https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Fish+nerdWikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]2025-07-23T12:59:31ZBenutzerbeiträgeMediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.10https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranavirus&diff=190625355Ranavirus2011-05-06T18:07:22Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Ranavirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = ''[[Incertae sedis]]''<br />
| familia = [[Iridoviridae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Ranavirus'''''<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Types<br />
| subdivision =<br />
*''Ambystoma tigrinum'' virus (ATV)<br />
*frog virus 3 (FV3)<br />
*tiger frog virus (TFV)<br />
}}<br />
'''Ranavirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the family [[Iridoviridae]], one of the five families of [[nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses]] . ''Ranavirus'' is the only genus within ''Iridoviridae'' that includes viruses that are infectious to amphibians and reptiles, and one of only three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Lymphocystivirus]] and [[Megalocytivirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The ranaviruses, like the megalocytiviruses, are an [[emerging infectious disease|emerging]] group of closely related [[DNA|dsDNA]] viruses which cause [[systemic disease|systemic infections]] in a wide variety of wild and cultured fresh and saltwater fishes. As with megalocytiviruses, ''Ranavirus'' outbreaks are therefore of considerable economic importance in [[aquaculture]], as [[epizootic]]s can result in moderate fish loss or mass mortality events of cultured fishes. Unlike megalocytiviruses, however, ''Ranavirus'' infections in amphibians have been implicated as a contributing factor in the global decline of amphibian populations. The impact of ranaviruses on amphibian populations has been compared to the [[chytrid]] [[fungus]] ''[[Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis]]'', the causative agent of [[chytridomycosis]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.001 | title=Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America | year=2003 | author=Jancovich, J | journal=Virology | volume=316 | pages=90 | pmid=14599794 | last2=Mao | first2=J | last3=Chinchar | first3=VG | last4=Wyatt | first4=C | last5=Case | first5=ST | last6=Kumar | first6=S | last7=Valente | first7=G | last8=Subramanian | first8=S | last9=Davidson | first9=EW | issue=1 }}</ref><ref> Brunner 2004. Intraspecific reservoirs: complex life history and the persistence of a lethal Ranavirus. ''Ecology'', 85(2), 2004, pp. 560–566.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00735.x|title = Susceptibility of Italian agile frog populations to an emerging strain of Ranavirus parallels population genetic diversity|year = 2005|author = Pearman, Peter B.|journal = Ecology Letters|volume = 8|issue = 4|pages = 401|last2 = Garner|first2 = Trenton W. J.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
''Rana'' is derived from the [[Latin]] for "frog",<ref>{{cite web|title=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog}}</ref> reflecting the first isolation of a ''Ranavirus'' in [[1960s]] from ''[[Lithobates pipiens]]'', formerly ''Rana pipiens''.<ref name=Granoff>{{cite journal | last1 = Granoff | first1 = A | last2 = Came | first2 = PE | last3 = Rafferty | first3 = KA | title = The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog. | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 237-255 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220161 | doi = DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14278.x}}</ref><ref name=Gray/><ref name=Rafferty>{{cite journal | last1 = Rafferty | first1 = KA | title = The cultivation of inclusion-associated viruses from Lucke tumor frogs | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 3-21 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220167}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Ranavirus '' is composed of at least 6 recognized viral species, 3 of which are known to infect amphibians ([[Ambystoma tigrinum virus]] (ATV), [[Bohle iridovirus]] (BIV), and [[frog virus 3]]).<ref name = Chinchar/><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
Ranaviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring approximately 150 nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]] of roughly 105 kbp <ref name=Williams> Williams T, Barbosa-Solomieu V, Chinchar GD (2005). "A decade of advances in iridovirus research" 173-148. ''In'' Maramorosch K, Shatkin A (eds). ''Advances in virus research, Vol. 65'' Academic Press, New York, USA.</ref> which codes for around 100 gene products. <ref name=Chinchar2002>{{cite journal | last1 = Chinchar | first1 = VG | title = Ranaviruses (family ''Iridoviridae'') emerging cold-blooded killers | journal = ''Archives of Virology'' | volume = 147 | issue = 3 | pages = 447-470 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11958449 }}</ref> The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP).<br />
<br />
==Replication==<br />
Ranaviral replication is well-studied using the [[type species]] for the genus, frog virus 3 (FV3).<ref name=Chinchar/><ref name = Williams/> Replication of FV3 occurs between 12 and 32 degrees Celcius.<ref name=Chinchar2002/> Ranaviruses enter the host cell by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]].<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and subsequently move into the [[cell nucleus]], where viral [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then abandons the cell nucleus and begins the second stage of DNA replication in the cytoplasm, ultimately forming DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The viral DNA is then packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into infectious virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae''" 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The ''ranavirus'' genome, like other iridoviral genomes is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Transmission==<br />
Transmission of ranaviruses is thought to occur by multiple routes, including contaminated soil, direct contact, waterborne exposure, and ingestion of infected tissues during predation, necrophagy or cannibalism.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses are relatively stable in aquatic environments, persisting several week or longer outside a host organism. <ref name=Gray>{{cite journal | last1 = Gray | first1 = MJ | last2 = Miller | first2 = DL | last3 = Hoverman | first3 = JT | title = Ecology and pathology of amphibian ranaviruses | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 243-266 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20099417 | doi = 10.3354/dao02138}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Epizoology==<br />
Amphibian mass mortality events due to ''Ranavirus'' have been reported in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses have been isolated from wild populations of amphibians in Australia, but have not been associated with mass mortality on this continent.<ref name=Gray/><ref name=Speare>{{cite journal | last1 = Speare | first1 = R | last2 = Smith | first2 = JR | title = An iridovirus-like agent isolated from the ornate burrowing frog ''Limnodynastes ornatus'' in northern Australia | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 14 | pages = 51-57 | year = 1992}}</ref><ref name=Cullen>{{cite journal | last1 = Cullen | first1 = BR | last2 = Owens | first2 = L | title = Experimental challenge and clinical cases of Bohle iridovirus (BIV) in native Australian anurans | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 83-92 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12078986}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Synthesis of viral proteins begins within hours of viral entry<ref name=Chinchar2002/> with [[necrosis]] or [[apoptosis]] occurring as early as a few hours post-infection. <ref name= Chinchar2003>{{cite journal | last1 = Chinchar | first1 = VG | last2 = Bryan | first2 = L | last3 = Wang | first3 = J | last4 = Long | first4 = S | last5 = Chinchar | first5 = GD |title = Induction of apoptosis in frog virus 3-infected cells | journal = ''Virology'' | volume = 306 | pages = 303-312 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12642103 | doi = 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00039-9}}</ref><ref name=Williams/> <br />
<br />
==Gross Pathology==<br />
Gross lesions associated with ''Ranavirus'' infection include erythema, generalized swelling, hemorrhage, limb swelling, and swollen and friable livers.<ref name=Gray/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Decline in amphibian populations]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikispecies-inline|List of viruses}}<br />
* [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/585.html '''Viralzone''': Ranavirus]<br />
*[http://www.ranavirus.net Ranavirus Research Project]<br />
*[http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/otherdiseases-viruses.htm Viral Diseases of Amphibians]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]<br />
<br />
{{Virus-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[fr:Ranavirus]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranavirus&diff=190625354Ranavirus2011-05-06T18:06:21Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Ranavirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = ''[[Incertae sedis]]''<br />
| familia = [[Iridoviridae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Ranavirus'''''<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Types<br />
| subdivision =<br />
*''Ambystoma tigrinum'' virus (ATV)<br />
*frog virus 3 (FV3)<br />
*tiger frog virus (TFV)<br />
}}<br />
'''Ranavirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the family [[Iridoviridae]], one of the five families of [[nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses]] . ''Ranavirus'' is the only genus within ''Iridoviridae'' that includes viruses that are infectious to amphibians and reptiles, and one of only three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Lymphocystivirus]] and [[Megalocytivirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The ranaviruses, like the megalocytiviruses, are an [[emerging infectious disease|emerging]] group of closely related [[DNA|dsDNA]] viruses which cause [[systemic disease|systemic infections]] in a wide variety of wild and cultured fresh and saltwater fishes. As with megalocytiviruses, ''Ranavirus'' outbreaks are therefore of considerable economic importance in [[aquaculture]], as [[epizootic]]s can result in moderate fish loss or mass mortality events of cultured fishes. Unlike megalocytiviruses, however, ''Ranavirus'' infections in amphibians have been implicated as a contributing factor in the global decline of amphibian populations. The impact of ranaviruses on amphibian populations has been compared to the [[chytrid]] [[fungus]] ''[[Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis]]'', the causative agent of [[chytridomycosis]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.001 | title=Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America | year=2003 | author=Jancovich, J | journal=Virology | volume=316 | pages=90 | pmid=14599794 | last2=Mao | first2=J | last3=Chinchar | first3=VG | last4=Wyatt | first4=C | last5=Case | first5=ST | last6=Kumar | first6=S | last7=Valente | first7=G | last8=Subramanian | first8=S | last9=Davidson | first9=EW | issue=1 }}</ref><ref> Brunner 2004. Intraspecific reservoirs: complex life history and the persistence of a lethal Ranavirus. ''Ecology'', 85(2), 2004, pp. 560–566.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00735.x|title = Susceptibility of Italian agile frog populations to an emerging strain of Ranavirus parallels population genetic diversity|year = 2005|author = Pearman, Peter B.|journal = Ecology Letters|volume = 8|issue = 4|pages = 401|last2 = Garner|first2 = Trenton W. J.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
''Rana'' is derived from the [[Latin]] for "frog",<ref>{{cite web|title=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog}}</ref> reflecting the first isolation of a ''Ranavirus'' in [[1960s]] from ''[[Lithobates pipiens]]'', formerly ''Rana pipiens''.<ref name=Granoff>{{cite journal | last1 = Granoff | first1 = A | last2 = Came | first2 = PE | last3 = Rafferty | first3 = KA | title = The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog. | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 237-255 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220161 | doi = DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14278.x}}</ref><ref name=Gray/><ref name=Rafferty>{{cite journal | last1 = Rafferty | first1 = KA | title = The cultivation of inclusion-associated viruses from Lucke tumor frogs | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 3-21 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220167}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Ranavirus '' is composed of at least 6 recognized viral species, 3 of which are known to infect amphibians ([[Ambystoma tigrinum virus]] (ATV), [[Bohle iridovirus]] (BIV), and [[frog virus 3]]).<ref name = Chinchar/><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
Ranaviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring approximately 150 nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]] of roughly 105 kbp <ref name=Williams> Williams T, Barbosa-Solomieu V, Chinchar GD (2005). "A decade of advances in iridovirus research" 173-148. ''In'' Maramorosch K, Shatkin A (eds). ''Advances in virus research, Vol. 65'' Academic Press, New York, USA.</ref> which codes for around 100 gene products. <ref name=Chinchar2002>{{cite journal | last1 = Chinchar | first1 = VG | title = Ranaviruses (family ''Iridoviridae'') emerging cold-blooded killers | journal = ''Archives of Virology'' | volume = 147 | issue = 3 | pages = 447-470 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11958449 }}</ref> The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP).<br />
<br />
== Replication==<br />
Ranaviral replication is well-studied using the [[type species]] for the genus, frog virus 3 (FV3).<ref name=Chinchar/><ref name = Williams/> Replication of FV3 occurs between 12 and 32 degrees Celcius.<ref name=Chinchar2002/> Ranaviruses enter the host cell by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]].<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and subsequently move into the [[cell nucleus]], where viral [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then abandons the cell nucleus and begins the second stage of DNA replication in the cytoplasm, ultimately forming DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The viral DNA is then packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into infectious virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae''" 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The ''ranavirus'' genome, like other iridoviral genomes is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Transmission==<br />
Transmission of ranaviruses is thought to occur by multiple routes, including contaminated soil, direct contact, waterborne exposure, and ingestion of infected tissues during predation, necrophagy or cannibalism.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses are relatively stable in aquatic environments, persisting several week or longer outside a host organism. <ref name=Gray>{{cite journal | last1 = Gray | first1 = MJ | last2 = Miller | first2 = DL | last3 = Hoverman | first3 = JT | title = Ecology and pathology of amphibian ranaviruses | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 243-266 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20099417 | doi = 10.3354/dao02138}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Epizoology==<br />
Amphibian mass mortality events due to ''Ranavirus'' have been reported in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses have been isolated from wild populations of amphibians in Australia, but have not been associated with mass mortality on this continent.<ref name=Gray/><ref name=Speare>{{cite journal | last1 = Speare | first1 = R | last2 = Smith | first2 = JR | title = An iridovirus-like agent isolated from the ornate burrowing frog ''Limnodynastes ornatus'' in northern Australia | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 14 | pages = 51-57 | year = 1992}}</ref><ref name=Cullen>{{cite journal | last1 = Cullen | first1 = BR | last2 = Owens | first2 = L | title = Experimental challenge and clinical cases of Bohle iridovirus (BIV) in native Australian anurans | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 83-92 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12078986}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Synthesis of viral proteins begins within hours of viral entry<ref name=Chinchar2002/> with [[necrosis]] or [[apoptosis]] occurring as early as a few hours post-infection. <ref name= Chinchar2003>{{cite journal | last1 = Chinchar | first1 = VG | last2 = Bryan | first2 = L | last3 = Wang | first3 = J | last4 = Long | first4 = S | last5 = Chinchar | first5 = GD |title = Induction of apoptosis in frog virus 3-infected cells | journal = ''Virology'' | volume = 306 | pages = 303-312 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12642103 | doi = 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00039-9}}</ref><ref name=Williams/> <br />
<br />
===Gross Pathology===<br />
Gross lesions associated with ''Ranavirus'' infection include erythema, generalized swelling, hemorrhage, limb swelling, and swollen and friable livers.<ref name=Gray/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Decline in amphibian populations]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikispecies-inline|List of viruses}}<br />
* [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/585.html '''Viralzone''': Ranavirus]<br />
*[http://www.ranavirus.net Ranavirus Research Project]<br />
*[http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/otherdiseases-viruses.htm Viral Diseases of Amphibians]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]<br />
<br />
{{Virus-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[fr:Ranavirus]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranavirus&diff=190625353Ranavirus2011-05-05T18:42:54Z<p>Fish nerd: added category, corrected reference</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Ranavirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = ''[[Incertae sedis]]''<br />
| familia = [[Iridoviridae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Ranavirus'''''<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Types<br />
| subdivision =<br />
*''Ambystoma tigrinum'' virus (ATV)<br />
*frog virus 3 (FV3)<br />
*tiger frog virus (TFV)<br />
}}<br />
'''Ranavirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the family [[Iridoviridae]], one of the five families of [[nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses]] . ''Ranavirus'' is the only genus within ''Iridoviridae'' that includes viruses that are infectious to amphibians and reptiles, and one of only three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Lymphocystivirus]] and [[Megalocytivirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The ranaviruses, like the megalocytiviruses, are an [[emerging infectious disease|emerging]] group of closely related [[DNA|dsDNA]] viruses which cause [[systemic disease|systemic infections]] in a wide variety of wild and cultured fresh and saltwater fishes. As with megalocytiviruses, ''Ranavirus'' outbreaks are therefore of considerable economic importance in [[aquaculture]], as [[epizootic]]s can result in moderate fish loss or mass mortality events of cultured fishes. Unlike megalocytiviruses, however, ''Ranavirus'' infections in amphibians have been implicated as a contributing factor in the global decline of amphibian populations. The impact of ranaviruses on amphibian populations has been compared to the [[chytrid]] [[fungus]] ''[[Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis]]'', the causative agent of [[chytridomycosis]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.001 | title=Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America | year=2003 | author=Jancovich, J | journal=Virology | volume=316 | pages=90 | pmid=14599794 | last2=Mao | first2=J | last3=Chinchar | first3=VG | last4=Wyatt | first4=C | last5=Case | first5=ST | last6=Kumar | first6=S | last7=Valente | first7=G | last8=Subramanian | first8=S | last9=Davidson | first9=EW | issue=1 }}</ref><ref> Brunner 2004. Intraspecific reservoirs: complex life history and the persistence of a lethal Ranavirus. ''Ecology'', 85(2), 2004, pp. 560–566.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00735.x|title = Susceptibility of Italian agile frog populations to an emerging strain of Ranavirus parallels population genetic diversity|year = 2005|author = Pearman, Peter B.|journal = Ecology Letters|volume = 8|issue = 4|pages = 401|last2 = Garner|first2 = Trenton W. J.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
''Rana'' is derived from the [[Latin]] for "frog",<ref>{{cite web|title=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog}}</ref> reflecting the first isolation of a ''Ranavirus'' in [[1960s]] from ''[[Lithobates pipiens]]'', formerly ''Rana pipiens''.<ref name=Granoff>{{cite journal | last1 = Granoff | first1 = A | last2 = Came | first2 = PE | last3 = Rafferty | first3 = KA | title = The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog. | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 237-255 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220161 | doi = DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14278.x}}</ref><ref name=Gray/><ref name=Rafferty>{{cite journal | last1 = Rafferty | first1 = KA | title = The cultivation of inclusion-associated viruses from Lucke tumor frogs | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 3-21 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220167}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Ranavirus '' is composed of at least 6 recognized viral species, 3 of which are known to infect amphibians ([[Ambystoma tigrinum virus]] (ATV), [[Bohle iridovirus]] (BIV), and [[frog virus 3]]).<ref name = Chinchar/><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
Ranaviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring approximately 150 nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]] of roughly 105 kbp <ref name=Williams> Williams T, Barbosa-Solomieu V, Chinchar GD (2005). "A decade of advances in iridovirus research" 173-148. ''In'' Maramorosch K, Shatkin A (eds). ''Advances in virus research, Vol. 65'' Academic Press, New York, USA.</ref> which codes for around 100 gene products. <ref name=Chinchar2002>{{cite journal | last1 = Chinchar | first1 = VG | title = Ranaviruses (family ''Iridoviridae'') emerging cold-blooded killers | journal = ''Archives of Virology'' | volume = 147 | issue = 3 | pages = 447-470 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11958449 }}</ref> The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP).<br />
<br />
== Replication==<br />
Ranaviral replication is well-studied using the [[type species]] for the genus, frog virus 3 (FV3).<ref name=Chinchar/><ref name = Williams/> Replication of FV3 occurs between 12 and 32 degrees Celcius.<ref name=Chinchar2002/> Ranaviruses enter the host cell by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]].<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and subsequently move into the [[cell nucleus]], where viral [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then abandons the cell nucleus and begins the second stage of DNA replication in the cytoplasm, ultimately forming DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The viral DNA is then packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into infectious virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae''" 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The ''ranavirus'' genome, like other iridoviral genomes is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Transmission==<br />
Transmission of ranaviruses is thought to occur by multiple routes, including contaminated soil, direct contact, waterborne exposure, and ingestion of infected tissues during predation, necrophagy or cannibalism.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses are relatively stable in aquatic environments, persisting several week or longer outside a host organism. <ref name=Gray>{{cite journal | last1 = Gray | first1 = MJ | last2 = Miller | first2 = DL | last3 = Hoverman | first3 = JT | title = Ecology and pathology of amphibian ranaviruses | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 243-266 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20099417 | doi = 10.3354/dao02138}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Epizoology==<br />
Amphibian mass mortality events due to ''Ranavirus'' have been reported in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses have been isolated from wild populations of amphibians in Australia, but have not been associated with mass mortality on this continent.<ref name=Gray/><ref name=Speare>{{cite journal | last1 = Speare | first1 = R | last2 = Smith | first2 = JR | title = An iridovirus-like agent isolated from the ornate burrowing frog ''Limnodynastes ornatus'' in northern Australia | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 14 | pages = 51-57 | year = 1992}}</ref><ref name=Cullen>{{cite journal | last1 = Cullen | first1 = BR | last2 = Owens | first2 = L | title = Experimental challenge and clinical cases of Bohle iridovirus (BIV) in native Australian anurans | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 83-92 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12078986}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Decline in amphibian populations]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikispecies-inline|List of viruses}}<br />
* [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/585.html '''Viralzone''': Ranavirus]<br />
*[http://www.ranavirus.net Ranavirus Research Project]<br />
*[http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/otherdiseases-viruses.htm Viral Diseases of Amphibians]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]<br />
<br />
{{Virus-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[fr:Ranavirus]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranavirus&diff=190625352Ranavirus2011-05-05T18:39:47Z<p>Fish nerd: Substantially expanded existing stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Ranavirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = ''[[Incertae sedis]]''<br />
| familia = [[Iridoviridae]]<br />
| genus = '''''Ranavirus'''''<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Types<br />
| subdivision =<br />
*''Ambystoma tigrinum'' virus (ATV)<br />
*frog virus 3 (FV3)<br />
*tiger frog virus (TFV)<br />
}}<br />
'''Ranavirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the family [[Iridoviridae]], one of the five families of [[nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses]] . ''Ranavirus'' is the only genus within ''Iridoviridae'' that includes viruses that are infectious to amphibians and reptiles, and one of only three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Lymphocystivirus]] and [[Megalocytivirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The ranaviruses, like the megalocytiviruses, are an [[emerging infectious disease|emerging]] group of closely related [[DNA|dsDNA]] viruses which cause [[systemic disease|systemic infections]] in a wide variety of wild and cultured fresh and saltwater fishes. As with megalocytiviruses, ''Ranavirus'' outbreaks are therefore of considerable economic importance in [[aquaculture]], as [[epizootic]]s can result in moderate fish loss or mass mortality events of cultured fishes. Unlike megalocytiviruses, however, ''Ranavirus'' infections in amphibians have been implicated as a contributing factor in the global decline of amphibian populations. The impact of ranaviruses on amphibian populations has been compared to the [[chytrid]] [[fungus]] ''[[Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis]]'', the causative agent of [[chytridomycosis]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.001 | title=Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America | year=2003 | author=Jancovich, J | journal=Virology | volume=316 | pages=90 | pmid=14599794 | last2=Mao | first2=J | last3=Chinchar | first3=VG | last4=Wyatt | first4=C | last5=Case | first5=ST | last6=Kumar | first6=S | last7=Valente | first7=G | last8=Subramanian | first8=S | last9=Davidson | first9=EW | issue=1 }}</ref><ref> Brunner 2004. Intraspecific reservoirs: complex life history and the persistence of a lethal Ranavirus. ''Ecology'', 85(2), 2004, pp. 560–566.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00735.x|title = Susceptibility of Italian agile frog populations to an emerging strain of Ranavirus parallels population genetic diversity|year = 2005|author = Pearman, Peter B.|journal = Ecology Letters|volume = 8|issue = 4|pages = 401|last2 = Garner|first2 = Trenton W. J.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
''Rana'' is derived from the [[Latin]] for "frog",<ref>{{cite web|title=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frog}}</ref> reflecting the first isolation of a ''Ranavirus'' in [[1960s]] from ''[[Lithobates pipiens]]'', formerly ''Rana pipiens''.<ref name=Granoff>{{cite journal | last1 = Granoff | first1 = A | last2 = Came | first2 = PE | last3 = Rafferty | first3 = KA | title = The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog. | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 237-255 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220161 | doi = DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14278.x}}</ref><ref name=Gray/><ref name=Rafferty>{{cite journal | last1 = Rafferty | first1 = KA | title = The cultivation of inclusion-associated viruses from Lucke tumor frogs | journal = ''Annals of New York Academy of Science'' | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 3-21 | year = 1965 | pmid = 5220167}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Ranavirus '' is composed of at least 6 recognized viral species, 3 of which are known to infect amphibians ([[Ambystoma tigrinum virus]] (ATV), [[Bohle iridovirus]] (BIV), and [[frog virus 3]]).<ref name = Chinchar/><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
Ranaviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring approximately 150 nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]] of roughly 105 kbp <ref name=Williams> Williams T, Barbosa-Solomieu V, Chinchar GD (2005). "A decade of advances in iridovirus research" 173-148. ''In'' Maramorosch K, Shatkin A (eds). ''Advances in virus research, Vol. 65'' Academic Press, New York, USA.</ref> which codes for around 100 gene products. <ref name=Chinchar2002>{{cite journal | last1 = Chinchar | first1 = VG | title = Ranaviruses (family ''Iridoviridae'') emerging cold-blooded killers | journal = ''Archives of Virology'' | volume = 147 | issue = 3 | pages = 447-470 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11958449 }}</ref> The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP).<br />
<br />
== Replication==<br />
Ranaviral replication is well-studied using the [[type species]] for the genus, frog virus 3 (FV3).<ref name=Chinchar/><ref name = Williams/> Replication of FV3 occurs between 12 and 32 degrees Celcius.<ref name=Chinchar2002/> Ranaviruses enter the host cell by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]].<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and subsequently move into the [[cell nucleus]], where viral [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then abandons the cell nucleus and begins the second stage of DNA replication in the cytoplasm, ultimately forming DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The viral DNA is then packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into infectious virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae''" 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The ''ranavirus'' genome, like other iridoviral genomes is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Transmission==<br />
Transmission of ranaviruses is thought to occur by multiple routes, including contaminated soil, direct contact, waterborne exposure, and ingestion of infected tissues during predation, necrophagy or cannibalism.<ref name=Gray/> Ranaviruses are relatively stable in aquatic environments, persisting several week or longer outside a host organism. <ref name=Gray>{{cite journal | last1 = Gray | first1 = MJ | last2 = Miller | first2 = DL | last3 = Hoverman | first3 = JT | title = Ecology and pathology of amphibian ranaviruses | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 243-266 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20099417 | doi = 10.3354/dao02138}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Epizoology==<br />
Amphibian mass mortality events due to ''Ranavirus'' have been reported in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.< ref name=Gray /> Ranaviruses have been isolated from wild populations of amphibians in Australia, but have not been associated with mass mortality on this continent .< ref name=Gray/><ref name=Speare>{{cite journal | last1 = Speare | first1 = R | last2 = Smith | first2 = JR | title = An iridovirus-like agent isolated from the ornate burrowing frog ''Limnodynastes ornatus'' in northern Australia | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 14 | pages = 51-57 | year = 1992}}</ref><ref name=Cullen>{{cite journal | last1 = Cullen | first1 = BR | last2 = Owens | first2 = L | title = Experimental challenge and clinical cases of Bohle iridovirus (BIV) in native Australian anurans | journal = ''Diseases of Aquatic Organisms'' | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | pages = 83-92 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12078986}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Decline in amphibian populations]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikispecies-inline|List of viruses}}<br />
* [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/585.html '''Viralzone''': Ranavirus]<br />
*[http://www.ranavirus.net Ranavirus Research Project]<br />
*[http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/otherdiseases-viruses.htm Viral Diseases of Amphibians]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Virus-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[fr:Ranavirus]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700124Lymphocystivirus2011-04-27T19:44:57Z<p>Fish nerd: moved User:Fish nerd/Lymphocystivirus to Lymphocystivirus: New article moved from my userspace</p>
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<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family ''[[Iridoviridae]]'', and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with ''[[Megalocytivirus]]'' and ''[[Ranavirus]]''.<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which substantially reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref> No vaccines are currently available for lymphocystis viruses. <ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Lymphocystivirus'' is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on the relative lack of sequence similarity of an isolate from the [[olive flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceous'', to LCDV-1 and LCDV-2.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
Megalocytiviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2/>nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]]. The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP)<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
Lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]] similar to other iridoviruses.<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] with [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> [[diagnosis]] is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], [[serology]], and/or [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR)-based [[molecular biology|molecular]] [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Serology===<br />
Several serologic assays have been developed to identify LCDV infections, including [[flow cytometry]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia-Rosado | first1 = E | last2 = Castro | first2 = D | last3 = Cano | first3 = I | last4 = Perez-Prieto | first4 = SI |last5 = Borrego | first5 = JJ | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Serological techniques for detection of lymphocystis virus in fish | journal = ''Aquatic Living Resources'' | volume = 15 | pages = 179-185 | year = 2002}}</ref> [[immunoblot]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/><ref name=Cano2>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Alonso | first2 = MC | last3 = Garcia-Rosado | first3 = E | last4 = RodriguezSaint-Jean | first4 = S |last5 = Castro | first5 = D | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in asymptomatic cultured gilt-head seabream (''Spartus aurata'', L) using an immunoblot technique | journal = ''Veterinary Microbiology''| volume = 113 | pages = 137-141 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16298500 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.024}}</ref> and [[immunofluorescence]].<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/> However, PCR-based molecular assays are more practical for most applications.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
Published PCR primers and protocol are available to amplify a portion of the LCDV-1 MCP.<ref name=Cano/> When the PCR diagnostic assay is combined with [[slot blot]], diagnostic [[sensitivity]] is increased, facilitating the diagnosis of asymptomatic LCDV-1 infections.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
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[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700123Lymphocystivirus2011-04-27T19:42:10Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family ''[[Iridoviridae]]'', and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with ''[[Megalocytivirus]]'' and ''[[Ranavirus]]''.<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which substantially reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref> No vaccines are currently available for lymphocystis viruses. <ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Lymphocystivirus'' is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on the relative lack of sequence similarity of an isolate from the [[olive flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceous'', to LCDV-1 and LCDV-2.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
Megalocytiviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2/>nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]]. The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP)<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
Lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]] similar to other iridoviruses.<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] with [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> [[diagnosis]] is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], [[serology]], and/or [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR)-based [[molecular biology|molecular]] [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Serology===<br />
Several serologic assays have been developed to identify LCDV infections, including [[flow cytometry]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia-Rosado | first1 = E | last2 = Castro | first2 = D | last3 = Cano | first3 = I | last4 = Perez-Prieto | first4 = SI |last5 = Borrego | first5 = JJ | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Serological techniques for detection of lymphocystis virus in fish | journal = ''Aquatic Living Resources'' | volume = 15 | pages = 179-185 | year = 2002}}</ref> [[immunoblot]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/><ref name=Cano2>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Alonso | first2 = MC | last3 = Garcia-Rosado | first3 = E | last4 = RodriguezSaint-Jean | first4 = S |last5 = Castro | first5 = D | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in asymptomatic cultured gilt-head seabream (''Spartus aurata'', L) using an immunoblot technique | journal = ''Veterinary Microbiology''| volume = 113 | pages = 137-141 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16298500 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.024}}</ref> and [[immunofluorescence]].<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/> However, PCR-based molecular assays are more practical for most applications.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
Published PCR primers and protocol are available to amplify a portion of the LCDV-1 MCP.<ref name=Cano/> When the PCR diagnostic assay is combined with [[slot blot]], diagnostic [[sensitivity]] is increased, facilitating the diagnosis of asymptomatic LCDV-1 infections.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700121Lymphocystivirus2011-04-27T16:59:17Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family ''[[Iridoviridae]]'', and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with ''[[Megalocytivirus]]'' and ''[[Ranavirus]]''.<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which substantially reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref> No vaccines are currently available for lymphocystis viruses. <ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Lymphocystivirus'' is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on the relative lack of sequence similarity of an isolate from the [[olive flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceous'', to LCDV-1 and LCDV-2.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
Megalocytiviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2/>nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]]. The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP)<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
Lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]] similar to other iridoviruses.<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] with [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> [[diagnosis]] is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Serology===<br />
Several serologic assays have been developed to identify LCDV infections, including [[flow cytometry]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia-Rosado | first1 = E | last2 = Castro | first2 = D | last3 = Cano | first3 = I | last4 = Perez-Prieto | first4 = SI |last5 = Borrego | first5 = JJ | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Serological techniques for detection of lymphocystis virus in fish | journal = ''Aquatic Living Resources'' | volume = 15 | pages = 179-185 | year = 2002}}</ref> [[immunoblot]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/><ref name=Cano2>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Alonso | first2 = MC | last3 = Garcia-Rosado | first3 = E | last4 = RodriguezSaint-Jean | first4 = S |last5 = Castro | first5 = D | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in asymptomatic cultured gilt-head seabream (''Spartus aurata'', L) using an immunoblot technique | journal = ''Veterinary Microbiology''| volume = 113 | pages = 137-141 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16298500 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.024}}</ref> and [[immunofluorescence]].<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
Published PCR primers and protocol are available to amplify a portion of the LCDV-1 MCP.<ref name=Cano/> When the PCR diagnostic assay is combined with [[slot blot]], diagnostic [[sensitivity]] is increased, facilitating the diagnosis of asymptomatic LCDV-1 infections.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700120Lymphocystivirus2011-04-27T16:58:05Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family ''[[Iridoviridae]]'', and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with ''[[Megalocytivirus]]'' and ''[[Ranavirus]]''.<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which substantially reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref> No vaccines are currently available for lymphocystis viruses. <ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Lymphocystivirus'' is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on the relative lack of sequence similarity of an isolate from the [[olive flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceous'', to LCDV-1 and LCDV-2.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
Megalocytiviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2/>nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]]. The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP)<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
Lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]] similar to other iridoviruses.<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] with [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> [[diagnosis]] is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Serology===<br />
Several serologic assays have been developed to identify LCDV infections, including [[flow cytometry]],]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia-Rosado | first1 = E | last2 = Castro | first2 = D | last3 = Cano | first3 = I | last4 = Perez-Prieto | first4 = SI |last5 = Borrego | first5 = JJ | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Serological techniques for detection of lymphocystis virus in fish | journal = ''Aquatic Living Resources'' | volume = 15 | pages = 179-185 | year = 2002}}</ref> [[immunoblot]],<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/><ref name=Cano2>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Alonso | first2 = MC | last3 = Garcia-Rosado | first3 = E | last4 = RodriguezSaint-Jean | first4 = S |last5 = Castro | first5 = D | last6 = Borrego | first6 = JJ |title = Detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in asymptomatic cultured gilt-head seabream (''Spartus aurata'', L) using an immunoblot technique | journal = ''Veterinary Microbiology''| volume = 113 | pages = 137-141 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16298500 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.024}}</ref> and [[immunofluorescence]].<ref name=Garcia-Rosado/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
Published PCR primers and protocol are available to amplify a portion of the LCDV-1 MCP.<ref name=Cano/> When the PCR diagnostic assay is combined with [[slot blot]], diagnostic [[sensitivity]] is increased, facilitating the diagnosis of asymptomatic LCDV-1 infections.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700119Lymphocystivirus2011-04-26T21:17:04Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family ''[[Iridoviridae]]'', and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with ''[[Megalocytivirus]]'' and ''[[Ranavirus]]''.<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which substantially reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref> No vaccines are currently available for lymphocystis viruses. <ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family ''Iridoviridae'' is divided into five genera which include ''[[Chloriridovirus]]'', ''[[Iridovirus]]'', ''Lymphocystivirus'', ''Megalocytivirus'', and ''Ranavirus''. The genus ''Lymphocystivirus'' is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on the relative lack of sequence similarity of an isolate from the [[olive flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceous'', to LCDV-1 and LCDV-2.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
Megalocytiviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2/>nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]]. The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP)<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
Lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]] similar to other iridoviruses.<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700118Lymphocystivirus2011-04-26T21:13:17Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref> No vaccines are currently available for Lymphocystiviruses. <ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on the relative lack of sequence similarity of an isolate from the [[olive flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceous'', to LCDV-1 and LCDV-2.<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
Megalocytiviruses are large [[icosahedral]] DNA viruses measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2/>nm in diameter with a large single linear dsDNA [[genome]]. The main structural component of the [[protein]] [[capsid]] is the [[major capsid protein]] (MCP)<ref name=Cano/><br />
<br />
Lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]] similar to other iridoviruses.<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700117Lymphocystivirus2011-04-26T20:50:47Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
As iridoviruses, lymphocystiviruses attach to the host cell and enter by [[receptor-mediated endocytosis]].<ref>Eaton HE, Ring BA, Brunetti CR (2010). "The genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in the family ''Iridoviridae''." ''Viruses.'' 2:1458-1475. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/2/7/1458/pdf</ref> Infecting viral particles are uncoated and move to the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the cell, where [[DNA replication]] begins via a virally encoded [[DNA polymerase]].<ref name=Goorha>{{cite journal | last1 = Goorha | first1 = R | title = Frog virus 3 DNA replication occurs in two stages. | journal = Journal of virology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 519–28 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7109033| pmc = 256155}}</ref> Viral DNA then moves to the cytoplasm for the second stage of DNA replication, which results in the formation of DNA [[concatemers]].<ref name=Goorha/> The concatameric viral DNA is subsequently packaged via a [[headful mechanism]] into virions.<ref name=Chinchar>Chinchar VG, Essbauer S, He JG, Hyatt A, Miyazaki T, Seligy V, Williams T (2005). "Family ''Iridoviridae'' 145-162. ''In'' Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselburger U, Ball LA (eds). ''Virus Taxonomy, Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, San Diego, USA.</ref> The lymphocystis viral genome is [[circularly permuted]] and exhibits [[terminally redundant DNA|terminal redundancies]].<ref name=Goorha/><br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of papilloma-like skin lesions composed of greatly hypertrophied infected host cells embedded in extracellular matrix, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> These lesions proliferate as epithelial tumors in some cases.<ref name=Samalecos>{{cite journal | last1 = Samalecos | first1 = CP | title = Analysis of the structure of fish lymphocystis disease virions from skin tumours of pleuronectes | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 91 | pages = 1-10 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3753198 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700116Lymphocystivirus2011-04-26T19:57:18Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible papilloma-like skin lesions which reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Cano>{{cite journal | last1 = Cano | first1 = I | last2 = Ferro | first2 = P | last3 = Alonso | first3 = MC | last4 = Bergmann | first4 = SM |last5 = Romer-Oberdorfer | first5 = A |last6 = Garcia-Rosado | first6 = E |last7 = Castro | first7 = D |last8 = Borrego | first8 = JJ |title = Development of molecular techniques for detection of lymphocystis disease virus in different marine fish species | journal = Journal of Applied Microbiology | volume = 102 | pages = 32-40 | year = 2006}}</ref><ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of greatly hypertrophied cells, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<ref name=Harikrishnan>{{cite journal | last1 = Harikrishnan | first1 = R | last2 = Kim | first2 = MC | last3 = Kim | first3 = JS | last4 = Balasundaram | first4 = C | last5 = Heo | first5 = MS |title = Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceous | journal = Fish and Shellfish Immunology | volume = 29 | pages = 862-867 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20688171 | doi = doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.032}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700115Lymphocystivirus2011-04-26T19:35:59Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[lymphocystis]]. <br />
While lymphocystis does not cause mass mortality events like megalocytiviruses and ranaviruses, fish with lymphocystis exhibit grossly visible skin lesions which reduce their commercial value.<ref name=Hossain>{{cite journal | last1 = Hossain | first1 = M | last2 = Kim | first2 = SR | last3 = Oh | first3 = MJ | title = The lymphocystis diseases in the Olive flounder, ''Paralichthys olivaceous'' | journal = University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University | volume = 26 | pages = 59–62 | year = 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]]. The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref> The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus.<ref name=Essbauer2/> Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Gross pathology===<br />
The pathology of lymphocystis consists of greatly hypertrophied cells, sometimes called lymphocystis tumor cells, which are grossly evident as white spots on the skin and fins of infected fish.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> Hyaline capsules arise from the extracellular matrix that is produced by the infected cells,<ref name=Essbauer2/> and are composed of sulphated and carboxylated glycoproteins (acid mucopolysaccharides).<ref name=Essbauer2/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/><ref name=Essbauer2>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Fischer | first2 = U | last3 = Bergmann | first3 = S | last4 = Ahne | first4 = W | title = Investigations on the ORF 167L of Lymphocystis Disease Virus (''Iridoviridae'')| journal = Virus Genes | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 19-39| year = 2004 | pmid = 14739649 | doi = 10.1023/B:VIRU.0000012261.96217.fe}}</ref> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700113Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T22:13:18Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as transformation and hypertrophy in cells of the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus. Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700112Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T22:12:00Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis disease is a chronic disease that rarely causes mortality.<ref name=Essbauer/> Infection causes transformation and hypertrophy (approximately 1000x) of cells in the dermis, forming grossly visible lymphocystis nodules, as well as the connective tissues of various internal organs.<ref name=Essbauer/> [[Fibroblasts]] and [[osteoblasts]] are specifically targeted by the virus. Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700111Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T21:57:48Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses''| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700110Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T21:55:34Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy Report of the seventh International| journal = Journal of fish diseases | publisher = Academic Press| location = New York, NY, USA|year = 2000 }}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700109Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T21:53:15Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=vanRegenmortel>{{cite book | last1 = vanRegenmortel | first1 = MHV | last2 = Fauquet | first2 = CM | last3 = Bishop | first3 = DHL | last4 = Carstens | first4 = EB | last5 = Estes | first5 = MK |last6 = Lemon | first6 = SM | last7 = Maniloff | first7 = J| last 8 = Mayo | first8 = MA | last9 = McGeoch | first9 = DJ | last10 = Pringle | first10 = CR | last11 = Wickner| first 11 = RB | title = ''Virus Taxonomy Report of the seventh International| journal = Journal of fish diseases | year = 2000 | }}</ref><br />
<br />
Academic Press, New York, USA<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700108Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T16:09:38Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=van Regenmortel> van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, Maniloff J, Mayo MA, McGeoch DJ, Pringle CR, Wickner RB. (2000). ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, New York, USA.</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700107Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T16:02:14Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and codes for two DNA-dependent [[RNA polymerase]] subunits, a [[DNA methyltransferase]], a [[DNA polymerase]], a guanosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase ([[GTPase]]), a [[helicase]], [[protein kinase]]s, a ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, and [[zinc-finger protein]]s, among others. <ref name=Tidona>{{cite journal | last1 = Tidona | first1 = CA | last2 = Darai | first2 = G | title = The complete DNA sequence of LCDV | journal = Virology | volume = 230 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–216 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9143276 | doi = doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8456}}</ref><br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
The LCDV-2 genome is similar to that of LCDV-1 but is slightly smaller, approximately 98 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length.<ref name=van Regenmortel>van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, Maniloff J, Mayo MA, McGeoch DJ, Pringle CR, Wickner RB. (2000). ''Virus Taxonomy, Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.'' Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700106Lymphocystivirus2011-04-22T15:17:34Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
LCDV-1 infects [[European flounder]],''Platichthys flesus'', and [[European plaice]], ''Pleuronectes platessa'', whereas LCDV-2 infects the [[common dab]], ''Limanda limanda''.<ref name=Essbauer/><br />
<br />
==LCDV Genome==<br />
Lymphocystiviruses are Group I viruses with a dsDNA [[genome]].<br />
<br />
===LCDV-1===<br />
The LCDV-1 genome is approximately 102.7 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length, with 195 potential [[open reading frames]] (ORF), and includes a [[DNA dependent RNA polymerase]] subunit, a [[guanine triphosphate]] (GTP) [[phosphohydrolase]], a [[helicase]], and [[zinc-finger protein]]s.<br />
<br />
===LCDV-2===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in [[cell culture]],<ref name=Essbauer/> placing limitations on ''[[in vitro]]'' molecular pathogenesis experiments.<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
As Lymphocystis viruses are not easily grown in cell culture,<ref name=Essbauer/> diagnosis is based on [[clinical signs]], [[gross pathology]], [[histopathology]], and/or [[PCR]]-based molecular [[assay]]s.<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis histopathology of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700105Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T20:46:15Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[freshwater]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700104Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T20:44:40Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[fresh water|fresh-]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus. The genus Lymphocystivirus is composed of at least two recognized viral species, [[Lymphocystis Disease Virus 1]] (LCDV-1) and [[LCDV-2]].<ref name=Essbauer/> A third species, [[LCDV-C]] has also been proposed based on...<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles typically measuring from 198-227 nm in diameter<ref name=Essbauer/> (in some cases as large as 380 nm)<ref name=Essbauer/> and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700103Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T20:05:26Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[fresh water|fresh-]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The family Iridoviridae is divided into five genera which include [[Chloriridovirus]], [[Iridovirus]], Lymphocystivirus, Megalocytivirus, and Ranavirus.<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Viruses]]<br />
[[Category:Fish diseases]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700102Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T20:02:13Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[fresh water|fresh-]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a recent comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four unrelated marine species, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', the "sting fish" or [[Sebastes|Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700101Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T20:00:10Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[fresh water|fresh-]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four species of marine fish, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/> In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/> The species examined in this study included the [[Olive flounder|Olive or Japanese flounder]], ''Paralichthys olivaceus'', [[Sebastes|the sting fish or Schlegel's black rockfish]], ''Sebastes schegeli'', the [[suzuki|Japanese sea bass]], ''Lateolabrax japonicus'', and the [[white-spotted puffer]], ''Arothron hispidus''.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700100Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T19:45:23Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystiviruses infect more than 140 [[fresh water|fresh-]] and [[seawater|marine]] species,<ref name=Essbauer>{{cite journal | last1 = Essbauer | first1 = S | last2 = Ahne | first2 = W | title = Viruses of Lower Vertebrates | journal = Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health| volume = 48 | Issue = 6 | pages = 403–475 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550762 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00473.x}}</ref> spanning at least 42 host families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the chronic, self-limiting clinical disease, [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four species of marine fish, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive [[hyaline capsules]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700099Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T18:25:19Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> Lymphocystivirus infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide,<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref> causing the clinical disease [[Lymphocystis]]. <br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four species of [[seawater|marine]] fish, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive hyaline capsules.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700098Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T16:56:14Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The clinical disease [[Lymphocystis]] is caused by members of the genus Lymphocystivirus which infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide.<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four species of [[seawater|marine]] fish, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive hyaline capsules.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700097Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T16:55:40Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The clinical disease [[Lymphocystis]] is caused by members of the genus Lymphocystivirus which infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide.<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four species of [[saltwater|marine]] fish, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive hyaline capsules.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700096Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T16:53:13Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The clinical disease [[Lymphocystis]] is caused by members of the genus Lymphocystivirus which infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide.<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
In a comparison of lymphocystis [[histopathology]] of four species of [[marine]] fish, [[lesion]]s consistently associated with lymphocystis included [[hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] cells displaying irregular nuclei, [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]ic [[inclusion bodies]] that stained positively via [[Feulgen and Mann's reaction]], and [[Periodic acid-Shiff]] (PAS)-positive hyaline capsules.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
In contrast, the inclusion body shape, distribution of viral particles within the cytoplasm, and overall appearance of lymphocystis nodules varied by species.<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Electron Microscopy===<br />
[[Transmission electron microscopy]] (TEM) of infected cells reveals cytoplasmic virus particles measuring from 200-220 nm in diameter and electron-dense substances in the [[perinuclear space]].<ref name = Sheng/><br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700095Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T16:34:36Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The clinical disease [[Lymphocystis]] is caused by members of the genus Lymphocystivirus which infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide.<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first 4 = Y | title = Compartive studies on histopathological features of lymphocystisvirus | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | issue = 5 | pages = | year = 2007 |url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZSCK200705021.htm}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700094Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T16:21:42Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The clinical disease caused by members of Lymphocysivirus is known as [[Lymphocystis]] and infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide.<br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700093Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T16:20:21Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref> The clinical disease caused by members of Lymphocysivirus is known as [[Lymphocystis]] and infects more than 125 species, spanning 42 families worldwide.<ref name=Sheng>{{cite journal | last1 = Sheng | first1 = X | last2 = Xing | first2 = J | last3 = Zhan | first3 = W | last4 = Wang | first4 = Y | title = Comparative studies on histopathological features of lymphocystis disease in four species of marine fish | journal = Journal of Fishery Sciences of China | volume = | issue = | pages = | year = 2007 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = CNKI:SUN:ZSCK.0.2007-05-021}}</ref><br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Diagnostic Pathology==<br />
<br />
<br />
===Histopathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Molecular Pathology===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700092Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T15:55:17Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]], and one of three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref><br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
==Structure and Replication==<br />
==Transmission and Epizoology==<br />
==Pathogenesis==<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700091Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T15:52:47Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five [[genus|genera]] of [[virus]]es within the viral family [[Iridoviridae]] and one of the three genera within this family which infect [[teleostei|teleost]] [[fish]]es, along with [[Megalocytivirus]] and [[Ranavirus]].<ref name=Whittington>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittington | first1 = RJ | last2 = Becker | first2 = JA | last3 = Dennis | first3 = MM | title = Iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses | journal = Journal of fish diseases | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–122 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20050967 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01110.x}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700090Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T15:51:02Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five genera within the viral family Iridoviridae.<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700089Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T15:50:09Z<p>Fish nerd: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Lymphocystivirus]]''<br><br />
'''''Megalocytivirus'''''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five genera within the viral family Iridoviridae.<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerdhttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphocystivirus&diff=190700088Lymphocystivirus2011-04-21T15:48:32Z<p>Fish nerd: ←Created page with '{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date={{Subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{Subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{Subst:Nul|<==do not change this line it will set the date automatic...'</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=April 2011}} <br />
{{Taxobox<br />
| name = Lymphocystivirus<br />
| image =<br />
| image_width =<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| virus_group = i<br />
| ordo = <br />
| familia = ''[[Iridoviridae]]''<br />
| subfamilia = <br />
| genus = '''''Lymphocystivirus'''''<br />
| type_species = <br />
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<br />
| subdivision =''[[Chloriridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Iridovirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Lymphocystivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Megalocytivirus]]''<br><br />
''[[Ranavirus]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lymphocystivirus''' is one of five genera within the viral family Iridoviridae.<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.example.com/ example.com] <br />
<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]</div>Fish nerd