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High Capacity Metro Train

2022-04-21T10:28:02Z

Gurfysingh:

{{short description|Electric trains in use in Melbourne, Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox train
| name = High Capacity Metro Trains
| image = HCMT at Carnegie.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| caption = A HCMT in service departing [[Carnegie railway station]]
| interiorimage = High Capacity Metro Train interior.jpg
| interiorcaption = Interior of HCMT in service, showing PIDs and folding seating
| service = 2020–present
| manufacturer = Evolution Rail ([[Downer Rail]], [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles|CRRC Changchun]] and [[Plenary Group]])
| assembly = [[Newport Workshops]] (final assembly)
| factory = [[Changchun]], China
| replaced = [[Comeng (train)|Comeng]] (projected)
| yearconstruction = 2018–present
| yearservice = {{start date|2020|12|27|df=y}}
| refurbishment =
| numberconstruction = 25
| numberbuilt = 40<ref name="vicsig" />
| numberservice = 23
| formation = 7-car sets Tc–DMp–Mp1–DT–Mp2–DMp–Tc
| fleetnumbers = E001–E065<ref name="vicsig">[https://vicsig.net/suburban/train/HCMT High Capacity Metro Trains] Vicsig</ref>
| capacity = 1,380 (gross train capacity){{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}} 1,800 (crush)<ref name="config">{{Cite web|url=https://cmsportal.metrotrains.com.au/docnum.aspx?id=A8520|title=WTT NETWORK CONFIGURATION: METRO ROLLING STOCK|website=Metro Trains Document Portal|format=PDF|access-date=2019-02-10}}</ref>
| operator = [[Metro Trains Melbourne]]
| depots = [[Pakenham East, Victoria|Pakenham East]] Calder Park
| lines = {{plainlist|
* [[Pakenham railway line|Pakenham]], [[Cranbourne railway line|Cranbourne]]
* [[Sunbury railway line|Sunbury]] (after Metro Tunnel opening)
* [[Melbourne Airport rail link|Airport]] (starts 2029)<ref>{{cite web|title=Melbourne Airport Rail Link construction to start 2022, trains to run to CBD every 10 minutes|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-21/melbourne-airport-rail-link-trains-to-run-into-cbd-every-10-min/12907286|access-date=23 December 2020|language=en}}</ref>
}}
| carbody =
| trainlength = {{convert|160.2|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| carlength = {{convert|24.65|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}} (Tc) {{convert|22.18|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}} (DMp, Mp, DT)
| width = {{convert|3.04|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|4186|mm|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| floorheight = {{convert|1.17|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep = Level
| doors = 6 per carriage, 3 per side<ref>{{cite web|title=MelbourneTrains.Net - Learn - HCMT|url=https://sites.google.com/view/melbournetrainsnet/learn/trains/hcmt?authuser=0|access-date=7 June 2020|language=en}}</ref>
| maxspeed = {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|316.9|t|abbr=on}}
| axleload = 1 sanded axle (DMp) 2 sanded axles (Mp)<ref name="config" />
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction = [[Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric|Times Electric]] [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]]–[[Variable-frequency drive|VVVF]]<ref name="suppliers">{{Cite web|url=https://transport.vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/high-capacity-metro-trains/hcmt-project-suppliers-map-with-list.pdf|title=Suppliers on the High Capacity Metro Trains Project|website=[[Department of Transport (Victoria)]]|format=PDF}}</ref>
| traction motors = [[ABB]] [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase AC]] [[induction motor]]<ref name="suppliers" />
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = {{1,500 V DC}} (nominal) from [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass =
| aarwheels =
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety = Arden-Anzac only: [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] [[Cityflo 650 CBTC|CITYFLO 650]] [[Communications-based train control|CBTC]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barrow|first1=Keith|title=Bombardier to maintain Melbourne Metro Tunnel signalling|url=https://www.railjournal.com/regions/australia-nz/bombardier-to-maintain-melbourne-metro-tunnel-signalling/|access-date=2021-11-19|work=[[International Railway Journal]]|date=2018-04-19}}</ref>
| coupling = [[Dellner]]
| multipleworking =
| seating = 502<ref name="config" />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1600mm|lk=on}} broad gauge
}}

The '''High Capacity Metro Train''' ('''HCMT''') is a type of [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) train for use by [[Metro Trains Melbourne]] on the [[Melbourne rail network]]. The first train set entered service on 27 December 2020 and will become the primary rolling stock used in the [[Metro Tunnel]] when it opens in 2025. The HCMTs carry around 1,400 passengers in seven carriages, running on Melbourne's {{1,500 V DC}} [[overhead line|overhead catenary]] system, and are currently the most advanced trains in the Metro Trains fleet. A consortium of investors and rail companies are constructing the trains in China and Australia via a contract with the [[Victorian Government]], in addition to upgrade works necessary for the operation of the trains.

== History ==
=== Background ===
The previous major procurement of rolling stock for the [[Railways in Melbourne|Melbourne rail network]] occurred in 2002, when franchisees [[M-Train|M>Train]] and [[Connex Melbourne|Connex]] ordered 62 [[Siemens Nexas]] and 58 [[X'Trapolis 100]] trains respectively, as part of their franchise agreements to replace the older [[Hitachi (Australian train)|Hitachi trains]].<ref name="Siemens PR">{{cite web|title=Siemens Transportation Systems wins major contract in Australia|url=http://www.siemens.com/page/1,3771,226112-1-18_0_0-0,00.html|website=Siemens Transportation Systems|publisher=Siemens AG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122043434/http://www.siemens.com/page/1,3771,226112-1-18_0_0-0,00.html|archive-date=22 November 2005|location=Munich|date=1 April 2000}}</ref><ref name="DPC PR 2002">{{cite web|title=X'Trapolis Welcomed To Melbourne's Railways|url=http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/11f92c2160b6c533ca256c93007bbcaf?OpenDocument|website=Media Release from the Minister for Public Transport|publisher=Department of Premier and Cabinet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050717164206/http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/11f92c2160b6c533ca256c93007bbcaf?OpenDocument|archive-date=17 July 2005|date=18 December 2002}}</ref> However, the Siemens units suffered major braking issues over the following decade, causing their repeated withdrawal from service;<ref name="Age Jan 2010">{{cite news|last1=Sexton|first1=Reid|title=Siemens trains the biggest cause of rail delays|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/siemens-trains-the-biggest-cause-of-rail-delays-20100130-n5jo.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=The Age|date=31 January 2010}}</ref> when the [[Government of Victoria|State Government]] tendered for 18 further six-carriage trains in 2007, it restricted bids to the previous two models ordered and awarded the contract to Alstom.<ref name="DPC PR 2007">{{cite web|title=18 More Trains Ordered For Metropolitan Rail System|url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/bc348d5912436a9cca256cfc0082d800/7180e6f43c8354ecca2573ba0080658e!OpenDocument|website=Media Release from the Minister for Public Transport|publisher=Department of Premier and Cabinet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019174552/http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/bc348d5912436a9cca256cfc0082d800/7180e6f43c8354ecca2573ba0080658e!OpenDocument|archive-date=19 October 2009|date=21 December 2007}}</ref> Several further orders were placed for X'Trapolis trains over the next 10 years.

The Public Transport Development Authority (later branded as [[Public Transport Victoria]]) was created in 2011 by the newly-elected state government of Premier [[Ted Baillieu]] with the intent of, among other things, running major studies into the operation of the metropolitan rail network.<ref name="Age PTV creation">{{cite news|last1=Lucas|first1=Clay|title=Comeback for Kennett-era transport chief|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/comeback-for-kennettera-transport-chief-20110823-1j8hu.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=The Age|date=24 August 2011}}</ref> The [[Network Development Plan Metropolitan Rail]] (NDPMR), released publicly in early 2013 in the partial fulfillment of this objective, was designed as a series of concrete proposals for the expansion and consolidation of the rail network over the following 20 years.<ref name="Age NDPMR">{{cite news|last1=Gough|first1=Deborah|title=Major rail projects expected in 20 years|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/major-rail-projects-expected-in-20-years-20130326-2gt8r.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=The Age|date=27 March 2013}}</ref> The NDPMR's first stage, intended to be completed before 2016, acknowledged the need for an interim solution of several more X'Trapolis trains to overcome major constraints,{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=7}} as well as recommending the internal reconfiguration of Siemens and [[Comeng (train)|Comeng]] trains to increase capacity,{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=72}} but identified the provision of new rolling stock as critical to the cost-effective use of existing railway infrastructure.{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=34}}

Among the deficiencies of existing rolling stock noted by the NDPMR were "multi-purpose" designs intended to strike a balance between [[commuter rail]] and [[rapid transit|metro]] operations, and the failure of existing trains to use the entire length of metropolitan [[railway platform|platforms]].{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=34}} The NDPMR rejected [[Bilevel rail car|double-decker trains]] on the basis that they would increase [[Dwell time (transportation)|dwell time]] at crowded stations, and argued that 220 metre trains, formed by operating the existing three car sets as nine car trains, would require extensive and prohibitively expensive infrastructure works, particularly in the [[City Loop]]. Instead, it recommended the procurement of single-level trains with a fixed number of cars, increased standing room and a length of {{convert|153|m|ft}}, with the capacity for expansion to {{cvt|220|m|ft}} upon the opening of the [[Metro Tunnel]]. The NDPMR envisaged these trains with a maximum capacity of 1,100 and 1,600 passengers respectively.{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=35}}

The NDPMR envisaged that these high-capacity trains would completely replace the Comeng fleet by 2032, and be used primarily on the [[Sunshine railway station, Melbourne|Sunshine]]–[[Dandenong railway station|Dandenong]] line created by the Metro Tunnel. Furthermore, it identified the need for the new trains to include [[cab signalling]] to reduce the [[headway]] required between trains, and for the construction of new maintenance facilities at several points on the network.{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=137}}

Prior to the [[2014 Victorian election]], then-Premier [[Denis Napthine]] promised an order of 25 of the proposed high-capacity trains if his incumbent [[Liberal-National Coalition]] government was returned for a second term.<ref name="Age Mar 2014">{{cite news|last1=Dowling|first1=Jason|title=Transport boost with 25 new trains for Cranbourne, Pakenham lines|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/transport-boost-with-25-new-trains-for-cranbourne-pakenham-lines-20140306-3492j.html|access-date=7 December 2017|work=The Age|date=6 March 2014}}</ref>

=== Order and design phase ===
In June 2015, the new [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Government of Victoria|Victorian Government]] under Premier [[Daniel Andrews]] announced that expressions of interest would be requested for 37 new trains to be delivered and maintained for the Melbourne rail network.<ref name="Age June 2015">{{cite news|last1=Preiss|first1=Benjamin|title=Andrews government to spend $1.3b on high-capacity trains|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/andrews-government-to-spend-13b-on-highcapacity-trains-20150629-gi0ek0.html|access-date=7 December 2017|work=The Age|date=29 June 2015}}</ref>

In November 2015, three consortia were shortlisted to build and maintain 37 trains:<ref name="RG Nov 2015">{{cite news|title=Three shortlisted for Melbourne’s High Capacity Metro Trains contract|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/three-shortlisted-for-melbournes-high-metro-capacity-trains-contract.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]|date=13 November 2015|language=en}}</ref>
* Bombardier: [[Bombardier Transportation]], [[Macquarie Group|Macquarie Bank]], [[Itochu]] & Infrared Capital Partners
* Eureka Rail: [[Alstom]], [[MUFG Bank|Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ]] & [[John Laing Group|John Laing]]
* '''Evolution Rail: [[Downer Rail]], [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles]] & [[Plenary Group]]'''

In March 2016, the order was increased to 65.<ref name="RG Mar 2016">{{cite news|title=Melbourne high capacity train order increased|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/melbourne-high-capacity-train-order-increased.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=15 March 2016|language=en}}</ref>

In September 2016, the contract was awarded to the Evolution Rail consortium. New depots to maintain the trains will be built in [[Pakenham, Victoria|Pakenham East]] and [[Calder Park, Victoria|Calder Park]].<ref name="VicPrem Sep 2016">{{cite web|title=1,100 Jobs With 65 New Trains Built In Victoria, For Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/1100-jobs-with-65-new-trains-built-in-victoria-for-victoria/|website=Premier of Victoria|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129115013/https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/1100-jobs-with-65-new-trains-built-in-victoria-for-victoria/|archive-date=29 November 2017|date=12 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="RG Sep 2016">{{cite news|title=Evolution Rail to supply Melbourne high capacity EMUs|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/evolution-rail-to-supply-melbourne-high-capacity-emus.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=12 September 2016|language=en}}</ref> By September of the following year, a full-scale mock-up of two carriages had been constructed and was presented to Minister for Public Transport [[Jacinta Allan]].<ref name="RG Sep 2017">{{cite news|title=CRRC presents Melbourne EMU mock-up|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/crrc-presents-melbourne-emu-mock-up-1.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=7 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> The mock-up was made available to [[train driver|drivers]], technicians, representatives of the [[Public Transport Users Association]] and passenger groups including the visually impaired and those with physical disabilities. The Evolution Rail consortium noted that this last stage in the design process marked the fulfilment of the project's first major contractual obligation.<ref name="RG Nov 2017">{{cite news|title=High Capacity Metro Train mock-up supports design process|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/high-capacity-metro-train-mock-up-supports-design-process.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=25 November 2017|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:HCMT-9002-testing-Newport-Jan2020.jpg|thumb|right|HCMT set E002 undergoing testing at {{rwsa|Newport|M}} in January 2020]] In late 2017, the Locomotive Division of the [[Australian Rail Tram and Bus Union (Victorian branch)|Victorian Rail Tram and Bus Union]] lodged proceedings in the [[Federal Court of Australia]] against Metro Trains, claiming that the consortium, government and Metro planned to introduce a lower standard of training for operators of the HCMT. It furthermore refused to support the implementation of the new rolling stock unless all electric train drivers were trained in the operation of the HCMT.<ref name="LL Sep 17">{{cite news|last1=Marotta|first1=Marc|title=Secretary's Report|url=http://www.rtbuvicloco.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/LocoLines-Edition-69-SEP-2017.pdf|access-date=30 November 2017|work=LocoLines|issue=69|publisher=RTBU Victorian Locomotive Division|date=September 2017|pages=3–7}}</ref> Among the union's objections to the project are the necessary changes in work practice and the increased automation of certain processes.<ref name="Age Nov 2017" /> This followed criticism by the [[Australian Workers' Union]] of the decision to award the contract to Evolution Rail instead of Bombardier, the latter of which had an established manufacturing operation in [[Dandenong]].<ref name="HS Aug 2016" /> The government announced the awarding of several subcontracts for the project in December.<ref name="PR Dec 2017">{{cite web|title=Melbourne’s Bigger Trains Creating Jobs Boom|url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbournes-bigger-trains-creating-jobs-boom/|website=Premier of Victoria|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083407/https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbournes-bigger-trains-creating-jobs-boom/|archive-date=13 December 2017|date=5 December 2017}}</ref>

The mockup carriages used for the consultation phase were placed on public display at [[Birrarung Marr]] from 9–17 February 2018. The display concluded during Melbourne's [[White Night festivals|White Night]] event with a light show.<ref name="PR Feb 2018">{{cite web|title=Melbourne, Meet Your New Train|url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbourne-meet-your-new-train/|website=Premier of Victoria|access-date=11 March 2018|date=7 February 2018}}</ref>

By June of that year, manufacturing had commenced, with the first body shells arriving at Newport Workshops from CRRC's facility in China.<ref name="RE Jun 2018">{{cite news |last1=Loneragan |first1=David |title=New high capacity trains being assembled in Melbourne – Rail Express |url=https://www.railexpress.com.au/new-high-capacity-trains-being-assembled-in-melbourne/ |access-date=16 June 2018 |work=Rail Express |date=14 June 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

The HCMTs were expected to begin testing in November 2018 and enter passenger service on the [[Cranbourne railway line|Cranbourne]] and [[Pakenham railway line|Pakenham]] lines in 2019.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}} <ref name="9NewsMelb Aug 2019">{{cite news|title=Twelve month delay for Melbourne's new $2.3 billion high-capacity trains|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/news-melbourne-twelve-month-delay-for-melbourne-s-new-23-billion-high-capacity-trains/56c115c7-c7a8-4b37-8d4d-18c289045a73|work=9News Melbourne|date=9 August 2019|language=en}}</ref> [[File:HCMT Set 3 rises into Heatherdale returning from testing on the Belgrave Line.jpg|thumb|HCMT set E003 rising into {{rwsa|Heatherdale}} returning from testing on the Belgrave line]]

The first revenue service for the HCMT was the 8:31am service from Pakenham on the [[Pakenham railway line|Pakenham line]] on 27 December 2020. This was an extra service and regular timetabled services didn't commence until 31 January 2021, when the new [[Public Transport Victoria|PTV]] timetable was introduced.<ref>[https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/more/the-new-timetable-for-victorias-train-network/ New services and new timetables] Public Transport Victoria</ref>

== Contract and construction ==
The trains are being delivered as a [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) between the State of Victoria and Evolution Rail Pty Ltd, under the Partnerships Victoria agency. The initial contract specified that the consortium would be responsible for the design, construction and delivery of 65 trains, as well as the construction of a heavy maintenance facility and depot in Pakenham East, the construction of a light maintenance facility in Calder Park, and the provision of two [[train simulator|simulators]] for driver training. It also stated that the consortium would be responsible for the maintenance of the HCMTs throughout their lifetime, as well as the operation and maintenance of the depots and simulators over the same time frame.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=5}}

{{anchor|Evolution Rail}}
Evolution Rail is a [[consortium]] composed of [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles]], [[Downer Rail]] and [[Plenary Group]].<ref name="HS Aug 2016">{{cite news|last1=Galloway|first1=Anthony|title=Problems with trains of Chinese company bidding for Victorian contract|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/problems-with-trains-of-chinese-company-bidding-for-victorian-contract/news-story/57bc1a1bec6a3eb960a764a61138103c|access-date=7 December 2017|work=Herald Sun|date=24 August 2016|language=en}}</ref>

CRRC Changchun is leading the development and design for the HCMTs, and is manufacturing the train bodies as a [[joint venture]] with Downer Rail. 60% of construction is "local content" from a Victorian manufacturing [[supply chain]]. Downer leads the delivery and maintenance of the sets, as well as the construction of the new rail yard facilities.<ref name="Plenary fact sheet">{{cite web|title=High Capacity Metro Trains|url=https://plenarygroup.com/assets/downloads/factsheets/plenary-HCMT-factsheet-.pdf|publisher=Plenary Group|access-date=7 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Frames for [[bogie]]s will be manufactured by Hoffman Engineering in [[Bendigo]].<ref name="BA Nov 2017">{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Adam|title=Hofmann Engineering sheds 15 staff in Bendigo|url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/5064181/hofmann-engineering-sheds-15-staff-in-bendigo/|access-date=20 November 2017|work=Bendigo Advertiser|date=17 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> The Australian arm of [[Times Electric]] is manufacturing the [[traction motor]]s and other electrical systems in [[Morwell, Victoria|Morwell]], and SIGMA Air Conditioning is building the [[heating]] and [[cooling]] systems in [[Derrimut, Victoria|Derrimut]].<ref name="PR Dec 2017" /> Assembly of [[wheelset (rail transport)|wheel sets]] and [[bogie]]s is being performed by Downer at [[Newport Workshops]]. Plenary Group is responsible for the financial management of the project, and the debt is financed by a group of [[Investment banking|investment banks]] led by [[Westpac]].{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=19}}

The contract did not prescribe specific design elements of the HCMTs, but required that the design fulfil a number of objectives, centred on the provision of a "safe and comfortable journey for passengers".{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=6}}

The total value of the PPP is around $2.3 billion.<ref name="Age Nov 2017">{{cite news|last1=Carey|first1=Adam|title=Union signals rough ride for rollout of government's high-capacity trains|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/union-signals-rough-ride-for-rollout-of-governments-highcapacity-trains-20170609-gwo9jm.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=The Age|date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

== Design ==
The HCMT are based on the Type A design used by CRRC Changchun.<ref name="RG Nov 2017" /> The trains will have seven carriages initially, with a total passenger capacity of 1,380.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}} However, provision will be made for the trains to be extended to 10 carriages for a capacity of more than 1,970.<ref name="Age May 2017">{{cite news|last1=Carey|first1=Adam|title=2000 people per train: Metro's standing room-only future revealed|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/2000-people-per-train-metros-standing-roomonly-future-revealed-20170528-gwettp.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=The Age|date=29 May 2017}}</ref> An [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] nose cone and retractable cover for the [[Coupler (railroad)|couplers]] at each end of the trains has been designed to reduce the incidence of [[train surfing]] when the HCMTs are in operation.<ref name="9News Aug 2017">{{cite news|last1=Lund|first1=Andrew|title=New high-capacity trains to curb dangerous train surfing in Melbourne|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/08/28/20/53/victoria-introduces-new-metro-trains|access-date=7 December 2017|work=9 News|date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

[[File:HCMT at Carnegie.jpg|thumb|HCMT set E009 at {{rwsa|Carnegie}}|258x258px]]

Approximately 30–40% of passengers will be seated when the train is at full capacity. The standing areas of the train will offer multiple types of straps and handles for the safety of standing passengers, and wide doors for rapid ingress and egress from these areas. As well as 70 [[Passenger information display system|passenger information displays]] (PIDs) in each train, [[Wi-Fi]] connection will be available throughout the passenger areas.<ref name="Broadsheet May 2017">{{cite news|last1=Tan|first1=Steffanie|title=65 New High-Capacity Trains Will be Added to the Melbourne Network|url=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/melbourne/city-file/standing-only-future-metro-trains|access-date=19 April 2018|work=Broadsheet|date=29 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> The PIDs will show the next station, current time, and the train's location on an adapted rail map. Displays on the front and sides of the train will indicate its destination.<ref name="PTUA mockup">{{cite web|title=Inside Melbourne’s new trains|url=https://www.ptua.org.au/2017/10/06/inside-melb-new-trains/|publisher=Public Transport Users Association|access-date=30 November 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref> Twenty-eight wheelchair spaces and wide aisles between seats will enable easy access for passengers with disabilities.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}}<ref name="Age May 2017" />

A number of semi-automated features will be implemented in the HCMT design, including the capacity for low-speed [[Shunting (rail)|shunting]] by remote control and for trains to be started without a driver present. The trains will also automatically estimate the passenger load, and the reading can be accessed remotely.<ref name="Age May 2017" /> Furthermore, the HCMTs will include "stopping aids" to maximize accuracy of the position of train's arrival at platforms.
Drivers will also have the capacity to open individual doors on the trains.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=13}}
 

{| class="wikitable" summary="HCMT" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background-color:#ccc; width:7em;" |
| colspan="7" | {{TrainDirection|3=HCMT rolling stock configuration<ref name="config" />|1={{stnlnkA|Sunbury|M}}|2={{stnlnkA|Pakenham}} or {{stnlnkA|Cranbourne}}}}
|-style="border-top:solid 4px #{{rcr|Melbourne}};"
! style="width:7em" | Car position
| style="width:6em" | 1
| style="width:6em" | 2
| style="width:6em" | 3
| style="width:6em" | 4
| style="width:6em" | 5
| style="width:6em" | 6
| style="width:6em" | 7
|-style="border-top:solid 4px #{{rcr|Melbourne}};"
! Pantograph
|
| style="text-align:left;" | <
| style="text-align:left;" | <
|
| style="text-align:right;" | >
| style="text-align:right;" | >
|
|-
! Car type
| 90xx (Tc)
| 91xx (DMp)
| 92xx (Mp1)
| 93xx (DT)
| 97xx (Mp2)
| 98xx (DMp)
| 99xx (Tc)
|-
|-
! Main features
| Control cab
| Inter-car door
|
| Inter-car door
|
| Inter-car door
| Control cab
|-
! Sanded axles
| 0 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0
|-
! Numbers
| 9001 : 9065
| 9101 : 9165
| 9201 : 9265
| 9301 : 9365
| 9701 : 9765
| 9801 : 9865
| 9901 : 9965
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book|title=Network Development Plan – Metropolitan Rail|date=December 2012|publisher=[[Public Transport Victoria]]|url=https://static.ptv.vic.gov.au/siteassets/PTV/PTV%20docs/Metro-rail-network-development-plan/PTV_Network-Development-Plan_Metropolitan-Rail_2016update.pdf|access-date=29 November 2017|ref={{sfnref|NDPMR|2012}}}}
*{{cite book|title=High Capacity Metro Trains Project: Project Summary|date=February 2017|publisher=[[Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources]]|url=http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1433876/HCMT_Project-Summary.pdf|access-date=29 November 2017|ref={{sfnref|DEDJTR|2017}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520012442/http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1433876/HCMT_Project-Summary.pdf|archive-date=20 May 2017}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{VRLocos|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Changchun Railway Vehicles]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Melbourne rail rollingstock]]
[[Category:Proposed public transport in Australia]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 2020]]

High Capacity Metro Train

2022-04-21T10:26:12Z

Gurfysingh:

{{short description|Electric trains in use in Melbourne, Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox train
| name = High Capacity Metro Trains
| image = HCMT at Carnegie.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| caption = A [[High Capacity Metro Trains|HCMT]] departing [[Carnegie railway station]]
| interiorimage = High Capacity Metro Train interior.jpg
| interiorcaption = Interior of HCMT in service, showing PIDs and folding seating
| service = 2020–present
| manufacturer = Evolution Rail ([[Downer Rail]], [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles|CRRC Changchun]] and [[Plenary Group]])
| assembly = [[Newport Workshops]] (final assembly)
| factory = [[Changchun]], China
| replaced = [[Comeng (train)|Comeng]] (projected)
| yearconstruction = 2018–present
| yearservice = {{start date|2020|12|27|df=y}}
| refurbishment =
| numberconstruction = 25
| numberbuilt = 40<ref name="vicsig" />
| numberservice = 23
| formation = 7-car sets Tc–DMp–Mp1–DT–Mp2–DMp–Tc
| fleetnumbers = E001–E065<ref name="vicsig">[https://vicsig.net/suburban/train/HCMT High Capacity Metro Trains] Vicsig</ref>
| capacity = 1,380 (gross train capacity){{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}} 1,800 (crush)<ref name="config">{{Cite web|url=https://cmsportal.metrotrains.com.au/docnum.aspx?id=A8520|title=WTT NETWORK CONFIGURATION: METRO ROLLING STOCK|website=Metro Trains Document Portal|format=PDF|access-date=2019-02-10}}</ref>
| operator = [[Metro Trains Melbourne]]
| depots = [[Pakenham East, Victoria|Pakenham East]] Calder Park
| lines = {{plainlist|
* [[Pakenham railway line|Pakenham]], [[Cranbourne railway line|Cranbourne]]
* [[Sunbury railway line|Sunbury]] (after Metro Tunnel opening)
* [[Melbourne Airport rail link|Airport]] (starts 2029)<ref>{{cite web|title=Melbourne Airport Rail Link construction to start 2022, trains to run to CBD every 10 minutes|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-21/melbourne-airport-rail-link-trains-to-run-into-cbd-every-10-min/12907286|access-date=23 December 2020|language=en}}</ref>
}}
| carbody =
| trainlength = {{convert|160.2|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| carlength = {{convert|24.65|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}} (Tc) {{convert|22.18|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}} (DMp, Mp, DT)
| width = {{convert|3.04|m|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|4186|mm|ftin|frac=16|abbr=on}}
| floorheight = {{convert|1.17|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep = Level
| doors = 6 per carriage, 3 per side<ref>{{cite web|title=MelbourneTrains.Net - Learn - HCMT|url=https://sites.google.com/view/melbournetrainsnet/learn/trains/hcmt?authuser=0|access-date=7 June 2020|language=en}}</ref>
| maxspeed = {{convert|130|km/h|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|316.9|t|abbr=on}}
| axleload = 1 sanded axle (DMp) 2 sanded axles (Mp)<ref name="config" />
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction = [[Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric|Times Electric]] [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]]–[[Variable-frequency drive|VVVF]]<ref name="suppliers">{{Cite web|url=https://transport.vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/high-capacity-metro-trains/hcmt-project-suppliers-map-with-list.pdf|title=Suppliers on the High Capacity Metro Trains Project|website=[[Department of Transport (Victoria)]]|format=PDF}}</ref>
| traction motors = [[ABB]] [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase AC]] [[induction motor]]<ref name="suppliers" />
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = {{1,500 V DC}} (nominal) from [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass =
| aarwheels =
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety = Arden-Anzac only: [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] [[Cityflo 650 CBTC|CITYFLO 650]] [[Communications-based train control|CBTC]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barrow|first1=Keith|title=Bombardier to maintain Melbourne Metro Tunnel signalling|url=https://www.railjournal.com/regions/australia-nz/bombardier-to-maintain-melbourne-metro-tunnel-signalling/|access-date=2021-11-19|work=[[International Railway Journal]]|date=2018-04-19}}</ref>
| coupling = [[Dellner]]
| multipleworking =
| seating = 502<ref name="config" />
| gauge = {{track gauge|1600mm|lk=on}} broad gauge
}}

The '''High Capacity Metro Train''' ('''HCMT''') is a type of [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) train for use by [[Metro Trains Melbourne]] on the [[Melbourne rail network]]. The first train set entered service on 27 December 2020 and will become the primary rolling stock used in the [[Metro Tunnel]] when it opens in 2025. The HCMTs carry around 1,400 passengers in seven carriages, running on Melbourne's {{1,500 V DC}} [[overhead line|overhead catenary]] system, and are currently the most advanced trains in the Metro Trains fleet. A consortium of investors and rail companies are constructing the trains in China and Australia via a contract with the [[Victorian Government]], in addition to upgrade works necessary for the operation of the trains.

== History ==
=== Background ===
The previous major procurement of rolling stock for the [[Railways in Melbourne|Melbourne rail network]] occurred in 2002, when franchisees [[M-Train|M>Train]] and [[Connex Melbourne|Connex]] ordered 62 [[Siemens Nexas]] and 58 [[X'Trapolis 100]] trains respectively, as part of their franchise agreements to replace the older [[Hitachi (Australian train)|Hitachi trains]].<ref name="Siemens PR">{{cite web|title=Siemens Transportation Systems wins major contract in Australia|url=http://www.siemens.com/page/1,3771,226112-1-18_0_0-0,00.html|website=Siemens Transportation Systems|publisher=Siemens AG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122043434/http://www.siemens.com/page/1,3771,226112-1-18_0_0-0,00.html|archive-date=22 November 2005|location=Munich|date=1 April 2000}}</ref><ref name="DPC PR 2002">{{cite web|title=X'Trapolis Welcomed To Melbourne's Railways|url=http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/11f92c2160b6c533ca256c93007bbcaf?OpenDocument|website=Media Release from the Minister for Public Transport|publisher=Department of Premier and Cabinet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050717164206/http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/798c8b072d117a01ca256c8c0019bb01/11f92c2160b6c533ca256c93007bbcaf?OpenDocument|archive-date=17 July 2005|date=18 December 2002}}</ref> However, the Siemens units suffered major braking issues over the following decade, causing their repeated withdrawal from service;<ref name="Age Jan 2010">{{cite news|last1=Sexton|first1=Reid|title=Siemens trains the biggest cause of rail delays|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/siemens-trains-the-biggest-cause-of-rail-delays-20100130-n5jo.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=The Age|date=31 January 2010}}</ref> when the [[Government of Victoria|State Government]] tendered for 18 further six-carriage trains in 2007, it restricted bids to the previous two models ordered and awarded the contract to Alstom.<ref name="DPC PR 2007">{{cite web|title=18 More Trains Ordered For Metropolitan Rail System|url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/bc348d5912436a9cca256cfc0082d800/7180e6f43c8354ecca2573ba0080658e!OpenDocument|website=Media Release from the Minister for Public Transport|publisher=Department of Premier and Cabinet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019174552/http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/domino/Web_Notes/newmedia.nsf/bc348d5912436a9cca256cfc0082d800/7180e6f43c8354ecca2573ba0080658e!OpenDocument|archive-date=19 October 2009|date=21 December 2007}}</ref> Several further orders were placed for X'Trapolis trains over the next 10 years.

The Public Transport Development Authority (later branded as [[Public Transport Victoria]]) was created in 2011 by the newly-elected state government of Premier [[Ted Baillieu]] with the intent of, among other things, running major studies into the operation of the metropolitan rail network.<ref name="Age PTV creation">{{cite news|last1=Lucas|first1=Clay|title=Comeback for Kennett-era transport chief|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/comeback-for-kennettera-transport-chief-20110823-1j8hu.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=The Age|date=24 August 2011}}</ref> The [[Network Development Plan Metropolitan Rail]] (NDPMR), released publicly in early 2013 in the partial fulfillment of this objective, was designed as a series of concrete proposals for the expansion and consolidation of the rail network over the following 20 years.<ref name="Age NDPMR">{{cite news|last1=Gough|first1=Deborah|title=Major rail projects expected in 20 years|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/major-rail-projects-expected-in-20-years-20130326-2gt8r.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=The Age|date=27 March 2013}}</ref> The NDPMR's first stage, intended to be completed before 2016, acknowledged the need for an interim solution of several more X'Trapolis trains to overcome major constraints,{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=7}} as well as recommending the internal reconfiguration of Siemens and [[Comeng (train)|Comeng]] trains to increase capacity,{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=72}} but identified the provision of new rolling stock as critical to the cost-effective use of existing railway infrastructure.{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=34}}

Among the deficiencies of existing rolling stock noted by the NDPMR were "multi-purpose" designs intended to strike a balance between [[commuter rail]] and [[rapid transit|metro]] operations, and the failure of existing trains to use the entire length of metropolitan [[railway platform|platforms]].{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=34}} The NDPMR rejected [[Bilevel rail car|double-decker trains]] on the basis that they would increase [[Dwell time (transportation)|dwell time]] at crowded stations, and argued that 220 metre trains, formed by operating the existing three car sets as nine car trains, would require extensive and prohibitively expensive infrastructure works, particularly in the [[City Loop]]. Instead, it recommended the procurement of single-level trains with a fixed number of cars, increased standing room and a length of {{convert|153|m|ft}}, with the capacity for expansion to {{cvt|220|m|ft}} upon the opening of the [[Metro Tunnel]]. The NDPMR envisaged these trains with a maximum capacity of 1,100 and 1,600 passengers respectively.{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=35}}

The NDPMR envisaged that these high-capacity trains would completely replace the Comeng fleet by 2032, and be used primarily on the [[Sunshine railway station, Melbourne|Sunshine]]–[[Dandenong railway station|Dandenong]] line created by the Metro Tunnel. Furthermore, it identified the need for the new trains to include [[cab signalling]] to reduce the [[headway]] required between trains, and for the construction of new maintenance facilities at several points on the network.{{sfn|NDPMR|2012|p=137}}

Prior to the [[2014 Victorian election]], then-Premier [[Denis Napthine]] promised an order of 25 of the proposed high-capacity trains if his incumbent [[Liberal-National Coalition]] government was returned for a second term.<ref name="Age Mar 2014">{{cite news|last1=Dowling|first1=Jason|title=Transport boost with 25 new trains for Cranbourne, Pakenham lines|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/transport-boost-with-25-new-trains-for-cranbourne-pakenham-lines-20140306-3492j.html|access-date=7 December 2017|work=The Age|date=6 March 2014}}</ref>

=== Order and design phase ===
In June 2015, the new [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Government of Victoria|Victorian Government]] under Premier [[Daniel Andrews]] announced that expressions of interest would be requested for 37 new trains to be delivered and maintained for the Melbourne rail network.<ref name="Age June 2015">{{cite news|last1=Preiss|first1=Benjamin|title=Andrews government to spend $1.3b on high-capacity trains|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/andrews-government-to-spend-13b-on-highcapacity-trains-20150629-gi0ek0.html|access-date=7 December 2017|work=The Age|date=29 June 2015}}</ref>

In November 2015, three consortia were shortlisted to build and maintain 37 trains:<ref name="RG Nov 2015">{{cite news|title=Three shortlisted for Melbourne’s High Capacity Metro Trains contract|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/three-shortlisted-for-melbournes-high-metro-capacity-trains-contract.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]|date=13 November 2015|language=en}}</ref>
* Bombardier: [[Bombardier Transportation]], [[Macquarie Group|Macquarie Bank]], [[Itochu]] & Infrared Capital Partners
* Eureka Rail: [[Alstom]], [[MUFG Bank|Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ]] & [[John Laing Group|John Laing]]
* '''Evolution Rail: [[Downer Rail]], [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles]] & [[Plenary Group]]'''

In March 2016, the order was increased to 65.<ref name="RG Mar 2016">{{cite news|title=Melbourne high capacity train order increased|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/melbourne-high-capacity-train-order-increased.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=15 March 2016|language=en}}</ref>

In September 2016, the contract was awarded to the Evolution Rail consortium. New depots to maintain the trains will be built in [[Pakenham, Victoria|Pakenham East]] and [[Calder Park, Victoria|Calder Park]].<ref name="VicPrem Sep 2016">{{cite web|title=1,100 Jobs With 65 New Trains Built In Victoria, For Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/1100-jobs-with-65-new-trains-built-in-victoria-for-victoria/|website=Premier of Victoria|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129115013/https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/1100-jobs-with-65-new-trains-built-in-victoria-for-victoria/|archive-date=29 November 2017|date=12 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="RG Sep 2016">{{cite news|title=Evolution Rail to supply Melbourne high capacity EMUs|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/evolution-rail-to-supply-melbourne-high-capacity-emus.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=12 September 2016|language=en}}</ref> By September of the following year, a full-scale mock-up of two carriages had been constructed and was presented to Minister for Public Transport [[Jacinta Allan]].<ref name="RG Sep 2017">{{cite news|title=CRRC presents Melbourne EMU mock-up|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/crrc-presents-melbourne-emu-mock-up-1.html|access-date=29 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=7 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> The mock-up was made available to [[train driver|drivers]], technicians, representatives of the [[Public Transport Users Association]] and passenger groups including the visually impaired and those with physical disabilities. The Evolution Rail consortium noted that this last stage in the design process marked the fulfilment of the project's first major contractual obligation.<ref name="RG Nov 2017">{{cite news|title=High Capacity Metro Train mock-up supports design process|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/high-capacity-metro-train-mock-up-supports-design-process.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=Railway Gazette International|date=25 November 2017|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:HCMT-9002-testing-Newport-Jan2020.jpg|thumb|right|HCMT set E002 undergoing testing at {{rwsa|Newport|M}} in January 2020]] In late 2017, the Locomotive Division of the [[Australian Rail Tram and Bus Union (Victorian branch)|Victorian Rail Tram and Bus Union]] lodged proceedings in the [[Federal Court of Australia]] against Metro Trains, claiming that the consortium, government and Metro planned to introduce a lower standard of training for operators of the HCMT. It furthermore refused to support the implementation of the new rolling stock unless all electric train drivers were trained in the operation of the HCMT.<ref name="LL Sep 17">{{cite news|last1=Marotta|first1=Marc|title=Secretary's Report|url=http://www.rtbuvicloco.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/LocoLines-Edition-69-SEP-2017.pdf|access-date=30 November 2017|work=LocoLines|issue=69|publisher=RTBU Victorian Locomotive Division|date=September 2017|pages=3–7}}</ref> Among the union's objections to the project are the necessary changes in work practice and the increased automation of certain processes.<ref name="Age Nov 2017" /> This followed criticism by the [[Australian Workers' Union]] of the decision to award the contract to Evolution Rail instead of Bombardier, the latter of which had an established manufacturing operation in [[Dandenong]].<ref name="HS Aug 2016" /> The government announced the awarding of several subcontracts for the project in December.<ref name="PR Dec 2017">{{cite web|title=Melbourne’s Bigger Trains Creating Jobs Boom|url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbournes-bigger-trains-creating-jobs-boom/|website=Premier of Victoria|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083407/https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbournes-bigger-trains-creating-jobs-boom/|archive-date=13 December 2017|date=5 December 2017}}</ref>

The mockup carriages used for the consultation phase were placed on public display at [[Birrarung Marr]] from 9–17 February 2018. The display concluded during Melbourne's [[White Night festivals|White Night]] event with a light show.<ref name="PR Feb 2018">{{cite web|title=Melbourne, Meet Your New Train|url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/melbourne-meet-your-new-train/|website=Premier of Victoria|access-date=11 March 2018|date=7 February 2018}}</ref>

By June of that year, manufacturing had commenced, with the first body shells arriving at Newport Workshops from CRRC's facility in China.<ref name="RE Jun 2018">{{cite news |last1=Loneragan |first1=David |title=New high capacity trains being assembled in Melbourne – Rail Express |url=https://www.railexpress.com.au/new-high-capacity-trains-being-assembled-in-melbourne/ |access-date=16 June 2018 |work=Rail Express |date=14 June 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

The HCMTs were expected to begin testing in November 2018 and enter passenger service on the [[Cranbourne railway line|Cranbourne]] and [[Pakenham railway line|Pakenham]] lines in 2019.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}} <ref name="9NewsMelb Aug 2019">{{cite news|title=Twelve month delay for Melbourne's new $2.3 billion high-capacity trains|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/news-melbourne-twelve-month-delay-for-melbourne-s-new-23-billion-high-capacity-trains/56c115c7-c7a8-4b37-8d4d-18c289045a73|work=9News Melbourne|date=9 August 2019|language=en}}</ref> [[File:HCMT Set 3 rises into Heatherdale returning from testing on the Belgrave Line.jpg|thumb|HCMT set E003 rising into {{rwsa|Heatherdale}} returning from testing on the Belgrave line]]

The first revenue service for the HCMT was the 8:31am service from Pakenham on the [[Pakenham railway line|Pakenham line]] on 27 December 2020. This was an extra service and regular timetabled services didn't commence until 31 January 2021, when the new [[Public Transport Victoria|PTV]] timetable was introduced.<ref>[https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/more/the-new-timetable-for-victorias-train-network/ New services and new timetables] Public Transport Victoria</ref>

== Contract and construction ==
The trains are being delivered as a [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) between the State of Victoria and Evolution Rail Pty Ltd, under the Partnerships Victoria agency. The initial contract specified that the consortium would be responsible for the design, construction and delivery of 65 trains, as well as the construction of a heavy maintenance facility and depot in Pakenham East, the construction of a light maintenance facility in Calder Park, and the provision of two [[train simulator|simulators]] for driver training. It also stated that the consortium would be responsible for the maintenance of the HCMTs throughout their lifetime, as well as the operation and maintenance of the depots and simulators over the same time frame.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=5}}

{{anchor|Evolution Rail}}
Evolution Rail is a [[consortium]] composed of [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles]], [[Downer Rail]] and [[Plenary Group]].<ref name="HS Aug 2016">{{cite news|last1=Galloway|first1=Anthony|title=Problems with trains of Chinese company bidding for Victorian contract|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/problems-with-trains-of-chinese-company-bidding-for-victorian-contract/news-story/57bc1a1bec6a3eb960a764a61138103c|access-date=7 December 2017|work=Herald Sun|date=24 August 2016|language=en}}</ref>

CRRC Changchun is leading the development and design for the HCMTs, and is manufacturing the train bodies as a [[joint venture]] with Downer Rail. 60% of construction is "local content" from a Victorian manufacturing [[supply chain]]. Downer leads the delivery and maintenance of the sets, as well as the construction of the new rail yard facilities.<ref name="Plenary fact sheet">{{cite web|title=High Capacity Metro Trains|url=https://plenarygroup.com/assets/downloads/factsheets/plenary-HCMT-factsheet-.pdf|publisher=Plenary Group|access-date=7 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Frames for [[bogie]]s will be manufactured by Hoffman Engineering in [[Bendigo]].<ref name="BA Nov 2017">{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Adam|title=Hofmann Engineering sheds 15 staff in Bendigo|url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/5064181/hofmann-engineering-sheds-15-staff-in-bendigo/|access-date=20 November 2017|work=Bendigo Advertiser|date=17 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> The Australian arm of [[Times Electric]] is manufacturing the [[traction motor]]s and other electrical systems in [[Morwell, Victoria|Morwell]], and SIGMA Air Conditioning is building the [[heating]] and [[cooling]] systems in [[Derrimut, Victoria|Derrimut]].<ref name="PR Dec 2017" /> Assembly of [[wheelset (rail transport)|wheel sets]] and [[bogie]]s is being performed by Downer at [[Newport Workshops]]. Plenary Group is responsible for the financial management of the project, and the debt is financed by a group of [[Investment banking|investment banks]] led by [[Westpac]].{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=19}}

The contract did not prescribe specific design elements of the HCMTs, but required that the design fulfil a number of objectives, centred on the provision of a "safe and comfortable journey for passengers".{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=6}}

The total value of the PPP is around $2.3 billion.<ref name="Age Nov 2017">{{cite news|last1=Carey|first1=Adam|title=Union signals rough ride for rollout of government's high-capacity trains|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/union-signals-rough-ride-for-rollout-of-governments-highcapacity-trains-20170609-gwo9jm.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=The Age|date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

== Design ==
The HCMT are based on the Type A design used by CRRC Changchun.<ref name="RG Nov 2017" /> The trains will have seven carriages initially, with a total passenger capacity of 1,380.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}} However, provision will be made for the trains to be extended to 10 carriages for a capacity of more than 1,970.<ref name="Age May 2017">{{cite news|last1=Carey|first1=Adam|title=2000 people per train: Metro's standing room-only future revealed|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/2000-people-per-train-metros-standing-roomonly-future-revealed-20170528-gwettp.html|access-date=30 November 2017|work=The Age|date=29 May 2017}}</ref> An [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] nose cone and retractable cover for the [[Coupler (railroad)|couplers]] at each end of the trains has been designed to reduce the incidence of [[train surfing]] when the HCMTs are in operation.<ref name="9News Aug 2017">{{cite news|last1=Lund|first1=Andrew|title=New high-capacity trains to curb dangerous train surfing in Melbourne|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/08/28/20/53/victoria-introduces-new-metro-trains|access-date=7 December 2017|work=9 News|date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

[[File:HCMT at Carnegie.jpg|thumb|HCMT set E009 at {{rwsa|Carnegie}}|258x258px]]

Approximately 30–40% of passengers will be seated when the train is at full capacity. The standing areas of the train will offer multiple types of straps and handles for the safety of standing passengers, and wide doors for rapid ingress and egress from these areas. As well as 70 [[Passenger information display system|passenger information displays]] (PIDs) in each train, [[Wi-Fi]] connection will be available throughout the passenger areas.<ref name="Broadsheet May 2017">{{cite news|last1=Tan|first1=Steffanie|title=65 New High-Capacity Trains Will be Added to the Melbourne Network|url=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/melbourne/city-file/standing-only-future-metro-trains|access-date=19 April 2018|work=Broadsheet|date=29 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> The PIDs will show the next station, current time, and the train's location on an adapted rail map. Displays on the front and sides of the train will indicate its destination.<ref name="PTUA mockup">{{cite web|title=Inside Melbourne’s new trains|url=https://www.ptua.org.au/2017/10/06/inside-melb-new-trains/|publisher=Public Transport Users Association|access-date=30 November 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref> Twenty-eight wheelchair spaces and wide aisles between seats will enable easy access for passengers with disabilities.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=9}}<ref name="Age May 2017" />

A number of semi-automated features will be implemented in the HCMT design, including the capacity for low-speed [[Shunting (rail)|shunting]] by remote control and for trains to be started without a driver present. The trains will also automatically estimate the passenger load, and the reading can be accessed remotely.<ref name="Age May 2017" /> Furthermore, the HCMTs will include "stopping aids" to maximize accuracy of the position of train's arrival at platforms.
Drivers will also have the capacity to open individual doors on the trains.{{sfn|DEDJTR|2017|p=13}}
 

{| class="wikitable" summary="HCMT" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background-color:#ccc; width:7em;" |
| colspan="7" | {{TrainDirection|3=HCMT rolling stock configuration<ref name="config" />|1={{stnlnkA|Sunbury|M}}|2={{stnlnkA|Pakenham}} or {{stnlnkA|Cranbourne}}}}
|-style="border-top:solid 4px #{{rcr|Melbourne}};"
! style="width:7em" | Car position
| style="width:6em" | 1
| style="width:6em" | 2
| style="width:6em" | 3
| style="width:6em" | 4
| style="width:6em" | 5
| style="width:6em" | 6
| style="width:6em" | 7
|-style="border-top:solid 4px #{{rcr|Melbourne}};"
! Pantograph
|
| style="text-align:left;" | <
| style="text-align:left;" | <
|
| style="text-align:right;" | >
| style="text-align:right;" | >
|
|-
! Car type
| 90xx (Tc)
| 91xx (DMp)
| 92xx (Mp1)
| 93xx (DT)
| 97xx (Mp2)
| 98xx (DMp)
| 99xx (Tc)
|-
|-
! Main features
| Control cab
| Inter-car door
|
| Inter-car door
|
| Inter-car door
| Control cab
|-
! Sanded axles
| 0 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0
|-
! Numbers
| 9001 : 9065
| 9101 : 9165
| 9201 : 9265
| 9301 : 9365
| 9701 : 9765
| 9801 : 9865
| 9901 : 9965
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite book|title=Network Development Plan – Metropolitan Rail|date=December 2012|publisher=[[Public Transport Victoria]]|url=https://static.ptv.vic.gov.au/siteassets/PTV/PTV%20docs/Metro-rail-network-development-plan/PTV_Network-Development-Plan_Metropolitan-Rail_2016update.pdf|access-date=29 November 2017|ref={{sfnref|NDPMR|2012}}}}
*{{cite book|title=High Capacity Metro Trains Project: Project Summary|date=February 2017|publisher=[[Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources]]|url=http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1433876/HCMT_Project-Summary.pdf|access-date=29 November 2017|ref={{sfnref|DEDJTR|2017}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520012442/http://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1433876/HCMT_Project-Summary.pdf|archive-date=20 May 2017}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{VRLocos|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Changchun Railway Vehicles]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Melbourne rail rollingstock]]
[[Category:Proposed public transport in Australia]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 2020]]