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Goldene Stunde (Fotografie)

2007-01-09T05:21:47Z

ForrestCroce: Reasons why it's "good" jump from landscape to portrait to landscape - hopefully this is more clear

:''For other uses, see: [[Golden hour]]''

[[Image:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Images taken during the "golden hour" period can be far more striking than would be ordinarily expected.]]
In [[photography]], the '''golden hour''' is the first and last hour of [[sun]] during the day when a specific photographic effect is achieved with the quality of the light during these hours.

Typically, lighting will be softer ( ''more [[diffuse]]'' ) and [[warm]] in [[hue]], and shadows will be quite pronounced as a result of the sun being so close to parallel with the horizon. This is because (1) the sun light is travelling further through the atmosphere, and (2) coming from a less harsh side angle, instead of straight down. The '''Golden Hour''' is a mild version of ''Alpineglow'', as described by [[Galen Rowell]].

During the golden hour, highlights are less likely to be [[exposure (photography)|overexposed]], because less light reaches the subject. In [[landscape photography]], warm hues are considered desirable to 'enhance' the colours; capture a warmer [[hue]] as well as more vibrant, [[color saturation|saturated]] tones.

In the middle of the day the bright overhead sun can create too-bright highlights and long, dark [[shadow]]s. The degree to which overexposure will occur will vary as different types of film and digital cameras have varying [[dynamic range]]s.

This is particularly important in portrait photography where a [[fill flash]] is often necessary to balance lighting across the subject's face or body, filling in strong shadows that are considered undesirable. However, during the golden hour, such shadows are less pronounced.

== External links ==
*[http://www.largeformatphotography.info/sunmooncalc/ Sun/Moon Calculator]
*[http://www.forrestcroce.com/Articles/BetterLandscapes.html#GoldenHour Section on 'The Golden Hour' in article titled "How to Shoot Better Landscapes." by LandscapePhoto.us]

{{photo-stub}}

Goldene Stunde (Fotografie)

2007-01-06T02:32:54Z

ForrestCroce:

:''For other uses, see: [[Golden hour]]''

[[Image:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Images taken during the "golden hour" period can be far more striking than would be ordinarily expected.]]
In [[photography]], the '''golden hour''' is the first and last hour of [[sun]] during the day when a specific photographic effect is achieved with the quality of the light during these hours.

Typically, lighting will be softer ( more [[diffuse]] ) and [[warm]] in [[hue]], and shadows will be quite pronounced as a result of the sun being so close to parallel with the horizon. This is because (1) the sun light is travelling further through the atmosphere, and (2) coming from a less harsh side angle, instead of straight down. The '''Golden Hour''' is a mild version of [[Alpineglow]], as described by [[Galen Rowell]].

During the golden hour, highlights are less likely to be [[exposure (photography)|overexposed]]. This is often considered aesthetically pleasing in comparison to photos taken during the middle of the day when bright overhead sunlight creates overexposed highlights and deep, dark [[shadow]]s. The degree to which this will occur will vary as different types of film and digital cameras have varying [[dynamic range]]s.

This is particularly important in portrait photography where a [[fill flash]] is often necessary to balance the exposure of the subject, filling in strong shadows on the face that are considered undesirable. However, during the golden hour, such shadows are less pronounced.

In [[landscape photography]], warm hues are considered desirable to 'enhance' the colours; capture a warmer hue as well as more vibrant, [[color saturation|saturated]] tones.

== External links ==
*[http://www.largeformatphotography.info/sunmooncalc/ Sun/Moon Calculator]
*[http://www.forrestcroce.com/Articles/BetterLandscapes.html#GoldenHour Section on 'The Golden Hour' in article titled "How to Shoot Better Landscapes." by LandscapePhoto.us]

{{photo-stub}}

Iron Horse State Park

2006-12-13T07:26:41Z

ForrestCroce: /* See also */ Snoqualmie Pass

[[image:Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Herald.png|120px|right||Herald of the Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific]]

'''Iron Horse State Park''', part of the [[Washington State Park System]], is a 1,612 acre [[state park]] located in the [[Cascade Mountains]] between [[North Bend, Washington|North Bend]] and [[Snoqualmie Pass]]. The heritage park commemorating railroading was once in the [[right-of-way (railroad)|right-of-way]] of the The Milwaukee Road, officially the [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]]. The right-of-way was acquired by the state after bankruptcy (1980), and has been converted into 110 miles of [[hiking]], [[mountain biking]], and [[horseback riding]] trail.<ref>{{cite web
| last=
| first=
| date = | year=2006 | month=
| url =http://www.parks.wa.gov/parkpage.asp?selectedpark=Iron+Horse
| title ="Iron Horse"
| work=Welcome to Washington State Parks
| publisher =
| accessdate =2006-04-21 }}</ref>

[[Image:MILW_EP-3.jpg|210px|left|Iron horse]]

The trail west continues as the Snoqualmie Valley Trail of the King County Regional Trail System.<ref>{{cite web
| last=
| first=
| date =2005-09-19 updated | year= | month=
| url =http://www.metrokc.gov/parks/trails/trails/snoqv.htm
| title ="Snoqualmie Valley Trail"
| work=King County Regional Trail System
| publisher = Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Parks and Recreation Division
| accessdate =2006-04-21 }}</ref> The trail east along the old Milwaukee Road is also called John Wayne Pioneer Trail, though Europeans arrived by boat or by travelling north from The Oregon Trail ([[1840]])<ref>Oldham</ref>, or the railhead near south [[Puget Sound]] (1853 or c. 1872, respectively).<ref>(1) "In [[1853]] the [[Northern Pacific]] railroad line reached Puget Sound, linking the region to the other states.", [[Puget Sound#History|Puget Sound # History]], but no references provided. (2) Wilma (3) Prater</ref> Arrival to the Snoqualmie Cascades of the [[Great Northern Railroad]] in 1910 and the Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Railroad in 1911 provided one of the means for development of the logging railroads and timber industry that eventually cut nearly all the Cascade Mountains forests.<ref>MacIntosh</ref> The park is part of the Mountains to Sound Greenway preserving the scenic corridor.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| date = | year =2006 | month =
| url =http://www.mtsgreenway.org/about/history
| title ="History of the Greenway Landscape"
| work ="Mountains to Sound Greenway: About the Greenway"
| publisher =
| accessdate =2006-04-21
}}</ref>

== Recreation ==
Like most [[rails-to-trails]] projects, Iron Horse is popular with hikers and cyclists. There are many trail heads across the state, most with modern facilities, ample parking for a less common trail, and even a handful of campgrounds. [[Image:HiddenFallsInIronHorse.jpg|300px|right|Iron horse]]

The trail passes through mostly woodland, several lakes, hidden waterfalls like the one shown below, and goes directly through the divide at the old [[Snoqualmie Tunnel]]. The park is easily accessible from [[I-90]]; unfortunately it's within sight of the freeway in some places.

Iron Horse seems to be more popular as a park for its scenery than its history, although it's less well-known than other parks like the [[Alpine Lakes Wilderness]] area (which Iron Horse passes through) or [[Snoqualmie Falls]].

== See also ==
[[Image:seattlehistory_org Logging train at Mt. Si, 1903-05, 6966, v00-703w.jpg|400px|right|thumb|"Logging train at Mount Si, 1903-05". Note the size of logs, particularly the bottom log behind the tender. The image is from the original view camera glass negative.<nowiki> </nowiki>(Copyright expired)]]
*[[Northwest Railway Museum]]
*[[Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway]]
*[[Snoqualmie Pass]]

== References ==

{{FootnotesSmall|resize={{{1|100%}}}}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite web | last = | first = | date = | year =2006 | month = | url=http://www.mtsgreenway.org/about/history | title ="History of the Greenway Landscape" | work ="Mountains to Sound Greenway: About the Greenway" | publisher = | accessdate =2006-04-21 }}
*[http://www.parks.wa.gov/parkpage.asp?selectedpark=Iron+Horse "Iron Horse"], "Welcome to Washington State Parks". 2006, retrieved [[21 April]] 2006.
* {{cite web | last=Lange | first=Greg | date =1998-11-04 | year= | month= | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=174 | title="Road is completed over Snoqualmie Pass by October 7, 1867." | work=HistoryLink.org Essay 174 | publisher= | Accessdate=2006-04-21}} Lange referenced Thomas W. Prosch, "A Chronological History of Seattle From 1850 to 1897," typescript dated 1900-1901, pp. 178-180, Northwest Collection, University of Washington Library, Seattle; Yvonne Prater, ''Snoqualmie Pass: From Indian Trail to Interstate'' (Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1981), 29-32; James Oliphant, "Cattle Trade Through Snoqualmie Pass", ''Pacific Northwest Quarterly'' Vol. 38 (July 1947), p. 195.
* {{cite web | last =MacIntosh | first =Heather | date =2000-01-01 | year = | month = | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2369 | title ="King County Landmarks: Entwistle House (1912), Carnation" | work ="HistoryLink.org Essay 2369" | publisher = | accessdate =2006-04-21}} MacIntosh referenced King County Landmarks and Heritage Commission.
* Oldham, Kit (18 February 2003). [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5235 "Robert Newell and Joseph Meek reach Fort Walla Walla with the first wagons driven overland to the Columbia River in September 1840."], HistoryLink.org Essay 5235. Retrieved [[21 April]] 2006. Oldham referenced Clinton A. Snowden, ''History of Washington'' (New York: The Century History Company, 1909), Vol. 2, pp. 5-7, 18, 23-25, 269, 274-75, 280-81.
* Prater, Yvonne (1981). ''Snoqualmie Pass: From Indian Trail to Interstate''. Seattle: The Mountaineers. ISBN 0-89886-015-6.
* {{cite web | last = | first = | date =2005-09-19 updated | year = | month = | url=http://www.metrokc.gov/parks/trails/trails/snoqv.htm | title ="Snoqualmie Valley Trail"
| work =King County Regional Trail System | publisher =Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Parks and Recreation Division | accessdate =2006-04-21}}
* {{cite web | last =Wilma | first =David | date =2003-01-22 | year = | month = | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5090 | title ="Northern Pacific Railroad establishes Tenino as a rail junction in 1872." | work ="HistoryLink.org Essay 5090"
| publisher = | accessdate =2006-04-21}} Wilma referenced Gordon R. Newell, ''So Fair A Dwelling Place: A History of Olympia and Thurston County, Washington'' (Olympia: The Olympia News Publishing Co., 1950), p. 27.

== Further reading ==
[http://www.historylink.org/db_images/moh039.JPG "Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad through the Cascades"]  '''image''', courtesy of MoHI ([http://www.seattlehistory.org Museum of History and Industry]). 

{{Washington-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Washington state parks]]
[[Category:Rail trails]]

Goldene Stunde (Fotografie)

2006-11-05T08:01:49Z

ForrestCroce: /* External links */

[[Image:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Images taken during the "golden hour" period can be far more striking than would be ordinarily expected.]]
In [[photography]], the '''golden hour''' is the first and last hour of [[sun]] during the day when a specific photographic effect is achieved with the quality of the light during these hours.

Typically, lighting will be softer ( more [[diffuse]] ) and [[warm]] in [[hue]], and shadows will be quite pronounced as a result of the sun being so close to parallel with the horizon. This is because (1) the sun light is travelling a further distance, and (2) coming from a less harsh side angle, instead of straight down. The '''Golden Hour''' is a mild version of [[Alpine glow]], as described by [[Galen Rowell]].

During the golden hour, highlights are less likely to be [[exposure (photography)|overexposed]]. This is often considered aesthetically pleasing in comparison to photos taken during the middle of the day when bright overhead sunlight creates overexposed highlights and deep, dark [[shadow]]s. The degree to which this will occur will vary as different types of film and digital cameras have varying [[dynamic range]]s.

This is particularly important in portrait photography where a [[fill flash]] is often necessary to balance the exposure of the subject, as strong shadows on the face are considered undesirable. However, during the golden hour, such shadows are less pronounced.

In landscape photography, warm hues are considered desirable to 'enhance' the colours; capture a warmer hue as well as more vibrant, saturated tones.

== External links ==
*[http://www.garageglamour.com/goldenhour/goldenhour.php Golden Hour Calculator]
*[http://www.night-ray.com/PhotoCheatSheet.pdf Photographic Cheat Sheet] ([[PDF]])
*[http://www.largeformatphotography.info/sunmooncalc/ Sun/Moon Calculator] (find your sunrise and sunset times!)
*[http://www.forrestcroce.com/Articles/BetterLandscapes.html#GoldenHour Section on 'The Golden Hour' in a LandscapePhoto.us article titled "How to Shoot Better Landscapes."]
*[http://www.landscapephoto.us/Photos/SunsetInYellowstone.html A golden hour landscape]

{{photo-stub}}

Goldene Stunde (Fotografie)

2006-09-20T03:26:31Z

ForrestCroce: /* External links */

[[Image:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Images taken during the "golden hour" period can be far more striking than would be ordinarily expected.]]
In [[photography]], the '''golden hour''' is the first and last hour of [[sun]] during the day when a specific photographic effect is achieved with the quality of the light during these hours.

Typically, lighting will be softer ( more [[diffuse]] ) and [[warm]] in [[hue]], and shadows will be quite pronounced as a result of the sun being so close to parallel with the horizon. This is because (1) the sun light is travelling a further distance, and (2) coming from a less harsh side angle, instead of straight down. The '''Golden Hour''' is a mild version of [[Alpineglow]], as described by [[Galen Rowell]].

During the golden hour, highlights are less likely to be [[exposure (photography)|overexposed]]. This is often considered aesthetically pleasing in comparison to photos taken during the middle of the day when bright overhead sunlight creates overexposed highlights and deep, dark [[shadow|shadows]]. The degree to which this will occur will vary as different types of film and digital cameras have varying [[dynamic range|dynamic ranges]].

This is particularly important in portrait photography where a [[Fill flash|fill flash]] is often necessary to balance the exposure of the subject, as strong shadows on the face are considered undesirable. However, during the golden hour, such shadows are less pronounced.

In landscape photography, warm hues are considered desirable to 'enhance' the colours; capture a warmer hue as well as more vibrant, saturated tones.

{{photo-stub}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.garageglamour.com/goldenhour/goldenhour.php Golden Hour Calculator]
*[http://www.night-ray.com/PhotoCheatSheet.pdf Photographic Cheat Sheet] ([[PDF]])
*[http://www.largeformatphotography.info/sunmooncalc/ Sun/Moon Calculator] (find your sunrise and sunset times!)
*[http://www.landscapephoto.us/Photos/SunsetInYellowstone.html A golden hour landscape]

Goldene Stunde (Fotografie)

2006-09-18T23:12:47Z

ForrestCroce:

[[Image:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Images taken during the "golden hour" period can be far more striking than would be ordinarily expected.]]
In [[photography]], the '''golden hour''' is the first and last hour of [[sun]] during the day when a specific photographic effect is achieved with the quality of the light during these hours.

Typically, lighting will be softer ( more [[diffuse]] ) and [[warm]] in [[hue]], and shadows will be quite pronounced as a result of the sun being so close to parallel with the horizon. This is because (1) the sun light is travelling a further distance, and (2) coming from a less harsh side angle, instead of straight down. The '''Golden Hour''' is a mild version of [[Alpineglow]], as described by [[Galen Rowell]].

During the golden hour, highlights are less likely to be [[exposure (photography)|overexposed]]. This is often considered aesthetically pleasing in comparison to photos taken during the middle of the day when bright overhead sunlight creates overexposed highlights and deep, dark [[shadow|shadows]]. The degree to which this will occur will vary as different types of film and digital cameras have varying [[dynamic range|dynamic ranges]].

This is particularly important in portrait photography where a [[Fill flash|fill flash]] is often necessary to balance the exposure of the subject, as strong shadows on the face are considered undesirable. However, during the golden hour, such shadows are less pronounced.

In landscape photography, warm hues are considered desirable to 'enhance' the colours; capture a warmer hue as well as more vibrant, saturated tones.

{{photo-stub}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.garageglamour.com/goldenhour/goldenhour.php Golden Hour Calculator]
*[http://www.night-ray.com/photores/PhotoCheatSheet.pdf Photographic Cheat Sheet] ([[PDF]])
*[http://www.largeformatphotography.info/sunmooncalc/ Sun/Moon Calculator] (find your sunrise and sunset times!)
*[http://www.landscapephoto.us/Photos/WhiteHorseFalls.html A golden hour landscape]

Green Lake (Washington)

2006-09-15T04:08:30Z

ForrestCroce: /* Animal and plant life */

{{copyedit}}[[Image:WoodlandPark-1.jpg|thumb|Looking southeast toward Woodland Park]]
[[image:Seattle-GreenLake.jpg|right|thumb|Map of Seattle with Green Lake marked]]

'''Green Lake''' is a freshwater [[lake]] in north central [[Seattle, Washington]], [[USA]], within Green Lake Park. The park is surrounded by the [[Green Lake, Seattle, Washington|Green Lake]] [[neighborhood]] to the north and east, the [[Wallingford, Seattle, Washington|Wallingford]] neighborhood to the south, the [[Phinney Ridge, Seattle, Washington|Phinney Ridge]] neighborhood to the west, and [[Woodland Park (Seattle)|Woodland Park]] to the southwest. It is a [[glacier|glacial]] lake, its basin having been dug 50,000 years ago by the [[Vashon glacier]], which also created [[Lake Washington]], [[Lake Union]], and [[Bitter Lake (Seattle)|Bitter]] and [[Haller Lake]]s.

==History==
Green Lake was named by David Phillips, who surveyed the area in September [[1855]] for the United States Surveyor General. His first notes referred to it as "Lake Green" because even in its natural state the lake is prone to algae blooms.

The lake has a surface area of 1 km², a mean depth of 3.8 meters, and a maximum depth of 9.1 meters. The lake has been dredged in order to maintain its depth. Green Lake lacks both surface water inflows and outflows. It once drained into [[Lake Washington]] via [[Ravenna Creek]], but in [[1911]] the water level was lowered by 2.1 meters (7 feet) to create parkland, causing the creek to dry up between Green Lake and [[Cowen Park]]. The lake is fed by rainfall, storm runoff, and Seattle's municipal water supply.

The area was originally homesteaded by various pioneers, the first being Erhart Sarfried, "Green Lake John." Sarfried subdivided his homestead in 1888 and sold the land to various entrepreneurs. W.D. Wood built an "amusement park" on the west side of the lake (which never amounted to more than a glorified [[lawn]] for picnics). On the east side of the lake, A.L. Parker logged the woods and built a sawmill. Edward C. Kilbourne built the first trolley line connecting the area to the city, the route of which is now Green Lake Way North. The trolley lines kept growing, until by 1910 they extended completely around the lake and a round trip could be made on a separate line going back to the city.

==Green Lake Park==
After 1903 the area became part of Seattle's grand [[Olmsted Plan]] to create a series of interconnected greenspaces around the entire city. The park design still reflects the Olmsted vision.

[[Image:Green Lake-1.jpg|thumb|Park and path]]
Green Lake is surrounded entirely by a very popular paved path. The 4.5 kilometer path is divided into two lanes — one for [[pedestrian]]s and one for [[bicycle]]s, [[roller skating|roller skates]], and other wheeled unmotorized vehicles. The inner pedestrian lane is bidirectional, while the outer wheeled path is unidirectional (counterclockwise). The path is a major destination for people seeking [[exercise]] and can become quite crowded on days of fair weather. There is also an outer path along the edge of the park. The park is a popular spot for [[qigong]] classes, [[roller hockey]], [[soccer]], [[baseball]], [[golf]], and lawn [[bowls]].

The bathhouse was built in 1927 next to an outdoor swimming area with concrete steps leading into the water. A [[lifeguard]] station and boat were built next to this area in 1930 after several drownings in 1929. The bathhouse is now the [[Bathhouse Theatre]], a small but popular venue for plays.

Across the lake from the bathhouse, in the northeast part of the park, its first community center was built in 1929 at a cost of $95,598. As it was built on the fill land from the 1911 draining, the community center was built on pilings. It contains two conference rooms, a gym with showers and bathrooms, and a stage. Toward the lake, another stepped swimming area was built. The tennis courts were added in 1945. In 1955 a 150,000 gallon [[swimming pool]] was added. It was named the Evans Pool in honor of two brothers, Ben and Lou Evans, for their long service to athletics at Seattle parks.

The children's wading pool was a [[Works Progress Administration]] project, as was the drainage ditch and the arched stone bridge providing a path over the ditch.

South of the bathhouse is a lawn and fishing pier. Since 1984 this part of the lake has hosted a floating lantern memorial to the [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]].

Prospect Point (a spit of land that points at Duck Island) protects a small area of water from high winds. This used to be a popular spot for [[model boat]]s, though model boating is no longer allowed on the lake.

The Aqua Theater was built in 1950 for the first [[Seafair]] in order to house an attraction called the Aqua Follies and their "swimusicals"--a combination of aqua ballet, stage dancing, and comedy. The theater included a round stage and floating (though still recessed below the stage) orchestra pit, encircling a section of the lake with high diving platforms on each side. The grandstand was built to a capacity of more than 5,000 seats. The Aqua Follies continued to run during Seafair until 1965. Outside of the Seafair schedule the theater was the stage for plays and musicals whose directors always took advantage of the unique setting. In the summer of 1962, coinciding with the [[Century 21 Exposition]], the Aqua Theater stage was host to a jazz festival, popular performers such as [[Bob Hope]], two plays, and a special presentation of the Aqua Follies with 100 performers. After the World's Fair, summer productions languished (usually blamed on Seattle's [[Seattle#Climate|unpredictable weather]]) until the Aqua Theater was mostly abandoned — a 1969 concert by the [[Grateful Dead]] revealed that the grandstand was crumbling and dangerous. Beginning in 1970 the theater was dismantled, stage right now serving as a pedestrian pier and stage left providing dock and storage for [[sport rowing|crew]] boats. Some sections of the grandstand were left in place.<ref>[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1052] Aqua Theater on HistoryLink </ref>

The southwest portion of the park connects with adjoining [[Woodland Park (Seattle)|Woodland Park]] on land that is also mostly fill, much of which came from the excavation of a route for [[Washington State Route 99|Aurora Avenue]]. The southwest portion of the lake once extended to what is now N. 54th Street.

In the [[summer]], Green Lake is also popular for [[swimming]] and boating. Although public use of motorized boats has been banned since at least 1968, the lake was the site of [[hydroplane]] races from 1929 to 1984. Today many forms of motor-less boats, including [[windsurfing|sailboarding]], [[pedal boat]]s, [[rowboat]]s, [[skiff]]s, and [[canoe]]s, are commonly seen on the lake. The annual [[Milk Carton Derby]] is held annually on the lake as one of the opening events of Seafair. While remnants of boat launches still exist, all launches have been removed from the lake; all boats must be hand carried to the water.

==Animal and plant life==
[[Image:Osprey-green-lake.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An osprey hunting fish over Green Lake.]]
Green Lake is a beacon for [[wildlife]]. Many types of wildlife, [[duck]]s, [[cormorant]]s, [[heron]]s, [[goose|geese]], [[turtle]]s, [[raccoon]]s, [[rat]]s, [[squirrel]]s, [[bat]]s, [[hawk]]s, [[eagle]]s, and [[osprey]] are among the wild creatures commonly viewed there. There is an artificial [[island]] in the lake built by the [[Works Progress Administration]] in 1936. The island was built (with dumped gravel) as a [[wildlife sanctuary]] and later housed some [[swan]] gifted to the city by [[Vancouver, British Columbia]]. The state game commission officially made the island a reserve, off limits to people, in 1956. The park board originally named the island Waldo's Wildlife Sanctuary, after Waldo J Dahl, who took care of the swan. It is now only known as Duck Island.

Green Lake is a popular dumping ground for unwanted house pets and developed a large population of [[feral]] [[rabbit]]s. The rabbits created problems by burrowing under streets and retaining walls and into the [[Woodland Park Zoo]]. Over the years volunteers adopted or removed the rabbits but not fast enough to keep the population under control. In 2005 the city and zoo combined with the Rabbit Sanctuary to remove all of the rabbits and present an educational outreach campaign to teach people not to abandon rabbits.<ref>http://woodlandparkrabbits.org/IntheNews.html News articles about the Woodland Park Rabbits organization</ref> The practice of abandoning pets into or around Green Lake has resulted in several other non-native species needing removal, mostly ordinary [[goldfish]] but including exotic species such as [[sturgeon]] and [[caiman]] at various times.

[[Image:GreenLakeDuckling.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Duckling, May 2006]]

Recently, a program has been implemented to substancially reduce the number of ducks and geese. Their droppings raise the level of [[phosphorus]] in the lake, leading to excessive growths of [[algae]] and [[milfoil]]. In [[2003]] the lake was treated with [[alum]] to encapsulate the phosphorus. A paddle boat, moored in the lake, is used to cut the milfoil. The fowl also leave [[pathogen]]s in the lake which can cause [[Swimmer's itch]]. This shows the difficulty of maintaining water quality in a stagnant lake.

[[Fish]], mainly trout which are occasionally restocked, live in the lake. A large amount of [[Catostomidae|sucker fish]] (often confused with carp) are also present, along with largemouth bass, yellow perch, and small populations of many different unexpected species.

During the spring, Green Lake Park is in bloom with pink and white [[cherry]] trees. Planted along the west side of the lake in 1931 and 1932, they were a gift from the Japanese Association of North America.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3021 Green Lake cleanup and redesign begins in 1936]
*[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1469 Seafair including Aqua Follies held for first time in King County]
*[http://seattle.gov/parks/parkspaces/greenlak.htm City of Seattle Parks & Recreation]
*[http://www.seattle.gov/parks/history/default.htm Seattle park history]
*[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3290 John Olmsted arrives in Seattle to design city parks on April 30, 1903]
*[http://www.seafair.com/x570.asp Historic Green Lake hydroplane racing]
*[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2678 More historic hydroplane racing]
*[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1124 Memories of Aqua Theatre]

[[Category:Seattle geography]]
[[Category:Parks in Seattle]]
[[Category:Lakes of Washington|Green]]

Iron Horse State Park

2006-09-11T20:02:18Z

ForrestCroce:

[[image:Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Herald.png|120px|right||Herald of the Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific]]

'''Iron Horse State Park''', part of the [[Washington State Park System]], is a 1,612 acre [[state park]] located in the [[Cascade Mountains]] between [[North Bend, Washington|North Bend]] and [[Snoqualmie Pass]]. The heritage park commemorating railroading was once in the [[right-of-way (railroad)|right-of-way]] of the The Milwaukee Road, officiallly the [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad]]. The right-of-way was acquired by the state after bankruptcy (1980), and has been converted into 110 miles of [[hiking]], [[mountain biking]], and [[horseback riding]] trail.<ref>{{cite web
| last=
| first=
| date = | year=2006 | month=
| url =http://www.parks.wa.gov/parkpage.asp?selectedpark=Iron+Horse
| title ="Iron Horse"
| work=Welcome to Washington State Parks
| publisher =
| accessdate =2006-04-21 }}</ref>

[[Image:SL_Yamaguchi_go_-enhanced.jpg|180px|left|Iron horse]]

The trail west continues as the Snoqualmie Valley Trail of the King County Regional Trail System.<ref>{{cite web
| last=
| first=
| date =2005-09-19 updated | year= | month=
| url =http://www.metrokc.gov/parks/trails/trails/snoqv.htm
| title ="Snoqualmie Valley Trail"
| work=King County Regional Trail System
| publisher = Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Parks and Recreation Division
| accessdate =2006-04-21 }}</ref> The trail east along the old Milwaukee Road is also called John Wayne Pioneer Trail, though Europeans arrived by boat or by travelling north from The Oregon Trail ([[1840]])<ref>Oldham</ref>, or the railhead near south [[Puget Sound]] (1853 or c. 1872, respectively).<ref>(1) "In [[1853]] the [[Northern Pacific]] railroad line reached Puget Sound, linking the region to the other states.", [[Puget Sound#History|Puget Sound # History]], but no references provided. (2) Wilma (3) Prater</ref> Arrival to the Snoqualmie Cascades of the [[Great Northern Railroad]] in 1910 and the Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Railroad in 1911 provided one of the means for development of the logging railroads and timber industry that eventually cut nearly all the Cascade Mountains forests.<ref>MacIntosh</ref> The park is part of the Mountains to Sound Greenway preserving the scenic corridor.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| date = | year =2006 | month =
| url =http://www.mtsgreenway.org/about/history
| title ="History of the Greenway Landscape"
| work ="Mountains to Sound Greenway: About the Greenway"
| publisher =
| accessdate =2006-04-21
}}</ref>

== Recreation ==
Like most rails-to-trails project, Iron Horse is popular with hikers and cyclists. There are many trail heads across the state, most with modern facilities, ample parking for a less common trail, and even a handful of campgrounds. [[Image:HiddenFallsInIronHorse.jpg|300px|right|Iron horse]]

The trail passes through mostly woodland, several lakes, hidden waterfalls like the one shown below, and goes directly through the divide at the old [[Snoqualmie Tunnel]]. The park is easily accessable from [[I-90]]; unfortunately it's within sight of the freeway in some places.

Iron Horse seems to be more popular as a park for its scenery than its history, although it's less well-known than other parks like the [[Alpine Lakes]] wilderness area ( which Iron Horse passes through ) or [[Snoqualmie Falls]].

== See also ==
[[Image:seattlehistory_org Logging train at Mt. Si, 1903-05, 6966, v00-703w.jpg|400px|right|thumb|"Logging train at Mount Si, 1903-05". Note the size of logs, particularly the bottom log behind the tender. The image is from the original view camera glass negative.<nowiki> </nowiki>(Copyright expired)]]
*[[Northwest Railway Museum]]
*[[Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway]]

== References ==

{{FootnotesSmall|resize={{{1|100%}}}}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite web | last = | first = | date = | year =2006 | month = | url=http://www.mtsgreenway.org/about/history | title ="History of the Greenway Landscape" | work ="Mountains to Sound Greenway: About the Greenway" | publisher = | accessdate =2006-04-21 }}
*[http://www.parks.wa.gov/parkpage.asp?selectedpark=Iron+Horse "Iron Horse"], "Welcome to Washington State Parks". 2006, retrieved [[21 April]] 2006.
* {{cite web | last=Lange | first=Greg | date =1998-11-04 | year= | month= | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=174 | title="Road is completed over Snoqualmie Pass by October 7, 1867." | work=HistoryLink.org Essay 174 | publisher= | Accessdate=2006-04-21}} Lange referenced Thomas W. Prosch, "A Chronological History of Seattle From 1850 to 1897," typescript dated 1900-1901, pp. 178-180, Northwest Collection, University of Washington Library, Seattle; Yvonne Prater, ''Snoqualmie Pass: From Indian Trail to Interstate'' (Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1981), 29-32; James Oliphant, "Cattle Trade Through Snoqualmie Pass", ''Pacific Northwest Quarterly'' Vol. 38 (July 1947), p. 195.
* {{cite web | last =MacIntosh | first =Heather | date =2000-01-01 | year = | month = | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2369 | title ="King County Landmarks: Entwistle House (1912), Carnation" | work ="HistoryLink.org Essay 2369" | publisher = | accessdate =2006-04-21}} MacIntosh referenced King County Landmarks and Heritage Commission.
* Oldham, Kit (18 February 2003). [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5235 "Robert Newell and Joseph Meek reach Fort Walla Walla with the first wagons driven overland to the Columbia River in September 1840."], HistoryLink.org Essay 5235. Retrieved [[21 April]] 2006. Oldham referenced Clinton A. Snowden, ''History of Washington'' (New York: The Century History Company, 1909), Vol. 2, pp. 5-7, 18, 23-25, 269, 274-75, 280-81.
* Prater, Yvonne (1981). ''Snoqualmie Pass: From Indian Trail to Interstate''. Seattle: The Mountaineers. ISBN 0-89886-015-6.
* {{cite web | last = | first = | date =2005-09-19 updated | year = | month = | url=http://www.metrokc.gov/parks/trails/trails/snoqv.htm | title ="Snoqualmie Valley Trail"
| work =King County Regional Trail System | publisher =Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Parks and Recreation Division | accessdate =2006-04-21}}
* {{cite web | last =Wilma | first =David | date =2003-01-22 | year = | month = | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5090 | title ="Northern Pacific Railroad establishes Tenino as a rail junction in 1872." | work ="HistoryLink.org Essay 5090"
| publisher = | accessdate =2006-04-21}} Wilma referenced Gordon R. Newell, ''So Fair A Dwelling Place: A History of Olympia and Thurston County, Washington'' (Olympia: The Olympia News Publishing Co., 1950), p. 27.

== Further reading ==
[http://www.historylink.org/db_images/moh039.JPG "Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad through the Cascades"]  '''image''', courtesy of MoHI ([http://www.seattlehistory.org Museum of History and Industry]). 

{{Washington-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Washington state parks]]
[[Category:Rail trails]]