Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

In der Halle des Bergkönigs

2007-02-24T19:10:35Z

Geevee: lang-no

'''''In the Hall of the Mountain King''''' ({{lang-no|I Dovregubbens hall}}) is a piece of orchestral music, Opus 23, composed by [[Edvard Grieg]] for [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s [[play]] ''[[Peer Gynt]]'', which premiered in [[Oslo]] on [[February 24]], [[1876]]. (It was later extracted as the final piece of [[Peer Gynt, Suite No. 1]], Op. 46.) Although a performance of the full piece runs to only two minutes, it has attained iconic status in popular culture and is easily recognized, though not, perhaps, by name.

A [[fantasy]] story written in verse, ''Peer Gynt'' tells of the adventures of the [[eponym|eponymous]] Peer. The sequence illustrated by the music of ''In the Hall of the Mountain King'' is when Peer sneaks into the Mountain King's [[castle]]. The piece then describes Peer's attempts to escape from the King and his [[trolls]] after having insulted his daughter.

==The Music==
The famous two-phrase theme, written in the key of B minor, runs thus:
:[[Image:Mountain_King_theme.PNG|550px]]
:({{Audio|Mountain_King_theme.ogg|listen}})

The simple theme begins slowly and quietly in the lowest registers of the orchestra. It is played first by the bassoons, signifying Peer Gynt's slow, careful footsteps. After being recited, the same theme is echoed, but transposed up a perfect fifth (to the key of F-sharp minor, the [[dominant (music)|dominant]] key) and played on different instruments: these are the King's trolls. The two groups of instruments then move in and out of different octaves until eventually "colliding" with each other at the same pitch; and the trolls, having spotted Peer, give chase. The tempo appropriately speeds up, and the music itself becomes increasingly louder and more melodic.

The Mountain King himself thunders onto the musical stage and runs into Peer, who quickly runs the other way; these actions are depicted with long strings of [[diatonic]] steps, interrupted by brief moments of stillness as the Mountain King looks for the hiding Peer. Peer's cover is at last blown, and the music reaches its loudest and fastest point as he runs out of the cave. A series of crashing cymbals and rapturous timpani rolls then burst forward and silence all the other instruments, with the mountain tumbling to the ground and presumably killing the trolls who had been chasing after the fleeing Peer. The piece concludes appropriately -- in both musical and theatrical terms -- with a return to the [[tonic (music)|tonic]], and ends on a final B minor chord, signifying Peer's successful escape.

==See also==
*[[In the Hall of the Mountain King in popular culture]]

[[no:I Dovregubbens hall]]
[[pl:W grocie Króla Gór]]
[[es:En la gruta del rey de la montaña]]

[[Category:Compositions by Edvard Grieg]]

In der Halle des Bergkönigs

2007-02-24T19:09:51Z

Geevee:

'''''In the Hall of the Mountain King''''' ({{no|I Dovregubbens hall}}) is a piece of orchestral music, Opus 23, composed by [[Edvard Grieg]] for [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s [[play]] ''[[Peer Gynt]]'', which premiered in [[Oslo]] on [[February 24]], [[1876]]. (It was later extracted as the final piece of [[Peer Gynt, Suite No. 1]], Op. 46.) Although a performance of the full piece runs to only two minutes, it has attained iconic status in popular culture and is easily recognized, though not, perhaps, by name.

A [[fantasy]] story written in verse, ''Peer Gynt'' tells of the adventures of the [[eponym|eponymous]] Peer. The sequence illustrated by the music of ''In the Hall of the Mountain King'' is when Peer sneaks into the Mountain King's [[castle]]. The piece then describes Peer's attempts to escape from the King and his [[trolls]] after having insulted his daughter.

==The Music==
The famous two-phrase theme, written in the key of B minor, runs thus:
:[[Image:Mountain_King_theme.PNG|550px]]
:({{Audio|Mountain_King_theme.ogg|listen}})

The simple theme begins slowly and quietly in the lowest registers of the orchestra. It is played first by the bassoons, signifying Peer Gynt's slow, careful footsteps. After being recited, the same theme is echoed, but transposed up a perfect fifth (to the key of F-sharp minor, the [[dominant (music)|dominant]] key) and played on different instruments: these are the King's trolls. The two groups of instruments then move in and out of different octaves until eventually "colliding" with each other at the same pitch; and the trolls, having spotted Peer, give chase. The tempo appropriately speeds up, and the music itself becomes increasingly louder and more melodic.

The Mountain King himself thunders onto the musical stage and runs into Peer, who quickly runs the other way; these actions are depicted with long strings of [[diatonic]] steps, interrupted by brief moments of stillness as the Mountain King looks for the hiding Peer. Peer's cover is at last blown, and the music reaches its loudest and fastest point as he runs out of the cave. A series of crashing cymbals and rapturous timpani rolls then burst forward and silence all the other instruments, with the mountain tumbling to the ground and presumably killing the trolls who had been chasing after the fleeing Peer. The piece concludes appropriately -- in both musical and theatrical terms -- with a return to the [[tonic (music)|tonic]], and ends on a final B minor chord, signifying Peer's successful escape.

==See also==
*[[In the Hall of the Mountain King in popular culture]]

[[no:I Dovregubbens hall]]
[[pl:W grocie Króla Gór]]
[[es:En la gruta del rey de la montaña]]

[[Category:Compositions by Edvard Grieg]]

Kirowwerk

2007-01-03T08:32:39Z

Geevee: {{SaintPetersburg-stub}}

{{otheruses}}
[[Image:Soviet Fordson stamp.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A 1923 [[Soviet stamps|Soviet stamp]] featured the Soviet Fordson]]
[[Image:Kir zav logo.png|frame|left|Logo of Kirov Plant]]

The '''Kirov Plant''' or '''Kirov Factory''' is a major [[Russia]]n machine-building [[plant]] in [[St. Petersburg]], Russia.

It was established in the 1800s as a cannon ball foundry. In 1848 it was purchased by Putilov and named the '''Putilov Company''' ; it initially produced [[rolling stock]] for railways. It boomed during the industrialization of the 1890s, with the work force quadrupling in a decade, reaching 12,400 in 1900. The factory traditionally produced goods for the Russian government and railway products accounted for more than half of its total output. Starting in 1900 it also produced artillery, eventually becoming a major supplier of it to the [[Imperial Russian Army]] alongside the state arsenals. By 1917 it grew into a giant enterprise that was by far the largest in the city of [[St. Petersburg]]. In February 1917 strikes at the factory contributed to setting in motion the chain of events which led to the [[February Revolution]].

After the [[October Revolution]] it was renamed "Red Putilovite Plant" (zavod "'''Krasny Putilovets'''"), famous for its manufacture of the first Soviet tractors, Fordzon-Putilovets, based on [[Ford]]'s [[Fordson tractor]]. Later it was renamed the Kirov Plant, after [[Sergey Kirov]]. The Putilov Plant was famous because of its revolutionary traditions.

==References==
* Peter Gatrell (1994), ''Government, Industry, and Rearmament in Russia, 1900-1914: The Last Argument of Tsarism'', Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-46619-9.
* [http://www.rustrana.ru/article.php?nid=26284 History of the Kirov-Putilov factory] {{ru icon}}

==External link==
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/kirov.htm Kirov Plant] @ globalsecurity.org (plant's military production)

<gallery>
Image:107mm m1910 hameenlinna 3.jpg|Gun manufactured in Putilov factory in 1916
Image:76mm putilov M1914 AAgun tuusula 4.jpg|Anti-aircraft 76 mm gun manufactured in Putilov factory in 1917
Image:Regimental gun 76mm 1927 1939 3.jpg|Gun manufactured in Krasny Putilovets factory in 1930
</gallery>

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Saint Petersburg]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies of Russia]]

[[eo:Putilov]]
[[ru:Кировский завод (предприятие)]]

{{russia-company-stub}}
{{SaintPetersburg-stub}}

Tschub

2006-11-11T16:57:23Z

Geevee: small fixes

{{unreferenced}}
[[Image:Repin Cossacks.jpg|right|400px|thumb|''[[The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan of Turkey]]'' (1880-91). Painted by [[Ilya Repin]].]]

'''Khokhol''' ({{lang-ru|хохо́л}}, ''khokhol''), a [[Russian language|Russian]] name for an element of the [[haircut]]: a long lock of hair left on top or on the front of the otherwise cleanly shaven or shortly cut man's hair.

The word is also used by Russians as a [[Offensive terms per nationality#Offensive terms for the Ukrainians|derogatory name for Ukrainians]], as it was a common haircut of [[Cossacks#Ukrainian Cossacks|Ukrainian Cossacks]], historically often foes of Russian tsars.

The [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] name for this type of haircut is ''oseledets'' (оселедець, literally "[[herring]]") or ''chub'' (чуб, "crest"). There are several [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] surnames derived from this word.

The ''khokhol / oseledets'' is a standard feature in the [[stereotype]] image of an Ukrainian Cossack, see e.g., the [[webcomic]] ''[[Salo in Space]]''.

Interestingly, whether those who wear it are conscious of its origin or not, the khokhol hairstyle (in varying lengths) has found popularity in [[gothic fashion|gothic]], [[deathrock]], [[industrial music|industrial]] and related [[subcultures]]. It has been worn by members of many bands, sometimes spiked (as seen on the eponymous protagonist (and other characters) of the [[comic]], [[Johnny the Homicidal Maniac]] by [[Jhonen Vasquez]]) or back-combed. It is also worn by Alex Louis Armstrong, the "Strong Arm Alchemist" of the anime and manga Fullmetal Alchemist, and the title character of [[Zep|Zep's]] ''[[Titeuf]]''.

{{Fashion-stub}}
{{ukraine-stub}}

[[Category:Ethnic slurs]]
[[Category:Hairstyles]]

[[ru:Хохол]]
[[uk:Хохли]]