Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Theodosius-Hafen

2007-03-01T17:45:06Z

J'raxis: Greek text, date link.

'''Eleutherion''' ({{lang-el|ελευθεριον}}, [[freedom]]) is an ancient Byzantine port near [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] (formerly known as [[Constantinople]], the capital of the eastern Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires).

In [[November 2005]], workers digging on a tunnel project discovered an ancient harbor of [[Byzantium]], now known as the Theodosian harbor. This discovery is in the [[Yenikapi]] neighborhood of Istanbul. The Theodosian harbor is believed to be an expansion of an earlier port known as the Eleutherion port.

{{hist-stub}}

[[Category:Byzantine Empire]]
[[Category:Ottoman Empire]]

Theodosius-Hafen

2006-11-09T20:41:03Z

J'raxis: A few categories, stub notice.

'''Eleutherion''' is an ancient Byzantine port near [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] (formerly known as [[Constantinople]], the capital of the eastern Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires).

In November 2005, workers digging on a tunnel project discovered an ancient harbor of [[Byzantium]], now known as the Theodosian harbor. This discovery is in the [[Yenikapi]] neighborhood of Istanbul. The Theodosian harbor is believed to be an expansion of an earlier port known as the Eleutherion port.

''Eleutherion'' is the Greek word for [[freedom]].

{{hist-stub}}

[[Category:Byzantine Empire]]
[[Category:Ottoman Empire]]

Benutzer:Spidermanstein/Sami Al-Arian

2006-04-04T15:22:02Z

J'raxis: Added :Category:Wrongly accused terrorism suspects.

[[Image:Samialarian.jpg|thumb|Sami Al-Arian.]]

'''Sami Amin Al-Arian''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: سامي العريان) (born [[January 14]], [[1958]]) is a [[Palestinian]]-[[United States|American]] [[computer engineering|computer engineer]] and university professor who was arrested by the [[United States]] government in 2003 on charges of funding [[terrorism|terrorists]]. On [[December 6]], [[2005]], after 13 days of deliberations, he was acquitted on eight of 17 counts, including criminal charges related to immigration violations, supporting terrorism and perjury and immigration violations, while the jury remained deadlocked on the others. He remains in custody pending a decision on whether to retry him on the deadlocked charges. Dr. Al-Arian's lead defense attorney is Linda Moreno. [http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-bk-alarian120605,0,2978799.story?coll=orl-news-headlines]

== Biography ==
Sami Amin Al-Arian was born in [[Kuwait]]. He emigrated with his family to [[Egypt]] in 1966, and traveled to the United States in 1975 at the age of 17 to complete his university studies. He obtained his Bachelor's Degree, graduating with honors in 1978 with a major in [[Electrical Engineering]], and completed his Master's Degree and Ph.D. in [[computer engineering]] in 1980 and 1985 respectively. He was employed in 1986 as a professor in the Computer Sciences Department at the [[University of South Florida]] in [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]]. He was chosen in 1993 as the best professor in the Faculty of Engineering, and as the best professor on the level of the entire university in 1994. Dr. Al-Arian is married to Nahla Al-Arian and has five children.

Dr. Al-Arian has played a prominent role in establishing a number of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] institutions over the past quarter of a century. These include the [[Arab Muslim Youth League]] in 1977, the Islamic Community Center in Tampa, and the Florida Islamic Academy, which is an Islamic school for students in Tampa and its suburbs. A devout Muslim, he was also [[imam]] of his [[mosque]]. He is considered to have been among the most active lecturers in [[North America]] in the 1980s and 1990s on the subjects of the [[Proposals for a Palestinian state|Palestinian cause]], the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]], and the relationship between Islam and the West. He helped to found the [[World Islamic Study Enterprise]] (WISE) and the [[Islamic Committee for Palestine]] (ICP) in 1990, which sought to set up a serious dialogue between scholars and men involved in the Islamic movement and Western Orientalists. Over a period of five years, WISE and ICP issued 20 volumes and several books, as well as sponsoring several conferences. Accusations that WISE was a front for terrorists were made in a series of articles in the [[Tampa Tribune]]. Al-Arian was suspended with pay while an investigation was conducted for the university by [[William Reese Smith]], prominent [[attorney]] and former president of the [[American Bar Association]]. The Smith investigation discovered no evidence against Al-Arian, who resumed teaching. At that time, federal authorities were unable to comment on Al-Arian's status.

In the [[U.S. Senate election, 2004|2004 Florida U.S. Senate campaign]], former USF president [[Betty Castor]] was attacked for failing to fire Al-Arian at the time of the WISE flap. She replied that, acting on the information available at the time, there was insufficient evidence to justify firing a tenured professor.

In February 2003, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] accused al-Arian and seven others of being involved since 1984 in a criminal organization that assists the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] movement. The authorities added that this organization had been responsible for hundreds of terrorist acts in [[Israel]], resulting in over 100 deaths, and that Al-Arian was the jihad movement's chief of operations in the United States. Al-Arian denied any connection with terrorist activities. Following the publicity regarding his non-academic activities as well as the criminal allegations, he was suspended with pay from his university position. Shortly thereafter, the university formally notified him of its intent to terminate his employment. As Dr. Al-Arian was a tenured professor, both the [[American Association of University Professors]] (AAUP) and [[United Faculty of Florida]] (the faculty union) have opposed the actions of the university administration in Al-Arian's case. After announcing its intent to fire Dr. Al-Arian, the case hung in suspense for many months. The university did not actually fire Dr. Al-Arian until shortly after his Federal indictment and arrest. Actions in his case were also raised in 2004 primary and general election campaigns in the United States involving Betty Castor, former president of the USF.

==Investigation==
The FBI began investigating Al-Arian's alleged connections to Islamist groups on the US list of terrorist organizations in the early 1990s, establishing its first [[telephone tapping|wiretaps]] for Al-Arian in 1993. In 1995, the FBI began requesting information on Al-Arian and two other professors from USF campus police while refraining from providing the local authorities with any details of the investigation. In 1996, USF officials received more information on the investigation that led university president Betty Castor to suspend Al-Arian, but no charges were brought against him.
Investigators did not share recordings and other information gathered for intelligence purposes with the criminal staff of the FBI in the late 1990s, and the university's internal report by [[Tampa Bay|Tampa]] lawyer [[William Reece Smith]] did not suggest any grounds for USF to dismiss him.

After his brother-in-law, Mazen Al-Najjar was imprisoned on secret evidence, Al-Arian became politically active in the United States. He campaigned against the use of secret evidence in immigration cases and was for [[George W. Bush]] during the [[U.S. presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]], and was photographed with Bush that year in [[Plant City, Florida]]. The following year, Al-Arian's son, Abdullah, became a congressional intern, but was by a mistake kicked out of a [[White House]] meeting, sparking a walkout by twenty other Muslims in attendance. However, President Bush soon apologized to the Al-Arian family for the incident. On [[June 20]], [[2001]], Sami Al-Arian's attended [[Eisenhower Office Building]] for a briefing, led by [[Karl Rove]], with 160 other Muslim leaders.

Al-Arian appeared on the popular television show [[The O'Reilly Factor]] on [[September 26]], shortly after the [[September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack|September 11th attacks]]. On the program, host [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]], resurrected charges from fifteen years prior that alleged Al-Arian had used a now-defunct university-affiliated Islamic [[think tank]] that he headed as a front for [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian "terrorist" organizations]]. Though Al-Arian denied all links to terrorists O'Reilly claimed he believed Al-Arian had terrorist connections.

Following the airing of the program, USF received several death threats for Al-Arian. University president [[Judy Genshaft]] placed Al-Arian on paid leave and barred him from the campus on [[September 27]], saying it was for his own safety and the safety of others at the university.

On [[December 19]], [[2001]], Genshaft initiated proceedings to revoke Al-Arian's tenure and terminate his employment at the university. Genshaft refused to speak publicly about the Al-Arian case; a spokesman indicated that Genshaft was attempting to fire Al-Arian for supporting terrorism and damaging the university's reputation.

The University filed a lawsuit seeking a pre-emptive judgement that firing Al-Arian would not violate his [[First Amendment]] rights in August of 2002. The suit was summarily dismissed on [[December 15]], [[2002]], with the judge indicating that such an advisory ruling is not within the scope of the court's function.

==Arrest==
On [[February 20]], [[2003]], the FBI arrested Al-Arian after indicting him and seven others on 50 charges including some related to terrorism. [[United States Attorney General]] [[John Ashcroft]] alleged at a press conference that Al-Arian was the North American head of the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] (PIJ), and the secretary of the PIJ's international organization. His trial was set for [[May 16]] [[2005]]. Al-Arian's lawyers stated that the delay between arrest and trial constitutes a violation of Al-Arian's right under the [[United States Constitution]] to a [[Denial of a speedy trial|speedy trial]]. In response, Judge [[James Moody]] cited what he believed to be the complexity and uniqueness of the case as reasons for setting the trial in 2005.

On [[February 26]], Genshaft announced that Al-Arian had been fired on the basis that his non-academic activities created a conflict of interest with the university. Allegations from his indictment were also cited.

Al-Arian also co-founded the Islamic Association for Palestine in 1981. Its daughter organization is the [[Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development]]. InfoCom Corporation, another organization affiliated with IAP, had its offices raided by the U.S. government.

== Trial ==
Al-Arian's Federal [[United States District Court|District Court]] trial in Tampa commenced in June, 2005. On [[December 6]], [[2005]], after 13 days of deliberations, the jury acquitted him on eight of 17 counts, while remaining deadlocked 10-2 in favor of acquittal on the other nine.[http://www.sptimes.com/2005/12/07/Tampabay/8_times__Al_Arian_hea.shtml] Of all the 51 charges against the four men, not one was judged as guilty. Al-Arian, however, remains in custody pending a decision on whether to retry him on the deadlocked charges. [http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-bk-alarian120605,0,2978799.story?coll=orl-news-headlines]

==External links==
*[http://siteinstitute.org/bin/articles.cgi?ID=news5203&Category=news&Subcategory=0 SITE Institute Fact Sheet on Sami Al-Arian]
*[http://www.sptimes.com/2003/02/21/TampaBay/Sami_Al_Arian__in_his.shtml Sami Al-Arian, in his words]
*[http://www.freesamialarian.com/home.htm Free Sami Al-Arian Site]
*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,61096,00.html FOX News transcript of O'Reilly interview]- [[September 26]] [[2001]]
*[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2003/February/03_crm_099.htm US Department of Justice press release regarding arrest]- [[February 20]] [[2003]]
*[http://www.usf.edu/News/2001/arianindex.htm USF'S Official Al-Arian Case News Archive]
*[http://www.tampatrib.com/MGA1ZISBT9D.html Judge Tosses USF Suit Against Al-Arian]- Ben Feller, The Tampa Tribune, [[December 17]] [[2002]]
*[http://www.sptimes.com/2003/01/07/TampaBay/Al_Arian_demands_USF_.shtml Al-Arian Demands USF Restore his Standing]- Anita Kumar, The St. Petersburg Times, [[January 7]] [[2003]]
*[http://www.macon.com/mld/macon/news/breaking_news/11686584.htm Jury selected for ex-professor]- [[May 16]] [[2005]]
*[http://www.sptimes.com/2005/webspecials05/al-arian/index.shtml Ongoing trial coverage from the St. Petersburg Times]
*[http://news.tbo.com/news/MGBPUL1SRFE.html Al-Arian Likened To Don In Mafia] by Micheal Fecter, published in the [[Tampa Tribune]] November 8, 2005

[[Category:1958 births|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:Living people|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:Arab Americans|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:Palestinian people|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:University of South Florida|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:Wrongly accused terrorism suspects|Al-Arian, Sami]]

Benutzer:Spidermanstein/Sami Al-Arian

2005-12-06T22:53:38Z

J'raxis: Added acquittal information to first paragraph.

'''Sami Amin Al-Arian''' (b. [[January 14]], [[1958]]) is a [[Palestinian]]-[[United States|American]] [[computer engineering|computer engineer]] and university professor who was arrested by the [[United States]] government in 2003 for his alleged involvement in the funding of [[terrorism|terrorists]]. On [[December 6]], [[2005]], after 13 days of deliberations, he was acquitted on eight of 17 counts, while the jury remained deadlocked on the others. He remains in custody pending a decision on whether to retry him on the deadlocked charges. [http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-bk-alarian120605,0,2978799.story?coll=orl-news-headlines]

== Biography ==

Sami Amin Al-Arian was born in [[Kuwait]]. He emigrated with his family to [[Egypt]] in 1966, and traveled to the United States in 1975 at the age of 17 to complete his university studies. He obtained his Bachelor's Degree, graduating with honors in 1978 with a major in [[Electrical Engineering]], and completed his Master's Degree and Ph.D. in [[computer engineering]] in 1980 and 1985 respectively. He was employed in 1986 as a professor in the Computer Sciences Department at the [[University of South Florida]] in [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]]. He was chosen in 1993 as the best professor in the Faculty of Engineering, and as the best professor on the level of the entire university in 1994.

Dr. Al-Arian has played a prominent role in establishing a number of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] institutions over the past quarter of a century. These include the [[Arab Muslim Youth League]] in 1977, the Islamic Community Center in Tampa, and the Florida Islamic Academy, which is an Islamic school for students in Tampa and its suburbs. A devout Muslim, he was also [[imam]] of his [[mosque]]. He is considered to have been among the most active lecturers in [[North America]] in the 1980s and 1990s on the subjects of the [[Proposals for a Palestinian state|Palestinian cause]], the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]], and the relationship between Islam and the West. He helped to found the [[World Islamic Study Enterprise]] (WISE) and the [[Islamic Committee for Palestine]] (ICP) in 1990, which sought to set up a serious dialogue between scholars and men involved in the Islamic movement and Western Orientalists. Over a period of five years, WISE and ICP issued 20 volumes and several books, as well as sponsoring several conferences. Accusations that WISE was a front for terrorists were made in a series of articles in the [[Tampa Tribune]]. Al-Arian was suspended with pay while an investigation was conducted for the university by [[William Reese Smith]], prominent [[attorney]] and former president of the [[American Bar Association]]. The Smith investigation discovered no evidence against Al-Arian, who resumed teaching. At that time, federal authorities were unable to comment on Al-Arian's status.

In the [[U.S. Senate election, 2004|2004 Florida U.S. Senate campaign]], former USF president [[Betty Castor]] was attacked for failing to fire Al-Arian at the time of the WISE flap. Despite her claims that, acting on the information available at the time, there was insufficient evidence to justify firing a tenured professor, the Al-Arian affair was a decisive factor in her defeat at the polls.

In February 2003, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] accused al-Arian and seven others of being involved since 1984 in a criminal organization that assists the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] movement. The authorities added that this organization had been responsible for hundreds of terrorist acts in [[Israel]], resulting in over 100 deaths, and that Al-Arian was the jihad movement's chief of operations in the United States. Al-Arian denied any connection with terrorist activities. Following the publicity regarding his non-academic activities as well as the criminal allegations, he was suspended with pay from his university position. Shortly thereafter, the university formally notified him of its intent to terminate his employment. As Dr. Al-Arian was a tenured professor, both the [[American Association of University Professors]] (AAUP) and [[United Faculty of Florida]] (the faculty union) have opposed the actions of the university administration in Al-Arian's case. After announcing its intent to fire Dr. Al-Arian, the case hung in suspense for many months. The university did not actually fire Dr. Al-Arian until shortly after his Federal indictment and arrest. Actions in his case were also raised in 2004 primary and general election campaigns in the United States involving Betty Castor, former president of the USF.

==Investigation==

The FBI began investigating Al-Arian's connections to Islamic terror groups in the early 1990s, establishing its first [[telephone tapping|wiretaps]] for Al-Arian in 1993. In 1995, the FBI began requesting information on Al-Arian and two other professors from USF campus police while refraining from providing the local authorities with any details of the investigation. In 1996, USF officials received more information on the investigation that led university president Betty Castor to suspend Al-Arian, but no charges were brought against him.
Investigators did not share recordings and other information gathered for intelligence purposes with the criminal staff of the FBI in the late 1990s, and the university's internal report by [[Tampa Bay|Tampa]] lawyer [[William Reece Smith]] did not suggest any grounds for USF to dismiss him.

After his brother-in-law, Mazen Al-Najjar was imprisoned on secret evidence, Al-Arian became politically active in the United States. He campaigned against the use of secret evidence in immigration cases and was for [[George W. Bush]] during the [[U.S. presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]], and was photographed with Bush that year in [[Plant City, Florida]]. The following year, Al-Arian's son, Abdullah, became a congressional intern, but was by a mistake kicked out of a [[White House]] meeting, sparking a walkout by twenty other Muslims in attendance. However, President Bush soon apologized to the Al-Arian family for the incident. On [[June 20]], [[2001]], Sami Al-Arian's attended [[Eisenhower Office Building]] for a briefing, led by [[Karl Rove]], with 160 other Muslim leaders.

Al-Arian appeared on the popular television show ''[[The O'Reilly Factor]]'' on [[September 26]], shortly after the [[September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack|September 11th attacks]]. On the program, host [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]] resurrected charges from fifteen years prior that alleged Al-Arian had used a now-defunct university-affiliated Islamic [[think tank]] that he headed as a front for [[Palestinian terrorism|Palestinian terrorist organizations]]. Al-Arian denied all links to terrorists; O'Reilly claimed he believed Al-Arian has terrorist connections.

Following the airing of the program, USF received several death threats for Al-Arian. University president [[Judy Genshaft]] placed Al-Arian on paid leave and barred him from the campus on [[September 27]], ostensibly for his own safety and the safety of others at the university.

On [[December 19]], [[2001]], Genshaft initiated proceedings to revoke Al-Arian's tenure and terminate his employment at the university. Genshaft refused to speak publicly about the Al-Arian case; a spokesman indicated that Genshaft was attempting to fire Al-Arian for supporting terrorism and damaging the university's reputation.

The University filed a lawsuit seeking a pre-emptive judgement that firing Al-Arian would not violate his [[First Amendment]] rights in August of 2002. The suit was summarily dismissed on [[December 15]], [[2002]], with the judge indicating that such an advisory ruling is not within the scope of the court's function.

==Arrest==

On [[February 20]], [[2003]], the FBI arrested Al-Arian after indicting him and seven others on 50 terrorism-related charges. [[United States Attorney General]] [[John Ashcroft]] alleged at a press conference that Al-Arian was the North American head of the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] (PIJ), and the secretary of the PIJ's international organization. His trial was set for [[May 16]] [[2005]]. Al-Arian's lawyers stated that the delay between arrest and trial constitutes a violation of Al-Arian's right under the [[United States Constitution]] to a [[Denial of a speedy trial|speedy trial]]. In response, Judge [[James Moody]] cited what he believed to be the complexity and uniqueness of the case as reasons for setting the trial in 2005.

On [[February 26]], Genshaft announced that Al-Arian had been fired on the basis that his non-academic activities created a conflict of interest with the university. Allegations from his indictment were also cited.

Al-Arian also co-founded the [http://www.iap.org Islamic Association for Palestine] in 1981. Its daughter organization is the [[Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development]]. InfoCom Corporation, another organization affiliated with IAP, had its offices raided by the U.S. government.

== Trial ==

Al-Arian's Federal [[United States District Court|District Court]] trial in Tampa commenced in June, 2005. On [[December 6]], [[2005]], after 13 days of deliberations, the jury acquitted him on eight of 17 counts, while remaining deadlocked on the others. He remains in custody pending a decision on whether to retry him on the deadlocked charges. [http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-bk-alarian120605,0,2978799.story?coll=orl-news-headlines]

==External links==

*[http://siteinstitute.org/bin/articles.cgi?ID=news5203&Category=news&Subcategory=0 SITE Institute Fact Sheet on Sami Al-Arian]
*[http://www.sptimes.com/2003/02/21/TampaBay/Sami_Al_Arian__in_his.shtml Sami Al-Arian, in his words]
*[http://www.freesamialarian.com/home.htm Free Sami Al-Arian Site]
*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,61096,00.html FOX News transcript of O'Reilly interview]- [[September 26]] [[2001]]
*[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2003/February/03_crm_099.htm US Department of Justice press release regarding arrest]- [[February 20]] [[2003]]
*[http://www.usf.edu/News/2001/arianindex.htm USF'S Official Al-Arian Case News Archive]
*[http://www.tampatrib.com/MGA1ZISBT9D.html Judge Tosses USF Suit Against Al-Arian]- Ben Feller, The Tampa Tribune, [[December 17]] [[2002]]
*[http://www.sptimes.com/2003/01/07/TampaBay/Al_Arian_demands_USF_.shtml Al-Arian Demands USF Restore his Standing]- Anita Kumar, The St. Petersburg Times, [[January 7]] [[2003]]
*[http://www.iap.com Islamic Association for Palestine Website]
* [http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/2003_02_21.htm Profs Duped by Sami Al-Arian] by [[Martin Kramer]]
*[http://www.macon.com/mld/macon/news/breaking_news/11686584.htm Jury selected for ex-professor]- [[May 16]] [[2005]]
*[http://www.sptimes.com/2005/webspecials05/al-arian/index.shtml Ongoing trial coverage from the St. Petersburg Times]
*[http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=18899 What I Saw at al-Arian's Trial] by [[Joe Kaufman]], FrontPageMagazine.com, [[July 26]] [[2005]]
*[http://news.tbo.com/news/MGBPUL1SRFE.html Al-Arian Likened To Don In Mafia] by Micheal Fecter, published in the [[Tampa Tribune]] November 8, 2005

[[Category:1958 births|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:Palestinian militants|Al-Arian, Sami]]
[[Category:University of South Florida|Al-Arian, Sami]]

Leofric von Mercia

2005-08-05T22:35:40Z

J'raxis: Link disambig.

'''Leofric''' (b. abt [[May 14]], [[968]] - died [[August 31]], [[1057]]) was the Earl of [[Mercia]], who, in [[1043]], founded [[monastery]]s at [[Coventry]] and [[Much Wenlock]]. Leofric is best remembered as the husband of [[Godiva]], who is said to have ridden through the streets of Coventry naked, in order to persuade her husband to reduce the burden of [[tax]]es placed on their subjects by order of King [[Harthacanute]]. In the novel by [[Charles Kingsley]], they were the parents of [[Hereward the Wake]], but this is merely a literary device.

He married in [[1030]].
He is said to have died in [[Bromley]], [[Staffordshire]], England.

His son, [[Alfgar, Earl Of Mercia]], succeeded him.

<center>
{| border="2"
|-
| width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:<br />
'''[[Leofwine, Earl of Mercia]]'''
| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[Leofric, Earl of Mercia]]'''
| width="30%" align="center" | Followed by:<br />
'''[[Alfgar, Earl Of Mercia]]'''
|}
</center>

{{Euro-royal-stub}}

[[Category:Anglo-Saxon people]]
[[Category:968 births]]
[[Category:1057 deaths]]

Siward, Earl of Northumbria

2005-08-05T22:28:30Z

J'raxis: Link disambig.

'''Sigurd the Dane''', also known as '''Siward''', was an [[English]] nobleman in the [[1100s|Eleventh Century]], and the [[Earl]] of [[Northumbria]].

Siward was a descendant of the [[Denmark|Danish]] royal family, whose ancestors had arrived in England a few generations earlier as part of the [[Norse]] colonization of Britain. He was the hereditary ruler of Northumbria.

He served as a general to [[Harthacanute]] and [[Edward the Confessor]], and gained great reknown for his skills as a soldier. He was related to the [[Scottish]] royal family, and was either the uncle or the brother-in-law of [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm Canmore]] (one text erroneously calls him his grandfather). Following [[Macbeth of Scotland|Macbeth]]'s defeat of Malcolm's father [[Duncan I of Scotland|King Duncan I]] in [[1040]], the infant Malcolm was sent to Northumbria to be guarded by Siward. In [[1053]], Edward the Confessor agreed to assist the now adult Malcolm in taking the throne of Scotland, and designated Siward as leader of the English army. Siward's first incursion met with limited success, capturing the fortress [[Dunsinane]] in [[1054]], but Macbeth was not decisively defeated until [[1057]] at [[Battle of Lumphanan|Lumphanan]]. One of Siward's own sons, Osberne, was killed during the campaign in Scotland.

Malcolm's son [[David I of Scotland|King David I]] would later marry Siward's granddaughter [[Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon|Matilda]]. Siward's descendants also included [[James I of England]], although this was not known during James' time.

Siward and Osberne (Young Siward) are both characters in [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Macbeth]]''.