Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Logan Paul

2016-08-28T13:51:47Z

Hamsterlopithecus:

{{BLP sources|date=August 2016}}
{{Notability|date=August 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Logan Paul
| image =
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Logan Paul
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1995|04|01}}
| birth_place = [[Westlake, Ohio]], United States
| occupation = Internet entertainer
| residence = [[Los Angeles, California]], United States
}}
'''Logan Paul''' was born in [[Westlake, Ohio]] on April 1, 1995. Paul is a [[social media]] entertainer who started creating videos on [[Vine (service)|Vine]]. He is a former State placing wrestler and received two scholarships to attend [[Ohio University]] in Athens. Paul's first television acting job was a short in ''Bad Weather Films'', playing Rainbow Man. This led to a sequel called Rainbow Man. In early 2015, Paul appeared on ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' as a crazed kidnapper. In the pilot of the new series, ''[[Weird Loners]]'', the role of the Logan Twins is portrayed by Logan Paul. He has since worked with other Vine users, such as [[King Bach]], [[Christian Delgrosso]], and [[Lance210]].

==Personal Life==
Logan Paul is the older brother of [[Jake Paul]], who also gained notoriety on Vine and is one of the main cast members of [[Disney Channel]]'s ''[[Bizaardvark]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/how-vines-hunky-goofball-logan-paul-plans-become-mainstream-superstar-169152|title=How Vine's Hunky Goofball Logan Paul Plans to Become a Mainstream Superstar |work=[[Adweek]]|accessdate=May 27, 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Logan}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Logan Paul

2016-08-28T13:51:23Z

Hamsterlopithecus:

{{BLP sources|date=August 2016}}
{{Notability|date=August 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Logan Paul
| image =
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Logan Paul
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1995|04|01}}
| birth_place = [[Westlake, Ohio]], United States
| occupation = Internet celebrity
| residence = [[Los Angeles, California]], United States
}}
'''Logan Paul''' was born in [[Westlake, Ohio]] on April 1, 1995. Paul is a [[social media]] entertainer who started creating videos on [[Vine (service)|Vine]]. He is a former State placing wrestler and received two scholarships to attend [[Ohio University]] in Athens. Paul's first television acting job was a short in ''Bad Weather Films'', playing Rainbow Man. This led to a sequel called Rainbow Man. In early 2015, Paul appeared on ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' as a crazed kidnapper. In the pilot of the new series, ''[[Weird Loners]]'', the role of the Logan Twins is portrayed by Logan Paul. He has since worked with other Vine users, such as [[King Bach]], [[Christian Delgrosso]], and [[Lance210]].

==Personal Life==
Logan Paul is the older brother of [[Jake Paul]], who also gained notoriety on Vine and is one of the main cast members of [[Disney Channel]]'s ''[[Bizaardvark]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/how-vines-hunky-goofball-logan-paul-plans-become-mainstream-superstar-169152|title=How Vine's Hunky Goofball Logan Paul Plans to Become a Mainstream Superstar |work=[[Adweek]]|accessdate=May 27, 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Logan}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Jim Jefferies (Komiker)

2013-06-11T06:55:37Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Personal life */

{{For|the Scottish football manager|Jim Jefferies}}
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2012}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}

{{Infobox comedian
| name = Jim Jefferies
| image = Jim Jeffries.jpg
| caption = Performing at the 2012 Global Atheist Convention
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|2|14}} {{citation needed|date=April 2012}}
| birth_place = [[Sydney, New South Wales]], Australia
| nationality = Australian
| occupation = Stand-up comedian, actor, writer, comedian
| influences = [[George Carlin]], [[Roy Chubby Brown]], [[Richard Pryor]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[John Cleese]]
| notable_work = ''[[Never Mind the Buzzcocks]]'', ''[[Carpool (web series)|Carpool]]'', ''[[Montreal Comedy Festival]]''
| website = http://www.jimjefferies.com/
}}
'''Geoff Nugent''' (born February 14, 1977),<ref>[http://www.kcconfidential.com/full_content.php?article_id=23649&full=yes&pbr=1 Glazer: Funny Guy Jim Jefferies Brings Down the House While Buying A House] kcconfidential.com</ref> known professionally as '''Jim Jefferies''', is an Australian [[stand-up comedy|stand-up comedian]], actor and writer.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090607120017/http://www.jimjefferies.com/main.php?id=bio Jim Jefferies bio]. jimjefferies.com</ref>

==Career==
He first achieved international popularity after he was attacked onstage while performing at the [[Manchester]] [[Comedy Store]].<ref>[http://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2007/04/16/5226/comic_attacked_on_stage Comic attacked on stage : News 2007 : Chortle : The UK Comedy Guide]. Chortle (2007-04-16). Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> At one time, Jefferies even incorporated the incident (and its video recording) into his act. This can be seen on his 2008 UK home video release, ''Contraband''. He is now well known in the USA after his popular debut stand-up special on [[HBO]].<ref>[http://www.hbo.com/comedy/jim-jefferies-i-swear-to-god/index.html Jim Jefferies: I Swear to God: Home]. HBO. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>

Jefferies has performed at numerous festivals, including the [[Edinburgh Fringe]], Montreal Comedy Festival ([[Just for Laughs]]), South African Comedy Festival [[Cape Town]], [[Reading and Leeds Festivals]] and the [[Glastonbury Festival]]. He has appeared on [[BBC Television]] shows, such as ''[[Never Mind the Buzzcocks]]'', ''[[Have I Got News for You]]'', ''[[The Heaven and Earth Show]]'', and ''[[8 out of 10 Cats]]''. Jefferies has also performed spots on ''The World Stands Up'', ''Comedy Blue'' and ''Edinburgh and Beyond'' for the [[Comedy Central]].

He has also been featured on various programmes, including [[BBC Radio 5 Live]]'s Saturday morning sports show. ''[[Fighting Talk]]'',<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/fivelive/programmes/fightingtalk.shtml BBC Radio 5 live – Fighting Talk]. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>

Jefferies was on a podcast ''Jim and Eddie Talkin' Shit'' twice a week, with his fellow comedian and friend [[Eddie Ifft]]. It is recorded from Ifft's home in Los Angeles. In December 2012, Jefferies left the podcast, citing his work schedule because of filming his new television series, ''[[Legit (2013 TV series)|Legit]]''.<ref>[http://www.jimandeddietalkshit.com Jim Jefferies & Eddie Ifft Talk Shit Podcast]. Jimandeddietalkshit.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>

Jefferies' new comedy series ''[[Legit (2013 TV series)|Legit]]'' premiered on 17 January 2013 on [[FX (TV channel)|FX]], and thirteen episodes are scheduled to air.<ref>[http://www.deadline.com/2012/06/fx-picks-up-jim-jefferies-comedy-legit-to-series-with-13-episode-order/]</ref> The series has received attention for its portrayal of people with mental and physical handicaps.<ref>{{cite web|last=Couch|first=Aaron|title=How FX's 'Legit' Became the Darling of the Disabled Community|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/fxs-legit-jim-jefferies-embraced-430325|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref>

==Stand up comedy DVDs==
* ''Contraband'' – (5000 limited editions) Released: 10 November 2008 (UK Home Video)
* ''I Swear to God'' – Broadcast: 16 May 2009; Released: 13 October 2009 (US Home Video)
* ''Alcoholocaust'' – Released: 8 November 2010 ([[Comedy Central]] UK DVD)
* ''Fully Functional'' - Release: October 2012

==Personal life==

After eight years living in [[Kentish Town]], Jefferies now lives in Los Angeles.<ref>[http://www.livesv.com/categories/index/2/0/city/video/location/San%20Jose/page/1].</ref> He is an [[atheist]].<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYR7cfpnUGo Jim Jefferies – Atheists are Right, Religious People are Wrong]. YouTube. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.
</ref> Jefferies is currently in a relationship with actress [[Kate Luyben]].<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmIuM-9ht4w Legit - Jim Jefferies & girlfriend Kate Luyben]. YouTube. Retrieved on 2013-05-15.
</ref> Their son, Hank Jefferies, was born on 6 November 2012, with Jefferies releasing a photograph on his Facebook page.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jimjefferies.com/ Official site]
* {{twitter|jimjefferies}}
* {{IMDb name|1812944|Jim Jeffries}}

{{Fighting Talk}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=103523743}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Jefferies, Jim
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Comedian
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1977-2-14
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Sydney, New South Wales]], Australia
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jefferies, Jim}}
[[Category:Australian male comedians]]
[[Category:Australian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Australian writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian television actors]]
[[Category:Australian atheists]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:People from Sydney]]
[[Category:Australian expatriates in the United States]]

Jim Jefferies (Komiker)

2013-06-11T06:55:37Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Personal life */

Die Zeitgeist-Bewegung

2010-11-01T02:36:26Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Concepts advocated by the Zeitgeist Movement */

{{Primary sources|date=August 2010}}
{{POV|date=August 2010}}

{{infobox Website
| name = The Zeitgeist Movement
| logo = [[File:Zeitgeist Movement globe.jpg|250px|The Zeitgeist Movement]]
| caption = The Zeitgeist Movement Logo
| url = http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com
| type of organization = [[Grassroots]]
| location = [[Earth]]
| type = [[Social movement]]
| registration = membership
| current status = active
}}

'''The Zeitgeist Movement''' (TZM) is an organization with the stated focus of increasing people's awareness of the suggested need for global social change for the better of all of the world.<ref name="Advocation">{{cite web|url=http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=52|title=The Zeitgeist Movement Website | publisher=The Zeitgeist Movement | accessdate=2010-04-20}}</ref> It describes itself as a "sustainability advocacy organization" and sees itself as the activist arm of [[The Venus Project]], founded by industrial designer and social engineer [[Jacque Fresco]].
The [[Zeitgeist]] Movement was inspired by the social response to [[Peter Joseph|Peter Joseph's]] films ''[[Zeitgeist: The Movie]]'' and ''[[Zeitgeist: Addendum]]''. However, it was ''Zeitgeist Addendum'' which first introduced The Venus Project. The Zeitgeist Movement's website states that a distinction is to be made between the work of The Movement and the issues raised in Peter Joseph's films in that The Movement is not necessarily in advocacy of any views demonstrated in the films and exists on its own.<ref>http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_kb&task=article&article=3&Itemid=100091</ref>

==Concepts advocated by the Zeitgeist Movement==
*The main concept advocated by the Zeitgeist Movement is that all the World's resources, from needs such as food and shelter to desires such as vacations and cars, should be the common heritage of all the World's people.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://thevenusproject.com/a-new-social-design/essay#resource "Essay"], Resource Based Economy by ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''Resource based economy''': The Zeitgeist Movement believes that money creates established institutions that are forced to protect themselves, which inhibits progress. Therefore, they believe that the fractional reserve system, usury/interest, and credit are all functions of a flawed system that creates debt, leading to the need for employment, for the purpose of paying off debts. A process known as 'cyclical consumption'. (''Zeitgeist Movement Orientation Guide'', Page 7)<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/a-new-social-design/resource-based-economy "Resource Based Economy"], ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''[[Automation]]''': The Zeitgeist Movement propose that automation is more productive than human labor and frees mankind from repetitive and tedious tasks.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/technology/construction "Construction"], ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''[[Artificial intelligence]]''': The Zeitgeist Movement proposes a concept known as 'Social Cybernation' which involves the allocation of decision-making to machines. Modern societies are highly complex and are currently managed by the bureaucracy, which suffer all kinds of limitations owing to lack of co-ordination, human inefficiency, etc. This form of management and decision-making can be done far more efficiently using cybernetic technology and already many industries manage their resources using cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence.{{fact}} Machines also do not suffer biases and are much better placed to take objective decisions than human beings.{{fact}} Machines would also be needed to store and retrieve information because humans have a limited capacity for memory.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/technology/city-systems "City Systems"], Cybernetic Government ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''Technological unification of the globe''': The Zeitgeist Movement believes that globally shared technology is required to monitor planetary resources in real time, and theoretically make the most efficient use of them in solving planetary problems.<ref>Peter Joseph [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=57 "Technology Essay"].</ref>
* '''[[Scientific methodology]]''': The Zeitgeist Movement claim that planetary government should be obligated to methodology, rather than being based on opinions. This could possibly cause governing decisions that are arrived at through scientific method, not belief.<ref>Peter Joseph [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=57 "Technology Essay"], paragraph 9.</ref>
* '''No property''': One of the major stances of the Zeitgeist Movement is their perspective on property. According to their beliefs, property is wasteful and unsustainable, and they believe it should be done away with in favor of a system of universal access, which will be made possible through abundance of goods and services, and possibly eliminating the need for ownership.<ref>Peter Joseph [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/The%20Zeitgeist%20Movement.pdf "The Zeitgeist Movement Orientation Guide"], page 69.</ref>
* '''[[Sustainable]] City Systems''': The Zeitgeist Movement supports [[systems theory]] and a systemic approach for a self-sustaining globe and culture which could be modeled on a smaller scale with a city-size system.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/technology/city-systems "City Systems"], ''The Venus Project''</ref>

==Phases of the movement==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2010}}

===Phase 1: Awareness Phase===
{{asof|2010|4|20}} the Zeitgeist Movement was in phase 1, consisting of collecting people, getting the movement's information out, and finding identification with other groups of individuals across all races, religions, and ethnicities. Phase 1 also consists of, but is not limited to, forming; teams to create the infrastructure of the movement site, a communication team, and a development team. Another aspect of phase 1 is forming international chapters which are needed for creating the infrastructure for communication on a global level. The main objective of phase 1 is the need for more members, in order to make the existence of the movement relevant to the external world.

===Phase 2: Project Phase===
Phase 2 is the team action phase, which the movement is not in yet, where chapter projects are shared with the community. This collective understanding is needed for a synchronized approach for projects such as knowledgeable lecturers. This is also the phase for organized awareness projects which are anticipated to lead to the incubation of offshoot projects such as ending world hunger, disarmament (by choice, not force), and anti-militarism. This phase focuses on expansion of the teams which will lead to expansion of the group and the creation of a functional organization. The aim of phase 2 is the interconnection of these groups with interrelated and interdisciplinary focuses.

===Phase 3: Action Phase===
Phase 3 is where higher forms of activism will occur such as boycotts, fundraising, city construction, direct lobbying of corporate and political organizations. This is the phase that will focus on dynamic interaction with previous established institutions.

==Zeitgeist Day==
The Zeitgeist Movement celebrates its annual ZDay in March. Note that this is unrelated to the ZDay prophesying the uprising of zombies. The last two were held on March 15, 2009 and on March 13, 2010. On this day, the Zeitgeist Movement has local gatherings to learn and share information with all interested individuals. In 2009 there were more than 450 events held in 70 countries around the world.<ref name="zeitgeist day">{{cite web |url=http://www.zday2010.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46 |title=What is Zday }}</ref> In 2009, among other events, Peter Joseph and Jacque Fresco spoke to a sold out crowd of around 900 at the Borough of Manhattan Community College for over 2 hours.<ref name="Peter Joseph and Jacque Fresco Critique the Monetary Economy"<ref name="ZD2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/nyregion/17zeitgeist.html?_r=2 |title= They’ve Seen the Future and Dislike the Present |author= Alan Feuer|date= March 16, 2009 |work= |publisher= [[New York Times]]|accessdate=December 17, 2009}}</ref>

==Regional and state chapters==
The Zeitgeist Movement organizes its members into country chapters and regional sub-chapters.<ref>http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=492&Itemid=1908</ref> Each regional chapter is hosted on its own domain, or in sub-domains from The Zeitgeist Movement's main site. The chapters are headed by individuals or groups of individuals who are interested in the movement and wish to donate their time to help out. According to The Zeitgeist Movement July 2010 Newsletter, The Zeitgeist Movement currently has 46 official country
chapters over 200 regional sub-chapters internationally.<ref>http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/July2010NL.pdf</ref> This includes all 50 official U.S. state chapters.<ref name="Chapters">{{cite web|url=http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/|title=The Zeitgeist Movement Website | publisher=The Zeitgeist Movement | accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> A virtual chapter was also created to represent the movement in the virtual world [[Second Life]].<ref>http://chapters.thezeitgeistmovement.com/virtual/</ref>

==Radio address==
Peter Joseph maintains a weekly radio address, that is currently on hiatus, which is broadcast every Wednesday on [[Blogtalkradio|BlogTalkRadio]]. These broadcasts discuss the progress of the Zeitgeist Movement, hold interviews with various relevant personalities, provide information for the Zeitgeist Movement's [[The Zeitgeist Movement#Regional and state chapters|Chapters]], and answer questions sent in by listeners.

There are two other known BlogTalkRadio shows dealing with the Zeitgeist Movement, Resource-Based Economies, and the Venus Project. One, known as V-Radio,<ref name="vradio">{{cite web|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/v-radio|title=V-Radio}}</ref>
is hosted by former Libertarian Congressional candidate Neil Kiernan Stephenson, who in 2008 ran for Congress.

==Media Project==
According to a press release circulated to members on May 12, 2010, the [http://zeitgeistmediaproject.com/ Zeitgeist Media Project] (ZMP) Beta was released. According to the press release the Media Project is an extension of the Communications Team.

==Reception and influence==
Musician [[Natacha Atlas]] cites the movement as her inspiration for her 2010 concept album ''[[Mounqaliba]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/08/03/natacha-atlas-illuminates-the-shifting-global-zeitgeist/|title=Natacha Atlas Illuminates the Shifting Global Zeitgeist|last=Hochman|first=Steve|date=3 August 2010|work=Spinner News|accessdate=10 August 2010}}</ref>

{{Expand|date=August 2010}}

==See also==
* [[Cultural Creatives]]
* [[The Venus Project]]
* [[Jacque Fresco]]
* [[Peter Joseph]]
* [[Cybersectarianism]]

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
*[http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/The%20Zeitgeist%20Movement.pdf Activist Orientation Guide] (Peter Joseph | Roxanne Meadows | Jacque Fresco, February 2009)
*[[Jacque Fresco]], [http://www.thevenusproject.com/store?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=19&category_id=6 The Best that Money can't Buy] (Global Cybervisions February 2002)

==External links==
* [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/ Official Website]
*[http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=492&Itemid=1908 Regional Chapters]
*[http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=953 Projects & Teams]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/travis-walter-donovan/the-zeitgeist-movement-en_b_501517.html Zday 2010 Review]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/nyregion/17zeitgeist.html?_r=1 Zday 2009 Review by New York Times]
* [http://www.thevenusproject.com The Venus Project]
* [http://www.zeitgeistmediaproject.com Zeitgeist Media Project]
* [http://chapters.thezeitgeistmovement.com/virtual/ Virtual Chapter]
* [http://zday2010.org/ Z-Day 2010 Archive]
* [http://www.zeitgeistmovie.com/ Zeitgeist Movies]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zeitgeist Movement, The}}
[[Category:Social movements| ]]
[[Category:Economic ideologies| ]]
[[Category:Zeitgeist]]

[[ar:حركة روح العصر]]
[[da:Zeitgeist-bevægelsen]]
[[es:El Movimiento Zeitgeist]]
[[hr:Pokret Zeitgeist]]
[[it:Movimento Zeitgeist]]
[[hu:Zeitgeist-mozgalom]]
[[nl:The Zeitgeist Movement]]
[[pl:The Zeitgeist Movement]]
[[pt:O Movimento Zeitgeist]]
[[sr:Cајtgајst (pokret)]]
[[fi:Zeitgeist-liike]]
[[sv:Zeitgeiströrelsen]]
[[tr:Zeitgeist Hareketi]]

Die Zeitgeist-Bewegung

2010-11-01T02:33:38Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Concepts advocated by the Zeitgeist Movement */

{{Primary sources|date=August 2010}}
{{POV|date=August 2010}}

{{infobox Website
| name = The Zeitgeist Movement
| logo = [[File:Zeitgeist Movement globe.jpg|250px|The Zeitgeist Movement]]
| caption = The Zeitgeist Movement Logo
| url = http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com
| type of organization = [[Grassroots]]
| location = [[Earth]]
| type = [[Social movement]]
| registration = membership
| current status = active
}}

'''The Zeitgeist Movement''' (TZM) is an organization with the stated focus of increasing people's awareness of the suggested need for global social change for the better of all of the world.<ref name="Advocation">{{cite web|url=http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=52|title=The Zeitgeist Movement Website | publisher=The Zeitgeist Movement | accessdate=2010-04-20}}</ref> It describes itself as a "sustainability advocacy organization" and sees itself as the activist arm of [[The Venus Project]], founded by industrial designer and social engineer [[Jacque Fresco]].
The [[Zeitgeist]] Movement was inspired by the social response to [[Peter Joseph|Peter Joseph's]] films ''[[Zeitgeist: The Movie]]'' and ''[[Zeitgeist: Addendum]]''. However, it was ''Zeitgeist Addendum'' which first introduced The Venus Project. The Zeitgeist Movement's website states that a distinction is to be made between the work of The Movement and the issues raised in Peter Joseph's films in that The Movement is not necessarily in advocacy of any views demonstrated in the films and exists on its own.<ref>http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_kb&task=article&article=3&Itemid=100091</ref>

==Concepts advocated by the Zeitgeist Movement==
*The main concept advocated by the Zeitgeist Movement is that all the World's resources, from needs such as food and shelter to desires such as vacations and cars, should be the common heritage of all the World's people.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://thevenusproject.com/a-new-social-design/essay#resource "Essay"], Resource Based Economy by ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''Resource based economy''': The Zeitgeist Movement believes that money creates established institutions that are forced to protect themselves, which inhibits progress. Therefore, they believe that the fractional reserve system, usury/interest, and credit are all functions of a flawed system that creates debt, leading to the need for employment, for the purpose of paying off debts. A process known as 'cyclical consumption'. (''Zeitgeist Movement Orientation Guide'', Page 7)<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/a-new-social-design/resource-based-economy "Resource Based Economy"], ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''[[Automation]]''': The Zeitgeist Movement propose that automation is more productive than human labor and frees mankind from repetitive and tedious tasks.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/technology/construction "Construction"], ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''[[Artificial intelligence]]''': The Zeitgeist Movement proposes a concept known as 'Social Cybernation' which involves the allocation of decision-making to machines. Modern societies are highly complex and are currently managed by the bureaucracy, which suffer all kinds of limitations owing to lack of co-ordination, human inefficiency, etc. This form of management and decision-making can be done far more efficiently using cybernetic technology and already many industries manage their resources using cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence.{{fact}} Machines also do not suffer biases and are much better placed to take objective decisions than human beings. Machines would also be needed to store and retrieve information because humans have a limited capacity for memory.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/technology/city-systems "City Systems"], Cybernetic Government ''The Venus Project''</ref>
* '''Technological unification of the globe''': The Zeitgeist Movement believes that globally shared technology is required to monitor planetary resources in real time, and theoretically make the most efficient use of them in solving planetary problems.<ref>Peter Joseph [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=57 "Technology Essay"].</ref>
* '''[[Scientific methodology]]''': The Zeitgeist Movement claim that planetary government should be obligated to methodology, rather than being based on opinions. This could possibly cause governing decisions that are arrived at through scientific method, not belief.<ref>Peter Joseph [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=57 "Technology Essay"], paragraph 9.</ref>
* '''No property''': One of the major stances of the Zeitgeist Movement is their perspective on property. According to their beliefs, property is wasteful and unsustainable, and they believe it should be done away with in favor of a system of universal access, which will be made possible through abundance of goods and services, and possibly eliminating the need for ownership.<ref>Peter Joseph [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/The%20Zeitgeist%20Movement.pdf "The Zeitgeist Movement Orientation Guide"], page 69.</ref>
* '''[[Sustainable]] City Systems''': The Zeitgeist Movement supports [[systems theory]] and a systemic approach for a self-sustaining globe and culture which could be modeled on a smaller scale with a city-size system.<ref>Jacque Fresco [http://www.thevenusproject.com/technology/city-systems "City Systems"], ''The Venus Project''</ref>

==Phases of the movement==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2010}}

===Phase 1: Awareness Phase===
{{asof|2010|4|20}} the Zeitgeist Movement was in phase 1, consisting of collecting people, getting the movement's information out, and finding identification with other groups of individuals across all races, religions, and ethnicities. Phase 1 also consists of, but is not limited to, forming; teams to create the infrastructure of the movement site, a communication team, and a development team. Another aspect of phase 1 is forming international chapters which are needed for creating the infrastructure for communication on a global level. The main objective of phase 1 is the need for more members, in order to make the existence of the movement relevant to the external world.

===Phase 2: Project Phase===
Phase 2 is the team action phase, which the movement is not in yet, where chapter projects are shared with the community. This collective understanding is needed for a synchronized approach for projects such as knowledgeable lecturers. This is also the phase for organized awareness projects which are anticipated to lead to the incubation of offshoot projects such as ending world hunger, disarmament (by choice, not force), and anti-militarism. This phase focuses on expansion of the teams which will lead to expansion of the group and the creation of a functional organization. The aim of phase 2 is the interconnection of these groups with interrelated and interdisciplinary focuses.

===Phase 3: Action Phase===
Phase 3 is where higher forms of activism will occur such as boycotts, fundraising, city construction, direct lobbying of corporate and political organizations. This is the phase that will focus on dynamic interaction with previous established institutions.

==Zeitgeist Day==
The Zeitgeist Movement celebrates its annual ZDay in March. Note that this is unrelated to the ZDay prophesying the uprising of zombies. The last two were held on March 15, 2009 and on March 13, 2010. On this day, the Zeitgeist Movement has local gatherings to learn and share information with all interested individuals. In 2009 there were more than 450 events held in 70 countries around the world.<ref name="zeitgeist day">{{cite web |url=http://www.zday2010.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46 |title=What is Zday }}</ref> In 2009, among other events, Peter Joseph and Jacque Fresco spoke to a sold out crowd of around 900 at the Borough of Manhattan Community College for over 2 hours.<ref name="Peter Joseph and Jacque Fresco Critique the Monetary Economy"<ref name="ZD2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/nyregion/17zeitgeist.html?_r=2 |title= They’ve Seen the Future and Dislike the Present |author= Alan Feuer|date= March 16, 2009 |work= |publisher= [[New York Times]]|accessdate=December 17, 2009}}</ref>

==Regional and state chapters==
The Zeitgeist Movement organizes its members into country chapters and regional sub-chapters.<ref>http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=492&Itemid=1908</ref> Each regional chapter is hosted on its own domain, or in sub-domains from The Zeitgeist Movement's main site. The chapters are headed by individuals or groups of individuals who are interested in the movement and wish to donate their time to help out. According to The Zeitgeist Movement July 2010 Newsletter, The Zeitgeist Movement currently has 46 official country
chapters over 200 regional sub-chapters internationally.<ref>http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/July2010NL.pdf</ref> This includes all 50 official U.S. state chapters.<ref name="Chapters">{{cite web|url=http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/|title=The Zeitgeist Movement Website | publisher=The Zeitgeist Movement | accessdate=2010-04-02}}</ref> A virtual chapter was also created to represent the movement in the virtual world [[Second Life]].<ref>http://chapters.thezeitgeistmovement.com/virtual/</ref>

==Radio address==
Peter Joseph maintains a weekly radio address, that is currently on hiatus, which is broadcast every Wednesday on [[Blogtalkradio|BlogTalkRadio]]. These broadcasts discuss the progress of the Zeitgeist Movement, hold interviews with various relevant personalities, provide information for the Zeitgeist Movement's [[The Zeitgeist Movement#Regional and state chapters|Chapters]], and answer questions sent in by listeners.

There are two other known BlogTalkRadio shows dealing with the Zeitgeist Movement, Resource-Based Economies, and the Venus Project. One, known as V-Radio,<ref name="vradio">{{cite web|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/v-radio|title=V-Radio}}</ref>
is hosted by former Libertarian Congressional candidate Neil Kiernan Stephenson, who in 2008 ran for Congress.

==Media Project==
According to a press release circulated to members on May 12, 2010, the [http://zeitgeistmediaproject.com/ Zeitgeist Media Project] (ZMP) Beta was released. According to the press release the Media Project is an extension of the Communications Team.

==Reception and influence==
Musician [[Natacha Atlas]] cites the movement as her inspiration for her 2010 concept album ''[[Mounqaliba]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/08/03/natacha-atlas-illuminates-the-shifting-global-zeitgeist/|title=Natacha Atlas Illuminates the Shifting Global Zeitgeist|last=Hochman|first=Steve|date=3 August 2010|work=Spinner News|accessdate=10 August 2010}}</ref>

{{Expand|date=August 2010}}

==See also==
* [[Cultural Creatives]]
* [[The Venus Project]]
* [[Jacque Fresco]]
* [[Peter Joseph]]
* [[Cybersectarianism]]

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
*[http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/The%20Zeitgeist%20Movement.pdf Activist Orientation Guide] (Peter Joseph | Roxanne Meadows | Jacque Fresco, February 2009)
*[[Jacque Fresco]], [http://www.thevenusproject.com/store?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=19&category_id=6 The Best that Money can't Buy] (Global Cybervisions February 2002)

==External links==
* [http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/ Official Website]
*[http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=492&Itemid=1908 Regional Chapters]
*[http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=439&Itemid=953 Projects & Teams]
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/travis-walter-donovan/the-zeitgeist-movement-en_b_501517.html Zday 2010 Review]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/nyregion/17zeitgeist.html?_r=1 Zday 2009 Review by New York Times]
* [http://www.thevenusproject.com The Venus Project]
* [http://www.zeitgeistmediaproject.com Zeitgeist Media Project]
* [http://chapters.thezeitgeistmovement.com/virtual/ Virtual Chapter]
* [http://zday2010.org/ Z-Day 2010 Archive]
* [http://www.zeitgeistmovie.com/ Zeitgeist Movies]

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Ben Stein

2008-11-02T20:44:04Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Views on science */

{{Infobox actor
|name = Ben Stein
|image = Bensteindol.jpg
|imagesize = 310px
|caption = Stein speaking at 2006 National Summit on Retirement Savings
|birthname = Benjamin Jeremy Stein
|birthdate = {{birth date and age|1944|11|25}}
|birthplace = [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]]
|deathdate =
|deathplace =
|occupation = Attorney, Author, Speechwriter, Actor, Voice Actor, Game Show Host
|religion = [[Judaism]]
|othername =
|homepage = http://www.benstein.com
|academyawards =
|emmyawards = '''[[Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy]] - Outstanding Game Show Host''' 1999 ''[[Win Ben Stein's Money]]'' with [[Jimmy Kimmel]]
|spouse = Alexandra Denman (1968 - 1974; 1977 - present)
|children = Tom (adopted)
}}
'''Benjamin Jeremy Stein''' (born [[November 25]], [[1944]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[television personality]], [[pundit (expert)|economic and political commentator]], [[writer]], and [[attorney]]. He gained early success as a [[speechwriter]] for American presidents [[Richard Nixon]] and [[Gerald Ford]]. Later he entered the entertainment field and became an [[Emmy Award]]-winning [[actor]], [[comedian]], and [[game show host]]. He is famous for his monotonous yet humorous voice in acting.

Stein has frequently written commentaries on economic, political, and social issues, along with financial advice to individual investors. He is the son of noted economist and writer [[Herbert Stein]]<ref name=imdbbio>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0825401/bio IMDB: Ben Stein bio]</ref> who worked at the [[White House]] under President Nixon. His sister, Rachel, is also a writer.

==Biography==
===Early years===
Stein was born in [[Washington, D.C.]], the son of Mildred ([[married and maiden names|née]] Fishman), a homemaker, and Herb Stein, a writer, economist, and presidential adviser.<ref name="filmr">{{cite web |title=Ben Stein Biography (1944-) |work=filmreference.com |publisher=NetIndustries, LLC |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/41/Ben-Stein.html |accessdate=2008-04-22}}</ref> He is [[Jewish religion|Jewish]] and grew up in the Woodside Forest neighborhood of [[Silver Spring, Maryland]]. Stein graduated from [[Montgomery Blair High School]] in 1961 along with classmate [[journalist]] [[Carl Bernstein]]; actress [[Goldie Hawn]] (class of 1963) was two years behind. Actor [[Sylvester Stallone]] was a schoolmate at Montgomery Hills Junior High School<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,35056,00.html Ben Stein Also Sings - ''Time'' magazine]</ref>. He went on to major in [[economics]] at [[Columbia University|Columbia University's]] [[Columbia College of Columbia University|Columbia College]], where he was a member of [[Alpha Delta Phi]] society and the [[Philolexian Society]]. After graduating with honors from Columbia in 1966, Stein went to [[Yale Law School]], from which he graduated as the class [[valedictorian]] in June of 1970. He's stated that he didn't have the highest grades in his class at Yale, but was voted valedictorian by the students because he was most popular.<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0805/02/gb.01.html CNN.com - Transcripts]</ref> On December 21, 1970, while visiting his father at work, Ben Stein met [[Elvis Presley]] in the White House cafeteria. He allegedly leaked the story of Presley's meeting with President Nixon, including the erroneous information that Elvis was wearing a cape, to columnist [[Jack Anderson]], who published it a year later.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}

===Legal and academic career===
[[Image:Ben Stein.jpg|right|thumb|Stein speaking at [[Miami University]] in 2003]]
He was first a [[poverty]] lawyer in [[New Haven, Connecticut]], and [[Washington, D.C.]] before becoming a [[trial (law)|trial]] lawyer for the [[Federal Trade Commission]].<ref name=jdjournal>JD Journal: "[http://www.jdjournal.com/articles/jdjben-stein.php Winning Thoughts from Ben Stein]"</ref>

Stein's first teaching stint was as an adjunct [[professor]], teaching about the political and social content of mass culture at [[American University]] in Washington, D.C., and then at [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]. He also held classes on political and [[civil rights]] from the [[United States Constitution]] at [[UC Santa Cruz]]. At [[Pepperdine University]] in [[Southern California]], Stein taught [[libel]] law and [[United States securities law]] and its ethical aspects. He was a professor of law at [[Pepperdine University Law School]], from about 1990 to 1997.<ref name=bshome>Ben Stein's [http://www.benstein.com/bio.html official biography]</ref>

In addition, Stein is very interested in [[American Civil War]] history, and is a strong supporter of the [[Civil War Preservation Trust]].

===Writing career===
A frequent writer, Stein has authored books on several topics, including [[economics]]. He writes a regular column in the conservative magazine ''[[The American Spectator]]''. He has also written for numerous publications including ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[New York Magazine]]'', ''[[Penthouse (magazine)|Penthouse]]'', ''Los Angeles Magazine'' and ''[[Barron's Magazine]]'', where his discussion of the [[Michael Milken]] [[Drexel Burnham Lambert]] [[junk bond]] situation, as well as the ethical dimensions of [[management buyouts]], attracted heavy US national attention in the 1980s and 1990s.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} He currently writes a regular column for the Sunday New York Times Business Section and for Yahoo! Finance online.

===Political career===
Stein began his political career as a speechwriter and lawyer for President [[Richard Nixon]], and later for President [[Gerald Ford]]. On [[May 3]], [[1976]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine speculated on the possibility of Stein having actually been [[Deep Throat]]. Stein responded over the years by not only denying he was Deep Throat, but by going further and accusing journalist [[Bob Woodward]] of falsifying the famous secret source. In the May 14–21, 1998, edition of the ''[[Philadelphia City Paper]]'' Stein is quoted saying, "Oh, I don't think there was a Deep Throat. That was a fake. I think there were several different sources and some they just made up."<ref>Interview by Brian Howard: "[http://www.citypaper.net/articles/051498/20q.benstein.shtm 20 Questions: Ben Stein]" ''Philadelphia City Paper'' May, 1998</ref> After [[W. Mark Felt|Mark Felt]]'s identity as [[Deep Throat]] was revealed, Stein stated that [[Richard Nixon]] would have prevented the rise to power of the [[Khmer Rouge]] if he had not been forced to resign. For his actions leading to that resignation, Stein said: <blockquote>If there is such a thing as [[karma]], if there is such a thing as [[justice]] in this life or the next, [[Mark Felt]] has bought himself the worst future of any man on this earth. And [[Bob Woodward]] is right behind him, with [[Ben Bradlee]] bringing up the rear. Out of their smug arrogance and contempt, they hatched the worst nightmare imaginable: [[genocide]].<ref>Stein, Ben: "[http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=8242 Deep Throat and Genocide]", "The American Spectator", June 1, 2005</ref></blockquote>

Some have called Stein a "Nixon apologist" due to his fervent defense of Nixon's legacy. As recently as 2005, in the ''[[American Spectator]]'', Stein said: <blockquote>"Can anyone even remember now what Nixon did that was so terrible? He ended the war in [[Vietnam]], brought home the POW's, ended the war in the Mideast, opened relations with China, started the first nuclear weapons reduction treaty, saved [[Eretz Israel|Eretz Israel's]] life, started the [[EPA|Environmental Protection Administration]]. Does anyone remember what he did that was bad?

Oh, now I remember. He lied. He was a politician who lied. How remarkable. He lied to protect his subordinates who were covering up a ridiculous burglary that no one to this date has any clue about its purpose. He lied so he could stay in office and keep his agenda of peace going. That was his crime. He was a [[peacemaker]] and he wanted to make a world where there was a generation of peace. And he succeeded.

That is his legacy. He was a peacemaker. He was a lying, conniving, covering up peacemaker. He was not a lying, conniving [[drug addict]] like [[John F Kennedy|JFK]], a lying, conniving war starter like [[Lyndon B Johnson|LBJ]], a lying, conniving [[seducer]] like [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]]—a lying, conniving peacemaker."<ref>http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=8242 Deep Throat and Genocide</ref></blockquote>

On 24 June, Stein received the Freedom of Expression Award at the Entertainment Merchants Association’s Home Entertainment Awards for "his outspoken economic and political beliefs."

===Career in the media===
{{cquote2|I've said to my wife repeatedly, I just want on my gravestone, 'He loved dogs' and 'Bueller, Bueller.'|Stein on the impact of ''Ferris Bueller's Day Off'' on his life.<ref>Stein, Ben: "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/09/AR2006010900642.html 'Bueller, Bueller' Edition Almost Saves 'Ferris']", "The Washington Post", January 10, 2006</ref>}}
Despite his prominence as a commentator on politics and economics, Stein is perhaps best known for his career in the entertainment industry, which began as a [[entertainment industry|Hollywood]] [[consultant]] before he moved into acting. His film career was launched by his performance as the monotonic [[economics]] teacher in the 1986 movie ''[[Ferris Bueller's Day Off]]''. In one scene, he gives an unscripted economics lecture, relying on his own experience in economics. He decided to just run with it when the director told him to speak about something he knows well. The only scripted lines are those in which he calls attendance, indelibly phrasing the oft-repeated monotone line: "Bueller?...Bueller?"

Stein excelled at playing these similarly bland and unemotional characters and was subsequently typecast into many roles. He had a recurring role in the TV series ''[[The Wonder Years]]'' and played himself in ''[[Dave (film)|Dave]]''.

He also appeared in several [[television commercials]], most notably for Visine Clear Eyes throughout the 1990s and 2000s ''("The difference is clear...Dry Eyes? Clear Eyes.")''—many ads spoof movies of the day, such as one where Stein is a painter (a play on ''[[The Da Vinci Code (movie)|The Da Vinci Code]]''). Stein's [[deadpan]], monotone deliveries stand in stark contrast to the more typical enthusiasm of commercial personalities. Before this, he appeared for a [[Godfather's Pizza]] ad in 1987 and as a bland science teacher in a 1990 ad for [[Keebler Company|Keebler]] Sprinkle Cookies.

In 1997 Stein was given his own [[game show]] by [[Comedy Central]] titled ''[[Win Ben Stein's Money]]'' along with co-host [[Jimmy Kimmel]] (replaced by [[Nancy Pimental]] and later by [[Sal Iacono]]). True to its name, the money that contestants won on the show was subtracted from the $5000 Stein earned (in addition to his salary). The show won seven [[Emmy]] awards before ending its run in 2003.

In 1999, during the height of ''Win Ben Stein's Money'''s popularity, Comedy Central gave Stein another show, a [[talk show]] with celebrity guests entitled ''Turn Ben Stein On''. One of the mainstays of the show was Stein's dog, Puppy Wuppy, who had free run of the set.

Other movies and television shows in which Ben Stein has appeared include: ''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[Full House]]'', ''[[Casper Meets Wendy]]'', ''[[The Mask (film)|The Mask]]'' and its sequel, ''[[Son of the Mask]]'' as well as the TV show, ''[[The Mask: The Animated Series]]'', ''[[Earthworm Jim (TV series)]]'', ''[[Star Search]]'', ''[[MacGyver]]'', ''[[Richie Rich]]'', ''[[Game Show Moments Gone Bananas]]'', ''[[Cavuto on Business]]'', ''[[The O'Reilly Factor]]'', ''[[CBS News Sunday Morning]]'', ''[[Planes, Trains and Automobiles]]'', ''[[Family Guy]]'', ''[[Fairly Odd Parents]]'', ''[[Duckman]]'', ''[[Married...With Children]]'', and the highly criticized [[intelligent design]] vs. [[evolution]] documentary'', [[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]'' <ref>[http://www.premisemedia.com/EXPELLED-PressRelease_08-22-07.pdf ''Expelled'' Press Release]</ref>

In addition, Stein's voice roles include [[The Pixies (The Fairly OddParents)|The Pixies]] on the [[animated series]] ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'', [[The Emperor's New School|Mr. Purutu]] on the animated Series ''[[The Emperor's New School]]'', Professor Wisenstein in ''[[Bruno the Kid]]'', the birthday party clown on "[[The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]" and [[Pip]] on ''[[Animaniacs]]''. Stein also voiced a psychiatrist, again named after himself, in the USA TV series [[Duckman]]; he once appeared in the sitcom [[Married with Children]] as a receptionist in the animal afterlife. He also made a [[cameo appearance]] in the [[comic book]] [[Young Justice]]; as Ali Ben Styn. Another [[cameo appearance]] was in the [[Family Guy]] episode ''[[When You Wish Upon a Weinstein]]''. The episode was the show's most controversial ever because of its seemingly [[anti-Semitic]] plot, despite the fact that Stein, episode writer Ricky Blitt, and [[Alex Borstein]] (the lead actress and a writer on the show) are [[Jew]]ish.

In addition, Stein has written for the television industry. He is noted for his outlines for the TV movie ''Murder in Mississippi'' and for the lengthy ABC miniseries ''[[Amerika (TV miniseries)|Amerika]]''. He has also contributed to the creation of the well-liked TV [[comedy]] ''[[Fernwood 2-Night]]''.

On May 14, 2006, during an appearance on the [[Fox News]] program [[Your World with Neil Cavuto]], Stein called for a tax increase of 3.5% for wealthy Americans, to be earmarked for soldiers and military initiatives. Indeed, Stein wrote an editorial for ''[[The New York Times]]'' critical of those who would rather make money in the world of finance than fight terrorism.<ref>Stein, Ben: "[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/20/business/yourmoney/20every.html?ex=1313726400&en=59d2227ed9dfee59&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss Looking for the Will Beyond the Battlefield]", "New York Times", August 20, 2006</ref>

Stein is noted for his investment advice. Stein recognized that there was something fishy going on with the accounting at [[MCI Worldcom]] and shorted the stock. He is now a featured writer at Yahoo! Finance.<ref>[http://finance.yahoo.com/columnist/archives/headline/yourlife/2006/1 Ben Stein - Expert Financial Advice Columns on Yahoo! Personal Finance]</ref>

Ben Stein has a show on VH1 called ''[[America's Most Smartest Model]]'',<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1055400/ "America's Most Smartest Model" (2007)]</ref> in which he is the host. The show aims to find the smartest among fourteen models through a series of challenges.<ref>[http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/archives/future_shows/2007_Jun_21_vh1_thursdays reality blurred + VH1 plans America's Most Smartest Model, The Salt-N-Pepa Show, Danny Bonaduce's Child Star, and Click!]</ref>

Ben Stein has also been a regular guest on Glenn Beck's daily show on CNN-HN to comment on various economic and social aspects of life in the United States. Recently Beck accused Ben Stein of being a closet liberal because of an article he wrote in the [[New York Times]] that advocated taxing the wealthy. Beck further accused him of having "inherited his wealth" a contention that Stein denied.

He is an occasional political and economics commentator on [[CNBC]]'s ''[[Kudlow & Company]]''.

==Political views==
===Abortion===
Stein is a [[pro-life]] activist and was given a Pro-Life Award in 2003 by the [[National Right to Life Committee|National Right to Life Educational Trust Fund]].<ref>Richard Kimble, "[http://www.nrlc.org/news/2003/NRL05/tenth_annual_proudly_pro.htm Tenth Annual Proudly Pro-Life Awards Dinner Provides a Powerful Testimony for Life]"</ref>

===Larry Craig scandal===
In 2007, Stein chastised the police and the GOP leadership for their response to the [[Larry Craig]] [[Larry craig#2007 arrest and consequences|scandal]]. Stein said that Craig's sexuality should not be an issue: "A party that believes in individual rights should be rallying to his defense, not making him walk the plank."<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/02/sunday/main3228091.shtml Ben Stein Says Craig Was Lynched Twice] CBS News</ref>

===Taxation===
Though often labeled as a political and economic [[conservative]], Stein has criticized the U.S. [[tax code]] for being too lenient on the wealthy. He has repeated the observation made by [[Warren Buffett]], one of the richest individuals in the world (who pays mostly [[capital gains tax]]), that Buffet pays a lower overall tax rate than his secretaries (who pay [[income tax]]es). Stein has advocated increasing taxation on the wealthy.<ref>Stein, Ben. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/business/yourmoney/26every.html?_r=2&ref=business&oref=slogin&oref=slogin In Class Warfare, Guess Which Class Is Winning]. New York Times. November 26, 2006. </ref>

==Views on science==
Stein has publicly denounced the [[theory of evolution]], which he and other intelligent design advocates term "[[Darwinism#Other_uses|Darwinism]]," declaring it to be "a painful, bloody chapter in the history of ideologies," "the most compelling argument yet for [[Imperialism]]," and the inspiration for the [[Holocaust]].<ref>"Better Than We Deserve," American Spectator 2007 Dec.</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=John | last=Rennie | coauthors= | title=Ben Stein's Expelled: No Integrity Displayed | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=ben-steins-expelled-review-john-rennie | work =Scientific American | pages = | accessdate = 2008-04-12 | language = }}</ref> Stein does not say belief in the theory of evolution alone leads to genocide, but that it is a necessary component.<ref>"Ben Stein's Diary #60: From Boston To Berlin," American Spectator 2007 Sep., [https://www.spectator.org/digspec_mag_Sept07.asp]</ref> He co-wrote and stars in ''[[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]'', a controversial documentary film that links the theory of evolution to the [[eugenics]] movement in [[Nazi Germany]] and to the [[Holocaust]], and portrays advocates of [[intelligent design]] as victims of discrimination by the [[scientific community]], which has widely rejected intelligent design as pseudoscience.<ref name=USATODAY>"This is propaganda, a political rant disguised as a serious commentary on stifled freedom of inquiry." {{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2008-04-17-also-opening_N.htm |title=Also opening: 'Bin Laden,' 'Intelligence,' 'Forbidden Kingdom'|author=Claudia Puig |date=April 18, 2008 |publisher=[[USA Today]].com |accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref><ref name=NYTR/><ref name="sciam-shermer">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=ben-steins-expelled-review-michael-shermer |title=Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed--Ben Stein Launches a Science-free Attack on Darwin |accessdate=2008-04-19 |last=Shermer |first=Michael |date=2008-04-09 |publisher=Scientific American}}</ref> The ''[[Chicago Tribune|Chicago Tribune's]]'' conclusion was "Rating: 1 star (poor),"<ref>{{cite news | first = Moore | last = Roger | title = 'Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed' (Ben Stein monkeys with evolution) | url = http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/chi-18-expelled-review,1,6127461.story | work = [[Chicago Tribune]] | date = | accessdate = 2007-04-24 }}</ref> while the ''[[New York Times]]'' described it as "a conspiracy-theory rant masquerading as investigative inquiry."<ref name=NYTR>{{cite news | first = Jeannette | last = Catsoulis | title = Resentment Over Darwin Evolves Into a Documentary | url = http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/04/18/movies/18expe.html?ref=movies | work = [[New York Times]] | date = 2008-04-18 | accessdate = 2008-04-24}}</ref><ref>National Science Teachers Association, a professional association of 55,000 science teachers and administrators in a 2005 press release: "We stand with the nation's leading scientific organizations and scientists, including Dr. John Marburger, the president's top science advisor, in stating that intelligent design is not science. ...It is simply not fair to present pseudoscience to students in the science classroom."[http://www.nsta.org/pressroom&news_story_ID=50794 National Science Teachers Association Disappointed About Intelligent Design Comments Made by President Bush] National Science Teachers Association Press Release [[August 3]] [[2005]]. • "for most members of the mainstream scientific community, ID is not a scientific theory, but a creationist pseudoscience." [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hsr/fall2005/mu.pdf Trojan Horse or Legitimate Science: Deconstructing the Debate over Intelligent Design] David Mu. Harvard Science Review, Volume 19, Issue 1, Fall 2005. •

"Creationists are repackaging their message as the pseudoscience of intelligent design theory." [http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/per/per26.pdf Professional Ethics Report] American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2001.</ref> Noted evolutionary biologist [[Richard Dawkins]] has strongly criticised Stein's film in an open letter on his website.<ref>[http://richarddawkins.net/article,2488,Open-Letter-to-a-victim-of-Ben-Steins-lying-propaganda,Richard-Dawkins Open Letter to a victim of Ben Stein's lying propaganda]</ref>

In a [[Trinity Broadcasting Network]] interview with [[Paul Crouch]] Jr. regarding Stein's movie,<ref>[http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=NWRmOTU2YzZlN2RhMzhjNzEwNzQ3MzFiZDE2NjM3NWE= Science Equals Murder] (article at National Review Online)</ref> Stein made the following statement about science and religion:

<blockquote>'''Stein:''' When we just saw that man, I think it was [[PZ Myers|Mr. Myers]], talking about how great scientists were, I was thinking to myself the last time any of my relatives saw scientists telling them what to do they were telling them to go to the showers to get gassed … that was horrifying beyond words, and that’s where science — in my opinion, this is just an opinion — that’s where science leads you.</blockquote>
<blockquote>'''Crouch:''' That’s right.</blockquote>
<blockquote>'''Stein:''' …Love of God and compassion and empathy leads you to a very glorious place, and science leads you to killing people.</blockquote>
<blockquote>'''Crouch:''' Good word, good word.</blockquote>

Stein was criticized by the [[Anti-Defamation League]] for the use of the Holocaust to further an anti-evolution agenda.<ref name="ADLstatement">{{cite news | url=http://www.adl.org/PresRele/HolNa_52/5277_52.htm | title=Anti-Evolution Film Misappropriates the Holocaust | publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |date= April 29, 2008 | first= | last= | accessdate =2008-04-30}}</ref> Asked for a comment about this by ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'' writer Peter McKnight for a critical article about ''Expelled'', Stein replied, "It's none of their fucking business.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}"<ref name="SunreviewCanada">{{cite news | url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=f022096b-6832-4ec1-929d-92e8bc337364 | title=No intelligence allowed in Stein's film | publisher=[[Vancouver Sun]] |date= 21 June 2008 | first= | last= | accessdate =2008-07-17}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Stein is married to entertainment lawyer [[Alexandra Denman]], with whom he has an adopted son.<ref name=imdbbio /> He lives with Denman in [[Beverly Hills]] and [[Malibu, California|Malibu]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendid=93744710 | title=Ben Stein | publisher=[[MySpace]] |date= 2008 | first= | last= | accessdate =2008-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=8242 | title=Ben Stein | publisher=[[The American Spectator]] |date= 2005-06-01 | first=Ben | last=Stein | accessdate =2008-05-17}}</ref> Stein also has a summer home in [[Sandpoint, Idaho]].{{Fact|date=September 2008}}

==Books authored==
Stein's book titles to date (7 fiction, 21 nonfiction) include:

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Publisher !! ISBN
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1978 in literature|1978]]
|-
|''On the Brink: A Novel''
(Herbert Stein - Coauthor)
|Ballantine Books
|ISBN 0-345-27650-7
|-
|[[1978 in literature|1978]]
|''Dreemz''
(Hardcover: ''California Dreemz'')
|Ballantine Books
|ISBN 0-345-28156-X
|-
|[[1979 in literature|1979]]
|''The View from Sunset Boulevard: America as brought to you by the people who make television''
|
|
|-
|[[1982 in literature|1982]]
|''Ludes''
|
|
|-
|[[1985 in literature|1985]]
|''Financial Passages''
|
|
|-
|[[1986 in literature|1986]]
|''Her Only Sin''
|
|ISBN 0-312-90636-6
|-
|[[1988 in literature|1988]]
|''Hollywood Days, Hollywood Nights: the Diary of a Mad Screenwriter''
|
|
|-
|[[1992 in literature|1992]]
|''A License to Steal: the Untold Story of Michael Milken and the Conspiracy to Bilk the Nation''
|
|ISBN 0671742728
|-
|[[2002 in literature|2002]]
|''How to Ruin Your Life''
|
|ISBN 1-56170-974-3
|-
|[[2003 in literature|2003]]
|''How to Ruin Your Love Life''
|
|ISBN 1-4019-0240-5
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[2004 in literature|2004]]
|''How to Ruin Your Financial Life''
|
|ISBN 1-4019-0241-3
|-
|''Can America Survive? The Rage of the Left, the Truth, and What to Do About It''
|
|ISBN 1-4019-0333-9
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[2005 in literature|2005]]
|''Yes, You Can Be a Successful Income Investor: Reaching for Yield in Today's Market''
|
|ISBN 1-4019-0319-3
|-
|''Yes, You Can Still Retire Comfortably: The Baby-Boom Retirement Crisis and how to Beat It''
|
|ISBN 1-4019-0318-5
|-
|[[2006 in literature|2006]]
|''How Successful People Win: Using "Bunkhouse Logic" to Get What You Want in Life''
|
|ISBN 1-56170-975-1
|-
|[[2007 in literature|2007]]
|''The Real Stars: In Today's America, Who Are the True Heroes?''
| New Beginnings Press
|ISBN 1-40191-144-7
|-
|[[2008 in literature|2008]]
|''How to Ruin the United States of America''
|
|ISBN 1-40191-869-7
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*{{imdb name|id=0825401|name=Ben Stein}}
*[http://www.nrlc.org/news/2003/NRL05/tenth_annual_proudly_pro.htm Ben Stein's remarks upon being awarded one of the NRLC's Proudly Pro-Life Awards]
*[http://expelledthemovie.com/ Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed movie starring Ben Stein], see also [[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]
*[http://finance.yahoo.com/expert/archive/yourlife/ben-stein/1 Ben Stein's column on Yahoo! Finance]
* [http://evadethenoise.com/2008/07/10/expelled-no-intelligence-allowed/ Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]
*[http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=10117 Out of Disproportion (editorial)]
*[http://fora.tv/2008/01/24/Ben_Stein_on_How_Not_to_Ruin_Your_Life Video of Ben Stein speaking at The Commonwealth Club of California]
*[http://www.richarddawkins.net/article,2400,Expelled-Overview,Josh-Timonen-RichardDawkinsnet Expelled Overview by Josh Timonen, RichardDawkins.net]

{{start box}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box |before = [[Pat Sajak]] |title = [[Daytime Emmy Awards|Daytime Emmy Award]] for Outstanding Game Show Host |years = 1999 with [[Jimmy Kimmel]] |after = [[Bob Barker]] and [[Tom Bergeron]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stein, Ben}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:American comedians]]
[[Category:American federal lawyers]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American game show hosts]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:American lawyers]]
[[Category:American speechwriters]]
[[Category:American television actors]]
[[Category:American television personalities]]
[[Category:American University faculty and staff]]
[[Category:California writers]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Connecticut lawyers]]
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Game show hosts]]
[[Category:Intelligent design advocates]]
[[Category:Jewish-American conservatism]]
[[Category:Jewish actors]]
[[Category:Jewish American writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maryland writers]]
[[Category:People in three or more occupations]]
[[Category:People from Beverly Hills, California]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery County, Maryland]]
[[Category:People from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:University of California, Santa Cruz faculty]]
[[Category:Watergate figures]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C. actors]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C. lawyers]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C. writers]]
[[Category:Yale Law School alumni]]

[[fr:Ben Stein]]
[[simple:Ben Stein]]
[[ja:ベン・スタイン]]
[[sv:Ben Stein]]

Lewis & Clark College

2008-09-30T02:15:52Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Notable alumni */

{{ Infobox University
|name = Lewis & Clark College
|image_name = Lewis and clark college seal.gif
|image_size = 160px
|motto = Explorare, Discere, Sociare ([[Latin]])
|mottoeng = To explore, to learn, to work together
|established = [[1867]]
|type = [[Private school|Private]]
|president = Thomas J. Hochstettler
|city = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
|state = [[Oregon|OR]]
|country = [[United States|USA]]
|campus = [[Suburb]]an, 137 acres
|students =
|undergrad = 1,964 (fall 2005)
|postgrad = 1,469 (fall 2005)
|staff = 745 (All three schools)
|mascot = Pioneers
|endowment = $224.5 million <ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/about/ About Lewis & Clark - Quick Facts] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
|website = [http://www.lclark.edu www.lclark.edu]
|}}
'''Lewis & Clark College''' is a [[Private school|private]], [[Independent school|independent]], [[Liberal arts colleges in the United States|liberal arts college]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], [[United States]]. It was founded as the Albany Collegiate Institute in [[1867]] in the town of [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]], 65 miles south of Portland by [[Willamette Valley]] [[Presbyterian]] pioneers, and relocated to Portland in 1938. The College has been coeducational since the first class, which graduated in 1873.

In 1942 the College trustees acquired the Lloyd Frank (of the historic Portland department store [[Meier & Frank]]) “Fir Acres” estate in [[Portland, Oregon#Southwest Neighborhoods, Inc. (SWNI)|Southwest Portland]], and adopted the name Lewis & Clark College as a “symbol of the pioneering spirit that had made and maintained the College.” Today, the three schools of the College and their supporting offices occupy a campus of 137 acres (554,000 m²), centered on the Frank estate on Palatine Hill in the [[Collins View, Portland, Oregon|Collins View]] neighborhood of Southwest Portland.

==History==
The college was founded as the Albany Academy in [[Albany, Oregon]], with incorporation in 1858.<ref name=Oregon>Corning, Howard M. ''Dictionary of Oregon History''. Binfords & Mort Publishing, 1956.</ref> In 1866, the school name was changed to Albany Collegiate Institution, and the next year the Presbyterian church founded Albany College.<ref name=Oregon/> The early school’s campus of seven acres in Albany was situated on land donated by the Monteith family. In 1892, the original school building was enlarged, and in 1925 the school re-located south of Albany where it remained until 1937.<ref name=Oregon/> A junior college was established in 1934 in Portland, with the entire school moving to Portland in 1939.<ref name=Oregon/> In 1942, the school name was changed to Lewis & Clark College and the current campus was purchased.<ref name=Oregon/> The original school mascots, the Pirates, was changed to the Pioneers in 1946.

==Academics==
[[Image:Frank Manor House-Lewis & Clark College.png|thumb|right|Frank Manor House, home to Lewis & Clark College administration]]
The three schools of the College include the College of Arts and Sciences, the [[Lewis & Clark Law School|Law School]], and the Graduate School of Education and Counseling.

CAS departments include [[Art]], East Asian Studies, [[English studies|English]], [[Foreign Language|Foreign Languages and Literatures]] ([[French language|French]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[German language|German]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Latin]], [[Russian language|Russian]], and [[Japanese language|Japanese]]), [[History]], [[Music]], [[Philosophy]], [[Religious Studies]], [[Theatre]], [[Biology]], [[Chemistry]], [[Computer Science]] & [[Mathematics]], [[Environmental Studies]], [[Physics]], [[Communication]], [[Economics]], [[Classical Studies]], [[Gender Studies]], [[International Affairs]], [[Political Science]], [[Psychology]], [[Sociology]] and [[Anthropology]], and [[English as an additional language|Academic English Studies]].

Lewis & Clark has nationally-regarded programs in Biology, International Affairs, Psychology and Environmental Studies, and several Political Science students have recently received prestigious awards in that field.<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/public/awards.html National Student Awards] Lewis & Clark College</ref> A surprising number of classical musicians have emerged from the college, considering its size, and several music areas are returning to a prominence the music department once enjoyed, most notably the piano performance area. The college has held two worldwide symphonic festivals in the past five years with professional-level performances in Dublin and the Greek islands.

==Rankings==
Lewis & Clark is ranked 80th in the list of best liberal arts colleges in [[U.S. News & World Report]]'s 2008 rankings.<ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1libartco_brief.php Liberal Arts Colleges: Top Schools] America's Best Colleges 2008 - U.S. News & World Report</ref>

==Campus Life==

===Housing===

[[Image:Stewart - Lewis & Clark College.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Stewart Residence Hall]]
All students are required to live on campus for the first two years.<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/reslife/gen_info.html Housing Information] Lewis & Clark College</ref> Residence complexes include SOA (Stewart-Odell-Akin), Forest, Hartzfeld, Platt-Howard, and Copeland. Residence halls open to all students are Stewart, Odell, Akin, Copeland, Platt West, Platt East, Howard, and the Forest Buildings (Ponderosa, Spruce, Juniper (women only), Manzanita, and Alder. Several of the student residence halls have themes. Stewart is "Substance Free/Wellness", providing a home for those who wish to live in a drug and alcohol-free environment. Akin is known as the "Multicultural Dorm", hosting a handful students from outside of the United States as well as many U.S. students interested in international cultures. Platt-Howard, home of the Platteau student-run arts center, hosts the "Visual and Performing Arts" (or VAPA) and "Outdoor Pursuits Floor". Hartzfeld is an extended quiet-hours community; it requires sophomore standing or higher to live in. East Hall, Roberts Hall and West Hall are a series of on-campus apartments completed in 2003 and require junior class standing or higher to live in.

==Transportation==
The college operates shuttle buses between campus and downtown Portland. The most notable of these shuttles travels between the college and [[Pioneer Courthouse Square|Pioneer Square]] (called the ''Pio Express'', or colloquially ''The Raz''). [[TriMet]] line 39 also operates between the college and the Burlingame transit center, where students can transfer to buses to downtown Portland.

First year students are not permitted to have cars on campus, though sophomores, juniors and seniors are allowed to pay for a parking permit. Different permits exist for residential, commuting, and carpool students. Parking spaces are at a premium on this residential campus, leading to expensive semester or year-long permits.

==Notable faculty, staff, and trustees==
[[Image:Miller - Lewis & Clark College.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Miller Center for the Humanities]]
* [[Stephen Dow Beckham]], [[historian]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/faculty/beckham/ Stephen Dow Beckham] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* Greta Binford, [[biologist]]<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/03/05/070305fa_fact_bilger "Spider Woman"] ''The New Yorker'', March 5, 2007</ref>
* [[John F. Callahan]], Morgan S. Odell Professor of Humanities and literary executor of [[Ralph Ellison]]'s estate
* [[Robert B. Pamplin, Jr.]], entrepreneur, philanthropist, trustee<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/trustees/ Board of Trustees, 2007-08] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* [[Vern Rutsala]], [[poet]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/cgi-bin/shownews.cgi?1138217340.0 Rutsala gives reading at Lewis & Clark] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* [[Anthony Swofford]], former [[adjunct professor]] of [[humanities]], author of [[Jarhead (book)|Jarhead]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/connect/publications.html Publications and Presentations] Campus Connections</ref>
* [[Kim Stafford]], writer<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/~krs/ Kim Stafford's Home Page] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* [[William Stafford]], [[poet]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/~lotl/volume5issue5/stafford.html An Unknown Treasure Among Us: The Work of Lewis & Clark’s Own William Stafford] Letter of the Law</ref>
* [[Mary Szybist]], [[poet]]<ref>[http://www.epoetry.org/issues/issue7/text/prose/kryah1.htm ''Granted'' - Mary Szybist] Electronic Potery Review</ref>
* Michael Mooney - President of the College for 14 years until his resignation in 2003 after reports surfaced in the media of a $10.5 million loss from an investment made outside full knowledge of the board of trustees.<ref>[http://www.wweek.com/story.php?story=4029 Lewis & Clark's Michael Mooney: The Real Story] Willamette Week</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
[[Image:Yellow Roses - Lewis & Clark College.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Roses are abundant at Lewis & Clark College.]]
* [[Jason Anderson]], musician also known as Wolf Colonel<ref>[http://music.msn.com/artist/?artist=16445635&menu=bio]music.MSN</ref>
* [[Becca Bernstein]] ('00), artist
* [[Earl Blumenauer]] ('70, JD '76), [[US Representative]]<ref>[http://www.congress.org/congressorg/bio/?id=494 Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-OR 3rd)] Congress.org</ref>
* [[Don Bonker]] ('64), former US Representative<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000620] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</ref>
* [[Larry Campbell (Oregon politician)|Larry Campbell]] ('53), former [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the [[Oregon House of Representatives]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/~alumni/awards.html] Lewis & Clark College Past Alumni Award Recipients</ref>
* [[Ever Carradine]] ('96), actress<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/carradine.html Ever Carradine '96] Lewis & Clark Alumni</ref>
* Serena Cruz ('89), [[Multnomah County]] Commissioner<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/cruz.html Serena Cruz Walsh '89] Lewis & Clark Alumni</ref>
* [[Genevieve Gorder]] ('96), television personality<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/chron/class1990sw04.html Class News - 1990s] Lewis & Clark Chronicle</ref>
* [[Percy R. Kelly]] (1887 from Albany College), Chief Justice of the [[Oregon Supreme Court]]
* [[Monica Lewinsky]] ('95), woman with whom [[United States President]] [[Bill Clinton]] admitted to having had an "inappropriate relationship"<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/clinton081898.htm |title=Clinton Admits to Lewinsky Relationship, Challenges Starr to End Personal 'Prying' |first=Peter |last=Baker |coauthors=John F. Harris |work=Washington Post |date=August 18, 1998 |page=A01}}</ref><ref>[http://www.piolog.net/index.php/site/article/733 Media frenzy descends on Lewis & Clark] Pioneer Log</ref>
* [[Ronald A. Marks]] ('78), former CIA official<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/marks_ronald.html Ronald A. Marks] Lewis & Clark Alumni</ref>
* [[Myah Moore]] ('03), [[Miss Oregon USA]] 2003<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/cgi-bin/shownews.cgi?1040071740.2 Moore wins Miss Oregon USA title] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* Gísli Þór Reynisson ('89), Wealthy Financier with net worth around $800 Million<ref>[http://dv.is/frettir/2008/7/16/bjorgolfur-thor-rikastur-hannes-hrapar/] DV: Richest people in Iceland</ref>
* [[Markie Post]] ('75), actress
* Doug Tunnel ('72), Former [[CBS]] news correspondent and current owner of BrickHouse Winery
* [[Pete Ward]] ('62), [[Major League Baseball]] player<ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/41403/ Pete Ward] Sports Illustrated</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*Lewis & Clark College (2005). [http://www.lclark.edu/COLLEGE/DEPAR/index.html "Academics"]. Retrieved [[July 26]], [[2005]].
*Princeton Review (2006). [http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/profiles/rankings.asp?listing=1023289&LTID=1&intbucketid=]

== External links ==
*[http://www.lclark.edu/ Lewis and Clark College]
*[http://education.lclark.edu/ Graduate School of Education and Counseling]
*[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/ Lewis and Clark College Alumni]
*[http://www.klcradio.net/ KLC Radio] - Lewis and Clark's radio station
*[http://www.piolog.net The Pioneer Log] - Lewis & Clark's weekly newspaper
*[http://www.lclark.edu/org/aslc Associated Students of Lewis & Clark College] - Student Government
*[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/imdata/cds.html Lewis & Clark College Common Data Set] Lots of information about the college, all in standardized form.

{{Northwest Conference}}
{{Northwest Collegiate Rowing Conference}}
{{Annapolis Group}}
{{coord|45.450891|-122.670117|display=title|type:edu}}

[[Category:Liberal arts colleges]]
[[Category:Education in Portland, Oregon]]
[[Category:Lewis & Clark College| ]]

[[no:Lewis & Clark College]]

Lewis & Clark College

2008-09-30T02:15:13Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Notable alumni */ lewinski wasn't notable for being an intern

{{ Infobox University
|name = Lewis & Clark College
|image_name = Lewis and clark college seal.gif
|image_size = 160px
|motto = Explorare, Discere, Sociare ([[Latin]])
|mottoeng = To explore, to learn, to work together
|established = [[1867]]
|type = [[Private school|Private]]
|president = Thomas J. Hochstettler
|city = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
|state = [[Oregon|OR]]
|country = [[United States|USA]]
|campus = [[Suburb]]an, 137 acres
|students =
|undergrad = 1,964 (fall 2005)
|postgrad = 1,469 (fall 2005)
|staff = 745 (All three schools)
|mascot = Pioneers
|endowment = $224.5 million <ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/about/ About Lewis & Clark - Quick Facts] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
|website = [http://www.lclark.edu www.lclark.edu]
|}}
'''Lewis & Clark College''' is a [[Private school|private]], [[Independent school|independent]], [[Liberal arts colleges in the United States|liberal arts college]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], [[United States]]. It was founded as the Albany Collegiate Institute in [[1867]] in the town of [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]], 65 miles south of Portland by [[Willamette Valley]] [[Presbyterian]] pioneers, and relocated to Portland in 1938. The College has been coeducational since the first class, which graduated in 1873.

In 1942 the College trustees acquired the Lloyd Frank (of the historic Portland department store [[Meier & Frank]]) “Fir Acres” estate in [[Portland, Oregon#Southwest Neighborhoods, Inc. (SWNI)|Southwest Portland]], and adopted the name Lewis & Clark College as a “symbol of the pioneering spirit that had made and maintained the College.” Today, the three schools of the College and their supporting offices occupy a campus of 137 acres (554,000 m²), centered on the Frank estate on Palatine Hill in the [[Collins View, Portland, Oregon|Collins View]] neighborhood of Southwest Portland.

==History==
The college was founded as the Albany Academy in [[Albany, Oregon]], with incorporation in 1858.<ref name=Oregon>Corning, Howard M. ''Dictionary of Oregon History''. Binfords & Mort Publishing, 1956.</ref> In 1866, the school name was changed to Albany Collegiate Institution, and the next year the Presbyterian church founded Albany College.<ref name=Oregon/> The early school’s campus of seven acres in Albany was situated on land donated by the Monteith family. In 1892, the original school building was enlarged, and in 1925 the school re-located south of Albany where it remained until 1937.<ref name=Oregon/> A junior college was established in 1934 in Portland, with the entire school moving to Portland in 1939.<ref name=Oregon/> In 1942, the school name was changed to Lewis & Clark College and the current campus was purchased.<ref name=Oregon/> The original school mascots, the Pirates, was changed to the Pioneers in 1946.

==Academics==
[[Image:Frank Manor House-Lewis & Clark College.png|thumb|right|Frank Manor House, home to Lewis & Clark College administration]]
The three schools of the College include the College of Arts and Sciences, the [[Lewis & Clark Law School|Law School]], and the Graduate School of Education and Counseling.

CAS departments include [[Art]], East Asian Studies, [[English studies|English]], [[Foreign Language|Foreign Languages and Literatures]] ([[French language|French]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[German language|German]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Latin]], [[Russian language|Russian]], and [[Japanese language|Japanese]]), [[History]], [[Music]], [[Philosophy]], [[Religious Studies]], [[Theatre]], [[Biology]], [[Chemistry]], [[Computer Science]] & [[Mathematics]], [[Environmental Studies]], [[Physics]], [[Communication]], [[Economics]], [[Classical Studies]], [[Gender Studies]], [[International Affairs]], [[Political Science]], [[Psychology]], [[Sociology]] and [[Anthropology]], and [[English as an additional language|Academic English Studies]].

Lewis & Clark has nationally-regarded programs in Biology, International Affairs, Psychology and Environmental Studies, and several Political Science students have recently received prestigious awards in that field.<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/public/awards.html National Student Awards] Lewis & Clark College</ref> A surprising number of classical musicians have emerged from the college, considering its size, and several music areas are returning to a prominence the music department once enjoyed, most notably the piano performance area. The college has held two worldwide symphonic festivals in the past five years with professional-level performances in Dublin and the Greek islands.

==Rankings==
Lewis & Clark is ranked 80th in the list of best liberal arts colleges in [[U.S. News & World Report]]'s 2008 rankings.<ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1libartco_brief.php Liberal Arts Colleges: Top Schools] America's Best Colleges 2008 - U.S. News & World Report</ref>

==Campus Life==

===Housing===

[[Image:Stewart - Lewis & Clark College.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Stewart Residence Hall]]
All students are required to live on campus for the first two years.<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/reslife/gen_info.html Housing Information] Lewis & Clark College</ref> Residence complexes include SOA (Stewart-Odell-Akin), Forest, Hartzfeld, Platt-Howard, and Copeland. Residence halls open to all students are Stewart, Odell, Akin, Copeland, Platt West, Platt East, Howard, and the Forest Buildings (Ponderosa, Spruce, Juniper (women only), Manzanita, and Alder. Several of the student residence halls have themes. Stewart is "Substance Free/Wellness", providing a home for those who wish to live in a drug and alcohol-free environment. Akin is known as the "Multicultural Dorm", hosting a handful students from outside of the United States as well as many U.S. students interested in international cultures. Platt-Howard, home of the Platteau student-run arts center, hosts the "Visual and Performing Arts" (or VAPA) and "Outdoor Pursuits Floor". Hartzfeld is an extended quiet-hours community; it requires sophomore standing or higher to live in. East Hall, Roberts Hall and West Hall are a series of on-campus apartments completed in 2003 and require junior class standing or higher to live in.

==Transportation==
The college operates shuttle buses between campus and downtown Portland. The most notable of these shuttles travels between the college and [[Pioneer Courthouse Square|Pioneer Square]] (called the ''Pio Express'', or colloquially ''The Raz''). [[TriMet]] line 39 also operates between the college and the Burlingame transit center, where students can transfer to buses to downtown Portland.

First year students are not permitted to have cars on campus, though sophomores, juniors and seniors are allowed to pay for a parking permit. Different permits exist for residential, commuting, and carpool students. Parking spaces are at a premium on this residential campus, leading to expensive semester or year-long permits.

==Notable faculty, staff, and trustees==
[[Image:Miller - Lewis & Clark College.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Miller Center for the Humanities]]
* [[Stephen Dow Beckham]], [[historian]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/faculty/beckham/ Stephen Dow Beckham] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* Greta Binford, [[biologist]]<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/03/05/070305fa_fact_bilger "Spider Woman"] ''The New Yorker'', March 5, 2007</ref>
* [[John F. Callahan]], Morgan S. Odell Professor of Humanities and literary executor of [[Ralph Ellison]]'s estate
* [[Robert B. Pamplin, Jr.]], entrepreneur, philanthropist, trustee<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/trustees/ Board of Trustees, 2007-08] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* [[Vern Rutsala]], [[poet]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/cgi-bin/shownews.cgi?1138217340.0 Rutsala gives reading at Lewis & Clark] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* [[Anthony Swofford]], former [[adjunct professor]] of [[humanities]], author of [[Jarhead (book)|Jarhead]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/connect/publications.html Publications and Presentations] Campus Connections</ref>
* [[Kim Stafford]], writer<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/~krs/ Kim Stafford's Home Page] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* [[William Stafford]], [[poet]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/~lotl/volume5issue5/stafford.html An Unknown Treasure Among Us: The Work of Lewis & Clark’s Own William Stafford] Letter of the Law</ref>
* [[Mary Szybist]], [[poet]]<ref>[http://www.epoetry.org/issues/issue7/text/prose/kryah1.htm ''Granted'' - Mary Szybist] Electronic Potery Review</ref>
* Michael Mooney - President of the College for 14 years until his resignation in 2003 after reports surfaced in the media of a $10.5 million loss from an investment made outside full knowledge of the board of trustees.<ref>[http://www.wweek.com/story.php?story=4029 Lewis & Clark's Michael Mooney: The Real Story] Willamette Week</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
[[Image:Yellow Roses - Lewis & Clark College.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Roses are abundant at Lewis & Clark College.]]
* [[Jason Anderson]], musician also known as Wolf Colonel<ref>[http://music.msn.com/artist/?artist=16445635&menu=bio]music.MSN</ref>
* [[Becca Bernstein]] ('00), artist
* [[Earl Blumenauer]] ('70, JD '76), [[US Representative]]<ref>[http://www.congress.org/congressorg/bio/?id=494 Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-OR 3rd)] Congress.org</ref>
* [[Don Bonker]] ('64), former US Representative<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000620] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</ref>
* [[Larry Campbell (Oregon politician)|Larry Campbell]] ('53), former [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the [[Oregon House of Representatives]]<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/~alumni/awards.html] Lewis & Clark College Past Alumni Award Recipients</ref>
* [[Ever Carradine]] ('96), actress<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/carradine.html Ever Carradine '96] Lewis & Clark Alumni</ref>
* Serena Cruz ('89), [[Multnomah County]] Commissioner<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/cruz.html Serena Cruz Walsh '89] Lewis & Clark Alumni</ref>
* [[Genevieve Gorder]] ('96), television personality<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/chron/class1990sw04.html Class News - 1990s] Lewis & Clark Chronicle</ref>
* [[Percy R. Kelly]] (1887 from Albany College), Chief Justice of the [[Oregon Supreme Court]]
* [[Monica Lewinsky]] ('95), woman with whom then-[[United States President]] [[Bill Clinton]] admitted to having had an "inappropriate relationship"<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/clinton081898.htm |title=Clinton Admits to Lewinsky Relationship, Challenges Starr to End Personal 'Prying' |first=Peter |last=Baker |coauthors=John F. Harris |work=Washington Post |date=August 18, 1998 |page=A01}}</ref><ref>[http://www.piolog.net/index.php/site/article/733 Media frenzy descends on Lewis & Clark] Pioneer Log</ref>
* [[Ronald A. Marks]] ('78), former CIA official<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/marks_ronald.html Ronald A. Marks] Lewis & Clark Alumni</ref>
* [[Myah Moore]] ('03), [[Miss Oregon USA]] 2003<ref>[http://www.lclark.edu/cgi-bin/shownews.cgi?1040071740.2 Moore wins Miss Oregon USA title] Lewis & Clark College</ref>
* Gísli Þór Reynisson ('89), Wealthy Financier with net worth around $800 Million<ref>[http://dv.is/frettir/2008/7/16/bjorgolfur-thor-rikastur-hannes-hrapar/] DV: Richest people in Iceland</ref>
* [[Markie Post]] ('75), actress
* Doug Tunnel ('72), Former [[CBS]] news correspondent and current owner of BrickHouse Winery
* [[Pete Ward]] ('62), [[Major League Baseball]] player<ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/mlb/players/41403/ Pete Ward] Sports Illustrated</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*Lewis & Clark College (2005). [http://www.lclark.edu/COLLEGE/DEPAR/index.html "Academics"]. Retrieved [[July 26]], [[2005]].
*Princeton Review (2006). [http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/profiles/rankings.asp?listing=1023289&LTID=1&intbucketid=]

== External links ==
*[http://www.lclark.edu/ Lewis and Clark College]
*[http://education.lclark.edu/ Graduate School of Education and Counseling]
*[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/alumni/ Lewis and Clark College Alumni]
*[http://www.klcradio.net/ KLC Radio] - Lewis and Clark's radio station
*[http://www.piolog.net The Pioneer Log] - Lewis & Clark's weekly newspaper
*[http://www.lclark.edu/org/aslc Associated Students of Lewis & Clark College] - Student Government
*[http://www.lclark.edu/dept/imdata/cds.html Lewis & Clark College Common Data Set] Lots of information about the college, all in standardized form.

{{Northwest Conference}}
{{Northwest Collegiate Rowing Conference}}
{{Annapolis Group}}
{{coord|45.450891|-122.670117|display=title|type:edu}}

[[Category:Liberal arts colleges]]
[[Category:Education in Portland, Oregon]]
[[Category:Lewis & Clark College| ]]

[[no:Lewis & Clark College]]

Vargas (Bundesstaat)

2008-03-10T23:14:13Z

Hamsterlopithecus:

{{VenezuelanState New
| name = Vargas
|image_flag = Flag of Vargas State.svg
|image_coa = Escudo_vargas.PNG
|state_motto = Igualdad, Libertad, Propiedad y Seguridad. ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: Equality, Liberty, Property and Security)
|image_map = Venezuela-vargas.jpg
|date_creation = [[1998]]
|capital = [[La Güaira]]
|area = 1,496
|area_percentage = 0,16
|area_percentage_rank =22nd
|population = 332,900
|year_estimate = 2007
|population_percentage = 1,29
|population_percentage_rank = 21st
|emblematic_tree = N/A
|binomial_name = N/A
|ISO_code = VE-X
|governor = Antonio Rodríguez San Juan
|mandate_start = 2004
|mandate_end = 2008
|website = http://www.estadovargas.gov.ve
|website_name = Gobernación del Estado Vargas
|footnotes =
|}}

'''Estado Vargas''' is one of the 23 [[States of Venezuela|states ''(estados)'']] of [[Venezuela]]. Named after Venezuela's first non-military president, [[José María Vargas]], Vargas comprises a coastal region in the north of Venezuela, bordering [[Aragua]] to the west, [[Miranda (state)|Miranda]] to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the [[Venezuelan Capital District|Capital District]] to the south. It is home to both the country's largest [[port|seaport]] and airport. The state capital is [[La Guaira]].

In [[1999]] the geographic center of Vargas state suffered major floods and landslides, known as [[1999 Vargas mudslide|La Tragedia de Vargas (the Vargas Tragedy)]], causing major losses of life and property, and resulting in forced population movements including the virtual disappearance of some small towns. Thousands died, and many more fled the area to other states.

== History ==
[[Image:Montañasdeslave.jpg|thumb|left|290px|A section of the Vargas state after the 1999 Tragedy - notice the scars in the mountains due to the mudslides.]]
This region of Venezuela has undergone important changes over the years, and while the geographical borders have remained, the territorial delineation has varied. The area was previously one of the departments of the Venezuela's Federal District (the other being the Libertador department, now [[Libertador Municipality (Venezuelan Capital District)|Libertador Municipality]]), and the governor of this region was chosen by the national government. The area later evolved into a municipality, but was still dependent on the governor of the Federal District. In the [[1990s]] there were increased calls for Vargas to become a separate entity, distinct from [[Caracas]]. In [[1998]] the government of [[Rafael Caldera]] decreed Vargas as an independent municipality, separate from the Federal District, with the statute of Federal Territory. Shortly after it became the 23rd state of [[Venezuela]].

In mid-December [[1999]], after several days of ever-increasing rains pouring over the [[Cordillera de la Costa Central|Central Mountain Range]] and the [[piedmont]] within the span of 24 hours along the coastline for about 45 Km., the state suffered from [[1999 Vargas mudslide|massive floods]] which resulted in severe losses of life and property. In its wake as of December 16, the surviving population witnessed the massive destruction of most of the state infrastructure, including the collapse of most roads, bridges, housings, public and private buildings, and of basic services as electricity and communications; in which thousands were killed or missing. Official estimates some 50,000 dead or missing, but the real figure may be much higher. In the following weeks nearly the entire state's population was displaced. Locals refer to the Dec. 1999 disaster as "La Tragedia de Vargas" (the Vargas' Tragedy). Such climatic phenomenon (of extraordinarily high rainfall levels) appears to be periodical, having a cycle of about 70 years, and probably has occurred hundreds, perhaps thousands of times since a distant past.

== Geography ==
===Geology===
The geology of the state, corresponds with the Coast Mountain range. It has as geologic limit, the fault of ''La Victoria'', where the rocks of the ''Gran Caracas'' group arise, on the igneous-Metamorphico plinth of the ''Sebastopol Complex'' of the inferior Paleozoic. Also they are located the formation: ''Peña de Mora'' of the Mesozoic, the ''Migmático Complex'' of ''Todasana'' of the superior Cretaceous, the formation of ''Las Pailas del plioceno tardío'', and the ''Abisina'' formation composed by sea sediments.

===Relief===
It is formed by one narrow coastal area on the Caribbean Sea, of about 160 km of length, that falls steeply to the sea. It compares to this line rises the mountainous area of the Coast, that reaches heights superior to the 2000 ms, being the hills, ''Agustín Codazzi'' (2 425m.s.n.m), and ''Naiguatá'' (2 765 m.s.n.m) as well as the Row of Avila.
[[Image:LaGuaira2004-9.jpg|thumb|290px|right|La Guaira from [[Cerro El Ávila|El Cerro el Ávila]]]]

===Climate===
It is classified like Tropical-Warm. The annual average temperature oscillates between 25,6º and 27º Celsius. According to the climatic classification of Koeppen, the climate is of steppe characterized by the dryness, because the evaporation surpasses precipitations. The annual precipitation goes of 1530 to 900 mm.

===Hydrography===
The water obstacles that end to the sea are of low volume, short passage and torrential behavior. Between the rivers, they emphasize: ''Chuspa, Caruao, Todasana, San José de Macuto, Mamo, Los Caracas, Osma, La Sabana, Maya, Chichiriviche, Oricao, Limón, Naiguatá'' and ''San Julián''.

===Vegetation===
The dry-tropical forest forms a parallel strip to the coast, with species like: ''cují, dividivi, [[araguaney]], indio desnudo'', ''[[ceiba]]'', ''[[Enterolobium cyclocarpum|caro-caro]]'', ''almendron'', [[mango]], and ''[[Sandbox Tree|jabillo]]'', among many others.

==Geopolitical division==
[[Image:Vargas state map.png|thumb|290px|right|Vargas state map]]
[[Image:Guipuzcoana house.jpg |thumb|290px|right|''Guipuzcoana house'' seat of the state government]]
In [[1825]], La Guaira conforms the Province of [[Caracas]]. In [[1850]], Maiquetía is created. In [[1864]], [[La Guaira]] and [[Maiquetía]] form a District. In [[1872]] is created the Federal District and in [[1904]] is divided in two parts, one of them of the Vargas Department. In [[1986]] Vargas is declared independent municipality, but part of the Federal District. In [[1998]] the state is created. At the moment it divides in one municipality and eleven parishes.
*Vargas State covers a total surface area of 1,497 km².
===Municipality===
#Vargas ([[La Guaira]])

===Parishes===
*[[Caraballeda]]
*[[Carayaca]]
*Carlos Soublette (Maiquetía)
*Caruao (La Sabana)
*[[Catia La Mar]]
*[[El Junco]]
*[[La Guaira]]
*[[Macuto, Venezuela|Macuto]]
*[[Maiquetía]]
*[[Naiguatá]]
*Raul Leoni (Catia La Mar)

==Law and government==
*'''State government''': The [[constitution of Venezuela]] specifies that the state government is divided into [[executive (government)|executive]] and [[legislative]] branches. The executive government is directed by the [[governor]], while the legislative government is managed by the Legislative council. The Governor of Vargas is the head of the executive power of the state. According to the 160 article of the [[Constitution of Venezuela]], ''the governor must be Venezuelan, greater of twenty-five years and Secularity state'', is chosen by a four years term, by simple majority, and can be reelected by another period.
*'''Municipal government''': The [[constitution of Venezuela]] specifies that municipal governments be divided into [[executive (government)|executive]] and [[legislative]] branches. The executive government of the municipality is governed by the mayor, while the legislative government is managed by the Municipal council.

== Economy ==
[[Image:Maiquetiaairport.jpg|thumb|290px|Simon Bolivar International Airport]]
The main economic activity of the state has turned around the Harbor and the Airport. Additionally to these primary activities, before the [[1999]] Tragedy, the state had an intense local and foreign visitor activity, with growing investment in residential areas, social clubs, Hotels, Restaurants and other facilities.
* Since the [[1999]] tragedy, many of these investments have come down, the value of the property and land has lowered, and many hotels, restaurants, and tourist facilities have disappeared.
* The slow recovery and/or rebuilding of destroyed roada and services, the enormous difficulties of transportation of people and goods, and the overall status of insecurity that ensued after the tragedy greatly affected many industries, many shops, stores, offices and social clubs disappeared or were closed, the major hotels closed down, and hundreds of thousands of jobs were lost. As a consequence, the tourism industry has all but disappeared.
'''La Guaira Harbor''': is the second port of [[Venezuela]], in order of traffic and payload volumes, and constitutes the front door of consumer goods, destined to the metropolitan area of [[Caracas]] and the states: Vargas, [[Miranda (state)|Miranda]] and [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]].

'''Simon Bolivar International Airport, Maiquetia''': is located in [[Maiquetia, Venezuela|Maiquetía]], [[Venezuela]], about 13 miles from Downtown [[Caracas]], the capital of Venezuela. Simply called 'Maiquetia' by the local population, this is the most important airport of the twelve international airports in Venezuela, it handles flights to & from many important cities in the Americas, the Caribbean and Europe.

== Sites of interest ==
[[Image:Naiguatá coast.jpg|thumb|290px|Naiguatá coast]]
===Beaches===
{|
|-
|valign="top"|
*''Aeropuerto''
*''Caruao''
*''La Punta''
*''Marina Grande''
*''Punta Care''
*''Anare''
*''Catia La Mar''
*''La Sabana''
*''Naiguatá''
*''Quebrada Seca''
|valign="top"|
*''Arrecífe''
*''Chichiriviche''
*''La Salina''
*''Oricao''
*''San Luis''
*''Bahía Marina''
*''Chuspa''
*''La Zorra''
*''Oritapo''
*''Sheraton''
|valign="top"|
*''Bikini''
*''Círculo Militar''
*''Larga''
*''Osma''
*''Taguao''
*''Buchón''
*''El Burro''
*''Los ángeles''
*''Pantaleta''
*''Tarma''
|valign="top"|
*''Camurí Chico''
*''El Chorrito''
*''Los Caracas''
*''Paraíso''
*''Todasana''
*''Candileja''
*''El Farallón''
*''Los Cocos''
*''Puerto Carayaca''
*''Urama''
|valign="top"|
*''Caribito''
*''Escondida''
*''Macuto''
*''Puerto Cruz''
*''Verde''
|}

== Culture ==
=== Folklore===
[[Image:Plaza Bolívar of El Junquito.jpg|thumb|290px|Plaza Bolívar of ''El Junquito'']]
The Afro-Venezuelan music is the representation par excellence of all this region, the main folkloric celebrations where the drums and the joy of the population present, are:
*[[Biblical Magi]] ([[January 6]]). Christianity in the Vargas state celebrates the Magi on the day of [[Epiphany (feast)|Epiphany]], [[January 6]], the last of the ''twelve days of Christmas'', with the name of the three kings ("Los Tres Reyes Magos"), receive wish letters from children and magically bring them gifts on the night before Epiphany.
*'''Virgin of ''La Candelaria'' day''' ([[February 2]]). The Celebrations of th Virgin of La Candelaria, is conformed by the conducts of popular faith, dances and cultural manifestations, disguises, masks and bands who lead expressions festive sensitivity.
*'''The Burial of the Sardine''' (From [[February 7]] to [[February 12]]). Like all festive period, the [[Carnival]] has a beginning and an end, before the Lent, the citizens burns a symbolic doll.
*[[Saint Joseph|Saint Joseph day]] ([[March 19]]). As so many other traditions in the Vargas state, the celebration of Saint Joseph day is commemorated on [[March 19]].
*'''Virgin of ''El Carmen'' day''' ([[July 16]]). Masses, processions, and celebrations, unites the devotee people of the Virgin of ''El Carmen'', each [[July 16]].
*'''Our Lady of Coromoto''' (celebrated three times in the year, [[February 2]], [[February 8]] and [[September 11]]). The Venezuelan people celebrate to their spiritual pattern in three occasions every year, [[February 2]], [[February 8]] and [[September 11]]. The National Sanctuary of the Virgin of Coromoto, place of encounter of great peregrinations, was declared Basilic by the Pope [[Pius XII]], on [[May 24]], [[1949]].
*[[Feast of the Holy Innocents]] ([[December 28]]). The Catholic church commemorates the eighth day of the birth of Jesus, with the death of the Holy Innocents, in honor to the children assassinated by order of the [[Herod the Great|King Herod]]. In [[Venezuela]] and the Vargas state, [[December 28]] is a day for [[Practical joke|pranks]], equivalent to [[April Fool's Day]] in many countries. Prank victims are called ''inocentes''.
*[[Saint John the Baptist|Saint John the Baptist day]] ([[June 24]]). In [[Venezuela]], the celebartions in honor to Saint John the Baptist have singular importance from the colonial time to the present, mainly in those Afro-Venezuelan populations.

== Historical seats ==

*'''Guipuzcoana house''': This imposing colonial construction, was constructed between [[1734]] and [[1736]] by instructions of the King Felipe V, the specific function of the Guipuzcoana Company consisted in the defense of the coasts and commerce of [[Venezuela]]. It is now the current seat of the Vargas state government.
*'''San Carlos Fort''': Its construction dates from [[1769]], according to the project of the ''Roncalí'' Count. Nevertheless, for its construction were used the foundations and some parts of another fort that according to ''Enrique Rivodo'' existed from [[1604]]. The fort is designed in star form, was designated ''National Historical Monument'' in [[1876]].
*'''El Vigía Fort''': Was constructed at the beginning of the [[XVIII century]], by ''Don Francisco Alberreo''. Thence they announced with the sound of bells and hoisting flags, the arrival of the ships to the port, its view is impressive.
*'''Colonial zone of La Guaira''': On [[June 29]], [[1589]], ''Don Diego de Osorio y Villegas'' found the population of ''San Pedro de la Guaira'', nowadays this colonial constructions, with their facades and ample windows can be appreciated in this beautiful parish.

== The Vargas Coast and its beaches ==
[[Image:Shanty town in Vargas state.jpg|thumb|290px|Shanty town in Vargas state]]
From the heights of El Ávila we can contemplate the winding coastline of the Caribbean fringed by royal palm trees. A few kilometres out of [[Caracas]] are the extensive beaches of the central coastline: ''Playa Grande, Catia La Mar, Macuto, Caraballeda, El Palmar, Naiguatá'' and ''Anare'', however a walk around the central coast must begin at [[La Guaira]], which since its foundation has been the port of [[Caracas]].

[[La Guaira]], together with its varied maritime and commercial activities has preserved the atmosphere of the colonial period. The forts of El Vigía and La Pólvora remind us the time when the city had to defense itself against the attacks of pirates and buccaneers. It could be said that history always came to La Guaira, for better or for worse, via the sea. The wealth that reached it through its port also attracted pirates who devastated it, sacking the town on many occasions.

Among the remains of the colonial period, La Guaira has preserved the following noteworthy monuments: ''Guipuzcoana house, Bolívar street, the San Carlos fort'', the ''Guamacho'' and ''Muchinga'' gangways, the ''Pasaje Urrutia'', and the ''Puente Jesús.''

This state and its capital, are land of sailors, where the women tell of loneliness and where the men tell of sea-fairing and storms.

'''Reference:''' ''The coast and its beaches'', by ''Maurice Wiesenthal'', article appeared in the book ''Caracas'', published in [[1981]].

== Gallery ==
===Old photos of Vargas state===
<gallery>
Image:La Guaira in 1900s.gif|Colonial zone of ''La Guaira'', at the beginning of the [[XX century]]
Image:Plaza La Aduana, La Guaira, 1902.jpg|''Plaza La Aduana'', [[La Guaira]], [[1902]]
Image:Casa Guipuzcuana, 1905.jpg|''Casa Guipuzcuana'', [[1905]]
Image:La Guaira harbor, 1911.jpg|La Guaira harbor, [[1911]]
Image:La Guaira, 1912.jpg|[[La Guaira]], [[1912]]
Image:Macuto, 1911.jpg|[[Macuto]], [[1911]]
Image:Beaches of Macuto, 1911.jpg|Beaches of Macuto, [[1911]]
Image:Miramar Hotel, Macuto, 1922.jpg|''Miramar Hotel'', [[Macuto]], [[1922]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{commonscat|Vargas}}
*[[Venezuela]]
*[[States of Venezuela]]
*[[1999 Vargas mudslide]] catastrophe

==References==
*[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas History]
*[http://www.estadovargas.gov.ve/Contenido.asp?ID=69 Geography]
*[http://www.estadovargas.gov.ve/Contenido.asp?ID=73 Geopolitical division]
*[http://www.cne.gov.ve/documentos/sistemaelectoral06.php Law and government]— State government
*[http://www.cne.gov.ve/documentos/sistemaelectoral08.php Law and government]— Municipal government
*[http://www.rena.edu.ve/venezuela/vargas.html Economy]
*[http://www.rena.edu.ve/venezuela/vargasi.html Sites of interest]
*[http://www.rena.edu.ve/venezuela/vargacul.html Folklore]
*[http://www.mipunto.com/venezuelavirtual/000/002/024/001.html Historical seats]

{{Political Divisions of Venezuela}}

[[Category:Vargas state| ]]
[[Category:States of Venezuela]]

[[an:Estato Vargas]]
[[ca:Estat de Vargas]]
[[da:Vargas]]
[[de:Vargas (Bundesstaat)]]
[[et:Vargas]]
[[es:Vargas]]
[[fr:État de Vargas]]
[[id:Vargas (negara bagian)]]
[[it:Vargas (stato)]]
[[kw:Vargas]]
[[nl:Vargas]]
[[ja:バルガス州]]
[[no:Vargas (delstat)]]
[[nn:Vargas]]
[[pl:Vargas]]
[[pt:Estado Vargas]]
[[tg:Иёлоти Варгас]]

Ozark-Plateau

2008-01-25T03:06:39Z

Hamsterlopithecus: /* Ozark culture */

{{redirect|Ozark}}

[[Image:Knob lick view-26aug06.jpg|thumb|400px|The Saint Francois Mountains, viewed here from [[Knob Lick, Missouri|Knob Lick Mountain]], are the geologic core of the Ozarks.]]
[[Image:OzarkOverview.jpg|400px|thumb|right|The Ozarks and its primary physiographic regions.]]
[[Image:OzarkRelief.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Elevation map of the Ozarks. Click to enlarge.]]
'''The Ozarks''' (also referred to as '''Ozarks Mountain Country''', the '''Ozark Mountains''' or the '''Ozark Plateau''') are a [[Physiography|physiographic]], [[Geology|geologic]], and [[culture|cultural]] highland region of the central [[United States]]. It covers much of the [[Ordinal directions|south]] half of [[Missouri]] and an extensive portion of [[Ordinal directions|northwest]] and North central [[Arkansas]]. The region also extends westward into [[Ordinal directions|northeast]] [[Oklahoma]] and extreme [[Ordinal directions|southeast]] [[Kansas]].

Although sometimes referred to as the Ozark Mountains, the region is a high and deeply [[dissected plateau]]. Geologically, the area is a broad dome around the [[Saint Francois Mountains]]. The Ozark Highlands area, covering nearly {{convert|47000|sqmi|sqkm|-3}}, is by far the most extensive mountainous region between the [[Appalachians]] and the [[Rocky Mountains]]. Together, the Ozarks and [[Ouachita Mountains]] form an area known as the [[U.S. Interior Highlands]], and are sometimes referred to collectively. For example, the [[ecoregion]] called [[Ozark Mountain Forests]] includes the Ouachita Mountains, although the Arkansas River valley and the Ouachitas, both south of the [[Boston Mountains]], are not usually considered part of the Ozarks.

==Origin of the name==
Etymology of the name is a subject of speculation.

"Ozarks" probably derives from a phonetic English spelling of the [[French language|French]] abbreviation "''aux Arks''", short for "''aux Arkansas''" ("toward Arkansas")<ref>[[George R. Stewart|Stewart, George R.]] (1967). ''Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States'', p. 137. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.</ref> Originally referring to the [[trading post]] at [[Arkansas Post]] on the [[Mississippi River]], the term came to refer to the entire area drained by the [[Arkansas River]] and [[White River (Arkansas)|White River]]. (The origin of the name "Arkansas" itself is speculated.) Another possible derivation is "''aux arcs''" meaning "toward the arches" in reference to a massive [[natural bridge]] that forms an arch at Alum Cove in the [[Ozark-St. Francis National Forest]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} This arch was used as a landmark. It is even suggested "''aux arcs''" is an abbreviation of "''aux arcs-en-ciel''", French for "toward the rainbows" which are a common sight in the mountainous regions. After the [[Louisiana Purchase]], American travelers in the region referred to various features of the upland areas using the term "Ozark", such as "Ozark Mountains" and "Ozark forests". By the early 20th century, "The Ozarks" had become a generic term.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morrow|first=Lynn|title=Ozark/Ozarks: Establishing a Regional Term| journal=White River Valley Historical Quarterly| year=1996| volume=36| issue=2| accessdate=2006-09-08| url=http://thelibrary.springfield.missouri.org/lochist/periodicals/wrv/V36/N2/f96c.htm}}
</ref>

==Geographic subdivisions==
[[Image:Big Spring Missouri 1-02Aug08.jpg|thumb|right|Big Spring in the Missouri Ozarks is one of the largest in the United States, discharging 276 million gallons of water per day.]]
The Ozarks consist of four primary [[Physiographic regions of the world|physiographic sections]]—the Springfield Plateau, the Salem Plateau, the [[Saint Francois Mountains]], and the [[Boston Mountains]]. Topography is mostly gently rolling, except in the Boston Mountains, along the escarpments separating the Springfield and Salem Plateaus, and the Saint Francois Range where it is rugged. [[Karst]] features such as [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]]s, [[sinkhole]]s, and [[cave]]s are common in the [[limestone]]s of the Springfield Plateau and abundant in the [[dolostone]] bedrock of the Salem Plateau and Boston Mountains.

The Boston Mountains are the highest section of the Ozarks. Summits can reach elevations of just over 2,560 feet (780 m) with valleys 500 to {{convert|1550|ft|m|0}} deep (150 m to 450 m). Turner Ward Knob (TWK) is the highest named peak. Located in western [[Newton County, Arkansas]], its elevation is 2,463 feet (751 m). Nearby, five unnamed peaks have elevations at or slightly above 2,560 feet (780 m).

The [[Saint Francois Mountain Range]] rises above the Ozark Plateau and is the geological core of the highland dome. The [[igneous]] and [[volcanic]] rocks of the Saint Francois Mountains are the remains of a [[Precambrian]] mountain range. The core of the range existed as an island in the [[Paleozoic]] seas. [[Reef]] complexes occur in the sedimentary layers surrounding this ancient island. These flanking reefs were points of concentration for later [[ore]]-bearing fluids which formed the rich [[lead]]-[[zinc]] ores that have been and continue to be [[mining|mined]] in the area. The [[igneous]] and volcanic rocks extend at depth under the relatively thin veneer of Paleozoic [[sedimentary]] rocks and form the basal crust of the entire region.

==Regional economy of the Ozarks==
===Traditional economic activity===
The Ozarks contain ore deposits of [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[iron]], and [[barite]]. Many of these deposits have been depleted by historic mining activities, but much remains and is currently being mined in the [[Lead Belt|lead belt]] of south-central Missouri. Historically the [[Old Lead Belt]] around the Saint Francois Mountains and the [[Tri-state district]] lead-zinc mining area around [[Joplin, Missouri]], have been very important sources of metals. Much of the area supports [[beef]] cattle ranching and [[dairy]] farming is common across the area. [[Petroleum|Oil]] exploration and extraction also takes place in the Oklahoma portion of the Ozarks, as well as in the east half of the Boston Mountains in Arkansas. [[Logging]] of both softwood and hardwood [[timber]] species on both private land and in the [[National Forest]]s has long been an important economic activity.

===Growth industries===
Tourism is the growth industry of the Ozarks as evidenced by the growth of the [[Branson, Missouri]], entertainment center. The [[Corps of Engineers]] lakes that were created by damming the [[White River (Arkansas)|White River]] in the mid 1950s have provided a large tourist, boating and fishing economy along the Missouri-Arkansas border. The [[Lake of the Ozarks]] and [[Truman Lake]] in the northern Ozarks were formed by damming the [[Osage River]] in 1931 and 1979 respectively. The [[Buffalo National River]], created by an Act of Congress in 1972 as the Nation's first National River administered by the National Park Service, annually draws increasing numbers of canoeists, hikers, campers and cavers to northern Arkansas. In Missouri, the [http://www.nps.gov/ozar Ozark National Scenic Riverways], which while not officially a "national river," was the first US national park to be based on a river system, was established in 1964 along the Current and Jacks Fork Rivers. Over 1.3 million visitors come to the Eminence and Van Buren areas as tourists drawn by this river park.

[[Poultry]] farming and food processing has also been on the rise, recently, in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. The [[Tyson Foods|Tyson Foods corporation]] has food processing plants in western Arkansas; Stillwell foods has frozen vegetable and other food processing centers in eastern Oklahoma.

Logging and timber industries are also significant in the Ozark economy with operations ranging from small family run sawmills to large commercial concerns.

==Ozark culture==
'''Ozark''' also refers to a region of people with a distinct culture, [[architecture]], and [[dialect]] shared by the people that live on the plateau. The people in this area have more in common with one another than with their surrounding states.{{fact}} Traditional Ozark culture is a mixture of cultures, similar to that of [[Appalachia]] and the [[Upland South]] and also having some commonalities with the Midwest. Much of the population is of [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] descent, often including some [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] ancestry, and Ozark families tend to have lived in the area since the 19th century.

Ozark religion tends to be [[social conservatism|conservative]], or [[congregationalism|individualistic]], with [[Assemblies of God]], [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptists]], and other [[Protestant]] [[pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] groups predominant. The Ozarks are also home to some sects unique to the area. Beyond a few communities settled by [[Germany|German]] Catholics and those areas (mostly Washington County) of original French settlement, [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]] is rare outside of the cities.

Homesteads in rural areas tend to be isolated instead of being clustered into villages. Early settlers relied on [[hunting]], [[fishing]] and [[Trapping (Animal)|trapping]] to supplement their diets and incomes. Today hunting and fishing for recreation are common activities and an important part of the tourist industry. Foraging for [[mushrooms]], especially [[morel]]s, and for medicinal native plant species, including [[St. John's Wort]] and [[Ginseng]], is common, and is financially supported by established buyers in the area.

''[[Where the Red Fern Grows]]'' and the ''[[Shepherd of the Hills]]'' are books that take place in the Ozark Mountain Area. Other examples of the traditional nature of the Ozark culture would be the two major family theme parks in the region, [[Silver Dollar City]] and the now defunct [[Dogpatch USA|Dogpatch U.S.A.]], both of which embrace rural, western, and 19th century life in the American Midwest and South.

[[Image:White Rock SM.jpg|thumb|300px|Boston Mountains in the Arkansas Ozarks.]]

==See also==
* [[Green Country]]
* [[Arkansas River]]
* [[Buffalo National River]]
* [[United States physiographic region]]s
* [[List of regions of the United States#Unofficial U.S. regions|List of U.S. multistate regions]]
* [[Ozark National Scenic Riverways]]
* [[Ozark Trail (hiking trail)|Ozark Trail]]
* [[Ozark Highlands Trail]]
* [[Irish Wilderness]]
* [[Cookson Hills]]
* [[Vance Randolph]]
* [[USS Ozark (1863)|USS ''Ozark'' (1863)]]
* [[USS Ozark (BM-7)|USS ''Ozark'' (BM-7)]]
* [[USS Ozark (LSV-2)|USS ''Ozark'' (LSV-2)]]
* [[Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* McMillen, Margot Ford (1996) ''A to Z Missouri: The Dictionary of Missouri Place Names'', Columbia, Missouri, Pebble Publishing, ISBN 0-9646625-4-X
* Rafferty, Milton D. (2001) ''The Ozarks: Land and Life'', University of Arkansas Press, 2nd ed., ISBN 1-55728-714-7
* Unklesbay, A.G; & Vineyard, Jerry D. (1992) ''Missouri Geology — Three Billion Years of Volcanoes, Seas, Sediments, and Erosion'', University of Missouri Press, ISBN 0-8262-0836-3

==External links==
*[http://www.watersheds.org/ Bryant Creek Watershed Atlas]
*[http://www.mdc.state.mo.us/nathis/natcom/natdiv/ Missouri Conservation Natural Divisions Page]
*[http://www.dnr.mo.gov/pubs/pub655.pdf Missouri Conservation Ozarks Guide]
*[http://www.arkansashighways.com/Environ/Wild%20Flower%20Routes/natural_divisions_of_arkansas.htm Natural Divisions of Arkansas]
*[http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0412_full.html Ozark Mountain Forests Ecoregion]
*[http://www.nps.gov/ozar Ozark National Scenic Riverways]
*[http://www.springdaleark.org/shiloh/ Shiloh Museum of Ozark History, Springdale, Arkansas]
 

{{Geography navigation}}
{{Physical Geography Sub-disciplines}}
{{Arkansas}}
{{Kansas}}
{{Missouri}}
{{Oklahoma}}

[[Category:Mountain ranges of Arkansas|Ozarks, The]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Kansas|Ozarks, The]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Missouri|Ozarks, The]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Oklahoma|Ozarks, The]]
[[Category:Plateaus of the United States|Ozarks, The]]
[[Category:Wine regions of the United States|Ozarks, The]]
[[Category:Southern United States|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of the United States|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Regions of Oklahoma|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Regions of Arkansas|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Regions of Kansas|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Regions of Missouri|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Physiographic provinces]]
[[Category:Landforms of Oklahoma|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Landforms of Arkansas|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Landforms of Kansas|Ozarks]]
[[Category:Landforms of Missouri|Ozarks]]

[[fr:Monts Ozark]]
[[ja:オザーク高原]]
[[no:Ozark]]

Bruttometropolprodukt

2007-05-04T02:06:10Z

Hamsterlopithecus:

Gross metropolitan product (GMP) is one of several measures of the size of the [[economy]] of a [[metropolitan area]]. Similar to [[Gross Domestic Product|gross domestic product (GDP)]], GMP is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a metropolitan area in a given period of time.

==List of U.S. Gross Metropolitan Products 2004==

{|class="prettytable" style="float:center; font-size:85%; margin-left:15px;"
! Rank || Metro Area || GMP (Billions) ||
|-
|| 1 || [[New York City|New York]]-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ || $901.3 ||
|-
|| 2 || [[Los Angeles]]-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA || $581.3 ||
|-
|| 3 || [[Chicago]]-[[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]]-Joliet, IL-IN-WI || $392.6 ||
|-
|| 4 || [[Washington, D.C.]]-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-MD-VA-WV || $276.2 ||
|-
|| 5 || [[Dallas]]-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX || $256.4 ||
|-
|| 6 || [[Philadelphia]]-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD || $253.4 ||
|-
|| 7 || [[Boston]]-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH || $233.7 ||
|-
|| 8 || [[Houston]]-[[Sugar Land, Texas|Sugar Land]]-Baytown, TX || $214.7 ||
|-
|| 9 || [[San Francisco]]-Oakland-Fremont, CA || $204.9 ||
|-
|| 10 || [[Atlanta]]-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA || $198.1 ||
|-
|| 11 || [[Miami]]-[[Fort Lauderdale]]-[[Miami Beach]]-FL || $184.2 ||
|-
|| 12 || [[Detroit]]-Warren-Livonia, MI || $176.0 ||
|-
|| 13 || [[Seattle]]-Bellevue-Tacoma, WA || $155.0 ||
|-
|| 14 || [[Minneapolis]]-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI || $145.8 ||
|-
|| 15 || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ || $140.8 ||
|-
|| 16 || [[San Diego]]-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA || $136.1 ||
|-
|| 17 || [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA || $122.7 ||
|-
|| 18 || [[Baltimore]]-Towson, MD || $112.4 ||
|-
|| 19 || [[Denver]]-Aurora, CO || $108.5 ||
|-
|| 20 || [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], MO-IL || $102.0 ||
|}

<cite>The United States Conference of Mayors and The National Association of Counties, 2007; Standard & Poor's DRI
</cite>

==See also==
* [[List of European metropolitan areas by GRP]]
* [[Gross domestic product]]

==External links==
* [http://www.usmayors.org/74thWinterMeeting/metroeconreport_January2006.pdf GMP of American Cities]
* [http://www.brookings.edu/metro/umi/gmp.htm GMP at the Brookings Institute]
*[http://www.gpec.org/infocenter/topics/economy/gmp.html GMP of Greater Phoenix]

{{econ-stub}}

Bruttometropolprodukt

2007-05-04T02:05:34Z

Hamsterlopithecus:

Gross metropolitan product (GMP) is one of several measures of the size of the [[economy]] of a [[metropolitan area]]. Similar to [[Gross Domestic Product|Gross Domestic Product (GDP)]], GMP is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a metropolitan area in a given period of time.

==List of U.S. Gross Metropolitan Products 2004==

{|class="prettytable" style="float:center; font-size:85%; margin-left:15px;"
! Rank || Metro Area || GMP (Billions) ||
|-
|| 1 || [[New York City|New York]]-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ || $901.3 ||
|-
|| 2 || [[Los Angeles]]-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA || $581.3 ||
|-
|| 3 || [[Chicago]]-[[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]]-Joliet, IL-IN-WI || $392.6 ||
|-
|| 4 || [[Washington, D.C.]]-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-MD-VA-WV || $276.2 ||
|-
|| 5 || [[Dallas]]-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX || $256.4 ||
|-
|| 6 || [[Philadelphia]]-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD || $253.4 ||
|-
|| 7 || [[Boston]]-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH || $233.7 ||
|-
|| 8 || [[Houston]]-[[Sugar Land, Texas|Sugar Land]]-Baytown, TX || $214.7 ||
|-
|| 9 || [[San Francisco]]-Oakland-Fremont, CA || $204.9 ||
|-
|| 10 || [[Atlanta]]-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA || $198.1 ||
|-
|| 11 || [[Miami]]-[[Fort Lauderdale]]-[[Miami Beach]]-FL || $184.2 ||
|-
|| 12 || [[Detroit]]-Warren-Livonia, MI || $176.0 ||
|-
|| 13 || [[Seattle]]-Bellevue-Tacoma, WA || $155.0 ||
|-
|| 14 || [[Minneapolis]]-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI || $145.8 ||
|-
|| 15 || [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ || $140.8 ||
|-
|| 16 || [[San Diego]]-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA || $136.1 ||
|-
|| 17 || [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA || $122.7 ||
|-
|| 18 || [[Baltimore]]-Towson, MD || $112.4 ||
|-
|| 19 || [[Denver]]-Aurora, CO || $108.5 ||
|-
|| 20 || [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], MO-IL || $102.0 ||
|}

<cite>The United States Conference of Mayors and The National Association of Counties, 2007; Standard & Poor's DRI
</cite>

==See also==
* [[List of European metropolitan areas by GRP]]
* [[Gross domestic product]]

==External links==
* [http://www.usmayors.org/74thWinterMeeting/metroeconreport_January2006.pdf GMP of American Cities]
* [http://www.brookings.edu/metro/umi/gmp.htm GMP at the Brookings Institute]
*[http://www.gpec.org/infocenter/topics/economy/gmp.html GMP of Greater Phoenix]

{{econ-stub}}