled in Action===

Heumann received lots of mail from disabled people around the country due to her press coverage while suing the Board of Education. Many wrote in about their experiences with discrimination because of their disabilities. Based on the outpouring of support and letters, In 1970 Heumann and several friends (some of whom she met a Camp for children with Disabilities) founded [[Disabled in Action]] (DIA), an organization that focused on securing the protection of people with disabilities under civil rights laws through political protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilusa.com/articles/0223021judith_heumann.htm|title=Judith Heumann|website=www.ilusa.com|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabledinaction.org/photos_heumann.html|title=Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)|website=www.disabledinaction.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

===Center for Independent Living===

[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] asked Judy to move to California to work for the [https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html Center for Independent Living] where she served as the deputy director from 1975 to 1982. She was an early adapter of the [[Independent living|Independent Living Movement]].

She was responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.

===Individuals with Disabilities Education Act===

While serving as a legislative assistant to the chairperson of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare]], in 1974 she helped develop legislation that became the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]].

===504 Sit-in===
{{Main|504 Sit-in}}

Initially [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]], U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, refused to sign meaningful regulations for [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]], which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dredf.org/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in/|title=Short History of the 504 Sit in|work=dredf.org}}</ref> After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the beginning of the [[504 Sit-in]] at the San Francisco Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This sit-in, led by Heumann and organized by [[Kitty Cone]], lasted until May 4, 1977, a total of 28 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest sit-in at a federal building to date. [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]] signed both Education of All Handicapped Children and Section 504 on April 28, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=New York|pages=69–70}}</ref><ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|title=Disability History Timeline|year=2002|work=Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management|publisher=[[Temple University]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065328/http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|archivedate=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/resources/timeline.html|title=The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="disabilityhistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta7.htm|title=EDGE - Curriculum - Biology|work=disabilityhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1w1001mt&brand=oac4&doc.view=entire_text|title=Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977|work=cdlib.org}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EADH0161&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free|title=Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from ''Encyclopedia of American Disability History''|work=Encyclopedia of American Disability History}}</ref> Comedy Central did an episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.

===World Institute on Disability===

Heumann co-founded the World Institute on Disability with [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] and [[Joan Leon]] in 1983, serving as co-director until 1993.

===Department on Disability Services===

Mayor Fenty, District of Columbia, appointed her as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the [[Rehabilitation Services Administration]].

===Clinton Administration===

Heumann served in the [[Clinton Administration]] as Assistant Secretary of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services at the [[US Department of Education]] from 1993 to 2001.

===World Bank===

From 2002 to 2006 she served as the [[World Bank Group]]'s first Advisor on Disability and Development, leading the World Bank's work on disability and worked to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the Bank discussions with client countries, its country-based analytical work, and support for improving policies, programs, and projects that allow disabled people around the world to live and work in the economic and social mainstream of their communities.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She was Lead Consultant to the Global Partnership for Disability and Development.
[[File:Judith Heumann face detail, from- Ambassadors Kennedy Greets Sp. Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in Tokyo - Flickr - East Asia and Pacific Media Hub (1) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Judith Heumann, Special Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in [[Tokyo]] on 4 December 2014|alt=]]

===Special Advisor===
[[File:Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom OLDL 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom at [[TASH (organization)|TASH's]] ''Outstanding Leadership in Disability Law Symposium and Awards Dinner'', George Washington University, July 25, 2019|alt=A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.]]

In 2010 Heumann became the Special Advisor on Disability Rights for the US State Department appointed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dds.dc.gov/dds/cwp/view,a,3,q,496289.asp|title=Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> Judy was the first to hold this role where she served from 2010-2017. On January 20th, 2017 Heumann left her post at the State Department with the change of a new administration. The Special Advisor role has not yet been filled under the Trump Administration. Paralympian [[Ann Cody]] is currently the most senior official working on international disability rights at State.

===Ford Foundation===

From September of 2017 to April of 2019 she was a [https://www.fordfoundation.org/the-latest/news/ford-foundation-names-judy-heumann-senior-fellow/ Senior Fellow] at the [[Ford Foundation]]. There she worked to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work. She also promoted the intentional inclusion of Disability in philanthropy work overall. During her time as a Fellow she produced a paper co-written by Katherine Salinas and Michellie Hess titled [https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/4276/judyheumann_report_2019_final.pdf Roadmap for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media] . This paper explores the lack of representation of disabled people in front of, and behind the camera, as well as prominent stereotypes of disabled characters when represented in the media, and concludes with a call to action to increase disabled representation in media.

== Media ==
* {{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}.
* The 2008 documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M The Power of 504]'' prominently features Heumann.
* She appears in the 2011 documentary ''[[Lives Worth Living]]''.
* She delivered a [https://www.ted.com/talks/judith_heumann_our_fight_for_disability_rights_and_why_we_re_not_done_yet?language=en TED] talk in 2017.<ref> https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-our-fight-for-disability-rights/</ref>
* Comedy Central did a 2018 episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.
* Heumann appeared on [https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/other/improving-disability-representation-both-on-screen-and-off/vp-AACxKoo Bloomberg on 7/6/2019] to discuss representation of disability in the media.
* She is featured in the 2020 documentary ''Crip Camp''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Kohn |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/crip-camp-review-netflix-sundance-1202205370/amp/ |title=‘Crip Camp’ Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp – IndieWire |publisher=Indiewire.com |date=2020-01-23 |accessdate=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Education ==
Heumann graduated from [[Long Island University]] in 1969 and gained a Master of Science degree in public health at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1975. She has been awarded six honorary doctorates:

# [[Long Island University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, 1994
# [[University of Toledo]], Ohio, an Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, 2004
# The [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], Honorary Doctorate of Public Administration, 2001
# [[Brooklyn College]], Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2018/03/27/brooklyn-college-to-award-judy-heumann-honorary-doctorate-at-its-2018-commencement-ceremony/|title=Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony|website=CUNY Newswire|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> 2018
# [[Middlebury College]], Honorary Doctorate of Education, 2019
# [[Rowan University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, 2019

== Awards and recognition ==

* 2019 The [https://lurie.brandeis.edu/ Lurie Institute for Disability Policy] gave an award "The journey to Achieving Equality: Past, Present, and Future of Disability Activism" with gratitude for your leadership and activism in civil rights The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University Waltham, MA March 7, 2019
*2018 Women's Caucus Award given by the National Council on Independent Living
* 2018 [http://disstudies.org/ Society for Disability Studies] President's Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disstudies.org/index.php/awards/presidents-award/|title=President's Award|date=2016-08-29|website=Society for Disability Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> SDS says of their decision to award Judy the President's Award:<blockquote>"SDS confers the President’s Award for artists and activists who embody the goals of the Society, reiterating our commitment to all kinds of work in disability studies. SDS recognizes Judy Heumann for her five-decade career as a disabled activist who has changed the lives of every single disabled person in the United States and across the globe. Her work has shown the vibrancy and strength of the social model of disability and the power and importance of the disability rights movement’s central mantra: 'nothing about us without us.'"</blockquote>
* 2017 U.S. International Council on Disabilities, Dole-Harkin
*2017 [https://www.interaction.org/ InterAction] [https://www.miusa.org/news/2017/inclusionaward Disability Inclusion Award], in recognition of Judy's major impact on disability inclusion in international development.
*In 2014 the Berkeley Rotary Club gave its annual Rotary Peace Grove Award to Heumann and to the late [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]], another disability rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_26190156/berkeley-disability-activists-receive-peace-award-emotional-ceremony|title=Berkeley disability activists receive peace award in emotional ceremony|date=21 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>
*Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from [https://www.ncil.org/ National Council on Independent Living] In recognition of a lifetime of dedicated hard work and leadership to advance the [http://www.vcil.org/resources/pas-toolkit/the-independent-living-movement-and-disability-rights Independent Living and Disability Rights Movements] and her commitment to the protection and expansion of the civil and human rights of people with disabilities.
* Champion of Disability Rights Award from the [https://spanadvocacy.org/ SPAN Parent Advocacy Network]. "For lifelong commitment and activism for the human and civil rights of children and adults with disabilities in the United States throughout the world."
* Advocacy Award from ALPHA Disability Section "This award is presented to a person or a consumer-driven organization who has demonstrated excellence in the area of advocacy to improve the health and quality of life for people with disabilities."
* Distinguished Service Award from NARRTC (formerly known as the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers) "In recognition of important contributions and achievements that have strategically advanced the field of disability through her research, teaching, service, and advocacy on behalf of person with disabilities."
* Judy was the first recipient of the [[Henry B. Betts Award]] from the [[Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago]] (later awarded jointly with the [[American Association of People with Disabilities]])

==Personal==
Heumann is married to Jorge Pineda, and lives in Washington, D.C. Heumann, born in Brooklyn to German-Jewish Immigrants, and is the oldest of three children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1993|isbn=0812924126|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56}}</ref> She is the sister of [[Joe Heumann]], a noted film professor and published author. Judy does not view her disability as a tragedy “Disability only becomes a tragedy for me when society fails to provide the things we need to lead our lives- job opportunities or barrier-free buildings, for example.  It is not a tragedy to me that I’m living in a wheelchair<ref name=":1" />”.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Including the Voices of Disabled People in the International Development Agenda'', Thornburgh Family Lecture Series, [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] accessed at [http://www.law.pitt.edu/news/thornburghlecture06.php] July 24, 2006
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Pioneering Disability Rights Advocate and Leader, 1960s-2000'', oral history, [[Online Archive of California]], 2004, retrieved from [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb9v19p0k9] July 24, 2006
* Ilene Zeitzer interview with Judy Heumann. Originally published in, "Change from Within: International Overview of the Impact of Disabled Politicians and Disability Policy Bodies on Governance". retrieved from [http://www.rollingrains.com/archives/000513.html] April 29, 2009

==External links==
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann Disability Social History Project] Bio details
*[https://wid.org/resources/wids-founders/ Bio details on World Institute on Disability website]
*{{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]|years=1993–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Pasternack]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]|years=2010–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heumann, Judith}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Disability rights activists from the United States]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States Department of Education officials]]
[[Category:Clinton administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]

Judith Heumann

2020-03-06T04:23:22Z

JDDJS:

{{Infobox Ambassador
|name = Judith Heumann
|image = Heumann.gif
|office = Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]
|appointed = [[President Barack Obama]]
|term_start = June 7, 2010
|term_end = January 20, 2017
|predecessor = Position established
|successor =
|office1 = [[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]
|president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
|term_start1 = June 1993
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]
|successor1 = [[Robert H. Pasternack|Robert Pasternack]]
|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1947}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|alma_mater = [[Long Island University]] [[UC Berkeley School of Public Health|University of California, Berkeley]]
}}
'''Judith Ellen Heumann "Judy"''' (born December 18, 1947) is an American [[disability rights]] activist. She is recognized internationally as a leader in the disability community. Heumann is a lifelong civil rights advocate for people with disabilities. Her work with governments and [[non governmental organizations]] (NGOs), non-profits, and various other disability interest groups, has produced significant contributions since the 1970s to the development of human rights legislation and policies benefiting children and adults with disabilities. Through her work in the [[World Bank]] and the [[State Department]], Heumann led the mainstreaming of disability rights into international development. Her contributions extended the international reach of the [[independent living]] movement.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|title=World Bank Appoints Judy Heumann to New Disability Adviser Post|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020042852/http://disabilityworld.org/04-05_02/news/heumann.shtml|archive-date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Heumann's commitment to disability rights stems from her personal experiences. She had [[polio]] at the age of 18 months, and has used a [[wheelchair]] most of her life. Heumann had to fight repeatedly to be included in the educational system. The local public school refused to allow her to attend, calling her a fire hazard. Instead, for three years she was given home instruction twice a week for about an hour each visit. Heumann's mother, Ilsa Heumann, a community activist in her own right, challenged the decision. Judy was then allowed to go to a special school in the fourth grade for disabled children. Per City Policy it was understood Judy would return to home instruction for High School. Judy's mother rallied against this policy with other parents who put enough pressure on the school to reverse the policy. Judy entered High School in 1961.

She attended Camp Jened, a camp for kids with disabilities, in [[Hunter, New York]] every summer from ages 9 to 18. Heumann's experience of camp brought her a greater awareness of the connected of disabled experience "We had the same joy together, the same anger over the way we were treated and the same frustrations at opportunities we didn't have." <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=|page=20}}</ref> It was there that she met Bobbi Linn and Freida Tankus, who she would later work with as disability rights activists.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Points of Access: Rehabilitation Centers, Summer Camps, and Student Life in the Making of Disability Activism, 1960-1973|journal=Journal of Social History|date=December 1, 2012|volume=2|issue=46|pages=473–499}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|last1=Patterson|first1=Linda|title=Accessing the Academy: The Disabled Student Movement, 1950-1973|hdl=1811/48349}}</ref>

== College ==
Judy Heumann began making major moves toward rights for people with disabilities while attending [[Long Island University]]. She organized rallies and protests with other students with and without disabilities, demanding things like access to her classrooms by ramps and the right to live in a dorm. While at Long Island University she studied [[Speech Therapy|speech therapy]].<ref name=":0" />

== ''Heumann v. Board of Education of the City of New York''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/1970943320fsupp6231818}}</ref> ==
Heumann was denied her New York teaching license because the Board did not believe she could get herself or her students out of the building in case of a fire. She sued the Board of Education on the basis of discrimination. A local newspaper toted a headline of 'You Can Be President, Not Teacher, with Polio'. After the judge recommended that [[New York City’s Board of Education]] rethink its decision, and it became very likely the Board of Education would lose, they settled out of court. Heumann became the first [http://www.newmobility.com/2015/09/dont-say-wheelchair-bound/ wheelchair rider] to teach in New York City<ref>http://www.adawatch.org/JudyHeumannPA.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project|website=www.disabilityhistory.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> and taught elementary school there for three years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/collection/items/heumann.html|title=Judith Heumann - DRILM - University of California, Berkeley|website=bancroft.berkeley.edu|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

== Policy work and advocacy ==
===Disabled in Action===

Heumann received lots of mail from disabled people around the country due to her press coverage while suing the Board of Education. Many wrote in about their experiences with discrimination because of their disabilities. Based on the outpouring of support and letters, In 1970 Heumann and several friends (some of whom she met a Camp for children with Disabilities) founded [[Disabled in Action]] (DIA), an organization that focused on securing the protection of people with disabilities under civil rights laws through political protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilusa.com/articles/0223021judith_heumann.htm|title=Judith Heumann|website=www.ilusa.com|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabledinaction.org/photos_heumann.html|title=Disabled In Action: Photos (Judy Heumann)|website=www.disabledinaction.org|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>

===Center for Independent Living===

[[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] asked Judy to move to California to work for the [https://www.independentliving.org/docs3/zukas.html Center for Independent Living] where she served as the deputy director from 1975 to 1982. She was an early adapter of the [[Independent living|Independent Living Movement]].

She was responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.

===Individuals with Disabilities Education Act===

While serving as a legislative assistant to the chairperson of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare]], in 1974 she helped develop legislation that became the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]].

===504 Sit-in===
{{Main|504 Sit-in}}

Initially [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]], U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, refused to sign meaningful regulations for [[Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]], which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dredf.org/504-sit-in-20th-anniversary/short-history-of-the-504-sit-in/|title=Short History of the 504 Sit in|work=dredf.org}}</ref> After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the beginning of the [[504 Sit-in]] at the San Francisco Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This sit-in, led by Heumann and organized by [[Kitty Cone]], lasted until May 4, 1977, a total of 28 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest sit-in at a federal building to date. [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.|Joseph Califano]] signed both Education of All Handicapped Children and Section 504 on April 28, 1977.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Diabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1994|isbn=|location=New York|pages=69–70}}</ref><ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|title=Disability History Timeline|year=2002|work=Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management|publisher=[[Temple University]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220065328/http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm|archivedate=2013-12-20|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Berkeley">{{cite web|url=http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/resources/timeline.html|title=The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="disabilityhistory.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann|title=Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities|publisher=|accessdate=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disabilityhistory.org/dwa/edge/curriculum/gov_contenta7.htm|title=EDGE - Curriculum - Biology|work=disabilityhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1w1001mt&brand=oac4&doc.view=entire_text|title=Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977|work=cdlib.org}}</ref><ref name="fof">{{cite web|url=http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EADH0161&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free|title=Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from ''Encyclopedia of American Disability History''|work=Encyclopedia of American Disability History}}</ref> Comedy Central did an episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.

===World Institute on Disability===

Heumann co-founded the World Institute on Disability with [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]] and [[Joan Leon]] in 1983, serving as co-director until 1993.

===Department on Disability Services===

Mayor Fenty, District of Columbia, appointed her as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the [[Rehabilitation Services Administration]].

===Clinton Administration===

Heumann served in the [[Clinton Administration]] as Assistant Secretary of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services at the [[US Department of Education]] from 1993 to 2001.

===World Bank===

From 2002 to 2006 she served as the [[World Bank Group]]'s first Advisor on Disability and Development, leading the World Bank's work on disability and worked to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the Bank discussions with client countries, its country-based analytical work, and support for improving policies, programs, and projects that allow disabled people around the world to live and work in the economic and social mainstream of their communities.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> She was Lead Consultant to the Global Partnership for Disability and Development.
[[File:Judith Heumann face detail, from- Ambassadors Kennedy Greets Sp. Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in Tokyo - Flickr - East Asia and Pacific Media Hub (1) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Judith Heumann, Special Advisor for Disability Rights Heumann in [[Tokyo]] on 4 December 2014|alt=]]

===Special Advisor===
[[File:Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom OLDL 2019.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Judy Heumann and Barbara Ransom at [[TASH (organization)|TASH's]] ''Outstanding Leadership in Disability Law Symposium and Awards Dinner'', George Washington University, July 25, 2019|alt=A photograph of Judy Heumann in her power chair next to Barbara Ransom. They are holding hands and smiling, standing in front of a sponsor banner.]]

In 2010 Heumann became the Special Advisor on Disability Rights for the US State Department appointed by President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dds.dc.gov/dds/cwp/view,a,3,q,496289.asp|title=Judith E. Heumann-Director, DC Department on Disability Services Biography|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref> Judy was the first to hold this role where she served from 2010-2017. On January 20th, 2017 Heumann left her post at the State Department with the change of a new administration. The Special Advisor role has not yet been filled under the Trump Administration. Paralympian [[Ann Cody]] is currently the most senior official working on international disability rights at State.

===Ford Foundation===

From September of 2017 to April of 2019 she was a [https://www.fordfoundation.org/the-latest/news/ford-foundation-names-judy-heumann-senior-fellow/ Senior Fellow] at the [[Ford Foundation]]. There she worked to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work. She also promoted the intentional inclusion of Disability in philanthropy work overall. During her time as a Fellow she produced a paper co-written by Katherine Salinas and Michellie Hess titled [https://www.fordfoundation.org/media/4276/judyheumann_report_2019_final.pdf Roadmap for Inclusion: Changing the Face of Disability in Media] . This paper explores the lack of representation of disabled people in front of, and behind the camera, as well as prominent stereotypes of disabled characters when represented in the media, and concludes with a call to action to increase disabled representation in media.

== Media ==
* {{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}.
* The 2008 documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWcCuVta7M The Power of 504]'' prominently features Heumann.
* She appears in the 2011 documentary ''[[Lives Worth Living]]''.
* She delivered a [https://www.ted.com/talks/judith_heumann_our_fight_for_disability_rights_and_why_we_re_not_done_yet?language=en TED] talk in 2017.<ref> https://commonslibrary.org/ted-talk-our-fight-for-disability-rights/</ref>
* Comedy Central did a 2018 episode of [http://www.cc.com/video-clips/2p86bg/drunk-history-judy-heumann-fights-for-people-with-disabilities Drunk History] on the 504 Sit-in.
* Heumann appeared on [https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/other/improving-disability-representation-both-on-screen-and-off/vp-AACxKoo Bloomberg on 7/6/2019] to discuss representation of disability in the media.
* She is featured in the 2020 documentary ''Crip Camp''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Kohn |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/crip-camp-review-netflix-sundance-1202205370/amp/ |title=‘Crip Camp’ Review: A Stirring Look at the Roots of the Disability Rights Movement in a Hippy Summer Camp – IndieWire |publisher=Indiewire.com |date=2020-01-23 |accessdate=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Education ==
Heumann graduated from [[Long Island University]] in 1969 and gained a Master of Science degree in public health at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1975. She has been awarded six honorary doctorates:

# [[Long Island University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, 1994
# [[University of Toledo]], Ohio, an Honorary Doctorate of Public Service, 2004
# The [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], Honorary Doctorate of Public Administration, 2001
# [[Brooklyn College]], Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/mu/forum/2018/03/27/brooklyn-college-to-award-judy-heumann-honorary-doctorate-at-its-2018-commencement-ceremony/|title=Brooklyn College to Award Judy Heumann Honorary Doctorate at Its 2018 Commencement Ceremony|website=CUNY Newswire|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> 2018
# [[Middlebury College]], Honorary Doctorate of Education, 2019
# [[Rowan University]], Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, 2019

== Awards and recognition ==

* 2019 The [https://lurie.brandeis.edu/ Lurie Institute for Disability Policy] gave an award "The journey to Achieving Equality: Past, Present, and Future of Disability Activism" with gratitude for your leadership and activism in civil rights The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University Waltham, MA March 7, 2019
*2018 Women's Caucus Award given by the National Council on Independent Living
* 2018 [http://disstudies.org/ Society for Disability Studies] President's Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disstudies.org/index.php/awards/presidents-award/|title=President's Award|date=2016-08-29|website=Society for Disability Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26}}</ref> SDS says of their decision to award Judy the President's Award:<blockquote>"SDS confers the President’s Award for artists and activists who embody the goals of the Society, reiterating our commitment to all kinds of work in disability studies. SDS recognizes Judy Heumann for her five-decade career as a disabled activist who has changed the lives of every single disabled person in the United States and across the globe. Her work has shown the vibrancy and strength of the social model of disability and the power and importance of the disability rights movement’s central mantra: 'nothing about us without us.'"</blockquote>
* 2017 U.S. International Council on Disabilities, Dole-Harkin
*2017 [https://www.interaction.org/ InterAction] [https://www.miusa.org/news/2017/inclusionaward Disability Inclusion Award], in recognition of Judy's major impact on disability inclusion in international development.
*In 2014 the Berkeley Rotary Club gave its annual Rotary Peace Grove Award to Heumann and to the late [[Ed Roberts (activist)|Ed Roberts]], another disability rights activist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_26190156/berkeley-disability-activists-receive-peace-award-emotional-ceremony|title=Berkeley disability activists receive peace award in emotional ceremony|date=21 July 2014|publisher=|accessdate=21 February 2018}}</ref>
*Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from [https://www.ncil.org/ National Council on Independent Living] In recognition of a lifetime of dedicated hard work and leadership to advance the [http://www.vcil.org/resources/pas-toolkit/the-independent-living-movement-and-disability-rights Independent Living and Disability Rights Movements] and her commitment to the protection and expansion of the civil and human rights of people with disabilities.
* Champion of Disability Rights Award from the [https://spanadvocacy.org/ SPAN Parent Advocacy Network]. "For lifelong commitment and activism for the human and civil rights of children and adults with disabilities in the United States throughout the world."
* Advocacy Award from ALPHA Disability Section "This award is presented to a person or a consumer-driven organization who has demonstrated excellence in the area of advocacy to improve the health and quality of life for people with disabilities."
* Distinguished Service Award from NARRTC (formerly known as the National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers) "In recognition of important contributions and achievements that have strategically advanced the field of disability through her research, teaching, service, and advocacy on behalf of person with disabilities."
* Judy was the first recipient of the [[Henry B. Betts Award]] from the [[Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago]] (later awarded jointly with the [[American Association of People with Disabilities]])

==Personal==
Heumann is married to Jorge Pineda, and lives in Washington, D.C. Heumann, born in Brooklyn to German-Jewish Immigrants, and is the oldest of three children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement|last=Shapiro|first=Joseph|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=1993|isbn=0812924126|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780812924121/page/56}}</ref> She is the sister of [[Joe Heumann]], a noted film professor and published author. Judy does not view her disability as a tragedy “Disability only becomes a tragedy for me when society fails to provide the things we need to lead our lives- job opportunities or barrier-free buildings, for example.  It is not a tragedy to me that I’m living in a wheelchair<ref name=":1" />”.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Including the Voices of Disabled People in the International Development Agenda'', Thornburgh Family Lecture Series, [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] accessed at [http://www.law.pitt.edu/news/thornburghlecture06.php] July 24, 2006
* Judith E. Heumann, ''Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement: Pioneering Disability Rights Advocate and Leader, 1960s-2000'', oral history, [[Online Archive of California]], 2004, retrieved from [http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb9v19p0k9] July 24, 2006
* Ilene Zeitzer interview with Judy Heumann. Originally published in, "Change from Within: International Overview of the Impact of Disabled Politicians and Disability Policy Bodies on Governance". retrieved from [http://www.rollingrains.com/archives/000513.html] April 29, 2009

==External links==
*[http://www.disabilityhistory.org/people.html#heumann Disability Social History Project] Bio details
*[https://wid.org/resources/wids-founders/ Bio details on World Institute on Disability website]
*{{C-SPAN|Judith Heumann}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services|Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services]]|years=1993–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Pasternack]]}}
|-
{{s-dip}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=Special Advisor for [[Disability rights movement|International Disability Rights]]|years=2010–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heumann, Judith}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:Disability rights activists from the United States]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Long Island University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health alumni]]
[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States Department of Education officials]]
[[Category:Clinton administration personnel]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]

The King’s Man: The Beginning

2019-08-06T17:30:47Z

JDDJS: /* Premise */

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{about|the upcoming film|the novel|King's Man}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The King's Man
| image = File:The King's Man.jpg
| italic title = yes
| alt =
| caption = Teaser poster
| director = [[Matthew Vaughn]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Matthew Vaughn
* David Reid
* Adam Bohling
}}
| writer = [[Karl Gajdusek]]
| based on = {{based on|''[[Kingsman (franchise)|Kingsman]]''|[[Mark Millar]]|[[Dave Gibbons]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ralph Fiennes]]
* [[Gemma Arterton]]
* [[Rhys Ifans]]
* [[Matthew Goode]]
* [[Tom Hollander]]
* [[Harris Dickinson]]
* [[Daniel Brühl]]
* [[Djimon Hounsou]]
* [[Charles Dance]]
* [[Liam Neeson]]
}}
| music = [[Henry Jackman]]
| cinematography = [[Ben Davis (cinematographer)|Ben Davis]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hnentertainment.co/exclusive-captain-marvel-layer-cake-cinematographer-ben-davis-joins-matthew-vaughns-kingsman-the-great-game/ |title=‘Captain Marvel/Layer Cake’ Cinematographer Ben Davis Confirmed For Matthew Vaughn’s ‘Kingsman: The Great Game’ |website=HN Entertainment |first=Christopher |last=Marc |date=January 16, 2019 |accessdate=January 16, 2019}}</ref>
| editing = [[Jon Harris (director)|Jon Harris]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[20th Century Fox]]
* [[Marv Films|Marv Studios]]<ref name="Empire-Magazine"/>
* [[TSG Entertainment]]
}}
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2020|02|14}}
| country = {{Plainlist|
* United Kingdom
* United States
}}
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''The King’s Man''''' is an upcoming [[period film|period]] [[action film|action]] [[spy film]] directed and produced by [[Matthew Vaughn]], and written by [[Karl Gajdusek]]. It is a prequel to the [[Kingsman (franchise)|''Kingsman'' film series]], which is loosely based on the [[comic book]] series ''[[Kingsman (franchise)#Comic series|Kingsman]]'', created by [[Dave Gibbons]] and [[Mark Millar]]. The film features an ensemble cast that includes [[Ralph Fiennes]], [[Gemma Arterton]], [[Rhys Ifans]], [[Matthew Goode]], [[Tom Hollander]], [[Harris Dickinson]], [[Daniel Brühl]], [[Djimon Hounsou]], [[Liam Neeson]] and [[Charles Dance]]. The film will be released on February 14, 2020.

== Premise ==
As a collection of history's worst tyrants and criminal masterminds gather to plot a war to wipe out millions, one man and his protégé must race against time to stop them.

==Cast==
{{main|List of Kingsman characters}}
{{cast listing|
* [[Ralph Fiennes]] as [[Arthur Asquith]]
* [[Gemma Arterton]] as [[Mata Hari]]
* [[Rhys Ifans]] as [[Grigori Rasputin]]
* [[Matthew Goode]] as Tristan
* [[Tom Hollander]] as [[George V]] / [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] / [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]]
* [[Harris Dickinson]] as Conrad
* [[Daniel Brühl]] as [[Erik Jan Hanussen]]
* [[Djimon Hounsou]] as Shola
* [[Charles Dance]] as [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|"Arthur" / Haig]]
* [[Aaron Taylor-Johnson]] as Lee Unwin
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Merlin
* [[Alison Steadman]] as Guinevere
* [[Robert Aramayo]] as [[Gavrilo Princip]]
* [[Alexandra Maria Lara]] as [[Alexandra Feodorovna]]
* [[Joel Basman]] as Gawain
* [[Neil Jackson]] as Max Morton
* [[Liam Neeson]] as [[Herbert Kitchener]]
}}

== Production ==
In June 2018, [[Matthew Vaughn]] announced that a prequel film titled ''Kingsman: The Great Game'' was in active development, stating that the plot would take place during the early-1900s and would depict the formation of the spy agency and that the project would film back-to-back with "the third regular ''Kingsman'' film".<ref name="Empire-Magazine">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/kick-ass-reboot-kingsman-universe-coming-matthew-vaughn-new-studio-exclusive/ |title=Kick-Ass Reboot and Kingsman Universe Coming from Matthew Vaughn’s New Studio |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |last1=Travis |first1=Ben |last2=Hewitt |first2=Chris |date=June 8, 2018 |accessdate=December 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name="That-Hastag-Show">{{cite web |url=http://thathashtagshow.com/2018/08/exclusive-details-on-kingsman-3/ |title=EXCLUSIVE: Details on ‘KINGSMAN 3’ |website=That Hashtag Show |last=Murphy |first=Charles |date=August 9, 2018 |accessdate=December 2, 2018}}</ref>

In September 2018, it was announced that [[Ralph Fiennes]] and [[Harris Dickinson]] would star in the prequel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/BazBam/status/1045446792127680513 |title=Exclusive: #RalphFiennes & ⁦@HarrisDickinson⁩ to star in #Kingsman:Untitled prequel set during WW1. |author=[[Baz Bamigboye|Bamigboye, Baz]] |publisher=[[Twitter]] |date=28 September 2018 |accessdate=2 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marc |first1=Christopher |title=WWI Era Prequel Movie 'Kingsman: The Great Game' Will Reportedly Star Ralph Fiennes and Harris Dickinson - GWW |url=https://thegww.com/wwi-era-prequel-movie-kingsman-the-great-game-will-reportedly-star-ralph-fiennes-and-harris-dickinson/ |accessdate=2 December 2018 |work=thegww.com |date=28 September 2018}}</ref> In November 2018, it was revealed that [[Daniel Brühl]], [[Charles Dance]], [[Rhys Ifans]] and [[Matthew Goode]] would co-star in the film.<ref name="Nov2018Collider">{{cite news |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeffrey |title=Exclusive: 'Game of Thrones' Star Joins 'Kingsman' Prequel; Rhys Ifans in Talks |url=http://collider.com/kingsman-prequel-rhys-ifans-daniel-bruhl-charles-dance/#images |accessdate=2 December 2018 |work=Collider |date=29 November 2018}}</ref>

In February 2019, it was reported that [[Aaron Taylor-Johnson]], [[Gemma Arterton]], [[Tom Hollander]], [[Djimon Hounsou]], [[Alison Steadman]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Robert Aramayo]] and [[Neil Jackson]] had joined the cast as filming commenced at [[Longcross Studios]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[http://collider.com/kingsman-prequel-cast-aaron-taylor-johnson/ ‘Kingsman’ Prequel: Matthew Vaughn Recruits ‘Kick-Ass’ Star Aaron Taylor-Johnson]</ref><ref>[https://deadline.com/2019/02/kingsman-aaron-taylor-johnson-gemma-arterton-matthew-goode-ralph-fiennes-harris-dickinson-charles-dance-fox-marv-1202551837/ ‘Kingsman’ Prequel: Harris Dickinson, Gemma Arterton, Ralph Fiennes, Aaron Taylor-Johnson Among Confirmed Cast]</ref><ref>[https://deadline.com/2019/02/stargirl-geoff-johns-amy-smart-neil-jackson-hunter-sansone-trae-romano-1202562559/ ‘Stargirl’ Final Four: Amy Smart, Three Others Round Out DC Series Cast]</ref> In April 2019, it was announced [[Alexandra Maria Lara]] had joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hnentertainment.co/exclusive-rush-control-actress-alexandra-maria-lara-joins-the-cast-of-matthew-vaughns-kingsman-the-great-game/|title=EXCLUSIVE: ‘Rush/Control’ Actress Alexandra Maria Lara Joins The Cast of Matthew Vaughn’s ‘Kingsman: The Great Game’|website=HN Entertainment|first=Christopher|last=Marc|date=April 29, 2019|accessdate=April 29, 2019}}</ref> Later In May, [[Joel Basman]] joined the cast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hnentertainment.co/exclusive-hanna-papillon-actor-joel-basman-is-another-addition-to-the-cast-of-matthew-vaughns-kingsman-the-great-game/|title=EXCLUSIVE: ‘Hanna/Papillon’ Actor Joel Basman Is Another Addition To The Cast of Matthew Vaughn’s ‘Kingsman: The Great Game’|website=HN Entertainment|first=Christopher|last=Marc|date=May 1, 2019|accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/05/kingsman-3-eggsy-harry-matthew-vaughn-1202622761/|title=‘Kingsman 3’ Will Wrap The Eggsy/Harry Relationship, Says Director Matthew Vaughn|website=HN Entertainment|first=Bruce|last=Haring|date=May 26, 2019|accessdate=May 28, 2019}}</ref> That same month, as filming concluded, Vaughn denied reports that [[Liam Neeson]] had joined the cast.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schiller|first=Griffin|url=https://theplaylist.net/liam-neeson-no-kingsman-20190530/|title=''Kingsman'': Matthew Vaughn Denies Liam Neeson’s Involvement; Next Film Won’t Be Called ''The Great Game'' [Exclusive]|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Playlist|accessdate=June 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Marc|first=Christopher|url=https://hnentertainment.co/matthew-vaughn-says-kingsman-3-aiming-for-2021-release-date-and-there-could-be-two-more-movies-coming-debunks-report-that-liam-neeson-is-in-kingsman-the-great-game/|title=Matthew Vaughn Says ''Kingsman 3'' Aiming For 2021 Release Date and There Could Be Two More Movies Coming – Debunks Report That Liam Neeson Is In ''Kingsman: The Great Game''|date=May 31, 2019|work=HN Entertainment|accessdate=June 16, 2019}}</ref> Vaughn also claimed the film would not be titled ''The Great Game''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schiller|first=Griffin|url=https://theplaylist.net/liam-neeson-no-kingsman-20190530/|title=''Kingsman'': Matthew Vaughn Denies Liam Neeson’s Involvement; Next Film Won’t Be Called ''The Great Game'' [Exclusive]|date=May 30, 2019|work=The Playlist|accessdate=June 16, 2019}}</ref>

In April 2019 some scenes were shot in [[Turin]] and [[Venaria Reale]] ([[Italy]]), transformed into [[Yugoslavia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fctp.it/news_detail.php?id=3411 |title=Al via a Torino le riprese del film che racconta le “origini” dei Kingsman |publisher=Film Commission Torino Piemonte |date=April 24, 2019 |accessdate=July 2, 2019}}</ref>

==Marketing==
The first teaser trailer of ''The King's Man'' was released on July 15, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://screenrant.com/kings-man-movie-2020-trailer/ |title=The King's Man Trailer & Poster Tease the Origins of the Kingsman |first=Sandy |last=Schaefer |website=[[Screen Rant]] |date=July 15, 2019 |accessdate=July 15, 2019}}</ref>

==Release==
''The King’s Man'' is scheduled to be released in the United States on February 14, 2020, by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]].<ref name=ew>{{cite magazine |last1=Jones |first1=Marcus |title=The 'Kingsman' prequel is now known as 'The King's Man' |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/06/19/kingsman-prequel-title-kings-man/ |accessdate=June 20, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |publisher=[[Meredith Corporation]] |date=June 19, 2019 }}</ref> It was originally scheduled to be released on November 15, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/kingsman-prequel-moves-feb-2020-free-fall-lands-summer-release-1189367|title='Kingsman' Prequel Moves to Next February, Ryan Reynolds' 'Free Guy' Lands Summer 2020 Release|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Pamela|last=McClintock|date=February 23, 2019|accessdate=February 23, 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8532490}}

{{Kingsman}}
{{Matthew Vaughn}}
{{Mark Millar}}
{{Marvel Comics films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:King's Man, The}}
[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:2020s prequel films]]
[[Category:2020s spy films]]
[[Category:2020s war films]]
[[Category:American action comedy films]]
[[Category:American spy films]]
[[Category:Upcoming films]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mata Hari]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:Film spin-offs]]
[[Category:Films based on American comics]]
[[Category:Films directed by Matthew Vaughn]]
[[Category:Films produced by Matthew Vaughn]]
[[Category:Films scored by Henry Jackman]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films set in Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Italy]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Surrey]]
[[Category:Kingsman (franchise) films]]
[[Category:Live-action films based on comics]]
[[Category:Prequel films]]
[[Category:World War I films]]

Saweetie

2019-07-18T01:49:41Z

JDDJS: - 5 categories using HotCat Just Filipino descent and removed redundant cars

{{short description|American rapper from California}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saweetie
| image = Saweetie in a car (cropped).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Saweetie in 2018
| birth_name = Diamonté Harper
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|7|2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/Saweetie/status/1012155937300230145?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet|title=Twitter|website=mobile.twitter.com|access-date=2018-06-28}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Santa Clara, California]], U.S.
| residence = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[University of Southern California]]
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Rapper
* singer
}}
| website = {{URL|http://saweetieofficial.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
| years_active = 2017–present
| label = {{flatlist|
* Icy
* [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]
* Artistry
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
*[[MC Hammer]]
*[[Quavo]]
}}}}
}}
'''Diamonté Harper''' (born July 2, 1993), known professionally as '''Saweetie''', is an American rapper, singer and songwriter. After the release of her debut single, "Icy Grl", she was signed to [[Warner Bros. Records]] in partnership with Artistry Worldwide. She released her debut extended play, ''[[High Maintenance (Saweetie EP)|High Maintenance]],'' on March 16, 2018.

== Early life and education ==
Saweetie was born Diamonté Harper<ref name="TIDAL">{{cite web|last=Platon|first=Adelle|title=TIDAL Rising Artist of the Week: Saweetie|url=http://read.tidal.com/article/tidal-rising-artist-of-the-week-saweetie|publisher=[[Tidal (service)|Tidal]]|date=January 22, 2018|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> on July 2, 1993, to a [[Chinese Filipino|Filipino-Chinese]] mother and an [[African Americans|African-American]] father.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://statusmagonline.com/2018-tunesday-saweetie/|title=TUNESDAY: Icy Cool Facts About Saweetie, Femme MC On the Rise|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=19 Facts You Need To Know About 'ICY GRL' Rapper Saweetie|url=http://www.capitalxtra.com/features/facts/facts-about-saweetie/real-name/|publisher=[[Capital XTRA]]|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>Saweetie tells that her mother is of a [[Filipinos|Filipino]] descent in her freestyle rap, "High Maintenance".</ref> She grew up largely in [[Hayward, California|Hayward]], [[California]] and spent much of her life in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] but finished high school in [[Natomas, California|Elk Grove]], California attending [[Monterey Trail High School]]<ref name="VIBE-I">{{cite web|last=Fresh|first=Mikey|title=Interview: Saweetie Turned Her "Icy Girl" Video Into A Career Springboard|url=https://www.vibe.com/2017/11/interview-saweetie-icy-girl-video/|website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]|date=November 8, 2017|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="HIPHOPDX">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Marcel|title=Bay Area MC Saweetie Talks "Icy Grl" & Social Media Fame|url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.45182/title.bay-area-mc-saweetie-talks-icy-grl-social-media-fame#|publisher=[[HipHopDX]]|date=November 13, 2017|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="XXL">{{cite web|last=C.M.|first=Emmanuel|title=The Break Presents: Saweetie|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/12/saweetie-interview-the-break/|website=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]|date=December 1, 2017|accessdate=March 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Diamonte |title=Monterey Trail High School Varsity Volleyball |url=http://www.maxpreps.com/athlete/diamonte-harper/pQ7SmfTlEeKZ5AAmVebBJg/default.htm}}</ref> She began writing music at age 14. After high school, she went on to attend [[San Diego State University]] before transferring to the [[University of Southern California]] where she studied communications and business. After graduating, she began to focus on her rap career.<ref name="BILLBOARD">{{cite web|last=Lyle|first=Ashley|title=Rising MC Saweetie Talks Viral Hit 'Icy Grl,' Signing With Warner Bros. Records & the Value of Education|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8099115/saweetie-interview-icy-grl-warner-bros-deal|website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=February 14, 2018|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="HUFFPOST">{{cite web|last=Aynalem|first=Tali|title=If You Haven’t Heard These Songs, You’re Sleeping|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/if-you-havent-heard-these-songs-youre-sleeping_us_5a128361e4b023121e0e9479|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=November 26, 2017|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="XXL" />

== Career ==
Saweetie began posting short raps on her [[Instagram]] account in 2016. One video featured her rapping over the beat from [[Khia]]'s classic "[[My Neck, My Back (Lick It)]]", which would eventually turn into "Icy Grl".<ref name="VIBE-I" /><ref name="XXL" /> She first released the song on her [[SoundCloud]] in the summer of 2017 and later released a music video for it in October of the same year.<ref name="VIBE-II">{{cite web|last=Fresh|first=Mikey|title=Saweetie Is "High Maintenance" And She’s An "Icy Girl"|url=https://www.vibe.com/2017/10/saweetie-icy-girl-high-maintenance/|website=Vibe|date=October 17, 2017|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="XXL" /> The visual, which went viral on the Internet, would go on to accrue sixty-four million views on [[YouTube]] as of December 2018.<ref name="BILLBOARD" /><ref name="XXL" />

To follow that up, Saweetie released in that same month a freestyle rap called "High Maintenance" accompanied by a short clip of herself rapping a verse to the song, all while chilling in her kitchen. It would go viral on Instagram and [[Twitter]] as well.<ref name="VIBE-II" /><ref name="XXL" /> In October 2017, she released a video for her song, "Focus", which samples [[DRAM (rapper)|DRAM]]'s "Gilligan".<ref name="XXL-II">{{cite web|last=Pile|first=Tatiana|title=Saweetie Doesn’t Let Anything Distract Her in "Focus" Video|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/12/saweetie-focus-video/|website=XXL|date=December 21, 2017|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref>

In January 2018, she was named [[Tidal (service)|Tidal]]'s Artist of the Week<ref name="TIDAL" /> and one of ''[[Pigeons & Planes]]''{{'}} Best New Artists of the Month.<ref name="P&P">{{cite web|last1=Odedina|first1=Michelle|last2=Corrigan|first2=Graham|last3=Moore|first3=Jacob|last4=Gardner|first4=Alex|title=Best New Artists of the Month|url=http://pigeonsandplanes.com/music/2018/01/best-new-artists-january-2018/saweetie|website=Pigeons & Planes|date=January 31, 2018|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> During [[Super Bowl LII]] in February 2018, she was featured in an ad for [[Rihanna]]'s cosmetic company, Fenty Beauty.<ref name="HNHH">{{cite web|last=Goddard|first=Kevin|title=Rihanna Shares New Fenty Beauty Super Bowl Ad Starring Saweetie|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/rihanna-shares-new-fenty-beauty-super-bowl-ad-starring-saweetie-news.43293.html|publisher=HotNewHip Hop|date=February 2, 2018|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> That month, she signed to [[Warner Bros. Records]] in partnership with Artistry Worldwide and her own label, Icy Records.<ref name="BILLBOARD" /><ref name="LAT">{{cite news | last=Kennedy| first=Gerrick D.| title =Rising rapper Saweetie is one to watch this year| newspaper =Los Angeles Times| publisher =| date =April 10, 2018 | url =http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-saweetie-20180410-story.html| accessdate =June 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="RU">{{cite news | last=| first=| title =Saweetie Signs With Warner Bros. Records| publisher =Rap-Up| date =February 14, 2018 | url =http://www.rap-up.com/2018/02/14/saweetie-signs-with-warner-bros-records/| accessdate =June 28, 2018}}</ref>

{{Quote|text=''I do a lot of covers but this is the first time I'm actually doing original content. I leave the studio and I come home wanting to listen to really myself.''|source=Saweetie for ''[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]'' in October 2017.<ref name="XXL" />}}

Saweetie released her major label debut, [[High Maintenance (Saweetie EP)|High Maintenance]], on March 16, 2018. It is composed of nine tracks and was produced by CashMoneyAP, Nyrell, and Saweetie's cousin, [[Zaytoven]].<ref name="XXL-III">{{cite web|last=India|first=Lindsey|title=Saweetie Shares ‘High Maintenance’ EP Tracklist and Release Date|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2018/03/saweetie-high-maintenance-ep-tracklist-release-date/|website=XXL|date=March 7, 2018|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="VIBE-III">{{cite web|last=Fresh|first=Mikey|title=Premiere: Saweetie Reveals Tracklist For Debut EP ‘High Maintenance’|url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/03/saweetie-high-maintenance-ep-tracklist/|website=Vibe|date=March 5, 2018|accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Saponara|first=Michael|title=Stream Saweetie's Debut Project 'High Maintenance': Listen|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8248776/saweetie-high-maintenance-stream|website=Billboard|date=March 16, 2018|accessdate=March 19, 2018}}</ref> The single, "Icy Girl" was certified [[RIAA certification|Gold]] in June 2018, for sales of 500,000 in the US.<ref>[https://www.maybachmedia.com/news/saweeties-icy-grl-has-made-gold-certification/]{{deadlink|date=June 2019}}</ref> "Icy Grl" quickly became well-known and thus Saweetie gained a lot of fame. Saweetie released her second major label EP, “Icy”, on March 29, 2019.

==Personal life==
Saweetie was reportedly dating actor [[Keith Powers]] around 2014 shortly before things ended between the two and moving onto [[Justin Combs]]. Saweetie was reported dating rapper colleague [[Quavo]] since mid-2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/news/2019/01/quavo-saweetie-75000-dollars-snowflake-chain/|title=Quavo Cops Saweetie a $75,000 Chain - XXL|first=Marisa|last=Mendez|website=XXL Mag}}</ref>

== Discography ==
=== Extended plays ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ List of extended plays, with selected details and chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em"| Details
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Peak chart positions
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|US R&B/HH Sales]] <ref name="HMSales">Peak positions in R&B/Hip-Hop Album Sales:
* "High Maintenance": {{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2018-03-31/randb-hip-hop-album-sales|title=R&B/Hip-Hop Album Sales : March 31, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}} {{subscription}}
* "Icy": {{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/node/8506280|title=R&B/Hip-Hop Album Sales : April 13, 2019|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=April 18, 2019}} {{subscription}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Top Heatseekers|US Heat]] <ref name="HMHeat">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2018-03-31/heatseekers|title=Heatseeker Albums : March 31, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}} {{subscription}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[High Maintenance (Saweetie EP)|High Maintenance]]''
|
* Released: March 16, 2018 (US)
* Label: Icy, Artistry/[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]<ref name="BILLBOARD" /><ref name="LAT"/>
* Formats: [[Music download|Digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| 32 || 20
|-
! scope="row"| ''Icy''
|
* Released: March 29, 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/icy/1457084713|title=ICY by Saweetie|website=[[Apple Music]]|accessdate=March 29, 2019}}</ref>
* Label: Icy, Artistry/Warner Bros.
* Formats: Digital download, streaming
| 50 || —
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ List of singles showing year released, chart positions and album name
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:24em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peaks
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:9em;"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:15em;"| Album
|-
! style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] <ref>https://twitter.com/billboardcharts/status/1150838317744840707</ref>
! style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B]] <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/charts/r-b-hip-hop-songs HOT R&B/HIP-HOP SONGS]</ref>
! style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US Rap]] <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/charts/rap-song RAP SONGS]</ref>
! style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Rhythmic (chart)|US Rhy.]] <ref>Peak positions for Saweetie releases in US Rhythmic:
 
* "Icy Grl": {{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/rhythmic-40/2018-05-19|title=Rhythmic Songs: May 19, 2018|work=Billboard|accessdate=May 15, 2018}}
* "Up Now": {{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/rhythmic-40/2018-11-10|title=Rhythmic Songs: November 10, 2018|work=Billboard|accessdate=November 6, 2018}}
* "My Type": {{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/rhythmic-40/2019-07-20|title=Rhythmic Songs: July 20, 2019|work=Billboard|accessdate=July 16, 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Icy Grl"
| 2017
| —{{efn-ua|"Icy Grl" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number six on the [[Bubbling Under Hot 100]] chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2018-04-14/bubbling-under-hot-100-singles|title=Bubbling Under Hot 100: April 14, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018|url-access=subscription}}</ref>}} || — || — || 16
|
* [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Gold<ref name="RIAA">{{cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=Saweetie#search_section|title=Gold & Platinum - RIAA|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=April 7, 2019}}</ref>
| ''High Maintenance''
|-
! scope="row"| "Up Now" {{small|(with [[London on da Track]] featuring [[G-Eazy]] and [[Rich the Kid]])}}
| rowspan="2"| 2018
| — || — || — || 16
|
| rowspan="2" {{N/A|Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row"| "Pissed"
| — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[My Type (Saweetie song)|My Type]]"
| 2019
| 67 || 27 || 23 || 19
|
| ''Icy''
|}

'''Notes'''
{{notelist-ua}}

=== Guest appearances ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of guest appearances as featured artist, with the respective artists and albums
|-
! scope="col" style="width:14em;"| Title
! scope="col" style="width:1em;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:18em;"| Other artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:13em;"| Album
|-
! scope="row"| "Expensive"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/expensive/1318084919?i=1318085467|title=Zaytown Sorority, Vol. 2 by Zaytoven on Apple Music|publisher=[[Apple Music]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
| 2017
| [[Zaytoven]]
| ''Zaytown Sorority, Vol. 2''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[IDGAF (Dua Lipa song)|IDGAF]]" (Remix)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2018/05/05/new-music-dua-lipa-saweetie-idgaf-remix/|title=New Music: Dua Lipa feat. Saweetie - 'IDGAF (Remix)'|via=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
| rowspan="8"| 2018
| [[Dua Lipa]]
| ''IDGAF (Remixes II)''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[2002 (song)|2002]]" (Remix)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AnneMarie/status/1035544508832743424|title=Anne Marie on Twitter|publisher=[[Twitter]]|date=August 31, 2018|accessdate=September 2, 2018}}</ref>
| [[Anne-Marie (singer)|Anne-Marie]], Ms. Banks
| ''2002 (Remix EP)''
|-
! scope="row"| "I'm That Bitch"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8471833/david-guetta-announces-7-album-track-list|title=David Guetta Announces '7' LP Featuring Justin Bieber, Nicki Minaj and More|work=Billboard|last=Bein|first=Kat|date=August 23, 2018|accessdate=August 24, 2018}}</ref>
| [[David Guetta]]
| ''7''
|-
! scope="row"| "Give It to Em"
| [[Quavo]]
| ''[[Quavo Huncho]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Stupid Things"
| [[Four of Diamonds (group)|Four of Diamonds]]
| {{N/A|Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row"| "Patience"
| [[Riri (Japanese singer)|RIRI]]
| ''NEO''
|-
! scope="row"| "You Come First"
| [[Zak Abel]]
| rowspan=2 {{N/A|Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row"| "Body"
| [[Glowie]]
|-
! scope="row"| "Yuso"
| rowspan="4"| 2019
| [[Kid Ink]], [[Lil Wayne]]
| ''Missed Calls''
|-
! scope="row"| "Can't Do It"
| [[Loren Gray]]
| {{N/A|Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row"| "I Can't Stop Me"
| [[Sabrina Carpenter]]
| ''[[Singular: Act II]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Too Much Shaft"
| Quavo
| ''[[Shaft (2019 film)|Shaft]]''
|-
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of music videos, with selected details
! scope="col" style="width:15em;"| Title
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Director(s)
|-
! scope="row"| "Icy Grl"
| rowspan="2"| 2017
| Bana Bongolan & Soben Phy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wji4b2jjYOk|title=SAWEETIE - ICY GRL (Official Music Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Focus"
| Adam Small & Aramis Duran<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wASFCad7aPQ|title=SAWEETIE - FOCUS (Official Music Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Anti"
| rowspan="9"| 2018
| Bana Bongolan & Soben Phy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_KrEFaZ_Pk|title=Saweetie - "ANTI" (Official Music Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "B.A.N." {{small|([[Vertical video|Vertical Video]])}}
| rowspan="2"| Stephen Garnett<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_Rfr-XNo9Q|title=Saweetie - B.A.N. (Official Vertical Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8m2uosFEjY4|title=Saweetie - ICY GRL (feat. Kehlani) [Bae Mix] (Official Music Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Icy Grl (Bae Mix)" {{small|(featuring [[Kehlani]])}}
|-
! scope="row"| "B.A.N."
| Sasha Samsonova<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCT0EI2itmc|title=Saweetie - B.A.N. (Official Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Good Good"
| Bana Bongolan & Soben Phy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5B_tT5ld9E|title=Saweetie - Good Good (Official Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=July 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Up Now" {{small|(with London on da Track featuring G-Eazy and Rich the Kid)}}
| Mike Ho<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2018/08/30/video-saweetie-london-on-da-track-g-eazy-rich-the-kid-up-now/|title=Video: Saweetie x London On Da Track feat. G-Eazy & Rich the Kid - 'Up Now'|work=[[Rap-Up]]|date=August 30, 2018|accessdate=September 2, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Stupid Things" {{small|(Four of Diamonds featuring Saweetie)}}
| Unknown
|-
! scope="row"| "Pissed" {{small|([[Lyric video]])}}
| Unknown
|-
! scope="row"| "Pissed"
| Christian Sutton
|-
! scope="row"| "You Come First" {{small|(Zak Abel featuring Saweetie)}}
| rowspan="4"| 2019
| Roxana Baldovin
|-
! scope="row"| "Yuso" {{small|(Kid Ink featuring Lil Wayne and Saweetie)}}
| Mike Ho
|-
! scope="row"| "Emotional" {{small|(featuring Quavo)}}
| Christian Sesma
|-
! scope="row"| "My Type" {{small|(Claws Remix)}}
| Unknown<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Saweetie-TNTs-CLAWS-Team-Up-For-MY-TYPE-Remix-20190603|title=Saweetie & TNT's CLAWS Team Up For MY TYPE Remix|work=Broadwayworld.com|date=June 3, 2019|accessdate=June 21, 2019}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://saweetieofficial.com}}
* {{URL|https://soundcloud.com/saweetie|Saweetie}} on [[SoundCloud]]
* {{Instagram |Saweetie}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American rappers]]
[[Category:21st-century women musicians]]
[[Category:African-American female rappers]]
[[Category:American hip hop musicians]]
[[Category:American people of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:American rappers of Filipino descent]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hayward, California]]
[[Category:Rappers from the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:San Diego State University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Southern California alumni]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Records artists]]
[[Category:West Coast hip hop musicians]]

Angus Imrie

2019-02-14T23:34:07Z

JDDJS: /* Theatre at LAMDA (2015–2017) */

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Angus Imrie
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Angus William Jake Imrie
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1994|08|02}}
| birth_place = [[Isle of Wight]], England
| residence = London, England
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| parents = [[Celia Imrie]] [[Benjamin Whitrow]]
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}
|known_for = {{hlist|''[[The Archers]]'' (2014–present)|''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]'' (2013)|''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'' (2012)|''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' (2012)|''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' (2007)}}
|education = {{hlist|[[Dulwich College]]}}
|alma mater = [[University of Warwick]] [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
|employer =
|occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1999–present
| website = {{url|twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
}}
'''Angus William Jake Imrie''' (born 2 August 1994) is a British actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the character Josh Archer, in [[BBC Radio 4]]'s long-running drama serial ''[[The Archers]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer|title=The Archers – Josh Archer|work=[[BBC Radio 4]]|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> In 2014, he won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]''.<ref name=NSDF>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/awards/awards-2014|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Spotlight Most Promising Actor Award|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|year=2014|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> The son of the actors [[Celia Imrie]] and [[Benjamin Whitrow]], he made his screen debut in the [[BBC]] film drama ''[[Station Jim]]'', at the age of five.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

==Early life==
Imrie was born in 1994 on the [[Isle of Wight]], and is the son of actors [[Celia Imrie]] and [[Benjamin Whitrow]].<ref name=TheScotsman>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/celebrity/interview-actress-celia-imrie-on-her-40-years-on-showbusiness-1-4044556|title=Interview: Actress Celia Imrie on her 40 years in showbusiness|work=[[The Scotsman]] newspaper|date=5 March 2016|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

===Education===

Between the years 2001–2012,<ref name=Dulwich>{{cite web|url=http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|title=Dulwich College – Old Alleynians – Angus Imrie Joins The Archers|work=[[Dulwich College]], London|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=15 February 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215203629/http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|archivedate=15 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Imrie was educated at [[Dulwich College]],<ref name=Dulwich/> a boarding and day [[independent school]] for boys in the south London suburb of [[Dulwich]], followed by the [[University of Warwick]], where he studied English Literature and Theatre Studies.<ref name=LAMDA>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/ian-davies-foundation-degree-professional-acting-first-year-student|title=LAMDA – Angus Imrie|work=London Academy of Music & Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> From 2015 to 2017, he studied at LAMDA (the [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]) in London,<ref name=LAMDA/> the oldest drama school in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/about-lamda/history-and-background|title=LAMDA – History and Background|work=London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Imrie has appeared in a range of stage, television and radio productions since he was a child. After his screen debut in the [[BBC One]] film drama ''Station Jim'' at the age of five, he appeared in the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] drama series ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' in 2007, and the BBC One mini-series ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' in 2012. In the same year, he appeared in the [[BBC Two]] drama series ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'', whilst in the following year, he appeared in the BBC One series ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''. Prior to attending LAMDA (2015–2017), he appeared at [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in London, playing Bagot in [[William Shakespeare]]'s play [[Richard II (play)|Richard II]] (1595) and Ned Spiggett in [[Jessica Swale]]'s play ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015).<ref name=LAMDA/> He has also appeared in a range of radio productions, including ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]'', [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Great Expectations]]'' and [[John Mortimer]]'s ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''.<ref name=CDA>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdalondon.com/os/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/angusimrie.pdf|title=CDA Angus Imrie|work=CDA Theatrical Agency|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2014, Imrie joined the cast of the long-running BBC Radio 4 series ''The Archers'', based on a rural farming community in the mythical village of Ambridge, to take the role of Josh Archer previously played by child actor Cian Cheesbrough,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |title=The Archers – Josh Archer |work=BBC Radio 4 |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=16 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627030007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |archivedate=27 June 2014 }}</ref> the teenage son of David and Ruth and one of the main members of the Archer family.<ref name=Dulwich/> In the same year, he played the part of cabin boy Pip in ''The White Whale'' at [[Leeds Dock]], in which he sang ''[[Amazing Grace]]'' from the top of the set after having fallen into the water.<ref name=WhiteWhale>{{cite web|url=http://www.wow247.co.uk/2014/09/05/the-white-whale-theatre-review-87547|title=The White Whale at Leeds Dock – Theatre Review|work=Wow247|author=Pippa Day|date=5 September 2014|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2019, Imrie co-starred in the [[Joe Cornish]]–directed ''[[The Kid Who Would Be King]]'' as the young [[Merlin]], with [[Patrick Stewart]] portraying Merlin's older self.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/celebs-tv/patrick-stewart-cast-filming-cornwall-642618|title=Cast of major movie starring Sir Patrick Stewart pictured filming|first=Shannon|last=Hards|date=17 October 2017|website=Cornwall Live}}</ref>

==Credits==
Imrie has appeared in a number of productions.<ref name="CDA" />

[[File:The Globe Theatre, Panorama Innenraum, London.jpg|thumb|upright=4|centre|Panoramic view of the interior of Shakespeare's Globe in London, at which Angus Imrie played roles in two major productions.]]

===Theatre===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Director
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Notes
|-
| ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''
| Bagot
| [[Shakespeare's Globe]]
| [[Simon Godwin]]
| Part of the Globe's "Justice and Mercy" season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this Shakespeare play is believed to have been written in around 1595<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/richardii/summary.html|title=Richard II – William Shakespeare|publisher=SparkNotes.com|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]''
| Ned Spigett
| Shakespeare's Globe
| Christopher Luscombe
| Part of the Globe's "Justice and Mercy" season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this story by playwright [[Jessica Swale]] won the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best New Comedy in 2016, when it transferred to London's [[West End of London|West End]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olivierawards.com/video/view/item358987/best-new-comedy-nell-gwynn/|title=OLIVIER AWARDS – BEST NEW COMEDY: NELL GWYNN|work=The Olivier Awards|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''The White Whale''
| Pip
| [[Leeds Dock]]
| Alan Lane
| Open-air staging of an adaptation of [[Herman Melville]]'s ''[[Moby Dick]]'', written by the award-winning playwright [[James Phillips (playwright)|James Phillips]]<ref name=WhiteWhale/>
|-
| ''[[Road (play)|Road]]''
| Multiple parts: Brink/Skin-Lad, Blowpipe, Soldier, Father's voice and Barry
| [[Warwick Arts Centre]] at the [[University of Warwick]]
| Ali Pidsley
| A Warwick University Drama Society production,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/productions/road|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Road|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> staged in 2014, of [[Jim Cartwright]]'s multiple award-winning play,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |title=Literature – Writers – Jim Cartwright |work=[[British Council]] |accessdate=19 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609113454/http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |archivedate=9 June 2012 }}</ref> first staged in 1986 at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] in London. It is set in an anonymous road in a deprived, working class area of [[Lancashire]] during the [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] era, at a time of high unemployment in Northern England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.newtheatre.org.uk/years/14_15/road/|title=The Nottingham New Theatre History Project – Road|work=Nottingham New Theatre|year=2015|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> Imrie won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' for his roles in the play at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]'' in 2014.<ref name=NSDF/>
|}

====Theatre at LAMDA (2015–2017)====
[[File:LAMDA building.jpg|thumb|250px|right|LAMDA, the drama school attended by Angus Imrie between 2015 and 2017.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''[[As You Like It]]''
| Jaques
| POSK Theatre
| Bill Alexander
|-
| ''[[The Cherry Orchard]]''
| Trofimov
| LAMDA Linbury Studio
| Gwenda Hughes
|-
| ''[[Uncle Vanya]]''
| Vanya
| LAMDA
| Caroline Leslie
|-
| ''Pogo (A Punk's Progress)''
| Various
| LAMDA
| Gary Lyons and Ian Brown
|-
| ''[[The Rivals]]''
| Jack Absolute
| LAMDA
| Beth Vyse
|-
| ''[['Tis Pity She's a Whore]]
| Giovanni
| LAMDA
| Matt Peover
|-
| ''Motortown''
| Lee
| LAMDA
| Jenny Lipman
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]''
| The Wars of the Roses – Henry VI Part II
| Edmund Plantagenet
| Neal Street Productions
| [[BBC Two]]
| [[Dominic Cooke]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''
| Season 2: Pride of the Prydes – Episode 3
| Jago Pryde
| BBC Productions
| [[BBC One]]
| Paul Gibson<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]''
| All episodes
| Student
| Endor Productions
| BBC One
| Ed Hall<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]''
| Season 1 – Episode 3
| Scott Millington
| Parallel Productions
| [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]
| Ed Hall, [[Sandy Johnson (director)|Sandy Johnson]] and [[Metin Hüseyin]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''Station Jim''
| Single TV drama film
| Boy at the school
| BBC Productions
| BBC One
| John Roberts{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
|-
| ''The Spanish Princes''
| Unknown
| Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2018/05/the-spanish-princess-charlotte-hope-star-the-white-princess-follow-up-on-starz-1202393222/|title=''The Spanish Princess'': Charlotte Hope To Star In ''The White Princess'' Follow-Up On Starz|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=17 May 2018|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
|Starz
|Starz
|Emma Frost
|}

===Film===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Year
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Notes
|-
| 2019
| ''[[The Kid Who Would Be King]]''
| Young [[Merlin]]
| [[Joe Cornish]]
|
|}

===Radio===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Archers]]''
| Frequent appearances
| Josh Archer
| BBC Radio Productions
| [[BBC Radio 4]]
| Various
|-
| ''Buddenbrooks''
| Single drama
| Tom Buddenbrook
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''People in Cars''
| Single drama
| Ben
| Getaway Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Peter Kavanagh
|-
| ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''
| Single drama
| Young son
| Donmar Theatre and BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Thea Sharrock]]
|-
| ''Great Expectations''
| All episodes
| Pip
| BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Marilyn Imrie]]
|-
| ''Whoosh!!''
| Single drama
| Angus
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]''
| All episodes
| Oswald
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|}

===Rehearsed readings===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''Nell''
| Waiter
| Red Handed Theatre Company, London
| [[Jessica Swale]]
|-
| ''The Piper''
| Zum
| [[Finborough Theatre]], London
| [[Fidelis Morgan]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
*{{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imrie, Angus}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:English male radio actors]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English male television actors]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]

Angus Imrie

2019-02-14T23:33:48Z

JDDJS: /* Education */

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Angus Imrie
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Angus William Jake Imrie
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1994|08|02}}
| birth_place = [[Isle of Wight]], England
| residence = London, England
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| parents = [[Celia Imrie]] [[Benjamin Whitrow]]
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}
|known_for = {{hlist|''[[The Archers]]'' (2014–present)|''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]'' (2013)|''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'' (2012)|''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' (2012)|''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' (2007)}}
|education = {{hlist|[[Dulwich College]]}}
|alma mater = [[University of Warwick]] [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
|employer =
|occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1999–present
| website = {{url|twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
}}
'''Angus William Jake Imrie''' (born 2 August 1994) is a British actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the character Josh Archer, in [[BBC Radio 4]]'s long-running drama serial ''[[The Archers]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer|title=The Archers – Josh Archer|work=[[BBC Radio 4]]|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> In 2014, he won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]''.<ref name=NSDF>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/awards/awards-2014|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Spotlight Most Promising Actor Award|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|year=2014|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> The son of the actors [[Celia Imrie]] and [[Benjamin Whitrow]], he made his screen debut in the [[BBC]] film drama ''[[Station Jim]]'', at the age of five.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

==Early life==
Imrie was born in 1994 on the [[Isle of Wight]], and is the son of actors [[Celia Imrie]] and [[Benjamin Whitrow]].<ref name=TheScotsman>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/celebrity/interview-actress-celia-imrie-on-her-40-years-on-showbusiness-1-4044556|title=Interview: Actress Celia Imrie on her 40 years in showbusiness|work=[[The Scotsman]] newspaper|date=5 March 2016|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

===Education===

Between the years 2001–2012,<ref name=Dulwich>{{cite web|url=http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|title=Dulwich College – Old Alleynians – Angus Imrie Joins The Archers|work=[[Dulwich College]], London|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=15 February 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215203629/http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|archivedate=15 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Imrie was educated at [[Dulwich College]],<ref name=Dulwich/> a boarding and day [[independent school]] for boys in the south London suburb of [[Dulwich]], followed by the [[University of Warwick]], where he studied English Literature and Theatre Studies.<ref name=LAMDA>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/ian-davies-foundation-degree-professional-acting-first-year-student|title=LAMDA – Angus Imrie|work=London Academy of Music & Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> From 2015 to 2017, he studied at LAMDA (the [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]) in London,<ref name=LAMDA/> the oldest drama school in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/about-lamda/history-and-background|title=LAMDA – History and Background|work=London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Imrie has appeared in a range of stage, television and radio productions since he was a child. After his screen debut in the [[BBC One]] film drama ''Station Jim'' at the age of five, he appeared in the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] drama series ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' in 2007, and the BBC One mini-series ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' in 2012. In the same year, he appeared in the [[BBC Two]] drama series ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'', whilst in the following year, he appeared in the BBC One series ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''. Prior to attending LAMDA (2015–2017), he appeared at [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in London, playing Bagot in [[William Shakespeare]]'s play [[Richard II (play)|Richard II]] (1595) and Ned Spiggett in [[Jessica Swale]]'s play ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015).<ref name=LAMDA/> He has also appeared in a range of radio productions, including ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]'', [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Great Expectations]]'' and [[John Mortimer]]'s ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''.<ref name=CDA>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdalondon.com/os/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/angusimrie.pdf|title=CDA Angus Imrie|work=CDA Theatrical Agency|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2014, Imrie joined the cast of the long-running BBC Radio 4 series ''The Archers'', based on a rural farming community in the mythical village of Ambridge, to take the role of Josh Archer previously played by child actor Cian Cheesbrough,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |title=The Archers – Josh Archer |work=BBC Radio 4 |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=16 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627030007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |archivedate=27 June 2014 }}</ref> the teenage son of David and Ruth and one of the main members of the Archer family.<ref name=Dulwich/> In the same year, he played the part of cabin boy Pip in ''The White Whale'' at [[Leeds Dock]], in which he sang ''[[Amazing Grace]]'' from the top of the set after having fallen into the water.<ref name=WhiteWhale>{{cite web|url=http://www.wow247.co.uk/2014/09/05/the-white-whale-theatre-review-87547|title=The White Whale at Leeds Dock – Theatre Review|work=Wow247|author=Pippa Day|date=5 September 2014|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2019, Imrie co-starred in the [[Joe Cornish]]–directed ''[[The Kid Who Would Be King]]'' as the young [[Merlin]], with [[Patrick Stewart]] portraying Merlin's older self.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/celebs-tv/patrick-stewart-cast-filming-cornwall-642618|title=Cast of major movie starring Sir Patrick Stewart pictured filming|first=Shannon|last=Hards|date=17 October 2017|website=Cornwall Live}}</ref>

==Credits==
Imrie has appeared in a number of productions.<ref name="CDA" />

[[File:The Globe Theatre, Panorama Innenraum, London.jpg|thumb|upright=4|centre|Panoramic view of the interior of Shakespeare's Globe in London, at which Angus Imrie played roles in two major productions.]]

===Theatre===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Director
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Notes
|-
| ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''
| Bagot
| [[Shakespeare's Globe]]
| [[Simon Godwin]]
| Part of the Globe's "Justice and Mercy" season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this Shakespeare play is believed to have been written in around 1595<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/richardii/summary.html|title=Richard II – William Shakespeare|publisher=SparkNotes.com|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]''
| Ned Spigett
| Shakespeare's Globe
| Christopher Luscombe
| Part of the Globe's "Justice and Mercy" season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this story by playwright [[Jessica Swale]] won the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best New Comedy in 2016, when it transferred to London's [[West End of London|West End]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olivierawards.com/video/view/item358987/best-new-comedy-nell-gwynn/|title=OLIVIER AWARDS – BEST NEW COMEDY: NELL GWYNN|work=The Olivier Awards|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''The White Whale''
| Pip
| [[Leeds Dock]]
| Alan Lane
| Open-air staging of an adaptation of [[Herman Melville]]'s ''[[Moby Dick]]'', written by the award-winning playwright [[James Phillips (playwright)|James Phillips]]<ref name=WhiteWhale/>
|-
| ''[[Road (play)|Road]]''
| Multiple parts: Brink/Skin-Lad, Blowpipe, Soldier, Father's voice and Barry
| [[Warwick Arts Centre]] at the [[University of Warwick]]
| Ali Pidsley
| A Warwick University Drama Society production,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/productions/road|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Road|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> staged in 2014, of [[Jim Cartwright]]'s multiple award-winning play,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |title=Literature – Writers – Jim Cartwright |work=[[British Council]] |accessdate=19 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609113454/http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |archivedate=9 June 2012 }}</ref> first staged in 1986 at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] in London. It is set in an anonymous road in a deprived, working class area of [[Lancashire]] during the [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] era, at a time of high unemployment in Northern England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.newtheatre.org.uk/years/14_15/road/|title=The Nottingham New Theatre History Project – Road|work=Nottingham New Theatre|year=2015|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> Imrie won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' for his roles in the play at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]'' in 2014.<ref name=NSDF/>
|}

===Theatre at LAMDA (2015–2017)===
[[File:LAMDA building.jpg|thumb|250px|right|LAMDA, the drama school attended by Angus Imrie between 2015 and 2017.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''[[As You Like It]]''
| Jaques
| POSK Theatre
| Bill Alexander
|-
| ''[[The Cherry Orchard]]''
| Trofimov
| LAMDA Linbury Studio
| Gwenda Hughes
|-
| ''[[Uncle Vanya]]''
| Vanya
| LAMDA
| Caroline Leslie
|-
| ''Pogo (A Punk's Progress)''
| Various
| LAMDA
| Gary Lyons and Ian Brown
|-
| ''[[The Rivals]]''
| Jack Absolute
| LAMDA
| Beth Vyse
|-
| ''[['Tis Pity She's a Whore]]
| Giovanni
| LAMDA
| Matt Peover
|-
| ''Motortown''
| Lee
| LAMDA
| Jenny Lipman
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]''
| The Wars of the Roses – Henry VI Part II
| Edmund Plantagenet
| Neal Street Productions
| [[BBC Two]]
| [[Dominic Cooke]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''
| Season 2: Pride of the Prydes – Episode 3
| Jago Pryde
| BBC Productions
| [[BBC One]]
| Paul Gibson<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]''
| All episodes
| Student
| Endor Productions
| BBC One
| Ed Hall<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]''
| Season 1 – Episode 3
| Scott Millington
| Parallel Productions
| [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]
| Ed Hall, [[Sandy Johnson (director)|Sandy Johnson]] and [[Metin Hüseyin]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''Station Jim''
| Single TV drama film
| Boy at the school
| BBC Productions
| BBC One
| John Roberts{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
|-
| ''The Spanish Princes''
| Unknown
| Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2018/05/the-spanish-princess-charlotte-hope-star-the-white-princess-follow-up-on-starz-1202393222/|title=''The Spanish Princess'': Charlotte Hope To Star In ''The White Princess'' Follow-Up On Starz|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=17 May 2018|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
|Starz
|Starz
|Emma Frost
|}

===Film===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Year
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Notes
|-
| 2019
| ''[[The Kid Who Would Be King]]''
| Young [[Merlin]]
| [[Joe Cornish]]
|
|}

===Radio===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Archers]]''
| Frequent appearances
| Josh Archer
| BBC Radio Productions
| [[BBC Radio 4]]
| Various
|-
| ''Buddenbrooks''
| Single drama
| Tom Buddenbrook
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''People in Cars''
| Single drama
| Ben
| Getaway Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Peter Kavanagh
|-
| ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''
| Single drama
| Young son
| Donmar Theatre and BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Thea Sharrock]]
|-
| ''Great Expectations''
| All episodes
| Pip
| BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Marilyn Imrie]]
|-
| ''Whoosh!!''
| Single drama
| Angus
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]''
| All episodes
| Oswald
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|}

===Rehearsed readings===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''Nell''
| Waiter
| Red Handed Theatre Company, London
| [[Jessica Swale]]
|-
| ''The Piper''
| Zum
| [[Finborough Theatre]], London
| [[Fidelis Morgan]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
*{{IMDb name}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imrie, Angus}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:English male radio actors]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English male television actors]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]

Angus Imrie

2018-12-15T19:57:50Z

JDDJS: /* Credits */

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Angus Imrie
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Angus William Jake Imrie
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1994|08|02}}
| birth_place = [[Isle of Wight]], England
| residence = London, England
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| parents = [[Celia Imrie]] [[Benjamin Whitrow]]
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}
|known_for = {{hlist|''[[The Archers]]'' (2014—present)|''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]'' (2013)|''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'' (2012)|''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' (2012)|''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' (2007)}}
|education = {{hlist|[[Dulwich College]]}}
|alma mater = [[University of Warwick]] [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
|employer =
|occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1999–present
| website = {{url|twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
}}
'''Angus William Jake Imrie''' (born 2 August 1994) is a British actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the character Josh Archer, in [[BBC Radio 4]]'s long-running drama serial ''[[The Archers]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer|title=The Archers – Josh Archer|work=[[BBC Radio 4]]|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> In 2014, he won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]''.<ref name=NSDF>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/awards/awards-2014|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Spotlight Most Promising Actor Award|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|year=2014|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> The son of the actors [[Celia Imrie]] and [[Benjamin Whitrow]], he made his screen debut in the [[BBC]] film drama ''[[Station Jim]]'', at the age of five.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

==Early life==
Imrie was born on the [[Isle of Wight]] in 1994, and is the son of actress [[Celia Imrie]] and actor [[Benjamin Whitrow]].<ref name=TheScotsman>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/celebrity/interview-actress-celia-imrie-on-her-40-years-on-showbusiness-1-4044556|title=Interview: Actress Celia Imrie on her 40 years in showbusiness|work=[[The Scotsman]] newspaper|date=5 March 2016|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

==Education==

Between the years 2001—2012,<ref name=Dulwich>{{cite web|url=http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|title=Dulwich College – Old Alleynians – Angus Imrie Joins The Archers|work=[[Dulwich College]], London|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=15 February 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215203629/http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|archivedate=15 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Imrie was educated at [[Dulwich College]],<ref name=Dulwich/> a boarding and day [[independent school]] for boys in the south London suburb of [[Dulwich]], followed by the [[University of Warwick]], where he studied English Literature and Theatre Studies.<ref name=LAMDA>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/ian-davies-foundation-degree-professional-acting-first-year-student|title=LAMDA – Angus Imrie|work=London Academy of Music & Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> From 2015 to 2017, he studied at LAMDA (the [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]) in London,<ref name=LAMDA/> the oldest drama school in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/about-lamda/history-and-background|title=LAMDA – History and Background|work=London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Imrie has appeared in a range of stage, television and radio productions since he was a child. After his screen debut in the [[BBC One]] film drama ''Station Jim'' at the age of five, he appeared in the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] drama series ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' in 2007, and the BBC One mini-series ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' in 2012. In the same year, he appeared in the [[BBC Two]] drama series ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'', whilst in the following year, he appeared in the BBC One series ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''. Prior to attending LAMDA (2015—2017), he appeared at [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in London, playing Bagot in [[William Shakespeare]]'s play [[Richard II (play)|Richard II]] (1595) and Ned Spiggett in [[Jessica Swale]]'s play ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015).<ref name=LAMDA/> He has also appeared in a range of radio productions, including ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]'', [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Great Expectations]]'' and [[John Mortimer]]'s ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''.<ref name=CDA>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdalondon.com/os/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/angusimrie.pdf|title=CDA Angus Imrie|work=CDA Theatrical Agency|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2014, Imrie joined the cast of the long-running BBC Radio 4 series ''The Archers'', based on a rural farming community in the mythical village of Ambridge, to take the role of Josh Archer previously played by child actor Cian Cheesbrough,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |title=The Archers – Josh Archer |work=BBC Radio 4 |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=16 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627030007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |archivedate=27 June 2014 }}</ref> the teenage son of David and Ruth and one of the main members of the Archer family.<ref name=Dulwich/> In the same year, he played the part of cabin boy Pip in ''The White Whale'' at [[Leeds Dock]], in which he sang ''[[Amazing Grace]]'' from the top of the set after having fallen into the water.<ref name=WhiteWhale>{{cite web|url=http://www.wow247.co.uk/2014/09/05/the-white-whale-theatre-review-87547|title=The White Whale at Leeds Dock – Theatre Review|work=Wow247|author=Pippa Day|date=5 September 2014|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

==Credits==

===Theatre===
[[File:The Globe Theatre, Panorama Innenraum, London.jpg|thumb|upright=4|centre|Panoramic view of the interior of Shakespeare's Globe in London, at which Angus Imrie played roles in two major productions.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Director
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Notes
|-
| ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''
| 'Bagot'
| [[Shakespeare's Globe]]
| [[Simon Godwin]]
| Part of the Globe's 'Justice and Mercy' season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this Shakespeare play is believed to have been written in around 1595<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/richardii/summary.html|title=Richard II – William Shakespeare|publisher=SparkNotes.com|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]''
| 'Ned Spigett'
| Shakespeare's Globe
| Christopher Luscombe
| Part of the Globe's 'Justice and Mercy' season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this story by playwright [[Jessica Swale]] won the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best New Comedy in 2016, when it transferred to London's [[West End of London|West End]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olivierawards.com/video/view/item358987/best-new-comedy-nell-gwynn/|title=OLIVIER AWARDS – BEST NEW COMEDY: NELL GWYNN|work=The Olivier Awards|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''The White Whale''
| 'Pip'
| [[Leeds Dock]]
| Alan Lane
| Open-air staging of an adaptation of [[Herman Melville]]'s ''[[Moby Dick]]'', written by the award-winning playwright [[James Phillips (playwright)|James Phillips]]<ref name=WhiteWhale/>
|-
| ''[[Road (play)|Road]]''
| Multiple parts: 'Brink'/'Skin-Lad', 'Blowpipe', 'Soldier', 'Father's Voice' and 'Barry'
| [[Warwick Arts Centre]] at the [[University of Warwick]]
| Ali Pidsley
| A Warwick University Drama Society production,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/productions/road|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Road|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> staged in 2014, of [[Jim Cartwright]]'s multiple award-winning play,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |title=Literature – Writers – Jim Cartwright |work=[[British Council]] |accessdate=19 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609113454/http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |archivedate=9 June 2012 }}</ref> first staged in 1986 at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] in London. It is set in an anonymous road in a deprived, working class area of [[Lancashire]] during the [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] era, at a time of high unemployment in Northern England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.newtheatre.org.uk/years/14_15/road/|title=The Nottingham New Theatre History Project – Road|work=Nottingham New Theatre|year=2015|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> Imrie won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' for his roles in the play at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]'' in 2014.<ref name=NSDF/>
|}

===Theatre whilst at LAMDA [2015—2017]===
[[File:LAMDA building.jpg|thumb|250px|right|LAMDA, the drama school attended by Angus Imrie between 2015 and 2017.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''[[As You Like It]]''
| 'Jaques'
| POSK Theatre
| Bill Alexander
|-
| ''[[The Cherry Orchard]]''
| 'Trofimov'
| LAMDA Linbury Studio
| Gwenda Hughes
|-
| ''[[Uncle Vanya]]''
| 'Vanya'
| LAMDA
| Caroline Leslie
|-
| ''Pogo (A Punk's Progress)''
| Various
| LAMDA
| Gary Lyons and Ian Brown
|-
| ''[[The Rivals]]''
| 'Jack Absolute'
| LAMDA
| Beth Vyse
|-
| ''[['Tis Pity She's a Whore]]
| 'Giovanni'
| LAMDA
| Matt Peover
|-
| ''Motortown''
| 'Lee'
| LAMDA
| Jenny Lipman
|}<ref name=CDA/>

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]''
| The Wars of the Roses – Henry VI Part II
| 'Edmund Plantagenet'
| Neal Street Productions
| [[BBC Two]]
| [[Dominic Cooke]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''
| Season 2: Pride of the Prydes – Episode 3
| 'Jago Pryde'
| BBC Productions
| [[BBC One]]
| Paul Gibson<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]''
| All episodes
| Student
| Endor Productions
| BBC One
| Ed Hall<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]''
| Season 1 – Episode 3
| 'Scott Millington'
| Parallel Productions
| [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]
| Ed Hall, [[Sandy Johnson (director)|Sandy Johnson]] and [[Metin Hüseyin]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''Station Jim''
| Single TV drama film
| Boy at the school
| BBC Productions
| BBC One
| John Roberts{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
|-
| ''The Spanish Princes''
| Unknown
| Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2018/05/the-spanish-princess-charlotte-hope-star-the-white-princess-follow-up-on-starz-1202393222/|title=''The Spanish Princess'': Charlotte Hope To Star In ''The White Princess'' Follow-Up On Starz|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=17 May 2018|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
|Starz
|Starz
|Emma Frost
|}

===Radio===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Archers]]''
| Frequent appearances
| 'Josh Archer'
| BBC Radio Productions
| [[BBC Radio 4]]
| Various
|-
| ''Buddenbrooks''
| Single drama
| 'Tom Buddenbrook'
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''People in Cars''
| Single drama
| 'Ben'
| Getaway Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Peter Kavanagh
|-
| ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''
| Single drama
| 'Young Son'
| Donmar Theatre and BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Thea Sharrock]]
|-
| ''Great Expectations''
| All episodes
| 'Pip'
| BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Marilyn Imrie]]
|-
| ''Whoosh!!''
| Single drama
| 'Angus'
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]''
| All episodes
| 'Oswald'
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|}<ref name=CDA/>

===Rehearsed readings===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''Nell''
| 'Waiter'
| Red Handed Theatre Company, London
| [[Jessica Swale]]
|-
| ''The Piper''
| 'Zum'
| [[Finborough Theatre]], London
| [[Fidelis Morgan]]
|}<ref name=CDA/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
*{{IMDb name|2653929|Angus Imrie}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imrie, Angus}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:English male radio actors]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English male television actors]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]

Angus Imrie

2018-12-15T19:56:25Z

JDDJS:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Angus Imrie
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Angus William Jake Imrie
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1994|08|02}}
| birth_place = [[Isle of Wight]], England
| residence = London, England
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| parents = [[Celia Imrie]] [[Benjamin Whitrow]]
| height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}
|known_for = {{hlist|''[[The Archers]]'' (2014—present)|''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' (2015) The Globe|''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]'' (2013)|''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'' (2012)|''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' (2012)|''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' (2007)}}
|education = {{hlist|[[Dulwich College]]}}
|alma mater = [[University of Warwick]] [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
|employer =
|occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1999–present
| website = {{url|twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
}}
'''Angus William Jake Imrie''' (born 2 August 1994) is a British actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the character Josh Archer, in [[BBC Radio 4]]'s long-running drama serial ''[[The Archers]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer|title=The Archers – Josh Archer|work=[[BBC Radio 4]]|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> In 2014, he won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]''.<ref name=NSDF>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/awards/awards-2014|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Spotlight Most Promising Actor Award|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|year=2014|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> The son of the actors [[Celia Imrie]] and [[Benjamin Whitrow]], he made his screen debut in the [[BBC]] film drama ''[[Station Jim]]'', at the age of five.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

==Early life==
Imrie was born on the [[Isle of Wight]] in 1994, and is the son of actress [[Celia Imrie]] and actor [[Benjamin Whitrow]].<ref name=TheScotsman>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/celebrity/interview-actress-celia-imrie-on-her-40-years-on-showbusiness-1-4044556|title=Interview: Actress Celia Imrie on her 40 years in showbusiness|work=[[The Scotsman]] newspaper|date=5 March 2016|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

==Education==

Between the years 2001—2012,<ref name=Dulwich>{{cite web|url=http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|title=Dulwich College – Old Alleynians – Angus Imrie Joins The Archers|work=[[Dulwich College]], London|date=12 November 2014|accessdate=15 February 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215203629/http://www.dulwich.org.uk/old-alleynians/news/2014/11/12/angus-imrie-joins-the-archers|archivedate=15 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Imrie was educated at [[Dulwich College]],<ref name=Dulwich/> a boarding and day [[independent school]] for boys in the south London suburb of [[Dulwich]], followed by the [[University of Warwick]], where he studied English Literature and Theatre Studies.<ref name=LAMDA>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/ian-davies-foundation-degree-professional-acting-first-year-student|title=LAMDA – Angus Imrie|work=London Academy of Music & Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref> From 2015 to 2017, he studied at LAMDA (the [[London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]) in London,<ref name=LAMDA/> the oldest drama school in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamda.org.uk/about-lamda/history-and-background|title=LAMDA – History and Background|work=London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Imrie has appeared in a range of stage, television and radio productions since he was a child. After his screen debut in the [[BBC One]] film drama ''Station Jim'' at the age of five, he appeared in the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] drama series ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]'' in 2007, and the BBC One mini-series ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]'' in 2012. In the same year, he appeared in the [[BBC Two]] drama series ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'', whilst in the following year, he appeared in the BBC One series ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''. Prior to attending LAMDA (2015—2017), he appeared at [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in London, playing Bagot in [[William Shakespeare]]'s play [[Richard II (play)|Richard II]] (1595) and Ned Spiggett in [[Jessica Swale]]'s play ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]'' (2015).<ref name=LAMDA/> He has also appeared in a range of radio productions, including ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]'', [[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[Great Expectations]]'' and [[John Mortimer]]'s ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''.<ref name=CDA>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdalondon.com/os/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/angusimrie.pdf|title=CDA Angus Imrie|work=CDA Theatrical Agency|accessdate=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2014, Imrie joined the cast of the long-running BBC Radio 4 series ''The Archers'', based on a rural farming community in the mythical village of Ambridge, to take the role of Josh Archer previously played by child actor Cian Cheesbrough,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |title=The Archers – Josh Archer |work=BBC Radio 4 |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=16 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627030007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/4zfcPbrvbQyrh7PjtKqhBTK/josh-archer |archivedate=27 June 2014 }}</ref> the teenage son of David and Ruth and one of the main members of the Archer family.<ref name=Dulwich/> In the same year, he played the part of cabin boy Pip in ''The White Whale'' at [[Leeds Dock]], in which he sang ''[[Amazing Grace]]'' from the top of the set after having fallen into the water.<ref name=WhiteWhale>{{cite web|url=http://www.wow247.co.uk/2014/09/05/the-white-whale-theatre-review-87547|title=The White Whale at Leeds Dock – Theatre Review|work=Wow247|author=Pippa Day|date=5 September 2014|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>

===Theatre and broadcasting credits===

====Theatre====
[[File:The Globe Theatre, Panorama Innenraum, London.jpg|thumb|upright=4|centre|Panoramic view of the interior of Shakespeare's Globe in London, at which Angus Imrie played roles in two major productions.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Director
! style="background:#b0c5de"| Notes
|-
| ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''
| 'Bagot'
| [[Shakespeare's Globe]]
| [[Simon Godwin]]
| Part of the Globe's 'Justice and Mercy' season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this Shakespeare play is believed to have been written in around 1595<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/richardii/summary.html|title=Richard II – William Shakespeare|publisher=SparkNotes.com|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nell Gwynn (play)|Nell Gwynn]]''
| 'Ned Spigett'
| Shakespeare's Globe
| Christopher Luscombe
| Part of the Globe's 'Justice and Mercy' season (2015),<ref name=CDA/> this story by playwright [[Jessica Swale]] won the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best New Comedy in 2016, when it transferred to London's [[West End of London|West End]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olivierawards.com/video/view/item358987/best-new-comedy-nell-gwynn/|title=OLIVIER AWARDS – BEST NEW COMEDY: NELL GWYNN|work=The Olivier Awards|accessdate=17 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''The White Whale''
| 'Pip'
| [[Leeds Dock]]
| Alan Lane
| Open-air staging of an adaptation of [[Herman Melville]]'s ''[[Moby Dick]]'', written by the award-winning playwright [[James Phillips (playwright)|James Phillips]]<ref name=WhiteWhale/>
|-
| ''[[Road (play)|Road]]''
| Multiple parts: 'Brink'/'Skin-Lad', 'Blowpipe', 'Soldier', 'Father's Voice' and 'Barry'
| [[Warwick Arts Centre]] at the [[University of Warwick]]
| Ali Pidsley
| A Warwick University Drama Society production,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsdf.org.uk/the-festival/productions/road|title=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival – Road|work=The Sunday Times National Student Drama Festival|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> staged in 2014, of [[Jim Cartwright]]'s multiple award-winning play,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |title=Literature – Writers – Jim Cartwright |work=[[British Council]] |accessdate=19 February 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609113454/http://literature.britishcouncil.org/jim-cartwright |archivedate=9 June 2012 }}</ref> first staged in 1986 at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] in London. It is set in an anonymous road in a deprived, working class area of [[Lancashire]] during the [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] era, at a time of high unemployment in Northern England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.newtheatre.org.uk/years/14_15/road/|title=The Nottingham New Theatre History Project – Road|work=Nottingham New Theatre|year=2015|accessdate=19 February 2017}}</ref> Imrie won the casting agency [[Spotlight (Casting Services Company)|Spotlight]]'s ''Most Promising Actor Award'' for his roles in the play at [[The Sunday Times]] ''[[National Student Drama Festival]]'' in 2014.<ref name=NSDF/>
|}

====Theatre whilst at LAMDA [2015—2017]====
[[File:LAMDA building.jpg|thumb|250px|right|LAMDA, the drama school attended by Angus Imrie between 2015 and 2017.]]

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''[[As You Like It]]''
| 'Jaques'
| POSK Theatre
| Bill Alexander
|-
| ''[[The Cherry Orchard]]''
| 'Trofimov'
| LAMDA Linbury Studio
| Gwenda Hughes
|-
| ''[[Uncle Vanya]]''
| 'Vanya'
| LAMDA
| Caroline Leslie
|-
| ''Pogo (A Punk's Progress)''
| Various
| LAMDA
| Gary Lyons and Ian Brown
|-
| ''[[The Rivals]]''
| 'Jack Absolute'
| LAMDA
| Beth Vyse
|-
| ''[['Tis Pity She's a Whore]]
| 'Giovanni'
| LAMDA
| Matt Peover
|-
| ''Motortown''
| 'Lee'
| LAMDA
| Jenny Lipman
|}<ref name=CDA/>

====Television====
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]''
| The Wars of the Roses – Henry VI Part II
| 'Edmund Plantagenet'
| Neal Street Productions
| [[BBC Two]]
| [[Dominic Cooke]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]''
| Season 2: Pride of the Prydes – Episode 3
| 'Jago Pryde'
| BBC Productions
| [[BBC One]]
| Paul Gibson<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Restless (2012 miniseries)|Restless]]''
| All episodes
| Student
| Endor Productions
| BBC One
| Ed Hall<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''[[Kingdom (2007 TV series)|Kingdom]]''
| Season 1 – Episode 3
| 'Scott Millington'
| Parallel Productions
| [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]
| Ed Hall, [[Sandy Johnson (director)|Sandy Johnson]] and [[Metin Hüseyin]]<ref name=CDA/>
|-
| ''Station Jim''
| Single TV drama film
| Boy at the school
| BBC Productions
| BBC One
| John Roberts{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
|-
| ''The Spanish Princes''
| Unknown
| Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2018/05/the-spanish-princess-charlotte-hope-star-the-white-princess-follow-up-on-starz-1202393222/|title=''The Spanish Princess'': Charlotte Hope To Star In ''The White Princess'' Follow-Up On Starz|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=17 May 2018|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
|Starz
|Starz
|Emma Frost
|}

====Radio====
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Episode(s)
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Production company
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Broadcaster
! style="background:#b0c6de"| Director(s)
|-
| ''[[The Archers]]''
| Frequent appearances
| 'Josh Archer'
| BBC Radio Productions
| [[BBC Radio 4]]
| Various
|-
| ''Buddenbrooks''
| Single drama
| 'Tom Buddenbrook'
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''People in Cars''
| Single drama
| 'Ben'
| Getaway Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Peter Kavanagh
|-
| ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]''
| Single drama
| 'Young Son'
| Donmar Theatre and BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Thea Sharrock]]
|-
| ''Great Expectations''
| All episodes
| 'Pip'
| BBC Radio Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| [[Marilyn Imrie]]
|-
| ''Whoosh!!''
| Single drama
| 'Angus'
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|-
| ''[[The Story of the Treasure Seekers|The Treasure Seekers]]''
| All episodes
| 'Oswald'
| Watershed Productions
| BBC Radio 4
| Chris Wallis
|}<ref name=CDA/>

====Rehearsed readings====
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Title
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Role
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Theatre
! style="background:#b0c4de"| Director
|-
| ''Nell''
| 'Waiter'
| Red Handed Theatre Company, London
| [[Jessica Swale]]
|-
| ''The Piper''
| 'Zum'
| [[Finborough Theatre]], London
| [[Fidelis Morgan]]
|}<ref name=CDA/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://twicsy.com/u/AngusImrie}}
*{{IMDb name|2653929|Angus Imrie}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imrie, Angus}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:English male film actors]]
[[Category:English male radio actors]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English male television actors]]
[[Category:People educated at Dulwich College]]

Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

2018-06-29T01:11:23Z

JDDJS:

{{Infobox film
| name = Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again
| image = Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again.png
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ol Parker]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Judy Craymer]]
* [[Gary Goetzman]]
}}
| screenplay = Ol Parker
| story = {{Plainlist|
* [[Catherine Johnson (playwright)|Catherine Johnson]]
* [[Richard Curtis]]
* Ol Parker
}}
| based on = {{Based on|''[[Mamma Mia!]]''|Catherine Johnson}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Christine Baranski]]
* [[Pierce Brosnan]]
* [[Dominic Cooper]]
* [[Colin Firth]]
* [[Andy García]]
* [[Lily James]]
* [[Amanda Seyfried]]
* [[Stellan Skarsgård]]
* [[Julie Walters]]
* [[Cher]]
* [[Meryl Streep]]
}}
| music = [[Anne Dudley]]
| cinematography = [[Robert Yeoman]]
| editing = Peter Lambert
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Playtone]]
* Littlestar Productions
* [[Legendary Entertainment]]
}}
| distributor = [[Universal Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|7|20|}}
| runtime = 110 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amctheatres.com/movies/mamma-mia-here-we-go-again-53969|title=Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again|website=[[AMC Theatres]]|accessdate=June 20, 2018}}</ref>
| country = {{ubl|United Kingdom|United States}}
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again''''' is an upcoming [[Musical film|musical]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed and written by [[Ol Parker]], from a story by Parker, [[Catherine Johnson (playwright)|Catherine Johnson]], and [[Richard Curtis]]. It is the sequel to the 2008 film ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'', which is based on the musical [[Mamma Mia!|of the same name]]. The film stars [[Lily James]], [[Amanda Seyfried]], [[Christine Baranski]], [[Julie Walters]], [[Pierce Brosnan]], [[Colin Firth]], [[Stellan Skarsgård]], [[Dominic Cooper]], [[Cher]] and [[Meryl Streep]].

It is scheduled to be released in North America and the UK on July 20, 2018 by [[Universal Pictures]], ten years to the month of the original film's release.

== Plot ==
Ten years later, in the Greek island of Kalokairi, Sophie is pregnant with Sky's child while running her mother's villa. Self-conflicted that she can't do it by herself without her mother around, but with Tanya and Rosie's guidance, Sophie will find out more of Donna's past and how she fronted The Dynamos, came to start up her villa on the island, met each one of Sophie’s dads ([[Pierce Brosnan]], [[Stellan Skarsgård]], and [[Colin Firth]]), and raised a daughter, bravely on her own, without a mother to guide her – with an unexpected visit from someone she had not invited or never even met: her grandmother, Ruby Sheridan.

== Cast ==
*[[Amanda Seyfried]] as Sophie Sheridan, Donna's 30-year-old daughter, Sam's stepdaughter, Sky's fiance and Ruby’s granddaughter
*[[Meryl Streep]] as Donna Sheridan Carmichael, Sophie's mother and Ruby’s daughter, owner of the Hotel Bella Donna, wife to Sam
**[[Lily James]] as Young Donna
*[[Christine Baranski]] as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, one of Donna's friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; a rich three-time divorcee
**[[Jessica Keenan Wynn]] as Young Tanya
*[[Julie Walters]] as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna's friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; an unmarried fun-loving author
**[[Alexa Davies]] as Young Rosie
*[[Pierce Brosnan]] as Sam Carmichael, Sophie's stepfather and possible father, an Irish-American architect, Ruby's son-in-law, and husband to Donna
**[[Jeremy Irvine]] as Young Sam
*[[Colin Firth]] as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father and a British banker.
**[[Hugh Skinner]] as Young Harry
*[[Stellan Skarsgård]] as Bill Anderson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer
**Josh Dylan as Young Bill
*[[Cher]] as Ruby Sheridan, Donna's mother and Sophie's grandmother
*[[Dominic Cooper]] as Sky, Sophie's fiance
*[[Andy García]] as Fernando Cienfuegos, the manager of the hotel Bella Donna
*[[Omid Djalili]] as a Greek customs officer
*[[Celia Imrie]] as Vice-Chancellor
*[[Naoko Mori]] as Yumiko
*[[Togo Igawa]] as Tateyama
*[[Maria Vacratsis]] as Sofia
*[[Panos Mouzourakis]] as Lazaros
*[[Gerard Monaco]] as Alexio
*Anna Antoniades as Apollonia
*[[Jonathan Goldsmith]]

==Musical numbers==
The following [[ABBA]] songs have been confirmed to appear in the film, either by [[Benny Andersson]] per his interview on BBC Radio 5 Live,<ref>{{cite interview |last=Andersson|first=Benny|subjectlink=Benny Andersson |interviewer=Sarah Brett and Colin Paterson |title=Afternoon Edition |work=Afternoon Edition |publisher=[[BBC Radio 5 Live]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05kd4px |location=London |date=19 October 2017 |access-date = 27 April 2018}}</ref> or they appeared in the trailers:<ref name="Read-Dominguez">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/mamma-mia/news/a839163/mamma-mia-2-here-we-go-again-abba-songs-list/|title=Mamma Mia 2 Here We Go Again! songs officially revealed by Benny from ABBA|last=Read-Dominguez|first=Jennifer|date=27 September 2017|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref>
# "[[When I Kissed the Teacher]]" from ''[[Arrival (ABBA album)|Arrival]]'' (1976) - Donna and the Dynamos
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson
#:* Fully Released on MammaMiaVevo on YouTube
# "[[Waterloo (ABBA song)|Waterloo]]" from ''[[Waterloo (album)|Waterloo]]'' (1974) - Young Harry, Young Donna
#:* appeared in Grammys TV spot and final trailer
#:* a special version of the rehearsals, filmed in 360° has been posted by Universal Pictures on Youtube
#:* Fully Released on MammaMiaVevo on YouTube
# "[[Dancing Queen]]" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Sophie, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill and Harry
#:* appeared in first trailer, final trailer and confirmed by Benny Andersson
# "[[Mamma Mia (song)|Mamma Mia]]" from ''[[ABBA (album)|ABBA]]'' (1975) - Donna and the Dynamos
#:* appeared in trailers and Grammys TV spot
# "[[Thank You for the Music]]" from ''[[ABBA: The Album]]'' (1977) - confirmed by Benny Andersson
# "[[Angeleyes]]" from ''[[Voulez-Vous]]'' (1979) - Sophie, Rosie, Tanya
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson, appeared in international trailer
# "[[I Have a Dream (song)|I Have a Dream]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - appeared in first trailer and confirmed by Benny Andersson
# "[[Kisses of Fire]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - Sophie, Sky
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus in an interview with [[Aftonbladet]] <ref>{{cite interview |last=Andersson|first=Benny|subjectlink=Benny Andersson |interviewer=Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus |publisher=[[Aftonbladet]]|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/8wonjE/bjorn-och-benny-darfor-gor-vi-ny-musik-med-abba |date=1 May 2018 |access-date = 1 May 2018 |title=Aftonbladet}}</ref>
# "[[Fernando (song)|Fernando]]" non-album single (1976) - Ruby, Fernando
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson in his interview to "Ice-site“
#:* Fully Released on MammaMiaVevo on YouTube
# "[[My Love, My Life]]" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Donna
#:* Mentioned by the site Benny Andersson news
# "Happy Hawaii/Why Did It Have to Be Me?" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Mentioned by the site Benny Andersson news
# "Andante, Andante" from ''Super Trouper'' (1980)
# "[[I've Been Waiting for You (ABBA song)|I’ve Been Waiting For You]]" from ''ABBA'' (1975) - Sophie, Rosie, Tanya
#:* Mentioned by Julie Walters in an interview for the [[Liverpool Echo]]
# "[[Knowing Me, Knowing You]]" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Sam
#:* Mentioned by Pierce Brosnan and Judy Craymer in unrelated Instagram posts
# "[[The Name of the Game (ABBA song)|The Name Of The Game]]" from ''ABBA: The Album'' (1977) - Mentioned by Lily James and Benny Andersson in unrelated interviews
# "[[Super Trouper (song)|Super Trouper]]" from ''[[Super Trouper (album)|Super Trouper]]'' (1980) - Ruby, Donna, Rosie, Tanya
#:* Mentioned by Cher in an interview
# "[[One of Us (ABBA song)|One of Us]]" from ''The Visitors'' (1981) - Donna and Sophie
#:* Mentioned by Cher in a tweet
# "[[Hole in Your Soul]]" from ''ABBA: The Album'' (1977)
# "[[Hasta Mañana]]" from ''ABBA'' (1975)
# "[[SOS (ABBA song)|SOS]]" from ''ABBA'' (1975)

The following songs have been mentioned but will not included in the final cut of the film:
# "[[I Wonder (Departure)]]" from ''ABBA: The Album'' (1977) - Young Donna
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson the scene has been filmed but finally will be not in the final cut
# "[[As Good As New]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - Mentioned by guitarist Janne Schaffer on an Aftonbladet podcast
# "[[If It Wasn't for the Nights]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - Mentioned by guitarist Janne Schaffer on an Aftonbladet podcast
# "[[On and On and On]]" from ''Super Trouper'' (1980) - Mentioned by guitarist Janne Schaffer on an Aftonbladet podcast
# "[[Head over Heels (ABBA song)|Head over Heels]]" from ''[[The Visitors (ABBA album)|The Visitors]]'' (1981) Mentioned by Lily James in a interview
# "[[Like an Angel Passing Through My Room]]" from ''The Visitors'' (1981) - Mentioned by Dominic Cooper
# "[[Summer Night City]]" non-album single (1978) - Mentioned by Judy Craymer
# "[[The Way Old Friends Do]]" from ''Super Trouper'' (1980) - Mentioned by Judy Craymer on Instagram

==Production==
===Development===
Due to ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]''{{'s}} financial success, Hollywood studio chief [[David Linde]], co-chairman of [[Universal Pictures]] told ''The Daily Mail'' that it would take a while, but there could be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, [[Catherine Johnson (playwright)|Catherine Johnson]], [[Phyllida Lloyd]], [[Benny Andersson]] and [[Björn Ulvaeus]] agreed to the project, noting that there are still plenty of ABBA songs to use.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author=Baz Bamigboye |title=Baz Bamigboye on a possible Mamma Mia sequel, Kate Winslet, Leonardo DiCaprio and much more |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1078332/Baz-Bamigboye-possible-Mamma-Mia-sequel-Kate-Winslet-Leonardo-DiCaprio-more.html |work=Mail Online |publisher= |date=2008-10-17 |accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref>

''Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again'' was announced on May 19, 2017, with a planned release date of July 20, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bryan Alexander|title='Mamma Mia' sequel 'Here We Go Again' coming next summer|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2017/05/19/mamma-mia-sequel-here-we-go-again-coming-next-summer/101899234/|work=US Today|date=2017-05-19|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> It will be written and directed by [[Ol Parker]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/05/mamma-mia-here-we-go-again-theaters-release-next-summer-1202098572/|title=‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ On Universal Pictures’ 2018 Schedule|author=Anita Busch|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|date=May 19, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> On September 27, 2017, Benny Andersson confirmed 3 ABBA songs that would be featured in the film: "[[When I Kissed the Teacher]]," "[[I Wonder (Departure)]]," and "[[Angeleyes|Angel Eyes]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/mamma-mia/news/a839163/mamma-mia-2-here-we-go-again-abba-songs-list/|title=Mamma Mia 2 Here We Go Again! songs officially revealed by Benny from ABBA|author=Jennifer Read-Dominguez|publisher=Digital Spy|date=September 27, 2017|accessdate=December 4, 2017}}</ref>

===Casting===
On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would be returning as Sophie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/06/amanda-seyfried-joins-mamma-mia-sequel-1202105360/|title=Amanda Seyfried Set For ‘Mamma Mia!’ Reprise|author=Mike Fleming Jr|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|date=June 1, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> Later that month, [[Dominic Cooper]] confirmed in an interview that he would be returning for the sequel along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etonline.com/movies/220110_dominic_cooper_dishes_on_returning_for_mamma_mia_2_it_a_phone_call_i_ve_been_waiting_for/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Dominic Cooper Dishes on Returning for 'Mamma Mia 2': It's 'a Phone Call I've Been Waiting For'|author=Zach Seemayer|publisher=''[[Entertainment Tonight]]''|date=June 22, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> In July 2017, Baranski was confirmed to return as Tanya in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/07/christine-baranski-mamma-mia-2-universal-1202127340/|title=Christine Baranski Returning For Universal’s ‘Mamma Mia!’ Sequel|author=Amanda N'Duka|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 12, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> On July 12, 2017, [[Lily James]] was cast in the film to play the role of "Young Donna."<ref name="JamesCast">{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Rebecca|title='Mamma Mia' Sequel Adds Lily James (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mamma-mia-sequel-adds-lily-james-1020037|accessdate=July 13, 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 12, 2017}}</ref> On August 3, 2017, [[Jeremy Irvine]] and [[Alexa Davies]] were cast in the film with Irvine set to play Brosnan's character Sam in a past era, and Davies would play the role of a young Rosie, played by [[Julie Walters]] in the first film.<ref name="Aug2017D">{{cite news|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|last2=N'Duka|first2=Amanda|title=‘Mamma Mia!’ Sequel Adds Jeremy Irvine & ‘Harlots’ Actress Alexa Davies|url=http://deadline.com/2017/08/mamma-mia-sequel-jeremy-irvine-alexa-davies-universal-1202137014/|accessdate=August 9, 2017|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=August 3, 2017}}</ref> On August 16, 2017, it was announced that Jessica Keenan Wynn (Heather Chandler in the original Off-Broadway cast of ''[[Heathers: The Musical]]'') had been cast as a young Tanya, who was played by Baranski in the first film.<ref>{{cite news|last=McNary|first=Dave|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/broadway-star-jessica-keenan-wynn-mamma-mia-here-we-go-again-1202530120/amp/|title=‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ Casts Broadway Star Jessica Keenan Wynn|accessdate=August 22, 2017|work=Variety|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> [[Julie Walters]] and [[Stellan Skarsgård]] will also reprise their roles as Rosie and Bill, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/881431-here-we-go-again-mamma-mia-sequel-begins-production#/slide/1|title=Here We Go Again: Mamma Mia! Sequel Begins Production|author=Spencer Perry|publisher=Comingsoon.net|date=August 22, 2017|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> On October 16, 2017, it was revealed that American singer/actress [[Cher]] had joined the cast in her first on-screen film role since 2010.<ref name=Cher>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4983372/Cher-return-cinema-appearance-Mamma-Mia-2.html |title=Here she goes again: Cher prepares to return to the big screen with appearance in Mamma Mia 2 |first=Baz |last=Bamigboye |work=[[Daily Mail]] |date=2017-10-16 |accessdate=2017-10-16}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] on the film began on August 12, 2017 in [[Croatia]], including the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]].<ref name="TCN" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=McCreesh|first1=Louise|title=Lily James shares snap of young Dynamos in Mamma Mia 2|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a835456/lily-james-starts-work-on-mamma-mia-2/|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=Digital Spy|date=August 12, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Harrison|first1=Ellie|title=Lily James shares photo from the set of Mamma Mia! sequel|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-08-14/lily-james-shares-photo-from-the-set-of-mamma-mia-sequel|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=RadioTimes|date=August 14, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sommers|first1=Kat|title=First Look: The Dynamos Reunite as ‘Mamma Mia 2’ Starts Filming {{!}} BBC America|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2017/08/first-look-the-dynamos-reunite-as-mamma-mia-2-starts-filming|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=BBC America|date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name="TCN">{{cite news|last1=Demark|first1=Nikolina|title=Will the Filming of 'Mamma Mia' Affect the Island of Vis?|url=http://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/21239-will-the-filming-of-mamma-mia-affect-the-island-of-vis|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=Total Croatia News|date=August 15, 2017|language=en-gb}}</ref> The cast gathered in October 2017, at [[Shepperton Studios]] in [[Surrey]], [[England]], to film some song and dance numbers with Cher.<ref name=Cher/> Filming wrapped on December 2, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McCreesh|first1=Louise|title=Mamma Mia 2: Here We Go Again! has officially finished filming|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a844588/mamma-mia-2-sequel-here-we-go-again-filming-abba/|accessdate=December 4, 2017|work=Digital Spy|date=December 4, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again'' is scheduled to be released on July 20, 2018 by [[Universal Pictures]] in the UK, USA and other selected countries.<ref>{{cite news|title='Mamma Mia!' Film Sequel Gets July 2018 Release Date|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/entertainment/articles/2017-05-19/mamma-mia-film-sequel-gets-july-2018-release-date|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=US News|date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> The official soundtrack will be released on July 13.

=== Marketing ===
The first trailer for the film was released on December 21, 2017 in front of ''[[Pitch Perfect 3]]'', another film made by Universal Pictures.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
Cher performed Fernando at the Las Vegas CinemaCon on April 25, 2018 after footage of the film was shown.

===Box office projections===
In May 2018, ''[[BoxOffice (magazine)|BoxOffice Magazine]]'' projected the film to gross $25–35 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, and a final domestic total of around $105 million.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://pro.boxoffice.com/long-range-tracking-incredibles-2-surges-equalizer-2-mamma-mia-go/|title= Long Range Tracking: ‘Incredibles 2’ Builds Momentum; Early ‘Equalizer 2’ & ‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ Tracking |last=Robbins|first=Shawn|work=[[BoxOffice (magazine)|BoxOffice]]|date=April 25, 2018|accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{portalbar|cinema of the United States}}
* {{official website|http://www.mammamiamovie.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|6911608}}

{{ABBA}}
{{Ol Parker}}

[[Category:2010s musical comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:2010s sequel films]]
[[Category:ABBA]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American musical comedy films]]
[[Category:American romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:American romantic musical films]]
[[Category:American sequel films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Gary Goetzman]]
[[Category:Films set on islands]]
[[Category:Films shot in Croatia]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Films shot in Surrey]]
[[Category:Jukebox musical films]]
[[Category:Legendary Pictures films]]
[[Category:Playtone films]]
[[Category:Universal Pictures films]]
[[Category:Upcoming sequel films]]

Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

2018-06-29T01:10:36Z

JDDJS: Undid revision 847624932 by NottNott (talk) goes by poster billing

{{Infobox film
| name = Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again
| image = Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again.png
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ol Parker]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Judy Craymer]]
* [[Gary Goetzman]]
}}
| screenplay = Ol Parker
| story = {{Plainlist|
* [[Catherine Johnson (playwright)|Catherine Johnson]]
* [[Richard Curtis]]
* Ol Parker
}}
| based on = {{Based on|''[[Mamma Mia!]]''|Catherine Johnson}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Christine Baranski]]
* [[Pierce Brosnan]]
* [[Dominic Cooper]]
* [[Colin Firth]]
* [[Andy García]]
* [[Lily James]]
* [[Amanda Seyfried]]
* [[Stellan Skarsgård]]
* [[Julie Walters]]
* [[Cher]]
* [[Meryl Streep]]
}}
| music = [[Anne Dudley]]
| cinematography = [[Robert Yeoman]]
| editing = Peter Lambert
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Playtone]]
* Littlestar Productions
* [[Legendary Entertainment]]
}}
| distributor = [[Universal Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|7|20|}}
| runtime = 110 minutes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amctheatres.com/movies/mamma-mia-here-we-go-again-53969|title=Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again|website=[[AMC Theatres]]|accessdate=June 20, 2018}}</ref>
| country = {{ubl|United Kingdom|United States}}
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again''''' is an upcoming [[Musical film|musical]] [[romantic comedy]] film directed and written by [[Ol Parker]], from a story by Parker, [[Catherine Johnson (playwright)|Catherine Johnson]], and [[Richard Curtis]]. It is the sequel to the 2008 film ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'', which is based on the musical [[Mamma Mia!|of the same name]]. The film stars [[Meryl Streep]], [[Lily James]], [[Amanda Seyfried]], [[Christine Baranski]], [[Julie Walters]], [[Pierce Brosnan]], [[Colin Firth]], [[Stellan Skarsgård]], [[Dominic Cooper]], and [[Cher]].

It is scheduled to be released in North America and the UK on July 20, 2018 by [[Universal Pictures]], ten years to the month of the original film's release.

== Plot ==
Ten years later, in the Greek island of Kalokairi, Sophie is pregnant with Sky's child while running her mother's villa. Self-conflicted that she can't do it by herself without her mother around, but with Tanya and Rosie's guidance, Sophie will find out more of Donna's past and how she fronted The Dynamos, came to start up her villa on the island, met each one of Sophie’s dads ([[Pierce Brosnan]], [[Stellan Skarsgård]], and [[Colin Firth]]), and raised a daughter, bravely on her own, without a mother to guide her – with an unexpected visit from someone she had not invited or never even met: her grandmother, Ruby Sheridan.

== Cast ==
*[[Amanda Seyfried]] as Sophie Sheridan, Donna's 30-year-old daughter, Sam's stepdaughter, Sky's fiance and Ruby’s granddaughter
*[[Meryl Streep]] as Donna Sheridan Carmichael, Sophie's mother and Ruby’s daughter, owner of the Hotel Bella Donna, wife to Sam
**[[Lily James]] as Young Donna
*[[Christine Baranski]] as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, one of Donna's friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; a rich three-time divorcee
**[[Jessica Keenan Wynn]] as Young Tanya
*[[Julie Walters]] as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna's friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; an unmarried fun-loving author
**[[Alexa Davies]] as Young Rosie
*[[Pierce Brosnan]] as Sam Carmichael, Sophie's stepfather and possible father, an Irish-American architect, Ruby's son-in-law, and husband to Donna
**[[Jeremy Irvine]] as Young Sam
*[[Colin Firth]] as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father and a British banker.
**[[Hugh Skinner]] as Young Harry
*[[Stellan Skarsgård]] as Bill Anderson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer
**Josh Dylan as Young Bill
*[[Cher]] as Ruby Sheridan, Donna's mother and Sophie's grandmother
*[[Dominic Cooper]] as Sky, Sophie's fiance
*[[Andy García]] as Fernando Cienfuegos, the manager of the hotel Bella Donna
*[[Omid Djalili]] as a Greek customs officer
*[[Celia Imrie]] as Vice-Chancellor
*[[Naoko Mori]] as Yumiko
*[[Togo Igawa]] as Tateyama
*[[Maria Vacratsis]] as Sofia
*[[Panos Mouzourakis]] as Lazaros
*[[Gerard Monaco]] as Alexio
*Anna Antoniades as Apollonia
*[[Jonathan Goldsmith]]

==Musical numbers==
The following [[ABBA]] songs have been confirmed to appear in the film, either by [[Benny Andersson]] per his interview on BBC Radio 5 Live,<ref>{{cite interview |last=Andersson|first=Benny|subjectlink=Benny Andersson |interviewer=Sarah Brett and Colin Paterson |title=Afternoon Edition |work=Afternoon Edition |publisher=[[BBC Radio 5 Live]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05kd4px |location=London |date=19 October 2017 |access-date = 27 April 2018}}</ref> or they appeared in the trailers:<ref name="Read-Dominguez">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/mamma-mia/news/a839163/mamma-mia-2-here-we-go-again-abba-songs-list/|title=Mamma Mia 2 Here We Go Again! songs officially revealed by Benny from ABBA|last=Read-Dominguez|first=Jennifer|date=27 September 2017|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref>
# "[[When I Kissed the Teacher]]" from ''[[Arrival (ABBA album)|Arrival]]'' (1976) - Donna and the Dynamos
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson
#:* Fully Released on MammaMiaVevo on YouTube
# "[[Waterloo (ABBA song)|Waterloo]]" from ''[[Waterloo (album)|Waterloo]]'' (1974) - Young Harry, Young Donna
#:* appeared in Grammys TV spot and final trailer
#:* a special version of the rehearsals, filmed in 360° has been posted by Universal Pictures on Youtube
#:* Fully Released on MammaMiaVevo on YouTube
# "[[Dancing Queen]]" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Sophie, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill and Harry
#:* appeared in first trailer, final trailer and confirmed by Benny Andersson
# "[[Mamma Mia (song)|Mamma Mia]]" from ''[[ABBA (album)|ABBA]]'' (1975) - Donna and the Dynamos
#:* appeared in trailers and Grammys TV spot
# "[[Thank You for the Music]]" from ''[[ABBA: The Album]]'' (1977) - confirmed by Benny Andersson
# "[[Angeleyes]]" from ''[[Voulez-Vous]]'' (1979) - Sophie, Rosie, Tanya
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson, appeared in international trailer
# "[[I Have a Dream (song)|I Have a Dream]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - appeared in first trailer and confirmed by Benny Andersson
# "[[Kisses of Fire]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - Sophie, Sky
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus in an interview with [[Aftonbladet]] <ref>{{cite interview |last=Andersson|first=Benny|subjectlink=Benny Andersson |interviewer=Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus |publisher=[[Aftonbladet]]|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/8wonjE/bjorn-och-benny-darfor-gor-vi-ny-musik-med-abba |date=1 May 2018 |access-date = 1 May 2018 |title=Aftonbladet}}</ref>
# "[[Fernando (song)|Fernando]]" non-album single (1976) - Ruby, Fernando
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson in his interview to "Ice-site“
#:* Fully Released on MammaMiaVevo on YouTube
# "[[My Love, My Life]]" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Donna
#:* Mentioned by the site Benny Andersson news
# "Happy Hawaii/Why Did It Have to Be Me?" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Mentioned by the site Benny Andersson news
# "Andante, Andante" from ''Super Trouper'' (1980)
# "[[I've Been Waiting for You (ABBA song)|I’ve Been Waiting For You]]" from ''ABBA'' (1975) - Sophie, Rosie, Tanya
#:* Mentioned by Julie Walters in an interview for the [[Liverpool Echo]]
# "[[Knowing Me, Knowing You]]" from ''Arrival'' (1976) - Sam
#:* Mentioned by Pierce Brosnan and Judy Craymer in unrelated Instagram posts
# "[[The Name of the Game (ABBA song)|The Name Of The Game]]" from ''ABBA: The Album'' (1977) - Mentioned by Lily James and Benny Andersson in unrelated interviews
# "[[Super Trouper (song)|Super Trouper]]" from ''[[Super Trouper (album)|Super Trouper]]'' (1980) - Ruby, Donna, Rosie, Tanya
#:* Mentioned by Cher in an interview
# "[[One of Us (ABBA song)|One of Us]]" from ''The Visitors'' (1981) - Donna and Sophie
#:* Mentioned by Cher in a tweet
# "[[Hole in Your Soul]]" from ''ABBA: The Album'' (1977)
# "[[Hasta Mañana]]" from ''ABBA'' (1975)
# "[[SOS (ABBA song)|SOS]]" from ''ABBA'' (1975)

The following songs have been mentioned but will not included in the final cut of the film:
# "[[I Wonder (Departure)]]" from ''ABBA: The Album'' (1977) - Young Donna
#:* confirmed by Benny Andersson the scene has been filmed but finally will be not in the final cut
# "[[As Good As New]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - Mentioned by guitarist Janne Schaffer on an Aftonbladet podcast
# "[[If It Wasn't for the Nights]]" from ''Voulez-Vous'' (1979) - Mentioned by guitarist Janne Schaffer on an Aftonbladet podcast
# "[[On and On and On]]" from ''Super Trouper'' (1980) - Mentioned by guitarist Janne Schaffer on an Aftonbladet podcast
# "[[Head over Heels (ABBA song)|Head over Heels]]" from ''[[The Visitors (ABBA album)|The Visitors]]'' (1981) Mentioned by Lily James in a interview
# "[[Like an Angel Passing Through My Room]]" from ''The Visitors'' (1981) - Mentioned by Dominic Cooper
# "[[Summer Night City]]" non-album single (1978) - Mentioned by Judy Craymer
# "[[The Way Old Friends Do]]" from ''Super Trouper'' (1980) - Mentioned by Judy Craymer on Instagram

==Production==
===Development===
Due to ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]''{{'s}} financial success, Hollywood studio chief [[David Linde]], co-chairman of [[Universal Pictures]] told ''The Daily Mail'' that it would take a while, but there could be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, [[Catherine Johnson (playwright)|Catherine Johnson]], [[Phyllida Lloyd]], [[Benny Andersson]] and [[Björn Ulvaeus]] agreed to the project, noting that there are still plenty of ABBA songs to use.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author=Baz Bamigboye |title=Baz Bamigboye on a possible Mamma Mia sequel, Kate Winslet, Leonardo DiCaprio and much more |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1078332/Baz-Bamigboye-possible-Mamma-Mia-sequel-Kate-Winslet-Leonardo-DiCaprio-more.html |work=Mail Online |publisher= |date=2008-10-17 |accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref>

''Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again'' was announced on May 19, 2017, with a planned release date of July 20, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bryan Alexander|title='Mamma Mia' sequel 'Here We Go Again' coming next summer|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2017/05/19/mamma-mia-sequel-here-we-go-again-coming-next-summer/101899234/|work=US Today|date=2017-05-19|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> It will be written and directed by [[Ol Parker]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/05/mamma-mia-here-we-go-again-theaters-release-next-summer-1202098572/|title=‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ On Universal Pictures’ 2018 Schedule|author=Anita Busch|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|date=May 19, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> On September 27, 2017, Benny Andersson confirmed 3 ABBA songs that would be featured in the film: "[[When I Kissed the Teacher]]," "[[I Wonder (Departure)]]," and "[[Angeleyes|Angel Eyes]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/mamma-mia/news/a839163/mamma-mia-2-here-we-go-again-abba-songs-list/|title=Mamma Mia 2 Here We Go Again! songs officially revealed by Benny from ABBA|author=Jennifer Read-Dominguez|publisher=Digital Spy|date=September 27, 2017|accessdate=December 4, 2017}}</ref>

===Casting===
On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would be returning as Sophie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/06/amanda-seyfried-joins-mamma-mia-sequel-1202105360/|title=Amanda Seyfried Set For ‘Mamma Mia!’ Reprise|author=Mike Fleming Jr|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|date=June 1, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> Later that month, [[Dominic Cooper]] confirmed in an interview that he would be returning for the sequel along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etonline.com/movies/220110_dominic_cooper_dishes_on_returning_for_mamma_mia_2_it_a_phone_call_i_ve_been_waiting_for/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Dominic Cooper Dishes on Returning for 'Mamma Mia 2': It's 'a Phone Call I've Been Waiting For'|author=Zach Seemayer|publisher=''[[Entertainment Tonight]]''|date=June 22, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> In July 2017, Baranski was confirmed to return as Tanya in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/07/christine-baranski-mamma-mia-2-universal-1202127340/|title=Christine Baranski Returning For Universal’s ‘Mamma Mia!’ Sequel|author=Amanda N'Duka|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=July 12, 2017|accessdate=July 12, 2017}}</ref> On July 12, 2017, [[Lily James]] was cast in the film to play the role of "Young Donna."<ref name="JamesCast">{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Rebecca|title='Mamma Mia' Sequel Adds Lily James (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mamma-mia-sequel-adds-lily-james-1020037|accessdate=July 13, 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=July 12, 2017}}</ref> On August 3, 2017, [[Jeremy Irvine]] and [[Alexa Davies]] were cast in the film with Irvine set to play Brosnan's character Sam in a past era, and Davies would play the role of a young Rosie, played by [[Julie Walters]] in the first film.<ref name="Aug2017D">{{cite news|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|last2=N'Duka|first2=Amanda|title=‘Mamma Mia!’ Sequel Adds Jeremy Irvine & ‘Harlots’ Actress Alexa Davies|url=http://deadline.com/2017/08/mamma-mia-sequel-jeremy-irvine-alexa-davies-universal-1202137014/|accessdate=August 9, 2017|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=August 3, 2017}}</ref> On August 16, 2017, it was announced that Jessica Keenan Wynn (Heather Chandler in the original Off-Broadway cast of ''[[Heathers: The Musical]]'') had been cast as a young Tanya, who was played by Baranski in the first film.<ref>{{cite news|last=McNary|first=Dave|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/broadway-star-jessica-keenan-wynn-mamma-mia-here-we-go-again-1202530120/amp/|title=‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ Casts Broadway Star Jessica Keenan Wynn|accessdate=August 22, 2017|work=Variety|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> [[Julie Walters]] and [[Stellan Skarsgård]] will also reprise their roles as Rosie and Bill, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/881431-here-we-go-again-mamma-mia-sequel-begins-production#/slide/1|title=Here We Go Again: Mamma Mia! Sequel Begins Production|author=Spencer Perry|publisher=Comingsoon.net|date=August 22, 2017|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> On October 16, 2017, it was revealed that American singer/actress [[Cher]] had joined the cast in her first on-screen film role since 2010.<ref name=Cher>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4983372/Cher-return-cinema-appearance-Mamma-Mia-2.html |title=Here she goes again: Cher prepares to return to the big screen with appearance in Mamma Mia 2 |first=Baz |last=Bamigboye |work=[[Daily Mail]] |date=2017-10-16 |accessdate=2017-10-16}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] on the film began on August 12, 2017 in [[Croatia]], including the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]].<ref name="TCN" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=McCreesh|first1=Louise|title=Lily James shares snap of young Dynamos in Mamma Mia 2|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a835456/lily-james-starts-work-on-mamma-mia-2/|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=Digital Spy|date=August 12, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Harrison|first1=Ellie|title=Lily James shares photo from the set of Mamma Mia! sequel|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-08-14/lily-james-shares-photo-from-the-set-of-mamma-mia-sequel|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=RadioTimes|date=August 14, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sommers|first1=Kat|title=First Look: The Dynamos Reunite as ‘Mamma Mia 2’ Starts Filming {{!}} BBC America|url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2017/08/first-look-the-dynamos-reunite-as-mamma-mia-2-starts-filming|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=BBC America|date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name="TCN">{{cite news|last1=Demark|first1=Nikolina|title=Will the Filming of 'Mamma Mia' Affect the Island of Vis?|url=http://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/21239-will-the-filming-of-mamma-mia-affect-the-island-of-vis|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=Total Croatia News|date=August 15, 2017|language=en-gb}}</ref> The cast gathered in October 2017, at [[Shepperton Studios]] in [[Surrey]], [[England]], to film some song and dance numbers with Cher.<ref name=Cher/> Filming wrapped on December 2, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McCreesh|first1=Louise|title=Mamma Mia 2: Here We Go Again! has officially finished filming|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a844588/mamma-mia-2-sequel-here-we-go-again-filming-abba/|accessdate=December 4, 2017|work=Digital Spy|date=December 4, 2017|language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again'' is scheduled to be released on July 20, 2018 by [[Universal Pictures]] in the UK, USA and other selected countries.<ref>{{cite news|title='Mamma Mia!' Film Sequel Gets July 2018 Release Date|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/entertainment/articles/2017-05-19/mamma-mia-film-sequel-gets-july-2018-release-date|accessdate=August 16, 2017|work=US News|date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> The official soundtrack will be released on July 13.

=== Marketing ===
The first trailer for the film was released on December 21, 2017 in front of ''[[Pitch Perfect 3]]'', another film made by Universal Pictures.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
Cher performed Fernando at the Las Vegas CinemaCon on April 25, 2018 after footage of the film was shown.

===Box office projections===
In May 2018, ''[[BoxOffice (magazine)|BoxOffice Magazine]]'' projected the film to gross $25–35 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, and a final domestic total of around $105 million.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://pro.boxoffice.com/long-range-tracking-incredibles-2-surges-equalizer-2-mamma-mia-go/|title= Long Range Tracking: ‘Incredibles 2’ Builds Momentum; Early ‘Equalizer 2’ & ‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ Tracking |last=Robbins|first=Shawn|work=[[BoxOffice (magazine)|BoxOffice]]|date=April 25, 2018|accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{portalbar|cinema of the United States}}
* {{official website|http://www.mammamiamovie.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|6911608}}

{{ABBA}}
{{Ol Parker}}

[[Category:2010s musical comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:2010s sequel films]]
[[Category:ABBA]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American musical comedy films]]
[[Category:American romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:American romantic musical films]]
[[Category:American sequel films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Gary Goetzman]]
[[Category:Films set on islands]]
[[Category:Films shot in Croatia]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Oxfordshire]]
[[Category:Films shot in Surrey]]
[[Category:Jukebox musical films]]
[[Category:Legendary Pictures films]]
[[Category:Playtone films]]
[[Category:Universal Pictures films]]
[[Category:Upcoming sequel films]]

K. Todd Freeman

2018-01-15T22:16:22Z

JDDJS:

{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes|date=June 2013}}{{BLP sources|date=March 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox person
|name=K. Todd Freeman
|image=
|caption=
|birth_name=Kenneth Todd Freeman
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1965|7|9|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Houston, Texas]]
|occupation=Actor
|years_active=1990–present
}}
'''Kenneth Todd Freeman''' (born July 9, 1965) is an American actor. He has been nominated for two [[Tony Award]]s over the course of his career and has won one [[Drama Desk Award]].

==Life and career==
Born in [[Houston, Texas]], Freeman went to the local [[High School for the Performing and Visual Arts]] before later graduating from the [[University of North Carolina School of the Arts]] in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/schools-of-the-stars-where-the-2015-tony-nominees-went-to-college-the-actors-and-actresses-347814|title=Schools of the Stars: Where the 2015 Tony Nominees Went to College: The Actors and Actresses - Playbill|publisher=}}</ref> He is not related to Morgan Freeman.

Freeman has been an ensemble member of the [[Steppenwolf Theatre Company]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]] since 1993.<ref>[http://www.steppenwolf.org/ensemble/members/details.aspx?id=23 Steppenwolf Theatre profile]</ref> In the same year, he was nominated for the [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]] for his lead performance in the [[Apartheid]] drama ''[[The Song of Jacob Zulu]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/k-todd-freeman-departs-visiting-edna|title=K. Todd Freeman Departs Steppenwolf’s Visiting Edna {{!}} Playbill|website=Playbill|language=en|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref> More recently, Freeman has played the role of Doctor Dillamond from ''[[Wicked (musical)|Wicked]]'' in the first North American tour, Chicago and Broadway productions. In 2015, he was nominated for his second Tony Award, this time for [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play|Best Featured Actor in a Play]] as Sissy Na Na in ''[[Airline Highway (play)|Airline Highway]].''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.broadwaybox.com/daily-scoop/heres-how-airline-highways-k-todd-freeman-created-sissy-na-na/|title=Tony Nominee K. Todd Freeman Reveals the Inspirations Behind Airline Highway’s Sissy Na Na|newspaper=BroadwayBox.com|access-date=2017-02-07|language=en}}</ref> He won the [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play]] for the same role.

He has also had supporting roles in various films such as ''[[Grosse Pointe Blank]]'' (1997), ''[[The Cider House Rules]]'' (1999), and ''[[The Dark Knight (film)|The Dark Knight]]'' (2008). On television, he is perhaps best known for his recurring role on ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' as "Mr. Trick".

He portrays [[Arthur Poe|Mr. Poe]] in the 2017 Netflix series ''[[A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)|A Series of Unfortunate Events]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/lemony-snickets-a-series-of-unfortunate-events-a-cautionary-tale-for-those-who-believe-in-comforting-lies|title=Lemony Snicket’s "A Series of Unfortunate Events": A Cautionary Tale for Those Who Believe in Comforting Lies|date=2017-01-27|website=The New Yorker|access-date=2017-02-07}}</ref>

== Work ==

=== Stage ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1993 || ''[[The Song of Jacob Zulu]]'' || Jacob Zulu || Broadway Nominated - [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' || Dr. Spivey || Broadway
|-
| 2013 || ''Fetch Clay, Make Man'' || [[Stepin Fetchit]] || Off-Broadway
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Wicked (musical)|Wicked]]'' || Dr. Dillamond || Broadway
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Airline Highway (play)|Airline Highway]]'' || Sissy Na Na || Broadway [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play]] Nominated - [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play]]
|-
|}

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1990 ||''Street Hunter'' || Pretzel ||
|-
|rowspan=2| 1991 || ''[[Ricochet (film)|Ricochet]]'' || Talk Show Guest ||
|-
|| ''[[Grand Canyon (1991 film)|Grand Canyon]]'' || Wipe ||
|-
| 1994 || ''Full Cycle'' || Clerk ||
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Jeffrey (1995 film)|Jeffrey]]'' || Barney's Waitor ||
|-
|rowspan=2| 1996 || ''[[Eraser (film)|Eraser]]'' || Duton ||
|-
|| ''[[House Arrest (film)|House Arrest]]'' || Officer Davis ||
|-
|rowspan=2| 1997 || ''[[Grosse Point Blank]]'' || Kenneth McCullers ||
|-
|| ''[[The End of Violence]]'' || Six O One ||
|-
|| 1998 || ''Life in the Fast Lane'' || Stan/Suzie ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[The Cider House Rules (film)|The Cider House Rules]]'' || Muddy ||
|-
|rowspan=2| 2008 || ''[[The Dark Knight (film)|The Dark Knight]]'' || Polk ||
|-
| ''[[The Lucky Ones (film)|The Lucky Ones]]'' || Detective # 2 ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' || [[Baxter Stockman]] ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Anesthesia (film)|Anesthesia]]'' || Joe ||
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|rowspan=2| 1991 ||''[[A Different World]]'' || Novian Winters || Episode: "Monet Is the Root of All Evil"
|-
| ''The Killing Mind'' || Fred Robinson || TV movie
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Brooklyn Bridge (TV series)|Brooklyn Bridge]]'' || Scoot || Episode: "On the Road"
|-
|rowspan=2| 1993 || ''Tracey Takes on New York'' || Byron || TV movie
|-
| ''[[Ghostwriter (TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' || Malenga || Episode: "Lost in Brooklyn: Part 1"
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Strange Luck]]'' || Driving Instructor || Episode: "Over Exposure"
|-
| 1995–97 || ''[[NYPD Blue]]'' || Arthur Cartwell || 3 episodes
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Sisters (TV series)|Sisters]]'' || Chardonay/Larry || 2 episodes
|-
| 1996–97 || ''[[Dangerous Minds (TV series)|Dangerous Minds]]'' || Jerome Griffin || 17 episodes
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Touched by an Angel]]'' || Vincent 'Vinegar' Finegar || Episode: "Doodlebugs"
|-
| 1998–99 || ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' || Mr. Trick || 5 episodes
|-
| 2000 || ''[[City of Angels (2000 TV series)|City of Angels]]'' || || Episode: "Cry Me a Liver"
|-
| 2011 || ''[[A Gifted Man]]'' || Officer Dale Woodrow || Episode: "In Case of Exposure"
|-
|rowspan=2| 2014 || ''[[Believe (TV series)|Believe]]'' || Gary Wise || Episode: "Together"
|-
| ''[[Elementary (TV series)|Elementary]]'' || Raphael || Episode: "Terra Pericolosa"
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' || Mr. Reynolds || Episode: "Community Policing"
|-
|rowspan=2| 2016 || ''[[Blindspot (TV series)|Blindspot]]'' || Marcus || Episode: "One Begets Technique"
|-
| ''[[The OA]]'' || Masters || Episode: "Homecoming"
|-
| 2017–present || ''[[A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)|A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' || [[Arthur Poe|Mr. Poe]] || 8 episodes
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0293461|K. Todd Freeman}}
*{{IBDB name}}

{{DramaDesk PlayFeaturedActor}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman, K. Todd}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:African-American male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Houston]]
[[Category:American male stage actors]]
[[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina School of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:High School for the Performing and Visual Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Steppenwolf Theatre Company players]]

Kelli O’Hara

2017-12-03T18:43:42Z

JDDJS:

{{about|the actress and singer|the soccer player|Kelley O'Hara}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Kelli O'Hara
| image = Kelli O'Hara Memorial Day concert.jpg
| caption = O'Hara performing at the [[National Memorial Day Concert]] in May 2010
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1976|4|16}}
| birth_place = [[Elk City, Oklahoma]], U.S.
| occupation = Actress, singer
| years_active = 2001–present
}}

'''Kelli Christine O'Hara''' (born April 16, 1976)<ref>Hernandez, Ernio. [http://www.playbill.com/article/playbillcoms-cue-a-kelli-ohara-com-150726 "Playbill.com's Cue & A: Kelli O'Hara"], ''Playbill'', June 10, 2008, accessed July 13, 2016</ref> is an American actress and singer. She has appeared on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] and [[Off-Broadway]] in many musicals since making her Broadway debut as a replacement in ''[[Jekyll & Hyde (musical)|Jekyll & Hyde]]'' in 2000. A six-time [[Tony Award]] nominee, her first nomination was for [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical|Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] for the 2005 production of ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]''. Her subsequent nominations were for ''[[The Pajama Game]]'' (2006), ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'' (2008), ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]'' (2012) and ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]'' (2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/kelli-ohara-wins-best-actress-tony-sixth-attempt-31602707 |work=ABC News |title=Kelli O'Hara wins best actress Tony on her sixth attempt |date=7 June 2015 |accessdate=8 June 2015}}</ref> before winning the Tony Award for [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical|Best Lead Actress in a Musical]] for the 2015 revival of ''[[The King and I (musical)|The King and I]]''.

== Early life ==
O'Hara grew up in [[Oklahoma]] in an Irish American family.<ref>Kelly, Mary Pat.[http://www.irishabroad.com/irishworld/irishamericamag/octnov08/features/kelli-ohara-octnov08.asp "Broadway's Irish Colleen"]''Irish America'' magazine, Oct/Nov 2008 issue</ref> She graduated from Deer Creek High School and also attended [[Oklahoma City University]], graduating with a bachelor's degree in Music in vocal performance/opera. O'Hara studied voice with [[Florence Birdwell]], who also taught [[Kristin Chenoweth]] four years earlier. O'Hara and Chenoweth are both alumnae of the [[Gamma Phi Beta]] sorority.

==Career==
O'Hara played the role of Young Hattie in the 2001 Broadway revival of ''[[Follies]]'', and then played the role of Young Phyllis.<ref>[http://www.sondheimguide.com/follies.html#2001BR "''Follies'' 2001 Broadway Revival"], sondheimguide.com, accessed May 22, 2014</ref> She next appeared in the 2002 Broadway production of ''[[Sweet Smell of Success (musical)|Sweet Smell of Success]]'' as Susan.<ref>Jones, Kenneth and Simonson, Robert. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/70297-Sweet-Smell-of-Success-Ends-Broadway-Run-June-15 "''Sweet Smell of Success'' Ends Broadway Run June 15"], Playbill.com, June 15, 2002</ref> In 2003 she played Albertine in the Off-Broadway [[Playwrights Horizons]] production of the musical ''My Life With Albertine'',<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/78394-My-Life-With-Albertine-the-Musical-That-Would-Make-Proust-Sing-Opens-March-13 "''My Life With Albertine'', the Musical That Would Make Proust Sing, Opens March 13"], Playbill.com, March 13, 2003</ref> and, in 2004, Lucy Westenra in the Broadway production of the musical ''Dracula''.<ref>Stevens, Beth.[http://www.broadway.com/buzz/11125/kelli-ohara Kelli O'Hara"], broadway.com, September 28, 2004</ref>

She starred as Clara in the 2005 Broadway production of ''The Light in the Piazza'' at [[Lincoln Center]]'s [[Vivian Beaumont Theatre]].<ref>Simonson, Robert.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/92378-Guettel-Lucas-Musical-The-Light-in-the-Piazza-Opens-on-Broadway-April-18 "Guettel-Lucas Musical ''The Light in the Piazza'' Opens on Broadway April 18"], Playbill.com, April 18, 2005</ref> She had appeared in a workshop of the musical at the Theatre Lab at Sundance, and in tryouts in Seattle and Chicago, as the character of Franca.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/94741-DIVA-TALK-A-Chat-with-Piazzas-Kelli-OHara-Plus-News-of-Menzel-Haran-and-Lansbury "Diva Talk: A Chat with ''Piazza's'' Kelli O'Hara Plus News of Menzel, Haran and Lansbury"], Playbill.com, August 26, 2005</ref> She received a 2005 [[Tony Award]] nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical.<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/93334-Doubt-Is-Best-Play-Spamalot-Best-Musical-Butz-Irwin-Clark-Jones-Nichols-Win-2005-Tonys "''Doubt'' Is Best Play, ''Spamalot'' Best Musical; Butz, Irwin, Clark, Jones, Nichols Win 2005 Tonys"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104000204/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/93334-Doubt-Is-Best-Play-Spamalot-Best-Musical-Butz-Irwin-Clark-Jones-Nichols-Win-2005-Tonys |date=2013-11-04 }}, Playbill.com, June 5, 2005</ref> O'Hara has been nominated for, or won, a [[Tony Award]] for every subsequent role she has played on Broadway.<ref name=vault>[http://www.playbillvault.com/Person/Detail/40635/Kelli-OHara "Kelli O'Hara Broadway"], Playbillvault.com, accessed May 7, 2015</ref> In her next Broadway musical, she played Babe in the 2006 revival of ''[[The Pajama Game]]'', for which she was nominated for [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical|Best Leading Actress in a Musical]]. For this performance, ''[[New York Times]]'' reviewer [[Ben Brantley]] wrote that O'Hara "rockets past the promising ingénue status she attained with ''Light in the Piazza''".<ref>Brantley, Ben. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/theater/reviews/24paja.html?pagewanted=all "Theater Review. ''The Pajama Game''"], ''The New York Times'', February 24, 2006</ref>

In 2007, O'Hara played the role of Dot/Marie in the Los Angeles Reprise! concert staging of ''[[Sunday in the Park with George]]''<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/hello-george-sunday-in-the-park-with-felciano-and-ohara-begins-reprise-run-jan-30-com-138066# "Hello, George! ''Sunday in the Park'' – with Felciano and O'Hara – Begins Reprise! Run Jan. 30"], Playbill.com, January 30, 2007, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> and Eliza Doolittle in the New York Philharmonic's semi-staged production of ''[[My Fair Lady (musical)|My Fair Lady]]'' at [[Avery Fisher Hall]].<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/philharmonics-my-fair-lady-dances-into-avery-fisher-hall-march-7-com-139052# "Philharmonic's ''My Fair Lady'' Dances Into Avery Fisher Hall March 7"], Playbill, March 7, 2007, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> She was the voice of producer Beth Totenbag on PBS's 2008 animated series ''[[Click and Clack's As the Wrench Turns]]''.{{cn|date=October 2016}} From 2008 to 2010, O'Hara starred as Nellie Forbush in the Broadway revival of ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'' at Lincoln Center's [[Vivian Beaumont Theater]],<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-returns-to-south-pacific-for-musicals-final-weeks-aug-10-com-170747# "Kelli O'Hara Returns to South Pacific for Musical's Final Weeks Aug. 10"], ''Playbill'', August 10, 2010, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> for which she was nominated for her third Tony Award.<ref>Ku, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/just-the-facts-list-of-2008-tony-award-winners-and-nominees-com-150935# "Just the Facts: List of 2008 Tony Award Winners and Nominees"], Playbill.com, June 16, 2008, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> O'Hara took maternity leave in March 2009 and returned to the musical in October 2009.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/125868.html "Expectant O'Hara to Depart ''South Pacific'' March 8"], playbill.com, February 2, 2009</ref><ref>Glikas, Bruce. [http://www.broadway.com/buzz/welcome-back-kelli-broadway-sweetheart-ohara-returns-south-pacific "Welcome Back, Kelli! Broadway Sweetheart O'Hara Returns to ''South Pacific''"], broadway.com, October 15, 2009</ref>

O'Hara played the role of Ella Peterson in the 2010 [[New York City Center]] ''[[Encores!]]'' concert presentation of ''[[Bells Are Ringing (musical)|Bells Are Ringing]]''.<ref>Kenrick, John. [http://www.musicals101.com/bells2010.htm "''Bells Are Ringing'' Review, November 2010"], musicals101.com, accessed May 23, 2014</ref> She played the role of Ellen in the film ''[[Sex and the City 2]]'' (2010), and in 2011 she appeared in "Mercy", the first episode of the second season of the [[CBS]] show ''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]''.<ref>[https://www.cbspressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/shows/blue-bloods/releases/view?id=29914 "''Blue Bloods'': 'Mercy'"], cbspressexpress.com, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref><ref>Blake, Leslie. [http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/05-2010/sex-and-the-city-2_27591.html "Review. ''Sex and the City 2''"], theatermania.com, May 26, 2010, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref> Also in 2011, she played the role of Amalia in a benefit concert of ''[[She Loves Me]]'', presented by the [[Roundabout Theater Company]], in honor of the company's 20th anniversary. [[Scott Ellis]] directed, and the musical director was [[Paul Gemignani]].<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/she-loves-me-a-90s-hit-for-roundabout-gets-benefit-concert-dec.-5-kelli-oha-185161 "''She Loves Me'', a '90s Hit for Roundabout, Gets Benefit Concert Dec. 5; Kelli O'Hara and Josh Radnor Star"], ''Playbill'', December 5, 2011</ref> She had performed one of the best known songs from the show, "Will He Like Me?", the previous evening at [[Kennedy Center]] in honor of [[Barbara Cook]].<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/updated-patti-lupone-audra-mcdonald-rebecca-luker-kelli-ohara-sutton-foster-paid-tribute-to-barbara-cook-at-kennedy-center-honors-com-185208# "Updated: Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Rebecca Luker, Kelli O'Hara, Sutton Foster Paid Tribute to Barbara Cook at Kennedy Center Honors"], Playbill.com, December 5, 2011</ref>

She starred on Broadway as Billie Bendix in ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]'' from April 2012 to March 2013 and received her fourth Tony Award nomination.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/person/kelli-ohara-vault-0000040635 "Kelli O'Hara Broadway Credits and Awards"], ''Playbill'', retrieved December 31, 2016</ref> In 2012, at the New Year's Eve concert, "Celebrating Marvin Hamlisch", at Lincoln Center, she sang "At the Ballet", from ''[[A Chorus Line]]'', along with [[Audra McDonald]] and [[Megan Hilty]].<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/celebrating-marvin-hamlisch-concert-with-audra-mcdonald-kelli-ohara-raul-es-199440 "Celebrating Marvin Hamlisch Concert, with Audra McDonald, Kelli O'Hara, Raúl Esparza, Josh Groban, Will Be Televised"], Playbill.com, November 5, 2012</ref> In 2013, she played the lead character of Julie in the staged concert of ''[[Carousel (musical)|Carousel]]'' presented by the [[New York Philharmonic]] at Avery Fisher Hall.<ref>Suskin, Steven. [http://www.playbill.com/article/a-memorable-carousel-starring-kelli-ohara-and-nathan-gunn-com-203012 "A Memorable ''Carousel'', Starring Kelli O'Hara and Nathan Gunn"], ''Playbill'', March 1, 2013, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref> From January to May 2014, she starred as Francesca Johnson in the Broadway musical ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]'', for which she received her fifth Tony Award nomination.<ref>Bowgen, Philippe. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/191314-In-Moving-Final-Performance-Speech-Kelli-OHara-Assures-Bridges-Is-By-No-Means-Going-Into-The-Ground "In Moving Final-Performance Speech, Kelli O'Hara Assures ''Bridges'' Is 'By No Means Going Into the Ground'"], Playbill.com, May 19, 2014</ref> Elyse Sommer, the ''CurtainUp.com'' reviewer, noted O'Hara's "superb vocal chops" and her "exquisite" duets with co-star Steven Pasquale.<ref>Sommer, Elyse. [http://www.curtainup.com/bridgesbway14.html "A CurtainUp Review. ''The Bridges of Madison County''"], curtainup.com, accessed May 23, 2014</ref> She played Mrs. Darling in the 2014 [[NBC]] telecast ''[[Peter Pan Live!]]''.<ref>Snetiker, Marc. [http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/09/09/kelli-ohara-peter-pan-live Broadway star Kelli O'Hara joins ''Peter Pan Live'' as Mrs. Darling], ew.com, September 9, 2014</ref> She sang two concerts, titled ''Kelli and Matthew: Home for the Holidays'', in December 2014 at [[Carnegie Hall]] with the [[New York Pops]].<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-and-matthew-morrison-come-home-for-the-holidays-at-carnegie-hall-starting-tonight-com-337746# "Kelli O'Hara and Matthew Morrison Come ''Home for the Holidays'' at Carnegie Hall Starting Tonight"], ''Playbill'', December 19, 2014</ref> On December 31, 2014, O'Hara made her operatic debut at [[The Metropolitan Opera]] as Valencienne in [[Franz Lehár]]'s ''[[The Merry Widow]]'', alongside [[Renee Fleming]] in the title role.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-renee-fleming-and-nathan-gunn-star-in-the-merry-widow-susan-stroman-directs-com-338202# "Kelli O'Hara, Renée Fleming and Nathan Gunn Star in ''The Merry Widow''; Susan Stroman Directs"], ''Playbill'', December 31, 2014, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref>

She returned to Lincoln Center Theatre to star as Anna Leonowens in the Broadway revival of ''[[The King and I]]'' opposite [[Ken Watanabe]] as The King. The production began previews at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre in March 2015 and opened in April 2015. This role won O'Hara her first Tony Award. O'Hara's final performance as Anna was on April 17, 2016.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/exclusive-marin-mazzie-will-succeed-kelli-ohara-in-broadways-king-and-i-386554# "Exclusive: Marin Mazzie Will Succeed Kelli O'Hara in Broadway's ''King and I''"], Playbill.com, February 16, 2016</ref> O'Hara made her solo debut concert at [[Carnegie Hall]] in October 2016<ref>Dziemianowcz, Joe. [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/theater-arts/kelli-o-hara-shares-carnegie-hall-solo-debut-family-friends-article-1.2852160 "Broadway star Kelli O'Hara shares Carnegie Hall solo debut with Barbara Cook, Kristin Chenoweth and, briefly, Hillary Clinton"], ''[[New York Daily News]]'', October 31, 2016</ref> and guest-starred as the recurring character Dody on the fourth season of ''[[Masters of Sex]]''.<ref>Sharma, Nemisha. [http://www.designntrend.com/articles/82375/20160805/masters-of-sex-season-4-spoilers-showtime-show-adds-kelli-ohara-as-bill-masters-ex-lover.htm "''Masters Of Sex'' Season 4 Spoilers: Showtime Show Adds Kelli O'Hara As Bill Masters' Ex-Lover"], ''Design & Trend'', August 5, 2016</ref> She played Fiona in the ''Encores!'' production of ''[[Brigadoon]]'' at New York City Center in November 2017.<ref>Green, Jesse. [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/theater/brigadoon-christopher-wheeldon-city-center-review.html "Review: A Brief ‘Brigadoon’ That’s Almost Like Falling in Love"], ''The New York Times'', November 16, 2017</ref> Jeremy Gerard of ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' called O'Hara's performance "luminous", writing: "O’Hara is impossibly beautiful, vocally and in conveying Fiona’s romantic determination and heartbreak."<ref>Gerard, Jeremy. [http://deadline.com/2017/11/review-brigadoon-with-kelli-ohara-and-aasif-mandvi-1202210985 "Lerner & Loewe's Golden ''Brigadoon'' With Kelli O’Hara and Aasif Mandvi"], ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'', November 17, 2017; and Dziemianowicz, Joe. [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/theater-arts/encores-brigadoon-glows-o-hara-wilson-fairchild-review-article-1.3637455 "Encores! ''Brigadoon'' glows with Kelli O'Hara, Patrick Wilson, Robert Fairchild: theater review"], ''New York Daily News'', November 16, 2017</ref>

O'Hara has been cast in the 2018 season of ''[[13 Reasons Why]]'' to play Jackie, an anti-bullying advocate.<ref>King, Eric. [http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/08/13-reasons-why-season-2-cast "''13 Reasons Why'': Kelli O'Hara, Samantha Logan, more cast in season 2"], ''Entertainment Weekly'', August 8, 2017, accessed November 7, 2017</ref> She has also been cast to reprise her role in ''The King and I'' at the [[London Palladium]] for a limited run from June to September 2018.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/article/broadway-revival-of-the-king-and-i-with-kelli-ohara-and-ken-watanabe-confirms-london-run# "Broadway Revival of ''The King and I'', With Kelli O’Hara and Ken Watanabe, Confirms London Run"], ''Playbill'', November 17, 2017</ref> O'Hara is scheduled to return to Broadway in 2019 in ''[[Kiss Me, Kate]]'' as Lilli Vanessi/Katharine. The production is set to be directed by [[Scott Ellis]] and choreographed by [[Warren Carlyle]]. The revival is produced by the [[Roundabout Theatre Company]], which had produced a benefit concert of the show with O'Hara, Ellis, and Carlyle, in 2016.<ref>Clement, Olivia. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-to-return-to-broadway-in-kiss-me-kate "Kelli O’Hara to Return to Broadway in ''Kiss Me, Kate''"], ''Playbill'', November 6, 2017</ref>

==Personal life==
O'Hara is married to Greg Naughton of [[The Sweet Remains]], son of actor [[James Naughton]]. Their first child, Owen James, was born on June 27, 2009.<ref>Hetrick, Adam.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/130681 "Tony Nominee O'Hara and Naughton Welcome a Son"], Playbill.com, June 29, 2009</ref> The couple has a daughter, Charlotte, born in 2013.<ref>Gioia, Michael. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/182184-Kelli-OHara-and-Greg-Naughton-Welcome-Baby-Girl "Kelli O'Hara and Greg Naughton Welcome Baby Girl"], Playbill.com, September 16, 2013</ref>

== Stage roles ==
[[Image:Kelli O'Hara 2008.jpg|thumb|right|upright|O'Hara at a NYS ARTS Fall Gala in 2008]]
;Broadway
* ''[[Jekyll & Hyde (musical)|Jekyll & Hyde]]'' (2000) as Kate (replacement) / Emma (understudy)
* ''[[Follies]]'' (2001) as Young Hattie/Ensemble, then as Young Phyllis
* ''[[Sweet Smell of Success (musical)|Sweet Smell of Success: The Musical]]'' (2002) as Susan
* ''[[Dracula, the Musical (Wildhorn)|Dracula, the Musical]]'' (2004) as Lucy Westenra
* ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]'' (2005) as Clara Johnson
* ''[[The Pajama Game]]'' (2006) as Babe Williams
* ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'' (2008) as Nellie Forbush
* ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]'' (2012) as Billie Bendix
* ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]'' (2014) as Francesca Johnson
* ''[[The King and I]]'' (2015) as Anna Leonowens


;Off-Broadway and regional theatre
* ''Beauty'' by Tina Landau (2003) ([[La Jolla Playhouse]])<ref>Hernandez, Ernio. [http://www.playbill.com/article/sleeper-danieley-and-ohara-star-in-world-premiere-fairy-tale-beauty-at-la-jolla-sept-16-oct-19-com-115239# "Sleeper: Danieley and O'Hara Star in World Premiere Fairy Tale 'Beauty' at La Jolla, Sept. 16-Oct. 19"], ''Playbill'', September 13, 2003</ref>
* ''[[My Life with Albertine]]'' (2003) as Albertine (Off-Broadway)
* ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]'' (2004) as Franca (in Seattle and Chicago)
* ''[[Far from Heaven (musical)|Far From Heaven]]'' (2012) as Cathy Whitaker (developmental premiere, [[Williamstown Theatre Festival]])<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/167313-Far-From-Heaven-With-Kelli-OHara-Tests-Its-Wings-in-Williamstown-Starting-July-19 "'Far From Heaven', With Kelli O'Hara, Tests Its Wings in Williamstown Starting July 19"], Playbill.com, July 19, 2012</ref>

;Operatic repertoire
* ''[[The Merry Widow]]'' by [[Franz Lehár]] (2014) as Valencienne (The Metropolitan Opera)
* ''[[Dido and Aeneas]]'' by [[Henry Purcell]] (2016) as Dido ([[MasterVoices]] and the [[Orchestra of St. Luke's]])<ref>Tommasini, Anthony. [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/arts/music/review-kelli-oharas-operatic-turn-in-dido-and-aeneas.html?_r=0 "Review: Kelli O'Hara’s Operatic Turn in ''Dido and Aeneas''"], ''The New York Times'', April 29, 2016, accessed July 19, 2017</ref>

== Discography ==
*2008 ''[[Wonder in the World]]''
*2011 ''Always''

;Cast recordings
* 2002 ''[[Sweet Smell of Success]]''
* 2003 ''[[My Life with Albertine]]''
* 2005 ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]''
* 2006 ''[[Harry on Broadway, Act I]]''—two-disc set: 1. Original [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] cast recording ''[[The Pajama Game]]''; 2. Songs from ''[[Thou Shalt Not (musical)|Thou Shalt Not]]'', [[Harry Connick, Jr.]] featuring Kelli O'Hara
* 2008 ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]''
* 2012 ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]''
* 2014 ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]''
* 2015 ''[[The King and I (musical)|The King and I]]''

;Soundtracks
* 2014 ''[[Peter Pan Live!]]''

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominated work !! Result
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| 2005
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="2"| ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 2006
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[The Pajama Game]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 2008
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 2012
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama League Award]]
| Distinguished Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 2014
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="4"| ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama League Award]]
| Distinguished Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 2015
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[The King and I]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Drama League Award]]
| Distinguished Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.kelliohara.com/ Official site]
* {{IMDb name|0641290}} 
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{iobdb name|16838}}
* [https://soundcloud.com/american-theatre-wing/episode99 Kelli O'Hara from ''The Pajama Game'']: ''Downstage Center'' interview at [[American Theatre Wing|American Theatre Wing.org]]
* [http://www.broadway.com/gen/Buzz_Story.aspx?ci=42200 Kelli O'Hara Interview by Beth Stevens on Broadway.com]

{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohara, Kelli}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Oklahoma City University alumni]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century American singers]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:Singers from Oklahoma]]

Kelli O’Hara

2017-12-03T18:43:16Z

JDDJS: /* Early life */Separating early and personal life

{{about|the actress and singer|the soccer player|Kelley O'Hara}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Kelli O'Hara
| image = Kelli O'Hara Memorial Day concert.jpg
| caption = O'Hara performing at the [[National Memorial Day Concert]] in May 2010
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1976|4|16}}
| birth_place = [[Elk City, Oklahoma]], U.S.
| occupation = Actress, singer
| years_active = 2001–present
}}

'''Kelli Christine O'Hara''' (born April 16, 1976)<ref>Hernandez, Ernio. [http://www.playbill.com/article/playbillcoms-cue-a-kelli-ohara-com-150726 "Playbill.com's Cue & A: Kelli O'Hara"], ''Playbill'', June 10, 2008, accessed July 13, 2016</ref> is an American actress and singer. She has appeared on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] and [[Off-Broadway]] in many musicals since making her Broadway debut as a replacement in ''[[Jekyll & Hyde (musical)|Jekyll & Hyde]]'' in 2000. A six-time [[Tony Award]] nominee, her first nomination was for [[Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical|Best Featured Actress in a Musical]] for the 2005 production of ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]''. Her subsequent nominations were for ''[[The Pajama Game]]'' (2006), ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'' (2008), ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]'' (2012) and ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]'' (2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/kelli-ohara-wins-best-actress-tony-sixth-attempt-31602707 |work=ABC News |title=Kelli O'Hara wins best actress Tony on her sixth attempt |date=7 June 2015 |accessdate=8 June 2015}}</ref> before winning the Tony Award for [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical|Best Lead Actress in a Musical]] for the 2015 revival of ''[[The King and I (musical)|The King and I]]''.

== Early life ==
O'Hara grew up in [[Oklahoma]] in an Irish American family.<ref>Kelly, Mary Pat.[http://www.irishabroad.com/irishworld/irishamericamag/octnov08/features/kelli-ohara-octnov08.asp "Broadway's Irish Colleen"]''Irish America'' magazine, Oct/Nov 2008 issue</ref> She graduated from Deer Creek High School and also attended [[Oklahoma City University]], graduating with a bachelor's degree in Music in vocal performance/opera. O'Hara studied voice with [[Florence Birdwell]], who also taught [[Kristin Chenoweth]] four years earlier. O'Hara and Chenoweth are both alumnae of the [[Gamma Phi Beta]] sorority.

==Career==
O'Hara played the role of Young Hattie in the 2001 Broadway revival of ''[[Follies]]'', and then played the role of Young Phyllis.<ref>[http://www.sondheimguide.com/follies.html#2001BR "''Follies'' 2001 Broadway Revival"], sondheimguide.com, accessed May 22, 2014</ref> She next appeared in the 2002 Broadway production of ''[[Sweet Smell of Success (musical)|Sweet Smell of Success]]'' as Susan.<ref>Jones, Kenneth and Simonson, Robert. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/70297-Sweet-Smell-of-Success-Ends-Broadway-Run-June-15 "''Sweet Smell of Success'' Ends Broadway Run June 15"], Playbill.com, June 15, 2002</ref> In 2003 she played Albertine in the Off-Broadway [[Playwrights Horizons]] production of the musical ''My Life With Albertine'',<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/78394-My-Life-With-Albertine-the-Musical-That-Would-Make-Proust-Sing-Opens-March-13 "''My Life With Albertine'', the Musical That Would Make Proust Sing, Opens March 13"], Playbill.com, March 13, 2003</ref> and, in 2004, Lucy Westenra in the Broadway production of the musical ''Dracula''.<ref>Stevens, Beth.[http://www.broadway.com/buzz/11125/kelli-ohara Kelli O'Hara"], broadway.com, September 28, 2004</ref>

She starred as Clara in the 2005 Broadway production of ''The Light in the Piazza'' at [[Lincoln Center]]'s [[Vivian Beaumont Theatre]].<ref>Simonson, Robert.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/92378-Guettel-Lucas-Musical-The-Light-in-the-Piazza-Opens-on-Broadway-April-18 "Guettel-Lucas Musical ''The Light in the Piazza'' Opens on Broadway April 18"], Playbill.com, April 18, 2005</ref> She had appeared in a workshop of the musical at the Theatre Lab at Sundance, and in tryouts in Seattle and Chicago, as the character of Franca.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/94741-DIVA-TALK-A-Chat-with-Piazzas-Kelli-OHara-Plus-News-of-Menzel-Haran-and-Lansbury "Diva Talk: A Chat with ''Piazza's'' Kelli O'Hara Plus News of Menzel, Haran and Lansbury"], Playbill.com, August 26, 2005</ref> She received a 2005 [[Tony Award]] nomination for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical.<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/93334-Doubt-Is-Best-Play-Spamalot-Best-Musical-Butz-Irwin-Clark-Jones-Nichols-Win-2005-Tonys "''Doubt'' Is Best Play, ''Spamalot'' Best Musical; Butz, Irwin, Clark, Jones, Nichols Win 2005 Tonys"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104000204/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/93334-Doubt-Is-Best-Play-Spamalot-Best-Musical-Butz-Irwin-Clark-Jones-Nichols-Win-2005-Tonys |date=2013-11-04 }}, Playbill.com, June 5, 2005</ref> O'Hara has been nominated for, or won, a [[Tony Award]] for every subsequent role she has played on Broadway.<ref name=vault>[http://www.playbillvault.com/Person/Detail/40635/Kelli-OHara "Kelli O'Hara Broadway"], Playbillvault.com, accessed May 7, 2015</ref> In her next Broadway musical, she played Babe in the 2006 revival of ''[[The Pajama Game]]'', for which she was nominated for [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical|Best Leading Actress in a Musical]]. For this performance, ''[[New York Times]]'' reviewer [[Ben Brantley]] wrote that O'Hara "rockets past the promising ingénue status she attained with ''Light in the Piazza''".<ref>Brantley, Ben. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/theater/reviews/24paja.html?pagewanted=all "Theater Review. ''The Pajama Game''"], ''The New York Times'', February 24, 2006</ref>

In 2007, O'Hara played the role of Dot/Marie in the Los Angeles Reprise! concert staging of ''[[Sunday in the Park with George]]''<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/hello-george-sunday-in-the-park-with-felciano-and-ohara-begins-reprise-run-jan-30-com-138066# "Hello, George! ''Sunday in the Park'' – with Felciano and O'Hara – Begins Reprise! Run Jan. 30"], Playbill.com, January 30, 2007, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> and Eliza Doolittle in the New York Philharmonic's semi-staged production of ''[[My Fair Lady (musical)|My Fair Lady]]'' at [[Avery Fisher Hall]].<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/philharmonics-my-fair-lady-dances-into-avery-fisher-hall-march-7-com-139052# "Philharmonic's ''My Fair Lady'' Dances Into Avery Fisher Hall March 7"], Playbill, March 7, 2007, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> She was the voice of producer Beth Totenbag on PBS's 2008 animated series ''[[Click and Clack's As the Wrench Turns]]''.{{cn|date=October 2016}} From 2008 to 2010, O'Hara starred as Nellie Forbush in the Broadway revival of ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'' at Lincoln Center's [[Vivian Beaumont Theater]],<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-returns-to-south-pacific-for-musicals-final-weeks-aug-10-com-170747# "Kelli O'Hara Returns to South Pacific for Musical's Final Weeks Aug. 10"], ''Playbill'', August 10, 2010, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> for which she was nominated for her third Tony Award.<ref>Ku, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/just-the-facts-list-of-2008-tony-award-winners-and-nominees-com-150935# "Just the Facts: List of 2008 Tony Award Winners and Nominees"], Playbill.com, June 16, 2008, retrieved November 17, 2017</ref> O'Hara took maternity leave in March 2009 and returned to the musical in October 2009.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/125868.html "Expectant O'Hara to Depart ''South Pacific'' March 8"], playbill.com, February 2, 2009</ref><ref>Glikas, Bruce. [http://www.broadway.com/buzz/welcome-back-kelli-broadway-sweetheart-ohara-returns-south-pacific "Welcome Back, Kelli! Broadway Sweetheart O'Hara Returns to ''South Pacific''"], broadway.com, October 15, 2009</ref>

O'Hara played the role of Ella Peterson in the 2010 [[New York City Center]] ''[[Encores!]]'' concert presentation of ''[[Bells Are Ringing (musical)|Bells Are Ringing]]''.<ref>Kenrick, John. [http://www.musicals101.com/bells2010.htm "''Bells Are Ringing'' Review, November 2010"], musicals101.com, accessed May 23, 2014</ref> She played the role of Ellen in the film ''[[Sex and the City 2]]'' (2010), and in 2011 she appeared in "Mercy", the first episode of the second season of the [[CBS]] show ''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]''.<ref>[https://www.cbspressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/shows/blue-bloods/releases/view?id=29914 "''Blue Bloods'': 'Mercy'"], cbspressexpress.com, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref><ref>Blake, Leslie. [http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/05-2010/sex-and-the-city-2_27591.html "Review. ''Sex and the City 2''"], theatermania.com, May 26, 2010, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref> Also in 2011, she played the role of Amalia in a benefit concert of ''[[She Loves Me]]'', presented by the [[Roundabout Theater Company]], in honor of the company's 20th anniversary. [[Scott Ellis]] directed, and the musical director was [[Paul Gemignani]].<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/she-loves-me-a-90s-hit-for-roundabout-gets-benefit-concert-dec.-5-kelli-oha-185161 "''She Loves Me'', a '90s Hit for Roundabout, Gets Benefit Concert Dec. 5; Kelli O'Hara and Josh Radnor Star"], ''Playbill'', December 5, 2011</ref> She had performed one of the best known songs from the show, "Will He Like Me?", the previous evening at [[Kennedy Center]] in honor of [[Barbara Cook]].<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/updated-patti-lupone-audra-mcdonald-rebecca-luker-kelli-ohara-sutton-foster-paid-tribute-to-barbara-cook-at-kennedy-center-honors-com-185208# "Updated: Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Rebecca Luker, Kelli O'Hara, Sutton Foster Paid Tribute to Barbara Cook at Kennedy Center Honors"], Playbill.com, December 5, 2011</ref>

She starred on Broadway as Billie Bendix in ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]'' from April 2012 to March 2013 and received her fourth Tony Award nomination.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/person/kelli-ohara-vault-0000040635 "Kelli O'Hara Broadway Credits and Awards"], ''Playbill'', retrieved December 31, 2016</ref> In 2012, at the New Year's Eve concert, "Celebrating Marvin Hamlisch", at Lincoln Center, she sang "At the Ballet", from ''[[A Chorus Line]]'', along with [[Audra McDonald]] and [[Megan Hilty]].<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/celebrating-marvin-hamlisch-concert-with-audra-mcdonald-kelli-ohara-raul-es-199440 "Celebrating Marvin Hamlisch Concert, with Audra McDonald, Kelli O'Hara, Raúl Esparza, Josh Groban, Will Be Televised"], Playbill.com, November 5, 2012</ref> In 2013, she played the lead character of Julie in the staged concert of ''[[Carousel (musical)|Carousel]]'' presented by the [[New York Philharmonic]] at Avery Fisher Hall.<ref>Suskin, Steven. [http://www.playbill.com/article/a-memorable-carousel-starring-kelli-ohara-and-nathan-gunn-com-203012 "A Memorable ''Carousel'', Starring Kelli O'Hara and Nathan Gunn"], ''Playbill'', March 1, 2013, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref> From January to May 2014, she starred as Francesca Johnson in the Broadway musical ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]'', for which she received her fifth Tony Award nomination.<ref>Bowgen, Philippe. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/191314-In-Moving-Final-Performance-Speech-Kelli-OHara-Assures-Bridges-Is-By-No-Means-Going-Into-The-Ground "In Moving Final-Performance Speech, Kelli O'Hara Assures ''Bridges'' Is 'By No Means Going Into the Ground'"], Playbill.com, May 19, 2014</ref> Elyse Sommer, the ''CurtainUp.com'' reviewer, noted O'Hara's "superb vocal chops" and her "exquisite" duets with co-star Steven Pasquale.<ref>Sommer, Elyse. [http://www.curtainup.com/bridgesbway14.html "A CurtainUp Review. ''The Bridges of Madison County''"], curtainup.com, accessed May 23, 2014</ref> She played Mrs. Darling in the 2014 [[NBC]] telecast ''[[Peter Pan Live!]]''.<ref>Snetiker, Marc. [http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/09/09/kelli-ohara-peter-pan-live Broadway star Kelli O'Hara joins ''Peter Pan Live'' as Mrs. Darling], ew.com, September 9, 2014</ref> She sang two concerts, titled ''Kelli and Matthew: Home for the Holidays'', in December 2014 at [[Carnegie Hall]] with the [[New York Pops]].<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-and-matthew-morrison-come-home-for-the-holidays-at-carnegie-hall-starting-tonight-com-337746# "Kelli O'Hara and Matthew Morrison Come ''Home for the Holidays'' at Carnegie Hall Starting Tonight"], ''Playbill'', December 19, 2014</ref> On December 31, 2014, O'Hara made her operatic debut at [[The Metropolitan Opera]] as Valencienne in [[Franz Lehár]]'s ''[[The Merry Widow]]'', alongside [[Renee Fleming]] in the title role.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-renee-fleming-and-nathan-gunn-star-in-the-merry-widow-susan-stroman-directs-com-338202# "Kelli O'Hara, Renée Fleming and Nathan Gunn Star in ''The Merry Widow''; Susan Stroman Directs"], ''Playbill'', December 31, 2014, retrieved December 31, 2016</ref>

She returned to Lincoln Center Theatre to star as Anna Leonowens in the Broadway revival of ''[[The King and I]]'' opposite [[Ken Watanabe]] as The King. The production began previews at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre in March 2015 and opened in April 2015. This role won O'Hara her first Tony Award. O'Hara's final performance as Anna was on April 17, 2016.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/exclusive-marin-mazzie-will-succeed-kelli-ohara-in-broadways-king-and-i-386554# "Exclusive: Marin Mazzie Will Succeed Kelli O'Hara in Broadway's ''King and I''"], Playbill.com, February 16, 2016</ref> O'Hara made her solo debut concert at [[Carnegie Hall]] in October 2016<ref>Dziemianowcz, Joe. [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/theater-arts/kelli-o-hara-shares-carnegie-hall-solo-debut-family-friends-article-1.2852160 "Broadway star Kelli O'Hara shares Carnegie Hall solo debut with Barbara Cook, Kristin Chenoweth and, briefly, Hillary Clinton"], ''[[New York Daily News]]'', October 31, 2016</ref> and guest-starred as the recurring character Dody on the fourth season of ''[[Masters of Sex]]''.<ref>Sharma, Nemisha. [http://www.designntrend.com/articles/82375/20160805/masters-of-sex-season-4-spoilers-showtime-show-adds-kelli-ohara-as-bill-masters-ex-lover.htm "''Masters Of Sex'' Season 4 Spoilers: Showtime Show Adds Kelli O'Hara As Bill Masters' Ex-Lover"], ''Design & Trend'', August 5, 2016</ref> She played Fiona in the ''Encores!'' production of ''[[Brigadoon]]'' at New York City Center in November 2017.<ref>Green, Jesse. [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/theater/brigadoon-christopher-wheeldon-city-center-review.html "Review: A Brief ‘Brigadoon’ That’s Almost Like Falling in Love"], ''The New York Times'', November 16, 2017</ref> Jeremy Gerard of ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' called O'Hara's performance "luminous", writing: "O’Hara is impossibly beautiful, vocally and in conveying Fiona’s romantic determination and heartbreak."<ref>Gerard, Jeremy. [http://deadline.com/2017/11/review-brigadoon-with-kelli-ohara-and-aasif-mandvi-1202210985 "Lerner & Loewe's Golden ''Brigadoon'' With Kelli O’Hara and Aasif Mandvi"], ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'', November 17, 2017; and Dziemianowicz, Joe. [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/theater-arts/encores-brigadoon-glows-o-hara-wilson-fairchild-review-article-1.3637455 "Encores! ''Brigadoon'' glows with Kelli O'Hara, Patrick Wilson, Robert Fairchild: theater review"], ''New York Daily News'', November 16, 2017</ref>

O'Hara has been cast in the 2018 season of ''[[13 Reasons Why]]'' to play Jackie, an anti-bullying advocate.<ref>King, Eric. [http://ew.com/tv/2017/08/08/13-reasons-why-season-2-cast "''13 Reasons Why'': Kelli O'Hara, Samantha Logan, more cast in season 2"], ''Entertainment Weekly'', August 8, 2017, accessed November 7, 2017</ref> She has also been cast to reprise her role in ''The King and I'' at the [[London Palladium]] for a limited run from June to September 2018.<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/article/broadway-revival-of-the-king-and-i-with-kelli-ohara-and-ken-watanabe-confirms-london-run# "Broadway Revival of ''The King and I'', With Kelli O’Hara and Ken Watanabe, Confirms London Run"], ''Playbill'', November 17, 2017</ref> O'Hara is scheduled to return to Broadway in 2019 in ''[[Kiss Me, Kate]]'' as Lilli Vanessi/Katharine. The production is set to be directed by [[Scott Ellis]] and choreographed by [[Warren Carlyle]]. The revival is produced by the [[Roundabout Theatre Company]], which had produced a benefit concert of the show with O'Hara, Ellis, and Carlyle, in 2016.<ref>Clement, Olivia. [http://www.playbill.com/article/kelli-ohara-to-return-to-broadway-in-kiss-me-kate "Kelli O’Hara to Return to Broadway in ''Kiss Me, Kate''"], ''Playbill'', November 6, 2017</ref>

== Stage roles ==
[[Image:Kelli O'Hara 2008.jpg|thumb|right|upright|O'Hara at a NYS ARTS Fall Gala in 2008]]
;Broadway
* ''[[Jekyll & Hyde (musical)|Jekyll & Hyde]]'' (2000) as Kate (replacement) / Emma (understudy)
* ''[[Follies]]'' (2001) as Young Hattie/Ensemble, then as Young Phyllis
* ''[[Sweet Smell of Success (musical)|Sweet Smell of Success: The Musical]]'' (2002) as Susan
* ''[[Dracula, the Musical (Wildhorn)|Dracula, the Musical]]'' (2004) as Lucy Westenra
* ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]'' (2005) as Clara Johnson
* ''[[The Pajama Game]]'' (2006) as Babe Williams
* ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]'' (2008) as Nellie Forbush
* ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]'' (2012) as Billie Bendix
* ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]'' (2014) as Francesca Johnson
* ''[[The King and I]]'' (2015) as Anna Leonowens


;Off-Broadway and regional theatre
* ''Beauty'' by Tina Landau (2003) ([[La Jolla Playhouse]])<ref>Hernandez, Ernio. [http://www.playbill.com/article/sleeper-danieley-and-ohara-star-in-world-premiere-fairy-tale-beauty-at-la-jolla-sept-16-oct-19-com-115239# "Sleeper: Danieley and O'Hara Star in World Premiere Fairy Tale 'Beauty' at La Jolla, Sept. 16-Oct. 19"], ''Playbill'', September 13, 2003</ref>
* ''[[My Life with Albertine]]'' (2003) as Albertine (Off-Broadway)
* ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]'' (2004) as Franca (in Seattle and Chicago)
* ''[[Far from Heaven (musical)|Far From Heaven]]'' (2012) as Cathy Whitaker (developmental premiere, [[Williamstown Theatre Festival]])<ref>Hetrick, Adam. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/167313-Far-From-Heaven-With-Kelli-OHara-Tests-Its-Wings-in-Williamstown-Starting-July-19 "'Far From Heaven', With Kelli O'Hara, Tests Its Wings in Williamstown Starting July 19"], Playbill.com, July 19, 2012</ref>

;Operatic repertoire
* ''[[The Merry Widow]]'' by [[Franz Lehár]] (2014) as Valencienne (The Metropolitan Opera)
* ''[[Dido and Aeneas]]'' by [[Henry Purcell]] (2016) as Dido ([[MasterVoices]] and the [[Orchestra of St. Luke's]])<ref>Tommasini, Anthony. [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/arts/music/review-kelli-oharas-operatic-turn-in-dido-and-aeneas.html?_r=0 "Review: Kelli O'Hara’s Operatic Turn in ''Dido and Aeneas''"], ''The New York Times'', April 29, 2016, accessed July 19, 2017</ref>

== Discography ==
*2008 ''[[Wonder in the World]]''
*2011 ''Always''

;Cast recordings
* 2002 ''[[Sweet Smell of Success]]''
* 2003 ''[[My Life with Albertine]]''
* 2005 ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]''
* 2006 ''[[Harry on Broadway, Act I]]''—two-disc set: 1. Original [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] cast recording ''[[The Pajama Game]]''; 2. Songs from ''[[Thou Shalt Not (musical)|Thou Shalt Not]]'', [[Harry Connick, Jr.]] featuring Kelli O'Hara
* 2008 ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]''
* 2012 ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]''
* 2014 ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]''
* 2015 ''[[The King and I (musical)|The King and I]]''

;Soundtracks
* 2014 ''[[Peter Pan Live!]]''

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominated work !! Result
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| 2005
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="2"| ''[[The Light in the Piazza (musical)|The Light in the Piazza]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 2006
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[The Pajama Game]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 2008
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 2012
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Nice Work If You Can Get It (musical)|Nice Work If You Can Get It]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama League Award]]
| Distinguished Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 2014
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="4"| ''[[The Bridges of Madison County (musical)|The Bridges of Madison County]]''
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical|Outstanding Actress in a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama League Award]]
| Distinguished Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 2015
| [[Tony Award]]
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[The King and I]]''
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Drama League Award]]
| Distinguished Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
| Outstanding Actress in a Musical
| {{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.kelliohara.com/ Official site]
* {{IMDb name|0641290}} 
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{iobdb name|16838}}
* [https://soundcloud.com/american-theatre-wing/episode99 Kelli O'Hara from ''The Pajama Game'']: ''Downstage Center'' interview at [[American Theatre Wing|American Theatre Wing.org]]
* [http://www.broadway.com/gen/Buzz_Story.aspx?ci=42200 Kelli O'Hara Interview by Beth Stevens on Broadway.com]

{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohara, Kelli}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Oklahoma City University alumni]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century American singers]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:Singers from Oklahoma]]

A Hat in Time

2017-11-28T03:02:32Z

JDDJS: /* Development */

{{Infobox video game
| title = A Hat in Time
| image = A Hat in Time logo.png
| caption =
| developer = Gears for Breakfast
| publisher = [[Humble Bundle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/02/09/humble-bundle-becomes-a-games-publisher|title=Humble Bundle Becomes a Games Publisher|website=IGN.com|accessdate=2017-02-10}}</ref>
| series =
| engine = [[Unreal Engine 3]]
| platforms = [[macOS]] [[Microsoft Windows]] [[PlayStation 4]] [[Xbox One]]
| released = '''Windows''', '''macOS'''{{vgrelease|WW|October 5, 2017}} '''PlayStation 4''', '''Xbox One'''{{vgrelease|WW|December 6, 2017}}
| genre = [[Platform game|Platforming]], [[Adventure game|action-adventure]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
| director = Jonas Kaerlev
| producer =
| designer = Jonas Kaerlev Aaron Lomas
| programmer = Jonas Kaerlev
| artist = Jenna Brown William T. Nicholls Luigi Lucarelli Sieger Vink
| writer = Jonas Kaerlev Aaron Lomas
| composer = Pascal Michael Stiefel
}}

'''''A Hat in Time''''' is a [[platform game]] developed by Gears for Breakfast and published by [[Humble Bundle]] for [[macOS]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 4]], and [[Xbox One]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/jonaskaerlev/a-hat-in-time-3d-collect-a-thon-platformer/posts/1946963|title=ANNOUNCEMENT: A Hat in Time coming to PS4 and XBOX ONE this Fall!|publisher=Kickstarter|accessdate=October 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="MeetTheTeam">{{cite web |url=http://hatintime.com/blog/meet-the-team/ |title=Meet the Team |website=Hatintime.com |publisher=Gears for Breakfast |accessdate=2014-03-18}}</ref><ref name=gs>{{cite web|first=Jonathan|last=Toyad|url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/denmark-studio-opens-kickstarter-for-a-hat-in-time-6409095|title=Denmark studio opens Kickstarter for A Hat in Time|publisher=[[GameSpot]]|date=2013-06-02|accessdate=2013-06-25}}</ref> The game was made using [[Unreal Engine 3]] and funded through a [[Kickstarter]] campaign, which doubled its fundraising goals within its first two days.<ref name=joystiq>{{cite web|first=Richard|last=Mitchell|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2013/05/30/a-hat-in-time-winds-up-on-kickstarter-wakes-memories-of-games-g/|title=A Hat in Time winds up on Kickstarter, wakes memories of games gone by|publisher=[[Joystiq]]|date=2013-05-30|accessdate=2013-06-25}}</ref> It is based on earlier 3D platformers for the [[Nintendo 64]] and [[GameCube]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Tweet Number 865911187615223808 |url= https://twitter.com/HatInTime/status/865911187615223808 |author= A Hat in Time |date= 20 May 2017|accessdate= 21 May 2017 |quote= While A Hat in Time is inspired by GameCube games like Super Mario Sunshine, we guarantee that no one in A Hat in Time is a chuckster |work= [[Twitter]] }}</ref> such as ''[[Super Mario 64]]'', ''[[Banjo-Kazooie]]'', and ''[[Super Mario Sunshine]]''.<ref name=EG1>{{cite web|last=Matulef|first=Jeffrey|title=A Hat in Time channels Wind Waker's aesthetic for a PC and Mac platformer|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-11-16-a-hat-in-time-channels-wind-wakers-aesthetic-for-a-pc-platformer|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|date=2012-11-16|accessdate=2013-06-28}}</ref><ref name=MainSite>{{cite web|url=http://hatintime.com|title=A Hat in Time - Quirky 3D Platformer!|publisher=Gears for Breakfast|accessdate=2015-09-14}}</ref> The game was released for [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[macOS]] in October 2017, and will be released for the [[PlayStation 4]] and [[Xbox One]] two months later.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=HatInTime |number=935193163857383424 |date=November 27, 2017 |title=A Hat in Time is releasing for #XboxOne and #Playstation4 on December 6th! That's right, next week.}}</ref>

==Plot==
''A Hat in Time'' follows Hat Kid, a young girl trying to return to her home world via spaceship. While on her journey, she passes over a planet, and a member of the planet's Mafia comes to collect a toll for the Mafia Town government. The Mafia man busts the spaceship door open, causing Hat Kid and all of her "Time Pieces", magical hourglasses that power her ship, to fall to the planet below. Hat Kid lands in Mafia Town and meets Mustache Girl, a local troublemaker who hates "bad guys". Mustache Girl agrees to look for the missing Time Pieces in exchange for Hat Kid's help fighting the Mafia, and the two defeat the Mafia Boss. When Mustache Girl realizes the Time Pieces can rewind time, she wants to use them to become a time-traveling superhero, but Hat Kid refuses due to the dangers of manipulating time. Angered, Mustache Girl declares the two enemies and sets off to find the Time Pieces on her own.

Hat Kid ventures across the planet looking for Time Pieces and encounters many foes, including two birds competing for a movie award, a malevolent spirit that steals Hat Kid's soul, and a group of mountain villagers infected by a dangerous plague, ultimately befriending them all. While Hat Kid is exploring, Mustache Girl breaks into her ship and steals her Time Pieces, using them to turn the planet into a fiery inferno where her word is law. Hat Kid confronts her, but Mustache Girl uses the Time Pieces to open a time rift and make herself all-powerful. The enemies Hat Kid has fought come to her aid in battle, ultimately deciding to destroy themselves so that Hat Kid can use the Pons they drop to power herself up. Hat Kid finally defeats Mustache Girl and uses the Time Pieces to restore the planet to normal and revive all those who were killed. Though her former foes are sad to see her leave, Hat Kid restores the Time Pieces to her vault and resumes her voyage home.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-05-31-wind-waker-esque-platformer-a-hat-in-time-soars-on-kickstarter| title=Wind Waker-esque platformer A Hat in Time soars on Kickstarter| last=Matulef| first=Jeffrey| publisher=[[Eurogamer]]| date=2012-05-31| accessdate=2013-06-25}}</ref><ref name=destruct>{{cite web|first=Patrick|last=Hancock|url=http://www.destructoid.com/a-hat-in-time-needs-to-be-on-your-radar-242585.phtml|title=A Hat in Time needs to be on your radar|publisher=[[Destructoid]]|date=2013-01-17|accessdate=2013-06-25}}</ref>

==Gameplay==
The gameplay style has been described by several editors to be similar to Nintendo 64 platformers such as ''Super Mario 64'' and ''Banjo-Kazooie''.<ref name=Kotaku>{{cite web|first=Patricia|last=Hernandez|url=http://kotaku.com/it-looks-like-wind-waker-and-plays-like-super-mario-64-510553007|title=It Looks Like Wind Waker and Plays Like Super Mario 64. Fantastic.|publisher=[[Kotaku]]|date=2013-05-30|accessdate=2013-06-27}}</ref><ref name=PCGamer>{{cite web|first=Omri|last=Petitte|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/2012/11/16/a-hat-in-time-is-a-collect-a-thon-platformer-with-familiar-roots/|title=A Hat in Time is a collect-a-thon platformer with familiar roots|publisher=[[PC Gamer]]|date=2012-11-16|accessdate=2013-07-05}}</ref> Players travel between four [[open world|open]] [[level (video gaming)|levels]], which can be freely explored without time limits. Players collect various items, solve puzzles, and use an [[umbrella]] to combat enemies. The primary objective is to collect Time Pieces, 40 of which can be found in the game, which unlock additional levels as more are collected.<ref name="vg247">{{cite web|first=Dave|last=Cook|url=http://www.vg247.com/2013/05/30/a-hat-in-time-kickstarter-platform-game-gives-off-a-wind-waker-vibe/|title=A Hat in Time: Kickstarter platform game gives off a Wind Waker vibe|publisher=[[VG247]]|date=2013-05-30|accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref> After being defeated, the enemies drop "Pons", currency that can be used to unlock additional challenges and purchase badges that increase Hat Kid's abilities.<ref name="cubed3">{{cite web|first=Jorge|last=Ba-oh|url=http://www.cubed3.com/news/19117/1/interview-gears-for-breakfast-talk-a-hat-in-time.html|title=Interview: Gears for Breakfast Talk A Hat in Time|publisher=Cubed3|date=2013-07-02|accessdate=2013-07-05}}</ref> Players can collect Yarn Balls in each level, which can be stitched into new hats to wear. Each hat grants Hat Kid a different ability, such as a faster sprint or brewing explosive potions. Other collectibles include Relics, which can be used to unlock Time Rift bonus levels, and Rift Tokens, which can be exchanged at a machine for bonus materials such as music remixes and additional cosmetics. Initial actions taken earlier in the game have an effect on later levels, as the main character revisits each area several times before the game is finished.<ref name="EG1" />

==Development==
The initial idea for ''A Hat in Time'' was started by developer Jonas Kaerlev, who launched the project as an answer to his feeling of an ongoing shortage of [[3D computer graphics|3D]] [[platform game|platformers]], specifically developed by [[Nintendo]]. In an interview with [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]], Kaerlev revealed that he and Gears for Breakfast initially did not expect the Kickstarter success ''A Hat in Time'' eventually received. Kaerlev concluded that there would be little demand for the game due to ''[[Donkey Kong 64]]'''s effects on the genre, which he perceived as overwhelming the player with too much collecting.<ref name=poly>{{cite web|first=Griffin|last=McElroy|url=http://www.polygon.com/2013/6/9/4409622/a-hat-in-time-hopes-to-atone-for-the-platforming-sins-of-donkey-kong|title=A Hat in Time hopes to atone for the platforming sins of Donkey Kong 64|publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|date=2013-06-09|accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref> Development for the game started in August 2012 and was planned for a Q2 2013 release but has been significantly delayed. At the start of development, Kaerlev was the sole developer of the game but over time the development grew into Gears for Breakfast, a team spanning four countries and entirely volunteer-based.<ref name=EG1 /><ref name=poly /> Through the Kickstarter campaign the game surpassed the initial goal of $30,000 with a final total of $296,360.<ref name=kick>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicktraq.com/projects/jonasKærlev/a-hat-in-time-3d-collect-a-thon-platformer/|title=A Hat in Time Kickstarter data|publisher=Kicktraq|accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref> In July 2013, it was announced that the game had been [[greenlit]] for release via [[Steam (software)|Steam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://steamcommunity.com/games/765/announcements/detail/1586674964466039347|title=Sixteen More Titles Greenlit Today|publisher=[[Steam (software)|Steam]]|date=2013-07-24|accessdate=2015-05-07}}</ref> Several guest composers contributed tracks to the game, including [[Grant Kirkhope]].

==Reception==
''A Hat in Time'' received "generally favorable reviews", according to [[review aggregator]] [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/a-hat-in-time|title=A Hat in Time for PC Reviews|work=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=October 6, 2017}}</ref> Chris Carter from [[Destructoid]] gave the game an 8.5 out of 10 calling it an "Impressive effort with a few noticeable problems holding it back".<ref>{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Carter|url=https://www.destructoid.com/review-a-hat-in-time-463687.phtml|title=Review: A Hat in Time|publisher=[[Destructoid]]|date=October 3, 2017|accessdate=October 6, 2017}}</ref> [[PC Gamer]]'s Dominic Tarason rated the game 86/100 saying, "Some scuff-marks aside, A Hat in Time is a creative, playful, and polished tribute to a genre that doesn't get nearly enough love on PC."<ref>{{cite web|first=Dominic|last=Tarason|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/a-hat-in-time-review/|title=A Hat in Time Review|publisher=[[PC Gamer]]|date=October 11, 2017|accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref>

===Sales===
Two weeks after its release, ''A Hat in Time'' had sold 50,000 copies.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=HatInTime|number=920742189818359810|date=October 18, 2017|title=A Hat in Time has officially sold 50,000 units|accessdate=October 18, 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://hatintime.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hat in Time}}
[[Category:3D platform games]]
[[Category:Crowdfunded video games]]
[[Category:Kickstarter projects]]
[[Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games]]
[[Category:MacOS games]]
[[Category:Platform games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 4 games]]
[[Category:Steam Greenlight games]]
[[Category:Unreal Engine games]]
[[Category:2017 video games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Denmark]]
[[Category:Video games featuring female protagonists]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:Xbox One games]]
[[Category:Indie video games]]

Emoji – Der Film

2017-07-21T23:18:07Z

JDDJS: /* Trivia */

{{pp-vandalism|expiry=13:47, 27 July 2017|small=yes}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Emoji Movie
| image = The Emoji Movie film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tony Leondis]]
| producer = Michelle Raimo Kouyate<ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh" />
| writer = {{ubl|Eric Siegel|Tony Leondis|[[Mike White (filmmaker)|Mike White]]<ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh" />}}
| based on = [[Emoji]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[T. J. Miller]]|[[James Corden]]|[[Anna Faris]]|[[Maya Rudolph]]|[[Steven Wright]]|[[Jennifer Coolidge]]|[[Jake T. Austin]]|[[Christina Aguilera]]|[[Sofia Vergara]]|[[Patrick Stewart]]}}
| music = [[Patrick Doyle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asturscore.com/patrick-doyle-asignado-a-the-emoji-movie-dirigida-por-anthony-leondis/|title=Patrick Doyle on ''The Emoji Movie''|author=Eduardo Con|date=23 December 2016|accessdate=March 9, 2017}}</ref>
| cinematography =
| editing = William J. Caparella
| studio = {{ubl|[[Sony Pictures Animation]]<ref name=insight>{{cite web|url=https://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php|title=Film releases|work=[[Variety Insight]]|accessdate=June 3, 2017}}</ref>}}
| distributor = [[Columbia Pictures]]<ref name="mojo">{{cite web|title=The Emoji Movie (2017)|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=theemojimovie.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|2017|7|28}}
| runtime =
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $50 million<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pressburg|first1=Matt|title=Why Sony, LStar Movie Finance Deal Fell Apart: Flops, 'Ghostbusters' and Feet on Desk (Exclusive)|url=http://www.thewrap.com/how-sony-lstar-movie-finance-deal-fell-apart-flops-ghostbusters-feet-desk/|website=[[TheWrap]]|date=July 17, 2017|accessdate=July 19, 2017}}</ref>
| gross = 
}}

'''''The Emoji Movie''''' is an upcoming American [[3D film|3D]] [[Computer animation|computer-animated]] [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[Tony Leondis]] and co-written by Eric Siegel and [[Mike White (filmmaker)|Mike White]], based on the [[ideogram]]s [[emoji|of the same name]].<ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh" /> It will star the voices of [[T. J. Miller|T.J. Miller]], [[Anna Faris]], [[James Corden]], [[Patrick Stewart]], [[Maya Rudolph]], [[Steven Wright]], [[Rob Riggle]], [[Jennifer Coolidge]], [[Jake T. Austin]], [[Sofia Vergara]] and [[Christina Aguilera]].

Produced by [[Sony Pictures Animation]], the film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 28, 2017, by [[Columbia Pictures]].<ref name="mojo"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.darkhorizons.com/dark-tower-emoji-movie-swap-dates/|title="Dark Tower" & "Emoji Movie" Swap Dates - Dark Horizons|last=Franklin|first=Garth|website=www.darkhorizons.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>

== Premise ==
The film centers on Gene, a multi-expressional [[emoji]] who lives in a phone, when he sets out on a journey to become a normal [[meh]] emoji like his parents.<ref name="CBMakeABetterPerson">{{cite news|last1=Amidi|first1=Amid|title=‘Emojimovie: Express Yourself’ Promises To Make You A Better Person|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/emojimovie-express-promises-make-better-person-143757.html|work=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=November 20, 2016|date=October 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="THRCordenGlazer" />

== Cast ==
* [[T. J. Miller]] as Gene, an outsider "meh" emoji who can show multiple expressions<ref name="EWT.J.Miller">{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/17/emoji-movie-express-yourself-tj-miller-silicon-valley-deadpool|title=Silicon Valley star T.J. Miller to voice lead character in emoji movie|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|last=Snierson|first=Dan|date=July 17, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh" />
* [[James Corden]] as Hi-5, a hand emoji<ref name="THRCordenGlazer">{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Ashley|title=James Corden, Ilana Glazer Join Animated 'EmojiMovie'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/emoji-movie-cast-james-corden-936821|accessdate=November 20, 2016|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CBMakeABetterPerson" /><ref name="YahooMeetHighFive">{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/emoji-movie-meet-james-cordens-high-spirited-high-fiving-character-160115395.html|title='The Emoji Movie': Meet James Corden's High-Spirited, High-Fiving Character|date=April 20, 2017|publisher=Yahoo! Movies|last1=Schager|first1=Nick|accessdate=April 26, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Anna Faris]] as Jailbreak, a codebreaker emoji<ref name="YahooMeetHighFive" />
* [[Maya Rudolph]] as Smiler, a smiley emoji<ref name="Rudolph" />
* [[Steven Wright]] as Mel Meh, Gene's emoji father<ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh">{{cite web|last1=Goldberg|first1=Matt|title=‘The Emoji Movie’ Trailer Literally Gets Promoted by "Meh"|url=http://collider.com/the-emoji-movie-trailer/#images|publisher=Collider|accessdate=December 20, 2016|date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Jennifer Coolidge]] as Mary Meh, Gene's emoji mother<ref name="Rudolph" />
* [[Jake T. Austin]] as Alex, a human teenager who owns a phone where Gene and his emoji friends live.<ref name="Rudolph">{{cite web|url=http://screenrant.com/patrick-stewart-poop-emoji-movie/|title=Sir Patrick Stewart Voicing Poop Emoji in The Emoji Movie|publisher=Screen Rant|last=Shaw-Williams|first=Hannah|date=January 18, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Christina Aguilera]] as Akiko Glitter, a "super cool" dancer that lives inside the ''[[Just Dance (video game)|Just Dance]]'' app.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/meet-christina-aguileras-emoji-movie-character-first-pic-w482253|title=Meet Christina Aguilera's 'Emoji Movie' Character: First Pic!|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[Sofía Vergara]] as Flamenca, a flamenco dancer emoji <ref name="Flamenco">{{cite news|last1=Miller|first1=Mike|title=Meet Sofia Vergara's Flamenco Dancer from The Emoji Movie: 'People Are Always Saying I Look Like Her!|url=http://people.com/movies/sofia-vergara-emoji-movie-flamenco-dancer-character-first-look/|accessdate=April 18, 2017|work=People|date=April 18, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Patrick Stewart]] as [[Pile of Poo emoji|Poop, the poop emoji]]<ref name="CBMakeABetterPerson" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/patrick-stewart-voice-poop-emoji-emoji-movie-965588|title=Patrick Stewart to Voice Poop Emoji in 'Emoji Movie'|last=Giardina|first=Carolyn|date=January 18, 2017|work=[[Hollywood Report.|The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=January 25, 2017|via=}}</ref>
* [[Rob Riggle]] as an [[ice cream]] emoji<ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nerdist.com/the-emoji-movie-teaser-trailer-arrives-with-a-meh-and-a-poop-daddy/|title=THE EMOJI MOVIE TEASER TRAILER ARRIVES WITH A ‘MEH’ AND A POOP DADDY|last=Marnell|first=Blair|date=December 20, 2016|publisher=The Nerdist}}</ref>
* [[Sean Hayes (actor)|Sean Hayes]] as Steven, a [[devil]] emoji<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH3CaWDmhsw|title=The EMOJI Movie (Sony Pictures) Sean Hayes - Devil|date=July 18, 2017|work=[[YouTube]]|access-date=July 19, 2017|via=}}</ref>

== Production ==
The movie was inspired by director Tony Leondis' love of ''[[Toy Story]].'' <ref name="SRToystory">{{cite web|last1=Frreeman|first1=Molly|title=How Toy Story Inspired The Emoji Movie, According to Tony Leondis|url=http://screenrant.com/emoji-movie-director-tony-leondis-interview/|website=Screenrant|accessdate=14 July 2017}}</ref> Wanting to make a new take on the concept, he began asking himself "What is the new toy out there that hasn’t been explored?" At the same time, he received a text message with an Emoji, which helped Leondis to realize that this was the world he wanted to explore.<ref name="SRToystory"/> In fleshing out the story, Leondis considered having the emojis visit the real world. However, his producer felt that it was a much more interesting concept to explore the world inside a phone, which inspired Leondis to create the story of where and how the emojis lived. <ref name="SRToystory"/> As Leondis is gay, he connected to Gene's plight of "being different in a world that expects you to be one thing" and in eventually realizing that the feeling held true for most people, Leondis has said the film "was very personal."<ref name="SRToystory"/>

In July 2015, it was announced that [[Sony Pictures Animation]] had won the bidding war against [[Warner Bros.]] and [[Paramount Pictures]] over production rights of an animated film centered on emoji.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fleming Jr|first1=Mike|title=Emoji At Center Of Bidding Battle Won By Sony Animation; Anthony Leondis To Direct|url=http://deadline.com/2015/07/emoji-movie-sony-pictures-animation-anthony-leondis-kung-fu-panda-secrets-of-the-masters-1201482768/|accessdate=December 23, 2015|work=Deadline|date=July 21, 2015|language=en-US}}</ref> With the official announcement occuring at the 2016 [[CinemaCon]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chipman|first1=Bob|title=Emoji Movie Officially Announced by Sony; Plot Details Revealed|url=http://screenrant.com/emoji-movie-sony-plot-release-date/|accessdate=April 16, 2016|work=Screen Rant|date=April 13, 2016|language=en-US}}</ref>

On July 17, 2016 (on [[World Emoji Day]]), Miller was announced as the lead. <ref name="EWT.J.Miller"/> Leondis created the part with Miller in mind, although the actor was initially hesitant to play the role, only accepting after Leondis briefed him on the story.<ref name="Inversemiller"/> Leondis chose Miller because "when you think of irrepressible, you think of TJ. But he also has this surprising ability to break your heart" <ref name="Inversemiller">{{cite web|last1=Gaudette|first1=Emily|title=How the 'Emoji Movie' Tries to Transcend Capitalism|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/33971-the-emoji-movie-tj-miller-tony-leondis|website=Inverse|accessdate=14 July 2017}}</ref>. In October 2016, it was announced that [[Ilana Glazer]] and Corden will be joining the cast as well.<ref name="THRCordenGlazer" /> In December 2016, the film's title was changed from ''Emojimovie: Express Yourself'', to simply ''The Emoji Movie''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Recent Movie Title Changes|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/schedule/?view=titlechanges&p=.htm|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=December 19, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220134011/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/schedule/?view=titlechanges&p=.htm|archivedate=December 20, 2016|deadurl=no}}</ref> Glazer was later replaced by [[Anna Faris]].<ref name="YahooMeetHighFive" />

== Release ==
In November 2015, Sony scheduled the film to be released on August 11, 2017.<ref name=Dec2015CS>{{cite web|last1=Perry|first1=Spencer|title=Emoji Movie, Animated Spider-Man and Peter Rabbit Get Release Dates|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/642987-sony-animation-dates-the-emoji-movie-delays-animated-spider-man|accessdate=December 23, 2015|publisher=ComingSoon.net|date=December 22, 2015|language=en-US}}</ref> A year later, it was moved to August 4, 2017, with ''[[Baby Driver (film)|Baby Driver]]'' taking its date.<ref name="DeadlineDarkTowerMoved">{{cite web|last1=Hipes|first1=Patrick|title=‘The Dark Tower’ Release Date Moved Into Summer 2017, ‘Jumanji’ Shifts To Christmas As Sony Juggles Slate|url=http://deadline.com/2016/11/the-dark-tower-release-date-moved-july-28-1201848085/|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=November 20, 2016|date=November 3, 2016}}</ref> In late March 2017, the film moved one week earlier to July 28, 2017, switching places with Sony Pictures' ''[[The Dark Tower (2017 film)|The Dark Tower]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/782767-the-dark-tower-movie-delayed#/slide/1|title=The Dark Tower Movie Delayed}}</ref>

On December 20, 2016, a teaser trailer for the film was released.<ref name="ColliderTrailerMeh" /> A second trailer was later released on May 16, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/16/15647056/the-emoji-movie-trailer-watch|title=The Emoji Movie’s first trailer is 150 seconds of kids’ movie cliches|first=Chris|last=Plante|date=May 16, 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobilesyrup.com/2017/05/17/sonys-first-full-trailer-for-the-emoji-movie-will-make-you-rethink-your-life/|title=Sony’s first full trailer for The Emoji Movie will make you rethink your life}}</ref> Sony promoted the latter release of the trailer by hosting a press conference in Cannes the day before the [[2017 Cannes Film Festival]] which featured TJ Miller [[parasailing]] in.<ref name="Hollywoodsail">{{cite web|last1=Brzeski|first1=Patrick|title=T.J. Miller Parasails Into Cannes in Stunt for Sony's 'Emoji Movie'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tj-miller-parasails-cannes-stunt-sonys-emoji-movie-1004178|website=Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=14 July 2017}}</ref> Variety would go on to call the event "slightly awkward", <ref name="Varietyevent">{{cite web|last1=Nyreni|first1=Erin|title=T.J. Miller Parasails Into Cannes to Debut ‘Emoji Movie’ Trailer|url=http://variety.com/2017/film/news/tj-miller-parasails-cannes-emoji-movie-trailer-1202428762/|website=Variety|accessdate=14 July 2017}}</ref> with the Hollywood Reporter calling it "promotional ridiculousness".<ref name="Hollywoodsail"/>

The film will be shown alongside ''[[Hotel Transylvania (franchise)#Puppy!|Puppy!]]'', a ''[[Hotel Transylvania]]'' short directed by [[Genndy Tartakovsky]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2017/01/19/sony-pictures-animation-unveils-spider-man-hotel-transylvania-3-smurfs-and-more/#50b030351b8d|title=Sony Pictures Animation Unveils 'Spider-Man,' 'Hotel Transylvania 3,' 'Smurfs' And More|date=January 19, 2017|accessdate=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/804475-sony-pictures-animation-2017|title=Sony Pictures Animation Teases Upcoming Slate|date=January 18, 2017|accessdate=January 20, 2017}}</ref>

=== Promotion===

The YouTuber [[Jacksfilms|Jack Douglass (jacksfilms)]] was invited to the premiere of the movie because of being the "#1 fan of The Emoji Movie" according to Sony Pictures Animation<ref name="invite">{{cite web|title=Tweet by jacksfilms|url=https://twitter.com/jacksfilms/status/888177265539817472|website=Twitter|publisher=|date=2017-07-21|accessdate=2017-07-22|quote=When your shitposting gets you invited to the world premiere}}</ref> "after seven months of shitposting"<ref>jacksfilms: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1-Lnk99G1U I got invited to the world premiere of The Emoji Movie] (2017-07-21) "After seven months of shit-posting, I just got invited to the world premiere of The Emoji Movie."</ref>. He first posted about the movie on January 5, 2017, making fun of it<ref>{{cite web|title=Tweet by Jacksfilms|url=https://twitter.com/jacksfilms/status/817091205829783553|website=Twitter|publisher=|date=2017-01-05|accessdate=2017-07-22|quote=They're making an emoji movie?/--cracks neck--/What's next,/--pauses for effect--/The coffee movie?}}</ref> and on February 4, 2017, started to count down to opening night on Twitter<ref>{{cite web|title=Tweet by Jacksfilms|url=https://twitter.com/jacksfilms/status/827957146348244992|website=Twitter|publisher=|date=2017-02-04|accessdate=2017-07-22|quote=👏 EMOJI 👏 MOVIE 👏 COMES 👏 OUT 👏 IN 👏 180 👏 DAYS 👏}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tweet by Jacksfilms|url=https://twitter.com/jacksfilms/status/833135712425775104|website=Twitter|publisher=|date=2017-02-19|accessdate=2017-07-22|quote=Normally I hate talking politics but I really need to point out that only 166 days remain until the Emoji Movie hits theaters}}</ref>. On March 15, 2017, he posted that his "ironic enthusiasm for The Emoji Movie is slowly becoming sincere"<ref>{{cite web|title=Tweet by Jacksfilms|url=https://twitter.com/jacksfilms/status/841842538768080896|website=Twitter|publisher=|date=2017-03-15|accessdate=2017-07-22|quote=My ironic enthusiasm for The Emoji Movie is slowly becoming sincere}}</ref> and on April 27, 2017, he posted a video called "THE EMOJI MOVIE - Trailer #2", making his own trailer for the movie.<ref>jacksfilms: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1C6bm52f5Q THE EMOJI MOVIE - Trailer #2] (2017-04-27)</ref>. After a livestreamed frame-by-frame analysis of the second trailer on the day it released<ref>jacksfilms: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE4RoVwaQMY Frame-by-frame analysis of The Emoji Movie Trailer] (2017-05-16)</ref>, he posted on July 16, 2017, that he would "be really pissed if the Emoji Movie is any good"<ref>{{cite web|title=Tweet by Jacksfilms|url=https://twitter.com/jacksfilms/status/886688555359232002|website=Twitter|publisher=|date=2017-07-16|accessdate=2017-07-22|quote=I'll be really pissed if the Emoji Movie is any good}}</ref>. On July 21, 2017, he announced that Sony Pictures Animation had sent him a package consisting of a Poop plush and four emoji-themed [[fidget spinners]] as well as an invitation to the movie's world premiere.<ref name="invite" />

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.theemoji-movie.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|4877122}}

{{Sony Pictures Animation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emoji Movie, The}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s American animated films]]
[[Category:2017 3D films]]
[[Category:2017 computer-animated films]]
[[Category:American 3D films]]
[[Category:American buddy films]]
[[Category:American children's animated films]]
[[Category:American children's adventure films]]
[[Category:American children's comedy films]]
[[Category:American computer-animated films]]
[[Category:Animated buddy films]]
[[Category:Emoji]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures Animation films]]

You Me Her

2017-06-16T01:33:41Z

JDDJS: /* Episodes */ tone

{{Refimprove|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox television
| show_name = You Me Her
| image = You Me Her.svg
| image_alt =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Comedy]]
* [[Drama]]
* [[Romance film|Romance]]
}}
| creator = John Scott Shepherd
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Greg Poehler]]
* [[Rachel Blanchard]]
* [[Priscilla Faia]]
* [[Melanie Papalia]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = Jeff Toyne
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| country = United States Canada
| language = English
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 20
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| editor =
| camera =
| runtime = 26-32 minutes
| company = JSS Entertainment [[Alta Loma Entertainment]] [[Entertainment One]] AT&T Originals
| distributor =
| network = [[Audience Network]]
| picture_format = [[High-definition television|HDTV]] [[1080i]]
| audio_format =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2016|3|22}}
| last_aired = {{End date|present}}
| related =
| website = http://youmeher.directv.com/
| production_website =
}}
'''''You Me Her''''' is an American-Canadian television show that revolves around a [[suburban]] married couple who is entering a three-way romantic relationship, otherwise known as a [[polyamorous]] relationship. The series is set in [[Portland, Oregon]] and was created by John Scott Shepherd.<ref>{{Citation|last=DENNY Anderson|title="YOU ME HER" TV Series {{!}} Cast & Creator Interview {{!}} March 22nd, 2016|date=2016-03-26|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgFABocaGkg|accessdate=2016-05-11}}</ref> The series is also promoted as TV's "first polyromantic comedy".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvinsider.com/article/88585/watch-my-show-you-me-her-showrunner-survey-john-scott-shepherd/|title=Watch My Show: You Me Her is the Polyromantic Comedy With 'Valid Emotional Stakes'|website=TV Insider|access-date=2016-05-11}}</ref> On June 9, 2016, [[Audience Network]] renewed the series for a second and third season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/06/you-me-her-season-2-3-renewed-att-1201769737/|title=‘You Me Her’ Gets 2-Season Renewal By AT&T|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=2016-06-09|website=Deadline|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-19}}</ref> The second season premiered on February 14, 2017.<ref name=season2>{{Cite web|url=http://about.att.com/story/season_two_premiere_of_you_me_her.html|title=AT&T Celebrates Valentine’s Day with the Season 2 Premiere of ‘You Me Her’|date=2016-12-19|website=AT&T|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-27}}</ref>

==Premise==
The series revolves around married thirty-somethings Jack and Emma Trakarsky, from Portland, Oregon, whose sex life has been slowly dying. In an effort to reinvigorate their sex life and possibly conceive a child together, they decide to bring Izzy, a 25-year-old college student and part-time escort, into their marriage, initially intending it to be a purely business-like arrangement. When both start to develop romantic feelings for Izzy, and vice versa, they find themselves having to navigate their way through a minefield of prying neighbours, social norms and prejudices, all while struggling to confront their own feelings and adjust to the unfamiliar dynamic of a polyamorous relationship.

== Cast ==
=== Main cast ===
* [[Priscilla Faia]] as Isabelle "Izzy" Silva, a graduate student in Psychology and [[call girl]].
* [[Rachel Blanchard]] as Emma Trakarsky, a talented architect.
* [[Greg Poehler]] as Jack Trakarsky, an assistant dean in line for promotion for dean and Emma's husband.
* [[Melanie Papalia]] as Nina, Izzy's [[roommate]].

=== Recurring cast ===
* Jarod Joseph as Andy
* [[Jennifer Spence]] as Carmen
* [[Ennis Esmer]] as Dave
* [[Chelah Horsdal]] as Lori
* [[Laine MacNeil]] as Ava
* [[Jerry Wasserman]] as Dean Weinstock
* [[Patrick Gilmore (actor)|Patrick Gilmore]] as Shaun
* [[Michael_Hogan_(Canadian_actor)|Michael Hogan]] as Emma's father

==Episodes==
=== Season 1 (2016)===
{{Episode table |background=#AC1549 |overall= |season= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Cigarettes and Funions and Crap
|DirectedBy = [[Nisha Ganatra]]
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|3|22}}
|ShortSummary =Suburban Portland couple Emma and Jack Trakarsky are totally in love but seriously lacking spice. They end up tangled up with an escort (grad student Izzy) to get the mojo back, setting into motion a life-changing series of events for the trio.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Can You Be Cool?
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|3|29}}
|ShortSummary =As Jack, Emma, and Izzy try to put the mother of all weird days behind them, Emma reveals a secret, Izzy finds committing to safe-bet Andy tougher than she thought, and Jack can't shake the feeling that he's gotten them all in over their heads.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = No Penetration
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|4|5}}
|ShortSummary =Jack, Izzy, and Emma, all together for the first time, agree to keep their relationship a business arrangement. Emma has her first date with Izzy while Jack grows ever more jealous and concerned about how this might affect his possible promotion.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Check a Box
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|4|12}}
|ShortSummary =Jack and Emma start to wonder if they're on the same page. Izzy tries to find stability in Andy. After a startling development, Jack and Emma separately try to end things with Izzy, leading to a surprising epiphany.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Niece Jackie
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|4|19}}
|ShortSummary =Izzy, Emma and Jack cope with the consequences of their alternative relationship; and Andy begins to figure out what Izzy's been up to.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = The T Word
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|4|26}}
|ShortSummary =Izzy, Emma, and Jack finally take the polyamorous plunge together but things go wildly awry: Everything that could go wrong meets up to conspire against them... in their front yard. However, the real peril may be right there in the room with them.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = The Morning After
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|3}}
|ShortSummary =The awkward morning after dredges up old fears for Jack and Emma and wounded feelings for Izzy. With their three-way fling feeling like more trouble than it's worth, Jack and Emma wish they'd shut it down before the whole blackmail thing started...
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = The Relationship More Populated
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|22}}
|ShortSummary =With blackmail and hurt feelings accumulating all around them, Emma and Jack decide the only way to move forward with Izzy is to reinstate the business arrangement parameters. But Izzy has a plan of her own that's ''way'' more fun... until it isn't.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Sweet Home Colorado
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|17}}
|ShortSummary =After their wild home date turns into a tearful breakup, Izzy decides she needs to move back home to Colorado to deal with her issues. Unaware, Jack and Emma continue to deal with the fallout of what's beginning to feel like a blur of bad choices.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Trope Isn't a Four Letter Word
|DirectedBy = Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2016|5|24}}
|ShortSummary =Coming together turned their lives upside down, but as much as Jack, Emma, and Izzy try to hide it, splitting up may be doing the real damage.
|LineColor = AC1549
}}
}}

=== Season 2 (2017)===
{{Episode table |background=#B1131B |overall= |season= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Sex Fairy and the Eternal Flames<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy = Sara St. Onge<ref name=season2/>
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2017|2|14}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://youmeher.directv.com/|title=You Me Her|website=DIRECTV|language=en-US|access-date=2016-02-07}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =The now official throuple commit to cohabitation, face the disapproval of friends and family, and stand their ground in a bold, painful, and permanent way.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Like Riding a Vagina Bike<ref name=title>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviefone.com/tv/you-me-her/370149/season-2/|title=You Me Her|website=Moviefone|language=en-US|access-date=2016-02-07}}</ref>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|2|21}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.directv.com/tv/You-Me-Her-dktTOGJpV3BITzZGby9GckxSaXJvUT09|title=You ME Her episodes|website=DIRECTV|language=en-US|access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =The throuple come out at a neighborhood party, spinning the gathering out of control and cracking open a fresh can of troubles. Carmen and Dave try to make amends for their prudishness by inviting Jack, Emma, and Izzy on an unusual double date.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Remember, Ruby, Remember<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|2|28}}
|ShortSummary =Jack confronts Emma about inviting Izzy to move in without discussing it with him first. Leaving her to wallow in that epiphany, he goes on his interview at Griffin College and finds himself on "the road not taken."
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Cat in the Box<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|3|7}}
|ShortSummary =It's "Dudes and Chicks Night in Hawthorne Heights. While the women introduce Molly to their wine hang, bar-hoppers Dave, Gabe and Jack run into Jack's "one who got away."
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Stoner Sensai's Secrets of Love<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|3|14}}
|ShortSummary =Jack's still caved out at big bro's house, Izzy's trying to coax the married couple back together, and after things go bad at work, Emma's not at all sure about what she really wants.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = What the F Is Wrong With You Trakarskys?<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|3|21}}
|ShortSummary = Jack inches closer to the point of no return with Ruby. All the while, the clock's ticking on the daunting arrival of Emma's hyper-conservative parents.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Weird Janis and the White Trash Baby Vessel<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|3|28}}
|ShortSummary =With the happy throuple reunited; how they must explain Izzy's presence to Emma's old school parents. Nina gets disturbing news about Andy's romantic past. And the Amaris quest for cool leads them into a bizarre social situation.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Freaky Little Love Poodles<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Nisha Ganatra
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|4|4}}
|ShortSummary =Jack and Emma convince her parents that Izzy's their surrogate, but then the throuple's ruse unearths very real questions about babies and the long-term future of their relationship. Nina seeks out Andy's exes to set the record straight.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Silver Linings and Vodka<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|4|11}}
|ShortSummary =Izzy and Emma are stunned by Jack's proposal: The three of them having a baby together, But before they have time to delve deeper, they'll have to talk their way out of a tight spot with Emma's parents.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Baby, Baby Where Did Our Love Go?<ref name=title/>
|DirectedBy =Sara St. Onge
|WrittenBy = John Scott Shepherd
|OriginalAirDate ={{Start date|2017|4|18}}
|ShortSummary = With the dazzling offer from Pinnacle pressing ever harder and an IVF consultation set, Emma must choose between a larger professional canvas and two true loves.
|LineColor = B1131B
}}
}}

==Broadcast==
The first season is available on [[Netflix]] exclusively outside of the United States and [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|title=You Me Her|url=https://media.netflix.com/en/only-on-netflix/116016|website=Netflix Media Center}}</ref> From 14th June 2017, the second season is also available on [[Netflix]].

== Production ==
Filmed in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt5179408/locations?mode=desktop|title=IMDB: Filming Locations|website=IMDB|access-date=2017-03-26}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://youmeher.directv.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|5179408|You Me Her}}

{{Audience Network}}

[[Category:2016 American television series debuts]]
[[Category:2010s American comedy television series]]
[[Category:2010s American drama television series]]
[[Category:Adultery in television]]
[[Category:American comedy-drama television series]]
[[Category:American LGBT-related television shows]]
[[Category:American television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Bisexuality-related television series]]
[[Category:English-language television programming]]
[[Category:Polyamory in fiction]]
[[Category:Romantic comedy television series]]
[[Category:Romantic drama television series]]
[[Category:Television series about suburbia]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Portland, Oregon]]
[[Category:Works about prostitution]]
[[Category:American sex comedy television series]]

Rachel House

2017-03-19T13:23:22Z

JDDJS: Not a director

{{Infobox person
| name = Rachel House
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|10|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, acting coach
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =''[[Whale Rider]]'', ''[[Boy (2010 film)|Boy]]'', ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'', ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''
}}

'''Rachel House''' (born 20 October 1971) is a [[New Zealand]] actress and acting coach.

== Early life ==
House was born in 1971 in [[Auckland]], New Zealand and raised in [[Kamo, New Zealand|Kamo]], [[Whangarei]] by her adoptive [[Glaswegian]] immigrant parents John and Sheila House.<ref name="thearts.co.nz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearts.co.nz/artists/rachel-house|title=Rachel House|date=2015-09-26|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref> She is of [[Māori people|Māori]] (Ngati Mutunga and Ngai Tahu) and [[Europe]]an/[[Pakeha]] descent.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/>

== Career ==

=== Acting ===
House attended the New Zealand national drama school, [[Toi Whakaari]], graduating in 1992.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/> From here she went into stage work with Pacific Underground Theatre and Auckland Theatre Company. In 1995, she won the Chapman Tripp Most Promising Female Newcomer of the Year Award for her performance in the one-woman show ''Nga Pou Wahine'' by Briar Grace-Smith.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/> This was followed by other awards in 2002 (Most Outstanding Performance) for [[Witi Ihimaera]]'s critically acclaimed ''Woman Far Walking'' (in which she played the key role of Tiriti, a 160-year-old woman) and 2003 (Best Supporting Actress) in [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s ''An Enemy of the People''.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/>

She has acted in several major productions that have toured both nationally and internationally, including Hone Kouka's ''Waiora'', [[Carol Anne Duffy]]'s ''The Worlds Wife'' and the UK/New Zealand co-production of ''Beauty and the Beast''.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/>

House's film work has included roles in ''[[Whale Rider]]'', ''[[Eagle vs Shark]]'', ''[[Boy (2010 film)|Boy]]'', and ''[[White Lies (2013 New Zealand film)|White Lies]]''.<ref name=kractors>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kractors.co.nz/details.php?act_id=94|title=Kathryn Rawlings & assoc.|website=www.kractors.co.nz|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref> Her television appearances include ''[[Maddigan's Quest]]'' and [[Gaylene Preston]]'s series ''Hope and Wire''.<ref name=kractors/> Jason Buchanan of the Rovi corporation says of her "While she may not necessarily possess traditional Hollywood good looks, House has an undeniably distinct persona onscreen and exhibits just the kind of charisma that could prove the foundation for an enduring career."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fandango.com/rachelhouse/biography/p505427|title=Rachel House Biography - Fandango|website=Fandango|access-date=2016-07-27}}</ref>

In 2016, House appeared in [[Taika Waititi]]'s feature film ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]''. The film became the top grossing New Zealand film of all time at the New Zealand box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/entertainment/hunt-wilderpeople-becomes-largest-grossing-local-film-in-nz|title=Hunt for the Wilderpeople becomes largest grossing local film in NZ|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref>

In July 2016, it was announced that House will voice the character of Gramma Tala in the 2016 Disney animated film ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2016/07/25/nicole-scherzinger-joined-cast-disneys-moana/|title=Nicole Scherzinger, Jemaine Clement, Alan Tudyk & more join the cast of Disney's Moana|last=Heath|first=Paul|date=2016-07-25|website=The Hollywood News|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref>

House has also been an acting coach for the young actors on Taika Waititi's ''[[Boy (2010 film)|Boy]]'' and ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]],'' ''Everything We Loved,'' ''[[The Dark Horse (2014 film)|The Dark Horse]]'' starring [[Cliff Curtis]], ''The Rehearsal'' and ''[[Top of the Lake]]'' (Season 2).

=== Directing ===
House has directed several theatrical performances, winning the 2001 Director of the Year award at both the Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards and the ''[[New Zealand Listener]]'' Awards for her direction of Mitch Tawhi Thomas' play ''Have Car Will Travel''.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/>

House attended the Prague Film School in 2008 and was awarded Best Director and Best Film Audience Award for her two short films made while studying there''.''<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/> In 2010, House directed Kylie Meehan's short film ''The Winter Boy,'' produced by Hineani Melbourne for the [[New Zealand Film Commission]]'s Premiere Shorts.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/>

In 2012, House directed the [[Māori language|Māori-language]] version of Shakespeare's ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'', performed as part of an international series at London's [[Shakespeare's Globe|Globe Theatre]].<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/> For this she was awarded Production of the Year and Director of the Year at the Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/> Other theatre directing work includes the award-winning production of ''Hinepau'', which House also co-adapted from Gavin Bishop's original book and toured both nationally and internationally, [[Neil LaBute|Neil La Bute]]'s ''[[Mercy Seat]]'' and ''Hui'' by longtime collaborator Mitch Tawhi Thomas that premiered at the Auckland Arts Festival in 2013.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/>

In 2016, House directed Auckland based theatre company Silo Theatre's production of Medea, a contemporary retelling of the [[Euripides]] myth created by Australian theatre-makers [[Kate Mulvany]] and Anne-Louise Sarks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11654284|title=Hunt for the Wilderpeople's Rachel House on her new project|last=Christian|first=Dionne|date=2016-06-11|newspaper=New Zealand Herald|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref>

=== Achievements ===
In 2012, House received the New Zealand Arts Foundation's Laureate Award, which is given as an investment in excellence across a range of art forms for an artist with prominence and outstanding potential for future growth.<ref name="thearts.co.nz"/> In 2016, House received the WIFT (Women in Film & Television) NZ Mana Wāhine Award her prolific contribution to theatre and film, both in front of and behind the camera.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wiftnz.org.nz/news/2016/5/13/wift-nz-mana-wahine-awards-for-2016.aspx|title=WIFT New Zealand {{!}} Film and Television Industry News from Women in Film and Television New Zealand - WIFT NZ MANA WAHINE AWARDS FOR 2016|website=www.wiftnz.org.nz|access-date=2016-07-30}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
!Director
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Whale Rider]]''
| Shilo
|
|[[Niki Caro]]
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Fracture (2004 film)|Fracture]]''
| Taxi driver
|
|Larry Parr
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Perfect Creature]]''
| Forensic woman
|
|Glen Standring
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Eagle vs Shark]]''
| Nancy
|
|[[Taika Waititi]]
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Boy (2010 film)|Boy]]''
| Aunty Gracey
|
|Taika Waititi
|-
| 2013
| ''[[White Lies (2013 New Zealand film)|White Lies]]''
| Maraea
|
|[[Dana Rotberg]]
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Everything We Loved]]''
| TV reporter
| Voice role
|Max Currie
|-
| 2014
| ''[[The Dark Horse (2014 film)|The Dark Horse]]''
| Vagrant woman
|
|[[James Napier Robertson]]
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]''
| Paula
|
|[[Taika Waititi]]
|-
| 2016
| ''[[The Rehearsal (2016 film)|The Rehearsal]]''
|Rewia
|
|[[Alison Maclean]]
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''
| Gramma Tala
| Voice role
|[[Ron Clements]] & [[John Musker]]
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1996
|''Queenie and Pete''
|Queenie
|
|-
|1998
|''Tiger Country''
|Faenza
|Television Movie
|-
|1999 - 2000
|''The Life and Times of Te Tutu''
|Hine
|Core Cast
|-
|2002
|''Duggan''
|Warder
|Television Movie
|-
|2002
|''Mataku''
|Rachel
|Season 1
|-
|2002
|''Revelations''
|Ocelot
|
|-
|2005
|''Ask Your Auntie''
|Panelist
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Maddigan's Quest]]''
|Goneril
|Core Cast
|-
|2011
|[[Super City (TV series)|''Super City'']]
|Roimata
|Season 1
|-
|2013
|''[[The Blue Rose]]''
|Tina
|3 Episodes
|-
|2014
|''Hope and Wire''
|Joycie Waru
|Mini-Series
|-
|2014
|[[Soul Mates (TV series)|''Soul Mates'']]
|Mum
|
|-
|2015
|''Find Me a Māori Bride''
|Kuini
|Season 1
|-
|2016
|''[[Wolf Creek (TV series)|Wolf Creek]]''
|Ruth
|Mini-Series
|}

== Theatre ==

=== Actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1994
|''Tales of the Pacific''
|Various
|Pacific Underground Theatre
|-
|1994
|''By Degrees''
|Donna
|[[Auckland Theatre Company]]
|-
|1994
|''Savage Hearts - Manawa Taua''
|Various
|Theatre at Large
|-
|1995
|''Risky Risque''
|Baby
|Bats Theatre
|-
|1995
|''Nga Pou Wahine''
|Various
|New Zealand Tour
|-
|1995
|''The Maids''
|Claire
|
|-
|1995
|''Five Angels''
|Carol/Api
|Centrepoint Theatre
|-
|1996
|''Waiora''
|America
|New Zealand International Festival of the Arts
|-
|1996
|''Waitapu''
|Jackie
|New Zealand & Canadian Tour
|-
|1996
|''King Lear''
|Cornelia/Various
|Theatre at Large
|-
|1997
|''Waiora''
|America
|New Zealand & UK Tour
|-
|1997
|''Alice in Wonderland''
|Various
|Bruce Mason Centre
|-
|1997
|''Nga Pou Wahine''
|Various
|New Zealand & Sydney - Australia Tour
|-
|1998
|''Beauty and the Beast''
|Various
|New Zealand International Festival of the Arts
|-
|2000
|''Serial Killers''
|Simone
|Circa Theatre
|-
|2000
|''Woman Far Walking''
|Tiriti
|New Zealand International Festival of the Arts
|-
|2001
|''Woman Far Walking''
|Tiriti
|New Zealand & Hawaiian Tour
|-
|2002
|''The World's Wife''
|Various
|New Zealand International Festival of the Arts
|-
|2002
|''The Bellbird''
|Tapairu
|[[Auckland Theatre Company]]
|-
|2002
|''South Pacific''
|Bloody Mary
|[[Court Theatre (New Zealand)|Court Theatre]]
|-
|2003
|''Cherish''
|Maeve
|Circa Theatre
|-
|2003
|''An Enemy of the People''
|
|Circa Theatre
|-
|2003
|''The World's Wife''
|Various
|New Zealand Tour
|-
|2010
|''The Vagina Monologues''
|Various
|The Basement Theatre
|-
|2013
|''White Rabbit, Red Rabbit''
|Nassim
|Silo Theatre
|}

=== Director ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Notes
|-
|2001
|''Have Car Will Travel''
|Taki Rua
|-
|2002
|''Have Car Will Travel''
|Silo Theatre
|-
|2005
|''The Mercy Seat''
|Silo Theatre
|-
|2005
|''Hinepau''
|Capital E National Theatre for Children
|-
|2006
|''Hinepau''
|Australian Tour
|-
|2006 - 2007
|''Frangipani Perfume''
|New Zealand, Brisbane - Australia & Cambridge - U.K
|-
|2007
|''Wild Dogs Under My Skirt''
|Auckland Festival
|-
|2009
|''Flintlock Musket''
|STAMP at THE EDGE
|-
|2012
|''The Māori Troilus and Cressida''
|Globe Theatre
|-
|2013
|''Hui''
|Auckland Arts Festival & Silo Theatre
|-
|2013
|''Don Ioane''
|Pacific Institute of Performing Arts
|-
|2014
|''MISS.Understood''
|Pacific Institute of Performing Arts
|-
|2016
|''Medea''
|Silo Theatre
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
|-
|1995
|[[Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards|Chapman Tripp Theatre Award]]
|Most Promising Female Newcomer
|''Nga Pou Wahine''
|Won
|-
|1996
|[[Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards|Chapman Tripp Theatre Award]]
|Best Supporting Actress
|''King Lear''
|Nominated
|-
|2001
|[[Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards|Chapman Tripp Theatre Award]]
|Director of the Year
|''Have Car Will Travel''
|Won
|-
|2001
|New Zealand Listener Award
|Best Director
|''Have Car Will Travel''
|Won
|-
|2002
|[[Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards|Chapman Tripp Theatre Award]]
|Outstanding Performance
|''Woman Far Walking''
|Won
|-
|2003
|[[Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards|Chapman Tripp Theatre Award]]
|Best Supporting Actress
|''An Enemy of the People''
|Won
|-
|2010
|Winnipeg Aboriginal Film Festival
|Best Supporting Actress
|''[[Boy (2010 film)|Boy]]''
|Won
|-
|2012
|[[Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards|Chapman Tripp Theatre Award]]
|Director of the Year
|''The Māori Troilus and Cressida''
|Won
|-
|2012
|New Zealand Arts Foundation Laureate Award
|
|
|Won
|-
|2016
|WIFT NZ Mana Wāhine Award
|
|
|Won
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|1344302}}
*"[http://www.thearts.co.nz/artist_page.php&aid=137&type=bio Rachel House]", The Arts Foundation. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

{{DEFAULTSORT:House, Rachel}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand actresses]]
[[Category:New Zealand film actresses]]
[[Category:New Zealand television actresses]]
[[Category:New Zealand Māori actresses]]
[[Category:New Zealand people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:People from the Northland Region]]

Patreon

2017-02-13T05:54:00Z

JDDJS: /* Top creators on Patreon */

{{Infobox website
| name = Patreon, Inc.
| logo = Patreon logo with wordmark.svg
| logo_size = 
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption = 
| screenshot =
| collapsible = 
| collapsetext = 
| background = 
| screenshot_size = 
| screenshot_alt =
| caption =
| url = {{url|patreon.com}}
| slogan =
| commercial = 
| type = [[Crowdfunding]]
| registration =
| language = English
| num_users =
| content_license = 
| programming_language =
| owner = 
| author = {{unbulleted list|[[Jack Conte]]|Sam Yam}}
| editor = 
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2013|5}} 
| revenue =
| alexa = 
| ip =
| issn = 
| oclc = 
| current_status =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Patreon''' is an internet-based platform that allows content creators to build their own subscription content service. It is popular among [[YouTube]] content creators, [[webcomic]] artists, writers, podcasters, musicians, and other categories of creators who post regularly online. It allows artists to receive funding directly from their fans, or [[patron]]s, on a recurring basis or per work of art.<ref>[http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201407111630/d The California Report.org: "Creating Patrons of the Arts Through Crowdfunding"] July 11–13, 2014.</ref> The company, started by musician [[Jack Conte]]<ref name="tri">{{Triangulation|150|Jack Conte}}</ref> and developer Sam Yam<ref name="tri"/> in 2013, is based in [[San Francisco]].<ref>[http://www.patreon.com Patreon.org: Intro] Accessed 14.7.2014</ref>

==History==
Patreon was founded in May 2013 by artist [[Jack Conte]],<ref name="tri"/> who was looking for a way to make a living from his popular [[YouTube]] videos.<ref name="pbs">{{cite news | url=http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2013/09/donation-patron-services-help-fans-support-their-favorite-authors/ | title=Donation, Patron Services Help Fans Support Their Favorite Authors | publisher=PBS | date=9 September 2013 | accessdate=1 March 2014 | author=Levitz, Dena}}</ref> Together with Sam Yam he developed a platform that allows patrons to donate a set amount of money every time an artist creates a work of art. The company raised 2.1 million dollars in August 2013 from a group of [[venture capital]]ists and [[angel investor]]s.<ref name="wired">{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/business/2013/10/big-idea-patreon/ |title=The Next Big Thing You Missed: ‘Eternal Kickstarter’ Reinvents Indie Art |publisher=Wired | date=22 October 2013 |accessdate=1 March 2014 |author=Tate, Ryan}}</ref><ref name="time">{{cite news | url=http://business.time.com/2013/12/04/business/slide/top-10-exciting-startups/ | title=Top 10 Exciting Startups | publisher=Time | date=4 December 2013 | accessdate=1 March 2014 | author=Luckerson, Victor}}</ref> In June 2014 the company raised a further $15,000,000 in a [[series A round]] led by [[Danny Rimer]] of [[Index Ventures]].<ref name="series A">{{cite web | url=http://techcrunch.com/2014/06/23/patreon-raises-15-million-series-a-revamps-site-to-showcase-artist-content/ | title=Patreon Raises $15 Million Series A, Revamps Site To Focus More On Content | publisher=TechCrunch | date=23 June 2014 | accessdate=26 August 2014 | author=Buhr, Sarah}}</ref><ref name="$15M">{{cite web|title=Patreon Raised $15 Million|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5vAdw3WY9Q|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=July 16, 2016|language=English|date=Jun 23, 2014}}</ref> In January 2016, the company closed on a fresh round of $30 million in a [[series B round]], led by [[Joshua Kushner|Thrive Capital]] which puts the total raised for Patreon at $47.1 million.<ref name="series B">{{cite web | url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/19/patreon-gains-30-million-series-b-funding-experiencing-major-growth/ | title=Patreon Gains $30 Million Series B Funding To Support Growth | publisher=TechCrunch | date=19 Jan 2016 | accessdate=26 June 2016 | author=Buhr, Sarah}}</ref>

The company signed up more than 125,000 "patrons" in its first 18 months.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Amanda Palmer races to $13,000 per release in Patreon crowdfunding|url = https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/04/amanda-palmer-patreon-crowdfunding-backers|website = the Guardian|accessdate = 2015-06-11|first = Stuart|last = Dredge}}</ref> In late 2014, the website announced that patrons were sending over $1,000,000 per month to the site's content creators.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.patreon.com/creation?hid=1070951|title = Creators on Patreon Receive Over 1,000,000 per Month From Patrons|date = October 10, 2014|accessdate = June 12, 2015|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

In March 2015, Patreon acquired [[Subbable]], a similar voluntary subscription service created by the [[Green brothers]], [[John Green (author)|John]] and [[Hank Green]], and brought over Subbable creators and contents, including [[CGP Grey]], [[Destin Sandlin]]'s ''Smarter Every Day'' and the Green brothers' own ''[[CrashCourse]]'' and ''[[SciShow]]'' channels.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patreon Acquires Subbable, Aligning the YouTube Stars|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/alexpham/2015/03/16/patreon-acquires-subbable-aligning-youtube-stars/|website=Forbes|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref> The merger was consequent of an expected migration of payment systems with [[Amazon Payments]] that Subbable used.

In October 2015, the site was the target of a massive [[hacking attack]] with almost fifteen gigabytes' worth of password data, donation records, and source code taken and published. The breach exposed more than 2.3 million unique e-mail addresses and millions of private messages.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hunt|first1=Troy|title=Pwned websites - Patreon|url=https://haveibeenpwned.com/PwnedWebsites#Patreon|website=Have I been pwned?|accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Goodin|first1=Dan|title=Gigabytes of user data from hack of Patreon donations site dumped online|url=http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/10/gigabytes-of-user-data-from-hack-of-patreon-donations-site-dumped-online/|website=ars technica|accessdate=7 October 2015|date=2 October 2015}}</ref>
Following the attack, some patrons received extortion emails demanding Bitcoin payments in exchange for the protection of their personal information.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite web|title=Extortion attempt on victims of Patreon site hack|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34899705|website=BBC|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Billboard1">{{cite web|title=Scammers Fumble Attempt to Extort Patreon Users|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6770400/patreon-hack-extortion-attempt|website=Billboard|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Techcrunch1">{{cite web|last1=Biggs|first1=John|title=Extortionists Are Threatening To Release Patreon User Data|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/21/extortionists-are-threatening-to-release-patreon-user-data/|website=Techcrunch|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref>

In July 2016, Patreon sent out an email <ref>https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/patreon-paypal-adult-content
</ref> to its users announcing changes for its more adult-oriented creators. Notably, content creators working under the “NSFW” Not Safe For Work categories on Patreon can now accept payments through PayPal via PayPal’s subsidiary Braintree. This move now allows Adult Content creators on Patreon to accept payment more easily. Before these creators could only accept payments through credit cards. A content creator of patreon also relayed this information on the popular online community Reddit.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/patreon/comments/4siifk/patreon_now_takes_paypal_for_adultnsfw_patreons/</ref>

==Business model==
Patreon users are grouped by content type, including video/films, [[podcast]], [[comedy]], [[comics]], games, education, etc. These content creators set up a page on the Patreon website, where patrons can choose to pay a fixed amount to a creator on a monthly basis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patreon.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/203913859--How-do-I-become-a-creator-and-make-a-page-on-Patreon-|title=How do I become a creator and make a page on Patreon?|website=Types of questions|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-03}}</ref> Alternatively, content creators can configure their page so that patrons pay every time the artist releases a new piece of art. A creator typically displays their end goal that the funding will go towards and can set a maximum limit of how much they receive per month. This differs from other crowd-funding platforms like [[Kickstarter]], where creators obtain a single sum after a successful campaign and typically have to start over for every new piece.[[Patreon#cite note-pbs-4|[4]]] Patrons can cancel their donation at any time. Similar to other platforms, content creators typically provide benefits (commonly in the form of art and videos) and for their patrons depending on the amount that each patron pays.[[Patreon#cite note-billboard-18|[19]]][[Patreon#cite note-mercury-19|[20]]]

Patrons can unlock monetary tiers that increases the content type they see from the user. A number of content creators on Patreon are also Youtubers. They are able to create content on multiple platforms and while the [[YouTube|Youtube]] videos may be available to the public, the Patrons receive private content made exclusively for them in aiding the Patreon user’s goal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smallbiztrends.com/2016/03/using-patreon-build-your-business.html|title=How Creative Entrepreneurs are Using Patreon to Build Their Businesses|website=smallbiztrends.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-03}}</ref> Patreon takes a 5% [[Commission (remuneration)|commission]] on pledges. As of June 2015, the average pledge per creation was $5, there was an approximation of 16 million page views and with over 15,000 creators joining the site monthly.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.patreon.com/toolbox/stats|title=Patreon: Toolbox|newspaper=Patreon|language=en|access-date=2017-02-03}}</ref>

==Participating artists==
As of February 2014, almost half of the artists produce YouTube videos, while the rest are writers, [[webcomic]]s artists, or [[podcast]]ers.<ref>[http://www.patreon.com/discover Patreon.com: Projects Roll]</ref> On average, patrons donate $7 per creation. While the website initially targeted musicians (musician and performer [[Amanda Palmer]] uses Patreon and operates independently from a music label), established webcomic artists such as [[Jonathan Rosenberg (webcomic artist)|Jonathan Rosenberg]], [[Zach Weinersmith]] and Paul Taylor are successfully using it.<ref name="publishersweekly">{{cite news | url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/comics/article/61145-patreon-raises-2-1-million-for-subscription-based-crowdfunding-platform.html | title=Patreon Raises $2.1 Million | work=Publishers Weekly | date=24 February 2014 | accessdate=1 March 2014 | author=Allen, Todd}}</ref>

As of December 2016, Patreon's Community Guidelines allows nudity and suggestive imagery, as long as clearly marked as such, but prohibits content that may be deemed pornographic or as glorifying [[sexual violence]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Community Guidelines|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213201421/https://www.patreon.com/guidelines|website=Patreon|accessdate=13 December 2016}}</ref>

=== Top 10 content creators on Patreon by number of patrons<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://graphtreon.com/top-patreon-creators|title=Top Patreon Creators: Best + Popular + Highest Paid + Successful|newspaper=Graphtreon|language=en|access-date=2017-02-03}}</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Creator
!# of Patrons
!USD Earnings ''per month''
!Average support
per Patron per month
!Launch Date
|-
|1
|[https://www.patreon.com/kindafunny Kinda Funny]
|10,345
|$32,440.70
|$3.14
|September 2014
|-
|2
|[https://www.patreon.com/chapotraphouse Chapo Trap House]
|8,926
|$39,854.90
|$4.47
|May 2016
|-
|3
|[https://www.patreon.com/amandapalmer Amanda Palmer]
|8,882
|$34,831.50
|$3.92
|March 2015
|-
|4
|[https://www.patreon.com/kindafunnygames Kinda Funny Games]
|7,670
|$25,567.00
|$3.33
|January 2015
|-
|5
|[https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Crash Course]
|7,384
|$29,966.20
|$4.06
|March 2015
|-
|6
|[https://www.patreon.com/cgpgrey CGP Grey]
|6,821
|$17,352.20
|$2.54
|July 2014
|-
|7
|[https://www.patreon.com/Kurzgesagt Kurzgesagt — In a Nutshell]
|6,320
|$24,778.20
|$3.92
|August 2013
|-
|8
|[https://www.patreon.com/EasyAllies Easy Allies]
|5,745
|$39,394.60
|$6.86
|March 2016
|-
|9
|[https://www.patreon.com/scishow SciShow]
|5,601
|$21,931.30
|$3.92
|March 2015
|-
|10
|[https://www.patreon.com/AvE AvE]
|5,547
|$9,699.57
|$1.75
|January 2015
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.patreon.com/}}

[[Category:Companies based in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Crowdfunding platforms|Crowd-funding platforms]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in California]]

Glenn Slater

2017-01-11T14:35:39Z

JDDJS: /* Personal life */

{{Infobox person
|name = Glenn Slater
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = 1968
|birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
}}
'''Glenn Slater''' (born 1968) is an American [[lyricist]] who collaborates with [[Alan Menken]] and other [[musical theatre]] composers. He was nominated for the [[Tony Award]] for [[Tony Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] for the Broadway version of ''[[The Little Mermaid (musical)|The Little Mermaid]]'' at the [[62nd Tony Awards]] in 2008, his second Tony nomination for ''[[Sister Act (musical)|Sister Act]]'' at the [[65th Tony Awards]] in 2011, and his third Tony nomination for [[School of Rock (musical)|School of Rock]] at the [[70th Tony Awards]] in 2016.

==Early life==
Slater was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], but raised in [[East Brunswick, New Jersey]]. In 1990, he graduated at [[Harvard University]] where he composed [[Hasty Pudding Theatricals]]' 141st production, ''Whiskey Business''. He has received the [[ASCAP|ASCAP Foundation]]'s Richard Rodgers New Horizon Award with composer Stephen Weiner.

==Career==
Slater wrote the lyrics for the [[Off-Broadway]] stage revue ''Newyorkers'' produced by the [[Manhattan Theatre Club]] in 2001.<ref name=play2>Jones, Kenneth.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/58759-New-Revue-Newyorkers-Premieres-at-MTC-Feb-27-Opens-March-20 "New Revue, Newyorkers, Premieres at MTC Feb. 27; Opens March 20"], playbill.com, February 27, 2001</ref> He has written lyrics for six editions of [[Ringling Brothers & Barnum and Bailey Circus]].

His first work with Alan Menken was writing the lyrics for the film ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)|Home on the Range]]'' in 2004 and the stage production ''[[Sister Act the Musical]]'' (2006).<ref>Hernandez, Ernio.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/105127-Sister-Act-Musical-Opens-Run-at-Atlantas-Alliance-Jan-24 Sister Act Musical Opens Run at Atlanta's Alliance Jan. 24"] playbill.com, January 24, 2007</ref>

He wrote the lyrics for the stage adaptation of [[Disney]]'s ''[[The Little Mermaid (musical)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (2008), replacing the animated film's original lyricist [[Howard Ashman]], who died in 1991.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/101856-Disneys-The-Little-Mermaid-to-Premiere-in-Denver-in-2007 "Disney's The Little Mermaid to Premiere in Denver in 2007"] playbill.com, September 6, 2006</ref> He also worked with Menken on the new musical version of ''[[Leap of Faith (musical)|Leap of Faith]]''.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/118647-Tony-Nominees-Menken-and-Slater-Have-Full-Plate-with-Mermaid-Faith-and-Sister-Act "Tony Nominees Menken and Slater Have Full Plate with Mermaid, Faith and Sister Act"], playbill.com, June 13, 2008</ref>

Slater and his wife, Wendy Leigh Wilf, wrote the book, music and lyrics to a new musical ''Beatsville'' that received a production at the 2008 NAMT Festival of New Musicals, in New York. It is based on the 1959 Roger Corman film ''[[A Bucket of Blood]]''.<ref>Hetrick, Adam.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/119576-New-Music-NAMT-Announces-Selections-for-2008-Festival-of-New-Musicals New Music: "NAMT Announces Selections for 2008 Festival of New Musicals"] playbill.com, July 17, 2008</ref>

He has also composed the lyrics and co-wrote the book for the major [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] musical ''[[Love Never Dies (musical)|Love Never Dies]]'', which is a sequel to Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|The Phantom of the Opera]]''. The show premiered in the [[West End theatre|West End]] in March 2010.<ref>Gans, Andrew and Shenton, Mark.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/133630-Lloyd-Webbers-Love-Never-Dies-to-Premiere-in-London-in-March-2010-New-York-Australia-to-Follow "Lloyd Webber's Love Never Dies to Premiere in London in March 2010; New York, Australia to Follow"], playbill.com, October 8, 2009</ref> After widespread criticism of Slater's lyrics on the show's opening, Charles Hart was brought in to substantially rewrite parts of the libretto.

Adding to his career as a lyricist, Slater wrote the lyrics for the songs in Disney's 50th animated feature ''[[Tangled]]''. In 2015 he worked again with [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] for the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musical [[School of Rock (musical)|''School of Rock'']] and continued his working relationship with [[Alan Menken]] writing lyrics for the songs of ''[[Galavant]]'' on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/andrew-lloyd-webbers-school-of-rock-musical-coming-to-broadway-in-november/?_r=0 | title=Andrew Lloyd Webber’s ‘School of Rock’ Musical Coming to Broadway in November | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | work=nytimes.com | date=18 December 2014 | accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref>

Slater attended the BMI Musical Theatre Workshop and was a resident writer with Musical Theatreworks.<ref name=play2/>

==Awards and honors==
Slater has received the Kleban Award for Lyrics, the [[ASCAP Foundation Richard Rodgers New Horizons Award]] and the Jonathan Larson Award.<ref name=play1>[http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/whoswho/biography/9678 Slater credits] playbill.com, accessed February 1, 2010</ref>

He was nominated for the 2008 [[Tony Award for Best Original Score]] for ''The Little Mermaid'' and received his second nomination for this award in 2011 for ''[[Sister Act (musical)|Sister Act]]''.<ref>http://broadwayworld.com/article/2011-Tony-Nominations-Announced-THE-BOOK-OF-MORMON-Leads-With-14-20110503</ref>

He won a [[Grammy Award]] at the 2012 Grammy Awards (held on 12 February 2012), in the [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written for Visual Media]] category for the song "I See The Light" from the animation movie ''[[Tangled]]''.

==Personal life==
Slater lives in [[New York City]] with his wife Wendy Leigh Wilf and two sons, Benjamin and Daniel.<ref name=play1/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=80644 Internet Broadway Database listing]
*[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=people&keyword=name&first=Glenn&last=Slater&middle= Internet Off-Broadway listing]
*[http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/glenn_slater Biography at americantheatrewing.org]
*[http://www.sisteractthemusical.com/creative/lyrics.php Biography at sisteractthemusical.com]
*{{IMDb name|1637698|Glenn Slater}}



{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slater, Glenn}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:American musical theatre lyricists]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:People from East Brunswick, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Songwriters from New Jersey]]
[[Category:Songwriters from New York]]

Glenn Slater

2017-01-11T14:35:19Z

JDDJS: /* Early life */

{{Infobox person
|name = Glenn Slater
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = 1968
|birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
}}
'''Glenn Slater''' (born 1968) is an American [[lyricist]] who collaborates with [[Alan Menken]] and other [[musical theatre]] composers. He was nominated for the [[Tony Award]] for [[Tony Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] for the Broadway version of ''[[The Little Mermaid (musical)|The Little Mermaid]]'' at the [[62nd Tony Awards]] in 2008, his second Tony nomination for ''[[Sister Act (musical)|Sister Act]]'' at the [[65th Tony Awards]] in 2011, and his third Tony nomination for [[School of Rock (musical)|School of Rock]] at the [[70th Tony Awards]] in 2016.

==Early life==
Slater was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], but raised in [[East Brunswick, New Jersey]]. In 1990, he graduated at [[Harvard University]] where he composed [[Hasty Pudding Theatricals]]' 141st production, ''Whiskey Business''. He has received the [[ASCAP|ASCAP Foundation]]'s Richard Rodgers New Horizon Award with composer Stephen Weiner.

==Career==
Slater wrote the lyrics for the [[Off-Broadway]] stage revue ''Newyorkers'' produced by the [[Manhattan Theatre Club]] in 2001.<ref name=play2>Jones, Kenneth.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/58759-New-Revue-Newyorkers-Premieres-at-MTC-Feb-27-Opens-March-20 "New Revue, Newyorkers, Premieres at MTC Feb. 27; Opens March 20"], playbill.com, February 27, 2001</ref> He has written lyrics for six editions of [[Ringling Brothers & Barnum and Bailey Circus]].

His first work with Alan Menken was writing the lyrics for the film ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)|Home on the Range]]'' in 2004 and the stage production ''[[Sister Act the Musical]]'' (2006).<ref>Hernandez, Ernio.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/105127-Sister-Act-Musical-Opens-Run-at-Atlantas-Alliance-Jan-24 Sister Act Musical Opens Run at Atlanta's Alliance Jan. 24"] playbill.com, January 24, 2007</ref>

He wrote the lyrics for the stage adaptation of [[Disney]]'s ''[[The Little Mermaid (musical)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (2008), replacing the animated film's original lyricist [[Howard Ashman]], who died in 1991.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/101856-Disneys-The-Little-Mermaid-to-Premiere-in-Denver-in-2007 "Disney's The Little Mermaid to Premiere in Denver in 2007"] playbill.com, September 6, 2006</ref> He also worked with Menken on the new musical version of ''[[Leap of Faith (musical)|Leap of Faith]]''.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/118647-Tony-Nominees-Menken-and-Slater-Have-Full-Plate-with-Mermaid-Faith-and-Sister-Act "Tony Nominees Menken and Slater Have Full Plate with Mermaid, Faith and Sister Act"], playbill.com, June 13, 2008</ref>

Slater and his wife, Wendy Leigh Wilf, wrote the book, music and lyrics to a new musical ''Beatsville'' that received a production at the 2008 NAMT Festival of New Musicals, in New York. It is based on the 1959 Roger Corman film ''[[A Bucket of Blood]]''.<ref>Hetrick, Adam.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/119576-New-Music-NAMT-Announces-Selections-for-2008-Festival-of-New-Musicals New Music: "NAMT Announces Selections for 2008 Festival of New Musicals"] playbill.com, July 17, 2008</ref>

He has also composed the lyrics and co-wrote the book for the major [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] musical ''[[Love Never Dies (musical)|Love Never Dies]]'', which is a sequel to Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|The Phantom of the Opera]]''. The show premiered in the [[West End theatre|West End]] in March 2010.<ref>Gans, Andrew and Shenton, Mark.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/133630-Lloyd-Webbers-Love-Never-Dies-to-Premiere-in-London-in-March-2010-New-York-Australia-to-Follow "Lloyd Webber's Love Never Dies to Premiere in London in March 2010; New York, Australia to Follow"], playbill.com, October 8, 2009</ref> After widespread criticism of Slater's lyrics on the show's opening, Charles Hart was brought in to substantially rewrite parts of the libretto.

Adding to his career as a lyricist, Slater wrote the lyrics for the songs in Disney's 50th animated feature ''[[Tangled]]''. In 2015 he worked again with [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] for the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musical [[School of Rock (musical)|''School of Rock'']] and continued his working relationship with [[Alan Menken]] writing lyrics for the songs of ''[[Galavant]]'' on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/andrew-lloyd-webbers-school-of-rock-musical-coming-to-broadway-in-november/?_r=0 | title=Andrew Lloyd Webber’s ‘School of Rock’ Musical Coming to Broadway in November | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | work=nytimes.com | date=18 December 2014 | accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref>

Slater attended the BMI Musical Theatre Workshop and was a resident writer with Musical Theatreworks.<ref name=play2/>

==Awards and honors==
Slater has received the Kleban Award for Lyrics, the [[ASCAP Foundation Richard Rodgers New Horizons Award]] and the Jonathan Larson Award.<ref name=play1>[http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/whoswho/biography/9678 Slater credits] playbill.com, accessed February 1, 2010</ref>

He was nominated for the 2008 [[Tony Award for Best Original Score]] for ''The Little Mermaid'' and received his second nomination for this award in 2011 for ''[[Sister Act (musical)|Sister Act]]''.<ref>http://broadwayworld.com/article/2011-Tony-Nominations-Announced-THE-BOOK-OF-MORMON-Leads-With-14-20110503</ref>

He won a [[Grammy Award]] at the 2012 Grammy Awards (held on 12 February 2012), in the [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written for Visual Media]] category for the song "I See The Light" from the animation movie ''[[Tangled]]''.

==Personal==
Slater lives in [[New York City]] with his wife Wendy Leigh Wilf and two sons, Benjamin and Daniel.<ref name=play1/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=80644 Internet Broadway Database listing]
*[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=people&keyword=name&first=Glenn&last=Slater&middle= Internet Off-Broadway listing]
*[http://americantheatrewing.org/biography/detail/glenn_slater Biography at americantheatrewing.org]
*[http://www.sisteractthemusical.com/creative/lyrics.php Biography at sisteractthemusical.com]
*{{IMDb name|1637698|Glenn Slater}}



{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slater, Glenn}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:American musical theatre lyricists]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:People from East Brunswick, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Songwriters from New Jersey]]
[[Category:Songwriters from New York]]

Serge F. Kovaleski

2017-01-11T01:54:19Z

JDDJS: Reverted edits by Bhdave (talk) to last version by Drewmutt

{{Infobox writer
| name = Serge F. Kovaleski
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Cape Town, South Africa]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Investigative journalist
| language =
| nationality = American
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education = [[College of William & Mary]] (B.A., 1984)
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notableworks = 
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = Pulitzer Prize, 2009; George Polk Award, 2016
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active = 1980s–present
| module =
| website = 
| portaldisp = 
}}

'''Serge F. Kovaleski''' is an investigative reporter at ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name=nytbio>{{cite web |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| title = Serge F. Kovaleski | url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/serge_f_kovaleski/index.html | accessdate = November 27, 2015}}</ref> He contributed to reporting that won ''The New York Times'' a [[Pulitzer Prize]] for its investigation of the [[Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal]].<ref name=wm/><ref name=pulitzerspitzer>{{cite web|publisher=[[The Pulitzer Prizes]] |title=The Pulitzer Prizes: Spitzer Wrestles Over Response, Paralyzing Albany: Wife Said to Urge Fighting On |year=2009 |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8331 |accessdate=November 27, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208094652/http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8331 |archivedate=December 8, 2015 }}</ref><ref name=pulitzer2>{{cite web|first1=Serge F. |last1=Kovaleski |first2=Ian |last2=Urbina |date=March 13, 2008 |title=The Pulitzer Prizes: The Young Woman in Question, 22 and Worried About the Rent |publisher=''The New York Times'' (republished by [[The Pulitzer Prizes]] for 2009 award recognition) |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8332 |accessdate=November 27, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208173739/http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8332 |archivedate=December 8, 2015 }}</ref>
==Early life==
Born in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]],<ref name=nytbio/> Kovaleski spent his early childhood in [[Sydney, Australia]], until his family moved to [[New York City]] in the 1970s.<ref name="dwight">{{cite news |author= Staff|date= March 18, 2016|title= Pulitzer Prize-Winning Journalist Serge Kovaleski '79 Asks the Tough Questions |url= https://www.dwight.edu/news/news-post-page/~post/pulitzer-prize-winning-journalist-serge-kovaleski-79-asks-the-tough-questions-20160318|newspaper= Dwight School|location= |access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref>

He graduated in 1984 from the [[College of William & Mary]] in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]] with a degree in philosophy.<ref name="wm">{{cite news |last= Zagursky |first= Erin |date= May 28, 2009|title= Serge Kovaleski ('84) earns Pulitzer Prize|url= http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2009/serge-kovaleski-84-earns-pulitzer-prize-123.php|newspaper= William & Mary News|publisher=College of William & Mary |location= Williamsburg, Virginia|access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref> After receiving his bachelor's degree, Kovaleski studied French philosophy at the [[Sorbonne]] in Paris. His travels through Europe before the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] inspired him to become a journalist.<ref name="dwight"/>

==Career==
Kovaleski began his journalism career in the mid-1980s at the ''Miami News''.<ref name="wm"/> He then worked for the ''[[New York Daily News]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref name="wm"/> and ''[[Money (magazine)|Money]]'' magazine.<ref name="nytbio"/> He joined the ''New York Times'' in July 2006 as an investigative and general assignment reporter on the Metro desk.<ref name="nytbio"/><ref name="wm"/> He joined the Culture desk as an investigative journalist in 2014,<ref name=nytbio/> and moved to the National desk in 2016.<ref name="nytbio"/><ref name="jr">{{cite news |last= Romensko|first= Jim |date= November 7, 2014|title= Serge Kovaleski is named New York Times Culture department investigative reporter|url= http://jimromenesko.com/2014/11/07/serge-kovaleski-is-named-new-york-times-culture-department-investigative-reporter/|newspaper= JimRomenesko.com|location= |access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 2009, Kovaleski received a Pulitzer Prize for "Breaking News Reporting."<ref name="wm"/>

In 2016, he and Nicholas Kulish, Christopher Drew, Mark Mazzetti, Matthew Rosenberg, Sean D. Naylor and John Ismay received a [[George Polk Awards]] for their investigation into allegations that members of the U.S. Navy SEAL Team 6 abused Afghan detainees.<ref name="polk">{{cite news |author= Staff|date= February 16, 2016 |title= The New York Times Wins Three Polk Awards|url= http://www.nytco.com/the-new-york-times-wins-three-polk-awards/|newspaper= Press Run|publisher=The New York Times|location=|access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref>

== Ridicule by Donald Trump ==

In a November 21, 2015 speech, presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]] claimed that "thousands and thousands of people were cheering" in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]] as the [[September 11 attacks|World Trade Center collapsed]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://rsbn.tv/watch-donald-trump-rally-in-birmingham-al-november-21-2015/|title=Full Speech: Donald Trump Rally in Birmingham, AL- November 21, 2015 – Right Side Broadcasting|date=November 21, 2015|newspaper=Right Side Broadcasting|language=en-US|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref>

After this claim was questioned,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/11/22/donald-trumps-outrageous-claim-that-thousands-of-new-jersey-muslims-celebrated-the-911-attacks/|title=Trump's outrageous claim that 'thousands' of New Jersey Muslims celebrated the 9/11 attacks|website=Washington Post|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref> the Trump campaign pointed to a September 18, 2001 ''Washington Post'' article that Kovaleski had co-authored with Fredrick Kunkle, as substantiation of the claim. According to the article, "law enforcement authorities detained and questioned a number of people who were allegedly seen celebrating the attacks and holding tailgate-style parties on rooftops while they watched the devastation."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/09/18/northern-new-jersey-draws-probers-eyes/40f82ea4-e015-4d6e-a87e-93aa433fafdc/|title=Northern New Jersey Draws Probers' Eyes|last=Kovaleski|first=Serge F. and Fredrick Kunkle|date=18 September 2001|website=Washington Post|publisher=|access-date= December 27, 2016}}</ref>

Kovaleski issued the following written statement in response to the Trump campaign's adoption of his report as factual basis for their candidate's assertion that thousands of Muslims in the U.S. publicly celebrated the destruction of the World Trade Center, a claim Trump has used to support his call for the surveillance of mosques and the establishment of a registry for U.S. Muslims:<ref>{{Citation|last=Right Side Broadcasting|title=FULL Speech HD: Donald Trump MASSIVE Rally in Birmingham, AL (11-21-15)|date=November 21, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmPqV41bfC0|accessdate=December 28, 2016}}</ref>

<blockquote>I certainly do not remember anyone saying that thousands or even hundreds of people were celebrating. That was not the case, as best as I can remember.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-revisionist-history-of-mocking-a-disabled-reporter/|title=Donald Trump's revisionist history of mocking a disabled reporter|website=Washington Post|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref></blockquote>

After Kovaleski's response, Trump said in a November 25, 2015 speech in South Carolina: "You've got to see this guy: 'Uhh, I don't know what I said. Uhh, I don't remember,' he's going like 'I don't remember. Maybe that's what I said.'"<ref>{{Citation|title=Trump mocks reporter with disability - CNN Video|url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2015/11/26/donald-trump-mocks-reporter-with-disability-berman-sot-ac.cnn|accessdate=December 28, 2016}}</ref> Trump bent his wrist severely and flailed his arms repeatedly as he spoke.

Kovaleski has [[arthrogryposis]], a condition causing joint [[contracture]] in his right arm and hand.<ref name="snopes">{{cite news |author=Staff|title= Donald Trump Criticized for Mocking Disabled Reporter|url= http://www.snopes.com/2016/07/28/donald-trump-criticized-for-mocking-disabled-reporter/|newspaper= Snopes.com|location= |date= July 28, 2016 |access-date= January 10, 2017}}</ref>

Following criticism, Trump said that he was not mocking Kovaleski's disability<ref name="nyttrumpmimicry">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/us/politics/donald-trump-says-his-mocking-of-new-york-times-reporter-was-misread.html|title=Donald Trump Says His Mocking of New York Times Reporter Was Misread|date=|author=|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=November 27, 2015}}</ref> because he did not know what Kovaleski looked like.<ref name="catholics">{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholics4trump.com/the-true-story-donald-trump-did-not-mock-a-reporters-disability |title=The True Story: Donald Trump Did Not Mock A Reporter's Disability|website=Catholics4Trump.com|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="catholics2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholics4trump.com/even-more-video-evidence-trump-did-not-mock-reporters-disability/
|title=Even MORE Video Evidence Trump Did Not Mock Reporter's Disability |website=Catholics4Trump.com|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref>

Kovaleski said that while reporting on Trump for the ''New York Daily News'', the two had been on a first-name basis and had met face-to-face on a dozen occasions, including interviews and press conferences.<ref name="nyttrumpmimicry"/>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Authority control}}
*{{C-SPAN|Serge Kovaleski}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kovaleski, Serge F.}}
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:American investigative journalists]]
[[Category:American journalists]]
[[Category:College of William & Mary alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:The New York Times people]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize winners for journalism]]
[[Category:People with arthrogryposis]]
[[Category:South African emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Writers from Cape Town]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]

Serge F. Kovaleski

2017-01-10T18:11:23Z

JDDJS: /* Ridicule by Donald Trump */ youtube is not a reliable source

{{Infobox writer
| name = Serge F. Kovaleski
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Cape Town, South Africa]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Investigative journalist
| language =
| nationality = American
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education = [[College of William & Mary]], B.A., 1984
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notableworks = 
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = Pulitzer Prize, 2009; Military Reporting Polk Award, 2016
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active = 1980s–present
| module =
| website = 
| portaldisp = 
}}

'''Serge F. Kovaleski''' is an investigative reporter at ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name=nytbio>{{cite web |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| title = Serge F. Kovaleski | url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/serge_f_kovaleski/index.html | accessdate = November 27, 2015}}</ref> He contributed to reporting that won ''The New York Times'' a [[Pulitzer Prize]] for its investigation of the [[Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal]].<ref name=wm/><ref name=pulitzerspitzer>{{cite web|publisher=[[The Pulitzer Prizes]] |title=The Pulitzer Prizes: Spitzer Wrestles Over Response, Paralyzing Albany: Wife Said to Urge Fighting On |year=2009 |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8331 |accessdate=November 27, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208094652/http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8331 |archivedate=December 8, 2015 }}</ref><ref name=pulitzer2>{{cite web|first1=Serge F. |last1=Kovaleski |first2=Ian |last2=Urbina |date=March 13, 2008 |title=The Pulitzer Prizes: The Young Woman in Question, 22 and Worried About the Rent |publisher=''The New York Times'' (republished by [[The Pulitzer Prizes]] for 2009 award recognition) |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8332 |accessdate=November 27, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208173739/http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/8332 |archivedate=December 8, 2015 }}</ref>
==Early life==
Born in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]],<ref name=nytbio/> Kovaleski spent his early childhood in [[Sydney, Australia]], until his family moved to [[New York City]] in the 1970s.<ref name="dwight">{{cite news |author= Staff|date= March 18, 2016|title= Pulitzer Prize-Winning Journalist Serge Kovaleski '79 Asks the Tough Questions |url= https://www.dwight.edu/news/news-post-page/~post/pulitzer-prize-winning-journalist-serge-kovaleski-79-asks-the-tough-questions-20160318|newspaper= Dwight School|location= |access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref>

He graduated in 1984 from the [[College of William & Mary]] in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]] with a degree in philosophy.<ref name="wm">{{cite news |last= Zagursky |first= Erin |date= May 28, 2009|title= Serge Kovaleski ('84) earns Pulitzer Prize|url= http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2009/serge-kovaleski-84-earns-pulitzer-prize-123.php|newspaper= William & Mary News|publisher=College of William & Mary |location= Williamsburg, Virginia|access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref> After receiving his bachelor's degree, Kovaleski studied French philosophy at the [[Sorbonne]] in Paris. His travels through Europe before the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] inspired him to become a journalist.<ref name="dwight"/>

==Career==
Kovaleski began his journalism career in the mid-1980s at the ''Miami News''.<ref name="wm"/> He then worked for the ''[[New York Daily News]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref name="wm"/> and ''[[Money (magazine)|Money]]'' magazine.<ref name="nytbio"/> He joined the ''New York Times'' in July 2006 as an investigative and general assignment reporter on the Metro desk.<ref name="nytbio"/><ref name="wm"/> He joined the Culture desk as an investigative journalist in 2014,<Ref name="jr">{{cite news |last= Romensko|first= Jim |date= November 7, 2014|title= Serge Kovaleski is named New York Times Culture department investigative reporter|url= http://jimromenesko.com/2014/11/07/serge-kovaleski-is-named-new-york-times-culture-department-investigative-reporter/|newspaper= JimRomenesko.com|location= |access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name=nytbio/> and moved to the National desk in 2016.<ref name="nytbio"/>

==Awards==
In 2009, Kovaleski received a Pulitzer Prize for "Breaking News Reporting."<ref name="wm"/>

In 2016, he and Nicholas Kulish, Christopher Drew, Mark Mazzetti, Matthew Rosenberg, Sean D. Naylor and John Ismay received a Military Reporting Polk Award for their investigation into allegations that members of the U.S. Navy SEAL Team 6 abused Afghan detainees.<ref name="polk">{{cite news |author= Staff|date= February 16, 2016 |title= The New York Times Wins Three Polk Awards|url= http://www.nytco.com/the-new-york-times-wins-three-polk-awards/|newspaper= Press Run|publisher=The New York Times|location=|access-date= January 9, 2017}}</ref>

== Ridicule by Donald Trump ==

After candidate Donald J. Trump's assertion (made in a speech delivered on November 21, 2015) that<blockquote>"I watched when the World Trade Center came tumbling down. And I watched in Jersey City, New Jersey where thousands and thousands of people were cheering as that building was coming down, thousands of people were cheering, so something is going on. We got to find out what it is. I do want surveillance"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://rsbn.tv/watch-donald-trump-rally-in-birmingham-al-november-21-2015/|title=Full Speech: Donald Trump Rally in Birmingham, AL- November 21, 2015 – Right Side Broadcasting|date=November 21, 2015|newspaper=Right Side Broadcasting|language=en-US|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref></blockquote>was met with widespread disbelief,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/11/22/donald-trumps-outrageous-claim-that-thousands-of-new-jersey-muslims-celebrated-the-911-attacks/|title=Trump’s outrageous claim that ‘thousands’ of New Jersey Muslims celebrated the 9/11 attacks|website=Washington Post|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref> the Trump campaign pointed to Kovaleski's September 18, 2001 report for the ''Washington Post'' (co-authored with Fredrick Kunkle) that "law enforcement authorities detained and questioned a number of people who were allegedly seen celebrating the attacks and holding tailgate-style parties on rooftops while they watched the devastation"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/09/18/northern-new-jersey-draws-probers-eyes/40f82ea4-e015-4d6e-a87e-93aa433fafdc/|title=Northern New Jersey Draws Probers' Eyes|last=Kovaleski|first=Serge F. and Fredrick Kunkle|date=18 September 2001|website=Washington Post|publisher=|access-date= December 27, 2016}}</ref> as substantiation of the claim.
Kovaleski issued the following written statement in response to the Trump campaign's adoption of his report as factual basis for their candidate's assertion that thousands of Muslims in the U.S. publicly celebrated the destruction of the World Trade Center, a claim Trump has used to support his call for the surveillance of mosques and the establishment of a registry for U.S. Muslims:<ref>{{Citation|last=Right Side Broadcasting|title=FULL Speech HD: Donald Trump MASSIVE Rally in Birmingham, AL (11-21-15)|date=November 21, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmPqV41bfC0|accessdate=2016-12-28}}</ref> “I certainly do not remember anyone saying that thousands or even hundreds of people were celebrating. That was not the case, as best as I can remember.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-revisionist-history-of-mocking-a-disabled-reporter/|title=Donald Trump’s revisionist history of mocking a disabled reporter|website=Washington Post|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref>

This statement by Kovaleski prompted Trump to remark in a November 25, 2015 speech given in South Carolina, "You’ve got to see this guy: 'Uhh, I don't know what I said. Uhh, I don't remember,' he's going like 'I don't remember. Maybe that's what I said.'"<ref>{{Citation|title=Trump mocks reporter with disability - CNN Video|url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2015/11/26/donald-trump-mocks-reporter-with-disability-berman-sot-ac.cnn|accessdate=2016-12-28}}</ref> Trump bent his wrist severely and flailed his arms repeatedly as he spoke giving many viewers the impression that his intent was not only to ridicule the reporter's words but also to mock the physical appearance of Kovaleski, who has [[arthrogryposis]].

Trump later claimed that he could not have been mocking Kovaleski's disability<ref name="nyttrumpmimicry">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/us/politics/donald-trump-says-his-mocking-of-new-york-times-reporter-was-misread.html|title=Donald Trump Says His Mocking of New York Times Reporter Was Misread|date=|author=|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=November 27, 2015}}</ref> because he did not know what Kovaleski looked like. Catholics4Trump.com published a story detailing reasons to disbelieve the claim that Trump mocked the reporter for being disabled <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholics4trump.com/the-true-story-donald-trump-did-not-mock-a-reporters-disability/
/|title=The True Story: Donald Trump Did Not Mock A Reporter's Disability|website=Catholics4Trump.com|access-date=2017-01-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholics4trump.com/even-more-video-evidence-trump-did-not-mock-reporters-disability/
/|title=Even MORE Video Evidence Trump Did Not Mock Reporter's Disability |website=Catholics4Trump.com|access-date=2017-01-10}}</ref>

Kovaleski responded by claiming that he had been on a first-name basis with Trump and had had perhaps a dozen face-to-face encounters with him, including interviews and press conferences, while reporting on Trump for the ''New York Daily News''.<ref name="nyttrumpmimicry"/>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Authority control}}
*{{C-SPAN|Serge Kovaleski}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kovaleski, Serge F.}}
[[Category:21st-century American journalists]]
[[Category:American investigative journalists]]
[[Category:American journalists]]
[[Category:College of William & Mary alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:The New York Times people]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize winners for journalism]]
[[Category:People with arthrogryposis]]
[[Category:South African emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Writers from Cape Town]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]

Die Schöne und das Biest (2017)

2016-08-11T22:58:22Z

JDDJS: removed Category:Films with live action and animation using HotCat

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Beauty and the Beast
| image = Beauty and the Beast 2017 poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Teaser poster
| director = [[Bill Condon]]
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
* [[Stephen Chbosky]]
* [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]]
}}
| based on = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]]'s ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' by [[Linda Woolverton]] ''[[Beauty and the Beast]]'' by [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Emma Watson]]
* [[Dan Stevens]]
* [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]]
* [[Kevin Kline]]
* [[Josh Gad]]
* [[Ewan McGregor]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
* [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]]
* [[Audra McDonald]]
* [[Ian McKellen]]
* [[Emma Thompson]]
}}
| music = [[Alan Menken]]<ref name=thr/>
| cinematography = [[Tobias A. Schliessler]]
| editing = Virginia Katz
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Walt Disney Pictures]]
* [[Mandeville Films]]
}}
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{film date|2017|3|17}}
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
| producers = {{plainlist|
* [[David Hoberman]]<ref name=thr>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/beauty-beast-teaser-tops-star-897032|title='Beauty and the Beast' Teaser Tops 'Star Wars: Force Awakens' in First Day|last=McClintock|first=Pamela|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=May 24, 2016|accessdate=May 25, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Todd Lieberman]]<ref name=thr/>
}}
}}
'''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is an upcoming American [[romantic fantasy]] [[musical film]] directed by [[Bill Condon]], produced by [[David Hoberman]] and [[Todd Lieberman]], and written by [[Stephen Chbosky]] and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]]. The film is a [[Live action|live-action]] remake of the [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|1991 animated film of the same name]], itself an adaptation of [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]'s [[Beauty and the Beast|fairy tale]]. The film stars an [[ensemble cast]] that includes [[Emma Watson]], [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Kevin Kline]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]], [[Audra McDonald]], [[Ian McKellen]], and [[Emma Thompson]].

[[Principal photography]] began at [[Shepperton Studios]] in [[Surrey]], England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. The film is to be released on March 17, 2017, in standard, [[Disney Digital 3-D]], [[RealD 3D]], and [[IMAX 3D]] formats.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Ian|last2=Acuna|first2=Kristin|url=http://www.techinsider.io/disney-movies-until-2019-2015-8|title=Disney announced all its movies coming in the next 4 years — here's what you have to look forward to|publisher=[[Tech Insider]]|date=October 27, 2015|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Belle (Disney)|Belle]] is a young woman who is taken prisoner by a [[Beast (Disney)|Beast]] in his castle. Despite her fears, she befriends the castle's enchanted staff and learns to look beyond the Beast's exterior to recognize the true heart and soul of the human Prince within, just as a hunter named [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Gaston|Gaston]] is on the loose to take Belle for himself and hunt down the Beast at any cost.

==Cast==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Emma Watson]] as [[Belle (Disney)|Belle]]<ref name="WatsonCast" />
* [[Dan Stevens]] as [[Beast (Disney)|The Beast]]<ref name="StevensCast" />
* [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Gaston|Gaston]]<ref name="EvansCast" />
* [[Emma Thompson]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Mrs. Potts|Mrs. Potts]]<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline" />
* [[Ewan McGregor]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Lumière|Lumière]]<ref name="McGregorCast" />
* [[Ian McKellen]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Cogsworth|Cogsworth]]<ref name="McKellenCast" />
* [[Kevin Kline]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Maurice|Maurice]]<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline" />
* [[Josh Gad]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Le Fou|LeFou]]<ref name="GadCast" />
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Cadenza<ref name="TucciCast" />
* [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Babette|Plumette]]<ref name="RawCast" />
* [[Audra McDonald]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#The Wardrobe|Wardrobe]]<ref name="McDonaldCast" />
* Nathan Mack as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Chip Potts|Chip Potts]]
* [[Adrian Schiller]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast #Monsieur D'Arque|Monsieur D'Arque]]
* [[Hattie Morahan]] as Agathe, the Enchantress
* Henry Garrett as the King
* Harriet Jones as the Queen
{{div col end}}

==Production==
===Development===
Previously in 2009, Disney began progress on a film adaptation of the [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|1994 Broadway musical]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Marmiroli|first=Adriana|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2009/06/05/spettacoli/alan-menken-adesso-musical-anche-in-italia-tpFNsKZZjpc7PLwUeVEkKM/pagina.html|title=Alan Menken Adesso musicalanche in Italia|work=[[La Stampa]]|date=June 5, 2009|accessdate=May 21, 2015|language=Italian|trans-title=Alan Menken musicals now in Itaty}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hill|first=Jim|url=http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/jim_hilll/archive/2009/07/01/hollywood-bets-big-on-beast-considers-remake-of-my-fair-lady.aspx|title=Hollywood bets big on 'Beast,' considers remake of 'My Fair Lady'|work=Jim Hill Media|date=July 1, 2009|accessdate=May 21, 2015}}</ref> However, in a 2011 interview, composer [[Alan Menken]] stated the planned film version of the ''Beauty and the Beast'' stage musical "was canned."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/725326/alan_menken_interview_tangled_movie_scores_musicals_enchanted_2_snow_queen_and_more.html|last=Brew|first=Simon|title=Alan Menken interview: Tangled, movie scores, musicals, Enchanted 2, Snow Queen and more|accessdate=January 22, 2011|date=January 11, 2011|publisher=[[Dennis Publishing|Den of Geek]]}}</ref>

In April 2014, it was reported that [[Walt Disney Pictures]] began developing a new live-action version and remake of ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' after making other live-action fantasy films such as ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]'', ''[[Maleficent (film)|Maleficent]]'', ''[[Cinderella (2015 Disney film)|Cinderella]]'', and ''[[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|The Jungle Book]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chitwood|first1=Adam|title=Rumor: Could Bill Condon Direct Disney’s Live-Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST?|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-bill-condon/|accessdate=May 20, 2015|publisher=[[Collider.com]]|date=April 11, 2014}}</ref> On June 4, 2014, [[Bill Condon]] signed on to direct the film with [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Film for Disney|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/|accessdate=January 27, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 4, 2014}}</ref> Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but he also planned to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Ashman songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|last=Tapley|first=Kristopher|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=[[HitFix]]|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> In September 2014, it was announced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') would re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sperling|first=Nicole|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast/ |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> Menken will return to score the film's music, which will feature songs from the original film and new material written by Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=May 28, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In June 2015, Menken said the film will not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web|last=Robbins|first=Caryn|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=Broadway World|date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015}}</ref>

===Casting===
On January 26, 2015, [[Emma Watson]] announced that she would be starring as [[Belle (Disney)|Belle]], the female lead.<ref name=WatsonCast>{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Erik|title=Emma Watson Cast in Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/emma-watson-cast-disneys-live-767095|accessdate=January 27, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 26, 2015}}</ref> On March 4, 2015, [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]] and [[Dan Stevens]] were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney’s ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/|accessdate=March 9, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 9, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref> and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through [[Twitter|tweets]].<ref name=StevensCast>{{cite tweet|author=Emma Watson|author-link=Emma Watson|user=EmWatson|title=Could not be more happy that this man will be Beast!!! Welcome aboard @thatdanstevens #beautyandthebeast pic.twitter.com/F1ghG3pvcU|number=573425651149094912|date=March 5, 2015|accessdate=March 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name=EvansCast>{{cite tweet|author=Emma Watson|author-link=Emma Watson|user=EmWatson|title=Bonjour Gaston! ❤️ Welcome! #BeautyAndTheBeast pic.twitter.com/oerhe1ilGs|number=573430507633000448|date=March 5, 2015|accessdate=March 9, 2015}}</ref> [[Josh Gad]] was added to the cast on March 13, 2015, to play LeFou, Gaston's sidekick.<ref name=GadCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061|accessdate=March 15, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 13, 2015}}</ref> [[Emma Thompson]] joined the cast on March 16, 2015, to play Mrs. Potts and [[Kevin Kline]] was announced to play Maurice, Belle's father.<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline" /> [[Audra McDonald]] was cast as Garderobe, the wardrobe, on March 27, 2015.<ref name=McDonaldCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Audra McDonald Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/audra-mcdonald-joining-disneys-live-784159|accessdate=April 16, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 27, 2015}}</ref> [[Ian McKellen]] was cast on April 10, 2015, as Cogsworth, the Beast's loyal butler, who was cursed into a clock.<ref name=McKellenCast>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney’s ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-beast-ian-mckellen-cogsworth-1201464763/|accessdate=April 11, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 10, 2015}}</ref> On April 13, 2015, [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] was set to play Plumette, the feather duster.<ref name=RawCast>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=‘Beyond the Lights’ Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581/|accessdate=April 14, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 13, 2015}}</ref> On April 21, it was announced that [[Ewan McGregor]] had joined the cast as Lumière, the candelabra,<ref name=McGregorCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480|accessdate=May 19, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=April 21, 2015}}</ref> and later that same day, that [[Stanley Tucci]] would be playing Cadenza, a grand piano, an original character created for the film.<ref name=TucciCast>{{cite web|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=May 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://decoy.tvpassport.com/q_a/q-january-i-read-emma-watson-was-star-disneys-live-action-beauty-and-beast-film-and-production-w?subid=national-00001|title=Q & A|last=Thomlison|first=Adam|publisher=TV Media|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

[[Susan Egan]], who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as "perfect".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Original-Broadway-Belle-Susan-Egan-Comments-on-Emma-Watson-in-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-20150126|title=Original Broadway 'Belle' Susan Egan Comments on Emma Watson in BEAUTY AND THE BEAST|work=Broadway World|date=January 26, 2015|accessdate=August 11, 2015}}</ref> [[Paige O'Hara]], who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered to help Watson with her singing lessons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://watsonuncensored.blogspot.com/2015/02/paige-ohara-wants-to-teach-emma-watson.html|title=Paige O’Hara wants to teach Emma Watson|work=Emma Watson Updates|date=February 4, 2015|accessdate=August 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] on the film began at [[Shepperton Studios]] in [[London]] on May 18, 2015.<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Foutch|first1=Haleigh|title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on Allegiant and Disney’s Beauty and the Beast|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/|accessdate=May 19, 2015|work=[[Collider.com]]|date=March 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=On the Set for 5/18/15: Emma Watson Starts ‘Beauty and the Beast’, Oliver Stone Wraps ‘Snowden’, Melissa Mccarthy Finishes ‘Michelle Darnell’ & More|url=http://www.ssninsider.com/on-the-set-for-51815-emma-watson-starts-beauty-and-the-beast-oliver-stone-wraps-snowden-melissa-mccarthy-finishes-michelle-darnell-more/|accessdate=May 18, 2015|publisher=SSN Insider|date=May 18, 2015}}</ref> Filming with the principal actors concluded on August 21.<ref>{{cite news|last=Trumbore|first=Dave|title=Emma Watson Wraps ‘Beauty and the Beast’ on ‘Harry Potter’ Anniversary|url=http://collider.com/emma-watson-wraps-beauty-and-the-beast-on-harry-potter-anniversary/|accessdate=August 23, 2015|publisher=[[Collider.com]]|date=August 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Twitter Watch: Emma Watson & Luke Evans Wrap Filming on BEAUTY AND THE BEAST|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Twitter-Watch-Emma-Watson-Luke-Evans-Wrap-Filming-on-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-20150824|accessdate=August 27, 2015|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Six days later, co-producer Jack Morrissey confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=August 27, 2015|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015}}</ref>

==Release==
On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released in 3D on March 17, 2017.<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline">{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Rebecca|title=Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Gets Release Date|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disneys-live-action-beauty-beast-781683|accessdate=March 16, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day [[Disney D23|D23 Expo]] in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Couch|first1=Aaron|last2=Kit|first2=Borys|title=Disney Shows off 'Pirates 5,' 'Beauty and the Beast' at D23|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disney-shows-pirates-5-beauty-815626|accessdate=August 15, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>

===Marketing===
Following an announcement on May 22, 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gallagher|first1=Simon|title=Disney's Live Action Beauty & The Beast Trailer Debuts Tomorrow|url=http://whatculture.com/film/disneys-live-action-beauty-the-beast-trailer-debuts-tomorrow|website=WhatCulture.com|accessdate=May 22, 2016}}</ref> Disney premiered the first official teaser trailer on ''[[Good Morning America]]'' the next day.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Collis|first1=Clark|title=Beauty and the Beast trailer: Disney's live-action remake debuts first teaser|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/05/23/beauty-beast-trailer-emma-watson|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=May 23, 2016}}</ref> In its first 24 hours, the trailer reached 91.8 million views, which topped the number of views seen in that amount of time in history, including for the teasers for other films distributed by Disney such as ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]'', ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' and ''[[Avengers: Age of Ultron]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gettell|first1=Oliver|title=Beauty and the Beast teaser outpaces Star Wars, Marvel in first day|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/05/24/beauty-beast-teaser-tops-star-wars-marvel|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=May 25, 2016}}</ref> The first official teaser poster was released on July 7, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Collis|first1=Clark|title=Beauty and the Beast debuts new teaser poster with flower power|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/07/beauty-and-the-beast-poster|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|accessdate=July 7, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast-2017}}
*{{IMDb title|2771200}}

{{Beauty and the Beast}}
{{Disney Princess}}
{{Alan Menken|state=collapsed}}
{{Bill Condon}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 3D films]]
[[Category:2010s musical films]]
[[Category:2010s romance films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American 3D films]]
[[Category:IMAX films]]
[[Category:American fantasy films]]
[[Category:American musical films]]
[[Category:Disney film remakes]]
[[Category:Films based on Beauty and the Beast]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bill Condon]]
[[Category:Mandeville Films films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:American romance films]]
[[Category:American children's fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Films set in France]]
[[Category:Romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films based on fairy tales]]
[[Category:Musical fantasy films]]
[[Category:Screenplays by Stephen Chbosky]]
[[Category:Films based on multiple works]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]

Biphobie

2016-05-18T02:17:39Z

JDDJS: /* Case studies */ this has been talked about how it needs to be improved or removed. Since nobody has done anything, I decided to remove it

[[File:Bi flag.svg|thumb|[[Bisexual Pride Flag]].]]
{{Discrimination sidebar}}
'''Biphobia''' is aversion toward [[bisexuality]] and bisexual people as a [[social group]] or as individuals. People of any [[sexual orientation]] can experience or perpetuate such feelings of aversion. Biphobia is a source of [[discrimination]] against bisexual people, and may be based on negative bisexual [[stereotype]]s or irrational fear.

== Etymology and usage ==
''Biphobia'' is a [[portmanteau word]] patterned on the term ''[[homophobia]]''. It derives from the English [[English prefixes#Neo-classical|neo-classical prefix]] ''bi-'' (meaning "two") from ''bisexual'' and the root ''-phobia'' (from the {{lang-el|φόβος}}, ''phóbos'', "fear") found in ''homophobia''. Along with ''[[transphobia]]'', ''homophobia'' and ''biphobia'' are members of the family of terms used when [[Bigotry|intolerance]] and discrimination are directed toward [[LGBT]] people.

''Biphobia'' need not be a [[phobia]] as defined in [[clinical psychology]] (i.e., an [[anxiety disorder]]). Its meaning and use typically parallel those of ''[[xenophobia]]''.

The [[adjective|adjectival]] form ''biphobic'' describes things or qualities related to biphobia, whereas the noun ''biphobe'' is a label for people thought to harbor biphobia.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Eliason, MJ|title=The prevalence and nature of biphobia in heterosexual undergraduate students|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=26|issue=3|year=1997|pages=317–26|pmid=9146816|doi=10.1023/A:1024527032040}}</ref>

== Negative stereotypes ==
While biphobia and homophobia are distinct phenomena, they do share some traits: with attraction to one's own gender being a part of bisexuality, the [[heterosexist]] view of heterosexuality being the only true attraction applies to bisexual people as well as to gay people. However, bisexuals are also stigmatized in other ways.

=== Denialism ===
The belief that bisexuality does not exist stems from [[Binary thinking|binary]] views of sexuality, that people are assumed to be exclusively homosexual ([[gay]]/[[lesbian]]) or heterosexual (straight), with bisexuals either [[The closet|closeted]] gay people wishing to appear heterosexual,<ref>Michael Musto, April 7, 2009. [http://blogs.villagevoice.com/dailymusto/archives/2009/04/ever_meet_a_rea.php Ever Meet a Real Bisexual?], ''The Village Voice''</ref> or experimenting with their sexuality,<ref name="bisexual erasure">{{cite journal |last=Yoshino |first=Kenji |authorlink=Kenji Yoshino |title=The Epistemic Contract of Bisexual Erasure |journal=[[Stanford Law Review]] |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=353–461 |publisher=[[Stanford Law School]] |date=January 2000 |url=http://www.kenjiyoshino.com/articles/epistemiccontract.pdf |doi=10.2307/1229482 |jstor=1229482 }}</ref><ref name="gold star">{{cite web|title=Why Do Lesbians Hate Bisexuals?|publisher=lesbilicious.co.uk|date=April 11, 2008|accessdate=March 26, 2011|url=http://www.lesbilicious.co.uk/community/why-do-lesbians-hate-bisexuals/}}</ref><ref name="bisexual workers">{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Geen|title=Bisexual workers 'excluded by lesbian and gay colleagues'|date=October 28, 2009|accessdate=March 26, 2011|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2009/10/28/bisexual-workers-excluded-by-lesbian-and-gay-colleagues}}</ref> and cannot be bisexual unless they are equally attracted towards men and women.<ref name="Dworkin">{{cite journal |author=Dworkin, SH |title=Treating the bisexual client|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology|volume=57|issue=5|year=2001|pages=671–80 | pmid=11304706 |doi=10.1002/jclp.1036}}</ref> [[Aphorism|Maxims]] such as "People are either gay, straight or lying" embody this [[dichotomous]] view of sexual orientations.<ref name="Dworkin"/> Bisexuals often face this type of discrimination from the heterosexual community, but are frequently eyed with suspicion by homosexuals as well, usually with the notion that bisexuals are able to escape oppression from heterosexuals because of their attraction towards the opposite gender. This leaves some that identify as bisexual to be perceived as "not enough of either" or "not real".<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Compulsory Bisexuality?: The Challenges of Modern Sexual Fluidity|url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299710903316661|journal = Journal of Bisexuality|date = 2009-11-13|issn = 1529-9716|pages = 431–449|volume = 9|issue = 3-4|doi = 10.1080/15299710903316661|first = Breanne|last = Fahs}}</ref>

Resulting negative stereotypes represent bisexuals as confused, undecided, dabblers, insecure, experimenting or "just going through a phase".<ref>[http://www.bisexualindex.org.uk/index.php/Main/ItsJustAPhase "It's Just A Phase" Is Just A Phrase], The Bisexual Index</ref> Attractions toward both sexes are considered fashionable as in "[[bisexual chic]]" or [[gender bending]]. This fashionability effects bisexual males, as they are often invalidated more than females in terms of their sexuality not being viewed as "hot". Another discriminatory tendency that often effects exclusively males is the stereotype that women can be bisexual, but men cannot. Relations are dismissed as a substitute for sex with members of the "right" sex or as a more accessible source of [[sexual gratification]]. [[Situational homosexuality]] due to [[Sex segregation|sex-segregated]] environments or groups such as the armed forces, schools, sports teams, religious orders, and [[prison sexuality|prisons]] is another facet of explaining why someone is allegedly temporarily gay.

=== Promiscuity ===
The strict association of bisexuality with promiscuity stems from a variety of negative stereotypes targeting bisexuals as mentally or socially unstable people for whom sexual relations only with men, only with women or only with one person is not enough. These stereotypes may result from cultural assumptions that "men and women are so different that desire for one is an entirely different beast from desire for the other" ("a defining feature of [[heterosexism]]"), and that "verbalizing a sexual desire inevitably leads to attempts to satisfy that desire."<ref>[http://www.pepperminty.com/writing/bis-and-slut-myth.pdf "Bisexuals and the Slut Myth"], presented at the 9th [[International Conference on Bisexuality]]</ref>

As a result, bisexuals bear a [[Stigma (sociological theory)|social stigma]] from accusations of cheating on or betraying their partners, leading a [[double life]], being "on the [[Down-low (sexual slang)|down-low]]", and spreading [[sexually transmitted disease]]s such as [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. They are characterized as being "slutty", insatiable, "easy", indiscriminate, and in the case of women, [[Hypersexuality|nymphomaniacs]]. Furthermore, they are strongly associated with [[polyamory]], [[Swinging (sexual practice)|swinging]], and [[polygamy]],<ref>[http://www.glaad.org/programs/cim/birepresentations.php GLAAD: Cultural Interest Media] {{Wayback |url=http://www.glaad.org/programs/cim/birepresentations.php |date=20060419203924 |bot=H3llBot}}</ref> the last being an established heterosexual tradition sanctioned by some religions and legal in several countries. People of any sexual orientation can change partners, practice [[serial monogamy]] or have multiple casual sex partners or multiple romantic relationships. The fact that bisexuals are potentially sexually attracted to both men and women does not mean that they must simultaneously engage in sexual relationships with both men and women to be satisfied, they can be happily married or in an exclusive relationship with one person of either gender.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

== Mental and sexual health effects ==
The mental and sexual health effects of biphobia on bisexuals are numerous. Studies show that bisexuals are often trapped in between the binaries of hetero vs homosexuality, creating a form of invalidation around their sexual identity. This often leads to recognized indicators of mental health issues such as low self-esteem and self-worth. These indicators and pressures to 'choose' a [[sexual identity]] can, in many cases, lead to [[depression (mood)|depression]] as they may feel they live in a culture that does not recognize their existence.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Individual and Social Factors Related to Mental Health Concerns among Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383005/|journal = Journal of bisexuality|date = 2012-01-01|issn = 1529-9716|pmc = 3383005|pmid = 22745591|pages = 223–245|volume = 12|issue = 2|first = Brian|last = Dodge|first2 = Phillip W.|last2 = Schnarrs|first3 = Michael|last3 = Reece|first4 = Omar|last4 = Martinez|first5 = Gabriel|last5 = Goncalves|first6 = David|last6 = Malebranche|first7 = Barbara|last7 = Van Der Pol|first8 = Ryan|last8 = Nix|first9 = J. Dennis|last9 = Fortenberry|doi=10.1080/15299716.2012.674862}}</ref>

While doing research on sexual tendencies of women who have sex with women, one study, from the Journal of Bisexuality, concluded that bisexual women are more likely to engage in various high risk behaviors and were more at risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Sexual and drug-use risk factors for HIV and STDs: a comparison of women with and without bisexual experiences.|url = http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.89.12.1841|journal = American Journal of Public Health|pages = 1841–1846|volume = 89|issue = 12|doi = 10.2105/ajph.89.12.1841|first = V|last = Gonzales|first2 = K M|last2 = Washienko|first3 = M R|last3 = Krone|first4 = L I|last4 = Chapman|first5 = E M|last5 = Arredondo|first6 = H J|last6 = Huckeba|first7 = A|last7 = Downer}}</ref> These behaviors have been attributed to the unlikeliness of bisexuals to discuss their sexuality and proper protection with health professionals for fear of judgement or discrimination, leaving them uneducated.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.lgbthealtheducation.org/wp-content/uploads/12-054_LGBTHealtharticle_v3_07-09-12.pdf|title = IMPROVING THE HEALTH CARE OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PEOPLE: Understanding and Eliminating Health Disparities|last = Makadon MD|first = Harvey J|date = 7/9/2012|journal = Fenway Institute|doi = |pmid = |access-date = |last2 = Ard MD, MPH|first2 = Kevin L|publisher = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services}}</ref>

== Bisexual erasure ==
[[Bisexual erasure]] or ''bisexual invisibility'' is the tendency to ignore, remove, falsify, or reexplain evidence of [[bisexuality]] in [[history]], [[academia]], the [[news media]], and other [[primary source]]s.<ref>[http://queersunited.blogspot.com/2008/05/word-of-gay-bisexual-erasure.html Word Of The Gay: BisexualErasure] May 16, 2008 "Queers United"</ref><ref>[http://ronsuresha.com/?p=1018 The B Word] Suresha, Ron. "The B Word," Options (Rhode Island), November 2004</ref> In its most extreme form, bisexual erasure can include denying that bisexuality exists.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hutchins |first=Loraine |authorlink=Loraine Hutchins |title=Sexual Prejudice: The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media |journal=[[American Sexuality magazine]] |volume=3 |issue=4 |publisher=[[National Sexuality Resource Center]] |year=2005 |url=http://nsrc.sfsu.edu/MagArticle.cfm?Article=475&PageID=0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://nsrc.sfsu.edu/MagArticle.cfm?Article=475&PageID=0 | title = Sexual Prejudice - The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media | accessdate = 2007-07-19 | last = Hutchins | first = Loraine | authorlink = Loraine Hutchins | work = American Sexuality Magazine | publisher = National Sexuality Resource Center, San Francisco State University | location = San Francisco, CA 94103, United States | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071216065035/http://nsrc.sfsu.edu/MagArticle.cfm?Article=475&PageID=0 | archivedate = 2007-12-16}}</ref> It is often a manifestation of biphobia, although it does not necessarily involve overt antagonism. However, there is also increasing support, inclusion, and visibility in both bisexual and non-bisexual communities, especially in the [[LGBT]] community.<ref name="Queers United">{{cite web |url=http://queersunited.blogspot.com/ |title=Queers United }}</ref><ref name="the task force">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetaskforce.org/issues/bisexuality |title=Task Force Report On Bisexuality }}</ref><ref name="HRC">{{cite web |url=http://www.hrc.org/issues/coming_out/bisexual/bisexual_articles.asp?listpage=2 |title=HRC article on bisexuality}}</ref><ref name="GLAAD">{{cite web |url=http://glaadbackup.com/2009/documents/GLAADNRI2009.pdf|title=GLAAD TV Report }}</ref><ref>Maria, September 24, 2009. [http://bisocialnews.com/how-far-have-we-come How Far Have We Come?], ''BiSocial News''</ref><ref name="Thirteen">{{cite web |url=http://ausiellofiles.ew.com/2008/10/27/greys-anatomy-s-3/ |title=Thirteen On House }}</ref>

Another place that biphobia often manifests is within the LGBTQI movement itself. While the name specifically claims inclusivity making reference to lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, queer identifying individuals, and intersex people, the needs of the BTQI community are often not prioritized in the same way that the needs of the LG community are. While the beginnings of the gay rights movement started in the late seventeen hundreds within groups of militant "sodomite-citizens" in Paris, it was not until 1997 that the UK’s first bisexual youth group was established.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = Including the B-word: Reflections on the place of bisexuality within lesbian and gay activism and psychology|last = Barker|first = Meg|date = 2004|journal = Lesbian and Gay Psychology Review|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }}</ref> In 1992, despite requests from the bisexual community for a more appropriate and inclusive category, the groundbreaking bisexual anthology ''[[Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out]]''<ref>{{cite web
|title=Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out Review
|publisher=International Gay & Lesbian Review
|url=http://gaybookreviews.info/review/2488/548
|accessdate=2007-11-25}}</ref> by [[Loraine Hutchins]] and [[Lani Kaahumanu]] was forced to compete (and lose) in the category "Lesbian Anthology" in the [[Lambda Literary Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web
|title=1991 Lambda Literary Awards Recipients
|publisher=Lambda Literary Foundation
|url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_1988_1991.html#1991
|accessdate=2007-11-25 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927024201/http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_1988_1991.html#1991  |archivedate = 2007-09-27}}</ref> Additionally, in 2005, ''Directed by Desire: Collected Poems'',<ref>{{cite web
|title=Directed by Desire: Collected Poems
|publisher=Copper Canyon Press
|url=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/article/178530
|accessdate=2011-10-16}}</ref> a posthumous collection of the bisexual [[Jamaican American]] writer [[June Jordan|June Jordan's]] work, had to compete (and win) in the category "Lesbian Poetry".<ref>{{cite web
|title=2005 Lambda Literary Awards Recipients
|publisher=Lambda Literary Foundation
|url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/winners-finalists/04/09/lambda-literary-awards-2005/ |accessdate=2011-10-16}}</ref> Led by [[BiNet USA]],<ref>{{cite web
|last=Curry
|first=Wendy
|authorlink=Wendy Curry
|title=What makes a book bisexual?
|work=Curried Spam
|publisher=BiNet USA
|year=2007
|url=http://www.binetusa.org/curriedspam.html#bibook
|accessdate=2007-11-25}}</ref> and assisted by other bisexual organizations including the [[American Institute of Bisexuality]], [[BiPOL]], and [[Bialogue]], the bisexual community launched a multi-year struggle that eventually culminated in 2006 with the addition of a Bisexual category.

The marginalization of bisexuals also manifests regularly in terms of social acceptability of discrimination against bisexuals. For example, habits of letting biphobic comments and jokes that would not be acceptable were they about gays or lesbians go unchallenged. Another way this occurs is when people ask intrusive questions about a person’s bisexuality that would be considered offensive in relation to other’s monosexualities. While this primarily affects bisexuals on a social level this social discrimination also leads to institutional marginalization, which can result in exclusion from anti-discrimination policy.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = The Bisexuality Report: Bisexual inclusion in LGBT equality and diversity|last = Barker|first = Meg|date = February 2012|journal = Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance and Faculty of Health and Social Care|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }}</ref>

== Monosexism ==
Monosexism is a term used to refer to beliefs, structures, and actions that promote [[monosexuality]] (either exclusive heterosexuality or homosexuality) as the only legitimate or right sexual orientation, excluding bisexual or other non-monosexual orientations.<ref name="Highleyman">Highleyman, Liz (1995). [http://www.black-rose.com/articles-liz/bipol.html "Identities and Ideas: Strategies for Bisexuals"], from the anthology ''Bisexual Politics: Theories, Queries, and Visions''. Haworth Press. ''Black Rose Web Pages''.</ref><ref name="rust">[[Paula Rodriguez Rust|Rust, Paula C Rodriguez]] (2002). [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3778/is_200201/ai_n9069533/pg_18 "Bisexuality: The state of the union, Annual Review of Sex Research, 2002"], ''BNET''. {{dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref> The term may be considered analogous to biphobia.<ref name="rust"/>

The term is primarily used in discussions of sexual orientation to denote aversion towards all non-monosexual people as a social group or as individuals. It was likely adopted in place of [[unisexual]], which is already used in biology and would produce confusion. It is sometimes considered derogatory by the people to whom it is applied.<ref>Hamilton, Alan (2000). ''{{waybackdate|site=http://www.biresource.org/pamphlets/glossary.html|date=20070805044122}} ''of "LesBiGay and Transgender Glossary", ''[http://www.biresource.net/ Bisexual Resource Center]''.</ref>

The proportion of people who fit into the category depends on how one uses the word. If the term is used to mean exclusively monosexual in behavior, then according to [[Alfred Kinsey]]'s [[Kinsey Reports|studies]], 63% of men and 87% of women are what may now be termed "monosexual" as determined by experiences leading to [[orgasm]].<ref>(1999). [http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/resources/bib-homoprev.html "Prevalence of Homosexuality"], ''The Kinsey Institute''. Note that Kinsey did not use the term "bisexual", but that he uses "exclusively homosexual" and "exclusively heterosexual".</ref> Freud thought that no one was born monosexual and that it had to be taught by parents or society, though most people appear to believe that monosexuals are in fact the majority and identify as such.<ref>Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, Volume 8, Issue 3, 1995, Feminist Economies, DOI:10.1080/08935699508685453, Margaret Nash, pages 66-78.</ref>

Monosexism could also be attributed to the belief in sexuality as a binary. The notion of sexuality as a binary is not new. Throughout the 1980s, modern research on sexuality was dominated by the idea that that heterosexuality and homosexuality were the only legitimate sexualities, dismissing bisexuality as "secondary homosexuality".<ref name="ProQuest">{{Cite book|title = Managing Heterosexism and Biphobia: A Revealing Black Bisexual Male Perspective|url = https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=5iayOla-7qcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=%2522Managing+Heterosexism+and+Biphobia:+A+Black+Bisexual+Male+Perspective&ots=f6xf6Kx-0s&sig=U0rv73VAXngWQt2HeAaQ-u9ZBK0#v=onepage&q=%2522Managing%2520Heterosexism%2520and%2520Biphobia%253A%2520A%2520Black%2520Bisexual%2520Male%2520Perspective&f=false|publisher = ProQuest|date = 2008-01-01|isbn = 9780549622482}}</ref> These ideas persisted until the development of alternative models such as the Kinsey scale. The Kinsey scale was developed by Kinsey in 1953 and instituted a paradigm shift that completely changed the way that people looked at sexuality.<ref name="ProQuest"/> His was a seven-point scale redefined sexuality as it allowed people to identify at various points throughout the scale with 0 being exclusively heterosexual and 6 being exclusively homosexual. The scale is now widely used and seeks to eliminate the dominance of the binary that is often the cause of biphobia.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

== In feminism ==
Feminist positions on [[bisexuality]] range greatly, from acceptance of bisexuality as a feminist issue to rejection of bisexuality as reactionary and anti-feminist [[Backlash (sociology)|backlash]] to [[lesbian feminism]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Sue |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |authorlink2= |editor1-first=Lynne |editor1-last=Harne |editor1-link= |others=Elaine Miller |title=All the Rage: Reasserting Radical Lesbian Feminism |trans_title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=October 4, 2012 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year= 1996|month= |origyear= |publisher= [[Teachers College, Columbia University|Teacher's College Press]]|location= New York City|isbn= 0-807-76285-7 |oclc= 35202923|doi= |id= |page= |pages=75–89 |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter=Bisexuality as Backlash |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |author-mask= |display-authors= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref>

A [[Bisexuality|bisexual]] woman filed a lawsuit against the lesbian feminist magazine ''[[Common Lives/Lesbian Lives]]'', alleging discrimination against bisexuals when her submission was not published.<ref name="sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu">[http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/iwa/findingaids/html/CommonlIves.html Common Lives/Lesbian Lives Records, Iowa Women's Archives, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa]</ref>

A number of women who were at one time involved in lesbian-feminist activism have since [[Coming out|come out]] as bisexual after realizing their attractions to men. A widely studied example of lesbian-bisexual conflict within feminism was the Northampton Pride March during the years between 1989 and 1993, where many feminists involved debated over whether bisexuals should be included and whether or not bisexuality was compatible with feminism. Common lesbian-feminist critiques leveled at bisexuality were that bisexuality was [[Antifeminism|anti-feminist]], that bisexuality was a form of [[false consciousness]], and that bisexual women who pursue relationships with men were "deluded and desperate." However, tensions between bisexual feminists and lesbian feminists have eased since the 1990s, as bisexual women have become more accepted within the feminist community.<ref>{{cite book |title= Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture|last= Gerstner|first= David A.|authorlink= |year= 2006|publisher= [[Routledge]]|location= United Kingdom|isbn= 978-0-415-30651-5|page= |pages= 82–3|accessdate=October 3, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XS_SnVPixE8C&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=%22bisexual+feminism%22&source=bl&ots=n32nIC-3XC&sig=h7jkH9Tq2dtkR0gs9Q7hmvNMzZ4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zrdsUIKQLeWC0QHKqYHwAQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>

Nevertheless, some lesbian feminists such as [[Julie Bindel]] are still critical of bisexuality. Bindel has described female bisexuality as a "fashionable trend" being promoted due to "sexual hedonism" and broached the question of whether bisexuality even exists.<ref name="Bindel">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/julie-bindel/where-is-the-politics-in-_b_1589435.html |title=Where's the Politics in Sex? |publisher=''[[The Huffington Post]]'' |accessdate=2012-10-03 |first=Julie |last=Bindel |date=June 12, 2012}}</ref> She has also made [[tongue-in-cheek]] comparisons of bisexuals to [[Animal fancy|cat fanciers]] and [[Satanism|devil worshippers]].<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/nov/08/lesbianism |title=It's not me. It's you |publisher=''[[The Guardian]]'' |accessdate=2012-10-03 |location=London |first=Julie |last=Bindel |date=November 8, 2008}}</ref>

Lesbian feminist [[Sheila Jeffreys]] writes in ''The Lesbian Heresy'' (1993) that while many feminists are comfortable working alongside gay men, they are uncomfortable interacting with bisexual men. Jeffreys states that while gay men are unlikely to [[Sexual harassment|sexually harass]] women, bisexual men are just as likely to be bothersome to women as heterosexual men.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Lesbian Heresy|last= Jeffreys|first= Sheila|authorlink= |year= 1993|publisher= Spinifex Press Pty Ltf|location= [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] |isbn= 1-875559-17-5|page= 124|pages= |accessdate=October 4, 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FFWxDu9gn0C&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=feminism+%22bisexual+men%22&source=bl&ots=984-PHC0xm&sig=931FU6VoBpDMW9GZgw_bdEQOA2g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bQptUK-eOaXE0AGd2IDIBw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTge#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>

[[Donna Haraway]] was the inspiration and genesis for [[cyberfeminism]] with her 1985 essay "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century" which was reprinted in ''Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature'' (1991). Haraway's essay states that the cyborg "has no truck with bisexuality, pre-oedipal symbiosis, unalienated labor, or other seductions to organic wholeness through a final appropriation of all powers of the parts into a higher unity." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egs.edu/faculty/donna-haraway/articles/donna-haraway-a-cyborg-manifesto/ |title=Donna Haraway - A Cyborg Manifesto |publisher=Egs.edu |date= |accessdate=2015-09-15}}</ref> However, ''Cyberfeminism and Bisexuality'' by Jane Cyborg, a short essay published as a book in 2015, states, "Cyborgs can be bisexual, and cyberfeminism can and should be accepting of bisexuality."<ref>''Cyberfeminism and Bisexuality'' by Jane Cyborg (2015)</ref>

== Intersectional perspective ==

While the general bisexual population as a whole faces biphobia, this oppression is also aggravated by other factors, one of which is race. In his examination of the bisexual male perspective, entitled, ''Managing Heterosexism and Biphobia: A Revealing Black Bisexual Male Perspective'', Grady L Garner delves into the oppression that he faces as both a black and bisexual male. He explains that the internalization of negative sociocultural messages, reactions and attitudes can be incredibly distressing as bisexual black males attempted to translate or transform these negative experiences into positive bisexual identity sustaining ones.<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book|title = Bisexuality in the United States: A Social Science Reader|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EwcABAApgR8C|publisher = Columbia University Press|date = 2000-01-01|isbn = 9780231102278|first = Paula C.|last = Rust}}</ref> The experience of bisexual black males is infinitely different from that of bisexual white males and acknowledgement of those differences is important. As the demands and tribulations of black bisexual males appear to be comparatively more distressing than those that black and white, homo- and heterosexual individual's encounter, this acknowledgement is important and vital to the understanding of biphobia from an intersectional perspective.<ref name="books.google.com"/>

== Bailey study ==
{{Further|Bisexuality#Perceptions and discrimination}}
A 2005 article in the ''[[The New York Times]]'' used the word ''biphobic'' when criticizing a study about male bisexuality. The study, which was by Gerulf Rieger, Meredith L. Chivers, and [[J. Michael Bailey]], and took place in 2002, said that a sample of men self-identifying as bisexual did not respond equally to pornographic material involving only men, and to pornography involving only women, but instead showed four times more arousal to one than the other. The article criticized the method of measurement of arousal as too crude to capture the richness (erotic sensations, affection, admiration) that constitutes sexual attraction.<ref name="Carey">{{cite news |last=Carey |first=Benedict |title=Straight, Gay or Lying? Bisexuality Revisited |work=The New York Times |date=5 July 2005 |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20714FB3B550C768CDDAE0894DD404482 |accessdate=24 February 2007}}</ref><ref name="ngltf">[[National Gay and Lesbian Task Force]] (July 2005). [http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/NYTBisexualityFactSheet.pdf The Problems with "Gay, Straight, or Lying?"] ([[PDF]]) Retrieved 24 July 2006.</ref><ref name="FAIR">{{Cite web|title=New York Times Suggests Bisexuals Are 'Lying.' Paper fails to disclose study author's controversial history|publisher=[[Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting]] |date=July 8, 2005|accessdate=June 22, 2013|url=http://fair.org/take-action/action-alerts/new-york-times-suggests-bisexuals-are-quotlyingquot/}}</ref> The [[American Institute of Bisexuality]] stated that Bailey's study was misinterpreted and misreported by both ''The New York Times'' and its critics.<ref name=bibrain.org>{{cite web|title=Controversy over Professor J. Michael Bailey and the Existence of Bisexuality |publisher=[[American Institute of Bisexuality]] |year=2012 |accessdate=15 March 2015 |url=http://www.bibrain.org/ControversyOverBaileyV2.0.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20130820150533/http://www.bibrain.org/ControversyOverBaileyV2.0.pdf |archivedate=August 20, 2013 }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|LGBT}}

* [[Bisexual American history]]
* [[Bisexual community]]
* [[Duclod Man]]
* [[Heteronormativity]]
* [[History of bisexuality]]
* [[International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia]] (biphobia was added to the name of the day in 2015)
* [[List of media portrayals of bisexuality]]
* [[List of phobias]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|40em}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Marjorie Garber|Garber, Marjorie]] (1995). ''Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life'', pp. 20–21, 28, 39.
* [[Mariam Fraser|Fraser, M.]], ''Identity Without Selfhood: Simone de Beauvoir and Bisexuality'', Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 1999. p. 124–140.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110204071248/http://www.xtra.ca/public/viewstory.aspx?AFF_TYPE=3&STORY_ID=1901&PUB_TEMPLATE_ID=2 The fencesitters? Suspicions still haunt the bi/homo divide] - article in Xtra, Gay & Lesbian news site, 2006]

== External links ==
* [http://www.bialogue.org/Pages/InfoPackets/MentalHealth.html Bialogue/GLAAD Bisexuality Packet for Mental Health Professionals]
* [http://www.advocate.com/exclusive_detail_ektid49066.asp Fairy Tales], by Job Brother in [[The Advocate]] September 21, 2007
* [http://marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/curiouser.html Curiouser and curiouser] by [[Mark Simpson (journalist)|Mark Simpson]]
* [http://out.ucr.edu/pdf/BiBasics.pdf Bisexuality Basics, UC Riverside LGBT Resource Center, Riverside, CA]

{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Bisexuality topics}}
{{LGBT|social=expanded}}
{{Discrimination}}
}}

[[Category:Bisexuality]]
[[Category:Discrimination]]
[[Category:Hatred]]
[[Category:LGBT terms]]
[[Category:Phobias]]
[[Category:Prejudices]]
[[Category:Sexuality and gender-related prejudices]]
[[Category:Sexual orientation and society]]

Thomas Ridgewell

2016-05-13T02:46:29Z

JDDJS: /* Early life and education */

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Thomas James Ridgewell
| logo = 
| logo caption =
| image = 
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|06|27}}
| birth_place = [[Essex]], [[England]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| alma_mater = [[University of London]]
| occupation = Filmmaker, video blogger, actor
| website = {{URL|www.thetomska.com}}
| pseudonym = TomSka
| channel_name = TomSka
| years_active = 2006–present
| genre = Comedy

| subscribers = {{#expr: 4001820 / 1e6 round 2}} million
| subscriber_date = 25 March 2016 
| views = {{#expr: 801568808 / 1e6 round 1}} million
| view_date = 24 April 2016
| network = 
| associated_acts =
| silver_button = 
| silver_year = 
| gold_button = yes
| gold_year = 2012<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sL6985xJnfU</ref>
| diamond_button = 
| diamond_year = 
| stats_update = 13 February 2016
}}

'''Thomas James "TomSka" Ridgewell''' (born 27 June 1990)<ref name=guardian>[http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/apr/07/youtube-uk-20-online-video-bloggers "YouTube UK: 20 of Britain's most popular online video bloggers"] ''The Guardian''</ref> is a British [[comedian]] and [[YouTube]]r, best known for Internet video series ''[[asdfmovie]]'' and ''[[Eddsworld]]''.<ref>[http://www.thevideoink.com/features/comedies-tomska-wants-better-youtube-fans/#.VD8ykBYQZco "Between Comedies, TomSka Also Educates His YouTube Fans"]. Jessica Klein / 17 August 2014. ''VideoInk''.</ref> As of March 2016, his YouTube channel has over 4 million subscribers and his videos have garnered over 800 million views.

==Early life and education==
As a child, Ridgewell began making short films using his parents' video camera. Not long after YouTube was established, Ridgewell created CakeBomb, a website on which he posted his video creations, including his friend's ''Eddsworld'', and his first ''asdfmovie''. Ridgewell graduated from the [[University of Lincoln]],<ref>[http://www.lincolnshireecho.co.uk/University-Lincoln-students-guest-present-Radio-1/story-22836679-detail/story.html "Former University of Lincoln students to guest present on Radio 1"] By RCousins_LE 27 August 2014 ''Lincolnshire Echo''.</ref> and while there created a series of unofficial "advertisements" for the university which received millions of views.<ref name="Brand Republic Article">{{cite web|url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/1085410|title=Appointment to view: The University of Lincoln goes viral|publisher=Brand Republic}}</ref>

He was raised a [[Jehovah's Witness]], but no longer practices this faith.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXRK76x_D8Q "The Day My Faith Died"] ''YouTube''</ref> Despite this, he has expressed hope for a higher power.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ2wwLh1dhU "7 Facts About TomSka] ''YouTube''</ref>

==YouTube career==
A professional YouTuber, Ridgewell earns money from revenue from his videos on the website.<ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/the-tom-ridgewell-show-the-22yearold-making-10000-a-month-from-his-bedroom-on-youtube-8530893.html "The Tom Ridgewell show: the 22-year-old making £10,000 a month from his bedroom on YouTube "]. ''London Evening Standard''</ref> He has been discussed and interviewed in relation to this, especially when the medium of online video was in its infancy.<ref name=guardian /><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/13136416 "YouTube star TomSka 'makes thousands' every month"]. By Dan Whitworth. ''BBC Newsbeat''</ref> He has also appeared as a guest on the BBC's ''The One Show'', and has appeared as a radio and TV guest internationally.<ref>{{Citation|url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-hLCjzjOvs|accessdate = 6 September 2015}}</ref>

In 2008, Ridgewell released the first installment of ''asdfmovie'', an animated sketch comedy series featuring very short clips of minimally-detailed characters in [[Surreal humour|surreal]] and occasionally [[Black comedy|darkly humorous]] situations. There have been nine episodes, the latest having been uploaded on 7 August 2015.<ref>{{Citation|last=TomSka|title=asdfmovie9|date=7 August 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8l6T3fwxAyw|accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref>

In 2012, he took charge of the production of Eddsworld after the show's original creator and his friend, [[Edd Gould]], died of [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia|leukemia]]. He left the series in 2016, handing the show over to Edd's family.

In 2013, Ridgewell was featured in YouTube's first "Comedy Week".<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/comedy/comedy-news/10068492/YouTubes-Comedy-Week-shows-how-much-comedy-has-changed.html "YouTube's Comedy Week shows how much comedy has changed"]. ''The Telegraph''.</ref>

He was featured on the cover of Wired UK in February 2013 as part of a feature titled "How YouTube Reinvented the Entertainment Business"<ref>[http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2013/02/features/talent-tube "Talent Tube: how Britain's new YouTube superstars built a global fanbase"] ''WIRED''</ref> and was selected by YouTube as a guest host for its Geek Week series in August.

The BBC announced that Ridgewell will be appearing as a guest presenter on the ''[[Dan and Phil]]'' show from September 2014 on BBC Radio 1.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/r1-youth-presenters "New youth presenters for Radio 1"]. ''BBC''</ref><ref>Lewis, Tim. [http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/apr/07/youtube-superstars-new-generation-bloggers "YouTube superstars: the generation taking on TV – and winning"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/radio-1-to-hire-youtubefamous-vloggers-to-broadcast-online-9686208.html "Radio 1 to hire 'YouTube-famous' vloggers to broadcast online "]. ''The Independent''.</ref>

Ridgewell spoke at the [[MCM London Comic Con|VidFest UK London Comic Con]] in 2014.<ref>[http://teneightymagazine.com/2014/06/01/teneighty-at-vidfest-uk-mcm-comicon/ "TenEighty at Vidfest UK MCM ComiCon"]. ''TenEighty Magazine''.</ref>

In January 2015, Ridgewell launched a new webtoon, ''Crash Zoom'', on his TomSka channel. It is animated by Ben "Wonchop" Smallman, who also animated some of the ''asdfmovie'' episodes.<ref>{{Citation|last=DarkSquidge|title=I'M NOT AN ANIMATOR|date=26 June 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcrsyXyd34A|accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref> It features three young characters, Lucy, Ben and Kate, and their various surreal exploits.<ref>{{Citation|last=TomSka|title=CRASH ZOOM - Movie Massacre|date=9 January 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnyBXvB3_ho|accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref>

== Other projects ==
In 2014, Ridgewell, in collaboration with Pixel Spill, created the game KatataK, a side-scrolling [[shoot 'em up]] for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.katatakgame.com/about
| title = KatataK
| website = www.katatakgame.com
| access-date = 27 February 2016
}}</ref>

In 2015, Ridgewell worked with animator Matt Ley to create ''Art Is Dead'', a comic book based on, and featuring adapted sketches from, his ''asdfmovie'' series.<ref>{{Citation|last=DarkSquidge|title=WE MADE A BOOK (Art is Dead reveal)|date=11 September 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhBKYOhshow|accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=DarkSquidge|title=ART IS DEAD IS OUT!!!|date=29 October 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lduyZj5PiI|accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref>

== Books ==
* ''Art is Dead: The ASDF Book'' (2015, Little Brown Book Group, ISBN 9780751563047)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bookdepository.com/Art-is-Dead-Thomas-Ridgewell/9780751563047 | title=Art is Dead : The asdf Book | publisher=Book Depository.com | accessdate=12 September 2015 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|u=TomSka|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
* {{YouTube|c=UC3tMH8u6yG3mSxi-qpfmpkA|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'s vlog (DarkSquidge)}}

[[Category:British YouTubers]]
[[Category:British video bloggers]]
[[Category:British Internet celebrities]]
[[Category:Former Jehovah's Witnesses]]
[[Category:Video bloggers]]
[[Category:English video bloggers]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:English agnostics]]

Michail Davidowitsch Charit

2016-05-09T18:58:31Z

JDDJS: Added {{dead end}}, {{orphan}} and {{uncategorized}} tags to article (TW)

{{dead end|date=May 2016}}
{{orphan|date=May 2016}}
{{In use}}
'''Mikhail Davidovich Kharit''' ({{lang-ru|Михаил Давидович Харит}}; July 2, 1955, Moscow) — a Soviet and Russian scientist, architect, Doctor of Engineering Science, professor, writer, laureate of Lenin Komsomol Prize in science and technology.

== Biography and scientific work ==
Mikhail Davidovich Kharit was born in Moscow on 2 July 1955 in a family of scientists. In 1977 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers (MITE). He continued his postgraduate studies at the MITE.

He defended his thesis in 1981<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kharit|first=Mikhail|date=1983|title=Synopsis of thesis on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of technical Sciences "Protection of reinforced concrete bridge piers from natural and technogenic impacts"|journal=MITE|location=Moscow}}</ref>. The main conclusion of the thesis was included as a separate item in the State Standard of the Soviet Union for design and construction — SNiP<ref>23. SNiP II-43 "Bridges and pipes. Design standards" (p. 3.202)</ref>.

He worked then at the Scientific Research Institute of Transport Construction (CNIIS) as head of the "Central laboratory for the protection of metal and concrete structures from hazardous external influences".

In 1989 he became a laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize in science and technology "for creation of highly efficient methods of fastening the underground workings, constructed in difficult engineering and geological conditions with the help of new composite materials"<ref>{{Cite book|title=Laureates of the Lenin Komsomol Prize in science and technology|last=Russell|first=Jesse|last2=Cohn|first2=Ronald|publisher=|year=2012|isbn=97855113104865|location=|pages=98}}</ref>.

In 1987 he became the head of a major Russian architectural and construction company "Intex". In 1998-2001, as an architect, he participated in the restoration of historic buildings in Russia, England, Italy<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2002|title=Special aspects of historic restoration in Europe and England|journal=New home|volume=4}}</ref>.

Mikhail Kharit invented a new artificial stone (architectural concrete) with adjustable appearance, colors and characteristics of frost resistance, water resistance and strength<ref>Copyright certificate for invention N 1190606 from July 8 1985</ref>, as well as the technology named "INTEX. White stone"<ref>Intex. White Stone. The technology of manufacturing and installation. Item catalog. — Moscow: Unity, 2005</ref>. The new material and technology meant for construction and renovation of houses in historical styles and were approved and recommended at the meeting of the Moscow Сity Duma for implementation at the facilities of Moscow<ref>The minutes of the meeting of the Commission on economic policy of the Moscow City Duma. N7 of April 25, 2000</ref>. Afterwards, this work was continued by his son Oleg Mikhailovich Kharit<ref>Kharit O. M. The thesis on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of technical Sciences "Methods and organization of building protection by architectural decorative products. — Moscow, 2009.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kharit|first=Oleg|date=2009|title=Architectural-decorative elements to protect buildings and structures from natural and technogenic impacts|journal=Works of the CNIIS|location=Moscow}}</ref>.

In 1997, for significant contribution to development of Moscow M. Kharit was awarded the medal "In commemoration of the 850th anniversary of Moscow"<ref>Certificate А 0370966, Decree of 26 February 1997 pan> April 25, 2000</ref>.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{uncategorized|date=May 2016}}

Ratchet & Clank (Film)

2016-02-25T20:22:48Z

JDDJS: removed Category:2010s computer-animated films using HotCat in sub

{{Infobox film
| name = Ratchet & Clank
| image = Ratchet and Clank 2015.png
| caption = Official theatrical poster
| director = [[Kevin Munroe]]
| producer = Kylie Ellis [[Brad Foxhoven]] [[David Wohl]] Kim Dent Wilder
| writer = T.J. Fixman Kevin Munroe Gerry Swallow
| based on = {{Based on|''[[Ratchet & Clank]]''|[[Insomniac Games]]}}
| starring = [[Paul Giamatti]] [[John Goodman]] [[Bella Thorne]] [[Rosario Dawson]] [[James Arnold Taylor]] [[David Kaye]] [[Sylvester Stallone]]
| music = Evan Wise
| cinematography = Anthony Di Ninno
| editing = Braden Oberson
| studio = [[Rainmaker Entertainment]] Blockade Entertainment PlayStation Originals
| distributor =[[Gramercy Pictures]]
| released = {{film date|2016|04|29|ref1=<ref name="theatrical">{{cite web|last=Ford|first=Rebecca|date=May 13, 2015|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cannes-focus-nabs-video-game-795274|title=Cannes: Focus Nabs Video Game Movie 'Ratchet & Clank' for U.S. (Exclusive)|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|accessdate=May 13, 2015}}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = United States Canada
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Ratchet & Clank''''' is an upcoming [[3D film|3D]] [[Computer-animated film|computer-animated]] [[science fiction film|science fiction]] [[action film|action]] [[comedy film]] based on the [[Ratchet & Clank|platforming video game series]] of the same name. Series creators [[Insomniac Games]] helped with the film's production, screenplay, character development, and animation. The film will be directed by Jericca Cleland and [[Kevin Munroe]], featuring an original story written by former Insomniac Games Senior Writer T.J. Fixman, who started writing for the series with the [[Ratchet & Clank#Future series|''Future'' saga]]. Several cast members from the games will reprise their respective voice roles, and assets from the video games will be utilized in the film.<ref>{{cite web|first1=John|last1=Gaudiosi|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/johngaudiosi/2013/04/23/sony-playstation-franchise-ratchet-and-clank-goes-hollywood-with-3d-feature-film/|title=Sony PlayStation Franchise Ratchet And Clank Goes Hollywood With 3D Feature Film|publisher=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=2013-04-23}}</ref><ref name="PSBlogAnnouncement">{{cite web|first1=James|last1=Stevenson|url=http://blog.us.playstation.com/2013/04/23/first-video-ratchet-clank-movie-hits-theaters-2015/|title=First Video: Ratchet & Clank Movie Hits Theaters 2015|publisher=[[Sony Computer Entertainment]]|work=[[PlayStation Blog]]|accessdate=2013-04-23}}</ref> Initially planned for a theatrical release in 2015, it is instead set for a wide release on April 29, 2016 in the [[United States]].<ref name="theatrical"/>

==Plot==
The film will be an [[origin story]] that retells the events of the original ''[[Ratchet & Clank (2002 video game)|Ratchet & Clank]]'', depicting how [[Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank)|Ratchet]] and [[Clank (Ratchet & Clank)|Clank]] met each other as they attempt to save the Solana Galaxy from being destroyed by [[List of Ratchet & Clank characters#Chairman Drek|Chairman Drek]] and the Blarg. However, the film will expand on various plot points in greater detail, and will also incorporate some elements from [[Ratchet & Clank#Original series|later series entries]], such as the introduction of [[Doctor Nefarious]] and the [[List of Ratchet & Clank characters#The Galactic Rangers|Galactic Rangers]].

==Voice cast==
The film will feature several voice actors from the [[Ratchet & Clank|video game series]] reprising their respective roles, along with new cast members and characters.
*[[Paul Giamatti]] as [[Chairman Drek]], the leader of the Blarg.<ref name="Cast Update">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/05/13/ratchet-clank-animated-movie-lines-up-star-studded-voice-cast|title=Ratchet & Clank Animated Movie Lines Up Star-Studded Voice Cast|work=IGN|date=May 13, 2015|accessdate=13 May 2015|last=Vejvoda|first=Jim}}</ref>
*[[John Goodman]] as Grimroth, Ratchet's mechanic mentor.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[Bella Thorne]] as Cora, one of the Galactic Rangers.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[Rosario Dawson]] as Elaris, a member of the Galactic Rangers' support team.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[James Arnold Taylor]] as [[Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank)|Ratchet]], a Lombax mechanic who dreams of being a Galactic Ranger.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[David Kaye]] as [[Clank (Ratchet & Clank)|Clank]], an escaped robot who befriends Ratchet.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[Sylvester Stallone]] as Victor Von Ion, Chairman Drek's villainous lieutenant.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[Jim Ward (voice actor)|Jim Ward]] as [[Captain Qwark]], the leader of the Galactic Rangers and a galaxy-wide celebrity.<ref name="Cast Update" />
*[[Armin Shimerman]] as [[Doctor Nefarious]], Drek's chief scientist with a vendetta against Captain Qwark.<ref name="Cast Update" /><ref>{{cite tweet|user=RatchetMovie|author=Ratchet and Clank|number=380052267006582785|title=We are excited that @ShimermanArmin has joined the cast for #ratchetandclankmovie! @insomniacgames @Blockade @RainmakerEnt @PlayStation|date=September 17, 2013|accessdate=May 13, 2015 }} {{cite tweet|author=Paul Robinson|user=Topottsel|date = September 17, 2013|number=38006020319638323217|title=
@RatchetMovie I assume this means Dr Nefarious is making is making an appearance? ;)|accessdate=May 13, 2015}} {{cite tweet|user=RatchetMovie|author=Ratchet and Clank|number=380067831049494531|title=@Topottsel Yep!|date = September 17, 2013|accessdate=May 13, 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Vincent Tong]] as Brax, one of the Galactic Rangers.<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/08/sneak-peek-ratchet-and-clank-animated-movie/79965840/</ref>

==Production==
{{Quote box|width=40%|align=left|quote="One of the biggest questions we've gotten in the last few years is 'When are you going to make a Ratchet & Clank movie?' The truth is, we've wanted to do a movie for a long time! Ratchet & Clank's action, humor and galaxy-spanning adventures have really been the basis for a fantastic game series, and we think it would translate perfectly to the big screen."|source=— James Stevenson, Insomniac Community Lead on the [[PlayStation Blog]]<ref name="PSBlogAnnouncement"/>}}

The film is being produced at [[Rainmaker Entertainment]]'s Vancouver studio in Canada, and will be executively produced by Michael Hefferon, President of Rainmaker Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Marc|last1=Graser|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/ratchet-clank-games-get-film-treatment-exclusive-1200409274/|title=‘Ratchet & Clank’ Games Get Film Treatment (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=2013-04-23}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Release==
The film is scheduled to be released theatrically in the United States via Gramercy Pictures, a division of [[Focus Features]] on April 29, 2016.<ref name="theatrical"/> Alongside the film, a "[[Ratchet & Clank (2016 video game)|re-imagining]]" of the original ''[[Ratchet & Clank (2002 video game)|Ratchet & Clank]]'', developed by Insomniac Games, is also scheduled to be released around the same timeframe.<ref>http://blog.us.playstation.com/2015/05/13/ratchet-clank-movie-releases-april-29-2016-in-us/</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=Petski|first1=Denise|title=Focus Features Revives Gramercy Pictures Label For Genre Films|url=http://deadline.com/2015/05/focus-features-revives-gramercy-pictures-label-genre-films-1201430500/|accessdate=May 20, 2015|publisher=deadline.com|date=May 20, 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.ratchetandclankmovie.com/}}
*{{IMDb title|2865120}}

{{Ratchet & Clank}}
{{Insomniac Games}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ratchet and Clank (film)}}
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 3D films]]
[[Category:2016 computer-animated films]]
[[Category:2010s 3D films]]
[[Category:American 3D films]]
[[Category:American animated films]]
[[Category:Animated action films]]
[[Category:Animated adventure films]]
[[Category:Animated duos]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:Animated science fiction films]]
[[Category:Films based on video games]]
[[Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Focus Features films]]
[[Category:Focus Features animated films]]
[[Category:Gramercy Pictures films]]
[[Category:Ratchet & Clank]]
[[Category:Robot films]]

William Kempe

2016-01-21T22:17:09Z

JDDJS: removed Category:British male Shakespearean actors; added Category:English male Shakespearean actors using HotCat

{{other people}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

[[Image:Will Kemp Elizabethan Clown Jig.jpg|250px|thumb|right|William Kempe (right) from ''Nine Days Wonder'' (1600)]]
'''William Kempe''' (died 1603), commonly referred to as '''Will Kemp''', was an English actor and dancer specialising in comic roles and best known for having been one of the original players in early dramas by [[William Shakespeare]]. Roles associated with his name may include the great comic creation, [[Falstaff]], and his contemporaries considered him the successor to the great [[Jester|clown]] of the previous generation, [[Richard Tarlton]].

Kempe's success and influence was such that in December 1598 he was one of a core of five actor-shareholders in the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]] alongside Shakespeare and [[Richard Burbage]], but in a short time (possibly after a disagreement among the members of the troupe) he parted company with the group. Despite his fame as a performer and subsequent intent to continue his career, he appears to have died unregarded and in poverty circa 1603.

==Life==
In a 1615 lawsuit brought by Thomasina (née Heminges) Ostler, widow of [[William Ostler]], against her father, [[John Heminges]], the recently deceased actor William Kempe was referred to as a gentleman (''Willelmo Kempe nuper de Londonia generoso defuncto''),<ref>{{Harvnb|Wallace|1909|p=7}}.</ref> and it has been suggested that he was a member of the Kempe family of [[Olantigh]], Kent:

<blockquote>Kemp's parentage is unknown, though it has been conjectured that, despite his plebeian performance persona, he was linked in some way to the Kempes of Ollantighe, near Ashford in Kent, who were a wealthy Catholic dynasty. Sir Thomas Kempe (1517–1591) did indeed have a son named William;<ref>{{Harvnb|Richardson III|2011|p=276}}.</ref> however, the claim that this William Kempe was the actor cannot be correct, since he was buried at Wye church on 27 March 1597 (Honneyman, 125–9; Bannerman, 3; private information, A. Findlay) . Nonetheless, this putative connection might help explain the otherwise surprising story—dramatized in the play The Travailes of the Three English Brothers (1607) by Day, Rowley, and Wilkins—that when William Kemp the actor was in Italy in 1601 he had an encounter with the celebrated traveller Sir Anthony Shirley: for Sir Anthony and his two equally famous brothers were related to the Ollantighe Kempes through their mother, who was Sir Thomas Kempe's daughter. Possibly, then, the actor had some tie of kinship to Ollantighe, at an outlying point on the family tree; or perhaps in recommending himself to Shirley he was just opportunistically taking advantage of the name he shared with Shirley's mother.<ref>{{Harvnb|Butler|2004}}.</ref></blockquote>

Kempe first enters the historical record as a performer with [[Leicester's Men]] at [[Essex House (London)|Leicester House]] in May 1585<ref>The Earl made a special payment of ten [[shilling]]s for this performance.</ref> and continued in this service after [[Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester|Leicester]]'s departure for the [[Low Countries]] to take part in the [[Eighty Years' War]]. Leicester's nephew, [[Philip Sidney]], sent letters home by way of a man he called "Will, my Lord of Lester's jesting player" and it is now generally accepted this was Kempe. Sidney complained in a letter to [[Francis Walsingham]] that "Will" had delivered the letters to [[Lettice Knollys|Lady Leicester]] rather than Sidney's wife, [[Frances Walsingham]]. After a brief return to England, Kempe accompanied two other future Lord Chamberlain's Men, [[George Bryan (16th-century actor)|George Bryan]] and [[Thomas Pope (16th-century actor)|Thomas Pope]], to [[Elsinore]] where he entertained [[Frederick II of Denmark]].

Kempe's whereabouts in the later 1580s are not known, but that his fame as a performer was growing during this period is indicated by [[Thomas Nashe]]'s ''An Almond for a Parrot'' (1590). Nashe dedicated this work to Kempe, calling him "vicegerent general to the ghost of Dick Tarlton."<ref>{{cite book |title = William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life
|authorlink = Samuel Schoenbaum
|last = Schoenbaum
|first = Samuel
|year = 1987
|page = 184
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|isbn = 0-19-505161-0
}}</ref> Similarly, the title-page of the [[book size|quarto]] of ''A Knack to Know a Knave'' advertises Kempe's "merriments". (Because title-pages were a means to draw attention to a book, the mention of Kempe suggests that he had become an attraction in his own right.) Critics have generally viewed the scene in which Kempe performs as rather flat (Collier, 97) and it is assumed that the scene provided a framework within which Kempe could [[improvise]]. Entries in the [[Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers|Stationers' Register]] indicate that three jigs (short comic plays) perhaps written by Kempe were published between 1591 and 1595. Two of these have survived.

By 1592 Kempe was one of [[Lord Strange's Men]], listed in the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] authorisation for that troupe to play seven miles out of London. In 1594, upon the dissolution of Strange's Men, Kempe, along with Burbage and Shakespeare, joined the Lord Chamberlain's Men and remained with that company until early 1599, when a still-unclear sequence of events removed him from the company. Although he had been a sharer in the plans to construct the [[Globe Theatre]], he appeared in no productions in the new theatre, which was open by mid-1599, and evidence from Shakespeare's ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'', in which there is no promised continued role for Falstaff, and ''[[Hamlet]]'', containing its famous complaint at improvisational clowning (Act 3, Scene 2), indicates some of the circumstances in which Kempe may have been dropped.<ref>James Shapiro, (2005). ''1599, A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare''. Faber and Faber, London. pp.42–49.</ref>

==Final years==
[[File:Kemp's Men, Chapelfield Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 167501.jpg|thumb|left| [[Wood carving]] of Kempe in Chapelfield Gardens, [[Norwich]]]]
After his departure from the Chamberlain's Men in early 1599, Kempe continued to pursue his career as a performer. In February and March 1600, he undertook what he would later call his "Nine Days Wonder", in which he [[morris dance]]d from London to [[Norwich]] (a distance of over a hundred miles) in a journey which took him nine days spread over several weeks, often amid cheering crowds. Later that year he published a description of the event to prove to doubters that it was true.<ref>The year Kempe gives was 1599 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]], which has caused some later confusion. That Kempe's jig took place in 1600 (New Style) is established by a record of the payment of his prize money by the Norwich City Corporation.</ref> However, his activities after this famous stunt are as obscure as his origins. On evidence from ''[[The Travels of the Three English Brothers]]'', he is assumed to have made another European tour, perhaps reaching Italy, but by 1601 he was borrowing money from [[Philip Henslowe]] and had joined [[Worcester's Men]]. The last undoubted mention of him occurs in Henslowe's diary in late 1602.

Parish records record the death of "Kempe, a man" in ''[[Southwark St Saviour|St. Saviour]]'', [[Southwark]], late in 1603. While this is not necessarily the comedian, the record fits his departure from the documentary record.

==Performance style==
In his time, Kempe was as famous for his [[stage jig]]s as for his acting in regular drama. The jig, a kind of rustic cousin to [[commedia dell'arte]], featured as many as five performers in a partially improvised song-and-dance routine. Jigs had plots, often bawdy, but the emphasis was on dancing and physical comedy. Two of Kempe's jigs survive in English, and two more in German. Examples of the jigs may be seen in the manuscript collection of [[John Dowland]] (now in the [[Cambridge University Library]]). A famous 17th century jig called [[Kemp's Jig]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mathew Holmes lute books: Kemp's jig|url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-DD-00002-00011/194|website=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk|publisher=Cambridge Digital Library|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref> was named after Will Kempe and was published in the first book of [[John Playford]]'s ''[[The English Dancing Master]]'' of 1651. The tune has received a number of modern renditions, including those by [[Profile (Jan Akkerman album)|Jan Akkerman]] and [[Gryphon (album)|Gryphon]].

As an actor, Kempe is certainly associated with two roles: [[Dogberry]] in ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' and Peter in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. (In the quarto text of the latter, and in both quarto and [[First Folio]] text of the former, he is identified in speech prefixes and stage directions.) From these hints, a list of Kempe's parts has been deduced which, if conjectural, is not improbable: Costard in ''[[Love's Labours Lost]]'', [[Nick Bottom|Bottom]] in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', Lancelot Gobbo in ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'', and Cob in [[Ben Jonson]]'s ''[[Every Man in His Humour]]''. [[Falstaff]] is a more ambiguous case. Though Falstaff presents some features of an Elizabethan dramatic clown, his character is higher in class and more complex than the other roles with which Kempe is associated.

==Kempe in period fiction==
*Kempe appears as a character in ''[[Parnassus plays|The Return from Parnassus, or The Scourge of Simony]]'', possibly written during his lifetime or very shortly after his death. In it he praises Shakespeare for outdoing university-educated playwrights.

==Kempe in modern fiction==

===Film and TV===
*In the 1978 TV series ''[[Will Shakespeare (TV series)|Will Shakespeare]]'' Kempe is portrayed by [[Derek Royle]] as an oafish alcoholic. He is ousted from the troupe and replaced by [[Robert Armin]] when they think he has betrayed their involvement in the [[Essex Rebellion]]. In fact Armin is the informer, who has framed Kempe to replace him.
*In the 1998 [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]] film ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'', he is played by veteran [[character actor]] [[Patrick Barlow]].
*In 2005's TV-film ''[[A Waste of Shame]]'' he is portrayed by [[John Voce]].
*In the 2007 [[Doctor Who]] episode "[[The Shakespeare Code]]", Kempe is played by [[David Westhead]].

===Literature===
*Kempe is a key character in [[Kevin Sylvester]]'s 2015 novel for young adults ''Neil Flambé and the Bard's Banquet'', published by Simon & Schuster Books
*Kempe appears in Ann Young's 2002 novel for young adults ''The Nine Days Wonder'', published by East Hall Press.
*In [[Neil Gaiman]]'s 1991 graphic novel [[The Sandman: Dream Country]], Kempe is depicted in the issue ''A Midsummer Night's Dream,'' a short story about Shakespeare's first performance of the play.
*Kempe also appears in ''[[King of Shadows]]'', a 1999 children's fiction book which shows Kempe as a clown dancing a Nine Days' Morris.
*In [[Harry Turtledove]]'s [[alternate history]] 2002 novel ''[[Ruled Britannia]]'' Kempe is one of the main characters. His off-stage personality is indistinguishable from the characters he plays on stage, and his antics provide much of the humour in the novel, which is set during a time of grim peril.
*In J. B. Cheaney's 2004 novel ''The True Prince'' along with more of the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]].
*''Kempe's Jig'' is referenced in [[Geoffrey Hill]]'s poem "After Reading ''Children of Albion'' (1969)" from his ''A Treatise of Civil Power'', published in 2007.

===Stage===
*Kempe was the title character in Dan Roentsch's play ''Will Kemp''.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=zuYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=%22dan+roentsch%22+%22will+kemp%22&source=bl&ots=Q-qTsDS5Mt&sig=14WNgEIw-OijU_2GKCyLscghp94&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FkidUa-NOaXY0gGC3ICQAQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q="dan roentsch" "will kemp"&f=false</ref>
*[[William Gibson (playwright)|William Gibson]] depicts Kempe as a moody tragedian in his 1968 play ''[[A Cry of Players]]'', a significant departure from Kempe's actual performance style.

In 2008, comedian [[Tim FitzHigham]] re-enacted Kemp's Nine Day's Wonder by Morris dancing from London to Norwich, forming the basis of his play The Bard's Fool, performed at the [[Edinburgh Fringe]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Tim Fitzhigham The Bard's Fool | work=Chortle | url=http://www.chortle.co.uk/shows/edinburgh_fringe_2008/t/16406/tim_fitzhigham%3A_the_bards_fool | accessdate=August 2008}}</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite book |title = Kemp, William (d. in or after 1610?)
|last = Butler
|first = Martin
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15334
|accessdate = 30 December 2012
|year = 2004
|ref = harv
}} {{subscription required |date=December 2012}}
*{{Cite book
|title = Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham
|last = Richardson
|first = Douglas
|location = Salt Lake City
|year = 2011
|edition = 2nd
|volume = III
|ref = {{sfnref|Richardson III|2011}}
}} ISBN 144996639X
*{{Cite book
|title = Advance Sheets From Shakespeare, the Globe, and Blackfriars
|last = Wallace
|first = Charles William
|location = Stratford Upon Avon
|publisher = Stratford Head Press
|year = 1909
|pages = 1–16
|ref = harv
}}
*''Records of Early English Drama – Norwich 1540–1642'', 1984, 114–115 [Norwich Mayors' Court Books XIII p. 418] – Record of payment to Kemp for his jig
* {{cite web | title=Tim Fitzhigham The Bard's Fool | work=Chortle | url=http://www.chortle.co.uk/shows/edinburgh_fringe_2008/t/16406/tim_fitzhigham%3A_the_bards_fool | accessdate=August 2008}}
*Bald, R. C. "Leicester's Men in the Low Countries." ''Review of English Studies'' 19 (1943), 395–7.
*[[John Payne Collier|Collier, J. P.]]. ''Lives of the Original Actors in Shakespeare's Plays''. London: Shakespeare Society, 1853.
*Nielsen, James. "Kempe at the Globe." ''Shakespeare Quarterly'' 44 (1993), 466–468.
*Nunzeger, Edwin. ''A Dictionary of Actors and of Other Persons Associated With the Public Presentation of Plays in England Before 1642''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1929.
*Shapiro, James. ''1599, A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare'', "Prologue" and Chapter 1, "A Battle of Wills". (2005), 1–49.
*Wright, Louis. "Will Kemp and Commedia dell'Arte." ''Modern Language Notes'' 41 (1926), 516–520.

== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Kemp,+William | name=William Kemp}}
* {{Internet Archive author |name=William Kemp}}
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21984/21984-h/21984-h.htm Text of Kempe's ''Nine Days Wonder''] at [[Project Gutenberg]].

{{EB1911}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Kempe, William
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English actor and dancer
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1603
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kempe, William}}
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English dancers]]
[[Category:English clowns]]
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]
[[Category:16th-century births]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:17th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Burials at Southwark Cathedral]]
[[Category:1603 deaths]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:16th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:People associated with Shakespeare]]
[[Category:Walkers of the United Kingdom]]

Robert Gough

2016-01-21T22:16:27Z

JDDJS: removed Category:British male Shakespearean actors; added Category:English male Shakespearean actors using HotCat

'''Robert Gough''' (born circa 1580 - died 1624), also '''Goughe''' or '''Goffe''', was an English actor who took female parts in [[Shakespeare's]] plays. He was the father of actor [[Alexander Gough]].

==Biography==
Gough was one of the boy actors in Shakespeare's plays, appearing twenty-third in the list of actors' names prefixed to the 1623 folio. He resided in [[Southwark]], London; was living in Hill's Rents in 1604, in Samson's Rents in 1605–6, and in Austin's Rents in 1612, where he seems to have stayed until 1622, if not to his death. His death date was found in the monthly account in the register book of St. Saviour's church: "19 Feb., 1624, Robert Goffe, a player, buried." <ref>John Payne Collier, ''Memoirs of the Principal Actors in the Plays of Shakespeare, Volume 16'', Shakespeare Society, 1853, p.267.</ref>

In 1591, as a boy actor, he took the female character of Aspatia in ‘Sardanapalus,’ a portion of a piece by [[Richard Tarlton]] called ‘[[The Seven Deadly Sins (play)|The Seconde Parte of the Seven Deadlie Sinns]],’ of which ‘The Platt’ is all that survives, and is to be found among the manuscripts (No. xix.) at [[Dulwich College]], printed in Steevens's additions to Malone's ‘Historical Account,’ and in Collier's ‘English Dramatic Poetry.’

He almost certainly played the role of Juliet<ref>Jay Halio, ''Romeo and Juliet: A Guide to the Play'', Greenwood Press, 1998, p.97.</ref> opposite the 28-year-old [[Richard Burbage]] in the first stage performances of ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' circa 1595.

In 1603 he had a legacy from [[Thomas Pope (16th-century actor)|Thomas Pope]], whom Malone assumes to have probably been his master, of half of the testator's wearing apparel and arms.

On 13 February 1602 he married Elizabeth Phillips, the sister of [[Augustine Phillips]], the actor, who received from her brother a testamentary bequest of 10l "of lawfull money of England." Under the name Robert Goffe, Goughe is a witness to Phillips's will, which is dated 4 May 1605.

In 1611 he played the Usurping Tyrant in the ‘[[The Second Maiden's Tragedy|Second Maiden's Tragedy]].’ If he had been 11 in his first role as Aspatia, and had played Juliet at around age 15, then his Usurping Tyrant role would have been played at age 31.

==Children of Robert Gough==
Elizabeth Goffe or Gough, daughter of Robert, a player, was baptised on 30 May 1605, Nicholas Goffe on 24 November 1608, Dorothaye Goffe on 10 February 1610, buried on 12 January 1612, and Alexander Goffe on 7 August 1614, all at St. Saviour's Church.

The last-named, also an actor until the closing of the theatres, published in 1652 the ''Widow'', by Ben Jonson, Fletcher, and Middleton, and according to Wright's ''Historia Histrionica'' was "the woman actor at Black Friars", who, when in Cromwell's time the actors played privately in the houses of noblemen, "used to be the jackal, and give notice of time and place."

==References==
{{reflist}}

;Attribution
{{DNB|wstitle=Goughe, Robert|first=John Joseph|last=Knight|authorlink=Joseph Knight (critic)|volume=22}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Gough, Robert
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English actor
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1624
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gough, Robert}}
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1624 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]

Robert Armin

2016-01-20T03:47:39Z

JDDJS: removed Category:British male Shakespearean actors; added Category:English male Shakespearean actors using HotCat

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
[[File:Robert Armin.jpg|thumb|right|Title page of Armin's ''The History of the two Maids of More-Clacke'', 1609. The woodcut shows Armin onstage.]]

'''Robert Armin''' (c. 1563 – 1615) was an [[England|English]] [[actor]], a member of the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]]. He became the leading [[comedy]] actor with the troupe associated with [[William Shakespeare]] following the departure of [[William Kempe|Will Kempe]] around 1600. Also a popular comic author, he wrote a comedy, ''The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke'', as well as ''Foole upon Foole'', ''A Nest of Ninnies'' (1608) and ''The Italian Taylor and his Boy''.

Armin changed the part of the clown or fool from the rustic servingman turned [[comedian]] to that of a high-comedy domestic wit.

==Early life==
:"…the clown is wise because he plays the fool for money, while others have to pay for the same privilege." – [[Leslie Hotson]] in ''Shakespeare’s Motley''

Armin was one of three children born to John Armyn II of [[King's Lynn]], a successful [[tailor]] and friend to [[John Lonyson]], a [[goldsmith]] of the same place. His brother, John Armyn III, was a merchant tailor in [[London]]. Armin did not take up his father’s craft; instead, his father [[apprentice]]d him to Lonyson in the [[Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths|Goldsmiths' Company]] in 1581. Lonyson was the Master of Works at the [[Royal Mint]] in the [[Tower of London]], a position of great responsibility. The arrangement moved Armin to a life and a social circle quite different from what he might have expected as a Norfolk tailor. Lonyson died in 1582, and the apprenticeship was transferred to another master. According to a tale preserved in ''Tarlton's Jests'', Armin came to the attention of the Queen's famous jester [[Richard Tarlton]]. In the course of his duties, the story contends, Armin was sent to collect money from a lodger at Tarlton's inn. Frustrated by the man's refusal to pay, Armin wrote verses in chalk on the wall; Tarlton noticed and, approving their wit, wrote an answer in which he expressed a desire to take Armin as his apprentice. Though not corroborated, this anecdote is far from the least plausible in ''Tarlton's Jests''. Influenced by Tarlton or not, Armin already had a literary reputation before he finished his apprenticeship in 1592. In 1590, his name is affixed to the preface of a religious tract, ''A Brief Resolution of the Right Religion''. Two years later, both [[Thomas Nashe]] (in ''Strange News'') and [[Gabriel Harvey]] (in ''Pierce's Supererogation'') mention him as a writer of [[ballad]]s; none of his work in this vein, however, is known to have survived.

==The Chandos company==
At some point in the 1590s, Armin joined a company of players patronized by [[William Brydges, 4th Baron Chandos]]. With this company, about which little is known, he is presumed to have traveled from the western [[English Midlands|Midlands]] to [[East Anglia]]. The nature of his work for the company may be estimated from his parts in ''The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke''. The preface to the [[1609 in literature|1609]] [[book size|quarto]] indicates that he played Blue John, a clown in the vein of Tarlton and Kempe; he also seems to have doubled in the role of Tutch, a witty fool of the type he later played in London. The late quarto is associated with a revival by the [[King's Revels Children]], a short-lived troupe of [[boy player]]s led by [[Nathan Field]], but it was almost certainly written around 1597.

Little else is known precisely of Armin's time with [[Chandos's Men]]. A dedication to his patron's widow in 1604 suggests some personal acquaintance with the Brydges family; on the other hand, a reference in another work suggests he may have spent some time, like Kempe, as a solo performer. The pair of books Armin published around the turn of the century demonstrate a performer with an interest in his craft. ''Fool Upon Fool'' (1600, 1605; reissued in 1608 as ''A Nest of Ninnies''), offers the wit of assorted natural fools, some of whom Armin knew personally. The same year he published ''Quips upon Questions'', a collection of seemingly extemporaneous dialogues with his [[marotte]], named by him Signor Truncheon. In this he demonstrates his style; instead of having a conversation with the audience, as Tarlton did, and entering into a battle of wits, he jests using multiple [[persona]]s, improvised song, or by commenting on a person or event. Rather than exchange words, he gave words freely. Armin reported in that work that on either Tuesday 25 December 1599, or Tuesday 1 January 1600, he would be traveling to [[Hackney Village|Hackney]] to wait on his "right honourable good lord". This was possibly Baron Chandos, who may have been visiting [[Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche]] over the holidays, or more likely [[Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford]] who lived in Hackney.<ref>Bednarz. James P. (2001) ''Shakespeare and the Poet’s War'', New York: Columbia UP, p. 267.</ref><ref>McCrea, Scott (2005), ''The Case for Shakespeare: The End of the Authorship Question'', Westport: Praeger, p. 169.</ref>

The first editions of these two books were credited to "Clonnico de Curtanio Snuffe"—that is, to the "Clown of the [[Curtain Theatre|Curtain]]". The 1605 edition changes "Curtain" to "Mundo" (that is, [[Globe Theatre|Globe]]); only in 1608 was he credited by name, though the earlier title pages would have sufficed to identify him for Londoners.

Another work of uncertain date (it was published in 1609) is ''The Italian Tailor and his Boy''. A translation of a tale from [[Gianfrancesco Straparola]], the subject matter may reflect his family background of tailors. He was a tailor’s son, who paralleled in the [[Italian people|Italian]] tailor’s apprentice, and the [[ruby]] ring of the play’s lore parallels the goldsmith apprentice.

Sutcliffe argues that Armin wrote a pamphlet published in 1599, ''A Pil to Purge Melancholie'', on the grounds that it was published by the same press, mentions a clown with Armin’s nickname, and contains verbal echoes of ''Two Maids of More-clacke''.

==Lord Chamberlain's Men==
The timing of Armin's joining the Chamberlain's Men is as mysterious as its occasion. That it was connected to Kempe's departure has been generally accepted; however, the reasons for that departure are not clear. One traditional view—that the company in general or [[Shakespeare]] specifically had begun to tire of Kempe's old-fashioned clowning—is still current, though the main evidence for this view consists of Kempe's departure and the type of comic roles Shakespeare wrote after 1600. Armin played on the Globe stage by August 1600; Wiles theorizes that he may have joined the Chamberlain’s Men in 1599, but continued to perform solo pieces at the Curtain; however, he may also have played with the company at the Curtain, while Kempe was still a member.

Armin is generally credited with all the "licensed fools" in the repertory of the Chamberlain's and [[King's Men (playing company)|King's Men]]: Touchstone in ''[[As You Like It]]'', Feste in ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', the Fool in ''[[King Lear]]'', Lavatch in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'', and perhaps Thersites in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'', the Porter in ''[[Macbeth]]'', the Fool in ''[[Timon of Athens]]'', and Autolycus in ''[[The Winter's Tale]]''. Touchstone is the fool of these three about which there is the most critical debate. [[Harold Bloom]] describes him as "rancidly vicious," and writes that "this more intense rancidity works as a [[touchstone (assaying tool)|touchstone]] should, to prove the true gold of Rosalind’s spirit". [[John Palmer (author)|John Palmer]] disagrees and writes that "he must be either a true [[Cynicism (contemporary)|cynic]] or one that affects his cynicism to mask a fundamentally genial spirit". Obviously, as Palmer continues, a true cynic does not belong in [[As you like it#Setting|Arden]], so the clown "must be a thoroughly good fellow at heart". Touchstone affects the front of a malcontented cynic, thus serving as proof of Rosalind’s quick wit. When she confronts both Jaques and Touchstone, she exposes their silliness and prevents the fools from making Arden out to be worse than it really is.

Feste was almost certainly written for Armin, as he is a scholar, a singer, and a wit. Feste’s purpose is to reveal the foolishness of those around him. Lear’s fool differs from both Touchstone and Feste as well as from other clowns of his era. Touchstone and Feste are philosopher-fools; Lear’s fool is the natural fool of whom Armin studied and wrote. Armin here had the opportunity to display his studies. The fool speaks the prophecy lines, which he tells—largely ignored—to [[King Lear|Lear]] before disappearing from the play altogether. Lear’s fool is hardly around for entertainment purposes; rather, he is present to forward the plot, remain loyal to the king, and perhaps to stall his madness.

Although Armin typically played these intelligent clown roles, he is also thought to have originated the role of [[Iago]] in ''[[Othello]]''.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=um9w6Ws_Q0IC&pg=PT88 Verdi's Shakespeare: Men of the Theater], Garry Wills, p. 88-90</ref>

In non-Shakespearean roles, he probably played Pasarello in [[John Marston (poet)|John Marston]]'s ''[[The Malcontent]]''; indeed, Marston may have added the part for him when the play was produced by the King's Men. Armin appears in the cast list for [[Ben Jonson]]'s ''[[The Alchemist (play)|The Alchemist]]''; he may have played Drugger. He is also presumed to have been the clown in [[George Wilkins]]'s ''The Miseries of Inforst Marriage''.

He is not named in the cast list for Jonson's ''Catiline'' (1611), and other evidence suggests that he retired in 1609 or 1610. The preface to the ''Two Maids'' quarto confides, "I would have again enacted John myself, but ''tempora mutantur in illis'', and I cannot do as I would". He was buried in late 1615.

In London, he resided in the parish of St. Botolph's [[Aldgate]]; three of his children named in the parish register appear to have died before adulthood. Fellow King's Man [[Augustine Phillips]] bequeathed him twenty [[shilling]]s as a "fellow"; [[John Davies of Hereford]] wrote Armin a complimentary [[epigram]]. His burial is recorded in the Registers of St Botolph's as 30.11.1615.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofacto00nung/dictionaryofacto00nung_djvu.txt Nungezer, Edwin (1929), "A Dictionary of Actors and of Other Persons Associated with the Public Representation of Plays in England, before 1642", OUP]</ref>

==A new fool==
Armin may have played a key role in the development of [[Shakespearian fool]]s.<ref>[http://www.foolsforhire.com/info/history.html History of the Fool]</ref> "If any player breathed," Hotson tells us, "who could explore with Shakespeare the shadows and fitful flashes of the borderland of insanity, that player was Armin". Robert Armin explored every aspect of the clown, from the natural idiot to the philosopher-fool; from serving man to retained jester. In study, writing, and performance, Armin moved the fool from rustic zany to trained motley. His characters—those he wrote and those he acted—absurdly point out the absurdity of what is otherwise called normal. Instead of appealing to the identity of the English commoner by imitating them, he created a new fool, a high-comic jester for whom wisdom is wit and wit is wisdom.
When Robert Armin replaced Kemp in the Chamberlain's Men, it was considered the "taming of the clown". Armin's new style of comedy brought into play the "world-wisely fool". This urged Shakespeare to create [[Feste]] in his ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', who was a philosophical social insurgence. He had a place everywhere, but belonged nowhere.
[[Ken Kesey]] told an interviewer of this notion of a fool. "That fool of Shakespeare’s, the actor Robert Armin, became so popular that finally Shakespeare wrote him out of Henry IV. In a book called ''A Nest of Ninnies'', Armin wrote about the difference between a fool artificial and a fool natural. And the way Armin defines the two is important: the character Jack Oates is a true fool natural. He never stops being a fool to save himself; he never tries to do anything but anger his master, Sir William. A fool artificial is always trying to please; he’s a lackey."<ref>[http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1830/the-art-of-fiction-no-136-ken-kesey The Paris Review, "Ken Kesey, The Art of Fiction No. 136 (Interviewed by Robert Faggen)"]</ref>

==Modern References==

===''The Shakespeare Stealer''===
Robert Armin is a significant character in [[Gary Blackwood (author)|Gary Blackwood]]'s [[historical fiction]] ''[[The Shakespeare Stealer]]''.

===''Tam Lin''===
In the 1991 Pamela Dean novel ''[[Tam Lin (novel)|Tam Lin]]'', one of the major characters is Robert Armin (better known as Robin), a Classics and Theater student at a small college in the Midwestern U.S. during the early 1970s who has a surprisingly detailed knowledge of William Shakespeare's life and work.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*Bloom, Harold. ''Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human''. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998.
*Brown, John Russell. ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Theatre.'' Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Web.
*Faggen, Robert. ''Ken Kesey-The Art of Fiction''. The Paris Review: Issue 130, Spring 1994.
*Felver, Charles S. "Robert Armin, Shakespeare's Fool: a Biographical Essay." ''Kent State University Bulletin'' 49(1) January 1961.
*Gray, Austin. "Robert Armine, the Foole." ''PMLA'' 42 (1927), 673-685.
*Hotson, Leslie. ''Shakespeare’s Motley''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.
*Lippincott, H. F. "King Lear and the Fools of Armin." ''Shakespeare Quarterly'' 26 (1975), 243-253.
*Palmer, John. ''Comic Characters of Shakespeare''. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1953.
*Sutcliffe, Chris. ''Robert Armin: Apprentice Goldsmith.'' Notes and Queries (1994) 41(4): 503-504.
*Sutcliffe, Chris. ''The Canon of Robert Armin's Work: An Addition.'' Notes and Queries (1996) 43(2): 171-175.
*Wiles, David. ''Shakespeare's Clown''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
*Zall, P. M., ed. ''A Nest of Ninnies and Other English Jestbooks of the Seventeenth Century.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970.

{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Armin, Robert
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English actor
| DATE OF BIRTH =1563
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1615
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armin, Robert}}
[[Category:1560s births]]
[[Category:1615 deaths]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English clowns]]
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]
[[Category:17th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:16th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:People associated with Shakespeare]]

Tituss Burgess

2016-01-14T01:57:56Z

JDDJS: -Category:American male film actors; -Category:American male voice actors using HotCat only in one not notable film and only one voice role

{{Infobox person
| name = Tituss Burgess
| image = Tituss Burgess and Barbara Cook.jpg
| caption = Burgess with [[Barbara Cook]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|02|21}}
| birth_place = [[Athens, Georgia]], [[United States]]
| occupation = Actor, singer
| alma mater = [[University of Georgia]]
| years_active = 2005{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Tituss Burgess''' (born February 21, 1979)<ref name="playbill">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbillvault.com/Person/Detail/50839/Tituss-Burgess|title=Tituss Burgess - Broadway Theatre Credits, Photos, Who's Who - Playbill Vault|work=[[Playbill|Playbill Vault]]|accessdate=March 20, 2015}}</ref> is an American actor and singer. He has appeared in four [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musicals and is known for his very high [[tenor]] voice. He is a main cast member on the [[Netflix]] original series ''[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt]]'', for which he received a nomination for the [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] in 2015.

==Personal life==
Burgess, an only child, was born and raised in [[Athens, Georgia]], and attended [[Cedar Shoals High School]] where he was active in the theatre program. He graduated from the [[University of Georgia]] with a BA in music.<ref>{{cite web|work=UGA Alumni Association|date=February 13, 2015|title=Alumni Spotlight: Tituss Burgess (AB '01)|url=http://www.alumni.uga.edu/alumni/index.php/site/blog/31597}}</ref>

==Career==
Burgess made his [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] debut in the musical ''[[Good Vibrations (musical)|Good Vibrations]]'' as Eddie in 2005, and then appeared in ''[[Jersey Boys]]'' in 2005 as Hal Miller. He originated the role of "Sebastian the Crab" in the musical ''[[The Little Mermaid (musical)|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 2007 and went on to the role of Nicely-Nicely Johnson in the revival of ''[[Guys and Dolls (musical)|Guys and Dolls]]'' in 2009.

He has also performed in several regional theater productions, including ''[[The Wiz]]'' and ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]''.

Burgess performed at the "Broadway for Obama" benefit concert held at the State Theatre Center for the Arts in [[Easton, Pennsylvania]] on October 20, 2008.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122130 "Broadway for Obama Concert to Feature Lopez, Burgess, Hicks, Dixon and More,"] playbill.com, October 8, 2008</ref>
He performed at the "Broadway After Dark" benefit concert on October 26, 2008 in New York City.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122699 "Broadway After Dark Features Braxton, Burgess, Dandridge, Sengbloh and More Oct. 26,"] playbill.com, October 26, 2008</ref> He performed in a solo concert at [[Birdland (jazz club)|Birdland]] in New York City on July 27, 2009.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/130396 "Guys and Dolls' Burgess to Play Birdland in July,"] playbill.com, June 19, 2009</ref> In 2009, he was one of the performers on the [[R Family Vacations]] Summer Cruise from July 11 through July 18.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/130996 "All Aboard!: R Family Vacations Summer Cruise, with McArdle, Burgess, Jackson, Departs July 11,"] playbill.com, July 11, 2009</ref>

In October 2009, he was featured on an episode of the popular web show ''The Battery's Down''. He appeared in [[30 Rock (season 5)|season 5]] of ''[[30 Rock]]'' as D'Fwan, a member of [[Tracy Jordan]]'s wife's entourage. He reprised the role in [[30 Rock (season 6)|season 6]].

In March 2013, Burgess performed "And I Am Telling You..." from the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musical ''[[Dreamgirls]]'' at [[Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS]] fundraising concert Broadway Backwards.<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qoOtUMQ12k|title="And I Am Telling You..." Tituss Burgess - 2013 Broadway Backwards|date=26 March 2013|work=YouTube}}</ref>

Burgess was cast as the role of the Witch in ''[[Into the Woods]]'' in a 2015 production with the Miami's [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts|Carnival Studio Theater]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/tituss-burgess-will-be-the-witch-in-miami-into-the-woods-sondheim-gives-blessing-338577|title=Tituss Burgess Will Be The Witch in Miami Into the Woods; Sondheim Gives Blessing|work=Playbill}}</ref>

On March 6, 2015, [[Netflix]] released the first season of ''[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt]]'' which stars Burgess in a main role as Titus Andromedon, Kimmy's roommate. Burgess received universal acclaim for his performance, with ''[[The New York Times]]'' stating that the role was tailor made for him.<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Tituss Burgess on a Role Tailor-Made for Him on ‘Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt’|author=Drumming, Neil|date=March 20, 2015|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/21/arts/television/tituss-burgess-on-a-role-tailor-made-for-him-on-kimmy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.out.com/television/2015/3/03/tituss-burgess|title=Why Tituss Burgess Makes Tina Fey Laugh|work=[[Out (magazine)|Out]]}}</ref> For his performance in the first season, he received a nomination for [[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series|Best Supporting Actor]] at the 2015 [[Critics' Choice Television Awards]] for his performance and an Emmy nomination for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series|Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] at the [[67th Primetime Emmy Awards|2015 ceremony]].

==Theatre Credits==
*''[[Good Vibrations (musical)|Good Vibrations]]'', Eddie, Feb. 2 - Apr. 24, 2005, Broadway
*''[[Jersey Boys]]'', [[Hal Miller]], Nov. 6, 2005 - Jul. 31, 2006, Broadway
*''[[The Little Mermaid (musical)|The Little Mermaid]]'', [[Sebastian (Disney)|Sebastian]], Nov. 3, 2007 - Dec. 7, 2008, Broadway
*''[[Guys and Dolls]]'', Nicely-Nicely Johnson, Mar. 1 - June 14, 2009, Broadway
*''[[The Wiz]]'', regional
*''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]'', Judas, regional
*''[[Into the Woods]]'', the Witch, [[Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts]]

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2014 |||| Hank Trenton ||
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''The Battery's Down'' || Mr. Z || 2 episodes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[A Gifted Man]]'' || Larry the Guard || Episode: "In Case of Discomfort"
|-
| 2011–2012 || ''[[30 Rock]]'' || D'Fwan || 4 episodes
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]'' || Priest || Episode: "The Life We Chose"
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Royal Pains]]'' || Kristoff || Episode: "Bones to Pick"
|-
| 2015–present || ''[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt]]'' || [[Titus Andromedon]] || Series Regular, 13 episodes [[Webby Awards|Webby Award for Best Actor]] [[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt|Gold Derby TV Award for Best Comedy Supporting Actor]] Nominated—[[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] Nominated—[[Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt|Gold Derby TV Award for Breakthrough Performer of the Year]] Nominated—[[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]]
|-
|}

===Video Games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]'' || Barber || Credited under "Local Population"
|-
|}

== Discography ==
*''Jersey Boys'' (2005) Original Cast Recording
*''Here's To You'' (2006) Studio Album
*''Here's To You'' (2006) debut solo album, available on iTunes
*''[[Disney's The Little Mermaid (2008 album)|Disney's The Little Mermaid]]'' (2008) Original Cast Recording
*''Keys'' (2008) Scott Alan
*''Thirteen Stories Down'' (2010) Jonathan Reid Gealt
*''Comfortable (2012) Studio Album

==Awards and Nominations==
*2008 Broadway.com Audience Award for Favorite Featured Actor in a Musical for ''The Little Mermaid '' (nominated)
*2015 [[Webby Award]] for Best Actor for ''Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt'' '''(won)'''
*2015 [[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] for ''Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt'' (nominated)
*2015 Gold Derby TV Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy for ''Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt'' '''(won)'''
*2015 [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series]] for ''Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt'' (nominated)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*{{IBDB name | id=391068 }}
*{{IMDb name|4270695}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Burgess, Tituss
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Actor and singer
| DATE OF BIRTH =February 21, 1979
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Athens, Georgia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burgess, Tituss}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:African-American male actors]]
[[Category:American male musical theatre actors]]
[[Category:American male stage actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:American tenors]]
[[Category:Gay actors]]
[[Category:LGBT African Americans]]
[[Category:LGBT entertainers from the United States]]
[[Category:LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:People from Athens, Georgia]]
[[Category:University of Georgia alumni]]

William Kempe

2016-01-13T20:57:09Z

JDDJS: removed Category:Male Shakespearean actors; added Category:British male Shakespearean actors using HotCat

{{other people}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

[[Image:Will Kemp Elizabethan Clown Jig.jpg|250px|thumb|right|William Kempe (right) from ''Nine Days Wonder'' (1600)]]
'''William Kempe''' (died 1603), commonly referred to as '''Will Kemp''', was an English actor and dancer specialising in comic roles and best known for having been one of the original players in early dramas by [[William Shakespeare]]. Roles associated with his name may include the great comic creation, [[Falstaff]], and his contemporaries considered him the successor to the great [[Jester|clown]] of the previous generation, [[Richard Tarlton]].

Kempe's success and influence was such that in December 1598 he was one of a core of five actor-shareholders in the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]] alongside Shakespeare and [[Richard Burbage]], but in a short time (possibly after a disagreement among the members of the troupe) he parted company with the group. Despite his fame as a performer and subsequent intent to continue his career, he appears to have died unregarded and in poverty circa 1603.

==Life==
In a 1615 lawsuit brought by Thomasina (née Heminges) Ostler, widow of [[William Ostler]], against her father, [[John Heminges]], the recently deceased actor William Kempe was referred to as a gentleman (''Willelmo Kempe nuper de Londonia generoso defuncto''),<ref>{{Harvnb|Wallace|1909|p=7}}.</ref> and it has been suggested that he was a member of the Kempe family of [[Olantigh]], Kent:

<blockquote>Kemp's parentage is unknown, though it has been conjectured that, despite his plebeian performance persona, he was linked in some way to the Kempes of Ollantighe, near Ashford in Kent, who were a wealthy Catholic dynasty. Sir Thomas Kempe (1517–1591) did indeed have a son named William;<ref>{{Harvnb|Richardson III|2011|p=276}}.</ref> however, the claim that this William Kempe was the actor cannot be correct, since he was buried at Wye church on 27 March 1597 (Honneyman, 125–9; Bannerman, 3; private information, A. Findlay) . Nonetheless, this putative connection might help explain the otherwise surprising story—dramatized in the play The Travailes of the Three English Brothers (1607) by Day, Rowley, and Wilkins—that when William Kemp the actor was in Italy in 1601 he had an encounter with the celebrated traveller Sir Anthony Shirley: for Sir Anthony and his two equally famous brothers were related to the Ollantighe Kempes through their mother, who was Sir Thomas Kempe's daughter. Possibly, then, the actor had some tie of kinship to Ollantighe, at an outlying point on the family tree; or perhaps in recommending himself to Shirley he was just opportunistically taking advantage of the name he shared with Shirley's mother.<ref>{{Harvnb|Butler|2004}}.</ref></blockquote>

Kempe first enters the historical record as a performer with [[Leicester's Men]] at [[Essex House (London)|Leicester House]] in May 1585<ref>The Earl made a special payment of ten [[shilling]]s for this performance.</ref> and continued in this service after [[Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester|Leicester]]'s departure for the [[Low Countries]] to take part in the [[Eighty Years' War]]. Leicester's nephew, [[Philip Sidney]], sent letters home by way of a man he called "Will, my Lord of Lester's jesting player" and it is now generally accepted this was Kempe. Sidney complained in a letter to [[Francis Walsingham]] that "Will" had delivered the letters to [[Lettice Knollys|Lady Leicester]] rather than Sidney's wife, [[Frances Walsingham]]. After a brief return to England, Kempe accompanied two other future Lord Chamberlain's Men, [[George Bryan (16th-century actor)|George Bryan]] and [[Thomas Pope (16th-century actor)|Thomas Pope]], to [[Elsinore]] where he entertained [[Frederick II of Denmark]].

Kempe's whereabouts in the later 1580s are not known, but that his fame as a performer was growing during this period is indicated by [[Thomas Nashe]]'s ''An Almond for a Parrot'' (1590). Nashe dedicated this work to Kempe, calling him "vicegerent general to the ghost of Dick Tarlton."<ref>{{cite book |title = William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life
|authorlink = Samuel Schoenbaum
|last = Schoenbaum
|first = Samuel
|year = 1987
|page = 184
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|isbn = 0-19-505161-0
}}</ref> Similarly, the title-page of the [[book size|quarto]] of ''A Knack to Know a Knave'' advertises Kempe's "merriments". (Because title-pages were a means to draw attention to a book, the mention of Kempe suggests that he had become an attraction in his own right.) Critics have generally viewed the scene in which Kempe performs as rather flat (Collier, 97) and it is assumed that the scene provided a framework within which Kempe could [[improvise]]. Entries in the [[Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers|Stationers' Register]] indicate that three jigs (short comic plays) perhaps written by Kempe were published between 1591 and 1595. Two of these have survived.

By 1592 Kempe was one of [[Lord Strange's Men]], listed in the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] authorisation for that troupe to play seven miles out of London. In 1594, upon the dissolution of Strange's Men, Kempe, along with Burbage and Shakespeare, joined the Lord Chamberlain's Men and remained with that company until early 1599, when a still-unclear sequence of events removed him from the company. Although he had been a sharer in the plans to construct the [[Globe Theatre]], he appeared in no productions in the new theatre, which was open by mid-1599, and evidence from Shakespeare's ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'', in which there is no promised continued role for Falstaff, and ''[[Hamlet]]'', containing its famous complaint at improvisational clowning (Act 3, Scene 2), indicates some of the circumstances in which Kempe may have been dropped.<ref>James Shapiro, (2005). ''1599, A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare''. Faber and Faber, London. pp.42–49.</ref>

==Final years==
[[File:Kemp's Men, Chapelfield Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 167501.jpg|thumb|left| [[Wood carving]] of Kempe in Chapelfield Gardens, [[Norwich]]]]
After his departure from the Chamberlain's Men in early 1599, Kempe continued to pursue his career as a performer. In February and March 1600, he undertook what he would later call his "Nine Days Wonder", in which he [[morris dance]]d from London to [[Norwich]] (a distance of over a hundred miles) in a journey which took him nine days spread over several weeks, often amid cheering crowds. Later that year he published a description of the event to prove to doubters that it was true.<ref>The year Kempe gives was 1599 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]], which has caused some later confusion. That Kempe's jig took place in 1600 (New Style) is established by a record of the payment of his prize money by the Norwich City Corporation.</ref> However, his activities after this famous stunt are as obscure as his origins. On evidence from ''[[The Travels of the Three English Brothers]]'', he is assumed to have made another European tour, perhaps reaching Italy, but by 1601 he was borrowing money from [[Philip Henslowe]] and had joined [[Worcester's Men]]. The last undoubted mention of him occurs in Henslowe's diary in late 1602.

Parish records record the death of "Kempe, a man" in ''[[Southwark St Saviour|St. Saviour]]'', [[Southwark]], late in 1603. While this is not necessarily the comedian, the record fits his departure from the documentary record.

==Performance style==
In his time, Kempe was as famous for his [[stage jig]]s as for his acting in regular drama. The jig, a kind of rustic cousin to [[commedia dell'arte]], featured as many as five performers in a partially improvised song-and-dance routine. Jigs had plots, often bawdy, but the emphasis was on dancing and physical comedy. Two of Kempe's jigs survive in English, and two more in German. Examples of the jigs may be seen in the manuscript collection of [[John Dowland]] (now in the [[Cambridge University Library]]). A famous 17th century jig called [[Kemp's Jig]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mathew Holmes lute books: Kemp's jig|url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-DD-00002-00011/194|website=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk|publisher=Cambridge Digital Library|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref> was named after Will Kempe and was published in the first book of [[John Playford]]'s ''[[The English Dancing Master]]'' of 1651. The tune has received a number of modern renditions, including those by [[Profile (Jan Akkerman album)|Jan Akkerman]] and [[Gryphon (album)|Gryphon]].

As an actor, Kempe is certainly associated with two roles: [[Dogberry]] in ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' and Peter in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. (In the quarto text of the latter, and in both quarto and [[First Folio]] text of the former, he is identified in speech prefixes and stage directions.) From these hints, a list of Kempe's parts has been deduced which, if conjectural, is not improbable: Costard in ''[[Love's Labours Lost]]'', [[Nick Bottom|Bottom]] in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', Lancelot Gobbo in ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'', and Cob in [[Ben Jonson]]'s ''[[Every Man in His Humour]]''. [[Falstaff]] is a more ambiguous case. Though Falstaff presents some features of an Elizabethan dramatic clown, his character is higher in class and more complex than the other roles with which Kempe is associated.

==Kempe in period fiction==
*Kempe appears as a character in ''[[Parnassus plays|The Return from Parnassus, or The Scourge of Simony]]'', possibly written during his lifetime or very shortly after his death. In it he praises Shakespeare for outdoing university-educated playwrights.

==Kempe in modern fiction==

===Film and TV===
*In the 1978 TV series ''[[Will Shakespeare (TV series)|Will Shakespeare]]'' Kempe is portrayed by [[Derek Royle]] as an oafish alcoholic. He is ousted from the troupe and replaced by [[Robert Armin]] when they think he has betrayed their involvement in the [[Essex Rebellion]]. In fact Armin is the informer, who has framed Kempe to replace him.
*In the 1998 [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]] film ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'', he is played by veteran [[character actor]] [[Patrick Barlow]].
*In 2005's TV-film ''[[A Waste of Shame]]'' he is portrayed by [[John Voce]].
*In the 2007 [[Doctor Who]] episode "[[The Shakespeare Code]]", Kempe is played by [[David Westhead]].

===Literature===
*Kempe is a key character in [[Kevin Sylvester]]'s 2015 novel for young adults ''Neil Flambé and the Bard's Banquet'', published by Simon & Schuster Books
*Kempe appears in Ann Young's 2002 novel for young adults ''The Nine Days Wonder'', published by East Hall Press.
*In [[Neil Gaiman]]'s 1991 graphic novel [[The Sandman: Dream Country]], Kempe is depicted in the issue ''A Midsummer Night's Dream,'' a short story about Shakespeare's first performance of the play.
*Kempe also appears in ''[[King of Shadows]]'', a 1999 children's fiction book which shows Kempe as a clown dancing a Nine Days' Morris.
*In [[Harry Turtledove]]'s [[alternate history]] 2002 novel ''[[Ruled Britannia]]'' Kempe is one of the main characters. His off-stage personality is indistinguishable from the characters he plays on stage, and his antics provide much of the humour in the novel, which is set during a time of grim peril.
*In J. B. Cheaney's 2004 novel ''The True Prince'' along with more of the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]].
*''Kempe's Jig'' is referenced in [[Geoffrey Hill]]'s poem "After Reading ''Children of Albion'' (1969)" from his ''A Treatise of Civil Power'', published in 2007.

===Stage===
*Kempe was the title character in Dan Roentsch's play ''Will Kemp''.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=zuYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=%22dan+roentsch%22+%22will+kemp%22&source=bl&ots=Q-qTsDS5Mt&sig=14WNgEIw-OijU_2GKCyLscghp94&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FkidUa-NOaXY0gGC3ICQAQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q="dan roentsch" "will kemp"&f=false</ref>
*[[William Gibson (playwright)|William Gibson]] depicts Kempe as a moody tragedian in his 1968 play ''[[A Cry of Players]]'', a significant departure from Kempe's actual performance style.

In 2008, comedian [[Tim FitzHigham]] re-enacted Kemp's Nine Day's Wonder by Morris dancing from London to Norwich, forming the basis of his play The Bard's Fool, performed at the [[Edinburgh Fringe]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Tim Fitzhigham The Bard's Fool | work=Chortle | url=http://www.chortle.co.uk/shows/edinburgh_fringe_2008/t/16406/tim_fitzhigham%3A_the_bards_fool | accessdate=August 2008}}</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite book |title = Kemp, William (d. in or after 1610?)
|last = Butler
|first = Martin
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/15334
|accessdate = 30 December 2012
|year = 2004
|ref = harv
}} {{subscription required |date=December 2012}}
*{{Cite book
|title = Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham
|last = Richardson
|first = Douglas
|location = Salt Lake City
|year = 2011
|edition = 2nd
|volume = III
|ref = {{sfnref|Richardson III|2011}}
}} ISBN 144996639X
*{{Cite book
|title = Advance Sheets From Shakespeare, the Globe, and Blackfriars
|last = Wallace
|first = Charles William
|location = Stratford Upon Avon
|publisher = Stratford Head Press
|year = 1909
|pages = 1–16
|ref = harv
}}
*''Records of Early English Drama – Norwich 1540–1642'', 1984, 114–115 [Norwich Mayors' Court Books XIII p. 418] – Record of payment to Kemp for his jig
* {{cite web | title=Tim Fitzhigham The Bard's Fool | work=Chortle | url=http://www.chortle.co.uk/shows/edinburgh_fringe_2008/t/16406/tim_fitzhigham%3A_the_bards_fool | accessdate=August 2008}}
*Bald, R. C. "Leicester's Men in the Low Countries." ''Review of English Studies'' 19 (1943), 395–7.
*[[John Payne Collier|Collier, J. P.]]. ''Lives of the Original Actors in Shakespeare's Plays''. London: Shakespeare Society, 1853.
*Nielsen, James. "Kempe at the Globe." ''Shakespeare Quarterly'' 44 (1993), 466–468.
*Nunzeger, Edwin. ''A Dictionary of Actors and of Other Persons Associated With the Public Presentation of Plays in England Before 1642''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1929.
*Shapiro, James. ''1599, A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare'', "Prologue" and Chapter 1, "A Battle of Wills". (2005), 1–49.
*Wright, Louis. "Will Kemp and Commedia dell'Arte." ''Modern Language Notes'' 41 (1926), 516–520.

== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Kemp,+William | name=William Kemp}}
* {{Internet Archive author |name=William Kemp}}
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21984/21984-h/21984-h.htm Text of Kempe's ''Nine Days Wonder''] at [[Project Gutenberg]].

{{EB1911}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Kempe, William
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English actor and dancer
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1603
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kempe, William}}
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English dancers]]
[[Category:English clowns]]
[[Category:British male Shakespearean actors]]
[[Category:16th-century births]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:17th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:Burials at Southwark Cathedral]]
[[Category:1603 deaths]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:16th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:People associated with Shakespeare]]
[[Category:Walkers of the United Kingdom]]

Robert Gough

2016-01-13T20:25:51Z

JDDJS: removed Category:Male Shakespearean actors; added Category:British male Shakespearean actors using HotCat

Robert Armin

2016-01-13T19:58:11Z

JDDJS: removed Category:Male Shakespearean actors; added Category:British male Shakespearean actors using HotCat

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
[[File:Robert Armin.jpg|thumb|right|Title page of Armin's ''The History of the two Maids of More-Clacke'', 1609. The woodcut shows Armin onstage.]]

'''Robert Armin''' (c. 1563 – 1615) was an [[England|English]] [[actor]], a member of the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]]. He became the leading [[comedy]] actor with the troupe associated with [[William Shakespeare]] following the departure of [[William Kempe|Will Kempe]] around 1600. Also a popular comic author, he wrote a comedy, ''The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke'', as well as ''Foole upon Foole'', ''A Nest of Ninnies'' (1608) and ''The Italian Taylor and his Boy''.

Armin changed the part of the clown or fool from the rustic servingman turned [[comedian]] to that of a high-comedy domestic wit.

==Early life==
:"…the clown is wise because he plays the fool for money, while others have to pay for the same privilege." – [[Leslie Hotson]] in ''Shakespeare’s Motley''

Armin was one of three children born to John Armyn II of [[King's Lynn]], a successful [[tailor]] and friend to [[John Lonyson]], a [[goldsmith]] of the same place. His brother, John Armyn III, was a merchant tailor in [[London]]. Armin did not take up his father’s craft; instead, his father [[apprentice]]d him to Lonyson in the [[Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths|Goldsmiths' Company]] in 1581. Lonyson was the Master of Works at the [[Royal Mint]] in the [[Tower of London]], a position of great responsibility. The arrangement moved Armin to a life and a social circle quite different from what he might have expected as a Norfolk tailor. Lonyson died in 1582, and the apprenticeship was transferred to another master. According to a tale preserved in ''Tarlton's Jests'', Armin came to the attention of the Queen's famous jester [[Richard Tarlton]]. In the course of his duties, the story contends, Armin was sent to collect money from a lodger at Tarlton's inn. Frustrated by the man's refusal to pay, Armin wrote verses in chalk on the wall; Tarlton noticed and, approving their wit, wrote an answer in which he expressed a desire to take Armin as his apprentice. Though not corroborated, this anecdote is far from the least plausible in ''Tarlton's Jests''. Influenced by Tarlton or not, Armin already had a literary reputation before he finished his apprenticeship in 1592. In 1590, his name is affixed to the preface of a religious tract, ''A Brief Resolution of the Right Religion''. Two years later, both [[Thomas Nashe]] (in ''Strange News'') and [[Gabriel Harvey]] (in ''Pierce's Supererogation'') mention him as a writer of [[ballad]]s; none of his work in this vein, however, is known to have survived.

==The Chandos company==
At some point in the 1590s, Armin joined a company of players patronized by [[William Brydges, 4th Baron Chandos]]. With this company, about which little is known, he is presumed to have traveled from the western [[English Midlands|Midlands]] to [[East Anglia]]. The nature of his work for the company may be estimated from his parts in ''The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke''. The preface to the [[1609 in literature|1609]] [[book size|quarto]] indicates that he played Blue John, a clown in the vein of Tarlton and Kempe; he also seems to have doubled in the role of Tutch, a witty fool of the type he later played in London. The late quarto is associated with a revival by the [[King's Revels Children]], a short-lived troupe of [[boy player]]s led by [[Nathan Field]], but it was almost certainly written around 1597.

Little else is known precisely of Armin's time with [[Chandos's Men]]. A dedication to his patron's widow in 1604 suggests some personal acquaintance with the Brydges family; on the other hand, a reference in another work suggests he may have spent some time, like Kempe, as a solo performer. The pair of books Armin published around the turn of the century demonstrate a performer with an interest in his craft. ''Fool Upon Fool'' (1600, 1605; reissued in 1608 as ''A Nest of Ninnies''), offers the wit of assorted natural fools, some of whom Armin knew personally. The same year he published ''Quips upon Questions'', a collection of seemingly extemporaneous dialogues with his [[marotte]], named by him Signor Truncheon. In this he demonstrates his style; instead of having a conversation with the audience, as Tarlton did, and entering into a battle of wits, he jests using multiple [[persona]]s, improvised song, or by commenting on a person or event. Rather than exchange words, he gave words freely. Armin reported in that work that on either Tuesday 25 December 1599, or Tuesday 1 January 1600, he would be traveling to [[Hackney Village|Hackney]] to wait on his "right honourable good lord". This was possibly Baron Chandos, who may have been visiting [[Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche]] over the holidays, or more likely [[Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford]] who lived in Hackney.<ref>Bednarz. James P. (2001) ''Shakespeare and the Poet’s War'', New York: Columbia UP, p. 267.</ref><ref>McCrea, Scott (2005), ''The Case for Shakespeare: The End of the Authorship Question'', Westport: Praeger, p. 169.</ref>

The first editions of these two books were credited to "Clonnico de Curtanio Snuffe"—that is, to the "Clown of the [[Curtain Theatre|Curtain]]". The 1605 edition changes "Curtain" to "Mundo" (that is, [[Globe Theatre|Globe]]); only in 1608 was he credited by name, though the earlier title pages would have sufficed to identify him for Londoners.

Another work of uncertain date (it was published in 1609) is ''The Italian Tailor and his Boy''. A translation of a tale from [[Gianfrancesco Straparola]], the subject matter may reflect his family background of tailors. He was a tailor’s son, who paralleled in the [[Italian people|Italian]] tailor’s apprentice, and the [[ruby]] ring of the play’s lore parallels the goldsmith apprentice.

Sutcliffe argues that Armin wrote a pamphlet published in 1599, ''A Pil to Purge Melancholie'', on the grounds that it was published by the same press, mentions a clown with Armin’s nickname, and contains verbal echoes of ''Two Maids of More-clacke''.

==Lord Chamberlain's Men==
The timing of Armin's joining the Chamberlain's Men is as mysterious as its occasion. That it was connected to Kempe's departure has been generally accepted; however, the reasons for that departure are not clear. One traditional view—that the company in general or [[Shakespeare]] specifically had begun to tire of Kempe's old-fashioned clowning—is still current, though the main evidence for this view consists of Kempe's departure and the type of comic roles Shakespeare wrote after 1600. Armin played on the Globe stage by August 1600; Wiles theorizes that he may have joined the Chamberlain’s Men in 1599, but continued to perform solo pieces at the Curtain; however, he may also have played with the company at the Curtain, while Kempe was still a member.

Armin is generally credited with all the "licensed fools" in the repertory of the Chamberlain's and [[King's Men (playing company)|King's Men]]: Touchstone in ''[[As You Like It]]'', Feste in ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', the Fool in ''[[King Lear]]'', Lavatch in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'', and perhaps Thersites in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'', the Porter in ''[[Macbeth]]'', the Fool in ''[[Timon of Athens]]'', and Autolycus in ''[[The Winter's Tale]]''. Touchstone is the fool of these three about which there is the most critical debate. [[Harold Bloom]] describes him as "rancidly vicious," and writes that "this more intense rancidity works as a [[touchstone (assaying tool)|touchstone]] should, to prove the true gold of Rosalind’s spirit". [[John Palmer (author)|John Palmer]] disagrees and writes that "he must be either a true [[Cynicism (contemporary)|cynic]] or one that affects his cynicism to mask a fundamentally genial spirit". Obviously, as Palmer continues, a true cynic does not belong in [[As you like it#Setting|Arden]], so the clown "must be a thoroughly good fellow at heart". Touchstone affects the front of a malcontented cynic, thus serving as proof of Rosalind’s quick wit. When she confronts both Jaques and Touchstone, she exposes their silliness and prevents the fools from making Arden out to be worse than it really is.

Feste was almost certainly written for Armin, as he is a scholar, a singer, and a wit. Feste’s purpose is to reveal the foolishness of those around him. Lear’s fool differs from both Touchstone and Feste as well as from other clowns of his era. Touchstone and Feste are philosopher-fools; Lear’s fool is the natural fool of whom Armin studied and wrote. Armin here had the opportunity to display his studies. The fool speaks the prophecy lines, which he tells—largely ignored—to [[King Lear|Lear]] before disappearing from the play altogether. Lear’s fool is hardly around for entertainment purposes; rather, he is present to forward the plot, remain loyal to the king, and perhaps to stall his madness.

Although Armin typically played these intelligent clown roles, he is also thought to have originated the role of [[Iago]] in ''[[Othello]]''.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=um9w6Ws_Q0IC&pg=PT88 Verdi's Shakespeare: Men of the Theater], Garry Wills, p. 88-90</ref>

In non-Shakespearean roles, he probably played Pasarello in [[John Marston (poet)|John Marston]]'s ''[[The Malcontent]]''; indeed, Marston may have added the part for him when the play was produced by the King's Men. Armin appears in the cast list for [[Ben Jonson]]'s ''[[The Alchemist (play)|The Alchemist]]''; he may have played Drugger. He is also presumed to have been the clown in [[George Wilkins]]'s ''The Miseries of Inforst Marriage''.

He is not named in the cast list for Jonson's ''Catiline'' (1611), and other evidence suggests that he retired in 1609 or 1610. The preface to the ''Two Maids'' quarto confides, "I would have again enacted John myself, but ''tempora mutantur in illis'', and I cannot do as I would". He was buried in late 1615.

In London, he resided in the parish of St. Botolph's [[Aldgate]]; three of his children named in the parish register appear to have died before adulthood. Fellow King's Man [[Augustine Phillips]] bequeathed him twenty [[shilling]]s as a "fellow"; [[John Davies of Hereford]] wrote Armin a complimentary [[epigram]]. His burial is recorded in the Registers of St Botolph's as 30.11.1615.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofacto00nung/dictionaryofacto00nung_djvu.txt Nungezer, Edwin (1929), "A Dictionary of Actors and of Other Persons Associated with the Public Representation of Plays in England, before 1642", OUP]</ref>

==A new fool==
Armin may have played a key role in the development of [[Shakespearian fool]]s.<ref>[http://www.foolsforhire.com/info/history.html History of the Fool]</ref> "If any player breathed," Hotson tells us, "who could explore with Shakespeare the shadows and fitful flashes of the borderland of insanity, that player was Armin". Robert Armin explored every aspect of the clown, from the natural idiot to the philosopher-fool; from serving man to retained jester. In study, writing, and performance, Armin moved the fool from rustic zany to trained motley. His characters—those he wrote and those he acted—absurdly point out the absurdity of what is otherwise called normal. Instead of appealing to the identity of the English commoner by imitating them, he created a new fool, a high-comic jester for whom wisdom is wit and wit is wisdom.
When Robert Armin replaced Kemp in the Chamberlain's Men, it was considered the "taming of the clown". Armin's new style of comedy brought into play the "world-wisely fool". This urged Shakespeare to create [[Feste]] in his ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', who was a philosophical social insurgence. He had a place everywhere, but belonged nowhere.
[[Ken Kesey]] told an interviewer of this notion of a fool. "That fool of Shakespeare’s, the actor Robert Armin, became so popular that finally Shakespeare wrote him out of Henry IV. In a book called ''A Nest of Ninnies'', Armin wrote about the difference between a fool artificial and a fool natural. And the way Armin defines the two is important: the character Jack Oates is a true fool natural. He never stops being a fool to save himself; he never tries to do anything but anger his master, Sir William. A fool artificial is always trying to please; he’s a lackey."<ref>[http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1830/the-art-of-fiction-no-136-ken-kesey The Paris Review, "Ken Kesey, The Art of Fiction No. 136 (Interviewed by Robert Faggen)"]</ref>

==Modern References==

===''The Shakespeare Stealer''===
Robert Armin is a significant character in [[Gary Blackwood (author)|Gary Blackwood]]'s [[historical fiction]] ''[[The Shakespeare Stealer]]''.

===''Tam Lin''===
In the 1991 Pamela Dean novel ''[[Tam Lin (novel)|Tam Lin]]'', one of the major characters is Robert Armin (better known as Robin), a Classics and Theater student at a small college in the Midwestern U.S. during the early 1970s who has a surprisingly detailed knowledge of William Shakespeare's life and work.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*Bloom, Harold. ''Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human''. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998.
*Brown, John Russell. ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Theatre.'' Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Web.
*Faggen, Robert. ''Ken Kesey-The Art of Fiction''. The Paris Review: Issue 130, Spring 1994.
*Felver, Charles S. "Robert Armin, Shakespeare's Fool: a Biographical Essay." ''Kent State University Bulletin'' 49(1) January 1961.
*Gray, Austin. "Robert Armine, the Foole." ''PMLA'' 42 (1927), 673-685.
*Hotson, Leslie. ''Shakespeare’s Motley''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.
*Lippincott, H. F. "King Lear and the Fools of Armin." ''Shakespeare Quarterly'' 26 (1975), 243-253.
*Palmer, John. ''Comic Characters of Shakespeare''. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1953.
*Sutcliffe, Chris. ''Robert Armin: Apprentice Goldsmith.'' Notes and Queries (1994) 41(4): 503-504.
*Sutcliffe, Chris. ''The Canon of Robert Armin's Work: An Addition.'' Notes and Queries (1996) 43(2): 171-175.
*Wiles, David. ''Shakespeare's Clown''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
*Zall, P. M., ed. ''A Nest of Ninnies and Other English Jestbooks of the Seventeenth Century.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970.

{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Armin, Robert
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English actor
| DATE OF BIRTH =1563
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1615
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armin, Robert}}
[[Category:1560s births]]
[[Category:1615 deaths]]
[[Category:English male stage actors]]
[[Category:English clowns]]
[[Category:British male Shakespearean actors]]
[[Category:17th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:16th-century English male actors]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:People associated with Shakespeare]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-13T05:07:45Z

JDDJS: /* Plot */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.9 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a [[Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests|victim's rights organization]], they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an [[Richard Sipe|ex-priest]] who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
{{Asof|2016|1|10|df=US}}, ''Spotlight'' has grossed $28.5 million in North America and $309,218 in other territories for a worldwide total of $28.9 million, against a budget of $20 million.<ref name="BOM"/>

In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

===Critical response===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

===Criticism===

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

====Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn====
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-13T05:07:45Z

JDDJS: /* Plot */

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-13T05:07:45Z

JDDJS: /* Plot */

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-12T05:40:52Z

JDDJS: /* Criticism */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.5 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a victim's rights organization, they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an ex-priest who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

===Criticism===

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

====Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn====
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-12T05:40:52Z

JDDJS: /* Criticism */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.5 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a victim's rights organization, they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an ex-priest who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

===Criticism===

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

====Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn====
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-12T05:40:52Z

JDDJS: /* Criticism */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.5 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a victim's rights organization, they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an ex-priest who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

===Criticism===

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

====Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn====
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-12T05:40:22Z

JDDJS: /* Release */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.5 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a victim's rights organization, they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an ex-priest who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

==Criticism==

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

===Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn===
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-12T05:40:22Z

JDDJS: /* Release */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.5 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a victim's rights organization, they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an ex-priest who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

==Criticism==

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

===Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn===
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Spotlight (Film)

2016-01-12T05:40:22Z

JDDJS: /* Release */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Spotlight
| image = Spotlight (film) poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Blye Faust
* [[Steve Golin]]
* Nicole Rocklin
* Michael Sugar
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Tom McCarthy
* [[Josh Singer]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Ruffalo]]
* [[Michael Keaton]]
* [[Rachel McAdams]]
* [[Liev Schreiber]]
* [[John Slattery]]
* [[Stanley Tucci]]
}}
| music = [[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography = [[Masanobu Takayanagi]]
| editing = Tom McArdle
| production companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anonymous Content]]
* [[First Look Media]]
* [[Participant Media]]
* Rocklin/Faust
}}
| distributor = [[Open Road Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2015|09|03|[[72nd Venice International Film Festival|Venice]]|2015|11|06|United States}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/spotlight-film | title=''SPOTLIGHT'' (15) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=October 27, 2015 | accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $20 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vulture.com/2015/11/tom-mccarthy-on-spotlight-oscars.html |title= Watching the Watchers: Tom McCarthy on Making Spotlight |website=Vulture.com|accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $28.5 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spotlight.htm |title=Spotlight (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 11, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Spotlight''''' is a 2015 American [[biographical film|biographical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Tom McCarthy (director)|Tom McCarthy]] and written by McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-talks-724270 |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton in Talks for Catholic Priest Sex Abuse Scandal Film |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Tatiana |last=Siegel |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="participantmedia">{{cite web|url=http://3blmedia.com/News/Participant-Medias-Spotlight-Starring-Mark-Ruffalo-Michael-Keaton-Rachel-Mcadams-Liev-Schreiber |title=Participant Media’s “Spotlight” Starring Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel Mcadams, Liev Schreiber And Stanley Tucci Goes To Camera In Boston Before Lensing In Toronto |publisher=''3BL Media'' |date=September 25, 2014 |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> The film follows ''[[The Boston Globe]]''{{`s}} "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative unit in the United States<ref name=spotlight>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=A distinguished history of digging up the truth|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2012/06/22/distinguished-history-digging-truth/koYXOjPVD3CfTuRBtp0ZnM/story.html|accessdate=February 27, 2015|work=Boston Globe|date=June 22, 2012}}</ref> and its investigation into the widespread [[Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|child sex abuse cases in the Boston area]]. It is based on a series of stories by the real Spotlight Team that earned ''The Globe'' the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2003-Public-Service |title=The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation |publisher=Pulitzer.org |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref> The film stars [[Mark Ruffalo]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[John Slattery]], [[Stanley Tucci]], [[Brian d'Arcy James]], [[Liev Schreiber]], and [[Billy Crudup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/mark-ruffalo-michael-keaton-stanley-tucci-in-talks-to-star-in-catholic-church-sex-scandal-drama-exclusive/ |title=Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams in Talks to Star in Catholic Church Sex Scandal Drama (Exclusive) |publisher=''TheWrap'' |date=August 8, 2014 |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

''Spotlight'' was shown in the Out of Competition section of the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name=Bostonglobe>{{cite news | work = Boston Globe | url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2015/09/03/spotlight-premieres-venice/E3xDWEpw1jChlUKgNHHiWO/story.html | accessdate = November 7, 2015 | title = ‘Spotlight’ gets glittering debut in Venice | date = September 3, 2015 | last = Shanahan | first = Mark }}</ref> It was shown as well as at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and the Special Presentations section of the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="ScreenDaily">{{cite web |url=http://www.screendaily.com/toronto-world-premieres-for-trumbo-demolition-the-program/5090990.article?blocktitle=LATEST-FILM-NEWS&contentID=40562# |title=Toronto to open with 'Demolition'; world premieres for 'Trumbo', 'The Program' |date=July 28, 2015 |accessdate=July 28, 2015 |work=ScreenDaily}}</ref> The film was released on November 6, 2015, by [[Open Road Films]]. It won numerous guilds and critics' association awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications.

==Plot==
In 2001, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' hires a new editor, [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]] ([[Liev Schreiber]]). Meeting with [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]] ([[Michael Keaton]]), Baron discovers that Robinson heads the "Spotlight" team, a small group of journalists whose articles are investigative in nature, but can take up to a year to publish. When Baron reads a small column in the paper about pedophile priest [[John Geoghan]] and a lawyer who says that [[Bernard Law|Cardinal Law]], the [[Archbishop of Boston]], knew about it and did nothing to stop him, Baron urges the Spotlight Team to chase the story.

Initially believing that they are following the story of one priest who was moved around several times, the Spotlight Team begins to uncover a pattern of [[sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston|sexual abuse of children by Roman Catholic priests in Massachusetts]] and an ongoing cover-up by the Boston Archdiocese. Through a man who heads a victim's rights organization, they widen their search to 13 priests. They learn through an ex-priest who worked trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests that there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston and, through their research, develop a list of 87 names and begin finding the victims to back up their suspicions. When the [[September 11 attacks]] occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story, which regains momentum when, through a legal loophole, [[Michael Rezendes]] ([[Mark Ruffalo]]) discovers publicly available documents that confirm that [[Bernard Francis Law|Cardinal Law]] was aware of the problem and ignored it.

After ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' wins a case to have even more legal documents unsealed, the Spotlight Team finally begin to write the first of their stories, planning to publish their findings in early 2002.

As they are about to go to print, Robinson confesses to the team that he was sent, and published, a list of 20 pedophile priests in 1993 in a story he never followed up on. Baron, nevertheless, tells Robinson and the team that the work they are doing is important. The story goes to print with a link leading to the documents and a request for victims of pedophile priests to come forward. The following morning, the Spotlight Team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}
'''The Spotlight Team'''
* [[Mark Ruffalo]] as [[Michael Rezendes]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/15/mark-ruffalo-visits-globe-seth-macfarlane-checks-out-improv-asylum/ngTrZ2cqwVFWfgVlhjCZgN/story.html |title=Mark Ruffalo visits the Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 16, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/10/report-globe-spotlight-movie-gets-cast/MtSpPdTpigOyHERKYr0zFL/story.html#comments |title=Report: Globe Spotlight movie gets a cast |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 11, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Michael Keaton]] as [[Walter V. Robinson|Walter "Robby" Robinson]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billy-crudup-talks-catholic-church-728613 |title=Billy Crudup in Talks for Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandal Film 'Spotlight' (Exclusive) |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=August 27, 2014 |first1=Tatiana |last1=Siegel |first2=Borys |last2=Kit |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Rachel McAdams]] as [[Sacha Pfeiffer]]<ref name="ruffaloglobe"/>
* [[Liev Schreiber]] as [[Martin Baron|Marty Baron]]<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* [[John Slattery]] as [[Ben Bradlee Jr.]]<ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] as Matt Carroll<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwmovies/article/Brian-dArcy-James-Joins-Boston-Priest-Pedophile-Drama-SPOTLIGHT-20140912?PageSpeed=noscript |title=Brian d'Arcy James Joins Boston Priest Pedophile Drama SPOTLIGHT |publisher=Broadway World |date=September 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

'''Additional Characters'''
* [[Stanley Tucci]] as Mitchell Garabedian, attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/>
* Gene Amoroso as [[Stephen Kurkjian]], ''Boston Globe'' general investigative reporter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/26/spotlight-actors-spotted-fenway-park/Kj3NiJ8mPdwr5uYSJ4PZpN/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ Actors Spotted at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Jamey Sheridan]] as Jim Sullivan, an attorney representing the Church<ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25"/><ref name="participantmedia"/>
* [[Billy Crudup]] as Eric MacLeish, an attorney<ref name="hollywoodreporter08-27"/><ref name="hollywoodreporter09-25">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-slattery-homeland-alum-join-735782 |title=John Slattery, 'Homeland' Alum Join Catholic Sex Abuse Film 'Spotlight' |publisher=''The Hollywood Reporter'' |date=September 25, 2014 |first=Austin |last=Siegemund-Broka |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Maureen Keiller as [[Eileen McNamara]], ''Boston Globe'' columnist<ref name="filmingtheglobe">{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/28/spotlight-films-the-boston-globe/tpRmmpfsWRrH3uY1p3hEKK/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ films at The Boston Globe |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 29, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Richard Jenkins]] as [[Richard Sipe]], psychotherapist (telephone voice, uncredited)
* [[Paul Guilfoyle]] as Peter Conley
* [[Len Cariou]] as Cardinal [[Bernard Francis Law|Bernard Law]]
* [[Neal Huff]] as Phil Saviano
* [[Michael Cyril Creighton]] as Joe Crowley
* [[Laurie Heineman]] as Judge Constance Sweeney
{{col-end}}

==Production==
{{Expand section|overview|date=December 2015}}
===Development===
McCarthy and Singer completed the script in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/08/18/spotlight-script-tells-story-globe-series/qzgm5dd7ztbZdMjT146VSI/story.html |title=‘Spotlight’ script tells the story of Globe series |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=August 19, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 27, 2014}}</ref> It was listed on the 2013 [[Black List (survey)|Black List]] of unproduced screenplays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2013/12/2013-black-list-best-screenplays-full-list-653017/ |title=Black List 2013: Full Screenplay List |publisher=Deadline.com |date=December 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on September 24, 2014, in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/entertainment/2014/09/24/globe-spotlight-movie-hold-open-casting-call/AaOtsFA84me850w191FG6I/story.html?rss_id=Top+Stories |title=Globe ‘Spotlight’ Movie Holding Open Casting Call |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 24, 2014 |first=Matt |last=Juul |accessdate=September 25, 2014}}</ref> and continued in October in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. Filming took place at [[Fenway Park]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/25/spotlight-about-globe-coverage-church-scandal-begins-filming-with-scene-fenway/QTRGxrrFE1uoApUtznwroJ/story.html |title='Spotlight' filming at Fenway Park |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 26, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' offices in [[Dorchester, Boston]],<ref name="filmingtheglobe"/> the [[Boston Public Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2014/09/29/namesspotlight/dZj79qpRegZykaoxGxKzuJ/story.html |title=Rachel McAdams reporting for duty |publisher=''The Boston Globe'' |date=September 30, 2014 |first1=Mark |last1=Shanahan |first2=Meredith |last2=Goldstein |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> and [[McMaster University]] in Hamilton, Ontario.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/ruffalo-tucci-hamilton-spotlight-shoot/ |title=Ruffalo, Tucci in Hamilton for Spotlight shoot |publisher=CHCH News |date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref>

==Release==
The film "premiered to sustained applause" at the Venice Film Festival and the audience "erupted in laughter" when the film reported that following the events in the film Cardinal Bernard Law was reassigned to a senior position of honor in Rome.<ref name=Bostonglobe/> It had a limited release on November 6, 2015, with its nationwide release scheduled for three weeks later on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony D'Alessandro |url=http://deadline.com/2015/06/michael-keaton-mark-ruffalo-spotlight-open-road-release-date-1201440774/ |title=Michael Keaton Mark Ruffalo Boston Globe Film ‘Spotlight’ Opens Nov. 6 |publisher=Deadline |date= |accessdate=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the opening weekend of its limited release, the film grossed $295,009 from five theaters ($59,002 average), one of the highest per-screen averages of any release of 2015.<ref name="deadline">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/spectre-the-peanuts-movie-james-bond-box-office-1201610575/||title=‘Spectre’ $70.4M Opening: Still 2nd Highest 007 Debut Behind ‘Skyfall’, But Not That Far From ‘Quantum Of Solace’ – Monday AM|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=November 9, 2015|accessdate=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The film grossed $4.5 million in the first weekend during its wide release, finishing 8th at the box office.<ref name="Opener">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/11/thanksgiving-box-office-hunger-games-mockingjay-creed-the-good-dinosaur-1201639941/ |title=Katniss On Track For $78M-80M 5-Day; ‘Good Dinosaur’ Eyes $58M-$62M; ‘Creed’ Punching $39M-$42M |author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|accessdate=November 29, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical===
On the review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film holds a rating of 97%, based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "''Spotlight'' gracefully handles the lurid details of its fact-based story while resisting the temptation to lionize its heroes, resulting in a drama that honors the audience as well as its real-life subjects."<ref name=RT>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/untitled_boston_globe_project/ |title= Spotlight (2015) |publisher= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |accessdate= December 29, 2015}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."<ref name=met>{{cite web |title = Spotlight reviews |url =http://www.metacritic.com/movie/spotlight|work = [[Metacritic]] |accessdate = November 25, 2015}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Justin Chang called the film "a superbly controlled and engrossingly detailed account of the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the widespread pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church".<ref>{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Justin|title=Venice Film Review: "Spotlight"|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/reviews/spotlight-review-michael-keaton-tom-mccarthy-venice-film-festival-1201580933/|accessdate=September 3, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 3, 2015}}</ref>

At the [[2015 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Spotlight'' finished third in the audience balloting for the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{cite press release |date=September 20, 2015 |accessdate=September 21, 2015 |title=Toronto International Film Festival Announces 2015 Award Winners |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/presscontent.tiff.net/docs/48vk20_Festival_Awards_2015__8877337_1442771061.pdf |publisher=TIFF |quote=The second runner up is '''Tom McCarthy''''s '''''Spotlight'''''.}}</ref>

===Reactions from the Catholic Church===

Cardinal [[Seán Patrick O'Malley|Sean O'Malley]] of the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] said ''Spotlight'' illustrates how the newspaper's reports prompted the church "to deal with what was shameful and hidden."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wangsness|first=Lisa|title='Spotlight' shows how church was impelled to act, O'Malley says|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/29/cardinal-malley-says-spotlight-movie-shows-how-church-was-impelled-deal-with-clergy-abuse/Efc7oCeEq6m2JCRKs376NL/story.html|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=[[Boston Globe]]|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> [[Vatican Radio]], official radio service of the [[Holy See]], called it "honest" and "compelling" and said it helped the U.S. Catholic Church "to accept fully the sin, to admit it publicly, and to pay all the consequences."<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen Jr.|first=John|title=Vatican Radio praises movie on Boston Globe coverage of clergy abuse|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/life/2015/10/23/vatican-radio-praises-movie-on-boston-globe-coverage-of-clergy-abuse/|accessdate=November 3, 2015|work=Crux |date=October 23, 2015}}</ref> Luca Pellegrini on the Vatican Radio website wrote that the ''Globe'' reporters "made themselves examples of their most pure vocation, that of finding the facts, verifying sources, and making themselves—for the good of the community and of a city—paladins of the need for justice."<ref>{{cite news|accessdate= December 1, 2015|date= September 4, 2015| title=A Venezia il film sulla pedofilia nella diocesi di Boston|language=it| url= http://it.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/09/04/venezia_lo_scandalo_della_pedofilia_nella_diocesi_di_boston/1169430|first=Luca|last=Pellegrini}}</ref>

==Criticism==

A January 8, 2016 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' cited a detractor of the film who said that ''Spotlight'' "is a misrepresentation of how the Church dealt with sexual abuse cases," asserting that the movie's biggest flaw was its failure to portray psychologists who had assured Church officials that abusive priests could be safely returned to ministry after undergoing therapy treatments. Open Road Films rebutted the detractor, saying he was "perpetuating a myth in order to distract from real stories of abuse."<ref>{{cite news|last=Cieply|first=Michael|title=Before the Oscars, Some Films Face the Truth Test|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/movies/before-the-oscars-some-films-face-the-truth-test.html?_r=0|accessdate=January 9, 2016|work=New York Times|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref>

===Controversy over portrayal of Jack Dunn===
The film was attacked by Jack Dunn (played by Gary Galone in the film), a member of the board at [[Boston College High School]], and its public relations head, for portraying him as indifferent to the scandal. After viewing the film, Dunn says he actually was immediately aware of the issues involved and worked to respond. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://aleteia.org/2015/11/27/spotlight-reveals-sexual-abuse-but-misrepresents-a-good-man/ |title='Spotlight' Reveals Sexual Abuse, But Misrepresents a Good Man |first= Tim |last= Muldoon |work=Aleteia |date= November 27, 2015|accessdate=November 30, 2015}} Dunn was also the head of public relations for [[Boston College]]. </ref> Two of the ''Globe'' reporters depicted in the film, Walter Robinson and Sacha Pfeiffer, issued a statement in response to Dunn, firmly standing by their recollections of the day, saying Dunn did "his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day.” They said Dunn mounted a "spirited public relations defense of [[Boston College High School]] during our first sit-down interview at the school in early 2002", the lone scene in which Dunn is depicted in the film.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Encarnacao|first1=Jack|title=Globe reporters defend portrayal of Jack Dunn in movie|url =http://www.bostonherald.com/entertainment/movies/2015/11/globe_reporters_defend_portrayal_of_jack_dunn_in_movie| accessdate=November 30, 2015|work=Boston Herald|date=November 26, 2015 | quote= "The scene depicts a fairly common exchange involving reporters who have unpleasant questions to ask and a skilled public relations person doing his best to frame a story in the most favorable way possible for the institution he is representing. That’s what Jack did that day."}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{main|List of accolades received by Spotlight (film)}}
''Spotlight'' has been critically acclaimed, and has been included in many critics' Top Ten Films of 2015 lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref> The film has received over 100 industry and critics awards and nominations. The [[American Film Institute]] selected ''Spotlight'' as one of the [[American Film Institute Awards 2015#Movies of the Year|Top Ten Films]] of the year.<ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://blog.afi.com/here-are-the-afi-awards-2015-official-selections/|title=Here Are the AFI AWARDS 2015 Official Selections|publisher=American Film Institute|date=December 16, 2015|accessdate=December 16, 2015}}</ref> The film garnered three [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for McCarthy, and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for McCarthy and [[Josh Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/golden-globe-nominations-complete-list-847494/item/best-motion-picture-drama-golden-847480|title=Golden Globe Nominations: The Complete List|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 10, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref> It was nominated for five [[Independent Spirit Awards]], including [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Film|Best Feature]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Singer, [[Independent Spirit Award|Best Editing]] for Tom McArdle and Honorary [[Robert Altman Award]] for the cast.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carol,' 'Spotlight,' 'Beasts of No Nation' Lead Spirit Awards Nominations|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/spirit-awards-nominees-2016-carol-1201647728/|work=Variety|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=November 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Rachel McAdams]] and the ensemble cast received [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/sag-award-nominations-2016-nominees-full-list-1201657169/|title=SAG Awards Nominations: Complete List|work=Variety|date=December 9, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}</ref>

The [[New York Film Critics Circle]] awarded [[Michael Keaton]] [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/12/02/carol-takes-top-honors-at-new-york-film-critics-awards/|title='Carol' Takes Top Honors at New York Film Critics Awards|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=December 2, 2015|accessdate=December 4, 2015}}</ref> while it won the [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Picture]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Director]], [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Screenplay]] and [[New York Film Critics Online Awards#2015|Best Ensemble cast]] at [[New York Film Critics Online Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/new-york-film-critics-online-winners-list-spotlight-1201655190/|title=New York Film Critics Online Name ‘Spotlight’ Best Film of the Year|work=Variety|date=December 6, 2015|accessdate=December 8, 2015}}</ref> ''Spotlight'' won the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] from [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]]. It received eight nominations from the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association]], including [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Picture|Best Film]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]], [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] and [[Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer|Best Score]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/awards/critics-choice-award-nominations-2016-1201660217/|title=Critics' Choice Award Nominations Led by 'Mad Max,' 'Fargo'|work= Variety|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 14, 2015}}</ref> It won the [[Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture|Best Cast in a Motion Picture]] at [[Satellite Awards]] and was nominated for six other awards including [[Satellite Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Satellite Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], [[Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actress]]
and [[Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/award_cat/current-nominees/|title=2015 nominees|publisher=[[International Press Academy]]|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Critics' top ten lists===

''Spotlight'' was listed on many critics' top ten lists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critics-list-the-top-10-movies-of-2015|title=Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists|website=Metacritic|accessdate=December 15, 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col||20em}}
* 1st - Bill Goodykoontz, ''[[Arizona Republic]]''
* 1st - [[Christopher Orr (film critic)|Christopher Orr]], ''[[The Atlantic]]''
* 1st - Chris Nashawaty, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''
* 1st - Kate Erbland, ''[[Indiewire]]''
* 1st - [[Peter Travers]], ''[[Rolling Stone]]''
* 1st - [[Kiko Martinez]], ''[[San Antonio Current]]''
* 1st - [[Stephanie Zacharek]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
* 1st - Ann Hornaday, ''[[Washington Post]]''
* 1st - ''[[Yahoo Movies]]''
* 1st - [[Rex Reed]], ''[[New York Observer]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/12/rex-reed-the-best-films-of-2015/ |title=Rex Reed: The 10 Best Films of 2015 |publisher=''New York Observer'' |date=December 23, 2015 |accessdate=December 25, 2015 }}</ref>
* 2nd - Alynda Wheat, [[People (magazine)|People]]''
* 2nd - ''[[TV Guide]]''
* 3rd - [[A. O. Scott]], ''[[The New York Times]]''
* 3rd - [[Stephen Holden]], ''The New York Times''
* 3rd - [[Jeff Baker]], ''[[The Oregonian]]''
* 3rd - Richard Lawson, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''
* 3rd - Inkoo Kang, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* 4th - Liz Shannon Miller, ''Indiewire''
* 7th - ''[[Film Comment]]'' (critics' poll)
* 6th - Joshua Rothkopf, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]''
* 6th - [[David Edelstein ]], ''[[Vulture (comics)|Vulture]]''
* 7th - Nick Schager, ''[[Village Voice]]''
* 8th - ''[[The Playlist]]''
* 8th - [[John Powers]], ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''
* 7th - Sam Weisberg, ''Village Voice''
* 9th - [[Ben Travers]], ''Indiewire''
* 9th - Alonso Duralde, ''[[TheWrap]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Dana Harris , ''Indiewire''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Kenneth Turan]], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[American Film Institute]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Steven Rea ]], ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – [[Dana Stevens (critic)|Dana Stevens]], ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''
* Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – ''[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|National Board of Review]]''
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://spotlightthefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1895587|Spotlight}}
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spotlight_2015/?search=spotlight ''Spotlight''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse "The story behind the 'Spotlight' movie"] from ''The Boston Globe''
* [http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/spotlight/ ''Spotlight''] at History vs. Hollywood
* [http://www.themediareport.com/2015/11/30/spotlight-movie-review/ Criticism of ''Spotlight'']

{{Thomas McCarthy}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Cast – Motion Picture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spotlight}}
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:2010s drama films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in fiction]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about child abuse]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thomas McCarthy]]
[[Category:Films produced by Steve Golin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]
[[Category:Films set in 2002]]
[[Category:Films set in Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Films shot in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases]]
[[Category:Films critical of Roman Catholicism and Catholics]]
[[Category:Open Road Films films]]

Die Schöne und das Biest (2017)

2015-12-28T02:13:43Z

JDDJS: /* Cast */

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Beauty and the Beast
| image =| alt =
| caption =
| image_size = 270px
| director = [[Bill Condon]]
| producers = [[Don Hahn]] [[David Hoberman]] [[Todd Lieberman]]
| screenplay = [[Stephen Chbosky]]
| story = [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]]
| based on = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]]'s ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' by [[Linda Woolverton]] ''[[Beauty and the Beast]]'' by [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]
| starring = [[Emma Watson]] [[Dan Stevens]] [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]] [[Emma Thompson]] [[Kevin Kline]] [[Ian McKellen]] [[Ewan McGregor]] [[Josh Gad]] [[Audra McDonald]] [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] [[Stanley Tucci]]
| music = [[Alan Menken]]
| cinematography = [[Tobias A. Schliessler]]
| editing = Virginia Katz
| studio = [[Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Mandeville Films]]
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{film date |2017|3|17|US}}
| runtime =
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross = 
}}

'''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is an upcoming 2017 American [[romance film|romantic]] [[musical film|musical]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Bill Condon]] and written by [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] and [[Stephen Chbosky]], based on the fairy tale [[Beauty and the Beast|of the same name]] by [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]] and the [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|1991 Disney animated musical film]]. The film stars an [[ensemble cast]] that includes [[Emma Watson]], [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Kevin Kline]], [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] and [[Stanley Tucci]]. [[Principal photography]] began at [[Shepperton Studios]] in [[Surrey]] on May 18, 2015. Filming ended on August 21, 2015. The film is to be released on March 17, 2017, in 3D.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Ian|last2=Acuna|first2=Kristin|url=http://www.techinsider.io/disney-movies-until-2019-2015-8|title=Disney announced all its movies coming in the next 4 years — here's what you have to look forward to|publisher=[[Tech Insider]]|date=October 27, 2015|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Emma Watson]] as [[Belle (Disney)|Belle]]<ref name="WatsonCast" />
*[[Dan Stevens]] as [[Beast (Disney)|The Beast]]<ref name="StevensCast" />
*[[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Gaston|Gaston]]<ref name="EvansCast" />
*[[Ewan McGregor]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Lumière|Lumière]]<ref name="McGregorCast" />
*[[Ian McKellen]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Cogsworth|Cogsworth]]<ref name="McKellenCast" />
*[[Emma Thompson]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Mrs. Potts|Mrs. Potts]]<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline" />
*[[Kevin Kline]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Maurice|Maurice]]<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline" />
*[[Josh Gad]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Le Fou|LeFou]]<ref name="GadCast" />
*[[Stanley Tucci]] as Cadenza<ref name="TucciCast" />
*[[Audra McDonald]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#The Wardrobe|Garderobe]]<ref name="McDonaldCast" />
*[[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] as [[Characters in Disney's Beauty and the Beast#Babette|Plumette]]<ref name="RawCast" />

==Production==

===Development===
Previously in 2009, Disney began developing a film adaptation of the [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|1994 Broadway musical]].<ref>Marmiroli, Adriana.[http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/spettacoli/200906articoli/44340girata.asp "Alan Menken Adesso musical anche in Italia"]''La Stampa'', June 5, 2009 (in Italian)</ref><ref>Hill, Jim.[http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/jim_hilll/archive/2009/07/01/hollywood-bets-big-on-beast-considers-remake-of-my-fair-lady.aspx "Hollywood bets big on 'Beast,' considers remake of 'My Fair Lady'"] jimhillmedia.com (blog), July 1, 2009</ref> However, in a Den of Geek interview, composer [[Alan Menken]] stated the planned film version of the ''Beauty and the Beast'' stage musical "was canned."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/725326/alan_menken_interview_tangled_movie_scores_musicals_enchanted_2_snow_queen_and_more.html | author=Brew, Simon | title=Alan Menken interview: Tangled, movie scores, musicals, Enchanted 2, Snow Queen and more | accessdate=January 22, 2011 | date=January 11, 2011 | publisher=denofgeek.com}}</ref>

In April 2014, it was reported that Disney began developing a new live-action version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' after making other live-action fantasy films such as ''[[Maleficent (film)|Maleficent]]'', ''[[Cinderella (2015 Disney film)|Cinderella]]'', and ''[[The Jungle Book (2016 film)|The Jungle Book]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chitwood|first1=Adam|title=Rumor: Could Bill Condon Direct Disney’s Live-Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST?|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-bill-condon/|accessdate=May 20, 2015|publisher=[[Collider.com]]|date=April 11, 2014}}</ref> On June 4, 2014, [[Bill Condon]] signed on to direct the remake of ''Beauty and the Beast'' for [[Walt Disney Pictures]] with [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Film for Disney|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/|accessdate=January 27, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 4, 2014}}</ref> Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but he also planned to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> In September 2014, it was announced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') will re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast/ |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=ew.com |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] will return to score the film's music, with songs from the original film and new material written by Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=May 28, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In June 2015, Menken said the film will not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015}}</ref>

[[Paige O'Hara]], who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered to help Watson with her singing lessons.<ref>http://watsonuncensored.blogspot.com/2015/02/paige-ohara-wants-to-teach-emma-watson.html</ref>

===Casting===
On January 26, 2015, [[Emma Watson]] announced that she would be starring as [[Belle (Disney)|Belle]], the female and princess lead.<ref name=WatsonCast>{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Erik|title=Emma Watson Cast in Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/emma-watson-cast-disneys-live-767095|accessdate=January 27, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 26, 2015}}</ref> On March 4, 2015, [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]] and [[Dan Stevens]] were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney’s ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/|accessdate=March 9, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 9, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref> and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through [[Twitter|tweets]].<ref name=EvansCast>{{cite web|title=Luke Evans cast in Beauty and the Beast|url=https://twitter.com/EmWatson/status/573430507633000448|publisher=[[Twitter]]|accessdate=March 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name=StevensCast>{{cite web|title=Dan Stevens cast in Beauty and the Beast|url=https://twitter.com/EmWatson/status/573425651149094912|publisher=[[Twitter]]|accessdate=March 9, 2015}}</ref> [[Josh Gad]] was added to the cast on March 13, 2015 to play Gaston's sidekick, LeFou.<ref name=GadCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061|accessdate=March 15, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 13, 2015}}</ref> [[Emma Thompson]] joined the cast on March 16, 2015 to play Mrs. Potts and [[Kevin Kline]] was announced to play Belle's father, Maurice.<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline" /> [[Audra McDonald]] was cast as Garderobe, the wardrobe, on March 27, 2015.<ref name=McDonaldCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Audra McDonald Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/audra-mcdonald-joining-disneys-live-784159|accessdate=April 16, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 27, 2015}}</ref> [[Ian McKellen]] was cast on April 10, 2015 as Cogsworth, the Beast's loyal butler, who was cursed into a clock.<ref name=McKellenCast>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney’s ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-beast-ian-mckellen-cogsworth-1201464763/|accessdate=April 11, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 10, 2015}}</ref> On April 13, 2015, [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] was set to play Plumette, the feather duster.<ref name=RawCast>{{cite news|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|title=‘Beyond the Lights’ Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581/|accessdate=April 14, 2015|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=April 13, 2015}}</ref> On April 21, it was announced that [[Ewan McGregor]] had joined the cast as Lumière, the candelabra,<ref name=McGregorCast>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480|accessdate=May 19, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=April 21, 2015}}</ref> and later that same day, that [[Stanley Tucci]] would be playing Cadenza, a grand piano, an original character created for the film.<ref name=TucciCast>{{cite web|last1=Kroll|first1=Justin|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of ‘Beauty and the Beast’ (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=May 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://decoy.tvpassport.com/q_a/q-january-i-read-emma-watson-was-star-disneys-live-action-beauty-and-beast-film-and-production-w?subid=national-00001|title=Q & A|last=Thomlison|first=Adam|publisher=TV Media|accessdate=August 3, 2015}}</ref>

[[Susan Egan]], who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as "perfect".<ref>http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Original-Broadway-Belle-Susan-Egan-Comments-on-Emma-Watson-in-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-20150126</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] on the film began at [[Shepperton Studios]] in [[London]] on May 18, 2015.<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Foutch|first1=Haleigh|title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on Allegiant and Disney’s Beauty and the Beast|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/|accessdate=May 19, 2015|work=collider.com|date=March 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=On the Set for 5/18/15: Emma Watson Starts ‘Beauty and the Beast’, Oliver Stone Wraps ‘Snowden’, Melissa Mccarthy Finishes ‘Michelle Darnell’ & More|url=http://www.ssninsider.com/on-the-set-for-51815-emma-watson-starts-beauty-and-the-beast-oliver-stone-wraps-snowden-melissa-mccarthy-finishes-michelle-darnell-more/|accessdate=May 18, 2015|publisher=SSN Insider|date=May 18, 2015}}</ref> Principal actors concluded filming on August 21, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Emma Watson Wraps ‘Beauty and the Beast’ on ‘Harry Potter’ Anniversary|url=http://collider.com/emma-watson-wraps-beauty-and-the-beast-on-harry-potter-anniversary/|accessdate=August 23, 2015|publisher=Collider|date=August 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Twitter Watch: Emma Watson & Luke Evans Wrap Filming on BEAUTY AND THE BEAST|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Twitter-Watch-Emma-Watson-Luke-Evans-Wrap-Filming-on-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-20150824|accessdate=August 27, 2015|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> Six days later, co-producer [[Jack Morrissey]] confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production.<ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=August 27, 2015|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015}}</ref>

==Release==
On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released in 3D on March 17, 2017.<ref name="ReleaseThompsonKline">{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Rebecca|title=Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Gets Release Date|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disneys-live-action-beauty-beast-781683|accessdate=March 16, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day [[Disney D23|D23 Expo]] in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Couch|first1=Aaron|last2=Kit|first2=Borys|title=Disney Shows off 'Pirates 5,' 'Beauty and the Beast' at D23|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disney-shows-pirates-5-beauty-815626|accessdate=August 15, 2015|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2771200}}

{{Beauty and the Beast}}
{{Disney Princess}}
{{Bill Condon}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 3D films]]
[[Category:2010s 3D films]]
[[Category:2010s musical films]]
[[Category:2010s romance films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American 3D films]]
[[Category:American fantasy films]]
[[Category:American musical films]]
[[Category:Disney film remakes]]
[[Category:Disney Princess]]
[[Category:Films based on Beauty and the Beast]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bill Condon]]
[[Category:Mandeville Films films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:American romance films]]
[[Category:American children's fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Films set in France]]
[[Category:Romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films based on fairy tales]]
[[Category:Screenplays by Stephen Chbosky]]
[[Category:Films produced by Don Hahn]]
[[Category:Films based on multiple works]]
[[Category:Films with live action and animation]]

Kirk Cousins

2015-12-27T02:09:55Z

JDDJS: /* 2012 season */

{{Infobox NFL player
| name = Kirk Cousins
| image = Kirk Cousins 2015.jpg
| caption = Cousins with the Washington Redskins in 2015
| currentteam = Washington Redskins
| number = 8
| position = [[Quarterback]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|8|19}}
| birth_place = [[Barrington, Illinois]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 3
| weight_lbs = 202
| highschool = [[Holland Christian High School|Holland (MI) Christian]]
| college = [[Michigan State Spartans football|Michigan State]]
| draftyear = 2012
| draftround = 4
| draftpick = 102
| pastteams =
*[[Washington Redskins]] ({{NFL Year|2012}}–present)
| status = Active
| highlights =
* 65th [[List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a perfect passer rating|"Perfect Game"]] in NFL history (November 15, 2015)
* [[Washington Redskins]] franchise record for most completions in a game (33, 2015)
*2x NFC Offensive Player of the Week (Week 7 & 10, 2015)
* NFL Pepsi Rookie of the Week (Week 15, 2012)
* Fedex Clutch Player of the Week (Week 14, 2012)
|statseason=2015
|statweek=15
|statlabel1=Passing attempts
|statvalue1=889
|statlabel2=Passing completions
|statvalue2=576
|statlabel3=Percentage
|statvalue3=64.8
|statlabel4=[[Touchdowns|TD]]–[[Interceptions|INT]]
|statvalue4=40–30
|statlabel5=Passing yards
|statvalue5=6,655
|statlabel6=[[Passer rating]]
|statvalue6=88.2
|nflnew = kirkcousins/2532820
}}

'''Kirk Daniel Cousins''' (born August 19, 1988) is an [[American football]] [[quarterback]] for the [[Washington Redskins]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] at [[Michigan State Spartans football|Michigan State]], where he was the Spartans' starter from 2009 to 2011. He was drafted by the Redskins in the fourth round of the [[2012 NFL Draft]].

==Early life==
Cousins is the son of Don Cousins, the senior pastor at Discovery Church in [[Orlando, Florida]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discoverychurch.org/AboutUs/staffmember.aspx?id=7|title=Don Cousins|publisher=Discovery Church|accessdate=2013-11-21}}</ref> and Maryann Cousins. He is the second of three children. Cousins attended [[Holland Christian High School]] in [[Holland, Michigan]], where he starred in football, baseball (as a pitcher), and basketball. He broke his ankle in his junior year and was forced to attend camps in order to make an impression with recruiting colleges.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.cbn.com/media/player/index.aspx?s=/mp4/SB133v3_WS|title = Rookie on the Field, Veteran in the Faith|publisher = Cbn.com|accessdate = 2012-08-19}}</ref> He was about to sign with [[Toledo Rockets football|Toledo]] or [[Western Michigan Broncos football|Western Michigan]] when [[Mark Dantonio]] became the head coach at [[Michigan State Spartans football|Michigan State]]. After Dantonio failed to sign his top targets at quarterback, he offered a scholarship to Cousins in January 2007, and he accepted. He also participated in [[Athletes in Action]] [[sports ministry]]. Cousins majored in [[kinesiology]] throughout his college career.

Cousins finished his high school football career with 3,204 passing yards, 40 touchdowns, and 18 interceptions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Staples |first=Andy |date=October 21, 2011|title=Michigan State's Kirk Cousins beat odds to become face of Big Ten |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/andy_staples/10/21/kirk-cousins-michigan-state/?xid=cnnbin |work=[[Sports Illustrated]] |accessdate=2011-10-14}}</ref>

{{College Athlete Recruit Start|40=yes|collapse=no|year=2008}}
{{College Athlete Recruit Entry
| recruit = Kirk Cousins
| position = [[Quarterback|QB]]
| hometown = Holland, MI
| highschool = [[Holland Christian High School|Holland Christian HS]]
| feet = 6
| inches = 3
| weight = 205
| 40 = 4.80
| commitdate = January 19, 2007
| scout stars = 2
| rivals stars = 3
}}
{{College Athlete Recruit End
| 40 = yes
| year = 2007
| rivals ref title = 2007 Michigan State Football Commitment List (23)
| scout ref title = Michigan State College Football Recruiting Commits
| scouts =
| scout overall = – ([[Quarterback|QB]])
| rivals overall = – (QB), 27 ([[Michigan|MI]])
| accessdate = 2011-10-07
}}

==College career==
In 2007, newly hired Michigan State head coach [[Mark Dantonio]] recruited Cousins to play for the Spartans. Cousins was [[Redshirt (college sports)|redshirted]] for the 2007 season. In 2008, he spent the season as the back up quarterback to [[Brian Hoyer]]. He played in five games passing for a total of 310 yards and two touchdowns and one interception. In 2009, he competed for and won the starting quarterback job against teammate [[Keith Nichol]]. He led Michigan State to a 6–7 (4-4) season with 19 touchdowns, 9 interceptions and 2,680 passing yards in 12 games. In 2010, he led Michigan State to an 11–2 (7-1) record and a share of the Big Ten Championship. In 2011 his Michigan State Spartans went 11-3 (7-2) and played in the first ever [[Big Ten]] championship game. Cousins was named Second Team All-Big Ten by the coaches, and played his final game as a Michigan State Spartan on January 2, 2012 defeating the [[Georgia Bulldogs]] in the [[Outback Bowl]]. His teams posted an undefeated 4-0 record against in-state rival [[Michigan Wolverines]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Complete All-Big Ten football teams |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20111129/SPORTS08/111129050/Complete-All-Big-Ten-football-teams?odyssey=mod%7Cnewswell%7Ctext%7CSports%7Cs |date=November 29, 2011 |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |accessdate=November 30, 2011}}</ref> Cousins won the [[List of Senior CLASS Award football winners|2011 Lowes's Senior CLASS Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DU7R8W-IgJQ |title=2011 Lowe's Senior CLASS Award Football Winner - Kirk Cousins |publisher=YouTube |date=2012-01-05 |accessdate=2012-08-19}}</ref>

Kirk Cousins drew praise for a speech he delivered at the Big Ten kickoff lunch on behalf of all Big Ten student-athletes <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp15N9BbYgY |title=Kirk Cousins Kickoff Luncheon Speech |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2012-08-19}}</ref>

==Professional career==

===2012 NFL Combine===
{{NFL predraft
| height ft = 6
| height in = 3
| weight = 214
| dash = 4.93
| ten split =
| twenty split =
| shuttle = 4.50
| cone drill = 7.05
| vertical = 28.5
| broad ft = 9
| broad in = 1
| bench = N/A
| arm span = 31{{fraction|3|4}}
| hand span = 9{{fraction|7|8}}
| note = All values from the [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/combine/profiles/kirk-cousins?id=2532820 |title=NFL Combine Profile |publisher=Nfl.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-19}}</ref>
}}

===2012 season===
[[File:Kirk cousins redskins.jpg|thumbnail|Cousins at Redskins training camp in 2012]]
In the [[2012 NFL Draft]], Cousins was selected by the [[Washington Redskins]] as the seventh choice in the [[2012 NFL Draft#Round 4|fourth]] round, making him the 102nd draft pick overall.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d828b5a10/article/kirk-cousins-washington-redskins-future-backup-qb?module=HP11_headline_stack |title=Kirk Cousins: Washington Redskins' future backup QB |work=nfl.com |date=April 28, 2012 |first=Gregg |last=Rosenthal }}</ref> The pick surprised many analysts, as the Redskins had drafted 2011 [[Heisman Trophy]] winner [[Robert Griffin III]] with the second overall pick to be their franchise quarterback, the Redskins acquired the pick by giving the Rams four high-value draft picks over three years.<ref>[http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-04-28/sports/35453555_1_robert-griffin-iii-nfl-draft-kyle-shanahan NFL Draft 2012: Washington Redskins make surprise move drafting Michigan State QB Kirk Cousins]</ref> Cousins was viewed as an [[insurance policy]] in case Griffin was injured, with Redskins coach [[Mike Shanahan]] saying "You're one or two plays away from being the starter...And if I see that value out there on the third day of the draft, I'm going to take that."<ref>[http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/story/2012-04-28/Mike-Shanahan-Robert-Griffin-III-NFL-draft-Day-3/54611310/ Mike Shanahan: RGIII 'understands,' supports Cousins pick]</ref> The Redskins drafting Griffin and Cousins in the same draft echoed the team's strategy in the [[1994 NFL draft]], when the team drafted [[Heath Shuler]] with the third overall pick and later drafted [[Gus Frerotte]] in the seventh round. Cousins officially signed with the Redskins on May 31, 2012 to a four-year contract.<ref>{{cite web|work=Redskins.com| url=http://www.redskins.com/news-and-events/article-1/Redskins-Sign-Fourth-Round-Pick-Cousins/a7114398-fed9-485d-81b5-266ca3d5f13f| title=Redskins Sign Fourth-Round Pick Cousins|last=Tinsman|first=Brian|date=May 31, 2012|accessdate=2012-05-31}}</ref>

In the second game of the preseason against the [[Chicago Bears]], Cousins threw three touchdown passes in the fourth quarter, though the Bears would go on to win 33-31.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article-1/Offensive-line-takes-step-in-right-direction/e4c60114-944f-4d0e-bca1-871ad7cebc37 |title=Offensive line takes step in right direction |publisher=Chicagobears.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-19}}</ref> In the fourth and final game of preseason against [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]], Cousins completed 15-of-27 passes for 222 yards, the [[Washington Redskins]] had a 30-3 win. He won the backup quarterback job over incumbent starter [[Rex Grossman]].

Cousins made his regular season debut in the third quarter of a Week 5 loss to the [[Atlanta Falcons]] after Griffin suffered a concussion. Cousins threw his first career touchdown pass on a 77-yard pass to [[Santana Moss]], but threw two interceptions in the last two series of the game while trying to tie the game.<ref>{{cite news|work=Redskins.com|last=Tinsman|first=Brian|date=October 7, 2012|accessdate=2012-10-07|url= http://www.redskins.com/news-and-events/article-1/Cousins-I-Tried-To-Do-Too-Much/bd94c3c6-6ffa-4663-aaa5-feb08e1fb8db|title=Cousins: 'I Tried To Do Too Much'}}</ref>

His second NFL appearance came in Week 14 against the [[Baltimore Ravens]]. On the final drive of the game, with the Redskins down 8, Griffin suffered a knee injury. Cousins went 2-2 and finished the drive with an 11-yard touchdown pass to [[Pierre Garçon]] with 29 seconds remaining, to bring the Redskins within 2. On the two-point conversion, Shanahan called for a run/pass option, and Cousins scored on a quarterback draw to tie the game at 28. In overtime, rookie cornerback [[Richard Crawford (American football)|Richard Crawford]] gave the Redskins excellent field position after a 64-yard punt return, setting up a game-winning field goal.<ref>{{cite web|work=Redskins.com|url=http://www.redskins.com/news-and-events/article-1/Monday-Morning-Stats-Pack-Redskins-Ravens/24c2d86d-17d7-486d-b0fb-8166dba7ef27|last=Tinsman|first=Brian|date=December 10, 2012|title=Monday Morning Stats Pack: Redskins-Ravens|accessdate=2012-12-10}}</ref>

The following week, on December 15, 2012, Cousins was announced as the Redskins starter for the Week 15 game against the [[Cleveland Browns]], marking his first career start.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hanzus|first=Dan|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000111489/article/robert-griffin-iii-wont-play-for-redskins-on-sunday|title=RG3 will not start for Washington Redskins on Sunday|publisher=[[National Football League]]|date=2012-12-15|accessdate=2012-12-15}}</ref> After a slow first half, Cousins rallied the offense to a 28-point second act. Cousins finished the day 26-of-37 for 329 yards with 2 touchdown passes, bringing the Washington Redskins a 38-21 win.<ref>{{cite web|last=Withers|first=Tom|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/cousins-leads-redskins-over-browns-211628924--nfl.html|title=Cousins leads Redskins over Browns 38-21|publisher=[[Yahoo.com]]|date=2012-12-16|accessdate=2012-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Redskins|url=http://www.redskins.com/news-and-events/article-1/Victory-Monday-Stats-Pack-Redskins-Browns/29736c66-3a7a-4c40-9be1-303021ec5b55|title=Victory Monday Stats Pack: Redskins-Browns|date=December 17, 2012|accessdate=2012-12-19|last=Tinsman|first=Brian}}</ref> Later that week, Cousins was voted the Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week, becoming the third Redskins rookie to receive the honor that season (after Griffin and [[Alfred Morris (American football)|Alfred Morris]]).<ref>{{cite web|work=Redskins.com|url=http://www.redskins.com/news-and-events/article-1/Cousins-Redskins-Sweep-Weekly-Awards/b1cc9cca-5c92-4b58-97af-c10ad7bb80e7|title=Cousins, Redskins Sweep Weekly Awards|first=Brian|last=Tinsman|date=December 21, 2012|accessdate=2012-12-24}}</ref> Overall in 2012, Cousins appeared in 3 games with 466 passing yards, 4 touchdowns, and 3 interceptions.

===2013 season===
On December 11, 2013, Cousins was named starting quarterback for the rest of the [[2013 Washington Redskins season|2013 season]] after Shanahan deactivated [[Robert Griffin III]] for the remainder of the season in order to protect him for the following year, with [[Rex Grossman]] as Cousins's backup.<ref>{{cite news|last=Keirn|first=John|title=Redskins to start Kirk Cousins|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/10118293/kirk-cousins-washington-redskins-start-place-robert-griffin-iii|accessdate=December 11, 2013|newspaper=[[ESPN]]|date=December 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Farrar|first=Doug|title=Kirk Cousins to start for Redskins; RGIII will be deactivated for rest of the season|url=http://nfl.si.com/2013/12/11/kirk-cousins-starting-over-robert-griffin-iii-washington-redskins/|accessdate=December 11, 2013|newspaper=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=December 11, 2013}}</ref> Cousins appeared in 5 games with 854 passing yards, 4 touchdowns, and 7 interceptions.

===2014 season===
On February 2, 2014, it was reported that Cousins had stated that he was open to a trade from the Redskins.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilkening|first=Mike|title=Report: Kirk Cousins "open" to trade from Washington.|url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/02/02/report-kirk-cousins-open-to-trade-from-washington/?ocid=Yahoo&partner=ya5nbcs|accessdate=2 February 2014}}</ref>

In March, Cousins announced that he would be giving number 12 to new teammate [[Andre Roberts (American football)|Andre Roberts]], for the price of a $12,000 donation to the Kirk Cousins Football Camp. Cousins then switched over to number 8, a number he wore throughout his high school and college career.<ref>{{cite web|last=Walker|first=Andrew|title=Kirk Cousins Switches Back To Trusty No. 8 |url=http://blog.redskins.com/2014/04/03/kirk-cousins-switches-back-to-trusty-no-8/|publisher=The Redskin Blog|accessdate=17 April 2014}}</ref>

During Week 2 against the [[Jacksonville Jaguars]], Cousins came in relief of Griffin who left the game with a dislocated ankle. Cousins finished the game with 250 passing yards and two touchdowns in a 41–10 victory. In Week 3 against the [[Philadelphia Eagles]], Cousins started the game and threw for 427 yards, the first game he had over 400 passing yards. Washington still lost an ensuing slugfest to the Eagles 34–37. In Week 4 against the [[New York Giants]], Cousins had a poor showing, throwing for one touchdown with four interceptions and a lost fumble.<ref>{{cite news|work=WashingtonPost.com|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/kirk-cousins-has-five-turnovers-eli-manning-has-five-tds-and-giants-top-redskins-45-14/2014/09/26/cf6b8294-450a-11e4-b437-1a7368204804_story.html|title=Kirk Cousins has five turnovers, Eli Manning has five TDs, and Giants top Redskins, 45-14|first=Mike|last=Jones|date=September 26, 2014|accessdate=2015-06-20}}</ref> The Redskins were blown out 45–14 with a total of 6 turnovers.

In Week 5, against the defending [[Super Bowl champion]] [[Seattle Seahawks]]Cousins showed progress from the embarrassing loss to the Giants by throwing for two touchdowns without an no interception, including a 68-yard touchdown pass to [[DeSean Jackson]]. Despite the solid performance from Cousins, the Redskins lost the game 27–17. Following a poor performance in the first half in the Week 7 game against the [[Tennessee Titans]], he was benched at halftime in favor of backup quarterback [[Colt McCoy]], and did not play in any more games for the remainder of the season.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fantasynews.cbssports.com/fantasyfootball/update/24759161/redskins-bench-kirk-cousins-in-second-half-week-7 | title=Redskins bench Kirk Cousins in second half Week 7 | publisher=fantasynews.cbssports.com | date=October 19, 2014 | accessdate=October 21, 2014}}</ref>

===2015 season===
On August 31, 2015, Cousins was named the starter for the season over [[Robert Griffin III]].<ref name="2015season">{{cite web | url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/13550601/kirk-cousins-washington-redskins-named-starting-qb | title=Kirk Cousins named Redskins' starting QB for 2015 season | publisher=[[ESPN]] | date=August 31, 2015 | accessdate=August 31, 2015}}</ref> On October 4, Cousins led a 90-yard game winning drive against the [[Philadelphia Eagles]], his first since 2012, when he threw a touchdown pass to [[Pierre Garçon]] with under a minute left in the fourth quarter, winning the game 23–20.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clarke|first1=Liz|title=Kirk Cousins leads Redskins on 90-yard game-winning drive to beat Eagles, 23-20|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/redskins/cousins-leads-redskins-on-90-yard-game-winning-drive-to-beat-eagles/2015/10/04/2c06b950-6ad1-11e5-aa5b-f78a98956699_story.html|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref>

On October 25, Cousins helped lead the Redskins to their largest comeback win in franchise history, after being down 24–0 against the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]], to a 31–30 victory. In the game, Cousins had another game winning drive for the season, eventually finishing with 317 yards and four total touchdowns, three passing and one rushing. Cousins also tied a franchise record for completions in a game with 33, tying [[Jason Campbell]], who did the same in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keim|first1=John|title=Kirk Cousins quiets critics as Redskins complete best comeback in team history|url=http://espn.go.com/blog/washington-redskins/post/_/id/20915/kirk-cousins-quiets-critics-for-now-as-redskins-complete-best-ever-comeback|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=25 October 2015}}</ref> Before heading into the locker room, Cousins was caught on camera shouting "You like that!?" at [[CSN Mid-Atlantic]]'s Tarik El-Bashir, which later become a catchphrase used by him, Redskin teammates, and fans throughout the rest of the season. Cousins and his brother Kyle applied to trademark the catchphrase in December, and began to sell t-shirts with the phrase to raise money for the [[International Justice Mission]] charity organization.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Dan|title=Kirk Cousins is serenaded with ‘You Like That’ love at FedEx Field|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2015/12/20/kirk-cousins-is-serenaded-with-you-like-that-love-at-fedex-field/|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=25 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=Chris Baker brings back ‘You like that’ after Kirk Cousins’s big game|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2015/11/15/chris-baker-brings-back-you-like-that-after-kirk-cousinss-big-game/|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=25 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bieler|first1=Des|title=Kirk Cousins is hawking ‘YOU LIKE THAT’ T-shirts for charity|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2015/10/27/kirk-cousins-is-hawking-you-like-that-t-shirts-for-charity/|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=25 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Allen|first1=Scott|title=Kirk Cousins and his brother have applied to trademark ‘You Like That’|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2015/12/24/kirk-cousins-and-his-brother-are-applying-to-trademark-you-like-that/|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=25 December 2015}}</ref>

Against the [[New Orleans Saints]] on November 15, Cousins threw for a career-high four touchdowns, as well as posting a [[perfect passer rating]] of 158.3, making him the first Redskins quarterback since 1950 to do that with at least 20 attempts.{{efn|Robert Griffin III posted a perfect passer rating against the Eagles in 2012, but with only 15 attempts}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Andrew|title=Kirk Cousins Delivers All-Time-Best Performance|url=http://www.redskins.com/news-and-events/article-1/Kirk-Cousins-Delivers-All-Time-Best-Performance/5d50d39a-3a03-4a2a-b647-91651e5102c5?sf15319588=1|publisher=Redskins.com|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kirk Cousins throws career-high 4 TDs as Redskins rout Saints|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/recap?gameId=400791549|publisher=ESPN}}</ref>

By the end of the season, Cousins became the third Redskins quarterback since 1970 to have at least four passing touchdowns more than twice in one season, the second instance of which came against the [[Buffalo Bills]] on December 20.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clarke|first1=Liz|title=Cousins’s five TDs lead Redskins past Bills, 35-25, and fans certainly like that|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/redskins/kirk-cousins-has-hand-in-five-tds-and-redskins-blast-bills-to-remain-in-first-place/2015/12/20/84c6d0dc-a755-11e5-bff5-905b92f5f94b_story.html|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=21 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Dan|title=Six moments that showed this Redskins team might have what it takes|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dc-sports-bog/wp/2015/12/20/six-moments-that-showed-this-redskins-team-might-have-what-it-takes/?tid=pm_sports_pop_b|publisher=Washington Post|accessdate=21 December 2015}}</ref> Cousins finished the 2015 season posting the highest completion percentage (74.7) in home games in NFL history, with a minimum of 100 attempts, leading the Redskins to a 6-2 record at home.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tandler|first1=Rich|title=One stat puts Cousins ahead of Brady, Manning, Brees, others|url=http://www.csnmidatlantic.com/redskinsblog/one-stat-puts-cousins-ahead-brady-manning-brees-others|website=CSNWashington.com|accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref>

==Professional statistics==

===Regular season===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" style="background:#fff; border:4;"| 
!colspan=8| Passing<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/kirkcousins/2532820/careerstats</ref>
!colspan=4| Rushing
!colspan=2| Sacked
!colspan=2| Fumbles
!colspan=1| Team Record
|-
! Year !! Team !! G !! GS !! Comp !! Att !! Pct !! Yds !! Y/A !! TD !! Int !! Passer Rating !! Rush Att !! Yds !! Avg !! TD !! Sack !! Yds !! Fum !! Lost !! W/L (as starter)
|-
! [[2012 NFL season|2012]] !! [[2012 Washington Redskins season|WSH]]
| 3 || 1 || 33 || 48 || 68.8 || 466 || 9.7 || 4 || 3 || 101.6 || 3 || 22 || 7.3 || 0 || 3 || 27 || 1 || 0 || 1-0
|-
! [[2013 NFL season|2013]] !! [[2013 Washington Redskins season|WSH]]
| 5 || 3 || 81 || 155 || 52.3 || 854 || 5.5 || 4 || 7 || 58.4 || 4 || 14 || 3.5 || 0 || 5 || 32 || 3 || 2 || 0-3
|-
! [[2014 NFL season|2014]] !! [[2014 Washington Redskins season|WSH]]
| 6 || 5 || 126 || 204 || 61.8 || 1,710 || 8.4 || 10 || 9 || 86.4 || 7 || 20 || 2.9 || 0 || 8 || 70 || 2 || 2 || 1-4
|-
! [[2015 NFL season|2015]] !! [[2015 Washington Redskins season|WSH]]
| 14 || 14 || 336 || 482 || 69.7 || 3,625 || 7.5 || 22 || 11 || 97.2 || 21 || 52 || 2.5 || 5 || 23 || 161 || 8 || 3 || 7-7
|}

==Personal life==
Cousins married Julie Hampton on June 28, 2014, in [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]]. He dated Hampton for roughly two years prior to marrying her.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kirk Cousins wife Julie Hampton|url=http://www.playerwives.com/nfl/washington-redskins/kirk-cousins-wife-julie-hampton/|accessdate=15 December 2013}}</ref> Cousins is a [[Christianity|Christian]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Michigan State Quarterback Kirk Cousins Talks Faith, Football|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/michigan-state-quarterback-kirk-cousins-talks-faith-football-60561/}}</ref> During his time with the Redskins, Cousins earned the nickname "Captain Kirk" from teammates and the media for his presence as a leader. The name is a reference to the ''[[Star Trek]]'' character, [[Captain Kirk]].<ref name="captain">{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/redskins/captain-kirk-cousins-may-boldly-go-where-few-skins-quarterbacks-have-gone/2015/11/21/34b04664-9012-11e5-acff-673ae92ddd2b_story.html | title=‘Captain Kirk’ Cousins may boldly go where few Redskins quarterbacks have gone | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=November 21, 2015 | accessdate=December 5, 2015 | author=Clarke, Liz}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.redskins.com/team/roster/Kirk-Cousins/12b204ed-dfd6-4e83-9314-35b9e5f52223 Washington Redskins profile]
* [http://www.msuspartans.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/cousins_kirk00.html Michigan State profile]

{{Michigan State Spartans quarterback navbox}}
{{Senior CLASS Award - Football}}
{{Washington Redskins 2012 draft navbox}}
{{Washington Redskins starting quarterback navbox}}
{{Washington Redskins roster navbox}}
{{NFL starting quarterbacks navbox}}
{{NFL quarterbacks with a perfect passer rating}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cousins, Kirk}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American football quarterbacks]]
[[Category:Michigan State Spartans football players]]
[[Category:People from Holland, Michigan]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Michigan]]
[[Category:Washington Redskins players]]