Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Gedenkfeierlichkeiten für Nelson Mandela

2013-12-06T04:51:31Z

Gsingh: /* North America */ added statement by Canadian PM, reformatted Bill Clinton statement

{{Under construction}}
[[Nelson Mandela]] died on December 5, 2013 at the age of 95, at his home in [[Houghton Estate|Houghton]], [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] surrounded by his family after a prolonged lung infection.<ref name="BBCD">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25249520|title=South Africa's Nelson Mandela dies in Johannesburg|date=December 5, 2013|publisher=''[[BBC News]]''|accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref> His death was announced by Preside[Jacob Zuma]].<ref name="BBCD" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/world/africa/nelson-mandela.html?_r=0|title=Mandela’s Death Leaves South Africa Without Its Moral Center|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|author=Polgreen, Lydia|date=5 December 2013|accessdate=2013-12-05}}</ref>

==Countries and territories==
===Africa===
{{Expand section}}

* {{Flag|Nigeria}}: President [[Goodluck Jonathan]] expressed condolences and noted that Mandela "will always be remembered and honoured by all mankind as one of its greatest liberators, a wise, courageous and compassionate leader, and an icon of true democracy."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/12/06/mandela-greatest-inspiration-for-oppressed-says-jonathan/}}</ref>
* {{Flag|South Africa}}: Following the announcement of Mandela's death, South Africans held a candlelight vigil outside of his home in Johannesburg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/05/south-africa-reacts-nelson-mandela-death_n_3487732.html}}</ref>

===Asia===
{{Expand section}}

* {{Flag|India}}: Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] expressed that "A giant among men has passed away. This is as much India's loss as South Africa's. He was a true Gandhian. His life and work will remain a source of eternal inspiration for generations to come. I join all those who are praying for his soul."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Nelson-Mandela-anti-apartheid-icon-dies-at-95/articleshow/26932146.cms/}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Japan}}: Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] offered his condolences to the South African people and noted Mr. Mandela's friendly relations with Japan as well as expressing that "his noble spirit lives on in our hearts and will do so forever." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://foreignaffairs.co.nz/2013/12/06/statement-by-prime-minister-shinzo-abe-on-the-passing-of-h-e-mr-nelson-rolihlahla-mandela-former-president-of-the-republic-of-south-africaspeeches-and-statements/}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Malaysia}}: Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] on his twitter expressing that "Mandela lives on in the spirit of every human that believes in democracy and freedom. Thank you for your legacy, Madiba."
* {{Flag|Israel}}: "Mandela was one of the most honorable figures of our time ... a man of vision, a freedom fighter who rejected violence." - Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu{{cn}}

===Europe===
{{Expand section}}

* {{Flag|Ireland}}: Irish Taoiseach [[Enda Kenny]] expressed his sympathies and wrote, "Today, a great light has been extinguished. The boy from the Transkei has finished his long walk. His journey transformed not just South Africa, but humanity itself."<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/tributes-paid-worldwide-to-a-great-light-nelson-mandela-29814136.html|title=Tributes paid worldwide to a 'great light' Nelson Mandela|publisher=''[[The Independent]]''|accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United Kingdom}}: British Prime Minister David Cameron was one of the first to express his grief on Twitter, calling Mandela "a hero of our time."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/world-leaders-south-africans-react-to-nelson-mandelas-death/2013/12/05/bdeb446e-5e0b-11e3-be07-006c776266ed_story.html |title=World leaders, South Africans react to Nelson Mandela’s death |publisher=''[[The Washington Post]]'' |accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>

===North America===
{{Expand section}}
* {{Flag|Bahamas}}: Bahamian Prime Minister [[Perry Christie]] expressed condolences to Mandela's family and the people of South Africa, while writing that "he was the personification of the timeless virtues of personal sacrifice and perseverance in the pursuit of freedom, racial equality, human dignity and moral truth for all the peoples of this planet." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bahamaspress.com/2013/12/05/prime-minister-christie-sends-condolences-to-the-people-of-south-africa-on-the-passing-of-nelson-mandela/ |title=Prime Minister Christie sends condolences to the people of South Africa on the passing of Nelson Mandela |publisher=Bahamas Press |accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Canada}}: Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] released a statement, “With the death of Nelson Mandela, the world has lost one of its great moral leaders and statesmen. Mr. Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years by the former Government of South Africa, for his part in the struggle that would ultimately end the system of apartheid. Despite his long years of captivity, Mr. Mandela left prison with a heart closed to calls for a settling of scores. Instead, he was filled by a longing for truth and reconciliation, and for an understanding between all peoples. He demonstrated that the only path forward for the nation was to reject the appeal of bitterness. His forbearance was legendary: his magnanimity spared all South Africans incalculable suffering. Nelson Mandela’s enduring legacy for his country, and the world, is the example he set through his own ‘long walk to freedom.’ With grace and humility, he modelled how peoples can transform their own times and in doing so, their own lives. On behalf of the Government of Canada and all Canadians, Laureen and I extend our condolences to Mr. Mandela’s widow, Graça Machel, his entire family and all citizens of South Africa. Canada, a nation that granted Mr. Mandela honorary citizenship in 2001, mourns with you and the entire world today.” <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2013/12/05/statement-prime-minister-canada-death-nelson-mandela#sthash.qo6Ke8jo.dpuf | title=Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the Death of Nelson Mandela| publisher=Government of Canada | date=5 December 2013 | accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Haiti}}: Haitian Prime Minister [[Laurent Lamothe]] expressed condolences to Mandela's family and wrote that "Haiti will never forget this great leader."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=294312 | title=World leaders pay tribute to Mandela | publisher=Ghanaweb.com | date=5 December 2013 | accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Jamaica}}: Prime Minister [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] expressed sadness and wrote that Mandela was "without a doubt one of the greatest human beings in the history of humanity" and an inspiration to all persons of African descent. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://go-jamaica.com/news/read_article.php?id=49752 |title=PM Simpson Miller hails Mandela as a great freedom fighter |publisher=Go-Jamaica |date=5 December 2013{{</ref>
* {{Flag|United States}}: President Barack Obama gave a 4 1/2 minute speech after the announcement of Mandela's passing, stating "I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life, I would study his words, his writings. The day he was released from prison gave me sense of what human beings can do when they're guided by their hopes and not by their fears." He continued, "For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived, a man who took history in his hands."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nelson-mandela-dead-obama-statement-2013-12 | title=Obama: Nelson Mandela "Belongs to the Ages" | last1=Logiurato | first1=Brett | publisher=Business Insider | date=5 December 2013 | accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United States}}: Former President [[Bill Clinton]] wrote "I will never forget my friend Madiba." {{cn}}

===Oceania===
{{Expand section}}
* {{Flag|Australia}}: Prime Minister Tony Abbott said while he had never met Mr Mandela, he thought he was an extraordinary man. "Nelson Mandela was one of the great figures of Africa… and arguably one of the great figures of the century". he also added: "Mr Mandela would be remembered not just as a political leader but a "moral leader".<ref>[http://www.news.com.au/world/prominent-australians-heap-praise-on-nelson-mandelas-legacy/story-fndir2ev-1226776731751 Prominent Australians heap praise on Nelson Mandela's legacy]</ref>

===South America===
{{Expand section}}

* {{Flag|Bolivia}}: Bolivian President [[Evo Morales]] expressed condolences to the people of South Africa and wrote that Mandela remains a strength and an inspiration. The Bolivian Senate observed a moment of silence to remember Mr. Mandela. <ref>[http://www.la-razon.com/mundo/personalidades/Presidente-Evo-Morales-Bolivia-Mandela_0_1955804509.html Presidente Evo Morales y políticos de Bolivia expresan profundo pesar por la muerte de Mandela]</ref>
* {{Flag|Brazil}}: Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff commented that Mandela was "the biggest personality of the 20th century. Mandela conducted with passion and intelligence one of the most important processes of human emancipation in contemporary history - the end of Apartheid in South Africa."{{cn}}

==Individuals==
Actor [[Idris Elba]], who portrays Mandela in the 2013 film "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom", commented "What an honor it was to step into the shoes of Nelson Mandela and portray a man who defied odds, broke down barriers, and championed human rights before the eyes of the world. My thoughts and prayers are with his family."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/12/05/nelson-mandela-dies-reaction/3883767/}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Nelson Mandela}}
{{Portal bar|Death|Human rights|South Africa}}

[[Category:2013 in international relations]]
[[Category:International reactions]]
[[Category:Nelson Mandela]]

Benutzerin:Kritzolina/Kamala Surayya

2012-01-05T06:23:43Z

Gsingh: added Category:Manipal University alumni using HotCat

{{Infobox writer 
| name = Kamala Suraiyya (formerly known as Kamala Das)
| image = kamala das.jpg
| pseudonym = Madhavikkutty|
| birth_date = {{birth date|1934|03|31}}
| birth_place = [[Punnayurkulam]], [[Malabar District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[short story writer]]
| nationality = Indian
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|2009|05|31|1934|03|31}}
| death_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| genre = [[Poetry]], [[Short story]]
| subject =
| movement =
| influences =
| spouse = Madhava Das
| awards = Ezhuthachchan Puraskaram, [[Vayalar Award]], [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], [[Asan World Prize]], [[Asian Poetry Prize]], [[Kent Award]]
| website =
}}
'''Kamala Suraiyya''' (b. '''Kamala Madhavikutty''') ([[Malayalam]] കമലാ സുരയ്യ / മാധവിക്കുട്ടി) (31 March 1934 – 31 May 2009) was a major [[Indian English]] poet and literateur and at the same time a leading [[Malayalam]] author from [[Kerala state]], [[South India]]. Her popularity in [[Kerala]] is based chiefly on her short stories and autobiography, while her oeuvre in English, written under the name '''Kamala Das''', is noted for the fiery poems and explicit autobiography.

Her open and honest treatment of female sexuality, free from any sense of guilt, infused her writing with power, but also marked her as an [[Iconoclasm|iconoclast]] in her generation.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jul/19inter.htm Interview with Rediff]</ref> On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in [[Pune]],<ref>{{cite news
|publisher = The Hindu
|title = PM mourns Kamala Das's death, praises her sensitive poems
|url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200905312123.htm
|date = 31 May 2009
|accessdate = 04-06-2009
|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> but has earned considerable respect in recent years.

==Early life==
Kamala Das was born in [[Punnayurkulam]], [[Thrissur District]] in [[Kerala]], on March 31, 1934, to V. M. Nair, a former managing [[editing|editor]] of the widely-circulated Malayalam daily ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'', and [[Balamani Amma|Nalappatt Balamani Amma]], a renowned [[Malayali]] poetess.

She spent her childhood between [[Calcutta]], where her father was employed as a senior officer in the Walford Transport Company that sold [[Bentley]] and [[Rolls-Royce (car)|Rolls Royce]] automobiles, and the [[Nalappatt]] ancestral home in [[Punnayurkulam]]. 

Like her mother, Kamala Das also excelled in writing. Her love of poetry began at an early age through the influence of her great uncle, Nalappatt Narayana Menon, a prominent writer.

At the age of
15, she got married to bank officer Madhava Das, who encouraged her writing interests, and she started writing and publishing both in English and in Malayalam. Calcutta in the 1960s was a tumultous time for the arts, and Kamala Das was one of the many voices that came up and started appearing in cult anthologies along with a generation of Indian English poets.<ref>http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/books/nandy-1977-strangertime-anthology-of.html</ref>

==Literary career==
She was noted for her many Malayalam short stories as well as many poems written in English. Das was also a [[syndicated columnist]]. She once claimed that
''"poetry does not sell in this country [India]"'', but her forthright columns, which sounded off on everything from women's issues and child care to politics, were popular.

Das' first book of poetry, ''Summer In Calcutta'' was a breath of fresh air in Indian English poetry. She wrote chiefly of love, its betrayal, and the consequent anguish. Ms. Das abandoned the certainties offered by an archaic, and somewhat sterile, aestheticism for an independence of mind and body at a time when Indian poets were still governed by "19th-century diction, sentiment and romanticised love."<ref name=times>
{{cite news
| title = Kamala Das: Indian poet and writer
| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6488710.ece
| work = [[The Times]]
| date = June 13, 2009
| accessdate = may 28, 2011
}}</ref>
Her second book of poetry, ''The descendants'' was even more explicit, urging women to:
:Gift him what makes you woman, the scent of
:Long hair, the musk of sweat between the breasts,
:The warm shock of menstrual blood, and all your
:Endless female hungers ..." - ''The Looking Glass''
This directness of her voice led to comparisons with [[Marguerite Duras]] and [[Sylvia Plath]]<ref name=times/>

At the age of 42, she published a daring autobiography, ''My Story''; it was originally written in Malayalam and later she translated it into English. Later she admitted that much of the autobiography had fictional elements.<ref>
{{cite news
| title = Obituary : Kamala Das - Indian writer and poet who inspired women struggling to be free of domestic oppression
| author = Shahnaz Habib
| publisher = [[The Guardian]]
| url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/18/obituary-kamala-das
| date = 18 June 2009
| accessdate = 28 may 2011
}}</ref>

Kamala Das wrote on a diverse range of topics, often disparate- from the story of a poor old servant, about the sexual disposition of upper middle class women living near a metropolitan city or in the middle of the ghetto. Some of her better-known stories include ''Pakshiyude Manam'', ''Neypayasam'', ''Thanuppu'', and ''Chandana Marangal''.
She wrote a few novels, out of which ''Neermathalam Pootha Kalam'', which was received favourably by the reading public as well as the critics, stands out.

She travelled extensively to read poetry to Germany's [[University of Duisburg-Essen]], [[University of Bonn]] and [[University of Duisburg]] universities, Adelaide Writer's Festival , [[Frankfurt Book Fair]], [[University of Kingston]], [[Jamaica]], [[Singapore]], and South Bank Festival (London), [[Concordia University (Montreal)|Concordia University]] (Montreal, Canada), etc. Her works are available in French, Spanish, Russian, German and Japanese.

She has also held positions as Vice chairperson in [[Kerala Sahitya Academy]], chairperson in Kerala forestry Board, President of the Kerala Children's Film Society, editor of [[Poet (magazine)|''Poet'' magazine]]<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/31270799.cms Love and longing]</ref> and Poetry editor of [[Illustrated Weekly of India]].

Although occasionally seen as an attention-grabber in her early years,<ref name=hindu/> she is now seen as one of the most formative influences on Indian English poetry. In 2009, [[The Times]] called her "the mother of modern English Indian poetry".<ref name=times/>

==Conversion to Islam==
She was born in a conservative Hindu [[Nair]] (Nallappattu) family having royal ancestry,<ref>Untying and retying the text: an analysis of Kamala Das's My story, by Ikbala Kaura, 1990. p.188</ref> she embraced Islam in 1999 at the age of 65 and assumed the name Kamala Surayya. Her conversion was rather controversial, among social and literary circles, with [[The Hindu]] calling it part of her "histrionics".<ref name=hindu>http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/02/06/stories/1306078m.htm</ref> She said she liked being behind the protective veil of the purdah.<ref>http://www.islamicbulletin.com/newsletters/issue_19/embraced.aspx</ref> Later, she said it was not worth it to change one's religion.<ref>{{cite news |first=Suresh |last=Kohli |coauthors= |title=Still a rebel writer |work= The Hindu|page= |date=August 13, 2006 |accessdate=June 23, 2009 |quote="I fell in love with a Muslim after my husband's death. He was kind and generous in the beginning. But I now feel one shouldn't change one's religion. It is not worth it." |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/13/stories/2006081300080500.htm |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

==Politics==
Though never politically active before, she launched a national political party, '''Lok Seva Party''', aiming asylum to orphaned mothers and promotion of secularism. In 1984 she unsuccessfully contested in the Indian Parliament elections.<ref>[http://www.zeenews.com/news535736.html ''Zee News'' article ("Noted writer Kamala Das Suraiya passes away"]</ref>

==Personal life==
Kamala Das had three sons - [[M D Nalapat]], Chinnen Das and Jayasurya Das.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kamala-Das-passes-away/articleshow/4599921.cms Kamala Das passes away]</ref> [[Madhav Das Nalapat]], the eldest, is married to Princess Lakshmi Bayi (daughter of M.R.Ry. Sri Chembrol Raja Raja Varma Avargal) from the [[Travancore]] Royal House.<ref>http://www.royalark.net/India/trava4.htm</ref> He holds the [[UNESCO]] Peace Chair and Professor of [[geopolitics]] at the [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education]]. He was formerly a resident editor of the ''[[Times of India]]''.

On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in [[Pune]]. Her body was flown to her home state of Kerala. She was buried at the [[Palayam / Cantonment|Palayam]] Juma Masjid at [[Thiruvanathapuram]] with full state honour.<ref>{{cite news
|publisher = The Hindu
|title = Kerala pays tributes to Kamala Surayya
|url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200906011831.htm
|date = 1 June 2009
|accessdate = 04-06-2009
|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|publisher = The Hindu
|title = Tributes showered on Kamala Suraiya
|url = http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/02/stories/2009060253900400.htm
|date = 2 June 2009
|accessdate = 04-06-2009}}</ref>

==Awards and other recognitions==
Kamala Das has received many awards for her literary contribution, including:
*Nominated and shortlisted for Nobel Prize in 1984.<ref>http://www.enotes.com/poetry-criticism/das-kamala</ref>
*Asian Poetry Prize-1998
*Kent Award for English Writing from Asian Countries-1999
*Asian World Prize-2000
*Ezhuthachan Award-2009
*[[Sahitya Academy Award]]-2003
*[[Vayalar Award]]2001
*[[Kerala Sahitya Academy Award]]-2005
*[[Muttathu Varkey#Muttathu Varkey Awards|Muttathu Varkey Award]]<ref>[http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/awards.htm Literary Awards - official website of Onformation and Public Relation Department]</ref>

She was a longtime friend of [[Canada|Canadian]] writer [[Merrily Weisbord]], who published a memoir of their friendship, ''The Love Queen of Malabar'', in 2010.<ref name=revelations>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/books/merrily-weisbord-and-kamala-das-reciprocal-revelations/article1777928/ "Merrily Weisbord and Kamala Das: Reciprocal revelations"]. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', October 29, 2010.</ref>

==Bibliography==
===English===
* 1964: The Sirens (Asian Poetry Prize winner)
* 1965: Summer in Calcutta (poetry; Kent's Award winner)
* 1967: The Descendants (poetry)
* 1973: The Old Playhouse and Other Poems (poetry)
* 1976: My Story (autobiography)
* 1977: Alphabet of Lust (novel)
* 1985: The Anamalai Poems (poetry)
* 1992: Padmavati the Harlot and Other Stories (collection of short stories)
* 1996: Only the Soul Knows How to Sing (poetry)
* 2001: Yaa Allah (collection of poems)
* 1979: Tonight,This Savage Rite (with Pritish Nandy)

===Malayalam===
* 1964: ''Pakshiyude Manam'' (short stories)
* 1966: ''Naricheerukal Parakkumbol'' (short stories)
* 1968: ''Thanuppu'' (short story, Sahitya Academi award)
* 1982: ''Ente Katha'' (autobiography)
* 1987: ''Balyakala Smaranakal'' (Childhood Memories)
* 1989: ''Varshangalkku Mumbu'' (Years Before)
* 1990: ''Palayan'' (novel)
* 1991: ''Neypayasam'' (short story)
* 1992: ''Dayarikkurippukal'' (novel)
* 1994: ''Neermathalam Pootha Kalam'' (novel, [[Vayalar Award]])
* 1996: ''Chekkerunna Pakshikal'' (short stories)
* 1998: ''Nashtapetta Neelambari'' (short stories)
* 2005: ''Chandana Marangal'' (Novel)
* 2005: ''Madhavikkuttiyude Unmakkadhakal'' (short stories)2x
* 2005: ''Vandikkalakal'' (novel)

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Indian English Literature]]
* [[Indian Writing in English]]

==References==
{{reflist}} 8. [http://www.deccanherald.com/content/6643/kamala-ignited-soul.html The Ignited Soul by Shreekumar Varma]

==External links==
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/dec/16varsha.htm Varsha Bhosle on Kamala Das' conversion to Islam]
*[http://globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/other/kamala.htm "From Kamala Das to Dashi: Doing the right thing for wrong reasons?" by Dr Mohammad Omar Farooq]
*[http://www.littlemag.com/family/kamala.html Translation of ''Neypayasam'']
*[http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Das.html Eroticism and feminism in Das' writings]
*[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/02/06/stories/1306078m.htm The histrionics of Kamala Das]
*[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200906021241.htm Funeral]
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/5446382/Kamala-Suraiyya.html Kamala Suraiyya] - Daily Telegraph obituary

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Surayya, Kamala
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 March 1934
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Punnayurkulam]], [[Malabar District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 31 May 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Surayya, Kamala}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Malayalam writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam novelists]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century women writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ezhuthachan Award]]
[[Category:English-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:Manipal University alumni]]

[[ml:കമല സുറയ്യ]]
[[nl:Kamala Das]]
[[pl:Kamala Das Suraiya]]
[[ta:கமலா தாஸ்]]
[[ur:کملا داس ثریا]]

Business Development Bank of Canada

2006-06-19T04:05:37Z

Gsingh: added est. cat

The '''Business Development Bank of Canada''' is a [[crown corporation]] [[financial]] [[institution]] wholly owned by the [[Government]] of [[Canada]]. BDC plays a [[leadership]] role in delivering financial and [[consulting]] services to Canadian [[small business]], with a particular focus on [[technology]] and [[export]]ing.

BDC's [[debt]] obligations, secured by the Government of Canada, are issued to the [[public sector|public]] and [[private sector|private]] sector institutions.

==History==

'''BDBC''' started as the Industrial Development Bank (IDB) in 1944:

* 1952-1964 - Amendments to the IDB Act 1944
* 1964-1974 - diversification of services: counselling, training and planning for small business owners
* 1975 - Federal Business Development Bank replaces the IDB
* 1983 - Investment Banking Division created
* 1995 - revision of Business Development Bank of Canada Act and new name - BDBC

==Services==

The following are services provided by the BDC:
* financial services
* consulting services
* subordinate financing
* venture capital

==Executives==

* André Bourdeau - acting President and CEO
* [[Cedric Ritchie]] - Chairman of the Board
* Michel Ré - Executive Vice President, Investments
* Edmée Métivier - Executive Vice President, Integrated Risk and Technology Management
* Guy G. Beaudry - Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs and Chief Planning Officer
* Michel Bourret - Senior Vice President, Operations, Quebec and Atlantic Region
* Jacques Lemoine - Senior Vice President, Operations, Ontario Region
* Charlotte Robb - Senior Vice President, Operations, Prairies and Western Region
* Alan Marquis - Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
* Mary Karamanos - Senior Vice President, Human Resources
* Richard Morris - Vice President, Audit and Inspection
* Clément Albert - Vice President and Treasurer

==See also==

* [[Liberal Party of Canada sponsorship scandal]]

==External links==

* [http://www.bdc.ca/en/home.htm Business Development Bank of Canada Official Website]
* [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/B-9.9/9205.html Canadian Department of Justice - Business Development Bank of Canada Act text]

{{Canadian banks}}
[[Category:Banks of Canada]]
[[Category:Crown corporations of Canada]]
[[Category:1944 establishments]]

ATB Financial

2006-06-19T04:04:57Z

Gsingh:

'''Alberta Treasury Branches''', also known as '''ATB Financial''', is a [[full service financial institution]] and [[crown corporation]] owned by the [[Government of Alberta]]. ATB is not a chartered bank, and unlike other banks operating in Canada, ATB is regulated entirely by the Government of Alberta, under the authority of the Alberta Treasury Branches Act, Chapter A-37.9, 1997, and Treasury Branches Regulation 187/97. The legislation is modeled on the statutes and regulations governing other financial institutions and other guidelines to financial institutions issued by the federal Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions and the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation.

ATB was created by the first [[Social Credit Party of Alberta|Social Credit]] ministry under [[William Aberhart]] in [[1938]], after earlier attempts to place Alberta's [[bank]]s under the provincial government's control were thwarted by the [[Government of Canada|federal government]]. The first Alberta Treasury Branch was opened in [[Rocky Mountain House, Alberta|Rocky Mountain House]] on [[September 29]] of that year. ATB is the most significant surviving remnant of [[social credit]] economic policies in [[Alberta]].

ATB was [[scandal]]ized in the late [[1980s]] after clients such as [[Peter Pocklington]]'s [[Gainers Foods]] defaulted on loans that were often granted for [[politics|political]] reasons. In the [[1990s]], the government reformed ATB with the intention of transforming it into a competitive financial institution. In October [[1997]], ATB formally became a provincial crown corporation. It adopted the moniker ''ATB Financial'' in January [[2002]].

[[As of 1997]], ATB operates under a [[board of directors]] nominally appointed by the [[Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta]], although in practice these appointments are done by the [[Premier of Alberta]]. As of [[March 31]], [[2005]] ATB reported [[asset]]s of [[Canadian dollar|$]]15.4 billion, [[deposit]]s of $13.8 billion, [[loan]]s of $13.1 billion, [[ownership equity|equity]] of $1.15 billion, and a [[net income]] $187.3 million. ATB operates in Alberta only, providing financial services to some 600,000 people. ATB has 150 branches as well as 132 agencies, serving a total of 243 communities in Alberta. Wealth management services are offered under the name ATB Investor Services. ATB has 3,400 employees. Head offices are in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

As of this writing, the current [[Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta|Progressive Conservative]] government under [[Ralph Klein]] is rumoured to be considering [[privatization]] of ATB. This is opposed by many of the [[Tory|Tories']] political rivals, including a resurgent Social Credit.

==External link==

*[http://www.atb.com ATB Financial]

{{Canadian banks}}
[[Category:Alberta]]
[[Category:Crown corporations of Canada]]
[[Category:Banks of Canada]]
[[Category:1938 establishments]]

Canadian Bankers Association

2006-06-13T23:36:07Z

Gsingh:

The '''Canadian Bankers Association''' is an organization representing [[Canada]]'s [[chartered banks]] and provides services to improve the wellbeing of its membership ([[banking lobby]], policy development, research and support) and to consumers of banking services.

Established in [[1891]], it is Canada's oldest [[industry association]].

==External links==

* [http://www.cba.ca/ Canadian Bankers Association]
* [http://www.yourmoney.cba.ca There's Something About Money]

[[Category:Banks of Canada]]
[[Category:1891 establishments]]