https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Frietjes 2026-06-03T00:06:47Z Benutzerbeiträge MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vorlage:Navigationsleiste_Kader_des_SC_Rapperswil-Jona_Lakers&diff=241245222 2024-01-16T20:30:07Z

<p>Frietjes: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Eishockeykader/Kopf|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Bild=Logo SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers.svg<br /> |Team=SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers<br /> |Liga=National League (Eishockey)<br /> |Saison=2023/24<br /> |Stand= 21. September 2023<br /> }}<br /> {{#ifeq:{{{Format}}}|Tabelle||'''Torhüter:'''}} &lt;!-- Hier drunter Torhüter alphabetisch einsortieren --&gt;<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=91 |Ländercode= CHE |Vorname=Robin |Nachname=Meyer |Position=G |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|2000-09-12}} |Seit=2022 |Geburtsort=[[Schweiz]] |Sonstiges= |Letzter=}}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=60 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname=Melvin |Nachname=Nyffeler |Position=G |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1994-12-16}} |Seit=2017 |Geburtsort=[[Volketswil]], [[Schweiz]] |Sonstiges= |Letzter= ja}}<br /> {{#ifeq:{{{Format}}}|Tabelle||&lt;br /&gt;'''Verteidiger:'''}} &lt;!-- Hier drunter Verteidiger alphabetisch einsortieren --&gt;<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=26 <br /> |Ländercode=CHE <br /> |Vorname=David <br /> |Nachname=Aebischer<br /> |Link=David Aebischer (Eishockeyspieler, 2000) <br /> |Position=D <br /> |Seit= 2021<br /> |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|2000-09-26|kurz=0}}<br /> |Geburtsort=[[Heitenried]], [[Schweiz]]<br /> |Sonstiges=<br /> |Letzter=<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=81<br /> |Ländercode=CHE <br /> |Vorname=Inaki<br /> |Nachname=Baragano<br /> |Position=D <br /> |Seit= 2021<br /> |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|2001-09-04|kurz=0}}<br /> |Geburtsort=[[Lausanne]], [[Schweiz]]<br /> |Sonstiges=<br /> |Letzter=<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler |Format= {{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer= 7 |Ländercode= CHE |Vorname= Luca |Nachname= Capaul |Position= D |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1999-09-15}} |Seit= 2023 |Geburtsort= [[Uznach]], [[Schweiz]] }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=3<br /> |Ländercode=SWE<br /> |Vorname=Emil<br /> |Nachname=Djuse<br /> |Position=D <br /> |Seit= 2021<br /> |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|1993-10-27|kurz=0}}<br /> |Geburtsort=[[Östersund]], [[Schweden]]<br /> |Sonstiges=<br /> |Letzter=<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler |Format= {{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer= 14 |Ländercode = CHE |Vorname=Colin |Nachname= Gerber |Position= D|Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1998-03-14}} |Seit= 2023|Geburtsort= [[Schweiz]] }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer= 66 |Ländercode= CHE |Vorname= Tim |Nachname= Grossniklaus |Position= D |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1995-02-25}} |Geburtsort= [[Beatenberg]], [[Schweiz]] |Seit= 2023 |Sonstiges = }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer= |Ländercode= CAN |Vorname= Zac |Nachname= Leslie |Position= D |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1994-01-31}} |Geburtsort= [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]] |Seit= 2023 |Sonstiges = }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=11 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname=Fabian |Nachname=Maier |Link=Fabian Maier (Eishockeyspieler) |Position=D |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1991-11-05}} |Seit=2016 |Geburtsort=[[Schweiz]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Vorname = Maxim<br /> | Nachname = Noreau<br /> | Position = D<br /> | Nummer = 56<br /> | Ländercode = CAN<br /> | Seit = 2022<br /> | Geburtsdatum = {{DatumZelle|1987-05-24|kurz=0}}<br /> | Geburtsort = [[Montreal]], [[Québec]], [[Kanada]]<br /> | Sonstiges = <br /> | Letzter = nein<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=67<br /> |Ländercode=CHE<br /> |Vorname=Nathan<br /> |Nachname=Vouardoux<br /> |Position=D <br /> |Seit= 2021<br /> |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|2001-07-27|kurz=0}}<br /> |Geburtsort=[[Schweiz]]<br /> |Sonstiges=<br /> |Letzter=ja<br /> }}<br /> {{#ifeq:{{{Format}}}|Tabelle||&lt;br /&gt;'''Angreifer :'''}} &lt;!-- Hier drunter Angreifer alphabetisch einsortieren --&gt;<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer=28 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname= Yannick-Lennart |Nachname=Albrecht|Position= LW |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1994-04-28}} |Seit= 2021 |Geburtsort= [[Visp]], [[Schweiz]]}}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer=8 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname= Mats |Nachname=Alge|Position= LW |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|2003-04-19}} |Seit= 2022 |Geburtsort= [[Uznach]], [[Schweiz]]}}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}} <br /> |Nummer=73 |Ländercode = CZE |Vorname= Petr |Nachname= Čajka |Position= C |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|2000-12-12}} |Seit= 2022 |Geburtsort= [[Kadaň]], [[Tschechien]]}}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}} <br /> |Nummer=10 |Ländercode = CZE |Vorname= Roman |Nachname= Červenka |Position= C |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1985-12-10}} |Seit= 2019 |Geburtsort= [[Prag]], [[Tschechoslowakei]] |Sonstiges= C }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Vorname = Brett<br /> | Nachname = Connolly<br /> | Position = RW<br /> | Nummer = 92<br /> | Ländercode = CAN<br /> | Seit = 2023<br /> | Geburtsdatum = {{DatumZelle|1992-05-02|kurz=0}}<br /> | Geburtsort = [[Campbell River]], [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]]<br /> | Sonstiges = <br /> | Letzter = nein<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=23 |Ländercode= Germany and Switzerland |Dateityp= png |Vorname=Nico |Nachname=Dünner |Position=C |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1994-04-19}} |Seit=2019 |Geburtsort=[[Emmenbrücke]], [[Schweiz]] |Sonstiges= A }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=85 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname=Sandro |Nachname=Forrer |Position=W |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1997-11-06}} |Seit=2019 |Geburtsort=[[Steckborn]], [[Schweiz]] }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler |Format= {{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer= 27 |Ländercode= CZE |Vorname= Martin |Nachname= Frk |Position= RW |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1993-10-05}} |Seit= 2023 |Geburtsort= [[Pelhřimov]], [[Tschechien]]}}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Vorname = Nicklas<br /> | Nachname = Jensen<br /> | Position = RW<br /> | Nummer = 71<br /> | Ländercode = DNK<br /> | Seit = 2022<br /> | Geburtsdatum = {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1993-03-16}}<br /> | Geburtsort = [[Herning]], [[Dänemark]]<br /> | Sonstiges =<br /> | Letzter = <br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer= 89 |Ländercode= CHE |Vorname= Dominic |Nachname= Lammer |Position= RW |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1992-10-03}} |Geburtsort= [[Zürich]], [[Schweiz]] |Seit= 2021 }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Nummer = 95 <br /> | Ländercode = CHE<br /> | Ländercode2 = USA<br /> | Vorname = Tyler<br /> | Nachname = Moy <br /> | Position = C<br /> | Seit = 2022 <br /> | Geburtsdatum = {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1995-07-18}}<br /> | Geburtsort = [[La Jolla]], [[Kalifornien]], [[Vereinigte Staaten|USA]]<br /> | Sonstiges = <br /> | Letzter = <br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Vorname = Victor<br /> | Nachname = Rask<br /> | Position = C<br /> | Nummer = 49<br /> | Ländercode = SWE<br /> | Seit = 2023<br /> | Geburtsdatum = {{DatumZelle|1993-03-01|kurz=0}}<br /> | Geburtsort = [[Leksand]], [[Schweden]]<br /> | Sonstiges = <br /> | Letzter = nein<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> | Vorname = Jordan<br /> | Nachname = Schroeder<br /> | Position = RW<br /> | Nummer = 90<br /> | Ländercode = USA <br /> | Seit = 2022<br /> | Geburtsdatum = {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1990-09-29}}<br /> | Geburtsort = [[Prior Lake]], [[Minnesota]], [[Vereinigte Staaten|USA]]<br /> | Sonstiges =<br /> | Letzter = nein<br /> }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=40 |Ländercode=CHE |Ländercode2=AUT |Vorname=Jonas |Nachname=Taibel |Position=C |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|2004-08-19}} |Seit=2023 |Geburtsort=[[Feldkirch]], [[Österreich]] |Sonstiges= }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=72 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname=Gian-Marco |Nachname=Wetter |Position=C |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|2000-05-08}} |Seit=2019 |Geburtsort=[[Appenzell (Ort)|Appenzell]], [[Schweiz]] |Sonstiges= }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Vorname = Jeremy |Nachname = Wick |Nummer= 18 |Position= RW |Ländercode= Canada and Switzerland |Dateityp= png |Geburtsdatum= {{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1989-06-13}} |Seit = 2020 |Geburtsort= [[Grand Valley (Ontario)|Grand Valley]], [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]] |Sonstiges= A }}<br /> {{Eishockeykader/Spieler|Format={{{Format}}}<br /> |Nummer=94 |Ländercode=CHE |Vorname=Sandro |Nachname=Zangger |Position=W |Geburtsdatum={{DatumZelle|kurz=0|1994-08-27}} |Seit=2021 |Geburtsort=[[Jona SG|Jona]], [[Schweiz]] |Letzter =ja}}<br /> {{#ifeq:{{{Format}}}|Tabelle|<br /> |{{Eishockeykader/Trainer<br /> |Cheftrainer-Vorname=Stefan <br /> |Cheftrainer-Nachname=Hedlund <br /> |Cheftrainer-Link=<br /> |Vakant=<br /> |Assistenztrainer-Vakant=<br /> |Assistenztrainer-Anzahl=2<br /> |Assistenztrainer1-Vorname=Bert <br /> |Assistenztrainer1-Nachname=Robertsson <br /> |Assistenztrainer2-Vorname=Markus<br /> |Assistenztrainer2-Nachname=Studer<br /> |GM-Vorname=Janick<br /> |GM-Nachname=Steinmann<br /> |GM-Link=<br /> |GM-Vakant=<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> {{#ifeq:{{{Format}}}|Tabelle|{{!}}}|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}<br /> &lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> Zur Überprüfung und Aktualisierung:<br /> {{Navigationsleistenwartung<br /> |Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Eishockey<br /> |Portal:Eishockey<br /> }}<br /> * [http://www.lakers.ch/index.php/team/mannschaft Kader auf lakers.ch]<br /> * [https://www.eliteprospects.com/team/116/sc-rapperswil-jona-lakers eliteprospects.com]<br /> {{Eishockeykader}}<br /> <br /> [[Kategorie:Vorlage:Navigationsleiste Eishockeykader (Schweiz)|Rapperswil-Jona Lakers]]<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedmen%E2%80%99s_town&diff=201243132 2020-06-22T21:27:21Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}<br /> {{short description|Type of American municipality founded by former slaves}}<br /> In the [[United States of America|United States]], a '''freedmen's town''' was an African-American municipality or community built by [[freedmen]], former slaves who were emancipated during and after the [[American Civil War]]. [[List of Freedmen's towns|These towns]] emerged in a number of states, most notably [[Texas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | url = https://www.pvamu.edu/tiphc/research-projects/emancipation-means-migration/ | title = Emancipation means Migration! | work = Texas Institute for the Preservation of History and Culture|access-date=August 6, 2018 | language = en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are also known as '''freedom colonies''', from the title of a book by Sitton and Conrad.&lt;ref name=&quot;SittonConrad&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Sitton | first1 = Thad | last2 = Conrad | first2 = James H. | title = Freedom Colonies: Independent Black Texans in the Time of Jim Crow | publisher = University of Texas Press | year = 2010 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dwZRgD59oxsC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false | pages = 178 | isbn = 9780292777811}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The [[Emancipation Proclamation]] and the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment]] brought 4 million people out of slavery in the defunct [[Confederate States of America]]. Many were faced with the questions of where they would go, what they would eat and how they would survive. Many decided to remain on plantations working as [[Sharecropping|sharecroppers]].&lt;ref&gt;[[brown|Brown, 2015, Essay, Washington Post]]&lt;/ref&gt; Many freedmen migrated from white areas to build their own towns away from white supervision. They also created their own churches and civic organizations. Freedmen’s settlements had a greater measure of protection from the direct effects of [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow]]. &quot;Such places were defensive communities, where black property owners had circled the wagons against outsiders—a “fortress without walls.” Freedmen’s settlements were black enclaves that kept to themselves and until the end of Jim Crow few whites wished—or dared—to live there”.&lt;ref name=&quot;SittonConrad&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> Education was of the highest priority for the residents of freedmen towns. They started schools, which both adults and children attended to learn to read and write.&lt;ref&gt;[[#sitton05|Sitton, 2005]], pp. 112–115&lt;/ref&gt; By 1915 schools built in the Freedmen's settlements were mostly small frame one or two room structures. Textbooks for the schools were typically donated from white schools, but often they were in poor condition. Teachers were very serious about discipline which was strictly enforced by eg. switching students with a brush, or making them stand in a corner on one leg.&lt;ref&gt;[[#sitton05|Sitton, 2005]], p. 116&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Freedmen's Bureau and Reconstruction ==<br /> To provide help in education and managing the transition of the people to freedom, including negotiation of labor contracts and establishing the Freedmen's Bank, President [[Abraham Lincoln]] created the [[Freedmen's Bureau]]. In 1865 Secretary of War [[Edwin Stanton]] was looking for an army officer to run the Freedmen's Bureau. General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] proposed General [[John Eaton (general)|John Eaton]], a chaplain with an established reputation as a humanitarian, and who had authority over Black refugees after the Civil War.&lt;ref&gt;[[#mcfeely|McFeely, 1981]], p.127&lt;/ref&gt; However, the position of Bureau commissioner went to another Christian general and Civil War veteran, General [[Oliver Otis Howard]], whose close associations to Freedmen's aid societies had earned him the title of &quot;Christian General&quot;. The Bureau was largely staffed by ex-union officers who distributed food to needy Blacks and Whites.&lt;ref&gt;[[#foner|Foner, 2014]], p. 142&lt;/ref&gt; They supervised the establishment of free-labor agriculture and provided needed funding to set up schools for ex-slaves, however, some were suspected of collaborating with planters to enforce repressive regulations, or to ignore the cheating of Blacks. Some southern Whites suspected the Bureau of being part of a conspiracy to undermine relations between Blacks and Whites in the south by agitating Blacks against those whites who had their true interests at heart. Both freed people and planters, however, turned to the Bureau for help, which the agency did provide regardless of any plans by individuals to undermine their efforts.&lt;ref&gt;[[#kolchin|Kolchin, 2003]], p.212&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Freedmen's Bureau was created by the ''[[American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission]]'', which created by the War Department in 1863 to advance methods to deal with emancipated slaves. It was created by three life long abolitionists, [[Robert Dale Owen]], James McKaye and Samuel Gridley, who visited the south and gathered testimony from Blacks and Whites. They authored two joint reports and many accounts of individual observations.&lt;ref&gt;[[#foner|Foner, 2014]], pp.68–69&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Andrew Johnson and Jim Crow ==<br /> After taking office, President [[Andrew Johnson]] vetoed the re-authorization and funding of the bureau in February 1866 during [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]].&lt;ref&gt;[[#foner|Foner, 2014]], p. 163&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Freedmen's Town Historic District ==<br /> The [[Fourth Ward, Houston|Fourth Ward]] of [[Houston, Texas]] is the location of the Freedmen's Town Historic District.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|United States}}<br /> * [[List of Freedmen's towns]]<br /> * [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]]<br /> * [[Jim Crow laws]]<br /> * [[Block settlement#African American|African American settlements in Western Canada]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> *{{cite web | first = DeNeen L. | last = Brown | title = Black towns, established by freed slaves after the Civil War, are dying out | work = The Washington Post | year = 2015 | accessdate = August 4, 2018 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-towns-established-by-freed-slaves-after-civil-war-are-dying-out/2015/03/26/25872e5c-c608-11e4-a199-6cb5e63819d2_story.html?noredirect=on | ref = brown}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Foner | first = Eric | authorlink = Eric Foner | title = Reconstruction America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877 Updated Version | publisher = Harper Perennial | location = [[New York City|New York]] | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-0-06-235451-8 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=FhvA0S_op38C | ref = foner14}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Kolchin | first = Peter | authorlink = Peter Kolchin | title = American Slavery: 1619-1877 | publisher = Macmillan | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-8090-1630-3 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FaffAAAAQBAJ | ref = kolchin}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = McFeely | first = William S. | authorlink = William McFeely | title = Grant: A Biography | publisher = Norton | year = 1981 | isbn = 0-393-01372-3 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=GdpmKTM5zTwC | ref = mcfeely}}<br /> * {{cite book | last1 = Sitton | first1 = Thad | last2 = Conrad | first2 = James H. | title = Freedom Colonies: Independent Black Texans in the Time of Jim Crow | authorlink = | publisher = University of Texas Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-2927-0642-2 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=O_v9DAAAQBAJ | ref = sitton05}}<br /> *{{cite web | first = Thad | last = Sitton | title = FREEDMEN'S SETTLEMENTS | publisher = Texas State Historical Association | year = 2010 | accessdate = August 4, 2018 | url = https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/uef20 | ref = sitton}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{cite book | last = Bentley | first = George R. | title = A history of the Freedmen's Bureau | authorlink = | publisher = University of Pennsylvania | year = 1955 | isbn = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1Td2AAAAMAAJ}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Osthaus | first = Carl R. | title = Freedmen, philanthropy, and fraud: a history of the Freedman's Savings Bank | authorlink = | publisher = University of Illinois Press | year = 1976 | isbn = | url = https://archive.org/details/freedmenphilanth00carl| url-access = registration }}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Walker | first = Clarence E. | authorlink= Clarence E. Walker | title = A Rock in a Weary Land: The African Methodist Episcopal Church During the Civil War and Reconstruction | publisher = Louisiana State University Press | year = 1982 | isbn = 978-0-8071-0883-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/rockinwearylanda0000walk| url-access = registration }}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Washington | first = Booker T. | authorlink = Booker T. Washington | title = Up from Slavery | publisher = Cosimo, Inc | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-6020-6801-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uyQfQJseeH4C | ref = booker}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Freedmen's Town}}<br /> [[Category:Reconstruction Era]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places established by African Americans| ]]<br /> [[Category:Slavery in the United States]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=365_Tage&diff=201394461 2020-06-19T23:39:53Z

<p>Frietjes: update template syntax; Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2020 film by Barbara Białowąs}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = 365 Days<br /> | image = 365 Dni film poster.png<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | native_name = {{Infobox name module|pl|365 Dni}}<br /> | director = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Barbara Białowąs<br /> * Tomasz Mandes<br /> }}<br /> | producer = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Maciej Kawulski<br /> * Ewa Lewandowska<br /> * Tomasz Mandes<br /> }}<br /> | screenplay = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Tomasz Klimala<br /> * Barbara Białowąs<br /> * Tomasz Mandes<br /> * Blanka Lipińska<br /> }}<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''365 Dni''|[[Blanka Lipińska]]}}<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Anna-Maria Sieklucka]]<br /> * [[Michele Morrone]]<br /> * Bronisław Wrocławski<br /> * Otar Saralidze<br /> * [[Magdalena Lamparska]]<br /> * [[Natasza Urbańska]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Michał Sarapata<br /> * Mateusz Sarapata<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Mateusz Cierlica<br /> | editing = Marcin Drewnowski<br /> | production_companies = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Ekipa Sp. z o.o.<br /> * Future Space<br /> * Next Film<br /> * [[TVN (Polish TV channel)|TVN]]<br /> }}<br /> | distributor = Next Film<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2020|2|7|Poland}}<br /> | runtime = 114 minutes<br /> | country = Poland<br /> | language = &lt;!--MAIN LANGUAGE ONLY, per Template:Infobox film--&gt;Polish&lt;!--MAIN LANGUAGE ONLY, per Template:Infobox film--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/365-dni-film|title=365 DNI (18)|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=February 2, 2020|accessdate=June 16, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = $9.5 million&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''365 Days''''' ({{lang-pl|'''365 Dni'''}}) is a 2020 Polish [[sex in film|erotic]] [[romantic drama|drama]] film directed by Barbara Białowąs and Tomasz Mandes. It is based on the first novel of a trilogy written by [[Blanka Lipińska]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=365 dni|url=https://lubimyczytac.pl/ksiazka/4850591/365-dni|agency=Lubimyczytać.pl|accessdate=2020-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cinemaholic&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecinemaholic.com/365-days-sequel/|title=Will There be a 365 Dni Sequel?|first=Dhruv|last=Sharma|website=The Cinemaholic|date=May 21, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://decider.com/2020/06/09/365-dni-netflix-books/|title=How Does '365 dni' on Netflix Compare to the Book?|date=June 9, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The plot follows a young [[Warsaw]] woman in a spiritless relationship falling for a dominant [[Sicily|Sicilian]] man who imprisons her and grants 365 days to fall in love with him. It stars [[Anna-Maria Sieklucka]] as Laura Biel and [[Michele Morrone]] as Massimo Torricelli. The film was released theatrically in Poland on 7 February 2020 and was later made available on [[Netflix]], quickly gaining global attention.&lt;ref name=cinemaholic /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thedailybeast.com/365-days-is-the-ridiculous-rapey-netflix-porn-film-everyone-cant-stop-talking-about&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> After a meeting between the Torricelli [[Sicilian Mafia]] [[crime family]] and [[black market]] dealers, Massimo Torricelli, watches a beautiful woman on a beach. His father, leader of the Mafia crime family, is shot dead, injuring Massimo as well.<br /> <br /> Five years later, Massimo is now a ruthless and violent leader having taken over the Torricelli crime family. In [[Warsaw]], Laura Biel, a fiery executive, is unhappy in her relationship with her boyfriend Martin, who rebuffs her when she tries to initiate sex. Laura celebrates her 29th birthday in Italy with friends but after Martin embarrasses her, she goes for a walk and runs into Massimo, who [[kidnaps]] her. <br /> <br /> At his villa, Massimo reveals that she was the woman at the beach five years ago and that when he was injured, all he could think about was her. After searching for years and finally spotting her at the airport, he had to have her and intends to keep her as a prisoner for 365 days until she falls in love with him, promising a life of endless luxury. When she tries to escape, he threatens her family, shows her photographs of Martin's [[infidelity]], and tells her a breakup letter was delivered to Martin on her behalf. He reassures her that he will not touch her without her consent. With no means of escaping, Laura gives in.<br /> <br /> As they spend time together, Laura, in revenge, provokes him by wearing erotic lingerie and promiscuous dresses. However, she slowly starts to get him to open up about his personal life. At a hotel in Rome, she teases him again and he cuffs her to the bed. She is forced to watch Massimo receive oral sex from another woman. Afterward, he caresses Laura's body and she appears to be giving in. However, he stops, releases her, and orders her to get dressed for a club.<br /> <br /> At the club, Laura flaunts herself for Massimo and his friends, earning his ire. When she begins to flirt with a man from the rival mafia family, the man gropes her against her will. Massimo and the others draw their weapons while Laura is taken out of the club. The following morning, she wakes on a yacht to Mario and Massimo arguing. During the night, Massimo had shot the man who had groped Laura, inciting a mafia war between the two families. Mario insists that Massimo has to get rid of Laura, but he refuses. Laura attempts to apologize, but Massimo blames her for the incident. As they argue, Laura falls into the water and Massimo jumps in to save her. When she wakes up, he admits he was scared she might not make it and doesn't want to lose her. They then spend hours having sex.<br /> <br /> Massimo allows Laura to go to Warsaw to visit her family. He tells her he loves her and will join her after finishing up business. In Warsaw, Laura waits for Massimo for days with no contact. She reconnects with Olga and they go clubbing. She runs into Martin, who says he has been looking for her to apologize and explain the photographs. He attempts to convince her to return to him and follows her back to her apartment, where Massimo is unexpectedly waiting. He tells Martin to go. Angry at being abandoned, Laura slaps Massimo. While having sex, she opens his shirt to see wounds from the mafia war. She confesses to him that she loves him. The following morning, Massimo proposes and she accepts. However, she asks him to keep his &quot;occupation&quot; a secret from her parents.<br /> <br /> Back in Italy, Mario informs Massimo of rising tensions. Laura mentions feeling unwell but brushes off seeing a doctor. They discuss their upcoming wedding that her family is not allowed to attend, as she does not want them to find out what Massimo does. However, Massimo allows Olga to come as Laura's bridesmaid. When Olga visits, Laura reveals she is pregnant. Olga urges her to tell Massimo about the pregnancy. Meanwhile, Mario receives a phone call from a Torricelli informant that the rival mafia family is about to kill Laura. Laura's car enters a tunnel but does not come out the other side. Mario rushes to find Massimo just as Laura's call drops. Realizing the implications, Massimo breaks down. A police car blares at the entrance of the tunnel.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> [[File:Anna-Maria-Sieklucka.jpg|thumb|[[Anna-Maria Sieklucka]] in 2020]]<br /> * [[Anna-Maria Sieklucka]] as Laura Biel<br /> * [[Michele Morrone]] as Don Massimo Torricelli <br /> * Bronisław Wrocławski as Mario<br /> * Otar Saralidze as Domenico<br /> * [[Magdalena Lamparska]] as Olga<br /> * [[Natasza Urbańska]] as Anna<br /> * [[Grażyna Szapołowska]] as Klara Biel, Laura's mother<br /> * Tomasz Stockinger as Tomasz Biel, Laura's father<br /> * Gianni Parisi as Massimo's father<br /> * Mateusz Łasowski as Martin<br /> * Blanka Lipińska as a bride&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmweb.pl/film/365+dni-2020-842452|title=365 dni|via=www.filmweb.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The film scenes were primarily shot in Poland ([[Warsaw]], [[Krakow]] and [[Niepolomice]]) and in Italy ([[Sanremo]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecinemaholic.com/where-was-365-dni-filmed/|title=Where Was 365 Days Filmed? Netflix's 365 Dni Filming Locations|first=Dhruv|last=Sharma|date=1 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The film's theme song &quot;Feel It&quot;, along with the songs &quot;Watch me burn&quot;, &quot;Dark Room&quot;, and &quot;Hard for me&quot; are sung by Morrone.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnIL4o6_D8M&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''365 Days'' was released in Poland on 7 February 2020, grossing $9 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10886166/|title=365 Days (2020)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=12 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the United Kingdom, the film received a limited theatrical release on 14 February 2020, and grossed $494,181,&lt;ref name=&quot;bom&quot;/&gt; before premiering on [[Netflix]] in June 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;inews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Finnis|first=Alex|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/film/365-dni-book-netflix-uk-movie-days-film-review-cast-anna-marie-sieklucka-441627|title=365 DNI: why the obscure Polish erotic book adaptation is causing a stir on Netflix UK|date=June 9, 2020|work=[[i (newspaper)|i]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film made the top three most viewed items on Netflix in numerous territories, including Germany, Saudi Arabia, Lithuania, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Turkey, Sweden, Austria, the Czech Republic, Greece, Romania, South Africa, Portugal, India, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Mauritius, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, Malaysia, and the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telemagazyn.pl/artykuly/365-dni-hitem-netflixa-na-swiecie-blanka-lipinska-po-angielsku-dziekuje-swoim-zagranicznym-fanom-82503.html|title=&quot;365 dni&quot; hitem Netflixa na świecie! Blanka Lipińska po angielsku dziękuje swoim zagranicznym fanom|work=Tele Magazyn|language=Polish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Box Office: 'The King of Staten Island' &amp; The Most-Watched Movies At Home This Weekend |url= https://uproxx.com/movies/king-of-staten-island-box-office-da-5-bloods/ |last=Roweles |first=Dustin |website=[[Uproxx]]|date=June 14, 2020|access-date=June 16, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ''365 Days'' drew parallels with the 2015 erotic drama ''[[Fifty Shades of Grey (film)|Fifty Shades of Grey]]'', but was praised for its more daring sex scenes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/movies/viewer-shocked-by-graphic-sex-scenes-in-new-netflix/news-story/73de4102f34a04098b2035f30d838d91|title=Viewers shocked by graphic sex scenes in new Netflix movie|date=9 June 2020|website=NewsComAu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inews&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newsweek.com/365-dni-netflix-sex-scenes-polish-movie-michele-morrone-anna-maria-sieklucka-1509705&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/tv/polish-50-shades-grey-365-dni-netflix-plot-cast-date-a4448891.html|title=Polish '50 Shades of Grey' 365 Dni is coming to Netflix UK|date=May 26, 2020|website=Evening Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was also, however, criticised for romanticising kidnapping.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/hollywood/365-dni-viewers-criticise-erotic-drama-film-romanticising-kidnapping-and-stockholm-syndrome-539926?&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://film.wp.pl/365-dni-netflix-online-sceny-seksu-6519564619934336a|title=Zagraniczni widzowie znaleźli &quot;365 dni&quot; na Netfliksie. Ich komentarze nie zostawiają złudzeń|first=Basia|last=Żelazko|date=June 9, 2020|website=film.wp.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/365-dni-netflix-watch-movie-cast-kidnap-stockholm-syndrome-a9558051.html|title=Erotic Netflix thriller slammed for 'romanticising Stockholm syndrome'|date=June 10, 2020|website=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/artisans/news/365-dni-days-sex-scenes-netflix-cinematographer-1234631479/|title=How the ‘365 Days’ DP Shot Those Authentic-Looking Sex Scenes in Netflix’s Steamy Drama|first1=Jazz|last1=Tangcay|first2=Jazz|last2=Tangcay|date=11 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 0% based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 1.17/10.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=365 Days (365 dni) (2020)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/365_days_2020|language=en|access-date=June 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Jessica Kiang of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' described the film as &quot;a thoroughly terrible, politically objectionable, occasionally hilarious Polish humpathon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/reviews/365-days-review-365-dni-1234629333/|title= ‘365 Days’: Film Review |author=Jessica Kiang|work=Variety|date=June 10, 2020|accessdate=June 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sequel==<br /> Work on a sequel film is planned, but has been delayed by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kultura.onet.pl/film/wiadomosci/druga-czesc-filmu-365-dni-kiedy-premiera/ey9jblt|title=Zdjęcia do drugiej części filmu &quot;365 dni&quot; przełożone na przyszły rok|date=May 28, 2020|website=Onet Kultura}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Portal|Film}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|10886166}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020 films]]<br /> [[Category:2020 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2020 thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s erotic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s romantic thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:English-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Erotic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Erotic romance films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Polish novels]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Italy]]<br /> [[Category:Italian-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Polish films]]<br /> [[Category:Polish-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Polish romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Polish thriller films]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribuna_degli_Uffizi&diff=201375011 2020-06-19T17:49:42Z

<p>Frietjes: As per this discussion, auto-linking for this field will be turned off shortly and this edit is in preparation. Please confirm that the correct article has been targeted and if not, please change the link or unlink the name if the target article does not exist.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox artwork<br /> | image_file = Johan_Zoffany_-_Tribuna_of_the_Uffizi_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg<br /> | painting_alignment = <br /> | image_size = 350px<br /> | title = The Tribuna of the Uffizi<br /> | artist = [[Johann Zoffany]]<br /> | year = 1772–78<br /> | medium = Oil painting<br /> | height_metric = 123.5<br /> | width_metric = 155.0<br /> | height_imperial =<br /> | width_imperial =<br /> | metric_unit = cm<br /> | imperial_unit = in<br /> | city = [[Windsor Castle]]<br /> | museum = [[Royal Collection]]<br /> }}<br /> '''''The Tribuna of the Uffizi''''' (1772–1778) by [[Johan Zoffany]] is a painting of the north-east section of the [[Tribuna of the Uffizi|Tribuna]] room in the [[Uffizi]] in [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. The painting is part of the United Kingdom's [[Royal Collection]].<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> Beginning in 1764, the German-born painter Johan Zoffany received numerous commissions from the Hannoverian King George III and his consort, Queen Charlotte. The queen ordered Zoffany to paint “the Florence Gallery” (the Galleria degli Uffizi), for which the artist would be paid £300.&lt;ref name=royal&gt;Royal Collection from Shawe-Taylor 2009&lt;/ref&gt; In the summer of 1772, Zoffany left London for Florence, where he met [[Felton Hervey]], an art collector and friend of the king and queen, who figures prominently in the painting.&lt;ref name=&quot;painting&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/851824 |title=The Hon. Felton Hervey (1712-1775) |work=National Trust Collections |publisher=National Trust |accessdate=15 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zoffany worked on the painting through late 1777 and returned to England in 1779.&lt;ref name=royal/&gt; By this time Hervey had died.&lt;ref name=&quot;painting&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The painting depicts the [[Tribuna of the Uffizi]], an octagonal gallery designed by [[Bernardo Buontalenti]] in 1584. The most important ancient and Renaissance works were displayed in this gallery in the 18th century, making it an essential highlight of the Grand Tour.<br /> <br /> ==Artworks shown==<br /> Zoffany’s picture is not a historical record of the works displayed in the tribuna in the 1770s. Rather, it is an epitome of the works in the Medici collections he felt to be most important. To accomplish that goal, several works from other rooms in the Uffizi and seven paintings from the Galleria Palatina in the Palazzo Pitti were transferred to the Tribuna. To accomplish this, Zoffany requested the assistance of [[George Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper|George, 3rd Earl Cowper]], who had emigrated to Florence and [[Sir Horace Mann, 1st Baronet|Sir Horace Mann]], who served as [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] diplomatic representative in Florence to the [[Grand Duke of Tuscany|Grand Dukes of Tuscany]]. Two pictures by Raphael which Earl Cowper owned and hoped to sell to George III, and the Earl are depicted in Zoffany’s painting. The unframed ''Samian Sibyl'' on the floor, acquired for the Medici collection in 1777, was a pendant to [[Guercino]]'s ''[[Libyan Sibyl]]'', recently bought by George III, and its inclusion may have been intended as a compliment to him.{{The Tribuna of the Uffizi|align=center|size=800px}}<br /> <br /> ===Paintings===<br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;margin-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |-----<br /> !Zoffany's<br /> !Original<br /> !Author and title<br /> !Where<br /> !Current location<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 01 carracci.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Annibale Carracci 001.jpg|100px]] ||[[Annibale Carracci]], ''Venus with a Satyr and Cupids'' || Left wall|| Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 02 reni.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Guido Reni 015.jpg|100px]] || [[Guido Reni]], ''Charity'' || Left wall|| Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 03 raffaello.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Raffaello, madonna della seggiola 01.jpg|100px]] || [[Raphael]], ''[[Madonna della seggiola]]'' ||Left wall|| Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 04 correggio.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Correggio - La Vergine che adora il Bambino - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] || [[Correggio]], ''[[Adoration of the Christ Child (Correggio)|Adoration of the Christ Child]]'' ||Left wall|| Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 05 suttermans.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Galileo-sustermans.jpg|100px]] || [[Justus Sustermans]], ''Portrait of Galileo Galilei'' ||Left wall|| Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 22.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Rembrandt - Holy Family - WGA19116.jpg|100px]] || After [[Rembrandt]]?, possibly a copy of the ''[[Holy Family with Saint Anne]]'' in the Louvre || Left wall|| Unidentified<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 07 tiziano.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bottega di tiziano, Madonna con Bambino e Santa Caterina d'Alessandria.jpg|100px]] || [[Titian]]'s workshop, ''Madonna and Child with Saint Catherine''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 09 raffaello.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Rafael - São João Batista.jpg|100px]] || Raphael and workshop, ''[[St John the Baptist]]''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 11 reni.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Guido reni, madonna in estasi, olio su tela, 83x68 cm, coll. privata.JPG|100px]] || Guido Reni, ''Madonna''|| Central wall || private collection?<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 08 raffaello.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Raffaello Sanzio - Madonna del Cardellino - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] || Raphael, ''[[Madonna del cardellino]]''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 10 rubens.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Los horrores de la guerra.jpg|100px]] || [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]], ''[[Consequences of War|The Consequences of War]]''|| Central wall || Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 12 franciabigio.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Franciabigio madonna col bambino e san giovannino.jpg|100px]] || [[Franciabigio]] (formerly attributed to Raphael), ''Madonna del Pozzo''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> |[[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 22bis.jpg|100px]] || || ? || Central wall between the legs of the ''Satyr''|| Unidentified <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 13 holbein.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Hans Holbein d. J. 060.jpg|100px]] || [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Hans Holbein]], ''Portrait of Sir Richard Southwell''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 14 raffaello.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Lorenzo di credi, ritratto del perugino.jpg|100px]] || Raphael, ''Portrait of Perugino''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 15 perugino.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Scuola di perugino, madonna col bambino, santa elisabetta e san giovannino.JPG|100px]] || [[Pietro Perugino|Perugino]]'s workshop ([[Niccolò Soggi]]?), ''Madonna with Child, Saint Elizabeth and Saint John''|| Central wall || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 16 reni.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Guido Reni - Cleopatra - WGA19301.jpg|100px]] || Guido Reni, ''Cleopatra''|| Right wall || Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 17 rubens.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Peter Paul Rubens - The Four Philosophers - WGA20358.jpg|100px]] || Rubens, ''[[The Four Philosophers]]''|| Right wall ||Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 18 raffaello.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Raffaello Sanzio - Ritratto di Leone X coi cardinali Giulio de' Medici e Luigi de' Rossi - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] || Raphael, ''[[Portrait of Leo X (Raphael)|Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi]]''|| Right wall ||Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 19 pietro da cortona.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Pietro da Cortona 001.jpg|100px]] || [[Pietro da Cortona]], ''Abraham and Hagar''|| Right wall ||Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 20 manfredi.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bartolomeo Manfredi - Il tributo a Cesare - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] || [[Bartolomeo Manfredi]], ''[[Tribute to Caesar (Manfredi)|Tribute to Caesar]]''|| Right wall ||Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 21 allori.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Criistofano Allori San Giuliano.jpg|100px]] || [[Cristofano Allori]], ''Hospitality of Saint Julian''|| Right wall ||Palatine Gallery, Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 23.jpg|100px]] || || ?|| Right wall right of the ''Wrestlers'' ||Unidentified<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 24.jpg|100px]] || || ''Roman Charity''?|| Right wall || Unidentified<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 25.jpg|100px]] || || ? || Right wall behind the ''Venus'' ||Unidentified<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 26.jpg|100px]] || || ? (a golden frame behind the man in red at the very right) || Right wall ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 06 raffaello.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Grande madonna cowper.jpg|100px]] || Raphael, ''[[Niccolini-Cowper Madonna]]''&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;This painting was owned by Zoffany at the moment: this explains its prominence.&lt;/ref&gt; || Lower part ||National Gallery of Art, Washington<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 28 guercino.jpg|100px]] || &lt;!-- [[File:|100px]] --&gt; || [[Guercino]]'s workshop, ''Samian Sibyl'' || Lower part || Deposits of the Pitti Palace, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - 27 tiziano.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Tizian 102.jpg|100px]] || Titian, ''[[Venus of Urbino]]'' || Lower part || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Sculptures and other===<br /> Many of the ancient sculptures painted by Zoffany can be identified, although few remain on their 18th century locations today. (The Medici's Roman statues stand in the main corridors of the Uffizi Gallery, except those which are still in the Tribuna. The smaller works are now in the collections of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale and the Museo Bargello in Florence). <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;margin-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |-----<br /> !Zoffany's<br /> !Original<br /> !Author and title<br /> !Where<br /> !Current location<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 01.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, Busto con testa di giovinetta già creduta Plautilla, 200-300 ca. 02.JPG|100px]] || Bust of a young woman, so-called [[Plautilla]] || Left shelf || Uffizi Gallery, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 02.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, Busto con testa del cosiddetto Geta, 200-210 ca. 02.jpg|100px]] || Bust of the so-called Geta || Left shelf || Uffizi Gallery, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 03.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bottega fiorentina, busto femminile all'antica, in calcedonio, metallo e lavagna, 1590-1610 circa.jpg|100px]] || Bust of female || Left shelf || Museo degli Argenti, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 04.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, ritratto femminile c.d. livia, II sec, marmi e alabastri colorati.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman bust of a Julio-Claudian woman, so-called Livia (?) || Left shelf ||[[Villa Corsini a Castello]], Florence <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 05.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Ritratto di augusto con testa in faience, 1-50 dc ca., con busto in oro di antonio gentili da faenza, 1580 (museo argenti).jpg|100px]] || Ancient Roman bust of Augustus || Left shelf ||[[Museo degli Argenti]], Florence <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 06.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, Busto con testa di Agrippina Minore già creduta Messalina, 50 ca. 02.jpg|100px]] || Bust of Agrippina Minor || Left shelf || Uffizi Gallery <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 07.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bottega fiorentina, busto di augusto, in diaspro, alabastro e bronzo, testa antica del I secolo dc. e montatura del 1590-1610 circa.jpg|100px]] || Bust of Augustus || Left shelf || Museo degli Argenti, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 08.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, afrodite di afrodisia, II sec.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman art, ''[[Aphrodisias#Aphrodite of Aphrodisias | Venus of Aphrodisias]]'' || Left shelf || Villa Corsini a Castello, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 09.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bottega fiorentina, busto maschile all'antica in marmo e cristallo di rocca, 1590-1610 circa.jpg|100px]] || Bust of a man in antique style || Left shelf || Museo degli Argenti, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 10.jpg|100px]] || || Seated man (?) || Central shelf || <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 11.jpg|100px]] ||[[File:Divinità agreste su tronco, con braccia moderne.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman Seated God || Central shelf || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 12.jpg|100px]] || || Bust of Annius Verus || Central shelf ||Uffizi Gallery <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 13.jpg|100px]] || || Hardstone footed cup || Central shelf ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 14.jpg|100px]] || [[File:006 Arte romana, Busto con testa del cosiddetto Nerone bambino, 1-100 ca. 02.JPG|100px]] || Bust of a boy, so-called young Nero || Central shelf || Uffizi Gallery, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 15.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana con restauri moderni, busto augusto 01.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman small bust of an Augustus (?) || Central shelf || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 16.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, serapide, 150 dc ca..JPG|100px]] || Bust of Zeus-Serapis || Central shelf || [[Villa Corsini a Castello]], Florence <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 17.jpg|100px]] || || Bronze statuette || Central shelf || <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 18.jpg|100px]] || || Bust of a man (?) || Central shelf ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 19.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, amorino arciere, 150-200 ca. 01.JPG|100px]] || Cupid with the bow || Central shelf || Uffizi Gallery, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 20.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Epoca romana, ercole stante.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman bronze statuette of Heracles || Right shelf || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 21.jpg|100px]] || || Bust of a man (?) || Right shelf ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 22.jpg|100px]] || || Canopic jar (?) || Right shelf ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 23.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bottega fiorentina, busto di nerva, in alabastro e metallo, 1590-1610 circa.jpg|100px]] || Bust of Nerva || Right shelf || Museo degli Argenti, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 24.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Bertoldo di giovanni, orfeo o apollo, 1475-80 01.JPG|100px]] || [[Bertoldo di Giovanni]], ''Putto playing the lute'' || Right shelf ||[[Bargello]], Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 25.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Statuetta di satiro, copia romana del I sec dc, da orig. ellenistico (MAN firenze, villa corsini) 01.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman statuette of Satyr || Right shelf ||[[Villa Corsini a Castello]], Florence <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 26.jpg|100px]] ||[[File:Bronzi di pipistrello (rosignano, 1565), concordia seduta, 150 dc ca.JPG|100px]] || Seated Concordia || Right shelf || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 27.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, satiro giovane, II sec.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman bust of a Young Satyr || Right shelf || [[Villa Corsini a Castello]], Florence <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 28.jpg|100px]] ||[[File:Ercole e il leone, II-III sec. dc., con restauri settecenteschi, 01.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman art after [[Lysippus]], ''Heracles and the Nemean Lion'' || Right shelf || Hermitage, St. Petersburg?<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 29.jpg|100px]] ||[[File:Tyche di antiochia, copia romana da orig. di eutychides del 297-296 ac., n. 2366.JPG|100px]] || Seated Tyche of Anthioch || Right shelf || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 30.jpg|100px]] || || Bust of Bacchus (?) || Right shelf ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 31 amore e psiche.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Amore e psiche, copia romana di un originale ellenistico della fine del IV sec. ac..JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman art, ''Cupid and Psyche'' ||Center || Uffizi, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 32 satiro.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 2944 - Il fauno danzante. Firenze.jpg|100px]] || Ancient Roman art, ''Dancing Faun'' ||Center || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 10 tavolo.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Jacopo Antelli (Monicca) and Jacopo Ligozzi, tavolo ottagonale con intarsi in pietre dure.jpg|100px]] || Jacopo Antelli (Monicca) and [[Jacopo Ligozzi]], ''Octagonal table with [[Pietre Dure]] mosaics'' ||Center || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 33 ercolino.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, Ercole infante strozza il serpente, 1-100 circa 02.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman art, ''Baby Hercules strangling the snake'' ||Center || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 34 lottatori.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, Lottatori, 1-100 circa da un originale del III secolo a.C. 02.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Roman art, ''[[Uffizi Wrestlers|The Two Wrestlers]]'' ||Center || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 35 venere medici.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Venus de Medici.png|100px]] || Cleomenes, ''[[Medici Venus]]''||Center || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 01 vaso canosino.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Pittore di baltimora, cratere apulo con amazzonomachia, teti che dà le armi ad achille tra dei, ettore sulla quadriga, 330 ac ca. 10.jpg|100px]] || [[Baltimore Painter]], ''Apulian krater with Amazonomachy'' ||Lower part || [[National Archaeological Museum (Florence)|National Archaeological Museum]], Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 02 elmo.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Produz. etrusca, elmo a bottone, con iscriz.interna, da canne (BA), IV sec a.c.JPG|100px]] || Etruscan bronze helmet with &quot;button&quot; on top ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 36 arrotino.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Museo pushkin, calchi, arrotino 04.jpg|100px]] || Ancient Roman art, ''[[Arrotino]]'' ||Lower part || Uffizi, Florence, still in the Tribuna<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 37 chimera.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Chimera d'arezzo, fi, 04.JPG|100px]] || Etruscan (with 17th-century implements), ''[[Chimera of Arezzo]]'' ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 03 calamaio.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Scuola del riccio, lampada ad olio a forma di satiro ripiegato su se stesso, 1510 circa 02.JPG|100px]] || [[Andrea Briosco]] workshop, ''Lucerna in the shape of a Twisting Man'' ||Lower part || Bargello, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 04 missorio.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Piatto di ardaburio, argento fuso, 434 d.c. (found in 1769) 02.JPG|100px]] || Plate (''missorium'') of [[Aspar |F. Ardaburius Aspar]]', Roman, c.. 434 AD ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 38.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arte romana, Busto del cosiddetto Cicerone, 30 ac-20 dc ca.jpg|100px]] || Bust of the so-called Cicero ||Lower part || Uffizi Gallery<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 39 antinoo.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Archeologico di Firenze, antinoo 01.JPG|100px]] || Florentine pseudo-antique art, second half of the 16th century, ''Bronze head of Antinous'' ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 07.jpg|100px]] || || Bronze lucerna (?) ||Lower part || <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 05.jpg|100px]] ||[[File:Volterra, cratere a volute, 310 ac ca.jpg|100px]]|| Etruscan krater in [[bucchero]] ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 08 oinochoe.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Oinochoe in bucchero etruria meridionale, fine VII, inizio VI secolo ac..jpg|100px]] || Etruscan [[oinochoe]] in bucchero ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 09 situla.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Volterra, situla a vernice nera, da pisa, 310-290 ac ca.jpg|100px]] || Etruscan situla in bucchero ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - oggetti 06 bronzetto.jpg|100px]] || || Bronze statuette? || Lower part || <br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 41 torso di livorno.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Torso di livorno, 480-470 ac. ca. 02.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Greek art, ''Livorno Torso'' ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 40.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Statue Ptahmose 1790 Florence.JPG|100px]] || Ancient Egyptian art, ''Cube statue of [[Ptahmose, son of Menkheper|Ptahmose]]'' ||Lower part || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - sculture 42 urnetta.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Urnetta cineraria da volterra 50.JPG|100px]] || Etruscan funerary urn probably [[Volterra]] production ||Lower part, under the ''Venus of Urbino'' || National Archaeological Museum, Florence<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Persons shown==<br /> <br /> The Tribuna of the Uffizi combines aspects of the British 18th-century [[Conversation piece (paintings)|conversation piece]], or informal group portrait, with that of the predominantly Flemish 17th-century tradition of [[Wunderkammer]] and gallery views. Thus, the figures populating Zoffany’s painting are all identifiable as connoisseurs, diplomats and visitors to Florence. The inclusion of so many recognisable portraits was criticized by Zoffany's royal patrons, and by [[Horace Walpole]], who called it &quot;a flock of travelling boys, and one does not know nor care whom.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Yale edition of Horace Walpole's correspondence |volume=24 |pages=526–7 |chapterurl=http://images.library.yale.edu/hwcorrespondence/page.asp?vol=24&amp;page=526 |chapter=To MANN, Friday 12 November 1779 |editor-first=W.S. |editor-last=Lewis |year=1967|publisher=[[Lewis Walpole Library]] |location=Yale |accessdate=15 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1.jpg<br /> Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 2.jpg<br /> Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3.jpg<br /> Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4.jpg<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> The first group of people is centered around the Niccolini Madonna by Raphael. From left, standing up, there are the picture’s owner [[George Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper|George, 3rd earl of Cowper]], Sir John Dick, [[Dick baronets|baronet of Braid]], [[Other Windsor, 6th Earl of Plymouth]], and [[Johann Zoffany]], the painter himself, followed on the other side of the painting by Mr. Stevenson and his companion [[George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth]], while is sitting on a chair [[Charles Loraine Smith]] and behind him, bended, [[Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe|Richard Edgcumbe]], later 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe.<br /> <br /> Two more connoisseurs are near the ''Satiro''. The first is reported to be Joseph Leeson, 2nd Earl of Milltown, even if his portrait does not match in age and resemblance those in the [[National Gallery of Ireland]] by [[Pompeo Batoni]], and Valentine Knightley of Fawsley. <br /> <br /> Further to the center of the painting Pietro Bastianelli, curator of the Uffizi Gallery, shows the [[Venus of Urbino]] di Titian to John Gordon,{{#tag:ref|Described in contemporary Italian newspapers as &quot;Mr. Gordon, an English official&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;nicholls152&quot;&gt;Cited in Nicholls 2006, p.152&lt;/ref&gt;[[John Chambers (topographer)|John Chambers]] wrote in 1829 that Rev. William Gordon of [[Saxlingham]] possessed several paintings &quot;collected by John Gordon, who figured in Zoffany's picture of the Gallery of Florence&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;nicholls152&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chambers1829&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Chambers|first=John|title=A General History of the County of Norfolk, Intended to Convey All the Information of a Norfolk Tour|chapter=Hundred of Henstead|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5lQAQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA760|accessdate=15 April 2017|volume=II|year=1829|publisher=John Stacy|location=Norwich|pages=759–760}}&lt;/ref&gt; |group=&quot;nb&quot;}} [[Thomas Patch]] who is apparently the man touching the ''Venus'', but pointing to the figure of a male nude (believed to be a reference to Patch's homosexuality) &lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000f1t2&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Sir John Taylor, 1st Baronet|Sir John Taylor]] and [[Sir Horace Mann, 1st Baronet|Sir Horace Mann]]. The sitting man, looking back towards, is the Hon. [[Felton Hervey]]. <br /> <br /> The group around the ''Medici Venus'' include John Finch, Mr. Wilbraham (one of the sons of [[Roger Wilbraham]] of Natwich), Mr. Watts, Mr. Doughty and, on the other side, Thomas Wilbraham (the second son) and [[James Bruce]].<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+ <br /> ! Detail !! Portrait !! Name !! Note<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-1.jpg|100px]] || [[file:Anton Raphael Mengs - George, 3rd Earl Cowper (1738-1789) - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] || [[George Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper|George, 3rd earl of Cowper]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-2.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Sir John Dick baronet of Braid.jpg|100px]] || Sir [[John Dick (1720-1804)|John Dick]] [[Dick baronets|baronet of Braid]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-3.jpg|100px]] || || [[Other Windsor, 6th Earl of Plymouth]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-5.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Self-portrait (with Hourglass and Skull) by Johann Zoffany.jpg|100px]] || [[Johann Zoffany]] || the author of painting (self-portrait) <br /> |-<br /> | [[file:David Stevenson tutor to Lord Lewisham (George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth).jpg|100px]] || || Mr. David Stevenson ||tutor to Lord Lewisham <br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-8.jpg|100px]] || [[File:George Legge, Viscount Lewisham, later 3rd Earl of Dartmouth, 1778, by Batoni.jpg|100px]] || [[George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-4.jpg|100px]] || || [[Charles Loraine Smith]] || painter<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 1-6.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Lord edgcumbe.jpg|100px]] ||[[Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe|Richard Edgcumbe]], &lt;br&gt;later 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe ||<br /> |-<br /> | || || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 2-1.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Joseph Leeson 2nd Earl of Milltown died 1801.jpg|100px]] || [[Joseph Leeson, 2nd Earl of Milltown]] || is reported to be, even if his portrait does not match in age and resemblance those in the [[National Gallery of Ireland]] by [[Pompeo Batoni]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[File:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 2-2.jpg|100px]] || || [[Valentine Knightley (painter)|Valentine Knightley]] of Fawsley || also painter<br /> |-<br /> | || || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3-1.jpg|100px]] || ||[[Pietro Bastianelli]] || curator of the Uffizi Gallery<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3-2.jpg|100px]] || || John Gordon ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3-4.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Thomas Patch self portrait npg.jpg|100px]] || [[Thomas Patch]] ||probably the man touching the ''Venus''<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3-5.jpg|100px]] || || [[Sir John Taylor, 1st Baronet|Sir John Taylor]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3-6.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Sir Horace Mann, 1st Baronet.jpg|100px]] ||[[Sir Horace Mann, 1st Baronet|Sir Horace Mann]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 3-3.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Felton Hervey.jpg|100px]] ||Hon. [[Felton Hervey]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | || || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4-1.jpg|100px]] || ||[[John Finch, 9th Earl of Winchilsea]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4-2.jpg|100px]] || || Mr. Wilbraham|| (one of the sons of [[Roger Wilbraham]] of Natwich)<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4-3.jpg|100px]]|| ||Mr. Watts ||<br /> |-<br /> |[[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4-5.jpg|100px]] || ||Mr. Doughty ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4-6.jpg|100px]] || ||Thomas Wilbraham ||(the second son)<br /> |-<br /> |[[file:Johan Zoffany - Tribuna of the Uffizi - people group 4-7.jpg|100px]] || [[File:James Bruce.jpg|100px]] ||[[James Bruce]] ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Footnotes==<br /> {{reflist|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{commons category|Uffizi Tribuna (Zoffany)}}<br /> ===Sources===<br /> * {{cite web |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/406983/the-tribuna-of-the-uffizi |title=The Tribuna of the Uffizi |work=Royal Collection}}; text adapted from<br /> ** {{cite book |first=Desmond |last=Shawe-Taylor |title=The Conversation Piece: Scenes of Fashionable Life |year=2009 |location=London |publisher=Royal Collection Publications |isbn=1905686072}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last=Pressly |first=William L. |date=March 1987 |title=Genius Unveiled: The Self-Portraits of Johan Zoffany |journal=The Art Bulletin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=88–101 |issn=0004-3079 |doi=10.1080/00043079.1987.10788404}}<br /> * {{cite thesis |first=John Anthony |last=Nicholls |title=Das Galeriebild im 18. Jahrhundert und Johann Zoffanys &quot;Tribuna&quot; |degree=Ph.D. |institution=Bonn University |language=German |year=2006 |url=http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2006/0865/0865-text.pdf |format=PDF }}<br /> * [http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/ARTH200/Zoffany_tribuna_diag.jpg Diagram with key to works and people], reproduced in {{cite web |title=The Gentlemanly Hang: Johann Zoffany, ''The Tribuna of the Uffizi'', 1772-78 |work=ARTH 200 Assignments: Authoritative and Disciplined Discussions of Masterpieces |date=Spring 2014 |url=http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/Museum/Zoffany_Tribuna.html |publisher=[[SUNY Oneonta]] |first=Allen |last=Farber }}<br /> <br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tribuna Of The Uffizi (Painting)}}<br /> [[Category:Paintings by Johann Zoffany]]<br /> [[Category:1770s paintings]]<br /> [[Category:Paintings of the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Uffizi]]<br /> [[Category:Paintings of art galleries]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toby_Ord&diff=200361559 2020-03-06T20:18:16Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups: repairing duplicate |influences =;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Australian English|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox philosopher<br /> | honorific_prefix = &lt;!-- see [[MOS:HONOURIFIC]] --&gt;<br /> | name = Toby Ord<br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- use only if different from full/othernames --&gt; Toby David Godfrey Ord<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|07|18|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Melbourne]], Australia<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | nationality = Australian<br /> | other_names = <br /> | period = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | title = <br /> | boards = &lt;!--board or similar positions extraneous to main occupation--&gt;<br /> | spouse = <br /> | children = <br /> | awards = &lt;!--notable national level awards only--&gt;<br /> | website = http://www.tobyord.com/<br /> | education = [[University of Melbourne]]&lt;br&gt;[[Balliol College, Oxford]]&lt;br&gt;[[Christ Church, Oxford]]<br /> | institutions = &lt;!--full-time positions only, not student positions--&gt; [[Balliol College, Oxford]]&lt;br&gt;[[Giving What We Can]]&lt;br&gt;[[Future of Humanity Institute]]&lt;br&gt;[[Centre for Effective Altruism]]&lt;br&gt;[[80,000 Hours]]<br /> | thesis_title = Beyond Action: applying consequentialism to decision making and motivation<br /> | thesis_url = <br /> | thesis_year = 2009<br /> | school_tradition = <br /> | doctoral_advisors = [[John Broome (philosopher)|John Broome]]&lt;br&gt;[[Derek Parfit]]<br /> | academic_advisors =<br /> | era = <br /> | discipline = &lt;!--major academic discipline – e.g. Physicist, Sociologist, New Testament scholar, Ancient Near Eastern Linguist--&gt;<br /> | sub_discipline = &lt;!--academic discipline specialist area – e.g. Sub-atomic research, 20th Century Danish specialist, Pauline research, Arcadian and Ugaritic specialist--&gt;<br /> | doctoral_students = &lt;!--only those with WP articles--&gt;<br /> | notable_students = &lt;!--only those with WP articles--&gt;<br /> | main_interests = [[Normative ethics]], [[practical ethics]], [[existential risk]], moral uncertainty<br /> | notable_works = <br /> | notable_ideas = [[Effective altruism]]&lt;br&gt;[[Reversal test]]&lt;br&gt;Moral trade<br /> | influences = [[Derek Parfit]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The Precipice&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ord |first=Toby |title=The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=1526600218}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[John Broome]]&lt;ref name =&quot;The Precipice&quot;/&gt;, [[Nick Bostrom]]&lt;ref name =&quot;The Precipice&quot;/&gt;<br /> | influenced = [[William MacAskill]] &lt;ref name=&quot;Doing Good Better”&gt;{{cite book |last=MacAskill |first=Will |title=Doing Good Better |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=9781783350513}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Toby David Godfrey Ord''' (born 18 July 1979) is an Australian philosopher. He founded [[Giving What We Can]], an international society whose members pledge to donate at least 10% of their income to effective charities, and is a key figure in the [[effective altruism]] movement, which promotes using reason and evidence to help the lives of others as much as possible.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/contributor/toby-ord/ | title=Hachette Book Group, Toby Ord| publisher=Hachette Book Group| accessdate=7 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207172028/https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/contributor/toby-ord/| archivedate=7 February 2020| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a Senior Research Fellow at Oxford’s [[Future of Humanity Institute]], where his work is focused on existential risk.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/the-team/ | title=Future of Humanity Institute, Team| publisher=Future of Humanity Institute| accessdate=7 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224115332/https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/the-team/| archivedate=24 December 2019| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; His book on the subject—''[[The Precipice (book)|The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity]]''—was published in March 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.hachettebooks.com/titles/toby-ord/the-precipice/9780316484893/ | title=The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity| publisher=Hachette| accessdate=23 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207164202/https://www.hachettebooks.com/titles/toby-ord/the-precipice/9780316484893/| archivedate=23 February 2020| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Ord attended the [[University of Melbourne]], where he initially studied computer science. On completing his first degree, he switched to studying philosophy to pursue his interest in ethics: &quot;At this stage I knew that I wanted to make a large positive difference in the world and it seemed that studying ethics would help.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=http://www.givingwhatwecan.org/about-us/member-profiles.php| title=Giving What We Can, Our Members| publisher=Giving What We Can| accessdate=9 December 2012| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327022841/http://www.givingwhatwecan.org/about-us/member-profiles.php| archivedate=27 March 2012| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> For his graduate studies, Ord moved to the [[University of Oxford]], where he obtained both a [[B.Phil.]], and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|D.Phil.]] in philosophy. Having submitted his doctoral thesis, 'Beyond Action: applying consequentialism to decision making and motivation’, Ord was retained as a junior research fellow by Balliol College, Oxford.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web | url=http://www.amirrorclear.net/academic/toby-ord-cv.pdf| title=Toby Ord CV | author= | date= | work= | publisher= | accessdate=9 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since 2014, Ord has been at Oxford's [[Future of Humanity Institute]], where he holds the position of a Senior Research Fellow.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/the-team/ | title=Future of Humanity Institute, Team| publisher=Future of Humanity Institute| accessdate=7 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224115332/https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/the-team/| archivedate=24 December 2019| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web | url=http://www.amirrorclear.net/academic/toby-ord-cv.pdf| title=Toby Ord CV | author= | date= | work= | publisher= | accessdate=23 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ord describes his focus as “the big picture questions facing humanity.”&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=http://www.tobyord.com | title=Toby Ord| accessdate=21 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224085422/http://www.tobyord.com/| archivedate=24 December 2019| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> He is a trustee of the Centre for Effective Altruism&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.centreforeffectivealtruism.org/team/ | title=Centre for Effective Altruism, Team| publisher=Centre for Effective Altruism| accessdate=7 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429003441/https://www.centreforeffectivealtruism.org/team/| archivedate=29 April 2019| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; and of 80,000 Hours.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://80000hours.org/about/meet-the-team/ | title=80,000 Hours, Meet The Team| publisher=80,000 Hours| accessdate=7 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429003441/https://www.centreforeffectivealtruism.org/team/| archivedate=29 April 2019| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Research==<br /> ===Ethics===<br /> Ord’s work has been primarily in moral philosophy. In applied ethics, he has worked on bioethics, the demands of morality, and global priority setting. He has also made contributions in global health, as an advisor to the 3rd edition of [[Disease Control Priorities Project]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.givingwhatwecan.org/blog/2014-05-13/toby-ord-and-dcp3|title = Toby Ord and DCP3|last = Hutchinson|first = Michelle|date = May 13, 2014|accessdate = May 14, 2014|publisher = [[Giving What We Can]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In normative ethics, his research has focused on consequentialism, and on moral uncertainty. <br /> <br /> ===Existential risk===<br /> Ord’s current main research interest is [[existential risk]]. His book on the topic — ''The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity'' — was published in March 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.hachettebooks.com/titles/toby-ord/the-precipice/9780316484893/ | title=The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity| publisher=Hachette| accessdate=23 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207164202/https://www.hachettebooks.com/titles/toby-ord/the-precipice/9780316484893/| archivedate=23 February 2020| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Giving What We Can ==<br /> At Oxford, Ord resolved to give a significant proportion of his income to the most cost-effective charities he could find. Following a number of enquiries from people interested in making a similar commitment, Ord decided to set up an organisation geared towards supporting like-minded donors.<br /> <br /> In 2009, Ord launched [[Giving What We Can]], an international society whose members have each pledged to donate at least 10% of their income to anti-poverty charities. The organisation is aligned with, and part, of the [[effective altruism]] movement. Giving What We Can seeks not only to encourage people to give more of their money to charity, but also stresses the importance of giving to cost-effective charities,&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web | url=http://www.givingwhatwecan.org/resources/recommended-charities.php | title=Putting Charities to the Test | author= Tina Rosenberg | date= 5 December 2012 | work= | publisher=The New York Times | accessdate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; arguing that &quot;research shows that some are up to 1,000 times as effective as others.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web | url=http://www.givingwhatwecan.org/resources/recommended-charities.php | title=Giving What We Can, Recommended Charities | author= | date= | work= | publisher=Giving What We Can | accessdate=9 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; By February 2020 Giving What We Can had grown to over 4,500 members, who have pledged over $1.5 billion to charities.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.givingwhatwecan.org | title=Giving What We Can| publisher=Giving What We Can| accessdate=18 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207024238/https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/| archivedate=7 February 2020| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ord himself decided initially to cap his income at £20,000 per year, and to give away everything he earned above that to well-researched charities. A year later, he revised this figure down to £18,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web | url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204528204577010061347756838?mg=reno64-wsj&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052970204528204577010061347756838.html | title=Small sacrifice, big return | author= Javier Espinoza| date=28 November 2011 | work= | publisher=The Wall Street Journal | accessdate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; This threshold rises annually with inflation.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-1683701/Ill-give-1m-to-charity-says-don-on-33000.html| title=I'll give £1m to charity, says don on £33,000 | publisher=This is Money| accessdate=23 February 2020| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of December 2019, he had donated £106,000, or 28 percent of his income.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web| url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/2/20982600/charity-10-percent-tithe-giving-what-we-can-toby-ord | title=This man has donated at least 10% of his salary to charity for 10 years running | publisher=Vox | accessdate=21 February 2020| url-status=live| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20191221073933/www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/2/20982600/charity-10-percent-tithe-giving-what-we-can-toby-ord | archivedate = December 2019 | df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over the course of his career, he expects his donations to total around £1 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{ cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11950843 | title=Toby Ord: Why I'm giving £1m to charity | author= | date=13 December 2010 | work= | publisher=BBC | accessdate=23 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Ord lives in Oxford with his wife, Bernadette Young, a medical doctor.&lt;ref&gt;{{ cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/dec/24/toby-ord-bernadette-young-joy-of-giving/print | title=The Saturday interview: Toby Ord and Bernadette Young on the joy of giving | author= Susanna Rustin | date=24 December 2011 | work= | publisher=The Guardian | accessdate=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is also a member of Giving What We Can.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> ===Books===<br /> * 2020 – ''The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity'', Toby Ord, {{ISBN|0316484911}}<br /> * 2020 – ''Moral Uncertainty'', William MacAskill, Krister Byvist, &amp; Toby Ord, {{ISBN|0198722273}}<br /> <br /> ===Journal articles (selected)===<br /> * 2019 – {{cite journal |first=Toby |last=Ord |title=An upper bound for the background rate of human extinction |journal=Scientific Reports|volume=9 |issue= |pages= |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47540-7 |doi= |jstor=}}<br /> * 2018 – {{cite arXiv |first1=Anders |last1=Sandberg |first2=Eric |last2=Drexler |first3=Toby |last3=Ord |title=Dissolving the Fermi Paradox |eprint=1806.02404}}<br /> * 2015 – {{cite journal |first=Toby |last=Ord |title=Moral Trade |journal=Ethics |volume=126 |issue= |pages= |url=http://files.tobyord.com/moral-trade.pdf |doi= |jstor=}}<br /> * 2014 – {{cite report | first1=Nick |last1=Beckstead |first2=Toby |last2=Ord |date= |title=Managing Existential Risk from Emerging Technologies |url=http://amirrorclear.net/files/managing-existential-risk-from-emerging-technologies.pdf |publisher= Government Office for Science |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote= }}<br /> * 2014 – {{cite book |last=Ord |first=Toby |editor-last=Perry |editor-first=J |title=God, The Good, and Utilitarianism: Perspectives on Peter Singer |publisher=CUP |chapter= Global poverty and the demands of morality |chapter-url=https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Global-Poverty-and-the-Demands-of-Morality-1.pdf |isbn=1107050758}}<br /> <br /> * 2013 – {{cite report | first=Toby |last=Ord | title=The Moral Imperative toward Cost-Effectiveness in Global Health |url=http://amirrorclear.net/files/the-moral-imperative-towards-cost-effectiveness-in-global-health.pdf}}<br /> * 2010 – {{cite journal |first1=Toby |last1=Ord |first2=Rafaela |last2=Hillerbrand |first3=Anders |last3=Sandberg | title=Probing the improbable: methodological challenges for risks with low probabilities and high stakes |journal=Journal of Risk Research |volume=13 |issue= |pages= |url=http://files.tobyord.com/probing-the-improbable.pdf |doi= |jstor=}}<br /> * 2006 – {{cite journal |first1=Nick |last1=Bostrom |first2=Toby |last2=Ord | title=The reversal test: eliminating status quo bias in applied ethics |journal=Ethics |volume=116 |issue= |pages= |url=http://files.tobyord.com/the-reversal-test.pdf |doi= |jstor=}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> *[[Applied ethics]]<br /> *[[Reversal test]]<br /> *[[Existential risk]]<br /> *[[Effective altruism]]<br /> *[[Giving What We Can]]<br /> *[[80,000 Hours]]<br /> *[[Nick Bostrom]]<br /> *[[William MacAskill]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.tobyord.com/ Toby Ord's Website]<br /> * [http://www.givingwhatwecan.org/ Giving What We Can Official Website]<br /> * [http://www.theprecipice.com/ The Precipice]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palacio_do_Grilo&diff=196295950 2019-12-23T14:24:35Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups: repairing duplicate |alt1 =;</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox building<br /> |name = PALACIO DO GRILO<br /> | native_name = ''Palácio do Grilo''<br /> | native_name_lang = pt<br /> | alternate_names = Palácio dos Duques de Lafões<br /> |image = Palácio do Grilo.jpg<br /> |image_caption = Palacio do Grilo - Side facades of the garden<br /> | location = [[Beato (Lisbon)]], [[Lisbon]], Portugal<br /> &lt;!--<br /> | latd = 38.732614<br /> | longd = -9.106594<br /> --&gt;<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|38|43|57.4|N|9|06|23.7|W|region:PT|display=inline,title}}<br /> <br /> |map_type = Portugal Lisbon<br /> | map_size = 220<br /> |map_caption = Location within Lisbon<br /> |owner = <br /> |construction_start_date = 1756<br /> |completion_date = 1760<br /> |style = [[Neoclassical architecture]]<br /> |architect = [[Eugénio dos Santos]]<br /> |civil_engineer = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Palácio do Grilo''' (English: '''Grilo Palace''') classified as Public Interest Monument since 2011, also known as the Palace of the [[Dukes of Lafões]] (Portuguese: Palácio dos Duques de Lafões), is located at the corner of Grilo Street with the [[Dukes of Lafões]] Sidewalk, standing in the [[Beato]] parish in the heart of the city of [[Lisbon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/equipamentos/equipamento/info/palacio-dos-duques-de-lafoes-ou-do-grilo|title=Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: equipamento|website=www.cm-lisboa.pt|access-date=13 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/pt/patrimonio/patrimonio-imovel/pesquisa-do-patrimonio/classificado-ou-em-vias-de-classificacao/geral/view/69969/|title=Palácio dos Duques de Lafões, também denominado Palácio do Grilo|last=|first=|date=|website=patrimoniocultural.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://portugal.postedto.com/news-and-events/visit-to-palacio-do-grilo-residence-of-the-duques-de-lafoes-24-05-2016|title=POSTED TO PORTUGAL - News: Visit to Palácio do Grilo, residence of the Duques de Lafões - 24/05/2016|website=portugal.postedto.com|access-date=13 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The structure constitutes an architural complex of the 18th century and predominantly [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassic]] style punctuated by [[baroque]] expressions and [[motifs]]. The construction of the building is intimately related to a few historical contingencies that have witnessed the Palace's extensive erection process.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/mais-sobre|title=Mais Sobre: Palacio Do Grilo - Correio da Manhã|website=www.cmjornal.pt|language=pt|access-date=13 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/jlldricarodrigues/docs/jll_im_palacio_do_grilo_laf__es-don|title=Jll im palacio do grilo lafões done change|website=Issuu|language=en|access-date=13 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> [[File:Palcio-do-grilo-plano-2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Atlas of the topographic map of Lisbon, Filipe Folque 1856-1858]]<br /> <br /> The Grilo Palace is set upon a pre-existent palatian structure located at the Grilo Farm that previously belonged to D. António de Mascarenhas. The exact date of construction concerning the pre-existing palatian structure is unknown. This farm was constituted by a very large land property that ascended the uphill pronounced slope, known today as Dukes of Lafões Sidewalk.<br /> <br /> Following Lisbon’s massive earthquake on the 1st November of 1755 is attributed to D. [[Pedro Henrique de Bragança]] having refused to light up his residence on the occasion of the marriage between the Infant D. [[Pedro III of Portugal|Pedro III]] and the king’s eldest daughter and future queen, D. [[Maria I]], princess of Brazil. This episode, in turn, stemmed from the fact that the Duke D. [[Pedro Henrique de Bragança]] was also one of the only two pretenders to the princess's hand, and consequently also to the portuguese throne as consort king. It’s important to understand that this particular occurrence happened a few years after found himself in a dispute with his uncle, king D. [[John V of Portugal]], that originated due to D. [[Pedro Henrique de Bragança]]’s romantic relationship with [[Luisa Clara de Portugal|Luísa Clara de Portugal]].<br /> <br /> The 1st Duke of Lafões directed the construction of Grilo Palace after Lisbon’s massive earthquake on the 1st November of 1755. The architect D. Pedro Henrique was first given the opportunity however due to his premature death in 1761, it was delegated to the Duke’s younger brother: D. [[João Carlos de Bragança, Duke de Lafões]].<br /> <br /> ==Architecture==<br /> <br /> [[File:Palcio-do-grilo-plano-3.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Plan of the project of Eugénio dos Santos - Palacio do Grilo]]<br /> [[File:Palacio-do-grilo-50.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Palacio-do-grilo-50|Murals painting of Academia room by Cyril Wolkmar Machado]]<br /> <br /> The construction structures that integrate the current architectonic complex of Grilo Palace are constituted by the sum of the interventions made throughout the years.The architecture is attributed to [[Eugénio dos Santos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5052|title=Monumentos|website=www.monumentos.gov.pt|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The interior is synonymous of decorative programs around cultural diversity and erudition, there are sets of murals painting by [[Cyril Wolkmar Machado]] and canvases from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they integrate theme lounges in the palace, such as the hall of the academy, the hall of Venus or the Chinese room.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5052|title=Monumentos|website=www.monumentos.gov.pt|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The structure was arranged in L shape, having its major compound oriented in the North-South direction, being thus vertical to Tejo River whilst the structure's minor compound was in turn facing towards the river, as well as the public avenue. In the interior part of the L structure, a patio used to exist, contained by other more modest constructions. The patio was located at the upper level of the street and could be accessed through a ramp that went under the shorter compound of the L shaped structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lifecooler.com/artigo/atividades/palacio-dos-duques-de-lafoes-palacio-do-grilo/429960/|title=Palácio dos Duques de Lafões / Palácio do Grilo|website=lifecooler.com|language=pt|access-date=13 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The main part of the palace, the larger body of the L shaped compound is, to this day, sensible to the already existing complex formed by the western wing.<br /> The main section standing on the avenue was doubled forming a facade of 11 apertures divided in 2 levels: ground level and noble floor. Similarly, the patio at the superior level with fairly approximate dimensions was also kept in the reconstruction project, with only minor corrections being necessary in order to maintain symmetry.<br /> <br /> At the ground level, springing from the facade a great lounge was suggested, from which a simplified staircase would come to lead the way to a grand open ballroom, towering that same patio.<br /> On the east side another main section symmetrically disposed to the already existent one was proposed. Taking advantage of the slope in a masterly way, this new building provided access directly into the patio through a ramp today known as Duke of Lafões Sidewalk.<br /> <br /> To the north of the central patio, stood another new main section. In the back, the gardens displayed in cascate through the hill. At the same level and connected to this lounge, was displayed another partition of extensive spaciousness, presumably destined to become a library considering the delimited markings on the plant.<br /> <br /> In opposition to the tradition of other Lisbon palaces, the Grilo project is composed of a scholarly complexity, characteristic of whom was used to maneuver architecture as a theoretical exercise of styling and to whom great palatian constructions would extend throughout Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5052|title=Monumentos|website=www.monumentos.gov.pt|language=en|access-date=2019-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Current status==<br /> On the passage to the 19th century, the idea of completing the palace is abandoned. This ground main section, constructed at the dawn of the 20th century and object to several changes, integrates structures of domes supported by the metal structure, and observes a regular metric for the main structure which is constituted by structuring masonry walls and cast iron pillars supporting the steel beams. In 2011, it attained the status of Public Interest Monument (PIM).<br /> <br /> ==Buildings==<br /> The access to the interior is done by the staircase of 18 stone stretches coated in glazed tiles of the late [[18th century]] in blue and white representing mythological and gallant style (Diana and Actaeon); in the upper level section, 3 doors, with cocking-cloths in carmine velvet with coat of arms, topped with 19th century tiled panels in blue and white, trimmed with heraldic coats of arms of the Lafões, Cadaval, and Marialva Houses;<br /> <br /> * Dining Hall: primitive terracotta tiled floor; 17th century tiled skirting board; smooth walls and ceiling (after restoration); portraits of family personalities and 1 depicting Isabel de Farnese; <br /> * Lounge: restored in the mid-20th century, with fluted pilasters belonging to the Doric order embedded in the walls; the wall openings (vãos) lined in silk; a great vessel of italian marble, on a niche at the top; D. Pedro II and D. João V portraits. <br /> * Atrium: opening from the end of the patio, with the (restored) smooth plaster ceiling in smooth ovals; the upper garnish of the walls, with suspended garlands, ashlars of polychromed tiles, and also [[:pt:Maria I de Portugal|D. Maria I]], in Estrela Basilica type; terracotta tiled floor;<br /> * Oculus Room: accessible through the central gate, squared floor plan (originally rectangular) with 10 doors.<br /> * Chapel: rectangular floor plan with stonework triumph arch, dividing the space in half; 4 doors in gilded wood at the ground level (2 in the main-chapel, 2 at the nave).<br /> * Duke’s Room: of rectangular plant with wooden pavement and door decorated with perpectivated painting; the ceiling presents ornamental paintings of large feasts, flower garlands and, over the communicating doors, putti pediments.<br /> * Academia Room: of rectangular floor plan with 8 shafts and wooden pavement presenting stucco ceiling and walls painted with late 18th century polychromatic decoration.<br /> * Chinese Room: squared floor plan with wooden pavement, presenting 5 shafts and walls in plaster with neoclassical style paintings depicting camafeus, feminine figures in fencings, flower garlands and large feasts with birds and diverse objects.<br /> * Venus Room: squared floor plan with wooden pavement, 6 shafts with flowery painted motifs, plaster walls painted with delicate ornamental, ceiling with great central oval and painting framed by fencing depicting [[:pt:V%C3%AAnus (mitologia)|Vénus]] emerging from the waters supported by 2 newts.<br /> * Arena: squared floor plan, located on the eastern side of the Oculus Room, presenting in the North facing facade a door with curbed stonework linte.<br /> &lt;gallery heights=160 class=center&gt; <br /> File:Palacio-do-grilo-48.jpg|alt=Chapel of the Palacio do Grilo|Chapel<br /> File:Palacio-do-grilo-51.jpg|alt=Chinese Room of the Palacio do Grilo|Chinese Room <br /> File:Palacio-do-grilo-52.jpg|alt=Academia room Palacio do Grilo|Academia room <br /> File:Palacio-do-grilo-53.jpg|alt=Venus room of the Palacio do Grilo|Venus room<br /> File:Palacio-do-grilo-54.jpg|alt=Oculus room of the Palacio do Gril|Oculus room <br /> File:Palacio-do-grilo-49.jpg|alt=Tiles of Arena of Palaico do Grilo|Tiles of Arena<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Portugal| ]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramani_Durvasula&diff=199391772 2019-11-19T17:14:41Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}<br /> {{short description|American psychologist, media expert, and author}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Ramani Suryakantham Durvasula<br /> | image = Rw group photo.jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|12|30}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Englewood, New Jersey]], US<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | nationality = American<br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Psychologist, author<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for =<br /> | notable_works = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ramani Suryakantham Durvasula, Ph.D.''' (born December 30, 1965) is a licensed clinical psychologist, media expert, and author. She has been sought out in various media outlets for her expertise on personality and mood disorders, including [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], the [[Lifetime Movie Network]], [[National Geographic]], and the [[History Channel]], as well programs such as the ''[[Today show|TODAY show]]'' and ''[[Good Morning America]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Durvasula was born in [[Englewood, New Jersey]] on December 30, 1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;gr&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramani Durvasula |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5813517.Ramani_Durvasula |website=Good Reads |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072920/https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5813517.Ramani_Durvasula |archive-date=January 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Her mother is Sai Durvasula.{{sfn|Durvasula|2015|loc=dedication page}} she also has a sister, Padma Salisbury.{{sfn|Durvasula|2015|loc=dedication page}}<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> {{quote box |align=right |width=360px |quote=We live in a world where mental illness, challenges in living, and general distress are so stigmatized. I strongly believed in the power of therapy to promote wellness, growth, and give people a nonjudgmental, structured space in which to be able to explore themselves in an uncensored manner.&lt;ref name=&quot;cip&quot;/&gt; |source=''Careers in Psychology''}}<br /> In 1989, Durvasula obtained a B.S. in Psychology from the [[University of Connecticut]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=One Hundred And Sixth Annual Commencement |date=May 21, 1989 |url=https://opencommons.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&amp;context=upub_commence |accessdate=November 17, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has also received MA and Ph.D. degrees in Clinical Psychology from [[UCLA]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; She has a private practice in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] and another in [[Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; She is also Professor of Psychology at [[California State University]], and a Visiting Professor of Psychology at the [[University of Johannesburg]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; Books she has authored include ''Should I Stay or Should I Go: Surviving a Relationship With a Narcissist'' and ''You Are WHY You Eat: Change Your Food Attitude, Change Your Life'', as well as peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers. She will release a book addressing &quot;the intersecting zeitgeists of societal and individual narcissism and their deleterious impact on our health and well-being&quot; in 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Durvasula first appeared on television on an episode of ''[[Remote Control (game show)|Remote Control]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;remotecontrol&quot;&gt;{{cite AV media|title=Dr. Ramani Durvasula, Relationship Realist - Something No One Knows |publisher=TONE Networks |people=Ramani Durvasula (interviewee) |via=YouTube |date=Jun 1, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKuC5KyxLAY |accessdate=19 November 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was the co-host of the show ''[[My Shopping Addiction]]'' on the [[Oxygen (TV channel)|Oxygen]] network, and has provided expert commentary on the [[Today show|TODAY show]] and [[Good Morning America]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; Channels such as [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], the [[Lifetime Movie Network]], [[National Geographic (U.S. TV channel)|National Geographic]], the [[History Channel]], [[Science Channel|Discovery Science]], and [[Investigation Discovery]] have also featured her. In the Fall of 2010, she starred in the Bravo series “Thintervention,” where she led group therapy sessions to help six participants find out the source of their overeating.&lt;ref name=Novotney/&gt; She is co-host of the [[podcast]] ''Sexual Disorientation''.&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; She has been interviewed on internet media platforms as well, notably MedCircle and TONE Network. She has spoken at [[TED (conference)|TEDx Sedona]] and [[South by Southwest]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; At the [[American Psychological Association]], she was on the Committee on Socioeconomic Status from 2014–2017 (serving as president in 2016),&lt;ref name=&quot;coss&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Committee on Socioeconomic Status Past Members |url=https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/committee/past-members.aspx |website=American Psychological Association |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165402/https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/committee/past-members.aspx |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Minority Fellowship Program.&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; The [[National Institutes of Health]] has funded her research on personality disorders;&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;/&gt; they approved a $1.5 million grant for her to study the link between [[HIV]] and mental illness.&lt;ref name=Novotney/&gt; The four-year study, that included 288 patients, determined that 92-percent of participants had experienced [[Depression (mood)|depression]], [[substance use disorder]] or another [[Axis I disorder|Axis-I disorder]], and that nearly half met criteria for at least one [[Axis II (psychiatry)|Axis-II]] disorder (e.g. [[antisocial personality disorder]], [[borderline personality disorder]], or [[narcissistic personality disorder]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Novotney2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Novotney |first1=Amy |title=Reducing the risk |journal=Monitor on Psychology |date=October 2009 |volume=40 |issue=9 |page=56 |url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/10/hiv-illness.aspx |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072822/https://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/10/hiv-illness.aspx |archive-date=January 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Accolades==<br /> In 2003, Durvasula received the “Emerging Scholar” Award from the [[American Association of University Women]] and the “Distinguished Woman” Award from the [[CSULA]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cip&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Interview with Ramani Durvasula – Therapist &amp; Clinical Psychologist |url=https://careersinpsychology.org/interview/ramani-durvasula/ |website=Careers in Psychology |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124157/https://careersinpsychology.org/interview/ramani-durvasula/ |archive-date=January 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; California State University was named Outstanding Professor of the year in 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;pts&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Psychology Today staff |title=Ramani Durvasula, Ph.D. |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/experts/ramani-durvasula-phd |website=Psychology Today |accessdate=January 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Durvasula resides in Los Angeles.{{sfn|Durvasula|2019|p=xxii}} On August 31, 1996 she married Charles Hinkin,{{cn}} and they have two daughters, Maya and Shanti.&lt;ref name=&quot;LACCINOLE&quot;/&gt; The couple separated in 2008 and divorced the following year.&lt;ref name=&quot;LACCINOLE&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=LACCINOLE |first1=KATHLEEN |title=Don't Waste Your Time with Toxic People, Advises Dr. Ramani Durvasula |url=https://esme.com/resources/divorce/dr-ramani-durvasula-interview |website=ESME |accessdate=November 17, 2019 |language=en |date=January 24, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In an interview with ''[[Prevention (magazine)|Prevention]]'' magazine, Durvasula recounted beginning to struggle with her weight in her mid 20s. After having children, however, stress from balancing her career and personal life caused her to seek &quot;solace&quot; in food.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bollinger&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bollinger |first1=Caroline |title=I Got My Body Back! |journal=Prevention |date=2008 |volume=60 |issue=7 |pages=057 |url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A184145027/GPS?sid=GPS&amp;xid=5e63db69 |language=English |issn=0032-8006}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fellow mothers at her daughter's school, who she says were generally svelte, were unkind to her.&lt;ref name=&quot;Evans&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=Rory |title=Kitchen Confidential |journal=Allure |date=December 2011 |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=168 |url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A278520638/GPS?sid=GPS&amp;xid=4dbcaa80 |accessdate=March 28, 2019 |language=English |issn=1054-7711}}&lt;/ref&gt; In preparation for a wedding, she tried on several [[sari]]s her mother had brought her from India, but none of them fit. Tearful, she committed to losing weight, and began a regimen of daily walking, smaller portions, and produce at every meal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bollinger&quot;/&gt; She lost 65 pounds after a little over a year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bollinger&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> *''Thintervention'' (2010) – starred&lt;ref name=&quot;Novotney&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Novotney |first1=Amy |title=On-air interventions |journal=Monitor on Psychology |date=March 2011 |volume=42 |issue=3 |page=54 |url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/03/interventions.aspx |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104073017/https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/03/interventions.aspx |archive-date=January 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''[[Red Table Talk]]'' (2019) – &quot;The Narcissism Epidemic&quot; (Guest)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite episode |title=The Narcissism Epidemic |episode-link= |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=571984246943596 |access-date=November 16, 2019 |series=Red Table Talk |series-link=Red Table Talk |first= |last= |network=Facebook |station= |date= |season=2 |series-no= |number=16 |minutes= |time= |transcript= |transcript-url= |quote= |language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Podcasts==<br /> *''GluckRadio'' (2013) – Episode 44&lt;ref&gt;{{cite podcast| url=https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/glucksolutions/episodes/2013-05-03T13_52_06-07_00| title=Episode 44: You Are WHY You Eat| website=Podomatic| host=Dr. Gluck| date=May 3, 2013| access-date=January 3, 2019| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124135/https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/glucksolutions/episodes/2013-05-03T13_52_06-07_00| archivedate=January 4, 2019| url-status=live| df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Sexual Disorientation with Dr. Ramani'' (2017–present) – Host&lt;ref name=&quot;SD&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Sexual Disorientation |url=http://sexualdisorientation.com/ |website=sexualdisorientation.com |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124037/http://sexualdisorientation.com/ |archive-date=January 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Being Well with Dr. Rick Hanson'' – S3:EP44: &quot;How to Deal with a Narcissist with Ramani Durvasula&quot; (2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite podcast|website=Being Well with Dr. Rick Hanson |season=3 |episode=44 |host=Rick Hanson | title=How to Deal with a Narcissist with Ramani Durvasula |url=https://www.rickhanson.net/being-well-podcast-how-to-deal-with-a-narcissist-with-ramani-durvasula/ |accessdate=November 16, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> ===Papers===<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani Suryakantham |last2=Mylvaganam |first2=Gaithri A. |title=Mental health of Asian Indians: Relevant issues and community implications |journal=Journal of Community Psychology |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=97–108 |date=April 1994 |doi=10.1002/1520-6629(199404)22:2&lt;97::AID-JCOP2290220206&gt;3.0.CO;2-# }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Hinkin |first1=Charles H. |last2=van Gorp |first2=Wilfred G. |last3=Satz |first3=Paul |last4=Marcotte |first4=Thomas |last5=Durvasula |first5=Ramani S. |last6=Wood |first6=Stacey |last7=Campbell |first7=Lionel |last8=Baluda |first8=Marc R. |title=Actual versus Self-reported Cognitive Dysfunction in HIV-1 Infection: Memory-Metamemory Dissociations |journal=Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology |date=June 1996 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=431–443 |doi=10.1080/01688639608408999|pmid=8877626 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Robinet |first1=Marta |last2=Lam |first2=Mona N. |last3=Castellon |first3=Steven A. |last4=Levine |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Hardy |first5=David J. |last6=Hinkin |first6=Charles H. |last7=Durvasula |first7=Ramani S. |last8=Mason |first8=Karen I. |last9=Schug |first9=Robert |title=ANPA ABSTRACTS |journal=The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences |date=May 2004 |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=218–241 |doi=10.1176/jnp.16.2.218 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Hinkin |first2=Charles H. |last3=Marion |first3=Sarah |last4=Keuning |first4=Allison |last5=Castellon |first5=Steven A. |last6=Lam |first6=Mona M. |last7=Robinet |first7=Marta |last8=Longshore |first8=Douglas |last9=Newton |first9=Thomas |last10=Myers |first10=Hector |last11=Durvasula |first11=Ramani S. |title=Adherence to antiretroviral medications in HIV: Differences in data collected via self-report and electronic monitoring. |journal=Health Psychology |date=2006 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=329–335 |doi=10.1037/0278-6133.25.3.329 |pmid=16719604}}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani S. |last2=Myers |first2=Hector F. |last3=Mason |first3=Karen |last4=Hinkin |first4=Charles |title=Relationship between Alcohol Use/Abuse, HIV Infection and Neuropsychological Performance in African American Men |journal=Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology |date=February 16, 2007 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=383–404 |doi=10.1080/13803390590935408 |pmid=16618627|pmc=2891502 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Hinkin |first1=Charles H. |last2=Barclay |first2=Terry R. |last3=Castellon |first3=Steven A. |last4=Levine |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Durvasula |first5=Ramani S. |last6=Marion |first6=Sarah D. |last7=Myers |first7=Hector F. |last8=Longshore |first8=Douglas |title=Drug Use and Medication Adherence among HIV-1 Infected Individuals |journal=AIDS and Behavior |date=July 29, 2006 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=185–194 |doi=10.1007/s10461-006-9152-0|pmid=16897351 |pmc=2867605 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Barclay |first1=TR |last2=Hinkin |first2=CH |last3=Castellon |first3=SA |last4=Mason |first4=KI |last5=Reinhard |first5=MJ |last6=Marion |first6=SD |last7=Levine |first7=AJ |last8=Durvasula |first8=RS |title=Age-associated predictors of medication adherence in HIV-positive adults: health beliefs, self-efficacy, and neurocognitive status. |journal=Health Psychology |date=January 2007 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=40–9 |doi=10.1037/0278-6133.26.1.40 |pmid=17209696|pmc=2863998 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Hinkin |first2=Charles H. |last3=Castellon |first3=Steven A. |last4=Mason |first4=Karen I. |last5=Lam |first5=Mona N. |last6=Perkins |first6=Adam |last7=Robinet |first7=Marta |last8=Longshore |first8=Douglas |last9=Newton |first9=Thomas |last10=Myers |first10=Hector |last11=Durvasula |first11=Ramani S. |last12=Hardy |first12=David J. |title=Variations in Patterns of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Adherence |journal=AIDS and Behavior |date=August 9, 2005 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=355–362 |doi=10.1007/s10461-005-9009-y |pmid=16088365}}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Regan |first1=Pamela C. |last2=Durvasula |first2=Ramani S. |title=Predictors of Breast Cancer Screening in Asian and Latina University Students |journal=College Student Journal |date=November 30, 2008|volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=1152–1161 |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ817030 |accessdate=January 4, 2019 |language=en |issn=0146-3934}}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Ettenhofer |first1=Mark L. |last2=Hinkin |first2=Charles H. |last3=Castellon |first3=Steven A. |last4=Durvasula |first4=Ramani |last5=Ullman |first5=Jodi |last6=Lam |first6=Mona |last7=Myers |first7=Hector |last8=Wright |first8=Matthew J. |last9=Foley |first9=Jessica |title=Aging, Neurocognition, and Medication Adherence in HIV Infection |journal=The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry |date=April 2009 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=281–290 |doi=10.1097/JGP.0b013e31819431bd|pmid=19307857 |pmc=2679810 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani S. |last2=Miller |first2=Eric N. |last3=Myers |first3=Hector F. |last4=Wyatt |first4=Gail E. |title=Predictors of Neuropsychological Performance in HIV Positive Women |journal=Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology |date=August 9, 2010 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=149–163 |doi=10.1076/jcen.23.2.149.1211|pmid=11309669 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani |last2=Miller |first2=Theodore R. |title=Substance Abuse Treatment in Persons with HIV/AIDS: Challenges in Managing Triple Diagnosis |journal=Behavioral Medicine |date=April 22, 2014 |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=43–52 |doi=10.1080/08964289.2013.866540 |pmid=24274175|pmc=3999248 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=R |title=HIV/AIDS in older women: unique challenges, unmet needs. |journal=Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.) |date=August 4, 2014 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1080/08964289.2014.893983 |pmid=25090361 |pmc=4152459 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Sayegh |first1=Philip |last2=Thaler |first2=Nicholas S. |last3=Arentoft |first3=Alyssa |last4=Kuhn |first4=Taylor P. |last5=Schonfeld |first5=Daniel |last6=Castellon |first6=Steven A. |last7=Durvasula |first7=Ramani S. |last8=Myers |first8=Hector F. |last9=Hinkin |first9=Charles H. |last10=Duregger |first10=Cornelia |title=Medication adherence in HIV-positive African Americans: The roles of age, health beliefs, and sensation seeking |journal=Cogent Psychology |date=February 1, 2016 |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311908.2015.1137207 |pmid=29104879|pmc=5667904 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani S. |last2=Regan |first2=Pamela C. |last3=Ureño |first3=Oscar |last4=Howell |first4=Lisa |title=Frequency of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Rates in a Multi-Ethnic Female College Sample |journal=Psychological Reports |date=August 31, 2016 |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=418–420 |doi=10.2466/pr0.99.2.418-420 |pmid=17153810}}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Minnick |first1=Alyssa M. |last2=Cachelin |first2=Fary M. |last3=Durvasula |first3=Ramani S. |title=Personality Disorders and Psychological Functioning Among Latina Women with Eating Disorders |journal=Behavioral Medicine |date=August 2, 2017 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=200–207 |doi=10.1080/08964289.2016.1276429|pmid=28767016 |pmc=6105924 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani S. |title=Personality Disorders and Health: Lessons Learned and Future Directions |journal=Behavioral Medicine |date=August 2, 2017 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=227–232 |doi=10.1080/08964289.2017.1337403|pmid=28767011 |pmc=6139668 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Ogaugwu |first1=Christian E. |last2=Cheng |first2=Qiuying |last3=Fieck |first3=Annabeth |last4=Hurwitz |first4=Ivy |last5=Durvasula |first5=Ravi |title=Characterization of a Lactococcus lactis promoter for heterologous protein production |journal=Biotechnology Reports |date=March 2018 |volume=17 |pages=86–92 |doi=10.1016/j.btre.2017.11.010|pmid=29541600 |pmc=5849866 }}<br /> *{{cite journal |last1=Durvasula |first1=R |last2=Kelly |first2=J |last3=Schleyer |first3=A |last4=Anawalt |first4=BD |last5=Somani |first5=S |last6=Dellit |first6=TH |title=Standardized Review and Approval Process for High-Cost Medication Use Promotes Value-Based Care in a Large Academic Medical System. |journal=American Health &amp; Drug Benefits |date=April 2018 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=65–73 |pmid=29915640|pmc=5973244 }}<br /> <br /> ===Books===<br /> *''You Are WHY You Eat: Change Your Food Attitude, Change Your Life'' (January 1, 2013)<br /> *''Should I Stay or Should I Go: Surviving A Relationship with a Narcissist'' (October 24, 2017)<br /> *''Mothers, Daughters, and Body Image: Learning to Love Ourselves as We Are'' (October 31, 2017) – with Hillary L. McBride<br /> *''Don’t You Know Who I Am: Staying Sane in an Era of Narcissism, Entitlement and Incivility'' (2019)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Works cited===<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani |title=Should I Stay Or Should I Go: Surviving A Relationship with a Narcissist |date=2015 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1618688781 |ref=harv}}<br /> *{{cite book |ref=harv |last1=Durvasula |first1=Ramani |title=&quot;Don't You Know Who I Am?&quot; How to Stay Sane in an Era of Narcissism, Entitlement, and Incivility |date=2019 |publisher=Post Hill Press |isbn=9781682617526}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{wikiquote}}<br /> *[http://www.doctor-ramani.com/ Doctor-Ramani.com], official website<br /> *[http://sexualdisorientation.com/ Sexual Disorientation], weekly podcast with Durvasula and Silvia Saige<br /> *{{Twitter|DoctorRamani | Ramani Durvasula}}<br /> *[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/guide-better-relationships A Guide to Better Relationships], her essays for ''[[Psychology Today]]''<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Durvasula, Ramani}}<br /> [[Category:1965 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Clinical psychologists]]<br /> [[Category:People from Englewood, New Jersey]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ab%C5%AB_Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-H%C4%81schim%C4%AB_al-Qurasch%C4%AB&diff=193681843 2019-11-01T13:24:05Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups</p> <hr /> <div>{{current person|date=November 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurayshi<br /> | native_name = {{lang|ar|أبو إبراهيم الهاشمي القرشي}}<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = kos oma<br /> | title = <br /> | order = 2nd [[Caliphate|Caliph]] of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]]<br /> | term_start = 31 October 2019<br /> | predecessor = [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | allegiance ={{flag|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}<br /> | branch =<br /> | serviceyears =<br /> | rank = Commander (until 2019)&lt;br&gt;Caliph (2019–present)<br /> | blank1 = Religion<br /> | data1 = [[Sunni Islam]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurayshi''' ({{lang-ar|أبو إبراهيم الهاشمي القرشي}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|language=ar|url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-50251980|title=تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية يعلن عن خليفة للبغدادي|date=2019-10-31|access-date=2019-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;) is the current caliph&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/national-international/Islamic-State-Group-Names-Successor-to-Al-Baghdadi-564167751.html|title=Islamic State Group Names Successor to Al-Baghdadi|last=|first=|date=|website=NBC Southern California|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-01|quote=The new spokesman, named Abu Hamza al-Qurayshi, urged followers to pledge allegiance to the new Caliph}}&lt;/ref&gt; of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. His appointment by a shura council was announced by ISIL media on 31 October 2019, less than a week after the death of [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Name==<br /> Little is known about al-Qurayshi, but his [[Nisba (onomastics)|nisbah]], al-Qurayshi, suggests that he, like Baghdadi, claims a lineage to [[Muhammad]]'s tribe of [[Quraysh]], a position that offers legitimacy in some quarters.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/islamic-state-new-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurayshi|title=Islamic State names new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi|last=Chulov|first=Martin|date=2019-10-31|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-10-31|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al-Qurayshi's name is believed to be a ''[[Nom-de-guerre|nom de guerre]]'' and his real name is unknown.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> ==Career==<br /> According to ISIL, al-Qurayshi is a veteran in fighting against [[western nations]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-50254785|title=Islamic State names its new leader as Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; being a religiously educated and experienced commander.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.trouw.nl/gs-ba8b226e|title=IS heeft een nieuwe leider: Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi al-Quraishi|last=Dahhan|first=Ghassan|date=2019-10-31|website=Trouw|language=nl|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-10-31|quote=IS liet weinig los over de nieuwe leider, behalve dat hij zowel een religieus geleerde is als een ervaren commandant|trans-title=IS did not release much information about the new leader, except that he is both a religious scholar and an experienced commander.}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was described as &quot;the scholar, the worker, the worshiper&quot;, a &quot;prominent figure in jihad&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-01/islamic-state-name-new-leader-after-baghdadis-death/11661212|title=Islamic State names new leader, confirms death of Baghdadi in US raid|date=2019-11-01|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; and an &quot;emir of war&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/10/31/islamic-state-announces-new-leader-death-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi/|title=Islamic State announces new leader after death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi|last=Sanchez|first=Raf|date=2019-10-31|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2019-11-01|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ===Leader of ISIL===<br /> Less than a week after the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, al-Qurayshi was elected by a shura council as the new caliph of ISIL,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; indicating that the group still considers itself a caliphate despite having lost all of its territory in Iraq and Syria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; al-Qurayshi's appointment was supposedly done in accordance with the “advice” of Baghdadi, meaning the new emir was named as a successor by Baghdadi himself.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/11/islamic-state-confirms-baghdadis-death-names-new-emir-of-the-faithful.php|title=Islamic State confirms Baghdadi's death, names new 'Emir of the Faithful' {{!}} FDD's Long War Journal|date=2019-11-01|website=www.longwarjournal.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; al-Qurayshi's coming to power followed several days of speculation and denial surrounding Baghdadi's death among ISIL supporters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-new-leader-abu-ibrahim-al-hashimi-al-qurashi-baghdadi-death-syria-a9179636.html|title=Isis just announced the name of its new leader after the death of Baghdadi|date=2019-10-31|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2019-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although the future of ISIL under al-Qurayshi has yet to be shown, observers believe that al-Qurayshi will become &quot;the leader of a frayed organisation that has been reduced to scattered sleeper cells&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/isil-confirms-death-leader-al-baghdadi-names-chief-191031151709004.html|title=ISIL confirms death of leader al-Baghdadi, names new chief|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other analysts believe that Baghdadi's death will likely cause ISIL to splinter, &quot;leaving whoever emerges as its new leader with the task of pulling the group back together as a fighting force&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Qurayshi, Abu Ibrahim al Hashimi}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century caliphs]]<br /> [[Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members]]<br /> [[Category:Leaders of Islamic terror groups]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century births]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{MEast-bio-stub}}</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lesley_Nneka_Arimah&diff=202955297 2019-09-20T19:35:54Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox writer<br /> | name = Lesley Nneka Arimah<br /> | embed = <br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_upright = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | pseudonym = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1983}}<br /> | birth_place = London, England<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | occupation = <br /> | language = <br /> | residence = <br /> | nationality = Nigerian<br /> | citizenship = <br /> | education = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | period = <br /> | genre = Short Story &lt;!-- or: | genres = --&gt;<br /> | subject = &lt;!-- or: | subjects = --&gt;<br /> | movement = <br /> | notableworks = &lt;!-- or: | notablework = --&gt;<br /> | spouse = &lt;!-- or: | spouses = --&gt;<br /> | partner = &lt;!-- or: | partners = --&gt;<br /> | children = <br /> | relatives = <br /> | awards = 2015 [[Commonwealth Short Story Prize]] for Africa, 2017 [[O. Henry Prize]], 2017 [[Kirkus Prize]], 2019 [[Caine Prize]]<br /> | signature = <br /> | signature_alt = <br /> | years_active = <br /> | module = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.org}} --&gt;<br /> | portaldisp = &lt;!-- &quot;on&quot;, &quot;yes&quot;, &quot;true&quot;, etc; or omit --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Lesley Nneka Arimah''' is a Nigerian writer, and winner of the 2015 [[Commonwealth Short Story Prize]] for Africa,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/jonathan-tel-wins-2015-short-story-prize|title=Jonathan Tel wins 2015 Short Story Prize|last=|first=|website=The Commonwealth|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|date= September 9, 2015|access-date=August 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; the 2017 [[O. Henry Prize]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.randomhouse.com/anchor/ohenry/spotlight/nneka.html|title=The O. Henry Prize Author Spotlight|last=|first=|date=|website=Random House|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; the 2017 [[Kirkus Prize]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/press-center/press/announces-2017-prize-winners/|title=2017 Kirkus Prize Winners Announced|last=Williams|first=Suzanne|date=November 2, 2017|website=Kirkus Reviews|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the 2019 [[Caine Prize for African Writing]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://caineprize.com/press-releases/2019winner|title=Lesley Nneka Arimah wins 2019 Caine Prize for African Writing|last=Killin|first=James|date=July 8, 2019|website=Caine Prize|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has been described as &quot;a skillful storyteller who can render entire relationships with just a few lines of dialogue&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/review-what-it-means-when-a-man-falls-from-the-sky-by-lesley-nneka-arimah/417709403/|title=REVIEW: 'What it Means When a Man Falls From the Sky,' by Lesley Nneka Arimah|first=Jackie |last=Thomas Kennedy|work=StarTribune|date=2017-04-01|access-date=2017-12-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;a new voice with certain staying power.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/lesley-nneka-arimah/what-it-means-when-a-man-falls-from-the-sky/|title=WHAT IT MEANS WHEN A MAN FALLS FROM THE SKY by Lesley Nneka Arimah |work= Kirkus Reviews|date= 2017-01-23|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Arimah was born in London in 1983. She grew up in both Nigeria and the U.K., and moved to the U.S. in her early teens. She is currently at work on a novel. In 2015, her story &quot;Light&quot; won the 2015 [[Commonwealth Short Story Prize]] for Africa. In 2016, 2017, and 2019, she was shortlisted for the [[Caine Prize]]. She won the 2019 edition with her story &quot;Skinned&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/art/nigerian-writer-lesley-nneka-arimah-wins-2019-caine-prize/|title=Nigerian writer Lesley Nneka Arimah wins 2019 Caine Prize|author=Editor|date= July 9, 2019|website=The Guardian|location= Nigeria|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-07-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Her work has appeared ''[[The New Yorker]],'' ''[[Granta]],'' ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]'', ''Per Contra'', and other publications.&lt;ref name=Caine&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/07/caineprize2017-interview-lesley-nneka-arimah-africa-dialogue/|title=#CainePrize2017 {{!}} On Motherhood, Class and Fabulist Fiction {{!}} Interview with Lesley Nneka Arimah|first=Gaamangwe Joy |last=Mogami|date=2017-07-03|work=Brittle Paper|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2017, she was named as one of the fiction writers honored by the [[National Book Foundation]], called &quot;Five Under 35&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/twin-cities-writer-lesley-nneka-arimah-named-one-of-national-book-foundation-s-five-under-35/447660253/|title=Minnesota writer named one of National Book Foundation's 'Five Under 35'|first=Laurie |last=Hertzel |work=StarTribune|date= 2017-09-25|access-date=2017-12-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Debut book ==<br /> In April 2017, her debut collection of short stories was published by [[Riverhead Books]] and [[Tinder Press]] (UK). It is titled ''What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky''.&lt;ref name=Caine /&gt; It was republished in Nigeria, by [[Farafina Books]], in November 2017. It won the [[Kirkus Prize]] for Fiction,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2017/11/03/minnesota-author-lesley-nneka-arimah-wins-kirkus-prize-for-fiction|title=Minnesota author Lesley Nneka Arimah wins Kirkus Prize for Fiction|last=Staff|first=MPR News|access-date=2018-06-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Minnesota Book Awards|Minnesota Book Award]] for Fiction&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/previous-winners-get-more-prizes-at-the-minnesota-book-awards-gala/480463721/|title=Novelist Lesley Nneka Arimah, poet Bao Phi, cartoonist Steve Sack win Minnesota Book Awards|first=Laurie| last=Hertzel |work=Star Tribune|date=April 23, 2018|access-date=2018-06-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [https://www.nypl.org/press/press-release/june-8-2018/lesley-nneka-arimah-wins-nypls-young-lions-fiction-award-what-it New York Public Library's Young Lions Fiction Award]. In January 2018, it was shortlisted for the [[9mobile Prize for Literature]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/two-nigerians-south-african-vie-for-9mobile-prize-for-literature-2018/|title=Two Nigerians, South African vie for 9mobile prize for literature 2018|work=The Guardian|author=Editor|location=Nigeria|date= 2018-02-11|access-date=2018-02-13|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The book centres &quot;on female protagonists exposed to a cruel world that pushes them to take certain steps to fit in, or make them realize, they just might not fit in,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/literallywhatshot-12-awesome-stories-beautifully-crafted-narratives-get-lesley-arimahs-means-man-falls-sky/|title=#LiterallyWhatsHot: 12 Awesome Stories with Beautifully Crafted Narratives is What You Get in Lesley Arimah's 'What It Means when a Man Falls from the Sky' |website=BellaNaija|author=OkadaBooks|language=en-US|date=December 14, 2017|access-date=2017-12-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; offering &quot;a humanizing portrait of both the Nigerian citizen and first generation young female immigrant&quot;, showcasing &quot;their flaws, their desires, their victories, and their attempts at carving out a place in a country whose customs and values diverge from that of their heritage.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://therumpus.net/2017/03/lesley-nneka-arimahs-characters-muscle-their-way-through-girlhood/|title=Lesley Nneka Arimah’s Characters Muscle Their Way through Girlhood|first= Liz|last=Von Klemperer |date=2017-03-27|work=The Rumpus.net|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The collection &quot;explores women’s dispossession from many angles, including the fraught relationships between mothers and daughters and the complicated dynamics of female friendship.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/02/what-it-means-when-man-fallsfrom-the-sky-lesley-nneka-arimah-review|title=What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky by Lesley Nneka Arimah review – short stories|last=Orr|first=K. J.|date=2017-09-02|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her writing, ''[[The Atlantic]]'' says, &quot;conveys respect for the people who claw their way through relentlessly difficult lives.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/the-powerful-pessimism-of-what-it-means-when-a-man-falls-from-the-sky/522687/|title=The Powerful Pessimism of 'What It Means When a Man Falls From the Sky'|last=Weiss-Meyer|first=Amy|work=The Atlantic|date=April 11, 2017|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[NPR]] calls it &quot;It's a truly wonderful debut by a young author who seems certain to have a very bright literary future ahead of her.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/05/521959681/what-it-means-when-a-man-falls-from-the-sky-is-defiantly-electrically-original|title='What It Means When A Man Falls From The Sky' Is Defiantly, Electrically Original|work=NPR.org|first=Michael|last=Schaub|date=April 5, 2017|access-date=2017-12-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> She currently lives in [[Minnesota]], United States.<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * ''What It Means When A Man Falls From The Sky'', New York: Riverhead, 2017. {{ISBN|9780735211025}}, {{OCLC|998228832}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * Chukwuebuka Ibeh, [https://brittlepaper.com/2019/09/the-brittle-paper-interview-with-the-caine-prize-2019-winner-lesley-nneka-arimah/ &quot;The Brittle Paper Interview with the Caine Prize 2019 Winner: Lesley Nneka Arimah&quot;], ''[[Brittle Paper]]'', September 20, 2019.<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Arimah, Lesley Nneka}}<br /> [[Category:Nigerian women writers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Igbo women writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Nigerian writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century women writers]]<br /> [[Category:1983 births]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willard_Carroll&diff=192959485 2019-05-24T14:57:13Z

<p>Frietjes: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> |image =<br /> |imagesize =<br /> | name = Willard Carroll<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|11|12}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Easton, Maryland]], United States<br /> | death_date =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | othername =<br /> | occupation = Film producer, writer, and director<br /> | yearsactive = 1983 &amp;ndash; 2007<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Willard F. Carroll''' (born November 12, 1955 in [[Easton, Maryland]]) is an American film producer, writer, director and animator. He was executive producer of ''[[The Brave Little Toaster (film)|The Brave Little Toaster]]'' series, writing the screenplays for ''[[The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue]]'' and ''[[The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars]]''.<br /> <br /> He wrote and directed the [[Ragnarok]]-themed horror/adventure film ''[[The Runestone]]'', the ensemble romance, ''[[Playing by Heart]]'', the family film, ''[[Tom's Midnight Garden (film)|Tom's Midnight Garden]]'', and the [[Bollywood]] pastiche, ''[[Marigold (2007 film)|Marigold]]''. ''Playing by Heart'' was entered into the [[49th Berlin International Film Festival]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Berlinale&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1999/02_programm_1999/02_Programm_1999.html |title=Berlinale: 1999 Programme |accessdate=February 4, 2012 |work=berlinale.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An ardent fan of the [[Land of Oz]], Carroll is recognized as having the largest privately held collection of Oz memorabilia in the world, and several books, including ''The Wizard of Oz Collectors' Treasury'' and ''All Things Oz'' have been published displaying parts of his collection, which includes the [[Wicked Witch of the West]]'s hourglass from [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|the 1939 MGM film]]. He also wrote and produced the TV series, ''[[The Oz Kids]]''.<br /> <br /> He established [[Hyperion Pictures]] with Thomas L. Wilhite,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title =A look inside Hollywood and the movies. | publisher =''Los Angeles Times''| url =https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/61496109.html?dids=61496109:61496109&amp;FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;type=current&amp;date=Sep+22%2C+1991&amp;author=Charles+Solomon&amp;pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&amp;desc=A+look+inside+Hollywood+and+the+movies.+DOG+DAZE+Why+(Woof)+Can%27t+(woof)+I+(woof)+Get+(woof)+Any+(woof)+Respect+(woof)%3F&amp;pqatl=google | date = | accessdate =November 6, 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; a former Disney executive who greenlighted ''[[Return to Oz]]''. Other animated films his studio released include ''[[The Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina]]'', ''[[The Tangerine Bear]]'', ''[[Rover Dangerfield]]'', and ''[[Bebe's Kids]]''.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> {{Empty section|date=June 2014}}<br /> <br /> ==Director==<br /> *1991 - ''[[The Runestone]]''<br /> *1998 - ''[[Playing by Heart]]''<br /> *1999 - ''[[Tom's Midnight Garden (film)|Tom's Midnight Garden]]''<br /> *2007 - ''[[Marigold (2007 film)|Marigold]]''<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|141033}}<br /> {{Willard Carroll}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Carroll, Willard}}<br /> [[Category:1955 births]]<br /> [[Category:People from Easton, Maryland]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:American animators]]<br /> [[Category:American film producers]]<br /> [[Category:American male screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Maryland]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Maryland]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{US-film-director-1950s-stub}}</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:Liberealist/Bahnhof_Affoltern_am_Albis&diff=187910156 2019-01-14T15:32:37Z

<p>Frietjes: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox station<br /> | name = Affoltern am Albis<br /> | image = Bahnhof Affoltern am Albis 1.JPG<br /> | caption = <br /> | address = Bahnhofplatz,&lt;BR&gt;[[Affoltern am Albis]],&lt;BR&gt;[[Canton of Zürich]],&lt;BR&gt;[[Switzerland]]<br /> | line = [[Zürich–Affoltern am Albis–Zug railway line|Zürich–Affoltern am Albis–Zug]]<br /> | elevation = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47.275881|8.44604|type:railwaystation_region:CH|display=inline,title}}<br /> | opened = 1864<br /> | electrified = <br /> | rebuilt = <br /> | closed = <br /> | architect = <br /> | passengers = <br /> | platform = 3<br /> | owned = [[Swiss Federal Railways]]<br /> | operator = [[Swiss Federal Railways]]<br /> | services={{S-rail|title=Swiss rail network}}<br /> {{rail line<br /> |previous = {{Stnlnk|Hedingen}}<br /> |next = {{Stnlnk|Mettmenstetten}}<br /> |route = [[Zürich S-Bahn]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[S5 (ZVV)|S5]] service&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |col = {{Swiss rail color|Zurich S-Bahn}} |lightcol={{Swiss rail color|Zurich S-Bahn|branch=S5}} }}<br /> {{rail line<br /> |previous = {{Stnlnk|Hedingen}}<br /> |next = <br /> |route = [[Zürich S-Bahn]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[S14 (ZVV)|S14]] service&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |col = {{Swiss rail color|Zurich S-Bahn}} |lightcol={{Swiss rail color|Zurich S-Bahn|branch=S14}} }}<br /> | map_type = Switzerland<br /> | map_size = 300<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Affoltern am Albis''' is a [[railway station]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[canton of Zürich]], situated in the municipality of [[Affoltern am Albis]]. The station is located on the [[Zürich–Affoltern am Albis–Zug railway line|Zürich to Zug via Affoltern am Albis railway line]] and is an intermediate stop on [[Zürich S-Bahn]] line [[S5 (ZVV)|S5]], as well as being the terminus of line [[S14 (ZVV)|S14]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill1&amp;Y=675675&amp;X=236625&amp;zoom=6&amp;bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&amp;layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill&amp;layers_opacity=1,1&amp;layers_visibility=true,true&amp;lang=en | accessdate = 2011-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/fahrplan/pdf/s-bahn_dez_2015.pdf | title = S-Bahn trains, buses and boats | publisher = ZVV | accessdate = 2016-02-22 | deadurl = yes | archivedate = 2016-02-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160222111817/http://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/fahrplan/pdf/s-bahn_dez_2015.pdf | df = }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=saw12-13&gt;{{cite book | title = Eisenbahnatlas Schweiz | year = 2012 | publisher = Verlag Schweers + Wall GmbH | isbn=978-3-89494-130-7 | pages = 12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Affoltern am Albis station is less than 30 minutes from [[Zürich Hauptbahnhof]]. On the Zug side there are three sidings, which are rarely used, and a former siding from the ''OVA'' site. The old station with its two platform tracks was completely rebuilt in 2001. The level crossing at the OVA site was abolished and replaced by a bicycle and passenger underpass. The station received a third platform track and all buildings were replaced. The station forecourt was rebuilt and a bus station was built. The integrated bus terminal has eight stops for the provisional six bus routes to the region as well as to Cham, Zürich, [[Muri]] and [[Thalwil]]. In September 2002, the current station was inaugurated with a festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.forums9.ch/dorfplatz/affoltern/bahnhoffest/fest/index.htm |title=Bahnhoffest Affoltern, September 2002|accessdate=31 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.affoltern-am-albis.ch/documents/wirtschaftsstandort.pdf | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014231039/http://www.affoltern-am-albis.ch/documents/wirtschaftsstandort.pdf|archivedate=14 October 2007| title=Wirtschaftsstandort Affoltern am Albis|format=PDF|publisher=Municipality of Affoltern am Albis|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery<br /> |lines=1<br /> |File:Bahnhof Affoltern am Albis 5.JPG|Station frontage<br /> |File:Bahnhof Affoltern am Albis 7.JPG|Station building<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{commonscat-inline|Bahnhof Affoltern am Albis}}<br /> *[http://www.sbb.ch/en/station-services/am-bahnhof/railway-stations/bahnhof-finden.posid.2224.html Affoltern am Albis station on Swiss Federal Railway's web site]<br /> <br /> &lt;BR&gt;<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Affoltern am Albis}}<br /> [[Category:Railway stations in the canton of Zürich]]<br /> [[Category:Swiss Federal Railways stations]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{switzerland-railstation-stub}}</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Tujoh&diff=184166184 2018-12-22T15:08:03Z

<p>Frietjes: update template syntax</p> <hr /> <div>{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sungai Tujoh<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_flag = <br /> | image_shield = <br /> | image_map = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|4|35|0|N|114|04|0|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}}<br /> | pushpin_map = Borneo<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|Brunei}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[Brunei|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Brunei}}<br /> | subdivision_type2 = <br /> | subdivision_name2 = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | elevation_m = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sungai Tujoh''', also abbreviated as '''Sg. Tujoh''', is the westernmost point of [[Brunei]]. It is located in the [[Belait District|Belait]] [[Districts of Brunei|district]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Poskod Baru Daerah Belait&quot;&gt;[http://www.brunet.bn/gov/post/poskod/kb.htm Poskod Baru Daerah Belait] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402130121/http://www.brunet.bn/gov/post/poskod/kb.htm |date=2 April 2008 }} - Retrieved 22 May 2007&lt;/ref&gt; The name of the area is derived from two Bruneian [[Malay Language|Malay]] words - ''Sungai'',&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/translation/malay/sungai Websters Dictionary Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195903/http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/translation/malay/sungai |date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; which means river or stream, and ''Tujoh''&lt;ref&gt;This is usually spelt as ''Tujuh'' in standard Malay. [http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/translation/tujuh Websters Dictionary Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930012948/http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/translation/tujuh |date=30 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; or the number seven. Literally, Sungai Tujoh is translated as the ''Seventh River'' or ''Seventh Stream'' in English.<br /> <br /> Although it is sometimes referred to as ''Kampong Sungai Tujoh'', there is no permanent settlement in the area. There is a custom and excise and immigration post at Sungai Tujoh, staffed by 46 immigration officers,&lt;ref name=&quot;imm&quot;&gt;[http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/Nov03/241103/nite03.htm Brunei Immigration Department Beef Up At All Control Posts, Brudirect 24 November 2003- retrieved 22-05-2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072614/http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/Nov03/241103/nite03.htm |date=28 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as a police control post whose function is to monitor the country's [[Brunei-Malaysia border|border]], to safeguard the security of the country, and to prevent crime.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/Apr05/030405/nite22.htm Belait Under Royal Scrutiny, Brudirect 3 April 2005 - retrieved 22-05-2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072513/http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/Apr05/030405/nite22.htm |date=28 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> [[File:Sg tujoh.gif|thumb|300px|Sungai Tujoh location in Mukim Belait]]<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | align = right<br /> | image1 = Brunei sg tujoh exit.JPG<br /> | width1 = 150<br /> | alt1 = Brunei exit stamp from the Sg Tujoh border crossing.<br /> | caption1 = Brunei exit stamp from the Sg Tujoh border crossing.<br /> | image2 = Malaysia sg tujoh.JPG<br /> | width2 = 150<br /> | alt2 = Malaysian entry stamp from the Sg Tujoh border crossing.<br /> | caption2 = Malaysian entry stamp from its checkpoint.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Sungai Tujoh is located at the westernmost point in [[Brunei]], in the [[Belait District|Belait]] district,&lt;ref name=&quot;Poskod Baru Daerah Belait&quot;/&gt; and lies across the border from [[Kampong Rentis]] in the [[Malaysia]]n state of [[Sarawak]]. The area is bounded by the border with Malaysia on the west and south side, the [[South China Sea]] to the north and the [[Kampong Sungai Tiga|Sungai Enam]] area to the east.<br /> <br /> It is one of the four land crossing points from Brunei to Sarawak and the only one in the Belait district. The other 3 are [[Kuala Lurah]] in the [[Brunei-Muara]] district to [[Limbang]] and the [[Bangar, Temburong|Puni]] and [[Labu, Temburong|Labu]] Immigration post in the [[Temburong]] district to [[Limbang]] and [[Lawas|Terusan]] respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;imm&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Sungai Tujoh area has been long claimed by the sultan of Brunei to constitute a part of the sultanate. It was divided in 1882, when the [[Abdul Momin|then sultan]] ceded the basin of the Baram to the [[White Rajah]] of [[Sarawak]], an area of some {{convert|10000|sqmi|km2|-4}}, on condition of a perpetual annual payment of 6000&amp;nbsp;dollars.&lt;ref&gt;[http://explorion.net/ch.hose-w.mcdougall-pagan-tribes-borneo-1/page-228.html The Pagan Tribes of Borneo, retrieved 22-05-2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928022745/http://explorion.net/ch.hose-w.mcdougall-pagan-tribes-borneo-1/page-228.html |date=28 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The border was delineated in 1958 by the [[United Kingdom]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://mpat.mod.gov.my/CYBERLIBSDATA/MEDIAS/ARTICLE/1179.pdf Brunei's Overlapping Maritime Claim with Malaysia over the Spratleys - retrieved 22-05-2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628121601/http://mpat.mod.gov.my/CYBERLIBSDATA/MEDIAS/ARTICLE/1179.pdf |date=28 June 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; who then had sovereignty over the [[colony]] of Sarawak and was responsible for the external relations of the [[protectorate]] of Brunei. An immigration post was built in the 1960s to control the movement of goods and people between [[Miri, Malaysia|Miri]] and points west in Sarawak with Brunei. It has been continually upgraded since then, with the latest upgrade being made just prior to the opening of the [[ASEAN Bridge]] across the [[Baram River]].<br /> <br /> The frequent traveller's card (FTC) was first implemented in 2005 at Sungai Tujoh. This enables residents from both countries to use their Mykad/Smart IC as a legal document for travel between the two countries instead of an international [[passport]]. As at December 2013 the FTC is no longer accepted. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/kunming/news/140 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Announcement, dated 25 September 2006, retrieved 22-05-2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927153628/http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/kunming/news/140 |date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> The main roads linking the ferry crossing towards the [[Malaysia]]n border (11&amp;nbsp;kilometers)&lt;ref name=&quot;roads&quot;&gt;[http://www.brunei.gov.bn/government/plan.htm National Development Plan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405152354/http://www.brunei.gov.bn/government/plan.htm |date=5 April 2007 }} of Brunei Darussalam. Government site Retrieved 19 April 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; and towards Rasau bridge are surfaced.<br /> <br /> There is a scheduled bus service that runs from [[Kuala Belait]] and terminates at the immigration post at Sungai Tujoh.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.biaramas.com/fares.html Biaramas fares from Sarawak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070409055052/http://www.biaramas.com/fares.html |date=9 April 2007 }} - Retrieved 19 April 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Passengers have to clear [[customs]] and [[immigration]] on foot and take a separate bus to [[Miri, Malaysia|Miri]].<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Sarawak}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geography of Brunei]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places in Brunei|Sungai Tujoh, Kampong]]<br /> [[Category:Brunei–Malaysia border crossings]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Explosion_im_RAF-Munitionslager_Fauld&diff=198088356 2018-12-20T13:47:11Z

<p>Frietjes: per tfd</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox military installation<br /> |name = RAF Fauld explosion<br /> |location = [[Staffordshire]], [[England]], UK<br /> |pushpin_map = United Kingdom Staffordshire<br /> |pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Staffordshire]]<br /> |image = Fauld.jpg<br /> |caption = Aerial view of the crater and damage to the surrounding area caused by the explosion, taken by the RAF on 4 December 1944<br /> |image_alt =<br /> |gridref =&lt;!--{{gbmappingsmall|}}--&gt;<br /> |coordinates = {{Coord|52.847117|-1.730608|display=inline,title}}<br /> }}<br /> The '''RAF Fauld explosion''' was a military [[accident]] which occurred at 11:11{{nbsp}}am on Monday, 27 November 1944 at the [[RAF Fauld]] underground [[munitions]] storage depot. The RAF Fauld explosion was one of the [[Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions|largest non-nuclear explosions]] in history and the largest to occur on UK soil.<br /> <br /> Between 3,500 and 4,000 [[tonne]]s of [[Ammunition#Ordnance|ordnance]] exploded—mostly comprising [[high explosive]] (HE)-filled [[bomb]]s, but including a variety of other types of weapons and including 500 million [[Cartridge (firearms)|rounds]] of [[rifle]] [[ammunition]]. The [[explosion crater]] with a depth of {{convert|300|ft|m}} and {{convert|250|yd|m}} across is still clearly visible just south of the village of Fauld, to the east of [[Hanbury, Staffordshire|Hanbury]] in [[Staffordshire]], [[England]]. It is now known as the Hanbury Crater.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Rowe-Almost World's largest explosion 2008&quot;&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/content/articles/2008/08/15/hanbury_crater_feature.shtml World's largest-ever explosion (almost) Mark Rowe] Mark Rowe, BBC Stoke. 29 August 2008, Accessed Dec 2013&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercian Geologist 2001 15-Fauld Crater&quot;&gt;[http://www.emgs.org.uk/files/local_geology/15(2)_fauld_crater.pdf Landmark of the Eastern Midlands – The explosion crater at Fauld] Tony Waltham, Mercian Geologist 2001 15 (2) p123-125, Accessed Jan 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Derby Telegraph-Book and 70th anniversary Fauld explosion&quot;&gt;[http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Bygones-Book-coincides-70th-anniversary-giant/story-23049328-detail/story.html Bygones: Book coincides with 70th anniversary of giant explosion at RAF Fauld, near Burton] Jane Goddard, Derby Telegraph. 6 October 2014, Accessed Jan 2015&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> A nearby [[Reservoir (water)|reservoir]] containing 450,000 cubic metres of water was obliterated in the incident, along with several buildings including a complete farm. Flooding caused by destruction of the reservoir added to the damage directly caused by the explosion.&lt;ref name = reed&gt;Reed, John, (1977). &quot;Largest Wartime Explosions: 21 Maintenance Unit, RAF Fauld, Staff. November 27, 1944&quot;, ''[[After the Battle]]'', '''18''', pp. 35–40. {{ISSN|0306-154X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The exact death toll is uncertain; it is believed that about 70 people died in the explosion.&lt;ref name=&quot;Derby Telegraph-Book and 70th anniversary Fauld explosion&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cause==<br /> <br /> [[File:Raf fauld tunnel bombs.jpg|thumb|left|Bombs being stacked in one of the tunnels at RAF Fauld]]<br /> <br /> The cause of the disaster was not made clear at the time. However, there had been staff shortages, a management position had remained empty for a year, and 189 inexperienced Italian [[POW]]s were working in the mines at the time of the accident. In 1974, it was announced that the cause of the explosion was probably a site worker removing a [[detonator]] from a live bomb using a brass chisel rather than a wooden batten. An eyewitness testified that he had seen a worker using brass chisels in defiance of the strict regulations in force.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/98/a6370698.shtml |title=WW2 People's War – War Memories – with a song and dance and a huge explosion |publisher=BBC |date=2005-10-24 |accessdate=2016-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112071755/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/98/a6370698.shtml |archive-date=2012-11-12 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Effects==<br /> Two huge explosions were witnessed at [[No. 21 Maintenance Unit RAF]] Bomb Storage dump on 27 November 1944 at 11:15 hours. Eyewitnesses reported seeing two distinct columns of black smoke in the form of a [[mushroom cloud]] ascending several thousand feet, and saw a blaze at the foot of the column. According to the [[Commanding Officer]] of 21 M.U. ([[Group Captain]] Storrar) an open dump of [[incendiary bomb]]s caught fire and it was allowed to burn itself out without damage or casualties. Property was damaged within a radius of ¾ mile of the crater.&lt;ref name=&quot;mhs&quot;&gt;Ministry of Home Security report File RE. 5/5i region IX.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Debris and damage occurred to all property within a circle extending for {{convert|1420|yd}}. Upper Castle Hayes Farm completely disappeared and Messrs. Peter Ford's [[Lime (material)|lime]] and [[gypsum]] works to the north of the village and Purse cottages were completely demolished. The lime works was destroyed by the destruction of the reservoir dam and the subsequent release of water into the works. Hanbury Fields Farm, Hare Holes Farm and also Croft Farm with adjacent cottages were all extensively damaged. Debris also damaged Hanbury village. The crater was some {{convert|300|yd|m}} by {{convert|233|yd|m}} in length and {{convert|100|ft|m}} deep covering 12 [[acre]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Rowe-Almost World's largest explosion 2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercian Geologist 2001 15-Fauld Crater&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Derby Telegraph-Book and 70th anniversary Fauld explosion&quot; /&gt; Approximately one third of the RAF dump exploded, an area of 65,000 square yards, but barriers of rock pillars between No. 3 and No. 4 sections held and prevented the other munition storage areas from exploding in a chain reaction. Damage from earth shock extended as far as [[Burton upon Trent]].{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}<br /> <br /> ==Casualties==<br /> At the time, there was no careful tally of the number of workers at the facility. So, while the exact death toll is uncertain, it appears that about 70 people died in the explosion. The official report said that 90 were killed, missing or injured,&lt;ref name=&quot;mhs&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;File no RE5/5 region IX, now held by [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] as [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/externalrequest.asp?requestreference=AIR17/10 AIR 17/10]&lt;/ref&gt; including:<br /> * 26 killed or missing at the RAF dump—divided between RAF personnel, civilian workers and some Italian [[POW|prisoners of war]] who were working there—5 of whom were gassed by toxic fumes; also 10 severely injured.<br /> * 37 killed (drowned) or missing at Peter Ford &amp; Sons, a nearby gypsum mine and plaster mill, and surrounding countryside; also 12 injured.<br /> * perhaps seven or so farm workers at the nearby Upper Castle Hayes Farm.<br /> <br /> Also 200 cattle were killed by the explosion. Some live cattle were removed from the vicinity but were dead the following morning.&lt;ref name=&quot;mhs&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> [[File:RAF Fauld Explosion memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|Memorial to the victims at the [[National Memorial Arboretum]] gives the number of victims as 70]]<br /> While much of the storage facility was annihilated by the explosion, the site itself continued to be used by the RAF for munitions storage until 1966, when No. 21 Maintenance Unit (21 MU) was disbanded.&lt;ref name = reed/&gt; Following France's withdrawal from [[NATO]]'s integrated military structure in 1966,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Member countries |url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_52044.htm#About |publisher=NATO |date= 9 July 2009 |accessdate= 15 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; the site was used by the [[US Army]], between 1967 and 1973, to store US ammunition previously stored in France.&lt;ref name = reed/&gt;<br /> <br /> Burton-on-Trent Library has a documented file on the explosion.<br /> <br /> By 1979 the site was fenced off and since then nature has taken over, with the area covered with over 150 species of trees and wildlife. The area is restricted as a significant amount of explosives are still buried deep in the site; the UK government has deemed their removal infeasible on the grounds of cost.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Bell|first=David|title=Staffordshire Tales of Murder &amp; Mystery|publisher=Countryside Books|year=2005|series=Murder &amp; Mystery|page=78|chapter=8|isbn=1-85306-922-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> No. 21 MU was the subject of several paintings under the collective title &quot;the bomb store&quot; by artist [[David Bomberg]]. He was briefly employed as a [[war artist]] by the War Ministry in 1943.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=David Bomberg |first=Richard |last=Cork |publisher=Yale University Press |date=1986 |isbn=978-0300038279}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{gallery|mode=packed|width=250<br /> |File:RAF Fauld explosion sign warning of unexploded munitions and hazard.jpg|Sign warning of unexploded munitions and hazard posed by the crater<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of United Kingdom disasters by death toll]]<br /> * [[RAF munitions storage during WWII]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * &quot;Britain's big bang&quot; by Peter Grego, ''Astronomy Now'', November 2004. {{ISSN|0951-9726}}.<br /> * McCamley, N.J. (1998). ''Secret Underground Cities''. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. {{ISBN|0-85052-585-3}}.<br /> * McCamley, N.J. (2004). ''Disasters Underground''. Barnsley: Pen &amp; Sword Military. {{ISBN|1-84415-022-4}}.<br /> * Grid Reference: SK182277<br /> * Hardy, Valerie. (2015). ''Voices from the Explosion: RAF Fauld, the World's Largest Accidental Blast, 1944''. {{ISBN|978-1-911121-03-9}}<br /> * McCamley, N.J (2015).&quot;The Fauld Disaster 27 November 1944&quot; Folly Books. {{ISBN|978-0-9928554-3-7}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.helenlee.co.uk/tutbury/fauld.html Tutbury: The Fauld Explosion]<br /> &lt;!-- *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051219164758/http://www.carolyn.topmum.net:80/tutbury/fauld/fauldcrater.htm The Fauld Explosion] --&gt;<br /> * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/content/articles/2008/08/15/hanbury_crater_feature.shtml The World's Largest Ever Explosion (Almost)]<br /> * [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;q=Hanbury+Hill,+Hanbury,+Burton-on-trent,+Staffordshire+DE13,+United+Kingdom&amp;sll=52.852716,-1.732535&amp;sspn=0.004691,0.013561&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;om=1&amp;z=16&amp;ll=52.852573,-1.733415&amp;spn=0.009381,0.027122&amp;t=k Satellite Image at Google Maps, showing Gypsum works]<br /> * [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;q=Hanbury+Hill,+Hanbury,+Burton-on-trent,+Staffordshire+DE13,+United+Kingdom&amp;sll=52.852716,-1.732535&amp;sspn=0.004691,0.013561&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;om=1&amp;z=16&amp;ll=52.847364,-1.733415&amp;spn=0.005806,0.021629&amp;t=k Satellite Image at Google Maps, showing blast crater]<br /> * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00nwvx2 BBC Radio 4 Programme 'Open Country', The Hanbury Crater]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fauld, RAF explosion}}<br /> [[Category:Explosions in 1944]]<br /> [[Category:1944 disasters in the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:1944 in England]]<br /> [[Category:1944 in military history]]<br /> [[Category:20th century in Staffordshire]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century military history of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Explosions in England]]<br /> [[Category:History of the Royal Air Force during World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Military history of Staffordshire]]<br /> [[Category:Disasters in Staffordshire]]<br /> [[Category:November 1944 events]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarn_Gynfelyn&diff=203220653 2018-12-19T23:01:20Z

<p>Frietjes: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox landform<br /> |name = Sarn Gynfelyn<br /> |location = [[Ceredigion]], [[Wales]], UK<br /> |map = Wales Ceredigion<br /> |map_width = 256<br /> |map_caption = Location in [[Ceredigion]]<br /> |photo = View to Wallog - geograph.org.uk - 845410.jpg<br /> |photo_caption = <br /> |photo_alt = <br /> |grid_ref_UK = <br /> |coordinates = {{Coord|52.4516|-4.0819|display=inline,title}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sarn Gynfelyn''' is a shingle [[spit (landform)|spit]] on the coast of [[Cardigan Bay]], in the county of [[Ceredigion]], Mid-[[Wales]], in the [[United Kingdom]]. It is located at [[Wallog]], a few kilometres north of [[Llangorwen]], close to [[Clarach Bay]], south of [[Borth]] and north of the regional capital [[Aberystwyth]].<br /> <br /> Similar [[landform]] examples are found at several points along the Cardigan Bay coast, known as ''sarnau''. They are thought to be long [[subtidal]] banks of [[glacial]] [[moraine]]s.<br /> <br /> ==In legend==<br /> [[File:Low tide at Sarn Gynfelyn - geograph.org.uk - 845252.jpg|thumb|left|The sarn revealed at low tide]]<br /> These protruding banks resemble man-made [[causeways]] and have long been part of the centuries-old legend of [[Cantre'r Gwaelod]], a fabled [[sunken kingdom]] which was lost beneath the waters of Cardigan Bay. According to legend, Sarn Gynfelyn was one of the causeways leading to the lost land. The legend of Cantre'r Gwaelod is comparable to the [[Deluge (mythology)|deluge myth]] found in nearly every ancient culture, and it has been likened to the story of [[Atlantis]].<br /> <br /> {{ external media<br /> | width = 300px<br /> | align = center<br /> | video1 = [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/mid/media/bb/coast-cantrer-gwaelod_16x9_bb.ram Sarn Gynfelyn and the submerged forest at Borth]<br /> | video2 = [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/mid/media/bb/coast-submerged-forest_16x9_bb.ram Submerged trees in the Dyfi Estuary]&lt;br&gt;Clips from ''Coast'' (BBC, 2006)<br /> }}<br /> In a 2006 episode of the [[BBC]] television documentary ''[[Coast (TV series)|Coast]]'', presenter [[Neil Oliver]] visited Sarn Gynfelyn to explore the legend of Cantre'r Gwaelod. The programme also featured the remains of the submerged forest at [[Ynyslas]], some {{convert|5|mi}} north of Sarn Gynfelyn, which is also associated with the legend. The vista of dead oak, pine, birch, willow and hazel tree stumps preserved by the acid [[Hypoxia (environmental)|anaerobic]] conditions in the soil is revealed at [[low tide]] and is estimated to be about 5000 years old.&lt;ref name=&quot;coast&quot;&gt;{{Cite episode |title=Cardigan Bay to the Dee |series=Coast |network=BBC |airdate=2005 |seriesno=1 |number=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=submerged&gt;{{cite web|title=5. Submerged Forest|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/mid/sites/coast/pages/5.shtml|work=Mid Wales Coast - Ynyslas Walk|publisher=BBC|accessdate=4 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Sarn Badrig]]<br /> *[[Sarn y Bwch]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> *[http://www.gtj.org.uk/cy/large/item/GTJ26952/ Photograph of Sarn Gynfelyn, 1999]<br /> *[http://archive.skyworks.co.uk/footage/sarn-gynfelyn-shingle-spit-jutting1.html Video clip: Sarn Gynfelyn Shingle spit jutting out to sea] (Skyworks)<br /> *[http://website.lineone.net/~dyfival1/histcant.htm Cantre'r Gwaelod (The Lowland Hundred) website article]<br /> [[Category:Reefs of Ceredigion]]<br /> [[Category:Cardigan Bay]]<br /> [[Category:Reefs of the Atlantic Ocean]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{wales-geo-stub}}</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nationalbibliothek_der_Mongolei&diff=189032296 2018-11-26T19:58:34Z

<p>Frietjes: /* top */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox library<br /> | native_name = Монгол Улсын Үндэсний Номын Сан<br /> | native_name_lang = mn<br /> | name = The National Library of Mongolia<br /> | image = mnlibrarypic.jpg<br /> | caption = Present building of the National Library of Mongolia <br /> | established = {{Start date and age|1921|paren=yes}}<br /> | location = [[Ulanbator, Mongolia]]<br /> | collection_size = around 3 million<br /> | items_collected = Books, Academic degree dissertations,journals,newspapers, magazines, databases, ancient and modern maps, manuscripts, sutras.<br /> | director = Msr. Ichinkhorloo.B <br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.nationallibrary.mn/mn/}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mongolian National Library''' ({{lang-mn|Монгол улсын үндэсний номын сан}}) located in [[Ulaanbaatar]], is the largest and oldest surviving library in Mongolia. It houses over three million books and publications, one million of which are rare and valuable books, sutras and manuscripts, including the world's only surviving copies of many ancient [[Buddhist texts]].<br /> <br /> ==Collections==<br /> <br /> The purpose of the National Library of Mongolia, according to its Rules of Organization and Operation, is “to collect and preserve manuscripts, sutras, academic degree dissertations, as well as books and periodicals that are published in Mongolia and significant foreign books and periodicals; to create a national bibliography; to serve efficiently the library users with the above material and to provide other public libraries with professional methodology, guidance and information.” The National Library of Mongolia is not only the largest library in the country, it is also the Professional Methodological Centre that develops regulations and legal documents to be applied in libraries in the country, develops and publishes professional publications, guidelines and bibliography and provides consultancy to over 1,500 public libraries of the country.<br /> <br /> Among the over one million rare and valuable books is a collection of historical materials in [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[Manchu language|Manchu]], [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]], and [[Chinese language|Chinese]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mongoliacenter.org/library/docs/SurveyNL.pdf &quot;Participant: Mongolian National Library.&quot; LALORC Project Survey, American Center for Mongolian Studies. No date. Accessed 1 July 2008.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930061547/http://www.mongoliacenter.org/library/docs/SurveyNL.pdf |date=30 September 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; There are also contemporary collections in [[German language|German]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and [[Korean language|Korean]] funded by non-profits from the respective countries in addition to a [[Soros Foundation]] funded English education room to help students prepare for language proficiency exams abroad. There is a [[United Nations]] depository reading room and ten computers for Internet access.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/cdnlao/049/494.html State Central Library of Mongolia. “Book Palace for Children.” CDNLAO Newsletter. 49 (2004). Accessed 7 May 2008.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616093012/http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/cdnlao/049/494.html |date=16 June 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The National Library also has a significant collection of photocopied [[pictographs]] and old [[xylograph]]ed books.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/lapsdir?action=LapsDetails&amp;orgid=23083 “National Library of Mongolia” Libraries of Asia Pacific Directory (2005). Accessed 7 May 2008.]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> &quot;Messenger for the People&quot; Mobile Library has opened in 2011 in cooperation with Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the [[World Bank]] and Rural Education and Development Project.&lt;ref&gt;[#Mobile Library]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A former branch of the National Library is the [http://www.bpc.mn/ '''Children's Book Palace'''] in [[Ulaanbaatar]]. It has an impressive collection of over 100,000 books in [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[English language|English]], and [[Russian language|Russian]], in addition to three [[Reference library|reading rooms]]. The reading rooms have titles like “Big Knowledge Man,” for younger children, “Dream,” for teenagers, and the “Education and Development” room with Internet access. The library has received the support of international organizations such as the Soros Foundation, [[Asian Development Bank]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/cdnlao/049/494.html State Central Library of Mongolia. “Book Palace for Children.” CDNLAO Newsletter. 49 (2004). Accessed 7 May 2008.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616093012/http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/publication/cdnlao/049/494.html |date=16 June 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Mongol Nemzeti Könyvtár, előtérben a Sztálin emlékmű (Nyikolaj V. Tomszkij, 1951.). Fortepan 100602.jpg|thumb|Library in 1971, with the statue of Stalin in front.]]<br /> [[File:Rinchen.jpg|thumb|100px|Statue of Byambyn Rinchen]]<br /> The National Library of Mongolia was officially established on November 19, 1921 under the auspices of the Scientific Committee of Mongolia. The decision was taken at the government's 24th meeting just four months after the [[Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921]] in July. Originally called the Institute of Sutra and Scripts, its original collection contained a mere 2,000 books all donated by the famed Mongolian scholar Tseven.<br /> <br /> According to its charter, the library's objectives included: &quot; Assembly and preservation of manuscripts, sutras , thesis for degrees, as well as books and periodicals that are published in Mongolia, as well as significant foreign books and periodicals, and for the creation of the National Library for effectively provide readers the above materials, and to provide other public libraries of professional methodology, guidance and information.&quot; Librarians and scholars were brought in from the [[Soviet Union]] to establish the first book exchange with the largest libraries of [[Moscow]] and [[Leningrad]] in 1924 and Soviet bibliographers initiated the first retrospective compilation &quot;Bibliographical Index of Mongolian books&quot;.<br /> <br /> The library's first reading room opened on November 24, 1923. Prior to the [[Second World War]], the Mongolian library collaborated solely with Soviet libraries. Starting in the late 1940s they began to interact with the libraries of other countries, first with [[communist bloc]] nations such as [[Hungary]] (1948), from 1963 - with libraries in [[Bulgaria]] (1963). By 1965 the library was collaborating with libraries from 26 countries, using funds of 49 libraries. Today, it has a book exchange program with 100 libraries in 70 countries.<br /> <br /> In 1963 the hall of the scientific literature was opened. In order to make the ancient texts of the Mongolian Script and Culture more accessible to foreign as well as domestic researchers, the small museum dedicated to rare and valuable books had been established in 1981. The Library became a member of the [[International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions]] (IFLA) in 1991 and currently has book exchange programs with over 100 libraries in 70 countries. In 2005 the library opened a [[Turkish language|Turkish]] Reading Room (1600 publications, more than 600 readers per year).<br /> <br /> In February 1990 the MPRP Politburo ordered the removal of [[Joseph Stalin|Josef Stalin]]'s statue from in front of the library in one of its first concessions to pro-democracy demonstrations that would lead to the [[1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia|1990 Democratic Revolution]]. In 2004 the writer and journalist Gotovyn Akim was appointed General Director of the library. Based on his recommendation a statue of [[Byambyn Rinchen]], a translator, scientist, linguist and prominent figure of modern Mongolian literature, was erected on the 100th anniversary of his birth in front of the library where the statue of Stalin had stood for nearly 40 years.<br /> <br /> ==Rare and Valuable Books Museum==<br /> <br /> The National Library of Mongolia possesses the great Buddhist canonic texts such as Kanjur consisting of 108 volumes, which contains holy didactical words told by Great Buddha himself and Tanjur, an explanatory dictionary to the Buddha teachings, which consists of 226 volumes. Kanjur means “Concise Orders” in Mongolian translation and it contains over 1260 title books belonging to the ancient Indian Tripitaka or three knowledge areas such as Sutraya, Vinaya, Abhidarma concepts which represent listening, meditating and creating abilities. In addition, the National Library of Mongolia possesses over 10 different kind of Kanjur editions such as Nartan Edition Kanjur /102 volumes/, Derge Edition Kanjur /100 volumes/, Khuree Printed Kanjur /105 volumes/, Mongolian Dust Paint Printed Kanjur /108 volumes/, Mongolian Manuscript Kanjur /76 volumes/, Golden Kanjur /101 volumes/, Silver Kanjur /102 volumes/, and Kanjur written with 9 precious stones which is the only copy in the world.<br /> <br /> ==“Messenger for the people” mobile library==<br /> <br /> In 2011 with the financial support of the [[World Bank]] the library launched the &quot;People's Messenger&quot; ( ''Ardyn Elch'' ) program, which aims to bring books to the nomads living in remote areas, residents in yurt suburbs of [[Ulaanbaatar]] , the military, prisoners, the disabled, pensioners and children not enrolled in school. Currently, the National Library advises about 1,500 libraries in the country, in the year to the funds received some 7,000 new publications.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|National Library of Mongolia}}<br /> *{{Official website|http://www.nationallibrary.mn/mn/}}<br /> *https://www.facebook.com/National.Library.of.Mongolia<br /> *http://yavuuliinnomiinsan.blogspot.com/<br /> *http://www.eurasianet.org/node/66551<br /> <br /> {{Asia topic|prefix=National Library of | title=[[National library|National libraries]] of Asia}}<br /> {{coord|47.9149|106.9162|type:landmark_region:MN|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:National libraries|Mongolia]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Ulaanbaatar]]<br /> [[Category:Libraries in Mongolia]]<br /> [[Category:1921 establishments in Mongolia]]<br /> [[Category:Libraries established in 1921]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twenty-Five_Mile_Creek_State_Park&diff=186047678 2018-11-09T22:30:36Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Chelan County, Washington|Chelan]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 1375<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|59|13|N|120|15|35|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1528937|Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 232<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = State acquisition<br /> | established = 1972<br /> | established1_type = State staffing<br /> | established1 = 1988<br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/293/Twenty-Five-Mile-Creek Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Park''' is a public recreation area on the western side of [[Lake Chelan]], {{convert|15|mi}} northwest of the city of [[Chelan, Washington|Chelan]] in [[Chelan County, Washington|Chelan County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]].&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; The {{convert|232|acre|adj=on}} [[state park]] was a private resort that came into state ownership in 1972. It was operated under lease to various concessionaires until the state took over staffing in 1988.&lt;ref name=chelan/&gt; The park offers camping, a marina, fishing, waterskiing, bird watching, and mountain biking.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/293/Twenty-Five-Mile-Creek |title=Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=August 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=chelan&gt;{{cite web |url=https://cityofchelan.us/pdfdocs/2017/10/PROS-Plan-Final-with-Appendices.pdf |title=Park, Recreation &amp; Open Space Plan |publisher=City of Chelan, Washington |page=117 |date=June 2016 |accessdate=August 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/293/Twenty-Five-Mile-Creek Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1958 Twenty-Five Mile Creek State Parks Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Parks in Chelan County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Lakes-Dry_Falls_State_Park&diff=186908747 2018-11-09T22:25:04Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Sun Lakes State Park.jpg<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Grant County, Washington|Grant]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 1270<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|35|41|N|119|21|55|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1508817|Sun Lakes State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 3774<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1933<br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/298/Sun-Lakes-Dry-Falls Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park''' (formerly, Sun Lakes State Park) is a public recreation area located at the foot of [[Dry Falls]], three miles west of [[Coulee City, Washington|Coulee City]] in [[Grant County, Washington|Grant County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. The [[state park]] covers {{convert|3774|acre}} along [[Washington State Route 17|Route 17]] at the head of the Lower [[Grand Coulee]].&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; A privately owned golf course and resort, Sun Lakes Park Resort, is located near the park entrance and Park Lake.&lt;ref name=brae/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Park history==<br /> The state purchased land to create the state park from 1933 through 1972. Fifteen parcels were purchased from the [[Bureau of Land Management]], the Department of Natural Resources, and private interests. The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] built rock walls and a lookout at Dry Falls called Vista House in 1938. The CCC workers also constructed a residence and water pump house. <br /> <br /> The Camp Delany group retreat facility&lt;ref name=wasp2/&gt; was added to the park in 1956, the buildings at Sun Lakes Park Resort were constructed in 1959, and the interpretive center overlooking Dry Falls was built in 1965.&lt;ref name=brae/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Features==<br /> Dry Falls is a stark cliff measuring {{convert|400|ft}} high and {{convert|3.5|mi}} wide. It was the site of a waterfall formed during the [[Missoula Floods]] which was ten times the size of [[Niagara Falls]]. The cliff overlooks a desert oasis filled with lakes and abundant wildlife.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; It is a prime example of [[shrub-steppe]] habitat. <br /> <br /> Umatilla Rock is a large [[basalt]] rock which resisted being eroded by the Great Floods.&lt;ref name=peters/&gt; Its location is downstream of the falls and upstream of the main park and resort. Nearby lakes include Dry Falls, Perch, Red Alkali, Green Alkali, and Meadow.&lt;ref name=map/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> [[File:Umatilla Rock at Sunrise.jpg|thumb|Umatilla Rock at sunrise]]<br /> The park has {{convert|73640|ft}} of lake shoreline and offers fishing, swimming, boating, hiking, and golf. The park's interpretive center offers exhibits on area geology.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; <br /> <br /> The Umatilla Rock Trail is accessible via a dirt road from the main portion of the park. The trailhead is located near the southwest portion of the rock. The five-mile round-trip trail navigates the outer circumference of the rock. An alternate section cuts up and over a notch on the northeast portion of the rock.&lt;ref name=wta/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=https://parks.state.wa.us/298/Sun-Lakes-Dry-Falls |title=Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=August 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=wasp2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/366/Camp-Delany |title=Camp Delany at Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=August 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=brae&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blogs.evergreen.edu/naturalhistory/files/2012/10/Heron-Braes-Flora-of-Sun-Lakes-State-Park.pdf |title=A Floristic Study of Sun Lakes State Park in Eastern Washington |first=Heron J. |last=Brae |publisher=Evergreen State College |date=January 21, 2011 |page=7 |accessdate=August 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=peters&gt;{{cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44683589 |title=Geology from Experience: Hands-on Labs and Problems in Physical Geology |last1=Peters |first1=E. Kirsten |last2=Davis |first2=Larry E. |publisher=W.H. Freeman and Co. |location=New York |date=2001 |page=241 |oclc=44683589 |isbn=0716731452}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=map&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1953/Sun-Lakes-Dry-Falls-State-Park---overview |title=Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park Map |accessdate=September 9, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=wta&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wta.org/go-hiking/hikes/umatilla-rock-monument-coulee |title=Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park—Umatilla Rock via Monument Coulee |publisher=Washington Trails Association |accessdate=September 9, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Sun Lakes — Dry Falls State Park}}<br /> {{Wikivoyage|Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park|Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park}}<br /> *[https://parks.state.wa.us/298/Sun-Lakes-Dry-Falls Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[https://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1953/Sun-Lakes-Dry-Falls-State-Park---overview Sun Lakes-Dry Falls State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Grant County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 1933]]<br /> [[Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Washington (state)]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steamboat_Rock_State_Park&diff=186276489 2018-11-09T22:22:00Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Steamboat Rock State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = SteamboatRock.jpg<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Grant County, Washington|Grant]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 1975<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_name = Steamboat Rock<br /> | prominence_imperial = 2283<br /> | prominence_note = &lt;ref name=gnis2&gt;{{cite gnis|1513296|Steamboat Rock}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|51|47|N|119|08|00|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1513303|Steamboat Rock State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 3522<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1972<br /> | established_note = &lt;ref name=tate/&gt;<br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/590/Steamboat-Rock Steamboat Rock State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Steamboat Rock State Park''' is a {{convert|3522|acre|adj=on}} [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] [[state park]] located near the north end of [[Banks Lake]] in the [[Grand Coulee]]. The park takes its name from the landscape's dominating feature, '''Steamboat Rock''', a [[basalt]] [[butte]] that rises {{convert|800|ft}} above the lake which nearly completely surrounds it.&lt;ref name=tate/&gt; The butte's plateau covers more than {{convert|600|acre}} and was used by nomadic [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes and by early settlers.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; During the last [[Ice Age]], the monolith stood as an island in the new bed of the [[Columbia River]] where it had been diverted by ice dams. Once the dams burst creating massive floods and the [[Scablands]], the Columbia returned to its original course, leaving Steamboat Rock as a prominent feature of the dry Grand Coulee.&lt;ref name=tate/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> The park has {{convert|50000|ft}} of shoreline and is open year-round for camping and day use. The park has trails for hiking, biking, and equestrian use as well as water activities including boating, swimming, waterskiing, and fishing. Winter activities include cross-country skiing, ice fishing, and ice climbing.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/590/Steamboat-Rock |title=Steamboat Rock State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=August 27, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=tate&gt;{{cite web |title=Steamboat Rock State Park |publisher=HistoryLink |work=The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/7506 |first=Cassandra |last=Tate |date=October 11, 2005 |accessdate=November 24, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{stack|{{commons category}}}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/590/Steamboat-Rock Steamboat Rock State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1951/Steamboat-Rock-State-Park Steamboat Rock State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Parks in Grant County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Buttes of Washington (state)]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacajawea_State_Park&diff=186910111 2018-11-09T22:11:50Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Sacajawea Historical State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Sacajawea Museum - Pasco, WA.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Sacajawea Interpretive Center<br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Franklin County, Washington|Franklin]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 348<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | prominence_note = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|46|12|00|N|119|02|26|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1507977|Sacajawea State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 267<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1931<br /> | established_note = <br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/575/Sacajawea Sacajawea Historical State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sacajawea State Park''' is a public recreation area and historical preserve in the city of [[Pasco, Washington|Pasco]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], covering {{convert|267|acre}} at the [[confluence]] of the [[Snake River|Snake]] and [[Columbia River|Columbia]] rivers where the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] camped on October 16, 1805.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; The [[state park]] bears the name of the [[Shoshone]] woman [[Sacagawea]], who was an active member of the expedition married to expedition member [[Toussaint Charbonneau]], a [[French-Canadian]] interpreter and explorer. The park's Sacajawea Interpretive Center features exhibits about her and about the Lewis and Clark Expedition.&lt;ref name=wasp2/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Park history==<br /> The park originated as a single-acre plot donated in 1927 and nurtured by members of the Pasco chapter of the Daughters of the Pioneers of Washington, preserving the Lewis and Clark encampment site. The grounds became a state park in 1931. Workers with the [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]] constructed the park museum and three other buildings in 1938.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> The park has facilities for picnicking, hiking, boating, fishing, and swimming. It is the beginning of the [[Sacagawea Heritage Trail]], a paved bike trail that connects the communities of [[Tri-Cities, Washington|Tri-Cities]] area. The park's single campsite is held in reserve for paddlers on the Northwest Discovery Water Trail.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/575/Sacajawea |title=Sacajawea Historical State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=wasp2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/250/Sacajawea |title=Sacajawea |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Sacajawea State Park|&lt;br&gt;Sacajawea State Park}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/575/Sacajawea Sacajawea Historical State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1939 Sacajawea State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://www.nww.usace.army.mil/Missions/Recreation/McNaryDamandLakeWallula/SacajaweaStatePark.aspx Sacajawea State Park] U.S. Army Corps of Engineers<br /> <br /> {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}}<br /> {{Protected areas of the Tri-Cities}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Parks in Franklin County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Museums in Franklin County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:1931 establishments in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Works Progress Administration in Washington (state)]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riverside_State_Park&diff=186277455 2018-11-09T22:09:54Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Riverside State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Bowl and Pitcher.jpg <br /> | image_caption = Park area called the Bowl and Pitcher<br /> | image_size = 280px<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Spokane County, Washington|Spokane]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 1857<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|44|36|N|117|32|07|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1507824|Riverside State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 11162<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1933 <br /> | established_note = <br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280px<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/573/Riverside Riverside State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Riverside State Park''' is a public recreation area located {{convert|9|mi|spell=in}} northwest of [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] in [[Nine Mile Falls, Washington|Nine Mile Falls]], [[Washington state|Washington]]. It is Washington's second largest [[state park]], covering some {{convert|11162|acre}} along the [[Spokane River|Spokane]] and [[Little Spokane River|Little Spokane]] rivers. The park is managed by the [[Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission]].&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The park came into being with various gifts of land in 1933 and 1934.&lt;ref name=foundation2/&gt; It was developed by members of the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]]. Evidence of the CCC's work can be seen at the Bowl and Pitcher area's suspension bridge, kitchen shelter, restroom, park residence, office, and maintenance shop. CCC workers also constructed the rock walls and much of the roadway of Aubrey White Parkway, the restroom on the Centennial Trail near the Carlson Trailhead, and various trails in the park.&lt;ref name=foundation3/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Features==<br /> Areas of the park include the Bowl and Pitcher, the '''Nine Mile Recreation Area''', the Little Spokane River Natural Area, the {{convert|600|acre|sing=on}} off-road vehicle park, the equestrian trails area, and a portion of the {{convert|37|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} [[Spokane River Centennial Trail]]. The Spokane House Interpretive Center has exhibits about the [[Spokane (tribe)|Spokane Indians]], early pioneers, [[fur trappers]], traders, the area's fort and military history, and [[Spokane House]], the fur trading post established nearby.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> Park activities include camping, fishing, swimming, picnicking, boating, canoeing, kayaking, bird watching, wildlife viewing, ATV riding, horseback riding, biking, hiking and rock climbing. Campgrounds are located at the Bowl and Pitcher, Nine Mile Recreation Area, and Lake Spokane.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/573/Riverside |title=Riverside State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 13, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=foundation2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://exploreriversidestatepark.com/about-us/about-the-park/park-history/ |title=Park History |publisher=Riverside State Park Foundation |accessdate=September 16, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=foundation3&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.riversidestatepark.org/ccc_at_riverside.htm |title=CCC at Riverside |publisher=Riverside State Park Foundation |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225094953/http://www.riversidestatepark.org/ccc_at_riverside.htm |archivedate=February 25, 2004 |accessdate=February 13, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *Mueller, Marge. ''Washington State Parks: A Complete Guide,'' The Mountaineers Books, 2004, {{ISBN|0-89886-893-9}}.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Riverside State Park}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/573/Riverside Riverside State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1935/Riverside-State-Park---overview Riverside State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://exploreriversidestatepark.com/ Riverside State Park Foundation]<br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Geography of Spokane, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Museums in Spokane County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:History museums in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Native American museums in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Spokane County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 1933]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Spokane_State_Park&diff=186908196 2018-11-09T22:00:39Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Mount Spokane State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Civilian Conservation Corps cabin, Mount Spokane State Park 20130527.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Caretaker's cabin designed by&lt;br /&gt; E.O. Fieldstad and built by Elmer Highberg<br /> | image_size = 280px<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Spokane County, Washington|Spokane]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 5548<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | prominence_note = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|55|31|N|117|06|59|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1506829|Mount Spokane State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = Mount Spokane<br /> | highest_note = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = 5883 <br /> | highest_elevation_note = <br /> | highest_coordinates = {{coord|47|55|17|N|117|06|51|W|display=inline}}<br /> | highest_coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis2&gt;{{cite gnis|1512684|Mount Spokane}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 12,293<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1927<br /> | established_note = <br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280px<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/549/Mount-Spokane Mount Spokane State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mount Spokane State Park''' is a public recreation area located in the [[Selkirk Mountains]], {{convert|23|mi}} northeast of the city of [[Spokane]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. The [[state park]] surrounds {{convert|5883|ft|adj=on}} [[Mount Spokane]] and other peaks including [[Mount Kit Carson]],&lt;ref name=gnis3&gt;{{cite gnis|1505998|Mount Kit Carson}}&lt;/ref&gt; Beauty Mountain,&lt;ref name=gnis4&gt;{{cite gnis|1511995|Beauty Mountain}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Quartz Mountain.&lt;ref name=gnis5&gt;{{cite gnis|1512588|Quartz Mountain}}&lt;/ref&gt; The park receives {{convert|300|in|m}} of snow annually and is home to [[Mount Spokane Ski and Snowboard Park]] as well as an extensive system of trails for hiking, biking, and horseback riding. As of 2018, [[Washington State Parks]] reported its acreage as {{convert|12,293|acre}},&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; making it Washington's largest state park, slightly ahead of [[Riverside State Park]] ({{convert|11,162|acre}}) which lies 23 miles to the southwest.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The park was dedicated with 1500 acres in 1927.&lt;ref name=history/&gt; During the 1930s, workers with the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC) planted grass, constructed picnicking and parking areas, constructed trails and shelters, and improved roads.&lt;ref name=arksey/&gt; <br /> ;Vista House<br /> Vista House was designed by architect, H. C. Bertelsen, as was the caretaker's cabin, although an earlier design for Vista House had been prepared by state park architect Charles Saunders. The caretaker's cabin was built by Elmer Highberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;CRMP&quot;/&gt; Some sources state that Vista House was built by the CCC.&lt;ref name=arksey/&gt;&lt;ref name=dorpat/&gt;&lt;ref name=becker/&gt; However, according to the State of Washington's ''Cultural Resources Management Plan'' (2009), a local contractor, E.O. Fieldstad, won the contract with a &quot;low bid of $4,693,&quot; and built Vista House. The publication states: &quot;Its existence near the site of the Mount Spokane CCC camp may have contributed to the present impression held by many that the Vista House was constructed by the CCC.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;CRMP&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> The park has {{convert|100|mi}} of trails for hiking, biking, and horseback riding. Trails range from easy (the {{convert|3|mi|adj=on}} Burping Brook Loop) to difficult (the {{convert|13|mi|adj=on}} ‘Round the Mountain Trail).&lt;ref name=trails/&gt; Winter activities include downhill and cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and snowshoeing. Camping and picnicking are also available.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/549/Mount-Spokane |title=Mount Spokane State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 12, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=trails&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mountspokane.org/images/MtSpokaneTrailGuide.pdf |title=Mt. Spokane State Park Trail Guide |publisher=Friends of Mt. Spokane State Park |date=April 2013 |accessdate=February 13, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=history&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mountspokane.org/history.html |title=Brief History of Mt. Spokane State Park |publisher=Friends of Mt. Spokane State Park |accessdate=February 13, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=arksey&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7819 |title=Mount Spokane State Park |publisher=HistoryLink |work=The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History |first=Laura |last=Arksey |date=August 2, 2006 |accessdate=February 13, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;CRMP&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mountspokane.org/images/MtSpokaneCRMP2009.pdf |title=Cultural Resources Management Plan: Mount Spokane State Park |date=July 2009 |last1=McMurry |first1=Alex |last2=Luttrell |first2=Charles |publisher=Washington State Parks Historic Preservation Program |pages=11, 52}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=dorpat&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sE5fhqswtcC&amp;pg=PA127 |title=Washington Then &amp; Now |last1=Dorpat |first1=Paul |last2=Sherrard |first2=Jean |year=2007 |publisher=Westcliffe Publishers |page=127 |isbn=978-1-56579-547-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=becker&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YP4CyiqJzkC&amp;pg=PA89 |title=Mount Spokane |first=Duane |last=Becker |series=Images of America |year=2012 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, S.C. |page=89 |isbn=978-0-7385-9543-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Mount Spokane State Park}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/549/Mount-Spokane Mount Spokane State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1912 Mount Spokane State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://www.mountspokane.org Friends of Mt. Spokane State Park]<br /> <br /> {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Spokane County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Geography of Spokane, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Washington (state)]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Pilchuck_State_Park&diff=186276134 2018-11-09T22:00:35Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Mount Pilchuck State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Mount_Pilchuck_9176.JPG<br /> | image_caption = Fire lookout on summit<br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 5197<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|48|03|28|N|121|47|48|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1524420|Mount Pilchuck}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 1903<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | date = <br /> | management = [[U.S. Forest Service]]; &lt;br&gt;Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission; &lt;br&gt;Everett Mountaineers<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://www.parks.wa.gov/548/Mount-Pilchuck Mount Pilchuck State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> '''Mount Pilchuck State Park''' is a public recreation area located {{convert|7|mi|spell=in}} east of [[Granite Falls, Washington|Granite Falls]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], on the western edges of the [[Cascade Mountains]]. The [[state park]] features {{convert|1903|acre}} of alpine scenery, recreational activities, and [[Mount Pilchuck]] itself. The main point of interest is the {{convert|3|mi|adj=on}} trail to the peak and the old [[fire lookout]] located on the summit, {{convert|5324|ft|m}} above sea level.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> {{stack|[[Image:Mount_Pilchuck_9258.JPG|right|thumb|View from hiking trail]]}}<br /> ==History==<br /> The name &quot;Pilchuck&quot; originated from the Native American name of &quot;red water&quot; for a creek in the area.&lt;ref name=oldwasp/&gt; The [[U.S. Forest Service]] built a fire lookout on the summit in 1918 which was staffed until the 1960s. Washington State Parks administered a concessionaire-run ski area on the slopes of Mt. Pilchuck from 1957 to 1980, when it was closed due to poor snow conditions. The park is managed in partnership with the [[USFS]] and the Everett Mountaineers.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/548/Mount-Pilchuck |title=Mount Pilchuck State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=November 2, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=oldwasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.wa.gov/548/Mount-Pilchuck |title=Mount Pilchuck State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=January 11, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117123647/http://www.parks.wa.gov/548/Mount-Pilchuck |archivedate=January 17, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{stack|{{commons category|Mount Pilchuck State Park}}}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/548/Mount-Pilchuck Mount Pilchuck State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1911/Mount-Pilchuck-State-Park Mount Pilchuck State Parks Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Snohomish County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 1957]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Sammamish_State_Park&diff=186277023 2018-11-09T21:51:30Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Lake Sammamish State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = 2006-08-0449lake-sammamish-washington.jpg<br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[King County, Washington|King]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]] | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 36<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | prominence_note = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|33|36|N|122|03|36|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1511547|Lake Sammamish State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 512<br /> | area_note = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1950<br /> | established1_type = Opened<br /> | established1 = 1952<br /> | established_note = <br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/533/Lake-Sammamish Lake Sammamish State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Lake Sammamish State Park''' is a [[park]] at the south end of [[Lake Sammamish]], in [[King County, Washington]], United States. The park is administered by the [[Washington State Park System]].&lt;ref name=&quot;wapark&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://parks.state.wa.us/533/Lake-Sammamish|title=Lake Sammamish State Park|publisher=Washington State Parks |accessdate=November 6, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The park covers an area of {{convert|512|acres|sqmi|2}} and has {{convert|6858|ft|m}} of waterfront&lt;ref name=&quot;wapark&quot; /&gt; and is known for its [[boat]]ing and watersport activities, such as [[waterskiing]]. The park has about 250 parking stalls for vehicle/trailer combinations. [[Issaquah Creek]] enters Lake Sammamish in the park.<br /> <br /> The State Park is accessible from [[Interstate 90 in Washington|Interstate 90]] at exit 15 and the north end of [[Washington State Route 900|State Route 900]]. Local access uses East Lake Sammamish Parkway SE and NW Sammamish Road, both are separate alignments of former [[Washington State Route 901|State Route 901]]. Public transit (bus) riders can access the Park via Metro Transit's routes 200, 216, 217, and 927.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Issauquah Neighborhood Bus Routes |publisher=King County Metro |url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/tops/bus/neighborhoods/issaquah.html |accessdate=18 July 2010 |date=7 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The state park is the center of a [[Lake Sammamish#Beavers|controversy over the ecological benefits of beavers]].<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> [[Image:Lake_Sammamish_-_Swing_(635521538).jpg|thumb|right|Lake Sammamish swing]]<br /> Lake Sammamish State Park includes numerous day-use facilities allowing a wide range of recreational uses. The park's facilities are grouped in three areas. The area west of Issaquah Creek includes picnic tables and shelters, two swimming beaches (Tibbetts Beach and Sunset Beach), restrooms, an RV sanitary dump, and athletic fields. Parking is available in many lots. Athletic fields include two softball fields, seven full-size [[soccer]] fields, and four youth-size (smaller) soccer fields. Separate parking is provided near each group of soccer fields. An entrance on NW Sammamish Road provides access to this area.&lt;ref name=&quot;parkmap&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Lake Sammamish State Park (map) |publisher=Washington State Parks |url=http://www.parks.wa.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1894 |accessdate=2014-08-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The area east of Issaquah Creek and west of East Lake Sammamish Parkway contains a [[boat launch]], trails, and natural habitat. At the boat launch, recreational boaters can access Lake Sammamish, park their vehicles and boat trailers, and use restrooms. The area east of East Lake Sammamish Parkway contains the Hans Jensen Youth Camp. Entrances on East Lake Sammamish Parkway SE provide access to these areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;parkmap&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Public safety==<br /> The park is generally a safe place to visit. [[Park rangers|Park Rangers]], who are commissioned law-enforcement officers, and local police officers patrol the park and enforce state laws and park rules. [[Eastside Fire and Rescue]] provides emergency medical services and fire protection.<br /> <br /> As a popular lake front park, the park has its share of tragedies. Swimmers drown in the cold water - approximately {{convert|50|to|55|F|C}} in the winter, and {{convert|70|to|75|F|C}} in the summer. Boating accidents cause injuries and property damage.<br /> <br /> On 17 July 2010, a shooting occurred about 9:00 PM. At the time, the park was packed with visitors enjoying a sunny summer day. Police responded to the park and locked it down. Firefighters and paramedics arrived to treat the wounded. Two men died at the scene, and four men went to local hospitals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Deadly State Park shootout started with a taunt |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/423587_shootout18.html?source=mypi |author=John Flick |author2=KOMO-TV staff |publisher=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer|SeattlePI.com]]|date=18 July 2010 |accessdate=18 July 2010 |authorlink2=KOMO-TV }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Connection to Ted Bundy===<br /> The park gained temporary notoriety when on July 14, 1974, serial killer [[Ted Bundy]] abducted Janice Ott and Denise Naslund in broad daylight within four hours of each other at the park.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/notorious/bundy/9.html|title=Ted Bundy, notorious serial killer|work=CourtTV Crime Library|publisher=[[CourtTV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their skeletal remains were found months later on the side of the road two miles (3&amp;nbsp;km) away near [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]], the town nearest to the park.<br /> <br /> ==Natural History==<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=February 2014}}<br /> The area that now contains both the State park and the City of [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]] has a long history of human use, dating back to the earliest settlements by resident native tribes. The descendants of the [[Snoqualmie people|Snoqualmie]], [[Sammamish tribe|Sammamish]], and [[Duwamish (tribe)|Duwamish]] people fished, hunted, and gathered plants such as camas from the mixed prairie and coniferous [[old-growth forest]] that grew in the Issaquah creek valley. The old-growth forest extended all the way to the edge of the southern shores of [[Lake Sammamish]].<br /> <br /> Beginning in the 1860s foreign hunters, miners, and settlers began to come over the hill from the area now known as [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]], and up the [[Sammamish River]] valley to the fertile open areas stretching from today's [[Kenmore, Washington|Kenmore]], [[Bothell, Washington|Bothell]], and [[Redmond, Washington|Redmond]]. Archeological studies have identified trees on the bottom of Lake Sammamish dating back over 1100 years that are there because of seismic activity and land slides. Similar slides occurred in [[Lake Washington]] around the same time. The condition of the lake and its surrounding forest most likely remained relatively unchanged from the time of the land slides until the late 1800s when European/American explorers found the valley.<br /> <br /> Because Lake Washington was {{convert|11|ft|m}} higher in the 1860s than it is today, and Lake Sammamish was {{convert|2|-|4|ft|1}} lower than it is today, it was possible to slowly drive a steamer up the winding course of the Sammamish River from Lake Washington to Lake Sammamish. The northeast end of Lake Washington extended all the way to the Bothell/[[Woodinville, Washington|Woodinville]] area. Early efforts to exploit this passage between Issaquah and Lake Washington for commercial purposes, primarily the shipment of coal from the mines in Issaquah, failed because it was so slow, shallow, and winding.<br /> <br /> The area known today as the Park and the City of Issaquah experienced rapid development during the latter part of the 1800s. The old-growth forest, including massive cedars and firs from the area of the park, was cut and floated down to [[sawmill]]s at the north end of the lake, and soon the [[hops|hop farms]] as well as [[dairy farm]]s moved into the cleared areas further leveling the area and burning out the great stumps. Further up [[Issaquah Creek|Issaquah]] and [[Tibbets Creek]]s, miners moved in and soon the Issaquah area was known for its coal mines. The town developed to support the logging, hunting, farming and mining. Roads and railroads, and land clearing for the homes, businesses, and farms soon changed the area dramatically.<br /> <br /> Little or no deliberate reforestation took place so the forests grew back as a mixture of deciduous trees with far fewer native, coniferous forest species remaining. When the big trees were removed, they were quickly replaced by short-lived [[Populus sect. Aigeiros|cottonwoods]] and [[big leaf maple]]s we see today.<br /> <br /> Human intervention has impeded the return of the characteristic, long-lived conifers and the natural understory trees, shrubs, and herbs associated with native [[Douglas-fir]], [[pacific madrone]], [[western hemlock]], [[Sitka spruce]], [[pacific dogwood]], [[Rhamnus purshiana|cascara]], [[Alnus rubra|red-alder]], and [[vine maple]]. The drier prairie-like areas hosted [[Garry oak]]s and [[Camassia|camas]], and were maintained form hundreds - possibly thousands of years - by periodic burning by the local tribes. Along with camas from the drier areas, tribal residents harvested [[salmonberry]], [[snowberry]], [[Ribes|currant]], [[Vaccinium parvifolium|huckleberry]], [[thimbleberry]], [[Asarum caudatum|wild ginger]], [[elderberry]], [[Oemleria|Indian plum]], [[serviceberry]], [[Rosa nutkana|nootka rose]], and other plants for food and medical needs. The understory was filled with [[Polystichum munitum|sword fern]], [[maidenhair fern]], [[deer fern]], [[salal]], [[Oregon grape]], [[oceanspray]], and other plants - most of which are no longer present in the park.<br /> <br /> [[Surface runoff|Runoff]] from the formerly wooded areas increased substantially over what it had been in the water-absorbing coniferous forest with its thick water-absorbing spongy floor and year-round, high-surface area needles. The increased runoff coupled with the removal of vegetation by development and farming, plus the scarring of the landscape from mining, road building, and farming caused a massive increase in [[sedimentation]] into the lake. The development of the large sand and gravel quarry in Issaquah contributed to the sedimentation load up through the 1980s when efforts to reduce the combined impacts of sediment and human generated waste water were finally made effective. The sediment plumes present in the modern day lake are 20th century additions to the lake shore. The increase in sedimentation as well as the residential development along the shoreline have combined to raise the level of the lake some {{convert|2|-|4|ft|1}} above its average 1860 level. The weir at the head of the Sammamish River contributes to the increase in lake levels, as does the sediment load and vegetation now clogging the Sammamish River at [[Marymoor Park]]. The bottom of the channel of Issaquah Creek is also {{convert|2|-|4|ft|1}} higher than it once was because of the buildup of sediment. This build up, coupled with the significant increase in runoff caused by the reduction in the upland forest, coupled with the general increase in the level of the lake has created wet areas where relatively dry, old-growth conifer forest once stood.<br /> <br /> This contributes to the generally wet, [[mud]]dy conditions that plague the Park most of the year. Restoration efforts have been ineffective because of lack of funding.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Lake Sammamish]]<br /> *[[Issaquah Creek]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> *{{citation |last=Gracey |first=Celeste |title=A Park Out of Place: The long-time struggles of Lake Sammamish State Park : Part 1 | newspaper=Bellevue Reporter |date=April 27, 2011 |url=http://www.pnwlocalnews.com/east_king/bel/news/120823919.html}}<br /> *{{citation |last=Gracey |first=Celeste |title=A Park Out of Place: Can Lake Sammamish State Park find a future, support in the community? : Part 2 | newspaper=Bellevue Reporter |date=May 6, 2011 |url=http://www.pnwlocalnews.com/east_king/bel/news/121336674.html}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|Lake Sammamish State Park}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/533/Lake-Sammamish Lake Sammamish State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/1894/Lake-Sammamish-State-Park Lake Sammamish State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> <br /> {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in King County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 1950]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ginkgo_Petrified_Forest_State_Park&diff=186908511 2018-11-09T21:38:42Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Ginkgo Petrified Forest / &lt;br&gt;Wanapum Recreational Area<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = PetrifiedWoodGPFSP.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Petrified logs at the park interpretive center<br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 791<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|46|56|56|N|120|00|10|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1513458|Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 7124<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1935<br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> {{designation list | embed = yes<br /> | designation1 = NNL<br /> | designation1_date = 1965<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> [[Image:Ginkgopark.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Park entrance features a petrified log]]<br /> <br /> '''Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park/Wanapum Recreational Area''' is a geologic preserve and public recreation area covering {{convert|7124|acre|adj=on}} on the western shoreline of the [[Columbia River]]'s [[Lake Wanapum|Wanapum Reservoir]] at [[Vantage, Washington|Vantage]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. Petrified wood was discovered in the region in the early 1930s, which led to creation of the [[state park]] as a national historic preserve.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; Over 50 species are found petrified at the site, including [[ginkgo]], [[Liquidambar|sweetgum]], [[Sequoia sempervirens|redwood]], [[Douglas fir]], [[walnut]], [[spruce]], [[elm]], [[maple]], [[Aesculus|horse chestnut]], [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwood]], [[magnolia]], [[Arbutus|madrone]], [[sassafras]], [[Taxus|yew]], and [[Hamamelis|witch hazel]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===Origin===<br /> The strata the park lies in is identified as the [[Miocene]] epoch of the [[Neogene]] period, around 15.5&amp;nbsp;million years ago.&lt;ref name=gsa/&gt; During the Miocene, the region was lush and wet, home to many plant species now extinct. A number of these trees were buried in volcanic ash, and the organic matter in the tree trunks was gradually replaced by minerals in the groundwater; the resulting petrified wood was protected for millennia by flows of [[basalt]]. Near the end of the last [[ice age]], the catastrophic [[Missoula Floods]] (about 15,000&amp;nbsp;BCE) eroded the basalt, exposing some of the petrified wood.<br /> <br /> ===Original inhabitants===<br /> In prehistoric times, the [[Wanapum]] tribe of Native Americans inhabited the region along the [[Columbia River]] from the Beverly Gap to the Snake River. The Wanapum people first welcomed white strangers in the area during Lewis and Clark's expeditions across the United States.&lt;ref name=natgeo/&gt;<br /> <br /> They lived by fishing and agriculture, carved over 300&amp;nbsp;[[petroglyph]]s into the basalt cliffs, and may have used the petrified wood exposed by erosion for arrowheads and other tools.&lt;ref name=historylink/&gt; According to documentation at the park, Wanapum never fought white settlers, did not sign a treaty with them, and, as a result, retained no federally recognized right to the land.<br /> <br /> ===First museum===<br /> Around 1927, highway workers noticed the petrified wood, leading geologist George F. Beck to organize excavations.&lt;ref name=&quot;historylink&quot;/&gt; The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] completed the excavation, built a small museum, and opened the park to the public in 1938.<br /> <br /> The petrified wood specimens in the museum were collected by Frank Walter Bobo, who was born 4&amp;nbsp;March 1894 in California. He moved to Cle&amp;nbsp;Elum, Kittitas County, Washington. He became a &quot;desert rat&quot; digging petrified logs from the arid hills of Kittitas and Yakima counties.<br /> <br /> Bobo was commissioned to collect, saw, and polish the specimens for the museum. He was partially compensated by being allowed to keep one-half of the specimens he prepared while on commission. His son, Don J. Bobo, Teanaway Valley, Washington, inherited his father's collection of about one&amp;nbsp;ton of petrified wood.<br /> <br /> ===Inundation===<br /> In 1963, [[Wanapum Dam]] was completed about four&amp;nbsp;miles (6&amp;nbsp;km) downstream, raising the water level of the Columbia River. A new Interpretive Center was constructed and about 60&amp;nbsp;[[petroglyph]]s salvaged from the rising water. Many of the salvaged petroglyphs are on display at the Interpretive Center.<br /> <br /> ===Recognition===<br /> In October 1965, the [[National Park Service]] designated the Ginkgo Petrified Forest as a [[National Natural Landmark]].&lt;ref name=nps/&gt; Petrified wood was named the Washington [[state gem]] by the [[Washington State Legislature|state legislature]] in 1975.&lt;ref name=legislature/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> The park museum has displays of both petrified wood and [[Wanapum]] [[petroglyphs]]. The park's Trees of Stone Interpretive Trail follows an exposed section of prehistoric Lake Vantage past 22 species of petrified logs that were left where they were discovered in the 1930s. The trail includes a 1.5-mile loop through sagebrush-covered hills and a longer 2.5-mile loop.&lt;ref name=times/&gt; The park also has {{convert|27000|ft}} of [[Columbia River]] shoreline with swimming and boating access as well as camping facilities.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest |title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=times&gt;{{cite news |last=O'Neal |first=Dori |title=Hard facts on Ginkgo Petrified State Forest |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/travel/2008160675_trpetrifiedforest07.html |date=September 7, 2008 |newspaper= The Seattle Times|accessdate=December 2, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=gsa&gt;{{cite web |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_59603.htm |title=Biostratigraphy of Columbia Basalt Group Petrified Forests |year=2003 |last=Orsen |first=Mark J. |last2=Reidel |first2=Stephen P. |publisher=Geological Society of America |accessdate=December 2, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=natgeo&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_069_13_31.html |title=Wanapum Indians |publisher=National Geographic |accessdate=April 14, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325181932/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_069_13_31.html |archivedate=March 25, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=nps&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nnlandmarks/site.htm?Site=GIPE-WA<br /> |work=National Natural Landmarks Program |title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=October 31, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=historylink&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7396 |title=Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park |author=Tate, Cassandra |work=The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History |publisher=HistoryLink |date=July 26, 2005 |accessdate=December 2, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=legislature&gt;{{cite web |url=http://leg.wa.gov/Symbols/Pages/default.aspx |title=State Symbols |publisher=Washington State Legislature |accessdate=January 31, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category|Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park}}<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/288/Ginkgo-Petrified-Forest Ginkgo Petrified Forest / Wanapum Recreational Area] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1876 Ginkgo Petrified Forest Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1961 Wanapum Recreational Area Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> <br /> {{Protected areas of Washington (state)}}<br /> {{Petrified forests}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:National Natural Landmarks in Washington (state)|Ginkgo Petrified Forest]]<br /> [[Category:Museums in Kittitas County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Natural history museums in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Geology museums in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Petroglyphs in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Native American museums in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Kittitas County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 1938]]<br /> [[Category:Petrified forests]]<br /> [[Category:Fossil parks in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Paleontology in Washington (state)]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federation_Forest_State_Park&diff=186277266 2018-11-09T21:37:23Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Federation Forest State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = [[General Federation of Women's Clubs]] | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Federation Forest State Park.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Federation Forest State Park, July 2007<br /> | image_size = 250px<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[King County, Washington|King]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 1667<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | prominence_note = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|47|09|14|N|121|41|33|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1519489|Federation Forest State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 619<br /> | area_note = &lt;ref name=gfwc/&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Dedication<br /> | established = 1949<br /> | established2_type = Acquisition<br /> | established2 = 1941-1971<br /> | established_note = &lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://www.parks.wa.gov/502/Federation-Forest Federation Forest State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Federation Forest State Park''' is a {{convert|619|acre|adj=on}} [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] [[state park]] on the [[White River (Washington)|White River]] in [[King County, Washington|King County]]. The park is located {{convert|15|mi}} east of [[Enumclaw, Washington|Enumclaw]] on [[Washington State Route 410|Route 410]] about {{convert|30|mi}} below the summit of [[Chinook Pass]].&lt;ref name=gfwc/&gt; The park features an [[old-growth forest]] that includes [[Douglas fir]], [[western hemlock]], [[Sitka spruce]], and [[western redcedar]] trees.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; Park amenities include {{convert|7|mi}} of [[hiking]] trails, picnicking facilities, and an [[interpretation centre|interpretive center]].&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:White River from Federation Forest.jpg|thumb|left|White River viewed from the park]] The park gets its name from the Washington state chapter of the [[General Federation of Women's Clubs]] (GFWC-WS), which raised the initial $25,000 that was used to purchase the land for the park from a lumber company in 1928. GFWC-WS members were concerned about the rapid pace of deforestation around the country and wanted to preserve the remaining old-growth forest in the state of Washington.&lt;ref name=gfwc/&gt; The original park was located about {{convert|8|mi}} west of [[Snoqualmie Pass]] and was dedicated in 1934. In the following years, windstorms, widening of an adjacent highway, and logging on adjacent property took a toll on the park, and the land was eventually sold back to the lumber company in 1938.&lt;ref name=gfwc/&gt;<br /> <br /> After about a decade, the new present-day location along the White River was chosen and dedicated in 1949. In 1958, local educator and GFWC-WS member Catherine Montgomery donated the money from her estate to the park. The money was used to build the Catherine Montgomery Interpretive Center.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/502/Federation-Forest |title=Federation Forest State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=gfwc&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.orgsites.com/wa/gfwcwashington/_pgg1.php3 |title=Federation Forest State Park |publisher=GFWC - Washington State |accessdate=February 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/502/Federation-Forest Federation Forest State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1864 Federation Forest State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in King County, Washington]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bridgeport_State_Park&diff=186047597 2018-11-09T16:01:51Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Bridgeport State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology_type = | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = Bridgeport State Park, June 2015.jpg<br /> | image_size = 280<br /> | image_caption = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Okanogan County, Washington|Okanogan]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 994<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|48|00|51|N|119|36|34|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1503545|Bridgeport State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 622<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established <br /> | established = 1955<br /> | established1_type = <br /> | established1 = <br /> | established_note = <br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/480/Bridgeport Bridgeport State Park]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Footnotes *** --&gt;<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bridgeport State Park''' is a public recreation area located two miles east of [[Bridgeport, Washington|Bridgeport]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], on the north shore of Rufus Woods Lake, the [[Columbia River]] [[reservoir]] created by the [[Chief Joseph Dam]].&lt;ref name=usace/&gt; The [[state park]] was built through a partnership between [[Washington State Parks]] and the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]] after completion of the dam in 1955.&lt;ref name=chronicle/&gt; The park's 25-year lease was renewed in 1990 and again in 2015.&lt;ref name=chronicle2/&gt; The park covers {{convert|622|acre}} which include {{convert|7500|ft}} of shoreline, camping areas, {{convert|4|mi|spell=in}} of hiking trails, and facilities for boating, fishing, swimming, and golf.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/480/Bridgeport |title=Bridgeport State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=usace&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.recreation.gov/recreationalAreaDetails.do?contractCode=NRSO&amp;parkId=248514&amp;facilityId=248514&amp;agencyCode=70902 |title=Bridgeport State Park |publisher=U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=chronicle&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.omakchronicle.com/news/2014/jan/22/state-considers-future-bridgeport-park/ |title=State considers future of Bridgeport park |newspaper=Omak-Okanogan County Chronicle |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=November 5, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=chronicle2&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.omakchronicle.com/news/2014/apr/02/commission-seeks-new-lease/ |title=Commission seeks new lease|newspaper=Omak-Okanogan County Chronicle |date=April 22, 2014 |accessdate=November 5, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/480/Bridgeport Bridgeport State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1845 Bridgeport State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Washington}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Okanogan County, Washington]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_Ground_Lake_State_Park&diff=186908333 2018-11-09T15:50:24Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Heading *** --&gt;<br /> | name = Battle Ground Lake State Park<br /> | native_name = | other_name = <br /> | category = [[List of Washington state parks|Washington State Park]]<br /> &lt;!-- *** Names **** --&gt; <br /> | etymology = | official_name = | motto = | nickname = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = battleground lake.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Aerial view of the lake and park<br /> | image_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Symbols *** --&gt;<br /> | flag = <br /> | symbol = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Clark County, Washington|Clark]]<br /> | district = <br /> | municipality = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Family *** --&gt;<br /> | city = | landmark = | river =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Locations *** --&gt;<br /> | location = <br /> | elevation_imperial = 509<br /> | elevation_note = &lt;ref name=gnis/&gt;<br /> | prominence_imperial = <br /> | prominence_note = <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|45|48|19|N|122|29|37|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_note = &lt;ref name=gnis&gt;{{cite gnis|1528803|Battle Ground State Park}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | highest = <br /> | highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_country = <br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_country =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | length_imperial = | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = | width_orientation = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 275<br /> &lt;!-- *** Features *** --&gt;<br /> | geology = | biome = | plant = | animal = | style = <br /> &lt;!-- *** History &amp; management *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = 1966<br /> | established_note = <br /> | date = <br /> | management = Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> | management_location = | management_region = | management_country =<br /> | management_elevation_imperial = <br /> | owner = | leader =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Access *** --&gt;<br /> | public = | visitation = | visitation_date = | access =<br /> &lt;!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | category_iucn =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Maps *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the state of Washington<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 280<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt; <br /> | commons = <br /> | website = [http://parks.state.wa.us/472/Battle-Ground-Lake Battle Ground Lake State Park]<br /> | footnotes = {{Infobox landform|water=yes|child=yes<br /> | name = Battle Ground Lake<br /> | photo = <br /> | photo_caption = Battle Ground Lake State Park<br /> | surface_elevation = {{convert|509|ft|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;gnis2&quot;&gt;{{cite gnis|1516191|Battle Ground Lake}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | location = [[Clark County, Washington]]<br /> | range = <br /> | coords = <br /> | coords_ref = <br /> | topo = <br /> | formed_by = Magma induced steam explosion<br /> | geology = [[Maar]]<br /> | age = <br /> | volcanic_field = [[Boring Lava Field]]<br /> | last_eruption = <br /> | first_ascent = <br /> | easiest_route = <br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Battle Ground Lake State Park''' is a {{convert|275|acre|adj=on}} public recreation area located {{convert|3|mi|spell=in}} northeast of the city of [[Battle Ground, Washington]]. The [[state park]] is covered by an [[evergreen]] forest centered around a [[crater lake]] of [[volcano|volcanic]] origin. The park is managed by the [[Washington State Park System|Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission]].&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The park is the site of a {{convert|400|ft|adj=on}} volcano in the [[Boring Lava Field]] where a [[magma]]-induced steam explosion 105,000 years ago&lt;ref name=bishop/&gt; made a large bean-shaped crater, a [[maar]], which later filled with water, forming a crater lake.&lt;ref name=observatory/&gt; The lake was the site of a resort dating from the 1920s when a consortium of businessmen planned an upgrade that would include the addition of a dance hall, &quot;swimming tanks,&quot; and amusements plus a power plant and electric lights.&lt;ref name=spokesman/&gt; From 1964 to 1968, the resort was operated by Virgil Dollar, a member of the family for whom the nearby intersection of Dollars Corner was named.&lt;ref name=columbian/&gt; The state initiated acquisition of the site in 1965,&lt;ref name=chronicle/&gt; with purchase for US$550,000 approved in 1966.&lt;ref name=chronicle2/&gt; At a meeting in 1970, the State Parks and Recreation Commission determined that &quot;Battle Ground&quot; should be spelled as two words in deference to the spelling of the nearby city.&lt;ref name=spokesman2/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> The park includes a swimming area, boat launch, campground, and cabin rentals. Hiking and bridle trails ring the lake and criss-cross the summit area.&lt;ref name=wasp/&gt; Rainbow trout and coastal cutthroat trout are stocked during late winter through spring. Largemouth bass, grass carp, and crappie are present, with trout fishing the main attraction for anglers, especially on opening day.&lt;ref name=fish/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=wasp&gt;{{cite web |url=http://parks.state.wa.us/472/Battle-Ground-Lake |title=Battle Ground Lake State Park |publisher=Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission |accessdate=February 27, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=bishop&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fk2pBzzy9LsC&amp;pg=PA88 |title=Hiking Oregon's Geology |authors=Ellen Morris Biship, John E. Allen |year=2004 |publisher=The Mountaineers Books |page=88 |isbn=978-0-89886-847-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=observatory&gt;{{cite web |url=http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/cvo_boring.html |title=The Boring Volcanic Field — Hills of the Portland Basin |work=Cascades Volcano Observatory |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |accessdate=February 27, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=fish&gt;{{cite web |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/washington/727/ |title=Battle Ground Lake |work=Fishing and Shellfishing: Lowland Lakes |publisher=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife |accessdate=February 27, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=columbian&gt;{{cite web |url=http://history.columbian.com/the-dollar-family/ |title=The Dollar Family |work=Clark County History |publisher=''The Columbian'' |accessdate=February 27, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=spokesman&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&amp;dat=19210607&amp;id=S6dXAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=svMDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4566,3056149 |title=Resort will be improved |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Wash. |date=June 7, 1921 |accessdate=January 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=spokesman2&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&amp;dat=19700609&amp;id=2u5LAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=7OwDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7343,2877622 |title=State Parks Commission O.K.s land purchase |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Wash. |date=June 9, 1970 |accessdate=January 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=chronicle&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&amp;dat=19650921&amp;id=cQg0AAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=oPcDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5240,4985070<br /> |title=State seeks park land |newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=Spokane, Wash. |date=September 21, 1965 |accessdate=January 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=chronicle2&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&amp;dat=19660222&amp;id=v29YAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=2_cDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2213,5541667&amp;hl=en |title=Cascade park favored |newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=Spokane, Wash. |date=February 22, 1966 |accessdate=January 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/472/Battle-Ground-Lake Battle Ground Lake State Park] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission <br /> *[http://parks.state.wa.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1839 Battle Ground Lake State Park Map] Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Crater lakes]]<br /> [[Category:Maars of the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Volcanoes of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Cascade Volcanoes]]<br /> [[Category:Subduction volcanoes]]<br /> [[Category:Lakes of Clark County, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Lakes of Washington (state)]]<br /> [[Category:Protected areas established in 1966]]<br /> [[Category:Pleistocene volcanoes]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Cape_Beach_State_Park&diff=182989078 2018-11-05T21:35:30Z

<p>Frietjes: replace deprecated &quot;geobox2 map&quot; with location map-based map</p> <hr /> <div>{{Geobox|Protected Area<br /> &lt;!-- *** Name section *** --&gt;<br /> | name = South Cape Beach State Park<br /> | native_name = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | other_name1 = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Category *** --&gt;<br /> | category = [[List of Massachusetts state parks|Massachusetts State Park]]<br /> | category_iucn = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Image *** --&gt;<br /> | image = South Cape Beach State Park, Mashpee MA.jpg<br /> | image_caption = South Cape Beach State Park<br /> &lt;!-- *** Etymology *** ---&gt;<br /> | etymology_type = <br /> | etymology = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Country etc. *** --&gt;<br /> | country = United States<br /> | state = Massachusetts<br /> | region_type = County<br /> | region = [[Barnstable County, Massachusetts|Barnstable]]<br /> | district_type = Town <br /> | district = [[Mashpee, Massachusetts|Mashpee]]<br /> | city = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Geography *** --&gt; <br /> | location = Great Oak Road<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|41|33|30.37|N|70|30|8.64|W|display=inline,title}}<br /> | capital_coordinates = <br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | location_note = <br /> | elevation_imperial = <br /> | elevation_round = <br /> | elevation_note = <br /> | area_unit = acre<br /> | area_imperial = 460<br /> | area_round = 0<br /> | area_note = &lt;ref name=2012acreagelist/&gt;<br /> | area1_imperial = <br /> | area1_type = <br /> | length_imperial = <br /> | length_orientation = <br /> | width_imperial = <br /> | width_orientation = <br /> | highest = <br /> | highest location =<br /> | highest_elevation_imperial = <br /> | lowest = <br /> | lowest_location =<br /> | lowest_elevation_imperial =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Nature *** --&gt;<br /> | biome =<br /> | biome_share = <br /> | biome1 =<br /> | biome1_share = <br /> | geology = <br /> | geology1 = <br /> | plant = <br /> | plant1 = <br /> | animal = <br /> | animal1 =<br /> &lt;!-- *** People *** --&gt;<br /> | established_type = Established<br /> | established = Unspecified<br /> | management_body = [[Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation]]<br /> | management_location =<br /> | management_elevation =<br /> | visitation = <br /> | visitation_year =<br /> &lt;!-- *** Free fields *** --&gt;<br /> | free_type = Nearest city<br /> | free = <br /> &lt;!-- *** Map section *** --&gt;<br /> | pushpin_map = USA Massachusetts<br /> | pushpin_map_relief = 1<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Massachusetts<br /> &lt;!-- *** Website *** --&gt;<br /> | website = [http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dcr/massparks/region-south/south-cape-beach-state-park.html South Cape Beach State Park]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''South Cape Beach State Park''' is a [[Massachusetts]] [[state park]] located in the [[New England town|town]] of [[Mashpee, Massachusetts|Mashpee]]. It is part of the [[Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve]]. The park is situated between [[Waquoit Bay]] and [[Vineyard Sound]] and features [[barrier beach]] and [[dunes]], [[salt marsh]], [[Bear Oak|scrub oak]] and [[pitch pine]] woodland and [[kettle (landform)|kettle ponds]] and is managed by the [[Department of Conservation and Recreation (Massachusetts)|Department of Conservation and Recreation]].&lt;ref name=dcr/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Activities and amenities==<br /> *Swimming: The park has a {{convert|1|mi|adj=on}} white sand beach that is handicap-accessible with handicap-accessible restrooms. <br /> *Trails: Facilities for hiking and walking include over-the-dune boardwalks and scenic viewing areas. <br /> *In addition to motorized and non-motorized boating, the park also offers fishing, interpretive programs during the summer months, and restricted hunting.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|refs=<br /> &lt;ref name=2012acreagelist&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dcr/ld/acreage.pdf |title=2012 Acreage Listing |publisher=Department of Conservation and Recreation |date=April 2012 |accessdate=January 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=dcr&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dcr/massparks/region-south/south-cape-beach-state-park.html |title=South Cape Beach State Park |work=MassParks |publisher=Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs |accessdate=July 15, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dcr/massparks/region-south/south-cape-beach-state-park.html South Cape Beach State Park] Department of Conservation and Recreation<br /> <br /> {{Protected Areas of Massachusetts}}<br /> {{Massachusetts}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State parks of Massachusetts]]<br /> [[Category:Massachusetts natural resources]]<br /> [[Category:Parks in Barnstable County, Massachusetts]]<br /> [[Category:Mashpee, Massachusetts]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:Reinhard_Kraasch/Public_holidays_in_Australia&diff=196643129 2018-09-29T13:15:37Z

<p>Frietjes: Undid revision 861533691 by 161.43.125.130 (talk)</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Australian English|date=July 2016}}<br /> '''Public holidays in Australia''' are declared on a [[States and territories of Australia|state and territory]] basis.<br /> <br /> ==Nature of public holidays==<br /> Traditionally, Australians in employment (whether in the [[public sector|public]] or [[private sector]]) have had the right to take a public holiday off work with regular pay. In recent years this tradition has changed somewhat. For example, [[business]]es that normally open on a public holiday may request employees to work on that day. Employers can deny employees a holiday only on reasonable [[business culture|business]] grounds.<br /> <br /> From 2006, [[WorkChoices]] entirely eliminated the entitlement to penalty rates in many workplaces; however since the implementation of the [[Fair Work Act 2009]] and the modern awards in 2010, most public-holiday penalty rates have increased dramatically.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} {{As of | 2018}} employees generally receive pay at a penalty rate—usually 2.5 times (known as &quot;double time and a half&quot;) the base rate of pay—when they work on a public holiday.<br /> <br /> Besides designating days as public holidays, Australian authorities also designate some of these days as restricted trading days.<br /> <br /> Public holidays are determined by a combination of:<br /> * statutes, with specific gazetting of public holidays <br /> * industrial awards and agreements<br /> <br /> If a standard public holiday falls on a weekend, a substitute public holiday will sometimes be observed on the first non-weekend day (usually Monday) after the weekend, whether by virtue of the public holiday legislation or by ''ad hoc'' proclamation. Workers required to work on a public holiday or substituted public holiday will usually be entitled to remuneration at a holiday penalty rate.<br /> <br /> All states have their own public holidays in addition to national public holidays, and in some states public holidays, such as [[Melbourne Cup Day]], are provided{{by whom|date=March 2018}} on a local basis.<br /> <br /> Alcohol licences in several states prevent sale of alcohol on certain public holidays, such as [[Good Friday]].<br /> <br /> ==Public holidays==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! width=10%|Date<br /> ! width=10%|[[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[New South Wales|NSW]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[Northern Territory|NT]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[Queensland|QLD]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[South Australia|SA]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[Tasmania|TAS]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[Victoria (Australia)|VIC]]<br /> ! width=10%|[[Western Australia|WA]]<br /> |-<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 1 January || colspan=&quot;8&quot; {{Yes|New Year's Day}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 January || colspan=&quot;8&quot; {{Yes|[[Australia Day]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2nd Monday in February || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-No|'''H''' [[Royal Hobart Regatta]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://publicholidays.com.au/royal-hobart-regatta/|title=Royal Hobart Regatta 2017 and 2018|accessdate=23 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday in March || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}&lt;ref name=&quot;pubholqld&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/travel/holidays/public/ |title = Queensland public holiday dates for 2015–2017 | publisher= Queensland Government | date= | accessdate = 30 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Labour Day}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2nd Monday in March || {{Yes|[[Canberra Day]]}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|March Public Holiday ([[Adelaide Cup]])*}} || {{Yes|[[Eight Hours Day]]}} || {{Yes|Labour Day}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | variable date || colspan=&quot;8&quot; {{Yes|[[Good Friday]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{Yes|[[Holy Saturday|Easter Saturday]]&lt;ref name=actsat&gt;[http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/holidays Daylight Saving and Public Holidays in the ACT] - ACT Government: Chief Minister, Treasury and Economic Development Directorate. Retrieved 5 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=nswsat&gt;[https://www.nsw.gov.au/about-new-south-wales/public-holidays/ NSW Public Holidays] - New South Wales Government. Retrieved 5 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ntsat&gt;[https://nt.gov.au/employ/for-employees-in-nt/nt-public-holidays NT public holidays] - Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 5 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;}} || colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Yes|[[Holy Saturday|The day after Good Friday]]&lt;ref name=qldsat&gt;[https://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/travel/holidays/public Public, school and show holidays] - Queensland Government. Retrieved 5 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sasat&gt;[https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/show_page.jsp?id=2483 Public holidays] - SafeWork South Australia. Retrieved 5 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;}} || {{No}} &lt;ref name=&quot;tas-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/tocview/index.w3p;cond=;doc_id=96%2B%2B2000%2BAT%40EN%2B20080816000000;histon=;prompt=;rec=-1;term=|title=Statutory Holidays Act 2000|publisher=Tasmania}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{Yes|[[Holy Saturday|Saturday before Easter Sunday]]}}&lt;ref name=vicsat&gt;[http://www.business.vic.gov.au/victorian-public-holidays-and-daylight-saving/victorian-public-holidays Victorian public holidays 2018, 2019] - Business Victoria. Retrieved 5 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; || {{No}} &lt;ref name=&quot;wa-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_act/pabha1972203/index.html|title=Public And Bank Holidays Act 1972|publisher=Western Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Yes|[[Easter Sunday]]}}&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/holidays&lt;/ref&gt; || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Easter Sunday]]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;vicgazetteS229&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gazette.vic.gov.au/gazette/Gazettes2015/GG2015S229.pdf|title=Victorian Government Gazette – Special S229|date=19 August 2015|publisher=Victorian Government Printer|accessdate=20 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;8&quot; {{Yes|[[Easter Monday]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-No|'''C''' [[Easter Tuesday]]}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 April || colspan=&quot;8&quot; {{Yes|[[ANZAC Day]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday in May || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|May Day}} || {{Yes|Labour Day}}&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt; || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday after or on 27 May || {{Yes|[[Reconciliation Day]]}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday in June || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Western Australia Day]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2nd Monday in June || colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{Yes|[[Queen's Birthday]]}} || {{No}}&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt; || colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{Yes|[[Queen's Birthday]]}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday in August || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Picnic Day (Australian holiday)|Picnic Day]]}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | variable date || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Royal Queensland Show]]}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | As proclaimed by the [[Governor of Western Australia]] (September/October) || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Queen's Birthday]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | Day before the last Saturday in September or first Saturday in October || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Friday before the [[Australian Football League]] Grand Final}}&lt;ref name=&quot;vicgazetteS229&quot; /&gt; || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday in October || colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Yes|Labour Day}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Queen's Birthday]]}}&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt; || {{Yes|Labour Day}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Monday in November || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-No|'''NH''' [[Recreation Day holiday|Recreation Day]]}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1st Tuesday of November || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|[[Melbourne Cup]]}}† || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 24 December || {{No}} || {{No}}** || {{Yes-No|'''P''' Christmas Eve}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-No|'''P''' Christmas Eve}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 December || colspan=&quot;8&quot; {{Yes|Christmas Day}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 December || colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{Yes|Boxing Day}} || {{Yes|[[Proclamation Day]]}} || colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{Yes|Boxing Day}}<br /> |-<br /> | 31 December || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-No|'''P''' New Year's Eve}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-No|'''P''' New Year's Eve}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}}<br /> |-<br /> ! Total holidays !! 13 !! 11 !! 11 + 2 part days !! 11 !! 11 + 2 part days !! 12 !! 13 !! 10<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ; Legend&lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> : '''C''' = Conditional: Public Service employees or where defined in Employment Agreement/Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://workplacestandards.tas.gov.au/resources/public_holidays|title=Workplace Standards|publisher=Tasmanian Government|accessdate=18 April 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410150552/http://workplacestandards.tas.gov.au/resources/public_holidays|archivedate=10 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> : '''H''' = Hobart area only<br /> : '''NH''' = Not Hobart area<br /> : '''P''' Part day, from 7&amp;nbsp;pm to midnight&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fairwork.gov.au/leave/public-holidays/pages/listof2012publicholidays.aspx&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> : '''†''' Outside of Melbourne, another day may be substituted instead.<br /> : '''*''' The holiday is legislated for the 3rd Monday of May. Since 2006 it has been moved via the issuing of a special Proclamation by the [[Governor of South Australia|Governor]], to the 2nd Monday of March, on a trial basis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Public Holidays|url=http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/show_page.jsp?id=2483|publisher=SafeWork SA|accessdate=5 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> : '''**''' Depends on occupation, generally from 6&amp;nbsp;pm to midnight&lt;ref&gt;http://www.sdansw.org.au/members/members-home/nsw-christmas-public-holiday-guides-2014/{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Substitute holidays for holidays falling on a weekend===<br /> When a public holiday falls on a weekend, the following work day may be considered a public holiday depending on the state/territory and the holiday in question.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! width=15% | Name<br /> ! width=10% | ACT&lt;ref name=&quot;act-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/ha1958106/|title=Holidays Act 1958|publisher=Australian Capital Territory}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | NSW&lt;ref name=&quot;nsw-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/maintop/view/inforce/act+115+2010+cd+0+N|title=Public Holidays Act 2010 No 115|publisher=New South Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | NT&lt;ref name=&quot;nt-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://legislation.nt.gov.au/Legislation/PUBLIC-HOLIDAYS-ACT|title=Public Holidays Act|publisher=Northern Territory Government}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | QLD&lt;ref name=&quot;qld-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1983-018|title=Holidays Act 1983|publisher=Queensland Government}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | SA&lt;ref name=&quot;sa-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/HOLIDAYS%20ACT%201910.aspx|title=Holidays Act 1910|publisher=South Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | TAS&lt;ref name=&quot;tas-law&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | VIC&lt;ref name=&quot;vic-bill&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/LTObject_Store/LTObjSt3.nsf/DDE300B846EED9C7CA257616000A3571/FBC043F4F89CFF79CA257761002A8E5A/$FILE/93-119a024.pdf|title=Public Holidays Act 1993|publisher=Victoria}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! width=10% | WA&lt;ref name=&quot;wa-law&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | New Year's Day || colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Yes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Australia Day]] || colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Yes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Easter Monday]] || colspan=&quot;7&quot; | Not applicable (always on a Monday) || Yes (when another public holiday coincides)<br /> |-<br /> | [[ANZAC Day]] || Yes || No&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Holidays for NSW under the Public Holidays Act 2010|url=http://www.industrialrelations.nsw.gov.au/oirwww/NSW_public_holidays/NSW_Public_Holidays.page|accessdate=19 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Yes || No || Yes || No || No&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=No extra public holiday for Anzac Day 2015|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/no-extra-public-holiday-for-anzac-day-2015-20140720-zv1ep.html|publisher=The Age|date=20 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; || Yes<br /> |-<br /> | Christmas || colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Yes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Boxing Day]]/[[Proclamation Day]] || colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Yes || Yes || Yes || Sunday only || Yes<br /> |-<br /> | New Year's Eve || colspan=&quot;4&quot; | Not applicable (not a holiday) || Sunday only || colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Not applicable (not a holiday)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''Note''': Holidays that always fall on a particular day of the week are not listed in this table. Prior to 2008, Victorian law only specified substitute holidays for New Year and Boxing Day, and only if they fell on a Sunday.&lt;ref name=&quot;vic-law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubLawToday.nsf/a12f6f60fbd56800ca256de500201e54/B5E771391706115FCA257322000CECB3/$FILE/93-119a022.pdf|title=Public Holidays Act 2003|publisher=Victoria|access-date=16 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225162512/http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubLawToday.nsf/a12f6f60fbd56800ca256de500201e54/B5E771391706115FCA257322000CECB3/$FILE/93-119a022.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2009|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; From 2008, Victorian law specifies the substitute holidays in the table above.&lt;ref name=&quot;vic-bill&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Since [[Easter Monday]] can occur as late as 26 April (see [[Easter#Date|Date of Easter]]) it is possible for the Easter Monday holiday to coincide with [[Anzac Day]], as occurred in 2011. State Acts do not give a provision to separate the days when this occurs, so no additional public holiday is given by law. However an extra day is usually proclaimed by the minister, so as to have a steady number of public holidays each year.&lt;ref name=&quot;nt-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocpe.nt.gov.au/legislation/holidays|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012182118/http://ocpe.nt.gov.au/legislation/holidays|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2007-10-12|title=Public Holidays 2011|publisher=Northern Territory}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sa-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/show_page.jsp?id=2483#item33650|title=Public Holidays 2011|publisher=South Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tas-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/84517/2011.pdf|title=Public Holidays 2011|publisher=Tasmania|access-date=16 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907132545/http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/84517/2011.pdf|archive-date=7 September 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the year 2038, Anzac Day will coincide with Easter Sunday.<br /> <br /> ===Australia Day===<br /> <br /> Nationally, [[Australia Day]] was originally celebrated on 30 July 1915 &lt;ref&gt;http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2015/07/27/4281586.htm&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Recorded celebrations of the 26 January date back to 1808 in Australia, and in 1818, Governor [[Lachlan Macquarie]] held the first official celebration of Australia Day.&lt;ref name=&quot;nsw-hist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.australiaday.com.au/studentresources/history.aspx#Chronology|title=Australia Day History|accessdate = 29 October 2007|publisher=Australia Day Council of New South Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; 26 January was chosen because it is the day of the establishment of the first British settlement at [[Port Jackson]] by Captain [[Arthur Phillip]] in 1788.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADCHistory&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.australiaday.com.au/studentresources/history.aspx|title=National Australia Day Council – History|accessdate=20 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was made a public holiday in New South Wales in 1836, and Victoria adopted the day as a public holiday in 1931. The 26 January commenced to be recognised by all states and territories as Australia Day in 1946.<br /> <br /> Australia Day has been celebrated as a national public holiday on 26 January since 1994.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jan/25/australia-day-a-guide-to-changing-minds-without-ruining-the-barbecue&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since 1960, the winner of the [[Australian of the Year]] award is announced by the [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] on the eve of Australia Day (25 Jan).<br /> <br /> ===Labour Day===<br /> <br /> Labour Day commemorates the achievements of the [[Australian labour movement]]. The celebration of Labour Day has its origins in the [[eight-hour day]] movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest. On 21 April 1856 Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around [[Melbourne]], Australia, stopped work and marched from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day. Their direct action protest was a success, and they are noted as the first organised workers in the world to achieve an eight-hour day with no loss of pay, which subsequently inspired the celebration of Labour Day and May Day. In Tasmania the public holiday is called Eight Hours Day and in the Northern Territory it is called May Day.<br /> <br /> The Labour Day public holiday varies considerably between the various [[States and territories of Australia|states and territories]]. It is the first Monday in October in the [[Australian Capital Territory]], [[New South Wales]] and [[South Australia]]. In [[Western Australia]], it is the first Monday in March. In both [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[Tasmania]], it is the second Monday in March. In the [[Northern Territory]] and [[Queensland]],&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt; it is the first Monday in May.<br /> <br /> ===Easter===<br /> The days of [[Easter]] vary each year depending on the day determined by the [[Western Christian]] calendar. Until 1994 Easter Tuesday was a Bank Holiday in Victoria (it retains this status partially in Tasmania). The day after [[Good Friday]] and before [[Easter Sunday]] is traditionally known as [[Holy Saturday]]. However, the states where that day is a public holiday use different terminology – it is officially gazetted as &quot;Easter Saturday&quot; in the ACT, New South Wales, and the Northern Territory;&lt;ref name=actsat/&gt;&lt;ref name=nswsat/&gt;&lt;ref name=ntsat/&gt; as &quot;the day after Good Friday&quot; in Queensland and South Australia;&lt;ref name=qldsat/&gt;&lt;ref name=sasat/&gt; and as &quot;Saturday before Easter Sunday&quot; in Victoria.&lt;ref name=vicsat/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===ANZAC Day===<br /> <br /> [[ANZAC Day]] is a day on which the country remembers those citizens who fell fighting or who served the country in wars. ANZAC Day is commemorated on 25 April every year. The tradition began to remember the [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]] (ANZAC) soldiers who [[Battle of Gallipoli|landed]] at [[Gallipoli]] in Turkey during [[World War I]].<br /> <br /> ANZAC Day commemoration features marches by veterans and by solemn &quot;Dawn Services&quot;, a tradition started in [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]], Western Australia on 25 April 1923 and now held at [[war memorials]] around the country, accompanied by thoughts of those lost at war to the ceremonial sounds of [[The Last Post]] on the [[Bugle (instrument)|bugle]]. The fourth stanza of [[Laurence Binyon]]'s poem [[s: For the Fallen|For the Fallen]] (known as the &quot;[[Ode of Remembrance]]&quot;) is often recited.<br /> <br /> ===Queen's Birthday===<br /> <br /> In all [[States and territories of Australia|states and territories]] except Queensland&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt; and Western Australia, [[Queen's Birthday]] is observed on the second Monday in June. Because Western Australia celebrates [[Western Australia Day]] (formerly Foundation Day) on the first Monday in June, the [[Governor of Western Australia]] proclaims the day on which the state will observe the Queen's Birthday, based on school terms and the [[Perth Royal Show]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/ Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, Labour Relations division]&lt;/ref&gt; There is no firm rule to determine this date before it is proclaimed, though it is typically the last Monday of September or the first Monday of October: in 2011 the Queen's Birthday holiday in Western Australia was moved from Monday, 3 October 2011 to Friday, 28 October 2011 to coincide with the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), which was held in Perth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/LabourRelations/Content/Employers/Pay_rates_leave_and_conditions/Public_holidays_in_Western_Aus.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302031743/http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/LabourRelations/Content/Employers/Pay_rates_leave_and_conditions/Public_holidays_in_Western_Aus.html |archive-date=2 March 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; In Queensland, it is celebrated on the 1st Monday in October.&lt;ref name=&quot;pubholqld&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The day has been celebrated since 1788, when [[Governors of New South Wales|Governor]] [[Arthur Phillip]] declared a holiday to mark the birthday of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]]. Until 1936 it was held on the actual birthday of the Monarch, but after the death of [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]], it was decided to keep the date at mid-year.<br /> <br /> On that day the &quot;Queen's Birthday honours list&quot; is released naming new members of the [[Order of Australia]] and other [[Australian honours system|Australian honours]]. This occurs on the date observed in the Eastern States, not the date observed in Western Australia.<br /> <br /> The Queen's Birthday weekend and [[Empire Day]], 24 May, were long the traditional times for public [[firework]]s displays in Australia. Although they still occur, the tradition has recently been overshadowed by larger New Year's Eve fireworks, as the sale of fireworks to the public was banned by the states in the 1980s, and in the [[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]] as of 24 August 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cracker down: ACT bans fireworks |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/08/24/2664761.htm |date=24 August 2009 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=24 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Christmas Day===<br /> <br /> Christmas is observed on 25 December each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus. In Australia, it was introduced with British settlement in 1788 as the cultural norms were transferred to the new colonies. Though a Christian religious festival, it does not breach the constitution's separation of Church and State provision, because it is declared under State law, which is not subject to the provision.<br /> <br /> ===Boxing Day===<br /> <br /> [[Boxing Day]] is on the day after Christmas, i.e. 26 December each year, except in South Australia. In South Australia, the first otherwise working day after Christmas is a public holiday called [[Proclamation Day]].<br /> <br /> Boxing Day is noted for the start of the post-Christmas sale season. The day has also become a significant sporting day. Melbourne hosts the [[Boxing Day Test|Boxing Day Test match]]; the [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] also starts on this day.<br /> <br /> ==Other holidays==<br /> *Sunday is nominally a public holiday in [[South Australia]].<br /> *[[Proclamation Day]] is in December in South Australia only.<br /> *[[Canberra Day]] is held on the 2nd Monday in March in the ACT. Prior to 2008, this holiday was celebrated on the 3rd Monday of March.<br /> *[[Melbourne Cup Day]] is held on the first Tuesday of November—the day of the [[Melbourne Cup]]. It was originally observed only in the Melbourne metropolitan area. From 2007 to 2009 in ACT, Melbourne Cup day was also a holiday called &quot;[[Family Day#Australian Capital Territory|Family and Community Day]]&quot;. The holiday continued from 2010 to 2017 but no longer coincided with Melbourne Cup day. In Victoria, the Public Holidays Act 1993 (Vic) was amended from 24 September 2008 and made the Melbourne Cup Day holiday applicable in all parts of the state (unless another day is observed in substitute). It also made the holiday applicable to employees covered by [[industrial award|federal awards]].<br /> *[[Recreation Day holiday|Recreation Day]] is the first Monday of November, and celebrated in Northern [[Tasmania]] where Regatta Day is not a holiday.<br /> * [[Royal Hobart Regatta|Regatta Day]] is the second Monday in February, and is celebrated in Southern [[Tasmania]]. Previously it was held on the second Tuesday in February.<br /> *[[Geelong Cup]] Day is held on the fourth Wednesday of October in the city of [[Geelong]], Victoria<br /> *[[Queensland Day]] is celebrated on 6 June each year, but not with a public holiday.<br /> *[[Adelaide Cup]] Day is held on the second Monday in March in South Australia (held in May before 2006)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/adelaide-cup Holidays: Adelaide Cup in Australia]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Western Australia Day]] in Western Australia on the first Monday in June.<br /> *[[Picnic Day (Australian holiday)|Picnic Day]] in the Northern Territory in August, and also May Day<br /> *Tasmania has [[Easter Tuesday]] as a bank holiday (for bank and government employees only).<br /> *New South Wales has the first Monday in August as a bank holiday (for bank employees only).<br /> *Many cities and towns observe local public holidays for their local [[Agricultural Show]]. For example:<br /> **[[Darwin Show]] Day in [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] area in late July<br /> **[[Ekka|Royal Queensland Show Day]] in Brisbane area in August&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt;<br /> **[[Gold Coast Show]] in Gold Coast area in October<br /> <br /> ==Public holidays by state==<br /> <br /> ===Queensland===<br /> The days are set in the &quot;Holidays Act 1983&quot;.{{citation | title=Holidays Act 1983 | url = https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1983-018}} Most public holidays include a second public holiday on a week-day if they happen to fall on Saturday or Sunday. In which case, both days are public holidays.<br /> <br /> For public holidays in 2017–2019: see [http://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/travel/holidays/public/]<br /> <br /> :'''New Year's Day''': 1 January, and if 1 January is a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday.<br /> :'''Australia Day''': 26 January, and if 26 January is a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday.<br /> :'''Good Friday''': on the date it is publicly observed, always a Friday.<br /> :'''The day after Good Friday''': Always a Saturday, one day after Good Friday.<br /> :'''Easter Monday''': The next Monday after Good Friday.<br /> :'''ANZAC Day''': 25 April, and if 25 April is a Sunday, 26 April.<br /> :'''Labour Day (&quot;May Day&quot;)''': 1st Monday in May.&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt;<br /> :'''Birthday of the Sovereign''': 1st Monday in October.&lt;ref name= &quot;pubholqld&quot;/&gt;<br /> :'''Christmas Day''': 25 December.<br /> :'''Boxing Day''': 26 December.<br /> <br /> :If Christmas day (25 December) is a Saturday or Sunday, then '''27 December''' is also a public holiday.<br /> :If Boxing day (26 December) is a Saturday or Sunday, then '''28 December''' is also a public holiday.<br /> <br /> Because of the variable days of Easter, Anzac day could fall on an Easter holiday. When ANZAC falls on Saturday, there is no week day public holiday. In such situations it is generally expected that the minister will proclaim extra public holidays on week-days to ensure every year has the same number of public holidays on week-days.<br /> <br /> The minister of the state may proclaim and adjustments or additions, such as the date of the [[Ekka|Brisbane Ekka Show]] day holiday. This day has historically always been proclaimed for the second Wednesday in August, except if there are 5 Wednesday's in August, in which case the third Wednesday in August. See [http://www.qld.gov.au/recreation/travel/holidays/public/]<br /> <br /> ===New South Wales===<br /> Public holidays generally follow the national pattern, but special cases are resolved by the State Government and advised by proclamation. Details of future holidays can be found on the NSW Industrial Relations website. Public holidays are regulated by the New South Wales ''Public Holidays Act 2010 No 115'', which supersedes the ''Banks and Bank Holidays Act 1912 No 43''.<br /> <br /> The first Monday in August is a Bank Holiday, during which banks and financial institutions are closed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=NSW Retail Trading Act 2008 No 49|url=http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/maintop/view/inforce/act+49+2008+cd+0+N|at=Part 3A}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Victoria===<br /> Public holidays in Victoria are regulated by the Victorian ''Public Holidays Act'' 1993.<br /> <br /> Victorian employees fall under the [[Workchoices]] system either as coming within the Commonwealth constitutional power (called &quot;constitutional corporation employees&quot;) or because of Victoria's referral of its legislative powers to the Commonwealth for particular workplace relations matters.<br /> <br /> Employee entitlements to public holidays and additional pay depend on whether they are covered by a federal award or agreement.<br /> <br /> Employees not covered by a federal award or agreement are entitled to public holidays under the Victorian ''Public Holidays Act'' 1993. Also, all permanent employees not covered by a federal award or agreement who would normally work on a public holiday (or a substitute public holiday) are entitled to the holiday without loss of pay. Their employers are not required to provide additional payment if they work on a public holiday, but this does not exclude the possibility of employees and employers negotiating for additional pay.<br /> <br /> Employees who are covered by a federal award or agreement are entitled to public holidays as provided by the relevant federal award or agreement and the ''Public Holidays Act'' 1993. Many federal awards and agreements also provide for additional penalty rates for work performed on a public holiday.<br /> <br /> Restricted [[Shopping hours|shop trading laws]] apply to Good Friday, Christmas Day and before 1&amp;nbsp;pm on Anzac Day. On these days only exempted businesses are permitted to open for trading.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business.vic.gov.au/BUSVIC/STANDARD//PC_62300.html Business Victoria – Can I open my shop on a public holiday?]&lt;/ref&gt; All public holidays and substitute public holidays are [[bank holidays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/pha1993163/s9.html Public Holidays Act 1993 – (sec 9 Bank Holidays)]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2015, the day before the [[AFL Grand Final]], as well as Easter Sunday, were gazetted as Public Holidays within Victoria. This date of the holiday is as gazetted by the Victorian Government and cannot be accurately predicted.<br /> <br /> The Victorian public holidays are as follows:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business.vic.gov.au/BUSVIC/STANDARD//PC_50544.html Business Victoria – Victorian Public Holidays &amp; Shop Trading Hours – 2009]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name !! Date<br /> |-<br /> | New Year || 1 January<br /> |-<br /> | [[Australia Day]] || 26 January<br /> |-<br /> | Labour Day || 2nd Monday in March<br /> |-<br /> | [[Good Friday]] || Friday before Easter<br /> |-<br /> | [[Holy Saturday]] || Day before Easter<br /> |-<br /> | [[Easter Sunday]] || Day of Easter<br /> |-<br /> | Easter Monday || Day after Easter<br /> |-<br /> | [[Anzac Day]] || 25 April<br /> |-<br /> | [[Queen's Birthday]] || 2nd Monday in June<br /> |-<br /> | Day before [[Australian Football League]] Grand Final|| Variable date in late September/early October<br /> |-<br /> | [[Melbourne Cup Day]] || 1st Tuesday of November*<br /> |-<br /> | Christmas || 25 December<br /> |-<br /> | [[Boxing Day]] || 26 December<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Melbourne Cup Day is observed in most of the state, but various [[horse racing#Australia|cup days]] and [[Agricultural show|show days]] in the state's west are locally substituted. See the list at [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807092429/http://www.vic.gov.au/about-victoria-tourism/holidays-daylight-saving/public-holidays/victorian-non-metropolitan-public-holiday-dates.html].<br /> <br /> Melbourne Show Day used to be observed on the Thursday in the last full week of September as a half-day public holiday—later changing to full day—until 1994 (abolished by the state government).&lt;ref name=&quot;ShowDay&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rasv.com.au/Heritage/RASV_Heritage_About/HistoryOfRASV/RASV_History_Detail/|title=Detailed History|date=15 September 2014|accessdate=15 September 2014|publisher=Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604130354/http://www.rasv.com.au/Heritage/RASV_Heritage_About/HistoryOfRASV/RASV_History_Detail/|archive-date=4 June 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Easter Tuesday was observed as a Bank Holiday in Victoria until 1994 (also abolished by the state government).<br /> <br /> ==Penalty rates==<br /> {{main|Overtime}}<br /> '''Penalty rates''' are the rates of pay which an employee is paid higher than their standard base rate for working at times or on days, such as public holidays, which are outside the normal working week.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay/penalty-rates-and-allowances|title=Fair Work Ombudsman website|last=|first=|date=|website=Fair Work Ombudsman|language=en|access-date=2017-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; They were introduced in 1947 for workers working on the [[Sabbath]],&lt;ref name=&quot;spectator.com.au&quot;&gt;https://spectator.com.au/2017/02/penalty-rate-win/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;smh.com.au&quot;&gt;http://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/penalty-rates-are-absurd-20151005-gk1s9w.html&lt;/ref&gt; as most workers were Christian, while today, these rates of pay are set by the [[Fair Work Ombudsman]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Australian labour law]]<br /> * [[Australian Pay and Classification Scales]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Oceania topic|Public holidays in}}<br /> {{Australia topics}}<br /> {{Australia Holidays}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Public Holidays In Australia}}<br /> [[Category:Lists of public holidays by country|Australia]]<br /> [[Category:Public holidays in Australia|*]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hafeez&diff=183230959 2018-07-24T15:27:20Z

<p>Frietjes: Per TfD outcome</p> <hr /> <div>{{other uses}}<br /> {{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> | name = Mohammad Hafeez<br /> | image = Mohammad hafeez.jpg<br /> | caption = Hafeez in 2010<br /> | country = Pakistan<br /> | nationality = {{PAK}}<br /> | fullname = Mohammad Hafeez<br /> | father's name = <br /> | nickname = Professor of Sargodha&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/636133.html|title='We've got a good bowling attack for English conditions'|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|10|17|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Sargodha]], Pakistan<br /> &lt;!-- Is there a reliable source for his height?<br /> | heightft = 5<br /> | heightinch = 8<br /> --&gt;<br /> | batting = Right hand bat<br /> | bowling = Right arm [[off break]]<br /> | role = Batting [[All-rounder]]<br /> | international = true<br /> | internationalspan = 2003-present<br /> <br /> | testdebutdate = 20 August<br /> | testdebutyear = 2003<br /> | testdebutagainst = Bangladesh<br /> | testcap = 173<br /> | lasttestdate = 3 July <br /> | lasttestyear = 2016<br /> | lasttestagainst = England<br /> <br /> | odidebutdate = 3 April<br /> | odidebutyear = 2003<br /> | odidebutagainst = Zimbabwe<br /> | odicap = 144<br /> | lastodidate = 23 October<br /> | lastodiyear = 2017<br /> | lastodiagainst = Sri Lanka<br /> | odishirt = 8<br /> <br /> | T20Idebutdate = 28 August <br /> | T20Idebutyear = 2006 <br /> | T20Idebutagainst = England <br /> | T20Icap = 5<br /> | lastT20Idate = 2 July<br /> | lastT20Iyear = 2018<br /> | lastT20Iagainst = Australia<br /> <br /> | club1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]<br /> | year1 = 2008<br /> | club2 = [[Faisalabad Wolves]]<br /> | year2 = 2005-2012<br /> | club3 = [[Lahore Lions]]<br /> | year3 = 2012-2015<br /> | club4 = [[Peshawar Zalmi]]<br /> |year4 = 2016-present<br /> |club5 = [[St Kitts and Nevis Patriots]]<br /> |year5 = 2017-present <br /> |club6 = [[Durban Qalandars]]<br /> |year6 = 2017–present<br /> | columns = 5<br /> | column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]<br /> | matches1 = 50<br /> | runs1 = 3,452<br /> | bat avg1 = 39.22<br /> | strike rate1 = 56.33<br /> | 100s/50s1 = 9/12<br /> | top score1 = 224<br /> | deliveries1 = 3,953<br /> | wickets1 = 52<br /> | bowl avg1 = 33.90<br /> | economy1 = 2.67<br /> | fivefor1 = 0<br /> | tenfor1 = 0<br /> | best bowling1 = 4/16<br /> | catches/stumpings1 = 38/-<br /> | column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]<br /> | matches2 = 197<br /> | runs2 = 6,020 <br /> | bat avg2 = 32.90 <br /> | 100s/50s2 = 11/34<br /> | top score2 = 140[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries2 = 7,313<br /> | wickets2 = 136<br /> | bowl avg2 = 36.91<br /> | fivefor2 = 0<br /> | tenfor2 = 0<br /> | best bowling2 = 4/41<br /> | catches/stumpings2 = 70/– <br /> | column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]<br /> | matches3 = 78<br /> | runs3 = 1,619<br /> | bat avg3 = 22.48<br /> | 100s/50s3 = 0/9<br /> | top score3 = 86<br /> | deliveries3 = 1,010<br /> | wickets3 = 46<br /> | bowl avg3 = 24.52 <br /> | fivefor3 = 0<br /> | tenfor3 = 0<br /> | best bowling3 = 4/10<br /> | catches/stumpings3 = 22/-<br /> | column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]<br /> | matches4 = 293<br /> | runs4 = 9,998<br /> | bat avg4 = 35.98<br /> | 100s/50s4 = 17/63<br /> | top score4 = 140[[not out|*]]<br /> | deliveries4 = 12,192<br /> | wickets4 = 244<br /> | bowl avg4 = 34.59<br /> | fivefor4 = n/a<br /> | tenfor4 = n/a<br /> | best bowling4 = 4/23<br /> | catches/stumpings4 = 119/– <br /> | column5 = [[first-class cricket|FC]]<br /> | matches5 = 197<br /> | runs5 = 11,523<br /> | bat avg5 = 34.91<br /> | 100s/50s5 = 24/55<br /> | top score5 = 224<br /> | deliveries5 = 14,248<br /> | wickets5 = 233<br /> | bowl avg5 = 27.60<br /> | fivefor5 = 6<br /> | tenfor5 = 2<br /> | best bowling5 = 8/57<br /> | catches/stumpings5 = 176/–<br /> | date = 9 January<br /> | year = 2018<br /> | source = http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/41434.html ESPNcricinfo<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mohammad Hafeez''' ({{lang-ur|{{nastaliq|محمد حفیظ}}}}; born 17 October 1980 in [[Sargodha]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]) is a [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistani cricket player]], widely regarded as one of best all-rounder in the world. He plays all forms of the game and a former T20I captain of [[Pakistan cricket team]]. Hafeez usually opens the batting and forms part of the bowling attack. In 2012–2013, he was ranked as the top all-rounder by the [[ICC Player Rankings]] in T20 format. He is known for his intelligent batting but also for aggressive shot plays when needed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/41434.html |title=Player Profile: Mohammad Hafeez |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |accessdate=2010-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was involved in record opening partnership of 224 runs with [[Nasir Jamshed]]. As a player, Hafeez gives the team plenty of options: he usually bats aggressively at the top of the order, but his organised technique also means he can switch to defensive mode if required. As a bowler, he bowls fast and flat for a spinner, but often used as an economical bowler to restrict run rates, while getting through his overs quickly.<br /> <br /> He was the fourth international player signed to the [[Caribbean Premier League]] and the first Pakistani player to be named to the new [[Twenty20]] tournament. He is widely regarded as The Professor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cplt20.com/news/pakistan-t20i-captain-mohammad-hafeez-signs-cpl|title=Latest News - cplt20|website=cplt20.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The major teams for which he played are Pakistan, Lahore, Lahore Lions, Guyana Amazon Warriors, Kolkata Knight Riders, Sargodha, Sui Gas Corporation of Pakistan. He was a player trusted over the years. Hafeez scored his test career best of 224 runs against Bangladesh in 2015 at Khulna during the Dan Cake Series.<br /> <br /> ==International career==<br /> ===Early years: 2003–2006===<br /> Hafeez, also known as '''The Professor''', has played in Bhera and was one of several young all-rounders whom the [[Pakistani cricket team]] turned to in order to revitalize their side after their poor display in 2003 World Cup where Pakistan was out from first round. His form with both bat and ball was inconsistent and in late 2003 he was dropped from the Test squad and subsequently from the ODI side. Following strong domestic performances, as well as display of good form for the Pakistan A side, he remained on the fringes of a recall in 2004.<br /> Hafeez returned to the ODI side in 2005 and despite poor form with the bat, his bowling performances were impressive. In the 2006 series held in [[Australia]], Hafeez smashed his first century for Pakistan. With Pakistan struggling to find a solid opening pair for the Test side, he was recalled for the tour of [[England]]. His return to Test cricket was made at [[The Oval]] where he scored a fluent 95. Subsequently, Hafeez retained his place in the Test squad for Pakistan's home series against the [[West Indies]] in November of that year. After getting out early despite good starts in the first two Tests, he went on to score his second Test century in the third Test in [[Karachi]]. However his form remained inconsistent and he was unable to command a regular place in either the Test or ODI side over the next 5 years.<br /> <br /> === Recall in 2010 ===<br /> In 2010 he was recalled for the third [[ICC World Twenty20]] squad. His form was poor scoring only 39 runs and taking only 2 wickets in 6 matches. However he was subsequently selected for the [[T20I]]s and the [[One Day International|ODIs]] on Pakistan's 2010 tour of England. He was the second highest Pakistani run scorer in the ODI series producing some solid opening partnerships with [[Kamran Akmal]]. Following this good form he was included in the squad that was selected to play South Africa in the [[UAE]] and he replaced disgraced skipper [[Salman Butt]] as an opening batsman in both Tests, achieving a batting average 32.50. He played in all 5 ODI matches ending up as the top run scorer and he also topped the bowling averages for the series. At the end of 2010 he was also selected for the party that would tour New Zealand and the [[West Indies]] and this resulted in him establishing himself as a regular in the Test, ODI and T20 teams.<br /> <br /> ===Rising through ranks===<br /> In 2011 he won an amazing 10 Man-of-the-Match awards in all forms of international cricket and became only the third player (after [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] and [[Jacques Kallis]]) to score 1000 runs and take 30 wickets in ODI matches within a calendar year.<br /> <br /> Against India on 18 March 2012 in Bangladesh at Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur at the [[2012 Asia Cup]], he scored 105 off 113 balls and was involved in a 224 run partnership with [[Nasir Jamshed]], which is the best opening partnership for Pakistan against India in one day internationals. They eclipsed [[Aamer Sohail]] and [[Saeed Anwar]]'s record of 144 runs which was made in 1996.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title= Hafeez demolished India in record partnership|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2012/content/current/story/557744.html|accessdate=18 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; During this innings, Hafeez was forced to run a lot which towards the end was hampering him due to a leg injury. Subsequently, he earned the nickname, the Snake of Sargodha, for his zigzag running pattern between the wickets. He made his 4th ODI century in March 2012 against Bangladesh at Dhaka. He also made his highest test score of 196 against Sri Lanka in the second Test at Colombo in June 2012. He is currently (2012) ranked number two in the ICC ODI rankings for both bowlers and all-rounders.<br /> <br /> In December 2012, during the tour of [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 2012–13]], he came across as a very different and aggressive batsman and scored so brilliantly and briskely and helped Pakistan to win the first T20I and 2nd ODI with his heroics of brilliant batting and nearly chasing a mountain high target of 191 in the second T20I. His scores were 61 and 55 in first and second T20I respectively and scored 76 runs in the 2nd ODI and sharing an opening stand of 141 with [[Nasir Jamshed]] and also bowled brilliantly as always economically to help Pakistan win their first ODI series in India since 7 years. He is now considered to be the main allrounder of Pakistan Cricket team. He had a great series against Sri Lanka in Dec 2013, where he scored 122 in the first match, 140* in the third and 113* in the fourth match. Thus he became, the second batsman after [[Zaheer Abbas]] to score 3 centuries in an ODI series. Hafeez was initially selected in the Pakistan squad for the 2015 World Cup but was ruled out 6 days before the World Cup due to a calf injury. He was replaced by Nasir Jamshed.<br /> <br /> ==T20 captaincy record==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;7&quot;|'''Hafeez's record as T20I captain'''<br /> |-<br /> |Format||Matches||Won||Lost||Drawn||No result||<br /> Win (%)<br /> |-<br /> |T20I&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pakistan's Captains Record in International T20 matches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/Pakistan/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=3;id=7;type=team|publisher=([[ESPNcricinfo]])|accessdate=31 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;|||29||17||11||–||–<br /> ||60.34<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Captaincy===<br /> He was appointed captain of the Pakistan T20 team in May 2012 and vice captain, under [[Misbah-ul-Haq]], of the ODI and Test teams. During the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20]] in [[Sri Lanka]] in September 2012, Pakistan reached the semi-finals where they lost to the home side. After the tournament, there was some controversy with veteran all-rounder [[Abdul Razzaq (cricketer)|Abdul Razzaq]] who was critical of his non-selection for a number of matches. Hafeez also came into some conflict with the [[Pakistan Cricket Board|PCB]] over their view that he adopted a rather unilateral and non-consultative approach while making selection decisions. However, he was supported by the coach [[Dav Whatmore]] and both of them emphasised the poor fitness levels of many players. The PCB committee decided that they would subsequently closely monitor Hafeez's performance in this context during the coming tours to India and South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/icc-world-twenty20/news/item/198178-pcb-not-happy-with-mohammad-hafeezs-unilateral-approach|title=PCB not happy with Mohammad Hafeez's unilateral approach – NDTV Sports|first=|last=NDTVSports.com|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> As a captain, he led Pakistan to victories over South Africa, west indies, thet20 champions and Zimbabwe .He equalled the records of most wins as a Pakistani captain in t20 and most number of away series wins as a Pakistani captain<br /> Under his leadership, Pakistan managed to move up to the second position in the rankings.<br /> He also became the first Pakistani captain to hit three fifties in a row and became Pakistan's leading run scorer in t20s. after Pakistan's exit from the T20 World Championship Hafeez apologized on behalf of his team and stepped down as captain. [[Imran Khan]], Pakistan's former captain criticised this decision and advised Hafeez to stay as captain. His resignation was a rare incident in Pakistan cricket.<br /> <br /> === Post-captaincy (2016 - present) ===<br /> In March 2016, Pakistan's exit from the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 after losing 3 matches caused great controversy in Pakistan, with blame shifting between Waqar Younis as well as many of the players on the team. Hafeez was accused, by Younis, of lying about his knee injury before the T20. He said it could have affected the teams poor performance. Despite bad performance during the T20I world cup 2016 Hafeez was picked for the England tour of 2016 Hafeez was out on 0 several times throughout the test series and during the ODI series in the first match he was out on 11 which then he was dropped for rest of the tour because of bad performance and not fit enough to play. After missing out of international cricket for months in which he missed the [[West Indian cricket team against Pakistan in the UAE in 2016-17|West Indies series in the UAE]], Hafeez was then picked for the [[Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2016-17|Australia tour 2017]] to play the ODI series. As of the first ODI match Hafeez was out on 4. For the second ODI Azhar Ali was ruled out because of injury which promoted Hafeez to captain Pakistan, Hafeez did a very good job as Pakistan won the match and first time in 12 years in Australian soil. Not only that Hafeez captaincy was appreciated but he also made 72 runs which earned him player of the match.<br /> <br /> On 3 June 2018, he was selected to play for the Montreal Tigers in the players' draft for the [[2018 Global T20 Canada|inaugural edition]] of the [[Global T20 Canada]] tournament.&lt;ref name=&quot;Squads1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/global-t20-canada-complete-squads |title=Global T20 Canada: Complete Squads |work=SportsKeeda |accessdate=4 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Squads2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/global-t20-canada-league-full-squads-announced/ |title=Global T20 Canada League – Full Squads announced |work=CricTracker |accessdate=4 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bowling action==<br /> Hafeez had been reported for a suspect action after the [[Abu Dhabi]] Test against [[New Zealand]] in November 2014, and in December his action was found to be illegal following tests at an [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] accredited centre in [[Loughborough]], [[England]]. He was found to have an elbow extension up to 31 degrees, far above the permitted limit of 15 degrees. He underwent remedial work at a biomechanics lab in [[Chennai]], but failed an unofficial test on his action on January 3. Later that month the [[Pakistan Cricket Board|PCB]] requested the ICC to retest Hafeez's action in February in [[Brisbane]], so that he could bowl at the World Cup if cleared, but he was ruled out of the tournament with a calf injury. Hafeez was finally cleared to bowl again in international cricket on April 21, after more tests on his action in [[Chennai]]. Mohammad Hafeez has once again been reported for a suspect action, following the conclusion of the Galle Test on 21 June 2015.,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-pakistan-2015/content/story/890021.html|title=Hafeez reported for suspect action again|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; and he was dropped from third test. However, he was again selected for the ODI series against Sri Lanka. He proved the value of his comeback by taking 4 for 41 runs and scored a magnificent century earned him the man of the match award.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-pakistan-2015/content/story/897181.html|title=Hafeez finds form to subdue Sri Lanka|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Hafeez has been banned from bowling in international cricket for 12 months following an independent assessment of his action, which took place at the Sri Ramachandra University in Chennai on 6 July. The 34-year-old was assessed after the legality of his bowling action came under question by the match officials during Pakistan’s first [[Test (cricket)|Test]] victory over Sri Lanka in [[Galle]] (17–21 June).<br /> <br /> Following the match, Hafeez was reported by the match officials pursuant to the ICC Regulations for the Review of Bowlers Reported with Suspected Illegal Bowling Actions (the &quot;Regulations&quot;) and subsequently underwent the independent assessment in Chennai in accordance with the regulations. The assessment revealed that Hafeez’s elbow extension exceeded 15 degrees while bowling and, thus, he employed an illegal bowling action.<br /> <br /> Hafeez was originally suspended from bowling in November 2014. Following remedial work on his bowling action, he was reassessed and permitted to resume bowling in April 2015. As this report has constituted the player’s second report within a two-year period, the first of which led to a suspension, he is now automatically suspended from bowling in international cricket for a 12-month period. Hafeez is entitled to appeal any procedural aspect of an independent assessment that has led to this automatic suspension. However, only after the expiry of this one-year period will he be entitled to approach the ICC for a re-assessment of his bowling action.<br /> <br /> ==Achievements==<br /> {{see also|Player of the Match awards (cricket)}}<br /> <br /> # First player to score 1,000 T20I runs and take 40 wickets.<br /> # Most fifties by a Pakistani batsman in T20Is.<br /> # Along with Taufeeq Umar, he opened the innings in the most consecutive Test matches than any other pair in Pakistan cricket history.<br /> # PCB &quot;Player-of-the-Year&quot; award in 2012.<br /> # Nominated by the ICC for the &quot;Spirit-of-Cricket&quot; award for not claiming a false catch in a Test match vs England in UAE in 2012.<br /> # 10 'Man of the Match' awards in 2011.<br /> # 2nd Pakistani player to score an ODI hundred and take a 4-wicket haul in the same match.<br /> # Only player in the world to bowl 1,200 overs without a single [[No-Ball]]<br /> # 10th batsman for Pakistan to score 6,000 runs in ODIs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hafeez6000&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.brecorder.com/2018/01/09/391496/hafeez-reaches-another-milestone-during-clash-with-kiwis/ |title=Hafeez reaches another milestone during clash with Kiwis |publisher=Business Recorder |accessdate= 9 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==International centuries==<br /> {{Main|List of international cricket centuries by Mohammad Hafeez}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{succession box|<br /> before= [[Misbah-ul-Haq]]|<br /> title= [[Pakistani national cricket captains|Pakistani national cricket captain]] (T20I)|<br /> years= 2012–2014|<br /> after= [[Shahid Afridi]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.wisdenindia.com/player/Pakistan/Mohammad-Hafeez/2958.html Mohammad Hafeez]'s profile page on Wisden<br /> * [https://twitter.com/MHafeez22 Mohammad Hafeez on Twitter] <br /> * [https://www.facebook.com/MohammadHafeez08 Mohammad Hafeez on Facebook]<br /> <br /> {{Pakistan Test Cricket Captains}}<br /> {{Pakistan ODI Cricket Captains}}<br /> {{Pakistan T20I Cricket Captains}}<br /> {{Navboxes colour<br /> |title= Pakistan squads <br /> |bg= #03530f<br /> |fg= white<br /> |bordercolor=#9ACD32<br /> |list1=<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2007 Cricket World Cup}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2007 ICC World Twenty20}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2010 ICC World Twenty20}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2011 Cricket World Cup}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2012 Asia Cup}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2012 ICC World Twenty20}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2013 ICC Champions Trophy}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2014 ICC World Twenty20}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2016 ICC World Twenty20}}<br /> {{Pakistan Squad 2017 ICC Champions Trophy}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Peshawar Zalmi squad}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammad Hafeez}}<br /> [[Category:1980 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan Test cricket captains]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan One Day International cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup]]<br /> [[Category:Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan Test cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistan Twenty20 International cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Federal Areas cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Sargodha cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Sargodha District]]<br /> [[Category:Punjabi people]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Faisalabad cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Faisalabad Wolves cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Baluchistan Bears cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Khulna Royal Bengals cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Wayamba United cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Punjab (Pakistan) cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Melbourne Stars cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Guyana Amazon Warriors cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Peshawar Zalmi cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:Dhaka Dynamites cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Die_Sims_4:_Jahreszeiten&diff=185105246 2018-06-24T14:29:58Z

<p>Frietjes: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox video game<br /> |title = The Sims 4: Seasons<br /> |image = <br /> |developer = [[Maxis|EA Maxis]]&lt;br&gt;[[The Sims Studio]]<br /> |publisher = [[Electronic Arts]]<br /> |composer = [[Ilan Eshkeri]]<br /> |platforms = [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Mac OS]]<br /> |series = ''[[The Sims]]''<br /> |released = '''Microsoft Windows'''{{Video game release|WW|June 22, 2018}}'''macOS'''&lt;br&gt;{{Video game release|WW|June 22, 2018}}<br /> |genre = [[Life simulation game|Life simulation]]<br /> |modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]]<br /> }}<br /> '''''The Sims 4: Seasons''''' is an expansion pack for ''[[The Sims 4]]'' released on June 22, 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Davies |first1=Megan|title=The Sims 4 answers your prayers with a Seasons expansion pack|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/news/a857975/the-sims-4-announces-seasons-expansion-pack/|website=[[Digital Spy]]|date=May 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; It introduces seasons and holidays into the game.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Weber |first1=Rachel|title=Sims 4 is getting seasons, and that means Sim Santa, romance, and gardening|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/new-sims-4-expansion-seasons/ |website=GamesRadar|date=May 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; It takes elements from ''[[The Sims 2: Seasons]]'' and ''[[The Sims 3: Seasons]]''.<br /> <br /> == Gameplay ==<br /> *New Career: Gardening&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Pandey|first1=Vibhav|title=Sims 4 Seasons Release Date Confirmed, New Update |url=https://otakukart.com/news/sims-4-seasons-release-date-confirmed-new-update/ |website=Otakukart|date=June 15, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *New Game Options and Interactions: Seasons, Weather, Holidays, Calendar&lt;ref name=HG&gt;{{cite web|last1=Rutledge|first1=Spencer|title=Things are Getting Seasonal with the Newest Expansion from Sims 4|url=https://www.hardcoregamer.com/2018/05/24/things-are-getting-seasonal-with-the-newest-expansion-from-sims-4/300270/ |website=Hardcore Gamer|date=May 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Calendar&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Avendano|first1=Yamilia|title=Sims 4 Seasons: How to Edit the Calendar|url=https://twinfinite.net/2018/06/sims-4-seasons-calendar-how/|website=Twinfinite|date=June 19, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *New Interactive Objects: Thermostat, Kiddie Pool&lt;ref name=Newsweek&gt;{{cite web|last1=Noel Kelly|first1=Autumn|title=What We Know About 'Sims 4: Seasons' So Far|url=http://www.newsweek.com/sims-4-seasons-expansion-pack-gameplay-features-release-date-954672|website=Newsweek|date=June 1, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *New Death: Thermostat&lt;ref name=Newsweek/&gt;&lt;ref name=HG/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Calendar ===<br /> ''The Sims 4: Seasons'' introduces a new calendar icon, which shows players planned and upcoming events for their sims. The calendar icon can also be used to plan new events in advance.&lt;ref name=Calendar/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{The Sims}}<br /> {{Sim series}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sims 4: Seasons, The}}<br /> [[Category:2018 video games]]<br /> [[Category:Electronic Arts games]]<br /> [[Category:Life simulation games]]<br /> [[Category:The Sims 4 expansion packs|Seasons]]<br /> [[Category:Video games featuring protagonists of selectable gender]]<br /> [[Category:MacOS games]]<br /> [[Category:Single-player video games]]<br /> [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Windows games]]<br /> [[Category:Social simulation video games]]<br /> [[Category:Python-scripted video games]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NFL_1946&diff=180567872 2018-05-12T15:42:32Z

<p>Frietjes: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}<br /> {{Infobox NFL<br /> | year = 1946<br /> | NFLchampion = [[1946 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]<br /> | Eastchampion = [[1946 New York Giants season|New York Giants]]<br /> | Westchampion = [[1946 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]<br /> | regular_season = September 20 – December 8, 1946<br /> }}<br /> The '''1946 NFL season''' was the 27th [[regular season (NFL)|regular season]] of the [[National Football League]]. Before the season, [[Elmer Layden]] resigned as [[History of the NFL Commissioner|NFL Commissioner]] and [[Bert Bell]], co-founder of the [[1946 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]], replaced him. Meanwhile, the [[All-America Football Conference]] was formed to rival the NFL, and the [[1946 Los Angeles Rams season|Rams]] became the first NFL team based on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] after they relocated from [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], to [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. A regular season game was played on Tuesday, the last until the [[2010 NFL season|2010]] season, on October 1, between New York and Boston.<br /> <br /> The season ended when the [[1946 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] defeated the [[1946 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] in the [[1946 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship Game]].<br /> <br /> ==Major rule changes==<br /> *A forward pass that strikes the goal posts is automatically ruled incomplete. This is sometimes known as the &quot;Baugh/Marshall Rule&quot; after [[1946 Washington Redskins season|Washington Redskins]] [[quarterback]] [[Sammy Baugh]] and team owner [[George Preston Marshall]]. In the [[1945 NFL Championship Game|previous year's championship game]], the Rams scored a safety when Baugh, throwing the ball from his own end zone, hit the goal posts (which were on the goal line for 41 seasons, from [[1933 NFL season|1933]] through [[1973 NFL season|1973]]). The two points were the margin of victory as the Rams won 15–14, and Marshall was so outraged at the outcome that he was a major force in passing this rule change.<br /> *The free substitution rule was repealed and substitutions were limited to no more than three players at a time.<br /> *The receiving team is permitted to return punts and missed field goal attempts from behind their own goal line.<br /> *The penalty for an invalid fair catch signal is 5 yards from the spot of the signal.<br /> *A fair catch signal is valid when it is made while the ball is in flight.<br /> <br /> ==Division races==<br /> In the Eastern Division, the Giants, Eagles, and [[1946 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Steelers]] all had 4 wins and 2 losses in ''Week Seven'' of an 11-week season, while in the Western Division, the Bears 10–7 win over the Packers (Nov. 3) put them a game ahead of the Rams. In ''Week Eight'', the Giants beat the Eagles 45–17, and the Steelers lost to Detroit 17–7, and the Bears beat the Rams 27–21 to widen their lead. ''Week Nine'' the Giants were tied by Boston, 28–28, putting them at 5–2–1, while the Steelers beat the Eagles 10–7 to be a half-game behind at 5–3–1. The teams met in New York in ''Week Ten'', and the Giants' 7–0 win put them in front again.<br /> <br /> The final week of the season had the 6–3–1 Giants hosting the 5–4–1 Redskins, and a Washington win would have given them both 6–4–1 records and forced a playoff. That became a moot point with New York's 31–0 win. A crowd of 60,337 turned out at the Polo Grounds, more than the 58,346 that came there for the championship a week later.<br /> <br /> ==Final standings==<br /> ''W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PCT= Winning Percentage, PF= Points For, PA = Points Against''<br /> <br /> ''Note: The NFL did not officially count tie games in the standings until [[1972 NFL season|1972]]''<br /> <br /> {{col-float|width=48%}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#FFCCCC&quot;<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Eastern Division'''<br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot;<br /> !Team!!W!!L!!T!!PCT!!PF!!PA<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 New York Giants season|New York Giants]]<br /> |7||3||1||.700||236||162<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]]<br /> |6||5||0||.545||231||220<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Washington Redskins season|Washington Redskins]]<br /> |5||5||1||.500||171||191<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]]<br /> |5||5||1||.500||136||117<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Boston Yanks season|Boston Yanks]]<br /> |2||8||1||.200||189||273<br /> |}<br /> {{col-float-break|width=48%}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#D0E7FF&quot;<br /> | colspan=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Western Division'''<br /> |- bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot;<br /> !Team!!W!!L!!T!!PCT!!PF!!PA<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]<br /> |8||2||1||.800||289||193<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]]<br /> |6||4||1||.600||277||257<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]]<br /> |6||5||0||.545||148||158<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Chicago Cardinals season|Chicago Cardinals]]<br /> |6||5||0||.545||260||198<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| [[1946 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]]<br /> |1||10||0||.091||142||310<br /> |}<br /> {{col-float-end}}<br /> <br /> ==NFL Championship Game==<br /> {{main|1946 NFL Championship Game}}<br /> Chicago Bears 24, New York Giants 14, at the [[Polo Grounds]] in [[New York City]] on December 15, 1946<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> {| cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot;<br /> |'''[[NFL Most Valuable Player Award|Joe F. Carr Trophy (Most Valuable Player)]]''' || &amp;nbsp; || [[Bill Dudley]], [[Running back|Halfback]], Pittsburgh<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==League leaders==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Statistic<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Team<br /> ! Yards<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | Passing<br /> | [[Sid Luckman]]<br /> | Chicago Bears<br /> | 1826<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | Rushing<br /> | [[Bill Dudley]]<br /> | Pittsburgh<br /> | 604<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | Receiving<br /> | [[Jim Benton (American football)|Jim Benton]]<br /> | Los Angeles<br /> | 981<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Draft==<br /> The [[1946 NFL Draft]] was held on January 14, 1946 at [[New York City]]'s [[Grand Hyatt New York|Commodore Hotel]]. With the first pick, the [[Boston Yanks]] selected quarterback [[Frank Dancewicz]] from the [[University of Notre Dame]].<br /> <br /> ==Coaches==<br /> ===Eastern Division===<br /> *[[Boston Yanks]]: [[Herb Kopf]]<br /> *[[New York Giants]]: [[Steve Owen (American football)|Steve Owen]]<br /> *[[Philadelphia Eagles]]: [[Greasy Neale]]<br /> *[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]: [[Jock Sutherland]]<br /> *[[Washington Redskins]]: [[Turk Edwards]]<br /> <br /> ===Western Division===<br /> *[[Chicago Bears]]: [[George Halas]]<br /> *[[Chicago Cardinals]]: [[Jimmy Conzelman]]<br /> *[[Detroit Lions]]: [[Gus Dorais]]<br /> *[[Green Bay Packers]]: [[Curly Lambeau]]<br /> *[[Los Angeles Rams]]: [[Adam Walsh (American football)|Adam Walsh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * ''NFL Record and Fact Book'' ({{ISBN|1-932994-36-X}})<br /> * [http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1941-1950 NFL History 1941–1950] (Last accessed December 4, 2005)<br /> * ''Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League'' ({{ISBN|0-06-270174-6}})<br /> <br /> {{1946 NFL season by team}}<br /> {{NFL seasons}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1946 Nfl Season}}<br /> [[Category:National Football League seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1946 National Football League season| ]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolphus_FitzClarence&diff=190140409 2018-04-17T22:25:55Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> |name = Adolphus FitzClarence<br /> |image =<br /> |caption =<br /> |birth_date = {{Birth date|1802|2|18|df=yes}}<br /> |death_date = {{Death date and age|1856|5|17|1802|2|18|df=yes}}<br /> |birth_place = [[Bushy House]], [[Middlesex]]<br /> |death_place = [[Newburgh Priory]], North Yorkshire<br /> |placeofburial= St. Michael's Church, [[Coxwold]], North Yorkshire<br /> |placeofburial_label=<br /> |placeofburial_coordinates=&lt;!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> |nickname =<br /> |birth_name =<br /> |allegiance = {{UK}}<br /> |branch = {{navy|UK}} <br /> |serviceyears = 1813–1856<br /> |rank = [[Rear Admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear Admiral]]<br /> |servicenumber=<br /> |unit =<br /> |commands = {{Plainlist |<br /> * {{HMS|Ariadne|1816|6}} <br /> * {{HMS|Challenger|1826|6}} <br /> * {{HMS|Pallas|1816|6}} <br /> * {{Ship|HMY|Royal George}}<br /> }}<br /> |battles = [[Napoleonic Wars]]<br /> |awards =<br /> |relations = {{Plainlist |<br /> * [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] (father)<br /> * [[Dorothea Jordan]] (mother)<br /> }}<br /> |laterwork =<br /> }}<br /> Lord '''Adolphus FitzClarence''', [[Royal Guelphic Order|GCH]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] (18 February 1802 – 17 May 1856) was a British [[Royal Navy|naval officer]].<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> FitzClarence was born at [[Bushy House]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://resource.npl.co.uk/docs/educate_explore/history/bushy_house.pdf |title=The Story of Bushy House |work=[[National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)|National Physical Laboratory]] |year=2010 |accessdate=10 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Middlesex]], and was an illegitimate child of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Prince William, Duke of Clarence]] (later William IV) and his mistress, [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PII2035&quot;&gt;[[George Cokayne|Cokayne]] et al., ''[[The Complete Peerage]]'', volume II, p.2035&lt;/ref&gt; He attended a [[boarding school]] in [[Sunbury-on-Thames]] before being sent to sea at the age of eleven in 1813, aboard {{HMS|Impregnable|1810|2}}. He subsequently served as a [[midshipman]] aboard {{HMS|Newcastle|1813|2}} based in North America and then later in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. On receiving his commission as lieutenant in April 1821, he transferred to {{HMS|Euryalus|1803|2}} and after being promoted to the rank of [[commander]] in May 1823, he later served aboard {{HMS|Brisk|1819|2}} and {{HMS|Redwing|1806|2}} in the [[North Sea]]. When promoted to [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] in December 1824, he commanded {{HMS|Ariadne|1816|2}} in 1826, {{HMS|Challenger|1826|2}} in 1827 and {{HMS|Pallas|1816|2}} in 1828.<br /> <br /> On the accession of FitzClarence's father as king in 1830, he took command of the [[Royal Yacht]], {{Ship|HMY|Royal George||2}}. His father also granted him and his siblings the rank of a younger son/daughter of a marquess by [[Royal Warrant of Precedence]] in 1831, enabling him to prefix ''Lord'' before his name and he was knighted the following year.&lt;ref name=&quot;PII2035&quot;/&gt; He was also appointed [[Groom of the Robes]] in 1830 and a [[Lord of the Bedchamber]] in 1833.<br /> <br /> On the death of his father and the accession of his cousin [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] in 1837, FitzClarence retained command of the Royal Yacht (until he was promoted to a [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|rear-admiral]] in 1853) and his allowance allowed to continue. The queen reported that he &quot;burst into tears, and said it was unexpected, for they [the FitzClarences] did not dare to hope for anything&quot; (as illegitimate children of a former monarch).&lt;ref&gt;[[Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher|Viscount Esher]], ''Queen Victoria: a selection from Her Majesty's diaries between the years 1832 and 1840'', 2 volumes (1912)&lt;/ref&gt; In 1848, he also became a naval [[aide-de-camp]] to the queen and retained the office until he died, unmarried, at [[Newburgh Priory]] in 1856.&lt;ref name=&quot;PII2035&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He was interred in the [[chancel]] of St. Michael's Church, [[Coxwold]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.amkirby.co.uk/PDF/C70.pdf |title=Seventy Coxwold Sundays |work=amkirby.co.uk |year=2007 |accessdate=10 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Lord Adolphus FitzClarence'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * {{cite wikisource | class = dictionary | first = William Richard | last = O'Byrne | chapter = FitzClarence, Adolphus | wslink = A Naval Biographical Dictionary | title = A Naval Biographical Dictionary | year = 1849 | publisher = [[John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]] }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * {{cite web |url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/9/101009541/ |title=FitzClarence, Lord Adolphus (1802–1856) |work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |year= 2004 |accessdate=14 October 2007}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/rear-admiral-lord-adolphus-fitzclarence-18021856-gch-adc-217641 |title=Portrait of Rear-Admiral Lord Adolphus FitzClarence (1802–1856), GCH, ADC, RN, as a Young Naval Officer |work=bbc.co.uk}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-court}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> | title = [[Groom of the Robes]]<br /> | before = ?<br /> | after = [[Francis Seymour, 5th Marquess of Hertford|Francis Seymour]]<br /> | years = 1830–1833}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> | title = [[Lord of the Bedchamber]]<br /> | before = [[William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh|The Earl of Denbigh]]<br /> | after = New court&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(death of William IV)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | years = 1833–1837}}<br /> {{s-mil}}<br /> {{succession box<br /> | title = [[Rear-Admiral of the Blue]]<br /> | before = [[Houston Stewart]]<br /> | after = [[Peter Richards (Royal Navy officer)|Peter Richards]]<br /> | years = 1853–1855}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:FitzClarence, Adolphus}}<br /> [[Category:1802 births]]<br /> [[Category:1856 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family|Adolphus FitzClarence, Lord]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Navy officers]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Navy admirals]]<br /> [[Category:Younger sons of marquesses]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amelia_Cary,_Viscountess_Falkland&diff=189226875 2018-04-17T21:59:11Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox noble<br /> | name = Amelia Cary<br /> | title = Viscountess Falkland<br /> | image = Amelia falkland.PNG<br /> | caption = <br /> | alt = <br /> | CoA = <br /> | more = no <br /> | succession = <br /> | reign = <br /> | reign-type = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | suc-type = <br /> | spouse = [[Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland]]<br /> | spouse-type = <br /> | issue = Lucius Cary, Master of Falkland<br /> | issue-link = <br /> | issue-pipe = <br /> | full name = <br /> | styles = <br /> | titles = <br /> | noble family = [[:Category:FitzClarence family|FitzClarence family]]<br /> | house-type = nobility<br /> | father = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]]<br /> | mother = [[Dorothea Jordan]]<br /> | birth_name = Amelia FitzClarence&lt;ref name=&quot;burke&quot;&gt;{{cite book<br /> | last = Burke<br /> | first = John<br /> | title = A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the United Kingdom, for M.D.CCC.XXVI<br /> | publisher = H. Colburn<br /> | year = 1826<br /> | location = London<br /> | pages = 109<br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qRUYAAAAYAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1807|03|21|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | christening_date = <br /> | christening_place = <br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1858|07|2|1807|03|21|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = London, England&lt;ref name=&quot;peerage 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thepeerage.com/p10509.htm#i105083 |title=Amelia Fitz-Clarence |work=The Peerage |last=Lundy|first=Darryl |accessdate=24 January 2014 |date=22 January 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | burial_date = <br /> | burial_place = <br /> | religion = <br /> | occupation = <br /> | memorials = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | module = <br /> }}<br /> '''Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland''' (21 March 1807 – 2 July 1858) was a British noblewoman. Born the fifth illegitimate daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom]] (then Duke of Clarence) by his long-time mistress [[Dorothea Jordan]]. Amelia had four sisters and five brothers all surnamed FitzClarence. Soon after their father became monarch, the FitzClarence children were raised to the ranks of younger children of a [[marquess]]. A granddaughter of [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]], Amelia was named after her aunt [[Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom|Princess Amelia]].<br /> <br /> ==Family and early life==<br /> Amelia FitzClarence was the fifth daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Prince William, Duke of Clarence]] by his long-time mistress, the famous comic actress [[Dorothea Jordan]].{{sfn|Wright|1837|pp=851–54}}{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} Dorothea was the most successful actress of her day and continued to act on the stage during their relationship.{{sfn|Brock|2004}} Amelia had nine siblings from the relationship, four sisters and five brothers all surnamed FitzClarence.{{sfn|Wright|1837|pp=429, 851–54}} While circumstances prevented the couple from ever marrying, for twenty years William and Dorothea enjoyed domestic stability and were devoted to their children.{{sfn|Brock|2004}}{{sfn|Campbell Denlinger|2005|p=81}} In 1797, they moved from Clarence Lodge to Bushy House, residing at the Teddington residence until 1807.{{sfn|Brock|2004}} Amelia was born there.<br /> <br /> Amelia's niece [[Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster|Wilhelmina]] would later write that Bushy was &quot;a happy and beloved home&quot; until it &quot;came to end&quot; upon Prince William's marriage to [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen]] in 1818.{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|p=4}} He and Dorothea had parted ways in December 1811 under a deed of separation, the debt-ridden duke desiring to secure a rich wife.{{sfn|Brock|2004}}{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} Dorothea was granted £4,400 and the task of caring for their daughters; William was permitted to visit them until they turned thirteen.{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} She left Bushy in January 1812. The money was not enough to cover her debts, however. Dorothea continued to act on the stage after his leaving. In 1815, she moved from London to [[Boulogne]], France to evade her creditors.{{sfn|Brock|2004}}{{sfn|Ranger|2004}} On 5 July 1816, she died there alone. She had suffered from ill health and possessed little money, having squandered the bulk of it on her eldest daughter Frances (fathered by another man).{{sfn|Ranger|2004}}<br /> <br /> William's new wife, Princess Adelaide, was gentle and loving to the FitzClarence children.{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=146}}{{sfn|FitzClarence|1904|pp=4–5}} In 1818, Amelia and her siblings were granted a pension of £500. In 1819, [[Franz Ludwig von Bibra|Baron Franz Ludwig von Bibra]], a German man with knowledge of the classics and English, was engaged to tutor the two youngest FitzClarence daughters. He left in 1822 upon the completion of their education.{{sfn|Nyman|1996|p=26}} In June 1830, the Duke of Clarence succeeded his brother [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] as King William IV.{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=861}} The following year, he made his eldest son [[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster|George]] Earl of Munster, and had his issue by Jordan raised to the ranks of younger children of a [[marquess]].{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}}{{sfn|Fraser|2004|p=352}} With their father now monarch, the FitzClarences frequently attended court{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=218}} but their presence angered the [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Duchess of Kent]], who felt that the FitzClarences would be a corrupting influence on her daughter [[Queen Victoria|Princess Victoria]].{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=218}}{{sfn|Vallone|2001|pp=49, 72}} King William loved his children and was aggrieved at their treatment at the hands of the Duchess, who would leave the room whenever they entered.{{sfn|Williams|2010|p=218}}<br /> <br /> ==Marriage and issue==<br /> She married [[Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland]] in 1830. They had one son, Lucius William Charles Frederick Cary, Master of Falkland (24 November 1831 – 6 August 1871), who married Sarah Christiana Keighly (d. 4 October 1902). Amelia died in London on 2 July 1858.<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> * namesake of [[Falkland Ridge]], [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]]<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> |26= 26. Francis Heaton<br /> |27= 27. Elizabeth Curtis<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ;Works cited<br /> {{refbegin|30em}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEc7AwAAQBAJ&amp; |title=Royal Bastards |first1=Peter |last1=Beauclerk-Dewar |first2=Roger |last2=Powell |year=2008 |location=Stroud |publisher=The History Press |isbn=9780752473154 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{ODNBweb|last=Brock|first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Brock |title=William IV (1765–1837) |id=29451 |date=2004 }}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://www.questia.com/read/117825946 |title=Before Victoria: Extraordinary Women of the British Romantic Era |first=Elizabeth |last=Campbell Denlinger |year=2005 |location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press |via=Questia |isbn= |ref=harv}} {{Subscription needed}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/My_Memories_and_Miscellanies.html?id=x40xAQAAMAAJ |title=My Memories and Miscellanies |first=Wilhelmina |last=FitzClarence |authorlink=Wilhelmina FitzClarence, Countess of Munster |year=1904 |location=London |publisher=Eveleigh Nash |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{cite book|first=Flora|last=Fraser|authorlink=Flora Fraser (writer) |title=Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=0719561094 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=http://www.vonbibra.net/files/TVBSChapt20001.pdf |title=The Von Bibra Story |first=Lois |last=Nyman |year=1996 |location=Launceston|publisher=Foot &amp; Playsted |isbn=0-9597188-1-8 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{ODNBweb|last=Ranger|first=Paul|title=Jordan, Dorothy (1761–1816) |id=15119|date=2004 }}<br /> *{{cite book|first=Lynne |last=Vallone |title=Becoming Victoria |publisher=Yale University Press |location=|year=2001 |isbn=978-0-300-08950-9|ref=harv}}<br /> *{{cite book|first=Kate|last=Williams|authorlink=Kate Williams (historian) |title=Becoming Queen Victoria: The Tragic Death of Princess Charlotte and the Unexpected Rise of Britain's Greatest Monarch |publisher=Ballatine Books|location=|year=2010 |isbn=0-345-46195-9 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=gAfVIVra9C4C&amp; |title=The Life and Reign of William the Fourth |last= Wright |first=G.N. |year=1837 |location=London |publisher=Fisher, Son, &amp; Co |ref=harv}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Falkland, Amelia Carey, Viscountess}}<br /> [[Category:1807 births]]<br /> [[Category:1858 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century British people]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century women]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Sidney,_Baroness_De_L%E2%80%99Isle_and_Dudley&diff=189549951 2018-04-17T21:50:07Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox nobility|type<br /> | name = Sophia Sidney<br /> | title = Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | spouse = [[Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L'Isle and Dudley]]<br /> | issue = Adelaide Sidney&lt;br /&gt;Ernestine Sidney&lt;br /&gt;Sophia Sidney&lt;br /&gt;Philip Sidney, 2nd Baron of De L'Isle and Dudley<br /> | noble family = [[:Category:FitzClarence family|FitzClarence]]<br /> | father = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]]<br /> | mother = [[Dorothea Jordan]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1795|03|04|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = Somerset Street, [[London]], [[England]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1837|04|10|1795|03|04|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | burial_date = <br /> | burial_place = <br /> | religion =<br /> | occupation = State Housekeeper<br /> }}<br /> '''Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley''' (''née'' '''FitzClarence'''; 4 March 1795 – 10 April 1837) was the eldest illegitimate daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom]] and his longtime mistress [[Dorothea Jordan]]. She was married to [[Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L'Isle and Dudley]], and had four surviving children. Shortly before her death in 1837, she served as State Housekeeper in [[Kensington Palace]].<br /> <br /> ==Family and early life==<br /> Sophia FitzClarence was born on 4 March 1795 on Somerset Street in [[London]], the eldest daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Prince William, Duke of Clarence]], by his longtime mistress, the comic actress [[Dorothea Jordan]].{{sfn|Beauclerk-Dewar|Powell|2008}} Sophia would come to have nine siblings, five brothers and four sisters all surnamed FitzClarence.{{sfn|Wright|1837|pp=429, 851–54}}{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=304}} While circumstances prevented the couple from ever marrying, for twenty years William and Dorothea enjoyed domestic stability and were devoted to their children.{{sfn|Brock|2004}}{{sfn|Campbell Denlinger|2005|p=81}} In 1797, they moved from Clarence Lodge to [[Bushy House]], residing at the [[Teddington]] residence until 1807.{{sfn|Brock|2004}} The couple separated in 1811 as William sought to produce legitimate issue.{{sfn|Campbell Denlinger|2005|p=84}}<br /> <br /> ==Marriage and issue==<br /> On 13 August 1825, she married [[Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L'Isle and Dudley|Philip Sidney]], later an M.P. and the 1st [[Viscount De L'Isle|Baron De L'Isle and Dudley]] of Penshurst in the County of Kent.{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=304}}{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=851}} Sidney was a relation of the [[Romantic poetry|Romantic poet]] and philosopher [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], though he opted to drop &quot;Shelley&quot; from his surname.{{sfn|Brennan|2006}}<br /> <br /> Sophia and her husband had four surviving children, three daughters and a son:{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=851}}{{sfn|Burke|1880|p=353}}<br /> <br /> * Adelaide Augusta Willhelmina Sydney, married her first cousin, Frederick Charles George FitzClarence-Hunloke, son of [[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster]], no issue<br /> * Ernestine Wellington Sidney, married Philip Perceval; mother of Major Sir [[Philip Hunloke]], who was the father of Lt.-Col. [[Henry Hunloke|Henry Philip Hunloke]]<br /> * Sophia Philippa Sidney, married Alexander, Graf von Kielmannsegg, a great-grandson of [[Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn]] (illegitimate son of [[George II of Great Britain]])<br /> * Philip Sidney, 2nd Baron of De L'Isle and Dudley of Penshurst (1828–1898), grandfather of the [[William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle|1st Viscount De L'Isle]]<br /> <br /> ==Later life==<br /> [[File:William IV in 1837 by his daughter Sophia.jpg|thumb|130px|William IV drawn by his daughter Sophia in 1837]]<br /> In May 1831 Sophia, like her sisters, was raised to the status of a daughter of a [[marquess]]. In January 1837, she was appointed State Housekeeper of [[Kensington Palace]], where she died three months later.{{sfn|Wright|1837|p=851}} Sophia died in childbirth just after drawing a sketch of her ailing father. She was his favourite child and her death caused him intense grief. She was remembered as a woman of great wit, charm and gaiety. There is a memorial to her at [[St John the Baptist, Penshurst]].<br /> <br /> The widowed Sidney died in 1851.{{sfn|Weir|2008|p=304}}<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ;Works cited<br /> {{refbegin|30em}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEc7AwAAQBAJ&amp; |title=Royal Bastards |first1=Peter |last1=Beauclerk-Dewar |first2=Roger |last2=Powell |year=2008 |location=Stroud |publisher=The History Press |isbn=9780752473154 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2O2gshcuSEC&amp; |title=The Sidneys of Penshurst and the Monarchy, 1500-1700 |first=Michael G. |last=Brennan |year=2006 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Company |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{ODNBweb|last=Brock|first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Brock |title=William IV (1765–1837) |id=29451 |date=2004 }}<br /> * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6IaAAAAYAAJ&amp; |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, Volume 42, Part 1 |first=Bernard |last=Burke |publisher=Harrison and Sons |year=1880 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://www.questia.com/read/117825946 |title=Before Victoria: Extraordinary Women of the British Romantic Era |first=Elizabeth |last=Campbell Denlinger |year=2005 |location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press |via=Questia |isbn= |ref=harv}} {{Subscription needed}}<br /> *{{cite book|first=Alison|last=Weir|authorlink=Alison Weir|title=Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy|publisher=Vintage Books|location=London|year=2008|isbn=978-0-09-953973-5 |ref=harv}}<br /> * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=gAfVIVra9C4C&amp; |title=The Life and Reign of William the Fourth |last= Wright |first=G.N. |year=1837 |location=London |publisher=Fisher, Son, &amp; Co |ref=harv}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sidney, Sophia}}<br /> [[Category:1796 births]]<br /> [[Category:1837 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century British people]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century British people]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century women]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century women]]<br /> [[Category:British baronesses|De L'Isle and Dudley]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths in childbirth]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_FitzClarence,_7._Earl_of_Munster&diff=189107896 2018-04-17T21:49:03Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br /> '''Anthony Charles FitzClarence, 7th Earl of Munster''' {{small|[[Royal Society of Arts|FRSA]]}} (21 March 1926 – 30 December 2000) was the last [[Earl of Munster]], [[Viscount FitzClarence]] and [[Baron Tewkesbury]]. The Earl of Munster was the last of the senior male line of FitzClarences that began with [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV]] ([[Duke of Clarence]] until his accession in 1830) and his mistress, the comic actress [[Dorothea Jordan]] (née Bland).<br /> <br /> The King's eldest son by Mrs Jordan, [[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster|George FitzClarence]], was created [[Earl of Munster]] in 1831. He was granted arms at the same time, consisting of the royal arms of Great Britain surmounted by a baton sinister charged with roses, as a mark of bastardy. The seventh earl made his way in the world without trading on his lineage, working variously as a publican, a graphic designer on newspapers, and latterly as an expert on medieval stained glass.<br /> <br /> In 1983, he inherited the earldom on the death of his father [[Edward FitzClarence, 6th Earl of Munster]]. From then until the Government's expulsion of the hereditary peers in 1999, as part of the [[House of Lords Act]], he was a regular attender at the [[House of Lords]]. For a short time he sat on the cross benches, but soon moved to the Conservative side of the House. A shy man, he spoke rarely there, content to be one of those silent peers that made the Lords, as Byron thought, so formidable an audience.<br /> <br /> ==Early life, education and military service==<br /> Anthony Charles FitzClarence was born as the only son of Edward FitzClarence (1899–1983) and Monica Grayson (died 1958). He had a younger sister, Mary (1928–1971). His father succeeded as the 6th [[Earl of Munster]] in 1975 on the death of his second cousin, [[Geoffrey FitzClarence, 5th Earl of Munster|Geoffrey FitzClarence, the 5th Earl]], formerly Paymaster-General in [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s administration. Anthony's grandfather, Brigadier-General [[Charles FitzClarence]], had won a VC serving with the Royal Fusiliers at Mafeking, and was married to Lady Violet Spencer-Churchill, which made Anthony's father a second cousin of [[Winston Churchill]].<br /> <br /> Anthony was sent to [[St Edward's School, Oxford]], before further private education in Switzerland. He was intensely patriotic, and in 1942, aged 16, he volunteered for the [[Royal Navy]], serving for the remainder of the war as a rating on the carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|87|6}}. He was wounded in action, and went on ''Illustrious'' to the Mediterranean Sea and the Far East.<br /> <br /> His fluent French was put to practical use in Sri Lanka when, with some French sailors, he negotiated for his shipmates a substantial exchange of &quot;pusser's rum&quot; for [[Bordeaux wine|claret]]. He left the Navy for reasons of ill health in 1947, but afterwards enjoyed sailing.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Requiring an income, FitzClarence began to look for work in which he could express his artistic talent and, after training at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London, in 1950 he became a [[graphic design]]er. From 1957 until 1966 he worked for the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' newspaper group, and then from 1966 until 1969 was in the publicity department of the old ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|Sun]]'' newspaper, before its takeover by [[Rupert Murdoch]].<br /> <br /> After being made redundant in 1969, he continued to work as a freelance designer for another decade. He became Viscount FitzClarence in 1975 on the succession of his father to the earldom. In 1979, he briefly became the landlord of a pub in [[Haslemere]], Surrey. He then joined the staff of the Burrell Collection in [[Glasgow]] as a stained glass conservator.<br /> <br /> He had already developed an interest in heraldic glass engraving, and initially his job was to ensure that the medieval stained glass panels selected for exhibition were in good condition. But his skill at arranging displays meant that he was soon put in charge of designing the collection's entire display of stained glass, which contained both small panels and a group of larger pieces, including entire windows. These he integrated into the structure of the building, illuminating them with natural light.<br /> <br /> He left the [[Burrell Collection]] soon after it had opened to the public in 1983, and from 1983 until 1989 worked at the Chapel Studio, a leading firm of stained glass designers and conservators. Latterly, he had begun to create a digital archive of thousands of photographs of examples of stained glass.<br /> <br /> FitzClarence was well liked by his fellow peers at the House of Lords, where he took a keen interest in issues as diverse as museum funding, defence matters and osteoporosis. For many years he was an enthusiastic member of the House of Lords Yacht Club, competing in matches against the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. He was a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Arts]].<br /> <br /> ==Marriages and issue==<br /> On 28 July 1949, FitzClarence married firstly Louise Margaret Diane Delvigne. They had two daughters before their divorce in 1966:&lt;ref name = &quot;thePeerage&quot;&gt;[http://thepeerage.com/p4616.htm#i46156 ''Anthony Charles Fitz-Clarence, 7th Earl of Munster'' in: thePeerage.com] [retrieved 11 December 2014].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Lady Tara Francesca FitzClarence (born 6 August 1952), former Director of Sotheby's, married Ross Jean Heffler in 1979. They had two children:<br /> **Alexandra Louise Heffler (born 1982), married James Henry Southall Bradley.<br /> **Leo Edward Michael Heffler (born 1985).<br /> *Lady Finola Dominique FitzClarence (born 6 December 1953), married Jonathan Terence Poynton in 1981. They had two children:<br /> **Chloë Nona Poynton (born 1982).<br /> **Oliver Maximilian Christopher Poynton (born 1984).<br /> <br /> On 18 June 1966 FitzClarence married secondly Pamela Margaret Spooner. They had two daughters before their divorce in 1979:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/greatbritain.html Genealogy of the House of Hannover in: angelfire.com] [retrieved 11 December 2014].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.almanachdegotha.org/id308.html House of Hannover in: almanachdegotha.org] [retrieved 11 December 2014].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Oonagh Sarah FitzClarence (born 1964), born before her parents' marriage and adopted by John and Rowena Lawrence Mills when they changed her name to ''Charlotte Catherine Lawrence Mills''; married Raymond Burt in 1987.<br /> *Lady Georgina FitzClarence (born 1966).<br /> <br /> In 1979 FitzClarence married thirdly Dorothy Alexa Maxwell (d. 13 June 1995). They had no children.&lt;ref name = &quot;thePeerage&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On 3 May 1997 FitzClarence married fourthly Halina Winska. They had no children.&lt;ref name = &quot;thePeerage&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> With no male heirs the titles became extinct on his death in 2000.<br /> <br /> == Ancestry ==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> | boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;<br /> | boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;<br /> | boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;<br /> | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;<br /> | boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;<br /> | 1 = 1. '''Anthony FitzClarence, 7th Earl of Munster'''<br /> | 2 = 2. [[Edward FitzClarence, 6th Earl of Munster]]<br /> | 3 = 3. Monica Sheila Harrington Grayson<br /> | 4 = 4. [[Charles FitzClarence]] VC<br /> | 5 = 5. Lady Violet Spencer-Churchill<br /> | 6 = 6. [[Henry Grayson|Sir Henry Mulleneux Grayson, 1st Bt]]<br /> | 7 = 7. Dora Beatrice Harrington<br /> | 8 = 8. Hon. George FitzClarence<br /> | 9 = 9. Lady Maria Henrietta Scott<br /> | 10 = 10. Lord Alfred Spencer-Churchill<br /> | 11 = 11. Hon. Harriet Louisa Hester Gough-Calthorpe<br /> | 12 = 12. Henry Holdrege Grayson<br /> | 13 = 13. Elizabeth Mulleneux<br /> | 14 = 14. Frederick Harrington<br /> | 16 = 16. [[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster]]<br /> | 17 = 17. Mary Wyndham<br /> | 18 = 18. John Henry Scott, 3rd [[Earl of Clonmell]]<br /> | 19 = 19. Hon. Anne de Burgh<br /> | 20 = 20. [[George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough]]<br /> | 21 = 21. Lady Jane Stewart<br /> | 22 = 22. Frederick Gough-Calthorpe, 4th [[Baron Calthorpe]]<br /> | 23 = 23. Lady Charlotte Sophia Somerset<br /> | 26 = 26. James Mulleneux<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-reg|uk}}<br /> {{s-bef | before=[[Edward FitzClarence, 6th Earl of Munster|Edward FitzClarence]] }}<br /> {{s-ttl | title=[[Earl of Munster]] | years=1983&amp;ndash;2000}}<br /> {{s-aft | after=''(extinct)''}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Munster, Anthony Fitzclarence, 7th Earl Of}}<br /> [[Category:1926 births]]<br /> [[Category:2000 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:English graphic designers]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family|Anthony Fitzclarence, 7th Earl of Munster]]<br /> [[Category:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers]]<br /> [[Category:People educated at St Edward's School, Oxford]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Navy personnel of World War II]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_von_Nassau&diff=190977963 2018-04-17T20:54:37Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox royalty<br /> | name =Princess Marie<br /> | title =Princess consort of Wied<br /> | image =Marie of Nassau.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | spouse = [[Hermann, Prince of Wied]]<br /> | issue = [[Elisabeth of Wied|Elisabeth, Queen of Romania]]&lt;br&gt;[[William, Prince of Wied]]&lt;br&gt;[[Prince Otto of Wied|Prince Otto]]<br /> | full name ={{lang-de|Marie Wilhelmine Friederike Elisabeth}}<br /> | house =[[House of Nassau-Weilburg|Nassau-Weilburg]]<br /> | father =[[William, Duke of Nassau]]<br /> | mother =[[Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> | birth_date ={{birth date|1825|1|29|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place =[[Biebrich, Rhineland Palatinate|Biebrich]], [[Duchy of Nassau]]<br /> | death_date ={{death date and age|1902|3|24|1825|1|29|df=y}}<br /> | death_place =[[Neuwied]], Duchy of Nassau<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Princess Marie of Nassau''' ({{lang-de|Prinzessin Marie Wilhelmine Friederike Elisabeth von Nassau}}; 29 January 1825{{spaced ndash}}24 March 1902) was the eighth child and fourth daughter of [[William, Duke of Nassau]] and wife of [[Hermann, Prince of Wied|Hermann, 4th Prince of Wied]]. She was the mother of [[Elisabeth of Wied|Queen Elisabeth of Romania]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Marie was born at [[Biebrich, Rhineland Palatinate|Biebrich]], [[Duchy of Nassau]] the eighth child and fourth daughter of [[William, Duke of Nassau]] (1792–1839) by his first wife, [[Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen]] (1794–1825), daughter of [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]].<br /> <br /> She was sister of:<br /> *[[Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg|Duchess Therese of Oldenburg]] (1815–1871)<br /> *[[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] (1817–1905)<br /> And half sister (as well as first cousin once removed) of:<br /> *[[Princess Helena of Nassau|Helena, Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont]] (1831–1888) who married [[George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]].<br /> *[[Sophia of Nassau|Queen Sophia of Sweden and Norway]] (1836–1913), queen consort of [[Oscar II of Sweden]].<br /> <br /> ==Marriage and family==<br /> Marie married on 20 June 1842 in [[Biebrich, Rhineland Palatinate|Biebrich]], [[Hermann, Prince of Wied]] (1814–1864), elder son of Johann August Carl, Prince of Wied and Princess Sophie Auguste of [[Solms-Braunfels]].<br /> They had three children:<br /> *[[Elisabeth of Wied|Princess Elisabeth of Wied]] (29 December 1843 – 3 March 1916) married [[Carol I of Romania]], had issue.<br /> *[[William, Prince of Wied]] (22 August 1845 – 22 October 1907) married [[Princess Marie of the Netherlands]], had issue.<br /> *[[Prince Otto of Wied]] (22 November 1850 – 18 February 1862)<br /> <br /> ==Private life==<br /> According to the German writer and socialite [[Marie von Bunsen]] (1860–1941), Princess Marie is reported to have had a relationship with the Baden politician [[Franz von Roggenbach]] (1825–1907) to whom she even might have been married [[Morganatic marriage|morganatically]] after her husband's death.&lt;ref&gt;Marie von Bunsen: ''Die Welt, in der ich lebte''. Koehler &amp; Amelang, Leipzig 1930.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Titles and styles==<br /> *'''29 January 1825 – 20 June 1842''': ''Her Ducal Serene Highness'' Princess Marie of Nassau<br /> *'''20 June 1842 – 5 March 1864''': ''Her Ducal Serene Highness'' The Princess of Wied<br /> *'''5 March 1864 – 24 March 1902''': ''Her Ducal Serene Highness'' The Dowager Princess of Wied<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1=1. '''Princess Marie of Nassau'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William, Duke of Nassau]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |4= 4. [[Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg]]<br /> |6= 6. [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]<br /> |7= 7. [[Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |8= 8. [[Charles Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau]]<br /> |10= 10. Wilhelm Georg, Count of Sayn-Hachenburg, Burgrave of Kirchberg<br /> |11= 11. Princess Isabella Auguste Reuss of Greiz<br /> |12= 12. [[Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |13= 13. Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar<br /> |14= 14. [[Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |15= 15. [[Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br /> |16= 16. Charles Augustus, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg<br /> |17= 17. Princess Auguste Friederike Wilhelmine of Nassau-Idstein<br /> |18= 18. [[William IV, Prince of Orange]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Anne, Princess Royal]]<br /> |20= 20. Wilhelm Ludwig, Burgrave of Kirchberg<br /> |21= 21. Countess Louise of Salm-Dhaun<br /> |22= 22. Henrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz<br /> |23= 23. Countess Konradine Reuss of Köstritz<br /> |24= 24. [[Ernst Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |25= 25. Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau<br /> |26= 26. [[Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]<br /> |27= 27. Margravine Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth<br /> |28= 28. [[Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow|Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow]]<br /> |29= 29. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |30= 30. [[Landgrave George William of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br /> |31= 31. Countess Marie Luise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Notes and sources==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> *[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10885.htm#i108847 thePeerage.com - Marie Prinzessin von Nassau-Weilburg]<br /> *[http://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00010346&amp;tree=LEO Genealogics - Leo van de Pas - Princess Marie von Nassau]<br /> *The Royal House of Stuart, London, 1969, 1971, 1976, Addington, A. C., Reference: 351; The Royal House of Stuart, London, 1969, 1971, 1976, Addington, A. C., Reference: page 336<br /> *L'Allemagne dynastique, Huberty, Giraud, Magdelaine, Reference: vol III page 454.<br /> <br /> {{Princesses of Nassau by birth}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Marie Of Nassau, Princess}}<br /> [[Category:1825 births]]<br /> [[Category:1902 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from the Duchy of Nassau]]<br /> [[Category:House of Nassau-Weilburg]]<br /> [[Category:House of Wied-Neuwied]]<br /> [[Category:Princesses of Nassau-Weilburg]]<br /> [[Category:Princesses of Wied]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aliya_bint_Ali&diff=197537729 2018-04-17T20:51:58Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox royalty|realm=iraq<br /> |consort=yes<br /> | name =Aliya bint Ali<br /> | succession = Queen consort of Iraq<br /> | image =Queen Aliya bint Ali of Hejaz.jpg<br /> | reign =25 January 1934 - 4 April 1939<br /> | spouse =[[Ghazi of Iraq]]<br /> | issue =[[Faisal II of Iraq]]<br /> | royal house =House of Hashemite<br /> | father =[[Ali of Hejaz]] <br /> | mother = Nafissa Khanum <br /> | birth_date =1911<br /> | birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Ottoman Empire]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date|mf=yes|1950|12|21}} (39)<br /> | death_place =Baghdad, [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]]<br /> | place of burial=Royal Mausoleum, [[Adhamiyah]]<br /> | religion = [[Sunni Islam]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6511/is_2_49/ai_n29160130/ | work=APS Diplomat Redrawing the Islamic Map | title=IRAQ – Resurgence In The Shiite World – Part 8 – Jordan &amp; The Hashemite Factors | year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | house = [[Hashemites|Hashemite]]<br /> |}}<br /> <br /> '''Queen Aliya bint Ali of [[Hejaz]]''' (1911 – December 21, 1950), was an [[Arabia]]n princess and a [[queen consort]] of [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]]. She was the spouse and first cousin of King [[Ghazi of Iraq]] and the [[queen mother]] of [[Faisal II of Iraq]]. She was the last queen of Iraq.&lt;ref name=&quot;Royal Ark&quot;&gt;[http://www.royalark.net/Iraq/iraq2.htm Royal Ark]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Life==<br /> Princess Aliya bint Ali was the second daughter of [[Ali of Hejaz|Ali bin Hussein]], King of the [[Hijaz]] and [[Sharif of Mecca|Grand Sharif]] of [[Mecca]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.royalark.net/Arabia/hijaz1.htm Royal Ark]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On January 25, 1934 Aliya bint Ali married her first cousin, King Ghazi I of Iraq in [[Baghdad]], [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]]. They had one son:<br /> * [[Faisal II of Iraq|Faisal II, King of Iraq]] - born May 2, 1935 died July 14, 1958.<br /> <br /> Queen Aliya eventually separated from King Ghazi. When Ghazi died in a car crash on 4 April 1939, the politician [[Nuri as-Said]] was widely suspected of being implicated in his death. At the royal funeral crowds chanted: “You will answer for the blood of Ghazi, Nuri.” Nuri was suspected to have been in contact with Queen Aliya and plotted with the brother of the queen, [['Abd al-Ilah]], to depose the king&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bitsofnews.com/content/view/3929/42/ Bitsofnews]&lt;/ref&gt; Nuri supported the accession of [['Abd al-Ilah]] as [[regent]] for Ghazi’s successor, [[Faisal II of Iraq|Faisal II]], who was still a minor. The new regent was initially susceptible to Nuri’s influence. As her son, the last monarch of Iraq, did not marry, Aliya was the last queen of Iraq.<br /> <br /> === Suspicion in Death of Servant ===<br /> Queen Aliya, possibly through her &quot;adherents,&quot; was suspected by the British to have something to do with the death of a young servant of the palace. [[Ghazi of Iraq|King Ghazi]] was suspected of having an extra-marital affair with a young Iraqi servant. British sources wrote in 1938 that [[Ghazi of Iraq|King Ghazi]]’s bad reputation was tarnished “further” when a “Negro youth,” who was employed at the palace, died by “accidentally” discharging his revolver when he didn’t remove it before his afternoon siesta. An official police expert ruled that the Palace's explanation was consistent with the police examination.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> But the British suspected there was more to the story, in particular that one of the Queen’s “adherents” might have killed the boy, as the boy was suspected to be “the King’s boon companion in debauchery” and the Queen therefore had a “deep aversion” to the boy. The King was in a panic after this incident, fearing imminent assassination.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.drewhkinney.com/data.html|title=The National Archives of the UK, &quot;1938, FO 406/76, telegram no. 31&quot;|last=|first=|date=1938|website=Drewhkinney.com|archive-url=http://www.drewhkinney.com/data.html|archive-date=2017|dead-url=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Honours ==<br /> ;National Honours<br /> * [[File:Order_of_the_Hashemites_%28Iraq%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif|50px]] Dame Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Hashemites]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Royal Ark&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.royalark.net/Iraq/iraq4.htm Royal Ark]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Princess Aliya bint Ali of Hejaz'''<br /> |2= 2. [[Ali of Hejaz|King Ali of Hejaz]]<br /> |3= 3. Nafissa Khanum<br /> |4= 4. [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca]]<br /> |5= 5. Abdiya bint Abdullah, Sharifa of Mecca <br /> |6= 6. Abdullah bin Muhammad Pasha, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca<br /> |7=<br /> |8= 8. Ali Bey, [[Sharif of Mecca]] <br /> |9= 9. [[Sheikh]]a Salha bint Gharam al-Shahar<br /> |10= 10. Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca<br /> |11= 11. Bazmi Jahan Khanum<br /> |12= 12. Muhammad Pasha, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca<br /> |13= <br /> |14= <br /> |15= <br /> |16= 16. [[Emir|Amir]] [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'in|Muhammad III bin Abdul Muin al-Aun]], [[Sharif of Mecca|Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca]] (= 20)<br /> |17= <br /> |18= 18. [[Sheikh]] Gharam al-Shahar<br /> |19= <br /> |20= 20. [[Emir|Amir]] [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'in|Muhammad III bin Abdul Muin al-Aun]], [[Sharif of Mecca|Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca]] (= 16)<br /> |21= <br /> |22= <br /> |23= <br /> |24= <br /> |25= <br /> |26=<br /> |27= <br /> |28= <br /> |29= <br /> |30= <br /> |31= <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{S-start}}<br /> {{S-hou|[[Hashemites|House of Hāshim]]|1911|1950}}<br /> {{S-reg|}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Huzaima bint Nasser]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Queen of Iraq]]|years=1934-1939}}<br /> {{s-vac|next=Kingdom abolished in 1958}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliya Bint Ali}}<br /> [[Category:Iraqi royalty]]<br /> [[Category:1911 births]]<br /> [[Category:1950 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Queens]]<br /> [[Category:Arab queens]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Pole&diff=185883831 2018-04-17T20:50:35Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use British English|date=March 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name =Sir Geoffrey Pole<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | spouse =Constance Pakenham<br /> | children =[[Arthur Pole (1531–1570)|Sir Arthur Pole of Lordington]]&lt;br/&gt;Thomas Pole of Lordington and of West Stoke&lt;br/&gt;Edmund Pole of Lordington and of West Stoke (?)&lt;br /&gt;Geoffrey Pole of Lordington and of West Stoke&lt;br /&gt;Henry Pole&lt;br/&gt;Catherine Pole&lt;br/&gt;Catherine Pole&lt;br/&gt;Elizabeth Pole&lt;br/&gt;Mary Pole&lt;br/&gt;Margaret Pole&lt;br/&gt;Ann Pole<br /> | parents =[[Sir Richard Pole]]&lt;br&gt;[[Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury]]<br /> | birth_date = c. 1501 or 1502<br /> | death_date = 1558<br /> }}<br /> '''Sir Geoffrey Pole''' of [[Lordington House|Lordington]], [[Sussex]]&lt;ref&gt;http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal04502&lt;/ref&gt; (c. 1501 or 1502 - November 1558)&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary of National Biography&lt;/ref&gt; was an English knight who supported the [[Catholic Church in England and Wales]] when [[Henry VIII of England]] was establishing the alternative [[Church of England]] with himself as leader.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> He was fourth son of [[Sir Richard Pole]] (d. 1505), by his wife [[Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury]], and the younger brother of [[Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu]] and of [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Reginald Pole]]. He was one of the [[knight]]s made by Henry VIII at York Place in 1529.&lt;ref&gt;METCALFE, Book of Knights, p. 61&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chronicle of Henry VIII of England, translated from the Spanish by Martin A. Sharp Hume - Cal. Henry VIII, vol. iv. No. 6384&lt;/ref&gt; Soon afterwards, or before 9 July 1528, he married Constance Pakenham, the elder of the two daughters and co-heirs of Sir Edmund Pakenham, [[Gentleman Usher]] to [[Catherine of Aragon]], who died in 1528 and by whom he became [[Lord of the Manor|possessed]] of the [[Manor house|Manors]] of [[Eastcourt]] and [[Lordington House|Lordington]] at [[Racton]] in [[West Sussex]], Sussex. From 1531, his name is met with in commissions of various kinds, including Justice of the Peace for both for [[Hampshire]] and for [[Sussex]], and member of Parliament for Wilton beginning in 1529.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Like the rest of his family, he greatly disliked [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]'s proceedings for a divorce from [[Catherine of Aragon]]. In 1532, when the king went over to [[Calais]] with [[Anne Boleyn]] to meet [[Francis I of France]], he crossed the sea in disguise, and keeping himself unseen in the apartments of his brother, Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu, who had gone over with the king, stole out at night to collect news. Montagu sent him back to England to inform [[Catherine of Aragon|Queen Catherine]] that Henry had not succeeded in persuading Francis to countenance his proposed marriage with [[Anne Boleyn]].<br /> <br /> Next year, however, his name appears set down not with his own good will, we may be sure among the knights appointed 'to be servitors' at Anne Boleyn's coronation on 1 June 1533 and was paid ₤40 for that service.&lt;ref&gt;Cal. State Papers, Henry VIII, Foreign, Edward VI, Venetian, iii. 1560 - Cal Henry VIII, vi. 246&lt;/ref&gt; A week after, on Thursday 5 June, he dined with Henry's daughter [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary.]]&lt;ref&gt;ib. No. 1540, iii.&lt;/ref&gt; When [[Anne Boleyn]] was queen, he frequently visited the Spanish imperial ambassador, [[Eustace Chapuys]], to assure him that the emperor would find the hearts of the English people with him if he invaded England to redress the wrong done to the former queen, [[Catherine of Aragon]].&lt;ref&gt;ib. vii. 520&lt;/ref&gt; He added that he himself wished to go to the emperor in [[Spain]], which Chapuys wisely dissuaded him from doing.&lt;ref&gt;ib. vol. viii. No. 750, p. 283&lt;/ref&gt; Geoffrey was also in the confidence of French ambassador and the bishop of London, [[John Stokesley]]. As T.F. Mayer puts it &quot;In short, Geoffrey had a much higher profile in the opposition to Henry VIII's policies than his mother or his brother Henry Pole, Lord Montagu.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title = Geoffrey Pole|url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/22447|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/22447}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pilgrimage of Grace and imprisonment==<br /> In 1536, on the suppression of the smaller monasteries, he purchased from the commissioners such goods as then remained of the [[abbey of Dureford]] in Sussex, near Lordington.&lt;ref&gt;Sussex Archaeological Collections, vii. 224&lt;/ref&gt; In the end of that year, he is said to have commanded a company, under the [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|Duke of Norfolk]], against the northern rebels at [[Doncaster]]; but his sympathies were really with the rebels, and he was determined beforehand not to act against them.&lt;ref&gt;ib. xxi. 77&lt;/ref&gt; Norfolk, however, was aware that the insurgents were too strong to be attacked, and Sir Geoffrey had no occasion to desert the royal standard. A letter of [[William West, 1st Baron De La Warr|Lord De la Warr]], perhaps misplaced in the ' Calendar' in October 1536, speaks of his causing a riot by a forcible entry into [[Slindon]] Park, which he was afterwards ordered in the king's name immediately to quit.&lt;ref&gt;Cal. Henry VIII, vol. xi. No. 523&lt;/ref&gt; In October 1537, he came to court and the king refused to see him.&lt;ref&gt;ib. vol. xii. pt. ii. No. 921&lt;/ref&gt; A letter of his to the lord chancellor, dated at Lordington, 5 April, in which he hopes for a return of the king's favour, was probably written in 1538, though placed among the state papers of 1537.&lt;ref&gt;ib. vol. xii. pt. i. No. 829&lt;/ref&gt; On 29 August 1538, he was arrested and sent to the [[Tower of London]].&lt;ref&gt;ib. vol. xiii. pt. ii. p. 91&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This was a blow aimed at his whole family, whom the king had long meant to crush on account of the opposition to his policies by his brother [[Reginald Pole|Reginald]] the cardinal. For nearly two months, Geoffrey lay in prison; on 26 October a set of interrogations was administered to him, first about words dropped by himself in private conversation, when he had discussed an English religious policy with his brother, Henry, and next about letters and messages he, his mother, or others of his family had received. Much of he evidence he gave was instrumental in condemning both his brother and mother to the scaffold, primarily because of their loyalty to Princess Mary and the Catholic church.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; On 4 December 1538, he pleaded guilty at his trial for treason and then attempted twice to commit suicide. He was pardoned on 4 January 1539, but the experience seems to have led to a mental breakdown.&lt;ref&gt;[[Alison Weir]], Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), p.&amp;nbsp;136.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Charles Mosley (genealogist)|Charles Mosley]], editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, pp.&amp;ndash;16 and 228.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Exile==<br /> After his mother's execution, many of the Pole family lands were seized by the crown, but some were returned to Geoffrey in 1544. In 1548, he fled England and found his way to Rome, and threw himself at the feet of his brother the cardinal, saying he was unworthy to be called his brother for having caused another brother's death. The cardinal brought him to the pope for absolution and afterwards sent him into [[Flanders]] to the bishop of [[Liège|Liege]], allowing him an allowance of forty crowns a month. There he chiefly lived until the close of [[Edward VI]]'s reign. His wife and family, however, were still at Lordington, and he had a strong desire to return to England. In 1550, he visited [[John Mason (diplomat)|Sir John Mason]] at [[Poissy]], while on a journey to [[Rouen]]. He explained that he was riding up and down that summer to see countries and begged Mason to procure leave for him to return to England. He continued to campaign to return home. In 1552, his son Arthur was released from prison and went to serve the Duke of Northumberland. Geoffrey wrote to the duke, asking for a safe conduct home. Despite these efforts, he was excepted from the general pardon granted at the end of the parliament in 1552.&lt;ref&gt;Tytler's England under Edward VI and Mary, i. 313; STRYPE, Heel. Mem. vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 67&lt;/ref&gt; After [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary's]] accession in 1553, he returned to England.<br /> <br /> ==Death and issue==<br /> He died in 1558, a few days before [[Reginald Pole|his brother the cardinal]], and was buried at [[Stoughton, Leicestershire|Stoughton Church]]. He was attended in his last illness by Father Peter de Soto. His widow Constance, who made her [[will (law)|will]] on 1 or 2 August 1570 and died after 12 August 1570, desired to be buried beside him. He had five sons (the eldest son Arthur) and six daughters, two of whom were married, and one a [[nun]] of [[Syon Abbey]]. One of the married daughters was the mother of John Fortescue, whose daughter Elizabeth Fortescue (died aft. 16 April 1652) married [[Sir John Beaumont, 1st Baronet]]: <br /> * [[Arthur Pole (1531–1570)|Arthur Pole of Lordington, Sussex]] (1531 - bet. January 1570 and 12 August 1570).<br /> * Thomas Pole of Lordington, Sussex, and of [[West Stoke]], Sussex (between 1532 and 1540 - between 12 August 1570 and 2 November 1570), married to Mary, who died around March 1576, widow of John Lewes, who then married thirdly to Francis Cotton, without issue.&lt;ref&gt;[[Charles Mosley (genealogist)|Charles Mosley]], editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, p.&amp;ndash;16.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Edmund Pole of Lordington, Sussex, and of West Stoke, Sussex (?) (1541 - after 12 August 1570), who was imprisoned with his brother Arthur before 12 August 1570 in the [[Tower of London]], after conspiring with him to advance his own or [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]' claims to the throne of England, in the [[Tower of London]] from October 1562 or 1563;&lt;ref&gt;[[Dictionary of National Biography]] ''Arthur Pole''&lt;/ref&gt; on 26 February 1563 at the Tower of London, his brother was found guilty of treason, and imprisoned there, where he died.&lt;ref&gt;Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999), volume 1, p.&amp;nbsp;16.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Geoffrey Pole of Lordington, Sussex, and of West Stoke, Sussex (1546 - before 9 March 1590/1591), was educated at [[Winchester College]], [[Winchester]], [[Hampshire]], imprisoned with his brothers in the Tower of London in 1570 but released, married before 1573 Catherine Dutton, and died after 1608, and had nine children, including the following:&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharpe&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title = A royal descent [of the family of Sharpe]; with other pedigrees and memorials [With] Additions and corrections|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=85MNAAAAQAAJ|date = 1875-01-01|first = Thomasin Elizabeth|last = Sharpe}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Henry Pole (bef. 1570 - aft. 1570)<br /> ** Arthur Pole of Lordington, Sussex, and of West Stoke, Sussex (c. 1575 - murdered, Rome, 23 June 1605), who was educated at the [[Palazzo Farnese]], in [[Rome]], [[Italy]], along with the son of [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]], and became [[Lord of the Manor]] of [[Walderton]], Sussex, and a Member of the [[Household]] of [[Odoardo Farnese (cardinal)|Cardinal Odoardo Farnese]], unmarried and without issue; died in Rome.<br /> ** Geoffrey Pole of Lordington, Sussex, and of West Stoke, Sussex (c. 1577 - assassinated, Rome, bef. 7 January 1619), who was educated at the [[seminaries]], in [[Douai]], [[France]], and at the [[English College, Rome|English College]], in Rome, Italy, unmarried and without issue. Owned Wirehall in Cheshire, which was forfeited to the crown by his descendant, James Pole, son of Richard Pole.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title = A companion and key to the history of England; consisting of copious genealogical details of the British sovereigns, with an appendix, exhibiting a chronological epitome of the successive holders of the several titles of the ... nobility, etc, with their armorial bearings|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cCBkAAAAcAAJ|date = 1832-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ** Jane<br /> ** Catherine<br /> ** Constance<br /> ** Martha<br /> ** Mary<br /> * Henry Pole<br /> * Catherine Pole, died young.<br /> * Catherine Pole, who married Sir Anthony Fortescue.<br /> * Elizabeth Pole, who married William Neville.<br /> * Mary Pole, who married William Cowfeld.<br /> * Margaret Pole, who married Walter Windsor.<br /> * Ann Pole, who married Thomas Hildersham and had at least one son, [[Arthur Hildersham|Arthur]], born 6 October 1553 at [[Stetchworth]]. After Hildersham's death, Anne remarried a man named Ward.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharpe&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ancestors==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Sir Geoffrey Pole'''<br /> |2= 2. [[Sir Richard Pole]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury]]<br /> |4= 4. Sir Geoffrey Pole of Worrell and Wythurn<br /> |5= 5. Edith St John<br /> |6= 6. [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence]]<br /> |7= 7. [[Isabella Neville]]<br /> |8= 8. <br /> |9= 9. <br /> |10= 10. Sir Oliver St John of Bletso<br /> |11= 11. [[Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso]]<br /> |12= 12. [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]]<br /> |13= 13. [[Cecily Neville]]<br /> |14= 14. [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]]<br /> |15= 15. [[Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick]]<br /> |16= 16. <br /> |17= 17.<br /> |18= 18. <br /> |19= 19. <br /> |20= 20. John St John<br /> |21= 21. Elizabeth Paullet<br /> |22= 22. [[Baron Beauchamp of Bletso|John Beauchamp of Bletso]]<br /> |23= 23. Edith Stourton<br /> |24= 24. [[Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge]]<br /> |25= 25. [[Anne de Mortimer]]<br /> |26= 26. [[Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland]]<br /> |27= 27. [[Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland]]<br /> |28= 28. [[Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury]]<br /> |29= 29. [[Alice Neville, 5th Countess of Salisbury]]<br /> |30= 30. [[Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick]]<br /> |31= 31. [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester and Warwick]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pole, Geoffrey}}<br /> &lt;!--Categories--&gt;<br /> [[Category:1502 births]]<br /> [[Category:1558 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People of the Tudor period]]<br /> [[Category:People from Sussex]]<br /> [[Category:Pole family]]<br /> [[Category:16th-century English MPs]]<br /> [[Category:Prisoners in the Tower of London]]<br /> [[Category:English knights]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ada_de_Warenne&diff=189359128 2018-04-17T18:42:39Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=August 2012}}<br /> {{ infobox nobility<br /> | name = Ada de Warenne<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | noble family = Warenne<br /> | father = [[William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey]]<br /> | mother = [[Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester|Elizabeth of Vermandois]]<br /> | spouse = [[Henry of Scotland]]<br /> | birth_date = {{circa|1120}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = 1178<br /> | death_place = <br /> }}<br /> '''Ada de Warenne''' (or '''Adeline de Varenne''') ({{circa}} 1120 – 1178) was a Scottish princess, the [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] wife of [[Henry of Scotland]], [[Earl of Northumbria]] and [[Earl of Huntingdon]]. She was the daughter of [[William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey]] by [[Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester|Elizabeth of Vermandois]], and a great-granddaughter of [[Henry I of France]]. She became mother to two Kings of Scots, [[Malcolm IV of Scotland|Malcolm the Maiden]] and [[William I of Scotland|William the Lion]].<br /> <br /> ==Life==<br /> Ada and Henry were married in England in 1139.&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, Alan O., ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 – 1286'', London, 1908: 215.&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> As part of her marriage settlement, the new Countess Ada was granted the privileges of [[Haddington, East Lothian|Haddington]], amongst others in [[East Lothian]]. Previously the seat of a [[thegn|thanage]] Haddington is said to be the first [[Royal burgh]] in [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], created by Countess Ada's father-in-law, [[David I of Scotland]], who held it along with the church and a mill.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Miller, James, ''The Lamp of Lothian'', Haddington, 1900: 2&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In close succession both her husband and King David died, in 1152 and 1153 respectively. Following the death of Henry, who was buried at [[Kelso Abbey]], King David arranged for his grandson to succeed him, and at [[Scone, Scotland|Scone]] on 27 May 1153, the twelve-year-old was declared [[Malcolm IV of Scotland|Malcolm IV]], King of Scots. Following his coronation, Malcolm installed his brother William as [[Earl of Northumbria]] (although this county was &quot;restored&quot; to King [[Henry II of England]] by Malcolm in 1157&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, Alan O., ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 – 1286'', London, 1908: 239.&lt;/ref&gt;), and the young dowager-Countess retired to her lands at Haddington.<br /> <br /> On Thursday 9 December 1165&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, Alan O., ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 – 1286'', London, 1908: 243.&lt;/ref&gt; King Malcolm died at the age of 24 without issue. His mother had at that time been attempting to arrange a marriage between him and Constance, daughter of [[Conan III, Duke of Brittany]], but Malcolm died before the wedding could be celebrated.&lt;ref&gt;Oram, ''The Canmores'', p. 51.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following his brother's death Ada's younger son William became King of Scots at the age of twenty three. William the Lion was to become the longest serving King of Scots until the [[Union of the Crowns]] in 1603.<br /> <br /> ===Church patronage===<br /> Religious houses were established in Haddington at an early date. They came to include the [[Dominican Order|Blackfriars]] (who came into Scotland in 1219) and most notably the Church of the [[Franciscan|Greyfriars]], or Minorites (came into Scotland in the reign of Alexander II), which would become famous as ''&quot;Lucerna Laudoniae&quot;''- The Lamp of Lothian, the toft of land upon which it stands being granted by King [[David I of Scotland]] to the Prior of St. Andrews (to whom the patronage of the church of Haddington belonged). David I also granted to the monks of [[Dunfermline]] &quot;unam mansuram&quot; in Haddington, as well as to the monks of Haddington a full toft &quot;in burgo meo de Hadintun, free of all custom and service.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Miller, James, ''The Lamp of Lothian'', Haddington, 1900: 173&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ada devoted her time to good works, improving the lot of the Church at Haddington, where she resided. Countess Ada gave lands to the south and west of the [[River Tyne, Scotland|River Tyne]] near to the only crossing of the river for miles, to found a Convent of [[Cistercian Nuns]] (&quot;white nuns&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, Alan O., ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers AD500 – 1286'', London, 1908: 327.&lt;/ref&gt;) dedicated to [[St. Mary]], in what was to become the separate Burgh of Nungate, the extant remains are still to be seen in the ruined parish church of [[Martin of Tours|St. Martin]]. The nunnery she endowed with the lands of Begbie, at [[Garvald, East Lothian|Garvald]] and [[Keith Marischal]] amongst other temporal lands. Miller, however, states that she only &quot;founded and richly endowed a nunnery at the Abbey of Haddington&quot; and that &quot;Haddington, as demesne of the Crown, reverted to her son William the Lion upon her death&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Haddington seat===<br /> According to inscriptions within the town of Haddington, Countess Ada's residence was located near the present day County buildings and [[Sheriff Court]]. Countess Ada died in 1178&lt;ref&gt;Dunbar, Archibald ''Scottish Kings'', 1899: 65.&lt;/ref&gt; and is thought to be buried locally. Her remaining dower-lands were brought back into the Royal desmesne and William the Lion's wife, [[Ermengarde de Beaumont]], is said to have taken to her bed in Countess Ada's house to bear the future [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]]. Miller states that when the future King was born in Haddington in 1198 it took place &quot;in the palace of Haddington&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Miller, James, ''The Lamp of Lothian'', Haddington, 1900: 4&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Issue==<br /> She had seven children:<br /> * [[Ada of Huntingdon]], married [[Floris III, Count of Holland|Count Floris III of Holland]].<br /> * [[Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany|Margaret of Huntingdon]] married 1) [[Conan IV, Duke of Brittany]] and 2) [[Humphrey III de Bohun]].&lt;ref&gt;Richardson, Douglas, ''Magna Carta Ancestry'', Baltimore, Md, 2005: 99. {{ISBN|0-8063-1759-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Malcolm IV of Scotland|Malcolm IV]], King of Scots.<br /> * [[William the Lion]], King of Scots<br /> * [[David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon]] married [[Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon|Mathilda (Maud) of Chester]]. Through their daughter, [[Isobel of Huntingdon|Isobel]], they were the direct ancestors of the renowned Scottish King, [[Robert the Bruce]].<br /> * Matilda (or Maud) of Huntingdon, died unmarried in 1152.<br /> * Marjorie of Huntingdon, married [[Gille Críst, Earl of Angus]], also ancestors of Robert the Bruce.&lt;ref&gt;English Monarchs: Dynasties. (Copyright © 2004 - 2018). http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/dunkeld_16.html. [biog. of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon (born c. 1115 – died 1152)]: “Henry's youngest daughter, Marjorie of Huntingdon, married Gille Críst, Earl of Angus.”&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Roberts, John L., ''Lost Kingdoms: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages'', (Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 53–54: (author states, “Almost nothing is known of him [Gille Críst, ‘Earl of Angus’] except that he married Marjorie of Huntingdon, the daughter of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon and Ada de Warenne, and that he was succeeded by his son Donnchad before 1206. His daughter Bethóc (Beatrix) was married to Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland and was mother to Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland.”).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1=1. '''Ada de Warenne'''<br /> |2=2. [[William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |3=3. [[Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester]]<br /> |4=4. [[William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |5=5. [[Gundred, Countess of Surrey]]<br /> |6=6. [[Hugh I, Count of Vermandois]]<br /> |7=7. [[Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois]]<br /> |8=8. Rodulf de Warenne<br /> |12=12. [[Henry I of France]]<br /> |13=13. [[Anne of Kiev]]<br /> |14=14. [[Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois]]<br /> |15=15. [[Adele of Valois]]<br /> |24=24. [[Robert II of France]]<br /> |25=25. [[Constance of Arles]]<br /> |26=26. [[Yaroslav the Wise]]<br /> |27=27. [[Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden]]<br /> |28=28. [[Otto, Count of Vermandois]]<br /> |29=29. Pavia<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * ''The Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, with their descendants, Sovereigns and Subjects'', by Messrs. John and John Bernard Burke, London, 1851, vol.2, page xlvii and pedigree XXIX.<br /> * ''Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica'', edited by Joseph Jackson Howard, LL.D.,F.S.A., New Series, volume I, London, 1874, p.&amp;nbsp;337.<br /> * ''Scottish Kings – A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005–1625'' by Sir Archibald H. Dunbar, Bt., Edinburgh, 1899, p.&amp;nbsp;65.<br /> * [[Richard Oram|Oram, Richard]], ''The Canmores: Kings &amp; Queens of the Scots 1040–1290.'' Tempus, Stroud, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7524-2325-8}}<br /> * ''The Bretons'', by Patrick Galliou and Michael Jones, Oxford, 1991, p.&amp;nbsp;191. {{ISBN|0-631-16406-5}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Warenne, Ada De}}<br /> [[Category:House of Dunkeld]]<br /> [[Category:1120s births]]<br /> [[Category:1178 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Scoto-Normans]]<br /> [[Category:People from Haddington, East Lothian]]<br /> [[Category:12th-century Scottish people]]<br /> [[Category:De Warenne family]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Fox&diff=190003676 2018-04-17T16:18:23Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Redirect|Mary Fox|the academic|Mary Frank Fox|the princess of Liechtenstein sometimes known as Mary|Marie Fox}}<br /> {{Infobox nobility<br /> | name = Lady Mary Fox<br /> | image = Lady Mary FitzClarence.jpg<br /> | caption = Lithograph of Lady Mary by [[Richard James Lane]], published in March 1836<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1798|12|19|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Bushy House]], [[Teddington]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1864|7|13|1798|12|19|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = <br /> | place of burial = [[Kensal Green Cemetery]]<br /> | noble family = [[:Category:FitzClarence family|FitzClarence]]<br /> | spouse = [[Charles Richard Fox]]<br /> | father = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]]<br /> | mother = [[Dorothea Jordan]]<br /> | occupation = Writer<br /> }}<br /> [[File:CharlesRichardFoxKensalGreen01.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Lady Mary and Charles Richard Fox at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]]]]<br /> '''Lady Mary Fox''' (née '''FitzClarence'''; 19 December 1798 &amp;ndash; 13 July 1864) was an illegitimate daughter of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV of the United Kingdom]] by his mistress [[Dorothea Jordan]]. In later life she became a writer.<br /> <br /> == Marriage ==<br /> <br /> Mary FitzClarence was born in [[Bushy House]] as the fourth child and second daughter of the then [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Prince William, Duke of Clarence]], and his companion [[Dorothea Jordan]]. She was &quot;a fine looking, brown girl with a pleasant countenance and manners&quot;. In 1820, her younger sister [[Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll|Elizabeth]] was courted by [[Charles Richard Fox]], the eldest but illegitimate son of [[Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland|Lord]] and [[Elizabeth Fox, Baroness Holland|Lady Holland]]. His parents did not consent to the match, but four years later approved of his relationship with Mary.&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The couple married on 19 June 1824 in [[St George's, Hanover Square]], London. Lady Holland worried that she might be &quot;a sickly subject&quot; and wished that the &quot;roturier blood of the mother might have mitigated the royal constitutions&quot;. Her mother-in-law wrote on 31 August that her son, &quot;though fond of her, he only considers her as an auxiliary to his medals and other possessions, not as a principal&quot;, but concluded that &quot;it will all do well; as she is very winning, and very firm, and sincerely fond of him.&quot; The pair established their household in [[Little Holland House]] by 1827. They moved to Canada in September 1829 when Charles resumed active army service.&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Farrell|first=Stephen|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/fox-charles-1796-1873|title=FOX, Charles Richard (1796-1873), of 1 Addison Road, Kensington and 33 South Street, Grosvenor Square, Mdx.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|work=The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820-1832|date=January 2008|accessdate=16 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Father's accession ==<br /> <br /> Mary Fox received from her father the second part of the [[Anthony Roll]], which had been in the possession of the royal family since the reign of [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII of England]], though she was probably not interested in the history of the [[Royal Navy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Loades&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Knighton|first1=C. S.|last2=Loades|first2=David|authorlink2=David Loades|title=The Anthony Roll of Henry VIII's Navy: Pepys Library 2991 and British Library Additional MS 22047 with related documents|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|isbn=0-7546-0094-7|year=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; The death of her uncle, [[George IV of the United Kingdom|King George IV]], in 1830 led to her father's accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover. The new king was anxious to see his daughter return home and had her husband transferred.&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;/&gt; He granted her the rank of a marquess' daughter on 24 May 1831.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Wright|first=C. J.|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=10025&amp;back=|title=Fox, Charles Richard|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|date=January 2008|accessdate=16 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Authorship and Anthony Roll ==<br /> King William IV died in January 1837 and Lady Mary's cousin, [[Queen Victoria|Princess Alexandrina Victoria]], ascended the throne. Later that year, Lady Mary published a [[utopia]]n [[feminist]] [[Gothic fiction]] narrative titled ''An Account of an Expedition to the Interior of New Holland''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pierce&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Pierce|first=Peter|title=The Cambridge History of Australian Literature|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=052188165X|year=2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lady Mary's treatise is the most representative example of the portrayal of [[New Holland (Australia)]] as a mysterious and &quot;unreal&quot; place.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gibson&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Gibson|first=Ross|title=The diminishing paradise: changing literary perceptions of Australia|publisher=Sirius Book|isbn=0207149267|year=1984}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 1857, Sir [[Frederic Madden]], custodian of the manuscripts at the [[British Museum]], learned that Lady Mary wished to sell the roll she was given by her father in order to raise funds for building a church &quot;or something of that kind&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loades&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> For a large part of her later life, Lady Mary served as housekeeper at [[Windsor Castle]].&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;/&gt; She died childless on 13 July 1864.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; She is buried with her husband at [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Mary FitzClarence'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fox, Lady Mary}}<br /> [[Category:1798 births]]<br /> [[Category:1864 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century British people]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century women]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century British women writers]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century British writers]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Fox family (English aristocracy)]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from London]]<br /> [[Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family]]<br /> [[Category:Writers of Gothic fiction]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktoria_von_Hessen-Rotenburg&diff=190870422 2018-04-16T17:24:32Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Royalty<br /> | name = Viktoria of Hesse-Rotenburg<br /> | title = [[Princess of Soubise]]<br /> | image = Johann Heinrich Tischbein d.Ä. - Bildnis der Anna Victoriamaria von Rohan, Prinzessin von Soubise.jpg<br /> | caption = Portrait by [[Johann Heinrich Tischbein]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1728|02|25|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Rotenburg an der Fulda]], [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg|Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br /> | burial_place = [[Rotenburg an der Fulda|Rotenburg Castle]], Germany<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|1792|07|01|1728|02|25|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Charles, Prince of Soubise]]|1745|1787}}; his death<br /> | father = [[Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br /> | mother = Christine of Salm<br /> | religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Viktoria of Hesse-Rotenburg''' (Anna Viktoria Maria Christina; 25 February 1728 &amp;ndash; 1 July 1792&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoire&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00017241&amp;tree=LEO |title=Victoire de Hesse|accessdate= 2010-05-05|last= van de Pas|first= Leo|work= Genealogics .org}}&lt;/ref&gt;) was a princess of Hesse by birth, and the [[Princess of Soubise]] by marriage. Her husband was a renowned French commander, known as the ''Maréchal de Soubise''. She died without descendants.<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Born in [[Rotenburg an der Fulda]] to [[Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg]] and his wife, she was the eldest of four children.&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoire&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> She married [[Charles, Prince of Soubise|Charles de Rohan]], ''[[prince de Soubise]]'' on 23 December 1745 at the [[Rohan Castle|château des Rohan]] in [[Saverne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoire&quot;/&gt; He was head of the [[cadet branch]] of the wealthy and powerful [[House of Rohan]], which, enjoyed the rank of ''[[Foreign Prince|princes étrangers]]'' at the [[court (royal)|court]] of [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]]. <br /> <br /> Her husband was a two-time widower, having been married first to [[Anne Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne]]&lt;ref&gt;daughter of the [[Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668–1730)|4th Duke of Bouillon]]&lt;/ref&gt; (1722–1739), and secondly to [[Anne Therese of Savoy|Princess Anne Thérese of Savoy-Carignan]]&lt;ref&gt;Daughter of [[Victor Amadeus, Prince of Carignan]]&lt;/ref&gt; (1717–1745). Victoire had two step-daughters from these marriages; [[Charlotte de Rohan|Charlotte]], future [[Princess of Condé]] and ''[[Victoire de Rohan|Madame de Guéméné]]'', who became governess of the children of [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]. <br /> <br /> Among her first cousins were King [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia]] and the tragic ''[[princesse de Lamballe]]''.<br /> <br /> Like her husband, she took lovers outside her marriage. In 1757, by order of [[Louis XV]], she was arrested in [[Tournai]], purportedly for having stolen 900,000 ''[[French livre|livres]]'' worth of jewels from her husband in order to run away with her apparent lover, Monsieur de Laval-Montmorency. <br /> <br /> The couple separated and her parents were given a pension of 24,000 livres to take Victoire, exiled from court, to dwell with them at [[Echternach]]. The couple had no children and Victoire died in Paris,&lt;ref name=&quot;Victoire&quot;/&gt; having outlived her husband by five years to the day.<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Princess Viktoria of Hesse-Rotenburg'''<br /> |2= 2. [[Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Christina of Salm]]<br /> |4= 4. [[Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Countess Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort]]<br /> |6= 6. [[Louis Otto, Prince of Salm]]<br /> |7= 7. Princess Albertine of [[House of Nassau|Nassau]]-[[Hadamar]]<br /> |8= 8. [[William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br /> |9= 9. Countess [[Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Maximilian Carl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort]]<br /> |11= 11. Countess [[Maria Polyxena Khuen of Lichtenberg|Maria Polyxena Khuen von Lichtenberg]]<br /> |12= 12. [[Charles Theodore, Prince of Salm]]<br /> |13= 13. [[Luise Marie of the Palatinate|Princess Palatine Luise Marie]]<br /> |14= 14. Moritz Heinrich, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar<br /> |15= 15. Countess Anna Luise of Manderscheid-Blankenheim<br /> |16= 16. [[Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Marie Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg]]<br /> |20= 20. Ferdinand Karl, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort =18<br /> |21= 21. Countess Anna Maria of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg =19<br /> |22= 22. Mathias Khuen, Count von Lichtenberg und Gandegg<br /> |23= 23. Countess Anna Susanna von Meggau zu Kreutzen<br /> |24= 24. [[Leopold Philip Charles, Prince of Salm]]<br /> |25= 25. Countess Maria Anna of Bronckhorst-Anholt<br /> |26= 26. [[Edward of the Palatinate-Simmern|Prince Palatine Edward]]<br /> |27= 27. [[Anna Gonzaga|Princess Anna of Mantua]]<br /> |28= 28. Johann Ludwig, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar<br /> |29= 29. Countess Ursula of Lippe<br /> |30= 30. Salentin Ernst, Count of Manderscheid-Blankenheim<br /> |31= 31. Countess Ernestine Salentine of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Titles and styles==<br /> *'''25 February 1728 &amp;ndash; 23 December 1745''' Princess Viktoria of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg<br /> *'''23 December 1745 &amp;ndash; 1 July 1787''' ''Princess de Soubise<br /> *'''1 July 1787 &amp;ndash; 1 July 1792''' Dowager Princess de Soubise<br /> <br /> ==References and notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Victoria of Hesse-Rotenburg}}<br /> [[Category:1728 births]]<br /> [[Category:1792 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:People from Rotenburg an der Fulda]]<br /> [[Category:House of Hesse-Kassel]]<br /> [[Category:House of Rohan]]<br /> [[Category:Princesses of Soubise]]<br /> [[Category:Duchesses of Rohan-Rohan]]<br /> [[Category:Princesses of Epinoy]]<br /> [[Category:Duchesses of Joyeuse]]<br /> [[Category:Landgravines of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century German people]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isabella_de_Warenne&diff=189370115 2018-04-16T17:07:59Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox nobility<br /> |name =Isabella de Warenne<br /> |title ='''Baroness of Bywell'''<br /> |image =SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpg<br /> |caption =Isabella with her husband<br /> |spouse =[[John of Scotland]]<br /> |issue =[[Edward de Balliol]]<br /> |noble family =[[Plantagenet]]<br /> |father =[[John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |mother =[[Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey]]<br /> |birth_date =c.1253<br /> |birth_place =<br /> |death_date =before 1292<br /> |death_place =<br /> |}}<br /> <br /> '''Isabella de Warenne''' (c.1253- before 1292) was Baroness of Bywell by her marriage to [[John of Scotland|John Balliol]]; there is however doubt that she lived to become his Queen consort when he succeeded to the Scottish throne.<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> Isabella was the second of three children born to [[John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey]] and his wife [[Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey]], maternal half-sister of [[Henry III of England]]. Her elder sister Eleanor, married Henry Percy and became mother of [[Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy]]. Their mother died while giving birth to Isabella's younger brother, William, who was killed in a tournament after he had married Joan de Vere and sired two children.<br /> <br /> == Life ==<br /> On about 9 February 1281 Isabella married John Balliol, who had a claim to the Scottish throne. The marriage lasted about ten years. The Chronicle of Thomas Wykes records the marriage.&lt;ref&gt;[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#John7Surreydied1304 English Earls]&lt;/ref&gt; It has been established that the couple had at least one child:<br /> <br /> * [[Edward de Balliol|Edward Balliol]], [[Pretender|Scottish pretender]], (d.1364). Married to Marguerite de Taranto, daughter of [[Philip I, Prince of Taranto]] (d. 1332) - annulled or divorced with no issue.<br /> <br /> However, other children have been linked to the couple as other possible issue:<br /> * Henry de Balliol. He was killed in the [[Battle of Annan]] on 16 December 1332, leaving no issue.&lt;ref&gt;Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt., ''Scottish Kings - A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005 - 1625'', Edinburgh, 1899: p. 118&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Agnes (or Maud) de Balliol was married to [[Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan]], and feudal Baron of [[Bedale]]. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of Bedale &lt;ref&gt;Norcliffe of Langton, M.A., Charles Best, editor, ''The Visitation of [[Yorkshire]], 1563-64'' by William Flower, [[Norroy King of Arms]], London, 1881, p. 294 and footnotes&lt;/ref&gt; (1291–1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of [[Piers Gaveston]], [[Earl of Cornwall]].<br /> <br /> It is believed that Isabella did not live to see her husband become [[King of Scotland]], so it is likely that she died before 1292, when her husband ascended to the throne. However, some are of the opinion that Isabella did survive long enough to see her husband succeed and then abdicate.<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Isabella de Warenne'''<br /> |2= 2. [[John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Alice de Lusignan, Countess of Surrey|Alice de Lusignan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Maud Marshal]]<br /> |6= 6. [[Hugh X of Lusignan]]<br /> |7= 7. [[Isabella of Angoulême]]<br /> |8= 8. [[Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey]]<br /> |10= 10. [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke]]<br /> |12= 12. [[Hugh IX of Lusignan]]<br /> |13= 13. Agathe de Preuilly<br /> |14= 14. [[Aymer of Angoulême]]<br /> |15= 15. Alice of Courtenay<br /> |16= 16. [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou]]<br /> |17= 17. ''A mistress''<br /> |18= 18. [[William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey]]<br /> |19= 19. Adela of Ponthieu<br /> |20= 20. [[John Marshal (Earl Marshal)|John Marshal]]<br /> |21= 21. Sybilla of Salisbury<br /> |22= 22. [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke]]<br /> |23= 23. [[Aoife MacMurrough]]<br /> |24= 24. Hugues de Lusignan<br /> |25= 25. Orengarde<br /> |26= <br /> |27= <br /> |28= 28. William IV of Angoulême, Count of Angoulême<br /> |29= 29. Marguerite of Turenne<br /> |30= 30. [[Peter I of Courtenay|Peter of Courtenay]]<br /> |31= 31. Elizabeth de Courtenay<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Isabella De Warenne}}<br /> [[Category:1253 births]]<br /> [[Category:1290s deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Daughters of British earls]]<br /> [[Category:House of Balliol]]<br /> [[Category:13th-century Scottish people]]<br /> [[Category:13th-century Scottish women]]<br /> [[Category:13th-century English people]]<br /> [[Category:13th-century English women]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badr_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud&diff=202030154 2018-04-16T15:26:47Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Badr bin Abdulaziz <br /> | title = <br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | spouse= Hessa bint Abdullah Al Sudairi<br /> | issue = Prince Fahd<br /> | full name = Badr bin Abdulaziz Al Saud<br /> | styles = <br /> | succession = Deputy Commander of National Guard <br /> | reign = 1967 – 2010<br /> | reign-type = In office<br /> | reg-type = Monarch<br /> | regent = [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|King Faisal]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Khalid of Saudi Arabia|King Khalid]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|King Abdullah]]<br /> | father = [[Ibn Saud|King Abdulaziz]]<br /> | mother = Haya bint Sa'ad Al Sudairi<br /> | birth_date = 1932<br /> | death_date =1 April {{death year and age|2013|1932}} <br /> | house = [[House of Saud]]<br /> | religion = Islam<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Badr bin Abdulaziz''' (1932 – 1 April 2013) ({{lang-ar|بدر بن عبد العزيز آل سعود}}) was a long-term deputy commander of the [[Saudi National Guard]] and a senior member of the [[House of Saud|Saudi royal family]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Prince Badr was born in 1932.&lt;ref name=zaw8nov&gt;{{cite news|title=The new Saudi order|url=http://www.zawya.com/story/The_new_Saudi_order-ZAWYA20121108033507/|accessdate=1 April 2013|work=Zawya|date=8 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the 20th son of [[Ibn Saud|King Abdulaziz]].&lt;ref name=aar1apr/&gt; His mother was Haya bint Sa'ad Al Sudairi, who died in [[Riyadh]] on 18 April 2003 of unstated causes at the age of 90 and was also buried in the aforementioned city.&lt;ref name=albawaba&gt;{{cite news|title=One of the wives of King Abdulaziz dies|url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/one-wives-king-abdul-aziz-dies|accessdate=22 January 2013|work=Albawaba|date=3 May 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was a member of powerful Sudairi family.&lt;ref name=albawaba/&gt; Prince Badr's full brothers were late [[Abdul-Majeed bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud|Prince Abdul Majeed]] and [[Abdul-Ilah bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud|Prince Abdul Ilah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Princess Haya, 90; Wife of a Founder of Modern Saudi Arabia|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/may/05/local/me-passings5.2|accessdate=4 May 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=5 May 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sun7may&gt;{{cite news|title=Princess Haya Bint Saad Al Sudairi, 90, Wife of Modern Saudi Arabia Founder|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-05-07/news/0305060597_1_sudairi-king-abdul-aziz-prince-abdul-illah-bin|accessdate=2 April 2013|newspaper=Sun Sentinel|date=7 May 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prince Badr was educated in Riyadh.&lt;ref name=men2apr&gt;{{cite news|title=Prince Badr mourned|url=http://www.menafn.com/menafn/1093624102/Saudi-Prince-Badr-mourned|accessdate=2 April 2013|work=MENAFN|date=2 April 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407001806/http://www.menafn.com/menafn/1093624102/Saudi-Prince-Badr-mourned|archivedate=7 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Free Princes involvement==<br /> Badr bin Abdulaziz together with [[Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Prince Talal]] and [[Fawwaz bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Prince Fawwaz]] participated in the [[Free Princes Movement]] lasting from 1962 to 1964&lt;ref name=shenderson94&gt;{{cite web|author=Simon Henderson|title=After King Fahd|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PP_37_AFTERKINGFAHD.pdf|work=Washington Institute|accessdate=2 February 2013|format=Policy Paper|year=1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;washingtoninstitute.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Simon Henderson|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus96.pdf|title=After King Abdullah|work=Washington Institute|accessdate=28 July 2012|format=Policy Paper|date=August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; and lived in exile, mostly in [[Beirut]] and [[Cairo]]. He was rehabilitated by [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|King Faisal]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> [[King Saud]] appointed Prince Badr as minister of transport in 1960 and then minister of communications in 1961.&lt;ref name=aar1apr&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi Prince Bader Bin Abdul Aziz dies at age 81|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/04/01/Saudi-Prince-Bader-Bin-Abdul-Aziz-dies-at-age-81.html|accessdate=1 April 2013|work=Al Arabiya|date=1 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=gnews1apr/&gt;&lt;ref name=Oron&gt;{{cite book|author=Yitzhak Oron, Ed.|title=Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzZ71Eh5QvMC&amp;pg=PA419|accessdate=11 April 2013|publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center|pages=419|id=GGKEY:4Q1FXYK79X8}}&lt;/ref&gt; His tenure lasted just for one year until his participation to the Free Princes Movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Islam Yasin Qasem|title=Neo-rentier theory: The case of Saudi Arabia (1950-2000)|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/14746/doctoral%20thesis.PDF?sequence=1|publisher=Leiden University|accessdate=13 May 2012|date=16 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; After his rehabilitation by [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|King Faisal]], Prince Badr was appointed deputy commander of Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) in 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi Succession Developments|url=http://www.foreignreports.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Saudi-Succession-Developments.pdf|work=Foreign Reports|accessdate=25 April 2012|date=28 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, he was part of the Saudi delegations in charge of different international missions.&lt;ref name=men2apr/&gt;<br /> <br /> He also supervised the Janadriah, an annual cultural festival held in and around Riyadh.&lt;ref name=ata&gt;{{cite journal|last=Taheri|first=Amir|title=Saudi Arabia: Change Begins within the Family|journal=The Journal of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy|year=2012|volume=34|issue=3|pages=138 143|doi=10.1080/10803920.2012.686725}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although King Abdullah supported him, Prince Badr tended to keep a low profile and did not take part in power struggles within the family.&lt;ref name=ata/&gt; As deputy commander of the SANG he was appointed as a member to the newly founded [[National Security Council (Saudi Arabia)|National Security Council]] in 2005.&lt;ref name=wire20oct&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia: Security Reforms and the House of Saud|url=http://www.lebanonwire.com/1005/05102001STR.asp|accessdate=6 April 2013|work=Lebanonwire (Stratfor)|date=20 October 2005|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320125225/http://lebanonwire.com/1005/05102001STR.asp|archivedate=20 March 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, he became a member of [[Allegiance Council|the allegiance council]] of Saudi Arabia, which is in charge of succession, when it was formed in 2007.&lt;ref name=wleaks28oct/&gt;<br /> <br /> Prince Badr, the long-serving deputy commander of the SANG, had asked to be relieved from that role due to health concerns in November 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi king transfers National Guard duties to son|url=http://freshinitiative.net/world/news/8588-saudi-king-transfers-national-guard-duties-to-son|accessdate=26 May 2012|work=SPA|year=2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215152053/http://freshinitiative.net/world/news/8588-saudi-king-transfers-national-guard-duties-to-son|archivedate=15 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=mur19nov&gt;{{cite news|author=Caryle Murphy|title=King Abdullah puts son in charge of national guard|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/king-abdullah-puts-son-in-charge-of-national-guard|accessdate=6 April 2013|newspaper=The National|date=19 November 2010|location=Riyadh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minutes later, the agency announced that his request had been accepted.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Simon Henderson|title=The Geriatric Politics of the Oil Kingdom|url=http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=21842&amp;pageid=&amp;pagename=|work=The Cutting Edge|accessdate=13 April 2012|date=29 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Prince Badr steps down, Prince Mit'eb appointed new commander of the National Guard|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101117.htm|work=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tokyo|accessdate=4 May 2012|date=17 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prince Badr was referred to as an adviser to [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|King Abdullah]] in United States diplomatic cables.&lt;ref name=wleaks28oct&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi Succession: Can the Allegiance Commission Work?|url=http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=09RIYADH1434|accessdate=2 April 2013|work=Wikileaks|date=28 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi Succession: What Happens If Crown Prince Sultan Dies Before the King?|url=http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=08RIYADH1757|work=Wikileaks|accessdate=5 May 2012|date=25 November 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215164027/http://www.cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=08RIYADH1757|archivedate=15 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Prince Badr married Hessa bint Abdullah Al Sudairi, daughter of his maternal uncle.&lt;ref name=artemisia&gt;{{cite web|title=Death of Prince Badr bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|url=http://artemisiasroyalden.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/death-of-prince-badr-bin-abdulaziz-al-saud/|work=Artemisia's Royal Den|accessdate=21 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; They had seven children, four daughters and three sons.&lt;ref name=artemisia/&gt; Eldest son Fahd is the governor of [[Al Jawf Province]].&lt;ref name=Sharaf2001&gt;{{cite book|author=Sabri Sharaf|title=The House of Saud in Commerce: A Study of Royal Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51Bb8Ix7xw8C&amp;pg=PA124|accessdate=2 April 2013|year=2001|publisher=Sharaf Sabri|isbn=978-81-901254-0-6|page=124}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prince Fahd's spouse is Sarah bint Abdullah, daughter of King Abdullah and Hessa bint Trad Al Shaalan.&lt;ref name=artemisia/&gt;<br /> <br /> Prince Badr is reported to never have had a high public profile. Furthermore, he never exerted a large amount of executive control over the Guard during his tenure, though his influence there cannot be denied.&lt;ref name=datar10&gt;{{cite web|author=Talal Kapoor|title=King Abdallah's Hospitalization - Succession Endgame?|url=http://www.datarabia.com/royals/viewCommentary.do?id=25002&amp;pageNum=2|work=Datarabia|accessdate=8 June 2012|date=22 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> Prince Badr died on 1 April 2013 at the age of 81.&lt;ref name=gnews1apr&gt;{{cite news|title=Saudi Prince Bader bin Abdulaziz dies|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/saudi-arabia/saudi-prince-bader-bin-abdul-aziz-dies-1.1165344|accessdate=1 April 2013|newspaper=Gulf News|date=1 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Royal Court: Prince Badr bin Abdulaziz Al Saud dies |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/en/article/822485|newspaper=Al Riyadh|date=1 April 2013|accessdate=1 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Funeral prayers for him were held after [[Asr prayer]] at Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque in Riyadh on 2 April.&lt;ref name=spa3apr&gt;{{cite news|title=King Abdullah performs funeral prayer for Prince Bandar bin Abdulaziz|url=http://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/CONT-news-03042013%205/!ut/p/b1/jZFZkqJAAETP0gfQqoJi8RMQAZfSYocfAsENKHAQZDl9dx9gxvnMiHwRLyNBDEIQ1-n7cUu7R1On1W-OxUQxNNWxMAePkougJUgarwgIQYRAAEIz68d1s1XW1vru84bwCti4v6gWU2f9Tr3A6-V0ONC95jiL98vtEhxd7XEsTm1cDI5JG4nny0Wu1GHC0yM3i5Nx1TJa-lOLm_p2ZDJ3uW6SOtnkmT6I_hT1qLXWB1V3MryLA3qiYu_u5kev1dciS4h7aI3b19ePfPQPeQ592vaBh__Ha4ZiYmkPobw3BGgppmevKM9Dij_xzqUGxGzYBUQ_VemvVRMCF4QQJ04xPa25nO1itk9ELydSeDOafctduzZxN1uSa4joECIdHTvvviWux5EiQofcPOW-7amKEqe-8ARbED_ObDlkbAmXgijxnAyxjLiVuMLALzJO-n1ct8K7LxmxziLvfBkOFa0eFOswbnRUHsfq1Qz9u4XndOhbec5qU4oxgy7WFOpF8lzzfbruoNaSAKu4V81mY2zLIm-bgy5BTxwWcvSHU7b5VJMZDWKDik0-sXcea0Jl38Iul2hHbld5xkwM-cKxPPN1mx7uqmPnS6D41YYbosl3SdubYxLVEZJ8kZ44jxATPNl7t9tj482Ur2_SW91N/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|accessdate=6 April 2013|date=3 April 2013|work=SPA|location=Riyadh}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Badr bin Abdulaziz Al Saud'''<br /> |2= 2. [[Ibn Saud|Abdulaziz ibn Saud]]<br /> |3= 3. Haya bint Sa'ad Al Sudairi<br /> |4= 4. [[Abdul Rahman bin Faisal]]<br /> |5= 5. Sarah bint Ahmed Al Kabir bin Mohammed Al Sudairi<br /> |6= 6. Sa'ad Al Sudairi<br /> |8= 8. [[Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud]]<br /> |9= 9. Sarah bint Mishari bin Abdulrahman bin Hassan Al Saud<br /> |10= 10. Ahmed Al Kabir bin Mohammed bin Turki Al Sudairi<br /> |16= 16. [[Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad]]<br /> |17= 17. Hia bint Hamad bin Ali Al Faqih Angari Tamimi<br /> |18= 18. Mishari bin Abdulrahman bin Hassan Al Saud<br /> |20= 20. Mohammed bin Turki bin Suleiman Al Sudairi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}<br /> <br /> {{Sons of ibn Saud}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Badr bin Abdulaziz Al}}<br /> [[Category:1932 births]]<br /> [[Category:2013 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Government ministers of Saudi Arabia]]<br /> [[Category:Saudi Arabian military personnel]]<br /> [[Category:Sons of Ibn Saud|Badr]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_FitzClarence&diff=190005512 2018-04-15T13:26:58Z

<p>Frietjes: /* Military career */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | name = Lord Frederick FitzClarence<br /> | image = Lord Frederick FitzClarence.jpg<br /> | caption = Lord Frederick FitzClarence<br /> | birth_date = 9 December 1799 <br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1854|10|30|1799|12|9|df=yes}}<br /> | placeofburial_label= <br /> | placeofburial =<br /> | birth_place =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | nickname =<br /> | allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]<br /> | branch = [[Image:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]<br /> | serviceyears =1814–1854<br /> | rank = [[Lieutenant-General]]<br /> | unit =<br /> | commands = [[Bombay Army]]<br /> | battles =<br /> | awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> | spouse = Lady Augusta Boyle<br /> | relations = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] (father)&lt;br/&gt;[[Dorothea Jordan]] (mother)<br /> | laterwork =<br /> }}<br /> [[Lieutenant-General]] '''Lord Frederick FitzClarence''', [[Royal Guelphic Order|GCH]] (9 December 1799 &amp;ndash; 30 October 1854) was a [[British Army]] officer as well as being the illegitimate third son of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV]] and his mistress, [[Dorothea Jordan]].<br /> <br /> {{stack|[[File:Bookplate-Lord Frederick Fitzclarence.jpg|thumb|alt=A bookplate showing the coat of arms of Lord Frederick FitzClarence|[[Bookplate]] showing the [[coat of arms]] of Lord Frederick FitzClarence. The bookplate reads, &quot;This belonged to my Father when [[Duke of Clarence]] and was left to me by the Will of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]&quot;]]}}<br /> ==Military career==<br /> FitzClarence was commissioned as an officer in the [[British Army]] in 1814.&lt;ref name=gent&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=EO-R3EsTRYYC&amp;pg=PA376-IA2&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=0_2#PPA304,M1 Lord Frederick FitzClarence obituary] ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'', 1855, p.304&lt;/ref&gt; While a [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[Coldstream Guards]], FitzClarence commanded a small detachment of Guards to act in support of the police with the arrest of the [[Cato Street Conspiracy|Cato Street conspirators]] in 1820.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; The arrest was not straightforward, and a scuffle ensued.&lt;ref&gt;''Morning Chronicle'', Thursday, 24 February 1820, as replicated on [http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/distress/cato3.htm A Web of English History]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Frederick FitzClarence gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the [[36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot]].&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; On 24 May 1831 he was granted the rank of a marquess' younger son.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; Having been invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]] (G.C.H.) that same year, he became [[List of Governors of Portsmouth|Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth]] and General Officer Commanding [[Southern Command (United Kingdom)|South-West District]] in 1847&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/nostalgia/final-resting-place-for-two-horses-1-5023160|title=Final resting place for two horses|publisher=Portsmouth News|date=21 April 2013|accessdate=4 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and then Commander-in-Chief of the [[Bombay Army]] in 1852.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA123&amp;lpg=PA123&amp;dq=Major-General+McDowall+madras&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=enNBX0nzU8&amp;sig=PepS4U0ycGk1jML9OLNiszFoJ5E&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=uRvYUY3gGYml0QWUyoGADg&amp;ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Major-General%20McDowall%20madras&amp;f=false The India List and India Office List]&lt;/ref&gt; He died in office in October 1854.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family==<br /> On 19 May 1821, he married Lady Augusta Boyle (d. 28 July 1876), the eldest daughter of the [[George Boyle, 4th Earl of Glasgow|4th Earl of Glasgow]]. They had two children:<br /> <br /> *Augusta FitzClarence (December 1824 – 18 October 1865)<br /> *William FitzClarence (b. &amp; d. 1827)<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Lord Frederick FitzClarence'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-mil}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Hercules Robert Pakenham|Sir Hercules Pakenham]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Southern Command (United Kingdom)|GOC South-West District]]|years=1847&amp;ndash;1851}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[George Charles D'Aguilar|Sir George D'Aguilar]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[John Grey (British Army officer)|Sir John Grey]]}} <br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Bombay Army|C-in-C, Bombay Army]]|years=1852–1854}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Henry Somerset (British Army officer)|Sir Henry Somerset]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box | title=Colonel of the [[36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot]] | before=Sir [[Roger Hale Sheaffe]], Bt | after=[[William Henry Scott (soldier)|William Henry Scott]] | years=1751–1754}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-npo|mason}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[George Leslie, 15th Earl of Rothes|The Earl of Rothes]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Scotland|Grand Master of the&lt;br /&gt;Grand Lodge of Scotland]]|years=1841–1843}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl|Lord Glenlyon]]}}<br /> {{s-hon}}<br /> {{succession box | before=[[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster|The Earl of Munster]] | title=[[Lieutenant of the Tower of London]] | years=1833 | after=[[John Sulivan Wood]]}}<br /> {{end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzclarence, Lord Frederick}}<br /> [[Category:1799 births]]<br /> [[Category:1854 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> [[Category:Younger sons of marquesses]]&lt;!--granted rank 1831--&gt;<br /> [[Category:36th Regiment of Foot officers]]<br /> [[Category:Coldstream Guards officers]]<br /> [[Category:British Army generals]]<br /> [[Category:Equerries]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_FitzClarence&diff=190005511 2018-04-15T13:26:39Z

<p>Frietjes: /* Military career */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | name = Lord Frederick FitzClarence<br /> | image = Lord Frederick FitzClarence.jpg<br /> | caption = Lord Frederick FitzClarence<br /> | birth_date = 9 December 1799 <br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1854|10|30|1799|12|9|df=yes}}<br /> | placeofburial_label= <br /> | placeofburial =<br /> | birth_place =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | nickname =<br /> | allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]<br /> | branch = [[Image:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]<br /> | serviceyears =1814–1854<br /> | rank = [[Lieutenant-General]]<br /> | unit =<br /> | commands = [[Bombay Army]]<br /> | battles =<br /> | awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> | spouse = Lady Augusta Boyle<br /> | relations = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] (father)&lt;br/&gt;[[Dorothea Jordan]] (mother)<br /> | laterwork =<br /> }}<br /> [[Lieutenant-General]] '''Lord Frederick FitzClarence''', [[Royal Guelphic Order|GCH]] (9 December 1799 &amp;ndash; 30 October 1854) was a [[British Army]] officer as well as being the illegitimate third son of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV]] and his mistress, [[Dorothea Jordan]].<br /> <br /> ==Military career==<br /> {{stack|[[File:Bookplate-Lord Frederick Fitzclarence.jpg|thumb|alt=A bookplate showing the coat of arms of Lord Frederick FitzClarence|[[Bookplate]] showing the [[coat of arms]] of Lord Frederick FitzClarence. The bookplate reads, &quot;This belonged to my Father when [[Duke of Clarence]] and was left to me by the Will of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]&quot;]]}}<br /> <br /> FitzClarence was commissioned as an officer in the [[British Army]] in 1814.&lt;ref name=gent&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=EO-R3EsTRYYC&amp;pg=PA376-IA2&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=0_2#PPA304,M1 Lord Frederick FitzClarence obituary] ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'', 1855, p.304&lt;/ref&gt; While a [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[Coldstream Guards]], FitzClarence commanded a small detachment of Guards to act in support of the police with the arrest of the [[Cato Street Conspiracy|Cato Street conspirators]] in 1820.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; The arrest was not straightforward, and a scuffle ensued.&lt;ref&gt;''Morning Chronicle'', Thursday, 24 February 1820, as replicated on [http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/distress/cato3.htm A Web of English History]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Frederick FitzClarence gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the [[36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot]].&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; On 24 May 1831 he was granted the rank of a marquess' younger son.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; Having been invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]] (G.C.H.) that same year, he became [[List of Governors of Portsmouth|Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth]] and General Officer Commanding [[Southern Command (United Kingdom)|South-West District]] in 1847&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/nostalgia/final-resting-place-for-two-horses-1-5023160|title=Final resting place for two horses|publisher=Portsmouth News|date=21 April 2013|accessdate=4 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and then Commander-in-Chief of the [[Bombay Army]] in 1852.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA123&amp;lpg=PA123&amp;dq=Major-General+McDowall+madras&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=enNBX0nzU8&amp;sig=PepS4U0ycGk1jML9OLNiszFoJ5E&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=uRvYUY3gGYml0QWUyoGADg&amp;ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Major-General%20McDowall%20madras&amp;f=false The India List and India Office List]&lt;/ref&gt; He died in office in October 1854.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family==<br /> On 19 May 1821, he married Lady Augusta Boyle (d. 28 July 1876), the eldest daughter of the [[George Boyle, 4th Earl of Glasgow|4th Earl of Glasgow]]. They had two children:<br /> <br /> *Augusta FitzClarence (December 1824 – 18 October 1865)<br /> *William FitzClarence (b. &amp; d. 1827)<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Lord Frederick FitzClarence'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-mil}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Hercules Robert Pakenham|Sir Hercules Pakenham]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Southern Command (United Kingdom)|GOC South-West District]]|years=1847&amp;ndash;1851}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[George Charles D'Aguilar|Sir George D'Aguilar]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[John Grey (British Army officer)|Sir John Grey]]}} <br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Bombay Army|C-in-C, Bombay Army]]|years=1852–1854}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Henry Somerset (British Army officer)|Sir Henry Somerset]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box | title=Colonel of the [[36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot]] | before=Sir [[Roger Hale Sheaffe]], Bt | after=[[William Henry Scott (soldier)|William Henry Scott]] | years=1751–1754}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-npo|mason}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[George Leslie, 15th Earl of Rothes|The Earl of Rothes]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Scotland|Grand Master of the&lt;br /&gt;Grand Lodge of Scotland]]|years=1841–1843}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl|Lord Glenlyon]]}}<br /> {{s-hon}}<br /> {{succession box | before=[[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster|The Earl of Munster]] | title=[[Lieutenant of the Tower of London]] | years=1833 | after=[[John Sulivan Wood]]}}<br /> {{end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzclarence, Lord Frederick}}<br /> [[Category:1799 births]]<br /> [[Category:1854 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> [[Category:Younger sons of marquesses]]&lt;!--granted rank 1831--&gt;<br /> [[Category:36th Regiment of Foot officers]]<br /> [[Category:Coldstream Guards officers]]<br /> [[Category:British Army generals]]<br /> [[Category:Equerries]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_FitzClarence&diff=190005510 2018-04-15T13:25:40Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | name = Lord Frederick FitzClarence<br /> | image = Lord Frederick FitzClarence.jpg<br /> | caption = Lord Frederick FitzClarence<br /> | birth_date = 9 December 1799 <br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1854|10|30|1799|12|9|df=yes}}<br /> | placeofburial_label= <br /> | placeofburial =<br /> | birth_place =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | nickname =<br /> | allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]<br /> | branch = [[Image:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]<br /> | serviceyears =1814–1854<br /> | rank = [[Lieutenant-General]]<br /> | unit =<br /> | commands = [[Bombay Army]]<br /> | battles =<br /> | awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> | spouse = Lady Augusta Boyle<br /> | relations = [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] (father)&lt;br/&gt;[[Dorothea Jordan]] (mother)<br /> | laterwork =<br /> }}<br /> [[Lieutenant-General]] '''Lord Frederick FitzClarence''', [[Royal Guelphic Order|GCH]] (9 December 1799 &amp;ndash; 30 October 1854) was a [[British Army]] officer as well as being the illegitimate third son of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV]] and his mistress, [[Dorothea Jordan]].<br /> <br /> ==Military career==<br /> FitzClarence was commissioned as an officer in the [[British Army]] in 1814.&lt;ref name=gent&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=EO-R3EsTRYYC&amp;pg=PA376-IA2&amp;source=gbs_selected_pages&amp;cad=0_2#PPA304,M1 Lord Frederick FitzClarence obituary] ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'', 1855, p.304&lt;/ref&gt; While a [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the [[Coldstream Guards]], FitzClarence commanded a small detachment of Guards to act in support of the police with the arrest of the [[Cato Street Conspiracy|Cato Street conspirators]] in 1820.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; The arrest was not straightforward, and a scuffle ensued.&lt;ref&gt;''Morning Chronicle'', Thursday, 24 February 1820, as replicated on [http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/distress/cato3.htm A Web of English History]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Frederick FitzClarence gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the [[36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot]].&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; On 24 May 1831 he was granted the rank of a marquess' younger son.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt; Having been invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]] (G.C.H.) that same year, he became [[List of Governors of Portsmouth|Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth]] and General Officer Commanding [[Southern Command (United Kingdom)|South-West District]] in 1847&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/nostalgia/final-resting-place-for-two-horses-1-5023160|title=Final resting place for two horses|publisher=Portsmouth News|date=21 April 2013|accessdate=4 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; and then Commander-in-Chief of the [[Bombay Army]] in 1852.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA123&amp;lpg=PA123&amp;dq=Major-General+McDowall+madras&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=enNBX0nzU8&amp;sig=PepS4U0ycGk1jML9OLNiszFoJ5E&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=uRvYUY3gGYml0QWUyoGADg&amp;ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q=Major-General%20McDowall%20madras&amp;f=false The India List and India Office List]&lt;/ref&gt; He died in office in October 1854.&lt;ref name=gent/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Bookplate-Lord Frederick Fitzclarence.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A bookplate showing the coat of arms of Lord Frederick FitzClarence|[[Bookplate]] showing the [[coat of arms]] of Lord Frederick FitzClarence. The bookplate reads, &quot;This belonged to my Father when [[Duke of Clarence]] and was left to me by the Will of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]&quot;]]<br /> <br /> ==Family==<br /> On 19 May 1821, he married Lady Augusta Boyle (d. 28 July 1876), the eldest daughter of the [[George Boyle, 4th Earl of Glasgow|4th Earl of Glasgow]]. They had two children:<br /> <br /> *Augusta FitzClarence (December 1824 – 18 October 1865)<br /> *William FitzClarence (b. &amp; d. 1827)<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |1= 1. '''Lord Frederick FitzClarence'''<br /> |2= 2. [[William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Dorothea Jordan|Dorothy Jordan]]<br /> |4= 4. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |6= 6. Francis Bland<br /> |7= 7. Grace Phillips<br /> |8= 8. [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]]<br /> |9= 9. [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]<br /> |10= 10. [[Charles Louis Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Mirow]]<br /> |11= 11. [[Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |12= 12. Nathaniel Bland<br /> |13= 13. Elizabeth Heaton<br /> |16= 16. [[George II of Great Britain]]<br /> |17= 17. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br /> |18= 18. [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br /> |19= 19. [[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br /> |20= 20. [[Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br /> |21= 21. Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen<br /> |22= 22. [[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br /> |23= 23. Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach<br /> |24= 24. James Bland<br /> |25= 25. Lucy Brewster<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-mil}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[Hercules Robert Pakenham|Sir Hercules Pakenham]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Southern Command (United Kingdom)|GOC South-West District]]|years=1847&amp;ndash;1851}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[George Charles D'Aguilar|Sir George D'Aguilar]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[John Grey (British Army officer)|Sir John Grey]]}} <br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[Bombay Army|C-in-C, Bombay Army]]|years=1852–1854}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Henry Somerset (British Army officer)|Sir Henry Somerset]]}}<br /> |-<br /> {{succession box | title=Colonel of the [[36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot]] | before=Sir [[Roger Hale Sheaffe]], Bt | after=[[William Henry Scott (soldier)|William Henry Scott]] | years=1751–1754}}<br /> |-<br /> {{s-npo|mason}}<br /> {{s-bef|before=[[George Leslie, 15th Earl of Rothes|The Earl of Rothes]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Scotland|Grand Master of the&lt;br /&gt;Grand Lodge of Scotland]]|years=1841–1843}}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl|Lord Glenlyon]]}}<br /> {{s-hon}}<br /> {{succession box | before=[[George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster|The Earl of Munster]] | title=[[Lieutenant of the Tower of London]] | years=1833 | after=[[John Sulivan Wood]]}}<br /> {{end}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fitzclarence, Lord Frederick}}<br /> [[Category:1799 births]]<br /> [[Category:1854 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:FitzClarence family]]<br /> [[Category:Illegitimate children of William IV of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order]]<br /> [[Category:Younger sons of marquesses]]&lt;!--granted rank 1831--&gt;<br /> [[Category:36th Regiment of Foot officers]]<br /> [[Category:Coldstream Guards officers]]<br /> [[Category:British Army generals]]<br /> [[Category:Equerries]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_von_Portugal&diff=188081317 2018-04-14T16:07:15Z

<p>Frietjes: update ahnentafel syntax per TfD</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Luís of Portugal<br /> | title = Duke of Beja<br /> | image = Portrait of Infante Luis, Duke of Beja, Belem Collection.JPG<br /> | spouse = <br /> | issue =<br /> | house = [[House of Aviz]]<br /> | father = [[Manuel I of Portugal]]<br /> | mother = [[Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal|Maria of Aragon]]<br /> | birth_date = 3 March 1506<br /> | birth_place = [[Abrantes]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1555|11|27|1506|3|3}}<br /> | death_place = [[Marvila (Lisbon)|Marvila]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]<br /> | burial_date = <br /> | burial_place = <br /> | religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Infante Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja''' (3 March 1506, in [[Abrantes]] &amp;ndash; 27 November 1555, in [[Marvila (Lisbon)|Marvila]], in [[Lisbon]]) was the second son of King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] and his second wife [[Maria of Aragon (1482-1517)|Maria of Aragon]] (the third daughter of the [[Catholic Monarchs]]). He participated in the Conquest of Tunis.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> [[Image:Príncipe D. Luís, duque de beja.jpg|thumb|left|Luís in the ''Triptych of the Infantes''; by the [[Master of Lourinhã]], 1516.]]<br /> Luís succeeded his father as the [[Duke of Beja]] and was also made Constable of the Kingdom (Portuguese: ''Condestável do Reino'') and [[Prior]] of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of Saint John of Jerusalem]], with its Portuguese headquarters in the town of [[Crato, Portugal|Crato]].<br /> <br /> == Conquest of Tunis ==<br /> In the [[Conquest of Tunis (1535)]] Luís, brother-in-law of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], commanded the Portuguese army. The Portuguese galleon ''São João Baptista'', also known as ''[[Botafogo (galleon)|Botafogo]]'' was specifically requested by Charles V, and it was the most powerful ship in the world at the time, with 366 bronze cannons. It was the ''Botafogo'' [[spur ram]] that broke up the chains at [[La Goletta]], which defended the port entrance of [[Tunis]], allowing the Christian allied fleet to reach and conquer the city.&lt;ref&gt;Panorama (1841) Vol.5 [https://books.google.pt/books?pg=PA384&amp;id=OTQ9AQAAIAAJ], pp.384.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> He did not marry but had a natural son by Yolande Gomes, ''a Pelicana'' (the she-[[pelican]]), a [[New Christian]], who is said to have died a [[Nun]] in [[Almoster]], [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], on 16 July 1568, daughter of Pedro Gomes, from [[Évora]]. Some say they eventually married perhaps at [[Évora]], thus legitimating their issue for every purpose.<br /> <br /> Their son [[António, Prior of Crato]], would be one of the claimants to the throne after the death of King [[Sebastian of Portugal]] in the disastrous [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]] and the subsequent [[1580 Portuguese succession crisis|dynastic crisis]] that followed, and, according to some historians, the King of Portugal for approximately a month in the year 1580.<br /> <br /> They may have also had other sons named Juan Gomez de Portugal (1536-1610), and Joanes Gomez de Portugal (b.1540). Juan would become one of the founders of Villa de Santa María de los Lagos, Nueva Galicia (later renamed [[Lagos de Moreno]]) in present-day Jalisco, Mexico on 31 March 1563.<br /> <br /> ==Ancestry==<br /> {{ahnentafel<br /> |collapsed=yes |align=center<br /> |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br /> |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;<br /> |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br /> |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;<br /> |boxstyle_6=background-color: #fcc;<br /> |1= 1. '''Luís of Portugal'''<br /> |2= 2. [[Manuel I of Portugal]]<br /> |3= 3. [[Maria of Aragon (1482-1517)|Maria of Aragon]]<br /> |4= 4. [[Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu]]<br /> |5= 5. [[Beatriz of Portugal (1430-1506)|Infanta Beatriz of Portugal]]<br /> |6= 6. [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]<br /> |7= 7. [[Isabella I of Castile]]<br /> |8= 8. [[Edward of Portugal]] <br /> |9= 9. [[Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal|Eleanor of Aragon]] <br /> |10= 10. [[Infante João, Lord of Reguengos]] (= 30)<br /> |11= 11. [[Isabella of Barcelos]] (= 31)<br /> |12= 12. [[John II of Aragon]] <br /> |13= 13. [[Juana Enríquez]] <br /> |14= 14. [[John II of Castile]]<br /> |15= 15. [[Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile|Isabella of Portugal]] <br /> |16= 16. [[John I of Portugal]] (= 20)<br /> |17= 17. [[Philippa of Lancaster]] (= 21)<br /> |18= 18. [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] (= 24)<br /> |19= 19. [[Eleanor of Alburquerque]] (= 25)<br /> |20= 20. [[John I of Portugal]] (= 16)<br /> |21= 21. [[Philippa of Lancaster]] (= 17)<br /> |22= 22. [[Afonso, 1st Duke of Braganza]] <br /> |23= 23. [[Beatriz Pereira de Alvim]] <br /> |24= 24. [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] (= 18)<br /> |25= 25. [[Eleanor of Alburquerque]] (= 19)<br /> |26= 26. [[Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza]]<br /> |27= 27. [[Mariana Fernández de Córdoba y Ayala]] <br /> |28= 28. [[Henry III of Castile]]<br /> |29= 29. [[Katherine of Lancaster]]<br /> |30= 30. [[Infante João, Lord of Reguengos]] (= 10)<br /> |31= 31. [[Isabella of Barcelos]] (= 11)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Duke of Beja]]<br /> *[[Conquest of Tunis (1535)]]<br /> *[[Botafogo (galleon)]]<br /> *[[João de Sá Panasco]]<br /> *[[Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> ''Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil'' – Vol. I, pages 382/384. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.<br /> <br /> {{Portuguese infantes}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Luis, Duke Of Beja, Infante}}<br /> [[Category:1506 births]]<br /> [[Category:1555 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:House of Aviz]]<br /> [[Category:Dukes of Beja|105]]<br /> [[Category:Portuguese infantes]]<br /> [[Category:Portuguese nobility]]<br /> [[Category:Portuguese Roman Catholics]]<br /> [[Category:People from Abrantes]]<br /> [[Category:16th-century Portuguese people]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Portugal-royal-stub}}</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itziar_Itu%C3%B1o&diff=178211641 2018-04-13T10:55:30Z

<p>Frietjes: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{infobox person|image=Itziarituñosansebastian.png}}<br /> '''Itziar Ituño Martínez''' is a Spanish actress.<br /> <br /> == Life ==<br /> Itziar Ituño studied acting at the Basauri Theater School. She also studyied sociology. Her mother tongue is [[Castilian]] but she learned [[Basque language|Basque]] at age 19, which allowed her to play on television series on Basque public channels.<br /> <br /> She appeared for the first time on television in the Basque film ''Agur Olentzero, agur'' (Goodbye Olentzero, goodbye) which was released in 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.adictosalcine.com/reparto/pelicula/agur-olentzero-agur/8674/|title=Reparto de la película Agur, olentzero, agur - Actores de Agur, olentzero, agur, Actrices de Agur, olentzero, agur - Adictosalcine.com|last=Adictosalcine.com|website=www.adictosalcine.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008 she started playing in the ''[[Goenkale]] ''series. In this television series, she played Nekane Beitia, a lesbian policewoman from the fictional village of Arralde. She stayed until 2015, when the show was canceled. This role increased her visibility in the [[Basque Country]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eitb.eus/eu/telebista/programak/goenkale/osoa/2697102/nekane-beitia--goenkaleko-pertsonaiak/|title=Nekane Beitia|last=Vasca|first=EiTB Radio Televisión Pública|website=www.eitb.eus|language=eu-ES|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.formulatv.com/noticias/43846/goenkale-mitica-serie-etb1-finaliza-21-anos-emision/|title='Goenkale', la mítica serie de ETB1, finaliza tras 21 años de emisión|work=FormulaTV|access-date=2018-04-09|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She continued to work, playing in the films [[Loreak]] (Oscar nominated) and [[Igelak,]] released in 2015 and in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.loinazactores.com/Itziar-Ituno|title=Itziar Ituño – Loinaz Representación|website=www.loinazactores.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://ultimahora.es/noticias/cultura/2016/05/27/195216/itziar-ituno-candidatura-oscar-parecia-algo-imposible.html|title=Itziar Ituño: &quot;La candidatura a los Oscar parecía algo imposible&quot;|date=27 May 2016|work=Ultima Hora|access-date=2018-04-09|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2017, she left the Basque Country to play in the series ''[[Money Heist|La casa de papel]]'' (broadcast on [[Antena 3 (Spain)|Antena 3]] and then bought by the Netflix platform) in the role of Raquel Murillo, a negotiator.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.joe.co.uk/entertainment/netflix-added-second-season-addictive-show-years-171220|title=Netflix have added the second season of the most addictive show in years {{!}} JOE.co.uk|work=JOE.co.uk|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.looper.com/115576/money-heist-trailer-teases-explosive-end-massive-bank-robbery/|title=Money Heist trailer teases bank robbery's explosive end|website=Looper.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to her film, television and theater roles, she is also a singer in three bands: Dangiliske,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.elespanol.com/corazon/famosos/20170503/213228827_0.html|title=Itziar Ituño, entre comisaria en 'La casa de papel' y activista del mundo proetarra|work=El Español|access-date=2018-04-09|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; EZ3 and INGOT. <br /> <br /> On 26 September 2017, she was a presenter of the Basque Film Gala and the ETB channel for the 65th edition of the [[San Sebastian International Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sansebastianfestival.com/in/pagina.php?ap=1&amp;id=6705|title=San Sebastian Film Festival|website=www.sansebastianfestival.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> <br /> * ''Agur Olentzero, agur'' (1997), TV movie.<br /> * ''Ander eta konpainia'' (2000), ETB 1.<br /> * ''Teilatupean'' (2000–2001), ETB 1.<br /> * ''Platos sucios'' (2002), ETB 2.<br /> * ''Kilker Dema'' (2002), ETB 1.<br /> * ''Goenkale'' (2008–2015), ETB 1, Nekane Beitia.<br /> * ''[[Cuéntame cómo pasó]]'' (2016), TVE, Koro Zabaleta.<br /> * ''Pulsaciones'' (2017), Antena 3.<br /> * ''[[Money Heist|La casa de papel]]'' (2017), Antena 3, Raquel Murillo.<br /> <br /> === Film ===<br /> <br /> * ''Agujeros en el cielo'' (2001).<br /> * ''El final de la noche'' (2003).<br /> * ''Arkadia'' (2005).<br /> * ''El cazador de dragones'' (2010).<br /> * ''Izarren Argia'' (2010).<br /> * ''[[Loreak]]'' (2014).<br /> * ''Lasa y Zabala'' (2014).<br /> * ''Igelak'' (2016).<br /> * ''Errementari'' (2017)&lt;ref&gt;http://www.eitb.eus/es/radio/detalle/5413006/invitacion-ver-pelicula-errementari-mano-programa-faktoria/&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> === Theater ===<br /> <br /> * ''Izarrak/Estrellas'' (2003).<br /> * ''Pakitarentzat Bakarrik'' (2004).<br /> * ''Zeta/Seda'' (2005).<br /> * ''Jostailuen Istorioak/Historia de juguetes'' (2005).<br /> * ''Lapurzuola/Cueva de ladrones'' (2007).<br /> * ''Grönholm Metodoa'' (2008).<br /> * ''AURI-AURI'' (2010).<br /> * ''Ilunpetan/El Apagón'' (2010).<br /> * ''Amantalaren Ahotsa'' (2011).<br /> * ''Herioa eta Dontzeila'' (2012).<br /> * ''Hitzak/Palabras'' (2013–2014).<br /> * ''Koadernoa Zuri/Cuaderno en blanco'' (2016–2017){{Citation needed}}.<br /> * ''Desoxirribonucleico'' (2017).<br /> * ''Funtzak'' (2017).<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * {{IMDb name|id=1523587}} <br /> <br /> {{translation/ref|fr|Itziar Ituño}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> [[Category:Spanish television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:1974 births]]</div>

Frietjes https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itziar_Itu%C3%B1o&diff=178211640 2018-04-13T10:54:11Z

<p>Frietjes: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{infobox person|image=Itziarituñosansebastian.png}}<br /> '''Itziar Ituño Martínez''' is a Spanish actress.<br /> <br /> == Life ==<br /> Itziar Ituño studied acting at the Basauri Theater School. She also studyied sociology. Her mother tongue is [[Castilian]] but she learned [[Basque language|Basque]] at age 19, which allowed her to play on television series on Basque public channels.<br /> <br /> She appeared for the first time on television in the Basque film ''Agur Olentzero, agur'' (Goodbye Olentzero, goodbye) which was released in 1997.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.adictosalcine.com/reparto/pelicula/agur-olentzero-agur/8674/|title=Reparto de la película Agur, olentzero, agur - Actores de Agur, olentzero, agur, Actrices de Agur, olentzero, agur - Adictosalcine.com|last=Adictosalcine.com|website=www.adictosalcine.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008 she started playing in the ''[[Goenkale]] ''series. In this television series, she played Nekane Beitia, a lesbian policewoman from the fictional village of Arralde. She stayed until 2015, when the show was canceled. This role increased her visibility in the [[Basque Country]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eitb.eus/eu/telebista/programak/goenkale/osoa/2697102/nekane-beitia--goenkaleko-pertsonaiak/|title=Nekane Beitia|last=Vasca|first=EiTB Radio Televisión Pública|website=www.eitb.eus|language=eu-ES|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.formulatv.com/noticias/43846/goenkale-mitica-serie-etb1-finaliza-21-anos-emision/|title='Goenkale', la mítica serie de ETB1, finaliza tras 21 años de emisión|work=FormulaTV|access-date=2018-04-09|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She continued to work, playing in the films [[Loreak]] (Oscar nominated) and [[Igelak,]] released in 2015 and in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.loinazactores.com/Itziar-Ituno|title=Itziar Ituño – Loinaz Representación|website=www.loinazactores.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://ultimahora.es/noticias/cultura/2016/05/27/195216/itziar-ituno-candidatura-oscar-parecia-algo-imposible.html|title=Itziar Ituño: &quot;La candidatura a los Oscar parecía algo imposible&quot;|date=27 May 2016|work=Ultima Hora|access-date=2018-04-09|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2017, she left the Basque Country to play in the series ''[[Money Heist|La casa de papel]]'' (broadcast on [[Antena 3 (Spain)|Antena 3]] and then bought by the Netflix platform) in the role of Raquel Murillo, a negotiator.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.joe.co.uk/entertainment/netflix-added-second-season-addictive-show-years-171220|title=Netflix have added the second season of the most addictive show in years {{!}} JOE.co.uk|work=JOE.co.uk|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.looper.com/115576/money-heist-trailer-teases-explosive-end-massive-bank-robbery/|title=Money Heist trailer teases bank robbery's explosive end|website=Looper.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to her film, television and theater roles, she is also a singer in three bands: Dangiliske,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.elespanol.com/corazon/famosos/20170503/213228827_0.html|title=Itziar Ituño, entre comisaria en 'La casa de papel' y activista del mundo proetarra|work=El Español|access-date=2018-04-09|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; EZ3 and INGOT. <br /> <br /> On 26 September 2017, she was a presenter of the Basque Film Gala and the ETB channel for the 65th edition of the [[San Sebastian International Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sansebastianfestival.com/in/pagina.php?ap=1&amp;id=6705|title=San Sebastian Film Festival|website=www.sansebastianfestival.com|access-date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> <br /> * ''Agur Olentzero, agur'' (1997), TV movie.<br /> * ''Ander eta konpainia'' (2000), ETB 1.<br /> * ''Teilatupean'' (2000–2001), ETB 1.<br /> * ''Platos sucios'' (2002), ETB 2.<br /> * ''Kilker Dema'' (2002), ETB 1.<br /> * ''Goenkale'' (2008–2015), ETB 1, Nekane Beitia.<br /> * ''[[Cuéntame cómo pasó]]'' (2016), TVE, Koro Zabaleta.<br /> * ''Pulsaciones'' (2017), Antena 3.<br /> * ''[[Money Heist|La casa de papel]]'' (2017), Antena 3, Raquel Murillo.<br /> <br /> === Film ===<br /> <br /> * ''Agujeros en el cielo'' (2001).<br /> * ''El final de la noche'' (2003).<br /> * ''Arkadia'' (2005).<br /> * ''El cazador de dragones'' (2010).<br /> * ''Izarren Argia'' (2010).<br /> * ''[[Loreak]]'' (2014).<br /> * ''Lasa y Zabala'' (2014).<br /> * ''Igelak'' (2016).<br /> * ''Errementari'' (2017)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eitb.eus/es/radio/detalle/5413006/invitacion-ver-pelicula-errementari-mano-programa-faktoria/}}Missing or empty &lt;code style=&quot;color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;title=&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#citation missing title|help]])<br /> [[Category:Pages with citations lacking titles]]<br /> [[Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs]]<br /> .&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> === Theater ===<br /> <br /> * ''Izarrak/Estrellas'' (2003).<br /> * ''Pakitarentzat Bakarrik'' (2004).<br /> * ''Zeta/Seda'' (2005).<br /> * ''Jostailuen Istorioak/Historia de juguetes'' (2005).<br /> * ''Lapurzuola/Cueva de ladrones'' (2007).<br /> * ''Grönholm Metodoa'' (2008).<br /> * ''AURI-AURI'' (2010).<br /> * ''Ilunpetan/El Apagón'' (2010).<br /> * ''Amantalaren Ahotsa'' (2011).<br /> * ''Herioa eta Dontzeila'' (2012).<br /> * ''Hitzak/Palabras'' (2013–2014).<br /> * ''Koadernoa Zuri/Cuaderno en blanco'' (2016–2017)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=16 December 2016}}Missing or empty &lt;code style=&quot;color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;title=&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#citation missing title|help]])<br /> [[Category:Pages with citations lacking titles]]<br /> .&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> * ''Desoxirribonucleico'' (2017).<br /> * ''Funtzak'' (2017).<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * {{IMDb name|id=1523587}} <br /> <br /> {{translation/ref|fr|Itziar Ituño}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> [[Category:Spanish television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:1974 births]]</div>

Frietjes