Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Wikipedia:Leipzig

2024-11-15T18:59:03Z

Enock4seth: /* Nächster Stammtisch */ Ich komme

{{Index-Treffen der Wikipedianer}}
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{{Treffen|Montag|18.11.|18:00 Uhr}}
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Hier werden die [[Wikipedia:Treffen|Treffen]] der [[:Kategorie:Benutzer:aus Leipzig|Wikipedianer in Leipzig]] koordiniert. Berichte von vorhergehenden Treffen können im [[Wikipedia:Leipzig/Treffen-Archiv|Archiv]] nachgelesen werden.

Uhrzeit im Zweifel immer 18 Uhr.
 
__toc__

== Lokale ==
;waren wir schon, gehen wir wieder hin:
<div style="column-width:15em">
* [http://www.zuckerhut.de/ Zuckerhut]
* [http://www.mio-leipzig.de/ Mio]
* [http://www.schnitzel-culture.de/ Schnitzel-Culture]
* [http://www.maharani-leipzig.de/ Maharani]
* [https://www.ditaly.de/ DˋITALY] (ehem. Kellari/ Kritton-Kouzina)
* [http://toskana-leipzig.de/ Toskana]
* [http://sappho-leipzig.de/index.html Sappho]
* [http://www.apels-garten.de/ Apels Garten]
* [http://www.valentino-leipzig.de/ Valentino]
* [http://paulaner-leipzig.de/ Paulaner]
* [http://www.vonmeck.com/1_1_Home.html Von Meck]
* [http://www.substanzleipzig.de/ Substanz]
* [http://www.zunftkeller.de/ Zunftkeller]
* [http://www.fradiavolo-leipzig.de/html.php/ Fra Diavolo]
* [https://www.leipziger-hof.de/ Leipziger Hof]
* [https://www.kildare.de Kildare City Pub]
* [https://www.umaii.de/ Umaii]
* [http://schrebers.com/ Schrebers]
* [http://www.andria-leipzig.de/de/ Andria]
* [https://www.thueringer-hof.de/de/ Thüringer Hof]
* [https://www.bayerischer-bahnhof.de/ Bayerischer Bahnhof]
* Il Mondo am Gutenbergplatz
* [http://www.casablanca-leipzig.de/ Casablanca]
* [http://moertelwerk.de/ Mørtelwerk]
* [http://www.killiwilly.de/ Killywilly]
* [https://www.luise-leipzig.de/ Café Louise]
* [https://www.helena-leipzig.de/ Helena]
</div>

;könnten wir mal hingehen:
* [https://akkohummusbar.eatbu.com/?lang=de Akko]
* Café Puschkin

== Nächster Stammtisch ==
;Wann?
:Montag, 18. November 2024

;Wo?
:[http://www.killiwilly.de/ Killywilly] in der Südvorstadt

;Wer?
* --[[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] • [[Benutzer Diskussion:Don-kun|Diskussion]] 12:42, 28. Okt. 2024 (CET) Bin erkältet. Verschieben?
:Mir gehts auch eher mittelmäßig, wäre also vielleicht nicht so verkehrt. Damit ich bei einem Ersatztermin da bin, müsste der aber spätestens am Montag den 18.11. sein, danach bin ich bis Mitte Dezember wieder außer Reichweite. --[[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Ali1610|Diskussion]]) 11:41, 12. Nov. 2024 (CET)
::An mir soll es nicht liegen und die Rüsselpest müssen wir nicht auch noch weitergeben. Ob ich aber dann auch kann, kann ich noch nicht sagen. –[[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Falk2|Diskussion]]) 14:12, 12. Nov. 2024 (CET)
:::Damit es evtl. ein bisschen schneller geht mit der Abstimmung, pinge ich mal {{ping|Pomfuttge|Sascha Claus}}... --[[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Ali1610|Diskussion]]) 17:51, 12. Nov. 2024 (CET)
::::Ich habe jetzt verschoben auf Montag und hoffe, dass dann alle gesund sind. --[[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] • [[Benutzer Diskussion:Don-kun|Diskussion]] 09:44, 13. Nov. 2024 (CET)
* --[[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Ali1610|Diskussion]]) 17:11, 29. Okt. 2024 (CET)
* --[[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] [[Benutzer Diskussion:Sascha Claus|✉]] 19:34, 14. Nov. 2024 (CET) (war die letzten Tage abwesend vom heimischen Netz und die letzten Stunden abwesend vom WP-Kennwort, daher nur lesend; war aber heute nicht im Süden :-), komme am Mo.)
* –[[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Falk2|Diskussion]]) 01:46, 12. Nov. 2024 (CET)
* --[[Benutzer:Enock4seth|Enock4seth]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Enock4seth|Diskussion]]) 19:59, 15. Nov. 2024 (CET)
* ...

;Vielleicht
* ...

;Diesmal nicht, beim nächsten Mal wieder
* --[[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Pomfuttge|Diskussion]]) 18:51, 15. Nov. 2024 (CET)
* ...

== Berichte über vergangene Stammtische und Events ==
=== Donnerstag, 12. September 2024 ===
[[File:Carolabrücke-Dresden-Einsturz-Brückenzug-C-2024-09-11-1200018 entwickelt.jpg|mini|kaputt]]
Den Freitag den 13. meidend fanden sich [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] und [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] am Donnerstag den 12. im [https://www.luise-leipzig.de/ Café Louise] ein. Zwischendurch kam ein fünfter Gast hinzu, der "seinen" Artikel ergänzen wollte, aber nicht konnte oder es verboten (?) bekam. Nach einiger Zeit ließ man ihn mit einigen Ratschlägen ziehen. Den Rest des Abends wurde gesprochen über die [[Deutsche Bahn]], deren Verspätungen, Ausfälle und Zugreiseumplanungen sowie Gültigkeit der im Voraus gebuchten Fahrkarten; unklare Bahnhofscodes auf den Fahrkarten, jüngste Wahlen in Sachsen und Thüringen sowie die vorherigen kommunalen; was gab es überhaupt für Themen in der Leipziger Stadtratswahl und über was entscheidet der Stadtrat; [[Carolabrücke (Dresden)]] und die Hochwassergefahr am Wochenende, jüngste Adminkandidaturen; Korrekt(o/u)ren; sehr hartnäckige und bizarre Vandalen oder Trolle - oder doch nur irgendwie verwirrte Leute?; Review von [[Idol (Yoasobi-Lied)]] und andere Reviews; frittiertes Snickers-Eis zum Nachtisch, über die Idee, im Sommer mal wieder einen Stammtisch am [[Lindenauer Hafen]] zu veranstalten, ...

=== Freitag, 19. Juli 2024 ===
In der [https://www.substanzleipzig.de Substanz] in Reudnitz trafen sich [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] mit Begleitung, [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]] und [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]]. Besprochen wurden u. a.: Die schwindende Anzahl an Stammtischteilnehmenden (und dann kamen noch zwei unangekündigt); die Löschprüfung von [[Lee Guttman]]; die kürzliche Diskussion zum [[Diskussion:Leipzig Hauptbahnhof|Leipziger Hauptbahnhof]]; ob wir im Dezember noch mal nach [[Wikipedia:Chemnitz-Zwickau|Chemnitz]] schauen wollen; der [[Wikipedia:Dresden|Stammtisch Dresden]] und das [[Wikipedia:Dresdner Modell|Dresdner Modell]]; über Hochstraße und die S-Bahn in [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]] sowie das Projekt [[Västlänken]] in [[Göteborg]]; über die Fähre zwischen Schweden und Finnland; über Urlaub im Baltikum; über Details zum Gießen verschiedener Metalle und Legierungen; über die [[Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung|BGE]] in Niedersachsen, über [[Linux]]-Distributionen, ...

=== Sonnabend, 18. Mai 2024 ===
An diesem, vom WGT sehr belebten, Abend in der Leipziger Innenstadt trafen sich [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]] und [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] im [https://www.umaii.de/ Umaii]. Neben dem WGT gingen die Gespräche unter anderem um die vergangene und kommende [[WP:WikiCon]]; Städte, die man durch WikiCons und ähnliche Veranstaltungen kennenlernte; [[WP:Jungwikipedianer|Jungwikipedianer]]; abnehmende Aktivität in einigen Themenbereichen und allgemein weniger Wikipedianer; andere Stammtische; Restaurantkritik zu diversen Leipziger Lokalitäten; Bebilderung medizinischer Artikel in der Wikipedia; (Reaktivierung von) Bahnstrecken in der näheren Umgebung wie [[Bahnstrecke Beucha–Trebsen]]; [[Muldentalradweg]]; Fernverkehrsanschluss von Chemnitz; Bahnfahren nach Kassel und über Nordhausen; aktuelle Umleitungen und Sperrungen; [[Eurovision Song Contest 2024]], die Teilnehmer, Songs und Kontroversen; aktuelle [[Anime]]-Serien; ...

=== Freitag, 6. April 2024 (Treffen mit [[Wikipedia:Hannover|WP:Hannover]]) ===
Außerplanmäßig fand an diesem Tag ein Stammtisch im [https://www.bayerischer-bahnhof.de/ Gasthaus und Gosebrauerei Bayerischer Bahnhof] statt, da eine Delegation aus der Leipziger Partnerstadt Hannover angereist war. Vielen Dank an [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] für das Herstellen des Kontakts! Anwesend waren: [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] selbst, [[Benutzerin:Mascarada17|Mascarada17]], [[Benutzer:Nortix08|Nortix08]], [[Benutzer:Onkel Tomm|Onkel Tomm]], [[User:Stobaios|Stobaios]], [[Benutzerin:ScheWo|ScheWo]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzer:Bernd Schwabe in Hannover|Bernd Schwabe in Hannover]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] und [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]]. Neben den allgemeinen Themen wie der [[Deutsche Nationalbibliothek|Deutschen Nationalbibliothek]] zu Leipzig und den Gepflogenheiten der Leipziger und Halleschen Stammtische fanden zunächst Einzelgespräche in kleineren Runden statt. Zwischendrin wurde durchgewechselt. Als alle da waren, gab es eine allgemeine Vorstellungsrunde. Unter anderem wurde danach besprochen, wie die Lokale Vertretung von Wikipedia in Hannover arbeitet; über die Planung zum gesamtsächsischen Stammtisch; über ein Projekt der Hannoveraner zu georeferenzierten Artikeln sowie wie bei alten Landkarten auf Commons die Openstreetmap im Hintergrund einblendet werden kann; über das Projekt [[Wikipedia:Hannover/Termine#WikiFrauenHannover|WikiFrauenHannover]]; über das Gebäude des [[Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof|Bayerischen Bahnhofs]], in dem das Restaurant lag; über den Hannoveraner Dialekt; über unsinnige Bearbeitungen, u. a. zum Thema Klimawandel; über die automatische Übersetzung von SVG-Dateien sowie kurz über die Qualität von automatischen Übersetzungen; dann noch zum Fall des [[Wikipedia:Kontor Hamburg|Wikipedia-Kontors]] in Hamburg, ... Nun ist auch der Reisebericht der Delegation veröffentlicht [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia_Hannover_in_Leipzig_2024,_der_Reisebericht.pdf]]. Die vielen Bilder, die wir geschossen haben,und Bernds Scans findet ihr hier [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Hannover_in_Leipzig_2024]]

=== Freitag, 22. März 2024 ===
[[Datei:Wikiläum-Münzen 5-20 Jahre Vorderseiten gefächert.jpg|mini|Beispielfoto der Wikiläums-Medaillen]]
Im [https://www.ditaly.de/ DˋITALY] trafen sich an einem verregneten Abend zu italienischer Küche [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:Proxy|Proxy]], [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]] und [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]]. Besprochen wurden die parallel stattfindende [[Leipziger Buchmesse]] und die Anfahrt zum Stammtisch; der geplante gesamtsächsische Stammtisch, von dem die Diskussion jetzt auf die hiesige Diskussionsseite übertragen wurde; über Zusammenarbeit mit [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Deutschland|WMDE]], Wikipedia-Visitenkarten und über die Medaillen zum [[Wikipedia:Wikiläum|Wikiläum]], die man sich für 5, 10, 15 und 20-jährige Mitarbeit schicken lassen kann; es wurde auf die 20jährige Mitarbeit von Proxy angestoßen; die weitere Zusammenarbeit mit dem Stadtarchiv Leipzig (eher am Wochenende); über die Unterschiede Nord- und Süditaliens und wozu eigentlich die Rom gehört; Erweiterungen des [[S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland|S-Bahnnetzes Halle-Leipzig]], die öffentlich diskutiert werden; warum Menschen Spanisch lernten zu DDR-Zeiten; wieder das Thema mit den Administratoren; über Elon Musk und das Buch seiner Mutter [[Maye Musk]]; dann noch die Bitte, dass der [[Wikipedia:Halle|Stammtisch in Halle]] zukünftig an einem Freitag stattfinden möge; über das geplante Treffen mit [[Wikipedia:Hannover]] im Bayerischen Bahnhof; ...

=== Führung Gedenkstätte für Zwangsarbeit Leipzig ===
[[Datei:HASAG (Leipzig) - ehemaliges Verwaltungsgebäude um 1940 (cropped).jpg|rahmenlos|rechts|hochkant=0.8|ehemaliges HASAG-Verwaltungsgebäude]]
Am 7. März 2024 waren [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] und [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]] zu einer exklusiven Führung durch das ehemalige [[HASAG]]-Gelände an der [[Permoserstraße (Leipzig)|Permoserstraße]] (heute [[Wissenschaftspark Leipzig]]) mit Gedenkstätten-Mitarbeiterin sowie ausführlichen Gesprächen zur Arbeit der Gedenkstätte.

=== Donnerstag, 22. Februar 2024 ===
[[Datei:Stadtarchiv Leipzig - Eingangsportal.jpg|rahmenlos|rechts|hochkant=0.8|Eingang des Stadtarchiv Leipzig]]
Auf Einladung des Archivs trafen sich an diesem Februardonnerstag [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:A. Wagner|A. Wagner]], [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]], [[Benutzer:Frupa|Frupa]], [[Benutzer:Haendelfan|Haendelfan]] und [[Benutzer:Stepro|Stepro]] zu einer kleinen Führung im [[Stadtarchiv Leipzig|Stadtarchiv]]. Der nun nachgeholte (im letzten Jahr ausgefallene) Besuch war als Kennenlerntermin mit der Arbeit des Archiv und der Leipziger Community geplant, bildet nun den Anfang einer neuen längerfristigen Zusammenarbeit.

[[Datei:Stadtarchiv Leipzig - Buch des Ratsarchiv der Stadt Leipzig von 1742.jpg|rahmenlos|rechts|hochkant=0.5|Ratsbuch der Stadt Leipzig von 1742]]
Neben dem [[Gustav Wustmann|Wustmann]]-Saal und der Nachbildung des alten "geheimen" Ratsarchiv-Zimmers (als ''[[Aerarium]]'' bez.) sahen wir auch die sonst verborgenen Schätze im Magazin des Hauses. Dort lagern neben den alten Akten der Stadt unzählige wertvolle Schätze zur Geschichte Leipzigs z.B. aus Nachlässen, darunter Gerichts- und Firmendokumente, Architekten-Unterlagen sowie ca. 4.000 historische Urkunden, 90.000 Karten und nahezu 350.000 Foografien, welche eine Gesamtlänge von etwa 12.500 lfm. Archivalien ausmacht. Hierbei hat uns besonders das alte Ratsarchiv der Stadt mit seinen für ihr Alter gut erhalten Jahrgangsbücher begeistert. In eines durften wir einen Blick werfen, konnten dabei hautnah die Schwierigkeiten und Aufgaben bei der Erschließung und Erhaltung von [[Archiv#Archivgut|Archivgut]] erörtern. Danach ging es noch ins ''Blaue Kabinett'', wo wir gemeinsam unsere gegenseitigen Erwartungen und Pläne für eine zukünftige Zusammenarbeit besprachen.

So soll es demnächst ein neues Kooperationsprojekt mit dem Archiv geben, welches die Basis für die enzyklopädische Auswertung und Erabeitung der Archivbestände in vielen verschiedenen Ansätzen bieten soll. So wollen wir neben dem freien Zugang zu den Fotografien und Dokumenten, auch die Möglichkeit nutzen Nachforschung in den verschiedenen Projektideen anzustellen, dazu zählen u.a. die Aufarbeitung der Geschichte von zerstörten/abgebrochenen ehemaligen Bauten in Leipzig sowie die Dokumentation des Lebens historischer Persönlichkeiten mit Bezug zur Stadt. Zum Abschluß wurden wir noch zum [https://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/veranstaltungen-und-termine/eventsingle/event/essen-und-trinken-offene-tueren-zum-tag-der-archive-2024 diesjährigen Tag des Archive] am 02. März eingeladen und die Hoffnung ausgesprochen, das unsere begonnenen Kontakte im geplanten Projekt (''Anm.: weitere Informationen dazu folgen demnächst'') gegenseitig Früchte trägt. 
 (siehe auch bisherige [[:c:Category:Fotosammlung Stadtarchiv Leipzig|Fotosammlung Stadtarchiv Leipzig]])

=== Donnerstag, 25. Januar 2024 ===
Im [http://www.zunftkeller.de/ Zunftkeller] trafen sich an diesem Donnerstag [[s:Benutzer:Haendelfan]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]] und [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]]. Haendelfan konnten wir erstmals beim Stammtisch begrüßen. Wir sprachen unter anderem über den Bahnstreik, lokale Eisenbahnunternehmen und entsprechend nicht vom Streik betroffene Strecken, Demonstrationen, aktuelle und klassische [[Anime]] und Animationsqualität, [[Limited Animation]], Transkription und Transliteration, [[Exonym]]e, alte Zeitschriften wie [[Die Gartenlaube]],

=== Donnerstag, 16. November 2023 ===
Trotz einiger Schwierigkeiten des gegenseitigen Findens trafens ich an diesem Abend [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]] und [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] im [https://www.leosbrasserie.de/ Leo's Brasserie]. Ein Lokal, in das wir häufiger gehen sollten, weil gut und günstig, aber dann wenn man draußen sitzen kann, denn die laute Musik hat gestört. Die Gespräche drehten sich unter anderem um junge/neue Kollegen und Jobsuche; die (nicht)Notwendigkeit, Auto zu fahren; Augenoperationen; Umziehen und sich erwachsen fühlen; Waschmaschinen anschließen; Bahnstreik und dessen Auswirkungen; DDR-Nostalgie-Wagen nach Chemnitz; rollender Stammtisch; [[WP:Chemnitz|Chemnitzer Stammtisch]] und [[WP:C25|Aktionen zu Chemnitz als Kulturhauptstadt 2025]]; Die vergangene [[WP:WikiCon 2023|WikiCon 2023]] in [[Linz]] und deren Programmpunkte; vergangener [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia auf der YaYuCo|Editathon auf einer Anime-Convention]]; Neulingsgewinnungsaktionen, die alle nichts bringen; skurrile Dauervandalen; (zu?) anspruchsvolle Wettbewerbe; ...

=== Donnerstag, 14. September 2023 ===
[[Datei:L01 564 Anleger Naturkundemuseum.jpg|mini|Rechts die Terrasse des Restaurants]]
Im [https://www.ditaly.de/ D’ITALY], gleich neben dem [[Elstermühlgraben (Leipzig)|Elstermühlgraben]], trafen sich [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]],
[[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]] und der Überraschungsgast [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] . Zu italienischer Küche wurde sich unterhalten über die folgenden Themen: Wie am Ort erst das Restaurant ''Kellari'' war (Stammtisch vom 13. März 2020), dann das ''Kritton-Kouzina'' (Stammtisch vom 28. April 2023) und nun ist hier seit einem Monat das ''D’Italy''. Außerdem: [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]] schreibt Besucher der Stammtische an; die [[Wikipedia:WikiCon 2023|Wikicon 2023 in Linz]] mit drei Leipziger Teilnehmern; ungünstige Tastaturlayouts; die neue Schriftart für Überschriften (siehe diese [[Wikipedia:Umfragen/Darstellungsprobleme in Überschriften|Umfrage]]); die [[Blindgänger]]belastung um Leipzig und daraus folgend der Artikel zum [[Massaker von Abtnaundorf]]; Bebilderung von Artikeln mit unangenehmen/abschreckenden Bildern; der Artikel in Vorbereitung zur VVB ABUS; Probleme bei zu viel Regen; Dentalhygiene bei Hauskatzen; Tier-OPs und entsprechende Versicherung; Geschichten aus dem Büro, zum Beispiel wenn man als Letzter abends inmitten gruseliger Geräusche ausharrt; MangaDay am nachfolgenden Samstag; Wettbewerbe in der Wikipedia, insbesondere der dieses Mal spannende [[Wikipedia:Wartungsbausteinwettbewerb|Wartungsbausteinwettbewerb]]; Commons und Karten und [[Wikipedia:Spoiler]].

=== Mittwoch, 19. Juli 2023 ===
Im [https://www.schnitzel-culture.de/ Schnitzel Culture] trafen sich am 19. Juli [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:Jeb|Jeb]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]], [[Benutzer:Invertiert|Invertiert]] und [[Benutzer:MinnaJohanna2|MinnaJohanna2]]. Themen waren unter anderem [[Amnesie]] in unterschiedlichen Formen ([[Puberale Amnesie]], frühkindliche Amnesie und trügerische Erinnerungen); Hörgeräte; Reisen in diversen europäischen Ländern, vor allem mit der Bahn; Autobahnbau um Leipzig; der Grabstein von [[Ernst Schwerdtner]] und Carl Constantin Clauss in [[Annaberg-Buchholz]]; [[WP:RK|Relevanzkriterien]] und die [[Vereinigung Volkseigener Betriebe|VVB]] ABUS, nicht zu verwechseln mit der [[Abus (Unternehmen)|ABUS]] aus dem Ruhrgebiet; allgegenwärtiger Fachkräftemangel; (nicht) verlockende Stellen in Ämtern; die zwei von [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Deutschland|WMDE]] geförderten Wimpel für die Stammtische [[WP:Halle|Halle]] und Leipzig, damit wir von neuen Teilnehmenden besser erkannt werden; [[Benutzer:jeb|jeb]] sprach eine Einladung des Treffens ins [[Staatsarchiv Leipzig]] aus, vgl. ([[v:Projekt:Staatsarchiv Leipzig 2023]]), persönliche Projekte: ''[https://diedatenlaube.github.io/ Die Datenlaube]'' & [[s:Die Gartenlaube]] und dabei insb. gerade ''[https://saxorum.hypotheses.org/9471 Boettichers „Malerwerke des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts”, Kunstbände und Illustrierte zitieren, um alte und neue Datenberge linked open zu verknüpfen]'', seit längerem [[s:Tourenbücher für Radfahrer]] & [[s:Fahrrad]] ... ''Save the date'': [[s:Wikisource:2. Wikisource-Arbeitstreffen 2023|2. Wikisource-Arbeitstreffen 2023]] am 13.-15. Oktober an der SLUB Dresden, ...

=== Dienstag, 30. Mai 2023 ===
Im Biergarten [http://www.substanzleipzig.de/ Substanz] in Reudnitz trafen sich an diesem warmen Mai-Abend [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]] und [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]]. Es wurde die Qualität des neuen Betreibers (und Menüs) der Substanz bewertet und sich über diverse Themen ausgetauscht: [[Deutschlandticket]], Bahncard und Semestertickets; Umleitungen und Schienenersatzverkehr; Personalmangel bei der Bahn; bahnhofsnahe Gaststätten in Halle; [[Bad Dürrenberg]] und das [[Gradierwerk]]; Überlandstraßenbahn nach Bad Dürrenberg und heruntergekommene Straßen in [[Leuna]]; [[Japan]]urlaub (Teil 2); Digitalisierung von alten Dias; Kinos in Leipzig, Halle und Umgebung; schlecht (mit ÖPNV) erreichbare Einkaufszentren; ...

=== Freitag, 28. April 2023 ===
[[Datei:Leipziger Buchmesse 2023.jpg|mini|Leipziger Buchmesse 2023]]
Das [https://kritton-kouzina.de/ Kritton Kouzina] nahe des Goerdelerringes war der Treffpunkt von [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:Proxy|Proxy]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]], [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] und [[Benutzer:Douginamug|Douginamug]]. Zu mediterraner und griechischer Küche wurde über zahlreiche Themen diskutiert, u. a. die parallel stattfindende [[Leipziger Buchmesse]] mit ihren Ausstellern von Verlagen und Sendern über Künstler zu Merchandise-Händlern; Comics über deutsche Geschichte (die am nächsten Tag gemeinsam auf der Messe entdeckt wurden); über den Leipziger Nahverkehr und die Haltestellen-Ansagestimmen in verschiedenen Städten; über das Fahrradfahren in Leipzig und Konflikte dabei; über den [[Wikipedia:Wiki-Loves-Earth-Cup|Wiki-Loves-Earth-Cup 2023]] und Naturdenkmäler in der Region; über die Japan-Reise eines Teilnehmers; den Informationsumfang bei Wikidata-Objekten; Eisenbahntechnisches; das Übersetzen zwischen der englischen und deutschen Wikipedia; den Umgang mit Radioaktivität Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts.

=== Freitag, 24. März 2023 ===
Nach etwas Verspätung durch die Streiks im [[Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr|ÖPNV]] trafen sich heute 2 Wikipedianer [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]] und [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] zum 1. Offenen Editieren (ich weiß nicht, ob es schon mal eines gab ?) im [https://leipzigzimmer.leipzig.de/ LeipzigZimmer] der [[Stadtbibliothek Leipzig|Stadtbibliothek]]. Die Location hatte einiges für sich - vorhandenes WLAN, freier Zugang (auch für Gäste) und viel Inspiration (durch die Bücher ringsum). Beim Eintreffen konnten gleich ein paar Kontakte mit den Bibliotheksmitarbeiter/*innen vertieft werden und einigen fragenden interessierten Besucher/*innen etwas Aufklärung gegeben werden, warum wir hier sind. Dann hatten wir ausgiebig Zeit uns in die Themen und Inhalte zu vertiefen, welche sonst beim Stammtisch zu kurz kommen. [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] gab kurz Einblick in seine Arbeit beim Zusammenführen der [[Wikidata|WD]]-Daten, [[Wikimedia Commons|WC]]-Kategorien und WP-Listen bei [[Kulturdenkmale in Deutschland|Kultur]]- und [[Liste der Naturdenkmale in Deutschland|Naturdenkmalen]] sowie zu den Erfahrungen im vergangenen [[Wikipedia:Wiki-Loves-Earth-Cup/2022|Wiki-Loves-Earth-Cup 2022]] und [[Wikipedia:Denkmal-Cup/2022|Denkmal-Cup 2022]]. Dann wurde noch über zukünftige und laufende Projekte gesprochenen, wie [[Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Denkmalpflege/Schweden|Projekt Denkmalpflege Schweden]], den [[Professorenkatalog der Universität Leipzig|Professorenkatalog Leipzig]], die [[HASAG#GS|Gedenkstätte für Zwangsarbeit Leipzig]] sowie das Schloss und den [[Abtnaundorfer Park|Park]] in Abtnaundorf. Die geplanten 3 Stunden waren viel zu schnell vorbei, so das eine Wiederholung wahrscheinlich und geplant ist. So wird es demnächst eine Umfrage zur Findung eines geeigneten Termins (oder auch anderer Location) geben, in der Hoffnung auf Interesse und Beteiligung. ''(Bitte ergänzen oder unter Diskussion besprechen, wer Interesse hat schon mal [[#Offenes_Editieren|oben]] eintragen!)''

=== Dienstag, 14. März 2023 ===
An einem regnerischem Märzabend trafen sich die folgenden Benutzer und -innen im Restaurant am [[Bayerischer Bahnhof|Bayerischen Bahnhof]] zu Leipzig (man achte auf die Schreibweise): [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]], [[Benutzerin:Llydia|Llydia]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]] und [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]]. Die Themen waren wiedermal sehr vielfältig. Diskutiert wurde unter anderem, die Absage zum geplanten Treffen mit dem [[Stadtarchiv Leipzig|Stadtarchiv]] sowie die Etablierung eines "[[#Offenes_Editieren|offenen Editier-Workshop]]" in Leipzig, des weiteren zu Speis und Trank, über Konflikte mit Sperrkonsequenzen wegen Satzzeichen, über den Umgang mit Bahn-Signalzeichen im Berufsleben, über die Zukunft von Wikimedia bei voranschreitendem technischen Fortschritt, insbesondere die Möglichkeit einer einheitlichen Datenbasis mit automatischer Übersetzung, über Sülze, Leber, Grützwurst und Zander, sowie zu Gerichten, die jüngere Menschen oft nicht mehr essen oder kennen, über Listen in der Wikipedia und geschlechtsspezifisches Verhalten, über Erfahrungen mit dem Wikimedia-Support, über diese vergleichsweise belanglosen Themen, mit denen die Administratoren oft ihre Zeit verbringen müssen, über den Online-Zugang über The-Wikipedia-Library, über ostdeutsche und norddeutsche Dialekte im Berufsleben, über Kulturdenkmäler in Deutschland, Leipzig und Schweden; ausführlicher Reisebericht von den [[SSS-Inseln]] (u.a. [[Sint Maarten]], [[Philipsburg]], Kreuzfahrt-Massentourismus, [[Karibik-Landeinsiedlerkrebs]], [[Hausziege]]n im Urwald, [[Mount Scenery|der höchste Berg der Niederlande]], Wandern), anstehende Reisen nach Japan, Übernachtungs- und Flugpreise; Autofähren mit Kran"zugang" auf [[Papa Westray]]; [[WP:LP|Löschprüfung]]; ganz viele [[Naumburg]]s sowie das [[Magdalenerinnenkloster Naumburg am Queis]], welches in den nächsten Jahren wieder aufgebaut werden soll; die [[:Kategorie:Liste (Klosterorte in der Oberlausitz)]] (dort kann man sich die meist katholisch gebliebenen Klosterorte der ansonsten evangelischen Oberlausitz ansehen); die östlichste [[Kursächsische Postmeilensäule]] in [[Ołdrzychów]]; [[Nördlicher Schnapper]]; [[Permoserstraße]]n und was [[Balthasar Permoser]] mit [[Salzburg]] zu tun hat; Relevanzdiskussion um den Ingenieur und Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes [[Folkert Herlyn]] ([https://d-nb.info/gnd/1144558999 GND]) sowie wie Hilfen, wie [[Wikipedia:Relevanzkriterien|Relevanz-Kriterien]] erweitert, ausgelotet und interpretiert werden können; und es gab natürlich die schon traditionelle nervige Diskussion um den [[Halbgeviertstrich]] und das [[Geschütztes Leerzeichen|Geschützte Leerzeichen]]; [[Provenienzforschung]] und [[Rückgaben von Kulturgut kolonialer Herkunft]] beim [[Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig]] sowie die bisherige und zukünftige Gestaltung der Ausstellungen im [[Grassimuseum]]; ...

=== Dienstag, 10. Januar 2023 ===
[[Datei:Stadtarchiv (Leipzig) - Frontansicht (2023).jpg|mini|Stadtarchiv Leipzig]]
Im [https://www.helena-leipzig.de/ Helena], Löbauer Str.68 in [[Schönefeld (Leipzig)|Schönefeld]] trafen sich [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzerin:Zartesbitter|Zartesbitter]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]], [[Benutzer:Martin Geisler|Martin Geisler]], [[Benutzer:MinnaJohanna2|MinnaJohanna2]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]] und [[Benutzer:Cookroach|Cookroach]] zur Begrüßung des neuen Jahres und zum Gedankenaustausch. Nach einer allgemeinen Begrüßungsrunde mit interessanten Spezialthemen, wie [https://research.uni-leipzig.de/catalogus-professorum-lipsiensium/ Professorenkatalog der Uni Leipzig], [[Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine]], [[Kruszyn (Bolesławiec)]], [[Europäischer Baum des Jahres]], [[Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Denkmalpflege/Schweden|Projekt Kulturdenkmale Schweden]], [[Mein Nachbar Totoro]] als Weihnachtsfilm und aktuelle (oder nicht mehr ganz so aktuelle) [[Anime]]-Titel, [[Handschwengelpumpe]]n, und vielen weiteren, konnten Grußworte und Supportzusage von [[Benutzer:Holger Plickert (WMDE)|Holger Plickert (WMDE)]] übermittelt werden, sowie über die bisherigen Vorgespräche zum geplanten Treffen mit dem [[Stadtarchiv Leipzig|Stadtarchiv]] und die Kontaktaufnahme zum [[Reclam-Museum]] berichtet werden. Der allgemeine Kontext war ein starkes Interesse an einer zukünftigen Zusammenarbeit und die Befürwortung der ersten Treffen mit dem [[Stadtarchiv Leipzig|Stadtarchiv]] im März. Rege Diskussionen und Kritik gab es über die Erkenntnisse aus dem [[Wikipedia:Digitaler_Themenstammtisch#63._DTS,_05._Januar_2023:_Wie_kaputt_ist_Wikimedia_Commons?|63.DTS, 05. Januar 2023: Wie kaputt ist Wikimedia Commons?]] und über die vielfältigen Erfahrungen mit den Admins auf [[Wikimedia Commons|WMC]] aus der Vergangenheit, verbunden mit der Hoffnung, das die Anregungen aus der Basis in Änderungen in der Zukunft münden werden. Angeregt diskutiert wurde ebenfalls die Notwendigkeit der Vereinheitlichung der Informationen auf [[Wikidata]] mit den Kategorien/Infoboxen auf [[Wikimedia Commons|WMC]] sowie die konfirme plattformübergreifende Darstellung des Artikelwissen in verschiedenen Sprachen. Danach erfolgten Gesprächsthemen wie die jeweiligen Erfahrungen mit dem [[Gendersternchen]], die vor wenigen Monaten veröffentlichte Textgenerierungssoftware [[ChatGPT]] von [[OpenAI]] und ob es Wikipedia in 40 Jahren noch gibt, bzw. wie es aussehen könnte. Außerdem wurde die Idee eines für die Community zur Verfügung stehenden Raumes (z.B. öffentliches Lokal oder Zimmer in der Uni Leipzig) diskutiert. Nach reichhaltigen Haupt- und Nachspeisen wurden noch Pläne für zukünftige Treffen oder Fototouren und Gemeinsamkeiten bei der Zusammenarbeit im laufenden Jahr gemacht, so dass die Erwartung auf ein spannendes Wiki-Jahr 2023 wie eine Sphäre aus Möglichkeiten mitschwang. ...

=== Dienstag, 15. November 2022 ===
Im [https://www.luise-leipzig.de/ Café Luise] trafen sich einem kühlen Novemberabend [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]] und [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]]. Bei dem Wetter war es kein Wunder, dass manche Teilnehmer erkältungsbedingt absagen mussten. Besprochen wurde u. a. die vergangene [[Wikipedia:WikiCon 2022|Wikicon in Stralsund]]; ob es Communitytreffen in Thüringen gibt; Probleme auf Wikimedia Commons; der neue Artikel zur [[Rivalität zwischen Halle und Magdeburg]]; verschiedenes zum Schienenverkehr; Menschen, die ihre Wohnung auf 30°C hochheizen; Erlebnisse mit Autoren in der Wikipedia und von der Arbeit im [[Wikipedia:Support-Team|Wikipedia Support Team]]; außerdem dass die aktiven Wikipedianer stetig weniger werden;<ref>{{Internetquelle|titel=Wikimedia Statistics |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/de.wikipedia.org/contributing/active-editors/normal%7Cline%7C2001-08-17~2022-11-16%7C(page_type)~content*non-content%7Cmonthly |abruf=2022-11-16}}</ref> die Speisen und Getränke, insbesondere die Leipziger [[Gose]]; [[Jericho]] am Roten Meer und [[Jerichow]] bei Magdeburg; Youtuber; neuerliche Artikel über Straßen in Leipzig; Falschparken; ...

=== Donnerstag, 22. September 2022 ===
[[Datei:Meckel-Divertikel.jpg|mini|hochkant|Meckel-Divertikel]]
Im [http://www.killiwilly.de/ Killywilly] in der Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 44 trafen sich [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]], [[Benutzer:Pomfuttge|Pomfuttge]], [[Benutzerin:Llydia|Llydia]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] und [[Benutzerin:Zartesbitter|Zartesbitter]]. Die Themen waren sehr vielfältig: [[Wikipedia:Bildrechte]], [[Wikipedia:Relevanzkriterien]] und wie sie zum Beispiel für Ingenieure gelten sollten sowie die Löschdiskussion um [[Hans Kattwinkel]], [[Taubenzecke]], [[Cochlea-Implantat]], [[Refraktive Chirurgie]], [[Subkutaner ICD]], [[Transösophageale Echokardiographie]], [[Untersuchung der Schilddrüse]] mittels [[Sonografie]], [[Wolf|Wölfe]] in der Lausitz, fehlende Artikel über [[Einsiedlerkrebse]], die [[Rote Liste gefährdeter Arten]] für einzelne Bundesländer sowie für die Schweiz und Österreich, und ob die [[Kleine Hufeisennase]] nur in Deutschland gefährdet ist ([[IUCN]]: least concern), Klimagewinnler wie das [[Weinhähnchen]], die [[Heuschreckensandwespe]] und die [[Europäische Gottesanbeterin]], die [[Oberlausitz]] und die [[Sorben]], das [[Kloster St. Marienstern]] und die [[Liste der Orte im Besitz des Klosters St. Marienstern]], Luftbilder von Orten für die obersorbische Wikipedia (siehe zum Beispiel [[:hsb:Kulowc (Kulow)]], auf der man noch heute das [[Runddorf]] erkennt), die Gründerin des Bethlehem Female Seminary (der späteren [[Moravian University]], siehe [[:en:Moravian University]]) [[Benigna Justine von Watteville]], Wüstungen wie [[Franzig]], wann [[Alaune (Petersberg)]] offiziell zum Ortsnamen wurde, Grenzsteine und andere Denkmale in der [[Laußnitzer Heide]], das [[Urgeschichtliches Museum Blaubeuren]] mit seinen Flöten ([[Schwanenknochenflöte]], [[Gänsegeierflöte vom Hohlefels]], ...), der [[Blautopf]], der südlichte Teil [[Hessen]]s und der [[Landkreis Bergstraße]], das Bild vom [[Meckel-Divertikel]] mit den Geo-Koordinaten des OP-Raumes im [[Krankenhaus Winsen]], der [[Wikipedia:Kurpfalz|Stammtisch Kurpfalz]] in [[Schwetzingen]] (DonKun 9. September 2022, PaulT 1. November 2019), [[Wikipedia:WomenEdit|Women edit]], das [[Portal:Transgender, Transsexualität und Geschlechtervielfalt]], die [[:Kategorie:Transgeschlechtliche Person]], die [[Wikipedia:WikiCon 2022|WikiCon 2022]], [[:meta:Wikimania|Wikimania]], Llydias Überarbeitung der [[Wasserleiche]], [[Sexueller Kannibalismus]], Entstehungsgeschichte der Stadt [[Leipzig]], Leipziger Long Horn [[Gin]], [[Gender-Gap|Gender Gap]] in Wikipedia, Artikel im Bereich [[Pornografie]], Diskussionskultur auf Diskseiten/Metaebene, [[WP:Admins|Admins]] und deren unglaubliches, wertvolles Engagement, andere [[WP:Stammtisch|Wiki-Stammtische]] in D, [[Phosphorbombe|Phosporfunde am Ostseestrand]], Bomben aus dem 2. WK+ aktuelle, Meistgelesene Artikel auf der Hauptseite der Wikipediaapp, ...

=== Donnerstag, 14. Juli 2022 ===
Im Biergarten am [http://moertelwerk.de/ Mørtelwerk] trafen sich an diesem Abend [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]], [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] und [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]] sowie die Überaschungsgäste [[Benutzerin:Arianndi|Arianndi]] mit Begleitung (Nutzername?). Leider wurde ein Protokoll vergessen. :( Themen waren unter anderem Fernreisen (auch mit Rad), Commons, Artikel über Energieversorgung, [[Karl-Heine-Kanal]], ...

=== Mittwoch, 25. Mai 2022 ===
Am Vorabend von [[Himmelfahrt]] trafen sich im [https://www.kildare.de Kildare City Pub] die Leipziger (und angereisten) Wikipedianer [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] und [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]]; [[Benutzer:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Z6...d]] hat es auch diesmal nicht geschafft. Zu den Themen des Abends gehörten neben den im Pub angebotenen alkoholischen Getränken auch die anstehende [[WP:WikiCon 2022]] in [[Stralsund]]; vergangene und anstehende [[Anime- und Manga-Convention]]s; [[Gose]] in/aus Leipzig, Halle und Berlin; alternative Verwendung von [[Raketentreibstoff]] ([[Ethanol]] im Diergol mit [[Flüssigsauerstoff]]); die [[Zinkweißhütte Bernsdorf]]; schwierige Erbe(n) und Verwandtschaften mit Wikipedia-Artikeln; Autofahren auf der teilweise einspurigen [[Road to Hāna]] auf [[Maui]] ([[Hawaii]]); Straßenbahnen in Brasilien und Portugal; Spurweiten-Nennung in der Wikipedia ([[Normalspur]] vs. Regelspur) und Spurweite(n) der Leipziger Straßenbahn (siehe [[Geschichte des Straßenbahnnetzes Leipzig#Die erste Bauphase (1872/73)]]); Commons-Admins; Radfahren zur Schicht oder soll man es lassen?; die Probleme mit den uralten Bezahlterminals H5000 von [[Verifone]]; ...

=== Dienstag, 12. April 2022 ===
[[Datei:Hugh llewelyn 82 008 (5888251235).jpg|mini|links|Lok mit der Achsfolge E, also eine E-Lok, aber keine Ellok, wie man leicht sieht]]
[[Benutzer:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Z6ehswhha5HGRTd]] hatte ins Casblanca eingeladen. Leider hat er als Link dieses [http://www.casablanca-leipzig.de/ Casablanca] in der Ossietzkystraße 36/38 angegeben, war selbst aber in irgendeinem anderen Casablanca (vermutlich im [https://www.saloncasablanca.de/ Salon Casablanca] in der Karl-Heine-Straße 47) und wartete umsonst auf uns. Auch die Bemerkung von [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]] zum Fischangebot hatte ihn nicht stutzig gemacht .... wer weiß. Er kann ja noch einen Bericht über seinen Stammtisch nachreichen. Im angegebenen Casablanca trafen sich: [[Benutzer:Falk2|Falk2]] (erstmals beim Stammtisch), [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]] und [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]]. Vom Speisenangebot und der Qualität waren alle Teilnehmer begeistert. Themen an diesem Stammtisch waren unter anderen: ein Lehrer mit Verletzungen bei Experimenten mit [[Iodstickstoff]], [[Cellulosenitrat]], der Unterschied zwischen einer [[Bauartbezeichnung von Triebfahrzeugen|E-Lok]] mit fünf gekuppelten Achsen in einem Rahmen oder Drehgestell und einer [[Elektrolokomotive|Ellok]], feste Leerzeichen unterschiedlicher Länge und warum es eigentlich kein "nbsp" geben sollte, [[Gattung]] und [[Art]] sind keine Synonyme für [[Genre]] (auch wenn die deutsche Übersetzung "Gattung" es nahe legen würde), die Probleme beim Fahren von noch nicht modernisierten [[Tatra T4]]-Straßenbahnen in Leipzig und Halle, [[Teilbarkeit]]sregeln für 7 und 11 (Alternierende [[Quersumme]]), die [[Primfaktorzerlegung]] von [[Eintausendeins]] und weitere besondere Eigenschaften der Zahl, ...
: hätte hätte Fahrradkette… an der Ecke Leostr./Lazarusstr. steht die [[Menzellinde]], Martin und ich haben darüber geschrieben. Ich wollte euch darauf hinweisen, weil nur 2 Minuten vom Casablanca entfernt. Vielleicht wäre dann Z6...stutzig geworden --[[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]] ([[Benutzerin Diskussion:Caisare|Diskussion]]) 21:48, 13. Apr. 2022 (CEST)

:jaja :) der klassiker und alptraum ... gleiche uhrzeit, gleicher name, falscher ort und kein mobilteil dabei ... bei mir gabs lamm-couscous, war prima in meinem casablanca und es gab keine alte fischsuppe :) glück auf ! ein nächstes mal, euer ... --[[Benutzer:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Z6ehswhha5HGRTd]] ([[Benutzer Diskussion:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Diskussion]]) 07:39, 18. Mai 2022 (CEST)

=== Donnerstag, 18. November 2021 ===
[[Datei:Städte mit Weihnachtsmärkten in DACH.png|mini|Auch Thema: Weihnachtsmarktartikel. Hier grau die ohne Artikel, grün mit. Halle ist noch "frei"]]
Im November 2021 fand der erste Online-Stammtisch zu Leipzig statt. Dabei waren [[Benutzer:Michael w|mw]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]] und der weit angereiste [[Benutzer:Lutheraner|Lutheraner]]. Man sprach unter anderem über seltene oder "verbotene" Gemüsesorten; [[Liste der Kartoffelsorten]]; [[Natur des Jahres]]; [https://www.schwerin.de/kultur-tourismus/kunst-kultur/bildende-kunst-museen/freilichtmuseum-schwerin-muess/ Freilichtmuseum für Volkskunde Schwerin-Muess]; [[Wikipedia:Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kunstwissenschaften + Wikipedia|KuWiki-Konferenz]]; die vergangene [[Wikipedia:WikiCon 2021|WikiCon 2021]]; [[Wikipedia:Fragen_zur_Wikipedia/Archiv/2021/Woche_45#Wikipedianer_malen_Bilder|Wikipedianer malen Bilder]]; Paid Editing durch Agenturen und andere; [[Ferdinand von Schirach]]; und einiges mehr

=== Dienstag, 14. September 2021 ===
Nach einer - seit langem längsten - Pause trafen sich endlich wieder Wikipedianer in Leipzig: [[Benutzer:Martin Geisler|Martin Geisler]], [[Benutzer:Ali1610|Ali1610]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] und [[Benutzer:Joachim Köhler|Joachim Köhler]] kamen im [http://www.fradiavolo-leipzig.de/html.php/ Fra Diavolo] zusammen und unterhielten sich unter anderem über Foto-Beiträge zu [[WP:WLM|Wiki loves Monuments]]; Qualität und Umfang von Bildern zu und über Leipzig im Allgemeinen; Fototouren durch Leipzig und was man dabei entdecken kann; Gebäude am [[Burgplatz (Leipzig)]]; [[Salomon-Stift]], [[Plastikgarten]]; Stadtteile und -viertel (zB ein neues am Hauptbahnhof); [[Pfaffendorf]]; Überraschung über das plötzliche Auftauchen von Leipzig im Hintergrund von [[Backflip!!]]; Review von [[Magical Girl]] und Hintergründe zur Überarbeitung des Artikels; Artikelwahlen und Reviews im Allgemeinen; der Beitrag beim [[ZDF Magazin Royale]] über die Wikipedia und der [[Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Umgang mit bezahltem Schreiben/Verdachtsfälle/Olaf Kosinsky|Fall Kosinsky]]; Doku über Wikipedia von 3sat (Meinung beim Stammtisch: eher nicht so toll); eigenartige Verwaltungszugehörigkeiten bei der [[Schahumjan (Provinz)|Provinz Schahumjan]] in Bergkarabach und die Folgen dessen im letzten Jahr; die anstehende [[Wikipedia:WikiCon 2021|WikiCon 2021]]; uvm...

=== Freitag, 25. September 2020 ===
Beim ersten Stammtisch seit Beginn der [[Corona-Pandemie]] trafen sich im kleinen Kreis [[Benutzer:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Z6ehswhha5HGRTd]] und [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]]. Im [https://www.bayerischer-bahnhof.de/ Bayerischer Bahnhof] wurde dann natürlich viel über die Pandemie gesprochen, aber auch über Jagd und Jäger, Lokale Medien und Lokalpolitik, Medienkonsum allgemein und nahe Ausflugsziele. Natürlich saß man dabei infektionsmindernd draußen im Biergarten.

=== Freitag, 13. März 2020 ===
Wie üblich am Freitag der Buchmesse traf man sich im [http://www.kellari-leipzig.de/ Kellari], diesmal dabei waren [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Z6ehswhha5HGRTd]], [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]] und [[Benutzer:Martin Geisler|Martin Geisler]]. Leider war sonst nichts wie üblich, da durch die [[COVID-19-Pandemie]] die Messe ausfiel und auch sonst viel im Alltag durcheinander gebracht wird. Entsprechend war die Pandemie auch das beherrschende Thema des Stammtischs. Besonders ausführlich vor allem die Methoden für den Test. Aber es gab auch einige andere Themen: Sehenswürdigkeiten zur physikalischen Forschung in der weiteren Umgebung und weltweit; Autofahrten in unwegsamen, überraschend steilem oder hohen Gelände; Sehenswürdigkeiten auf [[Hawaii]] wie ein ausdauernder Ölfleck in [[Pearl Harbor]]; [[Leishmaniose]] und deren Übertragung und Verbreitung in Deutschland; [[Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Sachsen|Denkmallisten in Sachsen]] und nicht oder schwer auffindbare Denkmale; Amtszeit des Oberbürgermeisters in Leipzig; ...

=== Mittwoch, 15. Januar 2020 ===
Beim ersten Stammtisch des Jahres trafen sich [[Benutzer:PaulT|PaulT]], [[Benutzer:Don-kun|Don-kun]], [[Benutzer:Martin Geisler|Martin Geisler]], [[Benutzerin:Caisare|Caisare]], [[Benutzer:Sascha Claus|Sascha Claus]] und die Überraschungsgäste [[Benutzer:Flugs|Flugs]] und [[Benutzer:Z6ehswhha5HGRTd|Z6ehswhha5HGRTd]] im [https://kartoffelhausno1-leipzig.de/ Kartoffelhaus]. Die Themen des Abends waren unter anderem [[Schottland]] und [[Brexit]] sowie die [[Kronbesitzungen der britischen Krone]]; [[Liste derzeitiger Sezessionsbestrebungen in Europa]]; [[Schengener Abkommen]] und [[Europäische Freihandelsassoziation]]; Drohnenfotografie; Ärger mit Paketlieferungen per [[DHL]]; [[WP:BIO|Artikel über lebende Personen]], besonder Künstler; Identitätswechsel; Alternativen zum generischen Maskulinum; Künstler in Leipzig; [[Galerie Hotel Leipziger Hof]]; [[Japanische Küche]]; [[Manga]]-Ausstellung in London; wie Wikipedia-Stammtische allgemein und in anderen Städten so sind; [[WP:WikiCon]] der vergangenen Jahre und dieses Jahr in [[Görlitz]]; [[E-Scooter]] in Leipzig und Halle; neue schottische [[Kunststoffgeldschein|Polymer-Banknoten]] von der [[Bank of Scotland]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] und der [[Clydesdale Bank]] die neben denen der [[Bank of England]] in Schottland gültiges Zahlungsmittel sind (es gibt also zum Beispiel vier unterschiedlich gestaltete 10-[[Pfund Sterling]] Banknoten dort; siehe Abbildungen [https://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes/bank-of-scotland/10-the-bridges-series.html hier], [https://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes/royal-bank-of-scotland/10-fabric-of-nature.html hier], [https://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes/clydesdale-bank/10-world-heritage-series.html hier] und [https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/polymer-10-pound-note hier]); viele neue Artikel in den ersten Sekunden des Jahres 2020; der [[Oberlausitzer Sechsstädtebund]] und der [[Oberlausitzer Pönfall]]; die [[Oberlausitz]] und [[Böhmen]] sowie [[Matthias Corvinus]]; die 1815 geschaffene preußische Oberlausitz und [[Schlesien]]; der [[Queis (Fluss)]] und der [[Bober]]; die [[Evangelische Hauptkirche Königsbrück]] seit Freitag wieder mit dem [[Paul Heermann]] zugeschriebenen Epitaph des Maximilian von Schellendorff; die [[Standesherrschaft Königsbrück]] und der Gründer der ersten sächsischen Sparkasse [[Peter Carl Wilhelm von Hohenthal]] in der Stadt Könisbrück mit ihrer Grenzlage zwischen Meißen (Meißner Seite) und Oberlausitz; eine alte Weiße Elster als Nebenfluss der [[Schwarze Elster|Schwarzen Elster]] auf alten Karten; der [[Teppich von Bayeux]], die [[Schlacht bei Hastings]] und die Kleinstadt [[Battle (East Sussex)]] sowie sehr gut gemachte [[Audioguide]]s dort und generell in UK; [[James Ogilvy, 7. Earl of Findlater]] und sein Grab neben der [[Loschwitzer Kirche]]; [[Connewitz]]; OB-Wahl in Leipzig; Probleme mit [[Waschbär]]en und [[Wildschwein]]en; ...

== Siehe auch ==
* [[Wikipedia:Leipzig/Treffen-Archiv]]
{{Commons|Stammtisch Leipzig}}

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references/>
{{Navigationsleiste Wikipedia-Treffen}}
[[Kategorie:Wikipedia:Treffen der Wikipedianer|Leipzig]]

Maxam

2022-01-21T14:59:36Z

Enock4seth: website

{{Begriffsklärungshinweis|Zum Molekularbiologen siehe [[Allan Maxam]].}}
{{Infobox Unternehmen
| Name = MaxamCorp Holding, S.L.
| Logo = Maxam logo.jpg
| Unternehmensform = [[Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (Spanien)|S.L.]]
| ISIN =
| Gründungsdatum = 1872
| Auflösungsdatum =
| Auflösungsgrund =
| Sitz = [[Madrid]], {{ESP}}
| Leitung = José Fernando Sánchez-Junco Mans<ref name=wwa>[https://www.maxam.net/en/maxam/who_we_are Who we are]</ref>
| Mitarbeiterzahl = 6.530<ref name=wwa />
| Umsatz = 1,045 Mrd. [[Euro]]<ref>[https://www.maxam.net/media/Default%20Files/corporativo/Presentacion%20coporativa/PresentacionMAXAM_F16_PDF/PresentationMAXAM_EN_F16_web.pdf Corporate Presentation 2016]</ref>
| Stand = 2016-03-31
| Branche = Sprengstoffe
| Homepage = https://www.maxamcorp.com
}}

'''Maxam''' ist einer der größten [[Sprengstoff]]hersteller weltweit mit Sitz in [[Madrid]]. In Deutschland gehören die Werke der ehemaligen [[WASAG]] zu Maxam.

Das Unternehmen geht auf die von [[Alfred Nobel]] gegründete ''Sociedad Española de la Pólvora Dinamita'' zurück, die 1896 ihren Namen in ''Unión Española de Explosivos'' (UEE) ändert. 1970 fusioniert UEE mit [[Rio Tinto Group|Rio Tinto]], die ''Unión Explosivos Río Tinto'' (ERT) entsteht.<ref>[https://www.um.es/hisminas/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Rio-Tinto-1954-2001-C-Arenas.pdf Rio Tinto 1954-2001: Declive y extincíon de un gigante minero]</ref> Die ERT wird 1994 privatisiert und benennt sich 2006 in ''Maxam'' um.<ref>[https://www.maxam.net/en/maxam/who_we_are/history Who we are - History]</ref>

Das Unternehmen ist zu 45 % im Besitz von [[Advent International]] und zu 55 % im Besitz des Managements.<ref name=pres>[https://www.maxam.net/media/Default%20Files/corporativo/PresentacionMAXAM_EN.vweb.pdf Corporate Presentation], {{FormatDate|2015-01-23}}</ref>

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

[[Kategorie:Produzierendes Unternehmen (Madrid)]]
[[Kategorie:Sprengstoffhersteller]]
[[Kategorie:Munitionshersteller]]
[[Kategorie:Rüstungshersteller (Spanien)]]

QGIS

2020-10-25T07:56:21Z

Enock4seth: /* Versionsgeschichte */ Hannover

{{Infobox Software
|Name =
|Logo = [[Datei:QGIS logo, 2017.svg|50px|Logo]]
|Screenshot = [[Datei:QGIS 2.2 Valmiera showing new menu design.png|290px|Screenshot]]
|Beschreibung = In QGIS 2.2 wurden die Menüs überarbeitet.
|Maintainer =
|Hersteller = QGIS Development Team
|Erscheinungsjahr =
|AktuelleVersion = 
QGIS 3.12.0 'București' 21. Februar 2020<ref name="Downloadseite">{{Internetquelle |url=https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/download.html |titel=Downloadseite |werk=qgis.org |abruf=2019-08-30}}</ref>

3.10.3 „A Coruña“ ([[Long Term Support|LTS]]) 20. Januar 2020<ref name="Downloadseite" />
|AktuelleVersionFreigabeDatum =
|AktuelleVorabVersion = 3.14.0  19. Juni 2020
|AktuelleVorabVersionFreigabeDatum =
|Betriebssystem = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[macOS]], [[Linux]], [[Unixoides System|Unixoide Systeme]], [[Android (Betriebssystem)|Android]]
|Programmiersprache =
|Kategorie = [[Geoinformationssystem]]
|Lizenz = [[GNU General Public License|GPL]] ([[Freie Software]])
|Deutsch = ja
|Website = [https://www.qgis.org/de/site/ qgis.org]
|Dateien = QGIS
}}

'''QGIS''' (ehemals '''Quantum-GIS''') ist eine [[Freie Software|freie]] [[Geoinformationssystem]]ssoftware zum Betrachten, Bearbeiten, Erfassen und Analysieren von [[Geodaten|räumlichen Daten]].<ref name="qgis.org">{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.qgis.org/de/site/ |titel=Offizielle Seite |hrsg=qgis.org |abruf=2013-10-15}}</ref>

== Applikation ==
QGIS ist ein Geoinformationssystem zum Betrachten, Bearbeiten und Erfassen von räumlichen Daten und ist [[GNU General Public License]] lizenziert. Wesentliche Merkmale der Applikation sind die breite Unterstützung gängiger [[Vektordaten]] und [[Rastergrafik|Rasterdaten]] wie [[Shapefile]] oder [[GeoTIFF]], aber auch räumlicher Datenbanken wie [[PostGIS]] und [[SpatiaLite]], ausgereifte Digitalisier-Werkzeuge zum Erfassen von Vektordaten sowie eine Druckzusammenstellung zum einfachen Erstellen von Kartenausdrucken.

Die QGIS-Architektur baut stark auf Erweiterungen auf, nennenswert sind die ''fTools''-Werkzeuge für allgemeine vektorbasierte Aufgaben oder die [[GRASS GIS|GRASS]]-Erweiterung für anspruchsvolle räumliche Analysen. Eine [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]-Erweiterung erlaubt es, [[GPS Exchange Format|GPX]]-Dateien zu lesen oder direkt auf ein GPS-Gerät zuzugreifen. Andere Erweiterungen erlauben das Einbinden von [[Web Map Service|WMS]]- und [[Web Feature Service|WFS]]-Diensten.

Wesentliche Teile der [[Grafische Benutzeroberfläche|grafischen Benutzeroberfläche]] sind in über 30 verschiedene Sprachen übersetzt.

== Programmierschnittstelle ==
Die Grundlage von QGIS und seinen Erweiterungen bildet die plattformunabhängige [[Qt (Bibliothek)|Qt-Bibliothek]], welche das Entwickeln von Applikationen mit grafischen Benutzeroberflächen im Stil des Wirtsbetriebssystems ermöglicht (QWindowsVistaStyle, QWindowsXPStyle, QMacStyle).

QGIS bietet eine [[Programmierschnittstelle]], welche das Verwenden von vorhandenen QGIS-Funktionalitäten in eigenen Programmen oder das Schreiben von Erweiterungen für QGIS erlaubt. Erweiterungen können sowohl in [[C++]] als auch in [[Python (Programmiersprache)|Python]] ([[PyQt]]) entwickelt werden. Die Programmierschnittstelle unterteilt sich in vier Module:<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.qgis.org/api/modules.html |titel=Modules |hrsg=Quantum GIS API Documentation |datum=2010-12-22 |sprache=en |abruf=2010-12-23}}</ref>
* QGis.Core für grundlegende Funktionalitäten wie Datenzugriff, Geometrien oder Projektionen
* QGis.Gui für Elemente der Benutzeroberfläche
* QGis.Analysis mit Klassen zur Analyse von Vektor- und Rasterdaten
* MapComposer mit Klassen der Druckzusammenstellung

== Systemanforderungen ==
=== Hardware ===
Aufgrund des relativ geringen Speicherbedarfs und des damit einhergehenden geringen Anspruchs an die Hardware, eignet sich QGIS auch für den Einsatz auf älterer Hardware bzw. kann parallel zu anderen Anwendungen laufen.

=== Betriebssystem ===
QGIS läuft auf [[macOS]], [[Linux]], [[Unix]] und [[Microsoft Windows XP|Windows XP]] oder höher. Als [[Mobile App]] ist es für [[Android (Betriebssystem)|Android]] in einer Vorabversion verfügbar.

== Versionsgeschichte ==

{| class="wikitable zebra"
! Version
! Codename
! Freigabedatum
! Anmerkungen und wichtigste Änderungen
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap;" | 0.0.1-alpha
|
| Juli 2002
| Import und Anzeigen von PostGIS Daten<ref name="changelog">{{Internetquelle |url=https://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/branches/Dataprovider_overhaul-branch/qgis/ChangeLog |titel=QGIS Change Log |werk=osgeo.org |hrsg=[[Open Source Geospatial Foundation|OSGeo]] |datum=2004-03-09 |sprache=en |abruf=2015-08-16}}</ref>
|-
| 0.0.3-alpha
|
| 10. Aug. 2002
| Support für Shapefiles und andere Vektorformate<ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.4-alpha
|
| 15. Aug. 2002
| Verbesserungen im Bereich der Layer, Farben, Anzeige der Eigenschaften in eigenem Fenster<ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.5-alpha
|
| 5. Okt. 2002
| Fehlerbereinigung, Stabilitätsverbesserungen, Linienstärke nun wählbar, Zoomfunktionen verbessert<ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.6
|
| 24. Nov. 2002
| Weitere Verbesserungen bei PostGIS, Layeridentifikation, Anzeigen und Sortieren von Attributtabellen<ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.7
|
| 30. Nov. 2002
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.8
|
| 11. Dez. 2002
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.9
|
| 25. Jan. 2003
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.10
|
| 13. Mai. 2003
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.11
|
| 10. Jun. 2003
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.12
|
| 10. Jun. 2003
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.0.13
|
| 8. Dez. 2003
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.1pre1
|
| 14. Feb. 2004
| Support für Rasterdaten hinzugefügt<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/branches/Dataprovider_overhaul-branch/qgis/README |titel=README for QGIS version 0.1pre1 'Moroz' |werk=osgeo.org |hrsg=OSGeo |sprache=en |abruf=2015-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://marc.info/?l=freshmeat-news&m=119041476003527&w=2 |titel=(063) – Quantum GIS 0.1pre1 (Development) |werk=marc.info |hrsg=Freshmeat News |datum=2004-02-14 |sprache=en |abruf=2015-08-16}}</ref>
|-
| 0.1
| „Moroz“
| 25. Feb. 2004
| <ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.2
| „Pumpkin“
| 26. Apr. 2004
| <ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=158822 freshmeat.net]</ref><ref name="changelog" />
|-
| 0.3
| „Madison“
| 28. Mai. 2004
| <ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=162105 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.4
| „Baby“
| 4. Jul. 2004
| <ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=165885 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.5
| „Bandit“
| 5. Okt. 2004
| <ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=174824 freshmeat.net]</ref><ref>[https://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/branches/Release-0_5_candidate/qgis/README svn.osgeo.org]</ref>
|-
| 0.6
| „Simon“
| 19. Dez. 2004
| <ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=182391 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.7
| „Seamus“
|
| <ref>[https://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/branches/Release-0_7-candidate/qgis/README svn.osgeo.org]</ref>
|-
| 0.7.3
|
| 11. Okt. 2005
| <ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=208941 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.8
|
| 7. Jan. 2007
|
|-
| 0.8.1
| „Titan“
| 15. Jun. 2007
| benannt nach [[Titan (Mond)|Titan]]<ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=255782 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.9
| „Ganymed“
| 26. Okt. 2007
| benannt nach [[Ganymed (Mond)|Ganymed]]<ref>[http://blog.qgis.org/?q=node/91 blog.qgis.org]</ref><ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=264509 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.9.1
| „Ganymed“
| 6. Jan. 2008
| <ref>[http://blog.qgis.org/?q=node/101 blog.qgis.org]</ref><ref>[http://freshmeat.net/projects/qgis/?branch_id=31471&release_id=274022 freshmeat.net]</ref>
|-
| 0.10
| „Io“
| 3. Mai. 2008
| benannt nach [[Io (Mond)|Io]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2008-May/002648.html Announcing the release]</ref> (englisch)
|-
| 0.11
| „Metis“
| 21. Jul. 2008
| benannt nach [[Metis (Mond)|Metis]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/announce/2008-July/000097.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.0
| „Kore“
| 5. Jan. 2009
| benannt nach [[Kore (Mond)|Kore]]<ref>[http://www.osgeo.org/news/2009/01/QGIS_v1.0 Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.1
| „Pan“
| 12. Mai. 2009
| benannt nach [[Pan (Mond)|Pan]]
|-
| 1.2
| „Daphnis“
| 1. Sep. 2009
| benannt nach [[Daphnis (Mond)|Daphnis]]<ref>[http://www.osgeo.org/news/2009/qgis_1_2 Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.3
| „Mimas“
| 20. Sep. 2009
| benannt nach [[Mimas (Mond)|Mimas]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2009-September/006297.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.4
| „Enceladus“
| 10. Jan. 2010
| benannt nach [[Enceladus (Mond)|Enceladus]]<ref>[http://www.osgeo.org/node/989 Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.5
| „Tethys“
| 29. Jul. 2010
| benannt nach [[Tethys (Mond)|Tethys]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2010-July/009208.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.6
| „Copiapó“
| 27. Nov. 2010
| benannt nach [[Copiapó]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2010-November/010495.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.7
| „Wrocław“
| 19. Jun. 2011
| benannt nach [[Breslau]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2011-June/012501.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| 1.8
| „Lisboa“
| 21. Jun. 2012
| benannt nach [[Lissabon]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2012-June/017706.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.0}}
| „Dufour“
| 8. Sep. 2013
| benannt nach [[Dufourspitze]]<ref>[http://www.osgeo.org/node/1385 Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog200/index.html Changelog for QGIS 2.0] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.2}}
| „Valmiera“
| 22. Feb. 2014
| benannt nach [[Valmiera]],<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2014-February/026281.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog220/index.html Changelog for QGIS 2.2] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.4}}
| „Chugiak“
| 27. Jun. 2014
| benannt nach Chugiak, einer Gemeinde im Verwaltungsbezirk [[Anchorage]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2014-June/028123.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog240/ Changelog for QGIS 2.4] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.6}}
| „Brighton“
| 1. Nov. 2014
| benannt nach [[Brighton]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2014-November/029593.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog260/ Changelog for QGIS 2.6]</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.8}}
| „Wien“
| 20. Feb. 2015
| benannt nach [[Wien]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2015-March/031033.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog28/ Changelog for QGIS 2.8]</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.10}}
| „Pisa“
| 26. Jun. 2015
| benannt nach [[Pisa]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2015-July/032880.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog210/ Änderungsprotokoll für QGIS 2.10]</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.12}}
| „Lyon“
| 23. Okt. 2015
| benannt nach [[Lyon]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2015-October/034031.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog212/ Änderungsprotokoll für QGIS 2.12]</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.14}}
| „Essen“
| 29. Feb. 2016
| benannt nach [[Essen]]<ref>[https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2016-February/035483.html Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog214/ Änderungsprotokoll für QGIS 2.14]</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.16}}
| „Nødebo“
| 22. Jul. 2016
| benannt nach Nødebo, einer Ortschaft in der [[Hillerød Kommune]]<ref>[https://blog.qgis.org/2016/07/22/qgis-2-16-nodebo-is-released/ Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog216/ Changelog for QGIS 2.16] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|2.18}} ([[Long Term Support|LTS]])
| „Las Palmas“
| 21. Okt. 2016
| Letzte Version in der 2.x-Serie, benannt nach [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]]<ref>[https://blog.qgis.org/2016/11/08/qgis-2-18-las-palmas-is-released/ Announcing the release] (englisch)</ref><ref>[https://www.qgis.org/de/site/forusers/visualchangelog218/index.html Änderungsprotokoll für QGIS 2.18]</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|3.0}}
| „Girona“
| 23. Feb. 2018
| benannt nach [[Girona]], [http://blog.qgis.org/2018/02/23/qgis-3-0-girona-is-released/ QGIS 3.0 Girona is released!] (englisch) basiert auf [[Qt (Bibliothek)#Qt 5|Qt 5]] sowie [[PyQt]] 5 und [[Python (Programmiersprache)|Python 3]]<ref>{{Literatur |Titel=Help us to plan for QGIS 3.0 |Sammelwerk=QGIS.org blog |Datum=2016-01-17 |Online=https://blog.qgis.org/2016/01/17/help-us-to-plan-for-qgis-3-0/ |Abruf=2018-02-26}}</ref><ref>[http://changelog.qgis.org/en/qgis/version/3.0.0/ Changelog for QGIS 3.0.0] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|3.2}}
| „Bonn“
| 22. Juni 2018<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227035239/https://www.qgis.org/de/site/getinvolved/development/roadmap.html |titel=Road Map, Stand Februar 2018 |sprache=de |abruf=2018-02-27}}</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|3.4}} ([[Support (Dienstleistung)|LTS]])
| „Madeira“
|28. Okt. 2018<ref>{{Literatur |Titel=QGIS 3.4 Madeira is released! |Sammelwerk=QGIS.org blog |Datum=2018-10-28 |Online=http://blog.qgis.org/2018/10/28/qgis-3-4-madeira-is-released/ |Abruf=2018-11-02}}</ref>
|<ref>[https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog34/ Changelog for QGIS 3.4] (englisch)</ref>
|-
| {{Version|o|3.6}}
| „Noosa“
|22. Feb. 2019
|
|-
| {{Version|o|3.8}}
| „Zanzibar“
|21. Jun. 2019<ref name="RoadMapStand201906">{{Internetquelle |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619080130/https://www.qgis.org/de/site/getinvolved/development/roadmap.html |titel=Road Map, Stand Juni 2019 |sprache=de |abruf=2019-06-19}}</ref>
|
|-
| {{Version|co|3.10}} ([[Support (Dienstleistung)|LTS]])
| „A Coruña“
|25. Okt. 2019<ref name="RoadMapStand201906" />
|
|-
| {{Version|o|3.12}}
| „București“
|21. Feb. 2020<ref name="RoadMapStand201906" />
|
|-
| {{Version|c|3.14}}
| „Pi“
|19. Juni 2020<ref name="RoadMapStand201906" />
|
|-
| {{Version|p|3.16}}
| „Hannover“
|23. Okt. 2020<ref name="RoadMapStand201906" />
|
|-
| {{Version|p|3.18}}
|
|19. Feb. 2021<ref name="RoadMapStand201906" />
|
|-
| colspan="4" | {{Version|l|show=011101}}
|}

== Entwickler- und Benutzertreffen ==
Seit 2009 finden mehrtägige Entwickler-Treffen statt, in den ersten drei Jahren noch unter dem Namen ''QGIS Hackfest.'' Diese wurden in [[Hannover]], [[Wien]], [[Pisa]], [[Breslau]], [[Lissabon]], [[Zürich]], [[Lyon]], [[Essen]], Nødebo und [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] durchgeführt.<ref name="meetings">{{Internetquelle |url=https://qgis.de/doku.php |titel=Die QGIS-Anwendergruppe Deutschland |werk=qgis.de |abruf=2017-06-27}}</ref>

Seit 2010 finden QGIS-Anwendertreffen mit Vorträgen und Workshops statt. Die ''QGIS Anwendergruppe Deutschland e. V.'' ist seit 2015 beim Amtsgericht Köln registriert.<ref name="meetings" /> Die ''QGIS Anwendergruppe Schweiz'' als ein Verein nach Art. 60 – 79 [[Zivilgesetzbuch|ZGB]] gibt es seit ihrer Gründungsgeneralversammlung in [[Solothurn]] am 8. Februar 2012.<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.qgis.ch/de/verein/statuten-der-qgis-anwendergruppe-schweiz/at_download/file |titel=Statuten der QGIS-Anwendergruppe Schweiz |werk=qgis.ch |seiten=1 u. 5 |format=PDF; 169 kB |abruf=2017-08-25}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Deutschsprachige QGIS-Anwendertreffen
! Datum !! Ort !! Besucher
|-
| {{dts|21|4|2010}} || style="text-align:left;" | [[Bern]] || {{nts| 80}}
|-
| {{dts|6|5|2011}} || style="text-align:left;" | [[Rapperswil SG|Rapperswil]] || {{nts| 80}}
|-
| {{dts|25|9|2015}} || style="text-align:left;" | [[Kassel]] ||
|-
| {{dts|21|6|2017}} || style="text-align:left;" | [[Bern]] ||
|-
| {{dts|22|9|2017}} || style="text-align:left;" | [[Kassel]] ||
|}

== Weblinks ==
{{Commonscat|QGIS}}
* [https://www.qgis.org/de/site/ qgis.org] – Website des Projektes QGIS
* [https://qgis.de/ qgis.de] — QGIS Anwendergruppe Deutschland e.V
* [https://qgis.ch/ qgis.ch] — QGIS Anwendergruppe Schweiz (Verein)

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

{{Navigationsleiste OSGeo-Projekte}}

[[Kategorie:Windows-Software]]
[[Kategorie:MacOS-Software]]
[[Kategorie:Linux-Software]]
[[Kategorie:Android-Software]]
[[Kategorie:Geoinformationssystem]]
[[Kategorie:Qt-basierte Software]]
[[Kategorie:Abkürzung]]

Benutzer:Nhfflkh/Fernstraßen/4

2017-06-28T20:08:47Z

Enock4seth: /* top */ from the ref, reverting IP use edits

[[File:Tema - Accra Motorway toolbooth.jpeg|thumbnail|Tollbooth and hawkers on Tema - Accra motorway]]

The '''Tema Motorway''' is a {{convert|19|km|mi|adj=on}} highway that links [[Tema]] to [[Accra]]—capital of [[Ghana]]. It is the only motorway in Ghana.<ref name=patr/>

==History==
The highway was opened to traffic in Nov 1965 to link the harbour city of Tema to Accra.<ref name=TMW>{{cite web|title=Accra - Tema MOTORWAY|url=http://ghana-net.com/Accra_Tema_MOTORWAY_Accra_Tema_AUTOBAHN.aspx|publisher=www.ghana-net.com|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref> It was built under the administration of [[Kwame Nkrumah]], the first president of Ghana. Its construction was fashioned after the [[German Autobahnen|Autobahn]] in Germany and was purposed to be the first in motorway systems that would link major towns and cities in Ghana.

==Street lights==
A major problem that existed on the motorway was that of poor illumination. The motorway had no street lights when it was completed in 1964. In June 2002, the Ghana News Agency reported that the Government of Ghana was to spend 1.95 million [[Ghana cedi|cedis]] to light up the motorway. The project was to commemorate the country's Golden Jubilee in 2007. The project had challenges that delayed its completion of the Accra–Tema Motorway. It was suspended due to cable thefts. The problem led to plain-clothed [[Ghana Police Service|policemen]] patrolling the motorway.Unfortunately, not all of the mounted street lights on the motorway are functional.<ref name=patr>{{cite web|title=Police now patrol Tema Motorway|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/162338/1/police-now-patrol-tema-motorway.html|publisher=www.modernghana.com|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>

==Motorway campaigns==
In 2009, Adom FM, an Accra-based private radio station embarked on a campaign to educate users of the motorway on dangers that faced commuters on the multi-purpose highway.<ref name=adom/> The education included the rampant criminal activities on the motorway, the unsafe bridges, the potholes, stolen side-rails, malfunctioning street lights, lack of reflectors, broken-down vehicles, and [[road safety]].<ref name=adom>{{cite web|title=ADOM FM launches "Save the Accra-Tema Motorway" campaign|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/205398/1/adom-fm-launches-save-the-accra-tema-motorway-camp.html|publisher=www.modernghana.com|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>

==Rehabilitation of the motorway==
In August, 2009, rehabilitation work began on the road and was to cost 500,000 cedis.<ref name=rehab>{{cite web|title=Accra-Tema motorway to be rehabilitated|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/233591/1/accra-tema-motorway-to-be-rehabilitated.html|publisher=www.modernghana.com|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> Part of the motorway was to be reconstructed using [[epoxy cement]]. The rehabilitation work took eight weeks and involved the removal and replacement of the concrete slabs which had developed potholes and the repair of the [[asphalt]] surface on shoulders of the road.<ref name=rehab/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ghana Roads and Interchanges}}

[[Category:Roads in Ghana]]

Benutzer:Nhfflkh/Fernstraßen/3

2017-01-05T23:51:52Z

Enock4seth: /* top */ wikify

{{Infobox road
|country=GHA
|type=N
|route=1
|map=GH N1 highway route.png
|map_notes=The N1 is indicated in red
|length_mi=335.54
|length_ref=
|tahn=[[Trans-West African Coastal Highway|Trans-African Highway Route 7]]
|tahn-shield=
|direction_a=West
|terminus_a= {{jct|country=GHA|N|12}} at [[Elubo]]
|junction= {{plainlist|
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|19}} at Mpataba
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|88}} at Esiama
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|86}} at Abra
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|84}} at Agona
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|82}} at [[Cape Coast]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|N|8}} at [[Yamoransa]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|80}} at [[Saltpond]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|IR|1}} at [[Mankessim]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|62}} at Apam Junction
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|17}} at Ojobi Junction
*{{jct|country=GHA|IR|2}} at Winneba
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|15}} at Nyanyano
*{{jct|country=GHA|N|6}} at [[Mallam]], [[Accra]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|N|4}} at [[Tetteh Quarshie Interchange]], [[Accra]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|N|2}} at [[Tema]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|13}} at Dawhenya
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|18}} at [[Sege]]
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|11}} at Kase
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|16}} at Dabala
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|12|R|14}} at Akatsi
*{{jct|country=GHA|R|10|R|11}} at [[Denu]]
}}
|direction_b=East
|terminus_b= [[Aflao]]
|cities=[[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Cape Coast]], [[Winneba]], [[Accra]], [[Tema]], [[Sogakope]]
|previous_type=R
|previous_route=204
|next_type=N
|next_route=2
}}

The '''N1''' or National Highway 1 is a national highway in [[Ghana]] that begins at the border with [[Ivory Coast]] at [[Elubo]] and runs through [[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Cape Coast]], [[Winneba]], [[Accra]] and [[Tema]] to the border with Togo at [[Aflao]]. It is the main highway along the coast of the country, with a total distance of 540 kilometers (335.5 miles). The route runs through the [[Western Region (Ghana)|Western]], [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central]], [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]] and [[Volta Region|Volta]] regions of Ghana.

The route, which forms part of the [[Trans-African Highway network]] ([[Trans-West African Coastal Highway|Route 7]]), links the A100 road in [[Ivory Coast]] to the N2 in [[Togo]], completing the stretch of the [[Dakar]] - [[Lagos]] route.

==Route==
Major towns and cities along the route of the N1 include [[Elubo]], [[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Cape Coast]], [[Yamoransa]], [[Winneba]], [[Kasoa]], [[Accra]], [[Tema]], [[Dawhenya]], [[Aveyime-Battor]], Kase, Dabala, Akatsi, [[Denu]], [[Sogakope]], and [[Aflao]].

===Western Region===
The N1 begins at the border with Ivory Coast at [[Elubo]] and proceeds southeast through the town of Esiama, where the road splits and the N1 continues east to Apemenyim. The route veers south at [[Agona]], where it intersects with the [[Regional Route 84|R84]] before continuing on through downtown [[Sekondi-Takoradi]]. At the Market Circle, the N1 continues north along the Cape Coast - Takoradi road to [[Nkwanta]], where it crosses into the Central Region.

===Central Region===
In the Central Region, the N1 turns back toward the coast through [[Elmina]]. At [[Cape Coast]], the route veers north toward [[Yamoransa]], where it splits into two separate routes - the northbound [[N8 road (Ghana)|N8]] and the eastbound N1 along the coast. The N1 meets the [[Regional Route 80|R80]] at [[Mankessim]], where it continues east to the [[Regional Route 62|R62]] junction at [[Winneba]]. After [[Winneba]], the N1 continues east through Kasoa, entering the Greater Accra Region at Ngleshi-Amanfro.

===Greater Accra Region===
From Ngleshi-Amanfro, the N1 continues east through Mallam in [[Accra]], where it turns north and continues as a six-lane motorway for 14 km (8.7 mi) as the [[George Walker Bush Highway|George Walker Bush Motorway]].<ref>http://mida.gov.gh/site/?page_id=264K</ref><ref>http://edition.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201202/81594.php</ref> At Nsawam road, it meets the [[N6 road (Ghana)|N6]], which runs north toward [[Kumasi]]. The N1 continues east toward the [[Tetteh Quarshie Interchange]], where it intersects with the northbound [[N4 road (Ghana)|N4]] and continues as a four-lane motorway for 19 km (12 mi) as the [[Tema Motorway|Kwame Nkrumah Motorway]]. At the Motorway Roundabout, the N1 splits into two - the northbound N2 and eastbound N1. It then continues northeast through Kasseh, where it veers sharply north through Kpotame Tefleh and crosses the [[Volta River]] into the Volta Region.

===Volta Region===
In the Volta Region, the N1 continues begins at [[Sogakope]] and continues east until Akatsi, where it turns south toward the coast through Afife and Klikor-Agbozume. At Torkor, the N1 branches south into Denu and continues to the border town of [[Aflao]], where it crosses into Togo as the Togolese N2 route.

== See also ==
*[[Ghana Road Network]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Roads in Ghana]]

DJ-Controller

2016-08-01T08:47:03Z

Enock4seth: Filled in 5 bare reference(s) with reFill ()

'''DJ controllers''' are devices used to help [[DJ]]s mix music with [[DJ#Software|DJ software]] using knobs, encoders, jog wheels, faders, backlit buttons, touch strips, and other components. They are used to provide easier control of the software than the [[computer keyboard]] and [[touchpad]] on a laptop, or the [[touchscreen]] on [[tablet computer]]s and [[smartphone]]s. DJ controllers do not mix audio signals like [[DJ mixer]]s; rather, they send signals to a computer to tell the DJ software running on the computer how to mix audio. Many DJ controllers also have a built in [[sound card]] with 4 output channels (2 stereo pairs), which allows the DJ to preview music in [[headphone]]s before playing it on the main output. Most DJ controllers use the standard [[MIDI]] or [[human interface device|HID]] protocols to communicate with the computer via [[USB]].

Most DJ controllers emulate two [[turntable]]s/[[CDJ]]s and a [[DJ mixer]]. However, DJ controllers are much cheaper than two turntables or CDJs plus a mixer. Unlike turntables, controllers can take advantage of the flexibility of computer software, for example, by allowing the DJ to store multiple cue points with music files. Also, DJ software allows users to remap the components of controllers to perform different functions than the controller manufacturer intended.

Some DJ controllers break from the conventional two jog wheels and a mixer layout and are designed to be easily mapped however the user wants. Some controllers are designed to be used either for [[live PA]] performances with software such as [[Ableton Live]] or with DJ software. A few DJ controllers, most notably the Novation Dicers, are designed to be used with [[DJ#Timecode|timecode vinyl]].

DJ controllers are usually designed to work with only one or a few DJ software programs endorsed by the manufacturer. Most controllers use the standard MIDI or HID protocols, so other software can usually be made to work with them. However, it may take considerable effort to get a controller to work with software it was not designed for, and some controls may not make sense with other software.

==History==
In 2007, [[Vestax]] was the first company to produce a controller specifically designed for DJing, the VCI-100, that emulated two turntables and a DJ mixer setup and was built with quality components acceptable to DJs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://djtechtools.com/2011/01/10/the-vci-100-is-dead-long-live-the-vci/|title=The VCI-100 is Dead- Long live the VCI!|first=Ean|last=Golden|date=10 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref> Many manufacturers saw the success of the VCI-100 and started selling their own similar devices. Unlike the original VCI-100, some of those devices had integrated sound cards.

In 2009, [[Pioneer DJ]] produced new models of their popular [[CDJ]] media players, the CDJ-2000 and CDJ-900, that could also be used as controllers to control DJ software via HID.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://djtechtools.com/2009/09/17/pioneer-cdj-2000-ne/|title=Introducing the Pioneer CDJ 2000|first=Ean|last=Golden|date=17 September 2009|publisher=}}</ref> This way, CDJs can be used to control DJ software without playing a [[DJ#Timecode|timecode]] signal into a sound card.

In 2010, [[Native Instruments]] released the Traktor Kontrol S4, which used high resolution jog wheels and a proprietary protocol rather than [[MIDI]] to achieve better performance of the jog wheels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://djtechtools.com/2010/08/16/traktor-s4-dj-system/|title=Traktor Kontrol S4 DJ System|first=Ean|last=Golden|date=16 August 2010|publisher=}}</ref> The Mk2 of the Kontrol S4, released in 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaldjtips.com/2013/10/review-video-traktor-kontrol-s4-mk2/|title=Review & Video: Traktor Kontrol S4 Mk2 - Digital DJ Tips|date=15 October 2013|publisher=}}</ref> uses standard [[human interface device|HID]] signals rather than a proprietary protocol to communicate with the computer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.native-instruments.com/en/support/knowledge-base/show/1925/i-cannot-find-the-driver-for-my-ni-device-on-the-website-os-x/|title=I Cannot Find the Driver for my NI Device on the Website (OS X) - Knowledge Base - Support|publisher=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dj Digital Controller}}
[[Category:DJing]]
[[Category:DJ equipment]]
[[Category:MIDI]]

{{music-stub}}

Benutzer:Enock4seth

2015-01-04T11:18:56Z

Enock4seth: userpage

Welkommen! Ich bin Enock. Ich sprache ''little'' Deutsche :). [[w:User:Enock4seth|ENWP]]

Adrianne Wadewitz

2014-12-21T15:05:17Z

Enock4seth: Cleaned up using AutoEd

{{Infobox person
|name = Adrianne Wadewitz
|image = Wikimania 2012 portrait 102 by ragesoss, 2012-07-13.JPG
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_name = 
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1977|01|06}}
|birth_place = [[Omaha, Nebraska]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|04|08|1977|01|06}}
|death_place = [[Palm Springs, California]]
|occupation = Academic
|alma_mater = [[Columbia University]] (B.A., English, 1999) [[Indiana University]] (Ph.D., 2011) <ref name=nyt/>
|known_for = Feminist scholar, educator, and {{srlink|User:Wadewitz|Wikipedian}}
|other_names =
}}
'''Adrianne Wadewitz''' (January 6, 1977 – April 8, 2014) was an American [[feminist]] scholar of 18th-century [[British literature]], and a noted [[Wikipedian]] and commenter upon [[Wikipedia]], particularly focusing on gender issues.

==Early life==
[[File:Editing Wikipedia brochure (Wiki Education Foundation).pdf|thumb|right|''Editing Wikipedia'' featuring Wadewitz as the face of Wikipedia]]

Adrianne Wadewitz was born on January 6, 1977, in [[Omaha, Nebraska]], to Betty M., a nurse and attorney, and Nathan R. Wadewitz, a [[Lutheran]] pastor.<ref name=LATimesObit>{{cite news|date=April 23, 2014|url=http://www.latimes.com/obituaries/la-me-adrianne-wadewitz-20140424,0,1077455.story|title=Adrianne Wadewitz dies at 37; helped diversify Wikipedia|author=Elaine Woo|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|deadurl=no}}</ref> She graduated from [[North Platte High School (Nebraska)|North Platte High School]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.omaha.com/article/20140423/NEWS/140429478/1707|title=North Platte grad, 37, Wikipedia editor, dies in climbing fall|work=[[Omaha World Herald]]|date=April 23, 2014|agency=World-Herald News Service|accessdate=April 27, 2014|last=Wetzel|first=Diane|archivedate=April 24, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140424062441/http://www.latimes.com/obituaries/la-me-adrianne-wadewitz-20140424,0,1077455.story|deadurl=no}}</ref> Wadewitz studied [[English literature]] and received a degree in English from [[Columbia University]] in 1999.<ref name=nyt>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/business/media/adrianne-wadewitz-37-wikipedia-editor-and-academic-dies.html|title= Adrianne Wadewitz, 37, Wikipedia Editor, Dies After Rock Climbing Fall|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=April 18, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 19, 2014|accessdate=April 19, 2014|archivedate=April 20, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140420015133/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/business/media/adrianne-wadewitz-37-wikipedia-editor-and-academic-dies.html}}</ref> In 2011, she obtained a [[Ph.D.]] from [[Indiana University]] and became a [[postdoctoral fellow]] at the Center for Digital Learning and Research at [[Occidental College]]. She was chosen as a Mellon Digital Scholarship Postdoctoral Fellow and a HASTAC scholar.<ref name=HASTAC>{{cite web|last=Davidson|first=Cathy|url=https://www.hastac.org/blogs/cathy-davidson/2014/04/10/remembering-adrianne-wadewitz-scholar-communicator-teacher-leader|publisher=HASTAC|title=Remembering Adrianne Wadewitz: Scholar, Communicator, Teacher, Leader|accessdate=April 23, 2014|archivedate=April 23, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140423071538/https://www.hastac.org/blogs/cathy-davidson/2014/04/10/remembering-adrianne-wadewitz-scholar-communicator-teacher-leader}}</ref>

==Academic career==

===Education===
Wadewitz graduated ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from [[Columbia University]], and later received her [[Master's degree|masters]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctoral]] degrees in British literature with a minor in 18th-century studies from [[Indiana University]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://oxy.academia.edu/AdrianneWadewitz/CurriculumVitae|title=Curriculum Vitae of Adrianne Wadewitz|work=Academia.edu|accessdate= April 23, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140524153644/http://oxy.academia.edu/AdrianneWadewitz/CurriculumVitae|archivedate=May 24, 2014}}</ref> She completed both a [[master's thesis]], "'Doubting Thomas': The Failure of Religious Appropriation in The Age of Reason" (2003),<ref>{{cite web|last=Wadewitz|first=Adrianne|title ='Doubting Thomas': The Failure of Religious Appropriation in The Age of Reason|accessdate=April 23, 2014|url=http://iucat.iu.edu/catalog/6033513|publisher=[[Indiana University]]}}</ref> and her [[doctoral dissertation]], '''Spare the Sympathy, Spoil the Child:' Sensibility, Selfhood, and the Maturing Reader, 1775–1815'' (2011).<ref>{{citation|last=Wadewitz|first=Adrianne|year=2011|url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/884792113|title='Spare the Sympathy, Spoil the Child:' Sensibility, Selfhood, and the Maturing Reader, 1775-1815|publisher=ProQuest Dissertations and Theses|place=Ann Arbor, MI|deadurl=no}}. Order Number 3466388. Indiana University.</ref>

Her dissertation combined her research interests in archival work, children's literature, and gender studies. In it, Wadewitz studied the use of language and discursive strategies such as embedded narratives in children's books by [[Mary Wollstonecraft]], [[Anna Laetitia Barbauld]], [[Charlotte Turner Smith|Charlotte Smith]], [[Maria Edgeworth]], and others. She argued that through such reading, the child was supported in the construction of a "sympathetic self" that was "collective, benevolent, and imaginative."<ref>{{citation|last=Wadewitz|first=Adrianne|year=2011|place=Ann Arbor, MI|url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/884792113|title='Spare the Sympathy, Spoil the Child:' Sensibility, Selfhood, and the Maturing Reader, 1775-1815|page=vi|publisher=ProQuest Dissertations and Theses|deadurl=no}}. Order Number 3466388. Indiana University.</ref> She also argued that the kinds of subjectivity displayed in late eighteenth-century children's literature challenged "the dominant Lockean model" by drawing upon "Rousseau's theory of education and the discourse of sensibility to construct a 'sympathetic self.' [...] Significantly, this 'sympathetic self' was available to both sexes and to children. Unlike other versions of the self based on sensibility, it was not predicated upon femininity. Moreover, maturation did not depend on age, but rather on one's state of mind; any person educated through this sympathetic literature could be an adult and participate in civic society through, for example, charitable acts."<ref>Wadewitz (2011), p. vi</ref> Moreover, through its analysis of "how childhood reading informed the reading of 'adult' novels by Jane Austen," it argued that "contemporary readers of Austen would have read her novels 'didactically' and followed the structural patterns of the children's literature they grew up reading rather than seeing the irony we value today."<ref>Wadewitz (2011), p. vii</ref>

===Digital humanities===
In 2009, Wadewitz began putting ''[[The New England Primer]]'' online, culminating in a permanent online exhibit in 2012, with text and annotated transcriptions.<ref>[http://cdlrsandbox.org/neprimer/index.html New England Primer] exhibit and analysis, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2014.</ref>

She published on topics including 18th-century children's literature, ambiguity in historical scholarship, and use of Wikipedia in the classroom.<ref name=works>[http://works.bepress.com/adrianne_wadewitz/doctype.html Selected Works of Adrienne Wadewitz], [http://scholar.oxy.edu/ OxyScholar Digital Repository], Occidental College. Retrieved April 21, 2014.</ref>

Writing about the use of Wikipedia in education, she argued that in addition to traditional writing and research skills, students should develop skills in media and technological literacy. Reflecting on the construction of knowledge, she emphasized the need to assess sources; distinguish between fact-based and persuasive writing; and be aware of authority and legitimacy. She promoted the development of curricula that included collaborative writing, development of writing skills in the context of a “community of practice”, and writing for a global readership.<ref name=works/>

==Wikipedia editing and advocacy==
[[File:The Impact of Wikipedia Adrianne Wadewitz.webm|thumb|350px|Wadewitz's video, "The Impact of Wikipedia"]]
Wadewitz made her first edit on Wikipedia in 2004,<ref name=corriere>{{cite web|url=http://seigradi.corriere.it/2014/04/21/addio-ad-adrianne-wadewitz-paladina-delle-donne-su-wikipedia/|title=Addio ad Adrianne Wadewitz, paladina delle donne su Wikipedia|author=Marta Serafini|publisher=Corriere della Sera|date=April 21, 2014|accessdate=April 27, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140427172643/http://seigradi.corriere.it/2014/04/21/addio-ad-adrianne-wadewitz-paladina-delle-donne-su-wikipedia/|archivedate=May 19, 2014}}</ref> and went on to create articles on female writers and scholars, several of them becoming [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|featured articles]]. She originally edited anonymously for several years before revealing her gender.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[PBS NewsHour]]|date=May 18, 2014|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/wikipedian-editor-took-wikipedias-gender-gap/|title=‘Wikipedian’ editor took on website’s gender gap|accessdate=May 21, 2014|last=Wholf|first=Tracy|archivedate=
May 19, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140519000243/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/wikipedian-editor-took-wikipedias-gender-gap/}}</ref> She made nearly 50,000 edits in all.<ref name=nyt/>

As a major promoter of getting more women to edit Wikipedia to help end [[systematic bias]], she said, "We need more female editors, more feminists (who can be editors of any gender), and more editors willing to work on content related to women. The single most underrepresented group on Wikipedia is married women of color with children."<ref name=college>{{cite web|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 26, 2014|url=http://college.usatoday.com/2014/03/26/universities-re-write-wikipedia-to-fill-holes-include-women/|title=Universities 're-write' Wikipedia to fill holes, include women|accessdate=April 20, 2014|last=Mehrotra|first=Karishma|archivedate=April 21, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140421051432/http://college.usatoday.com/2014/03/26/universities-re-write-wikipedia-to-fill-holes-include-women/|deadurl=no}}</ref>

She increasingly became seen as an authority on Wikipedia, and particularly on the encyclopedia's gender issues, and was cited as such by organizations such as the [[BBC]].<ref>{{cite news|date=April 7, 2014|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26828726|title=How can Wikipedia woo women editors?|first=Lynsea|last=Garrison|accessdate=April 21, 2014|work=[[BBC News Magazine]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|archivedate=May 23, 2014|deadurl=no |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140523235334/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26828726}}</ref>

Wadewitz also served on the board of the [[Wikipedia:Wiki Education Foundation|Wiki Education Foundation]], whose Board Chair and Executive Director noted that "her impact on work promoting Wikipedia as a teaching tool can be seen throughout the Education Program."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiki_Education_Foundation/Adrianne|title=Wikipedia:Wiki Education Foundation/Adrianne |first1=Diana|last1=Strassmann|first2=Frank|last2=Schulenberg|date=April 10, 2014|accessdate=April 23, 2014|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140524170131/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiki_Education_Foundation/Adrianne|archivedate=May 24, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>

==Climbing==
Wadewitz enjoyed [[rock climbing]], which she described as enabling "a new narrative about herself beyond that of a bookish, piano-playing Wikipedia contributor."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/business/media/adrianne-wadewitz-37-wikipedia-editor-and-academic-dies.html|title=Adrianne Wadewitz, 37, Wikipedia Editor, Dies After Rock Climbing Fall|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=April 18, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 18, 2014|archivedate=April 23, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140423012216/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/business/media/adrianne-wadewitz-37-wikipedia-editor-and-academic-dies.html|deadurl=no}} See {{citation|url=https://www.hastac.org/blogs/wadewitz/2013/08/12/what-i-learned-worst-student-class|last=Wadewitz|first=Adrianne|chapter=What I learned as the worst student in the class|title=HASTAC|date=August 12, 2013|archivedate=April 25, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140425040459/https://www.hastac.org/blogs/wadewitz/2013/08/12/what-i-learned-worst-student-class|deadurl=no}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Media tribute to Adrianne Wadewitz, Occidental College.jpg|thumb|A digital media tribute to Adrianne Wadewitz at Occidental College]]

On April 8, 2014, she died from head injuries sustained a week earlier in a rock climbing fall at [[Joshua Tree National Park]].<ref name=Albrinck>{{cite news|last=Albrinck|first=Jennie|title=Busy Weekend for Search and Rescue at Joshua Tree National Park|url=http://www.nps.gov/jotr/parknews/busy-weekend-for-search-and-rescue-at-joshua-tree-national-park.htm|accessdate=April 24, 2014|newspaper=Joshua Tree National Park|date=April 1, 2014|archivedate=April 24, 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140424080251/http://www.nps.gov/jotr/parknews/busy-weekend-for-search-and-rescue-at-joshua-tree-national-park.htm}}</ref><ref name=desertsun>{{cite news|url=http://www.desertsun.com/story/news/local/2014/04/18/wikipedia-editor-dies-palm-springs-following-fall-joshua-tree-national-park/7890685/|title= Wikipedia editor Adrianne Wadewitz dies in Palm Springs|last1=Newkirk|first1=Barrett |date=April 18, 2014|work=[[The Desert Sun]]|accessdate=April 18, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140419165219/http://www.desertsun.com/story/news/local/2014/04/18/wikipedia-editor-dies-palm-springs-following-fall-joshua-tree-national-park/7890685/|archivedate=April 19, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> [[Sue Gardner]], the executive director of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], described Wadewitz's death as a "huge loss" and said she may have been Wikipedia's "single biggest contributor on ... female authors [and] women's history".<ref name=nyt/> Obituaries for her were published in the ''[[New York Times]]'',<ref name=nyt/> the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'',<ref name=LATimesObit/> the ''[[Washington Post]]'',<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/adrianne-wadewitz-wikipedia-contributor-dies-at-37/2014/04/25/42ceecd8-cc95-11e3-a75e-463587891b57_story.html|title=Adrianne Wadewitz, Wikipedia contributor, dies at 37|last=Elaine Woo|newspaper=Washington Post|accessdate=April 30, 2014|deadurl=no}} (republication of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' article)</ref> the ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'',<ref name="smh">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=April 25, 2014|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/adrianne-wadewitz-a-persnickety-factobsessed-wikipedia-editor-20140425-zqzdi.html|title=Adrianne Wadewitz: A persnickety, fact-obsessed Wikipedia editor|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=April 29, 2014|location=Sydney|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140524165134/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/adrianne-wadewitz-a-persnickety-factobsessed-wikipedia-editor-20140425-zqzdi.html|archivedate=May 24, 2014|deadurl=no}} (reprint of the ''[[New York Times]]'' obituary)</ref> and ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'',<ref name=corriere/> amongst others.<ref>E.g. "[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/fortwayne/obituary.aspx?n=adrianne-wadewitz&pid=170755315 Dr. Adrianne Wadiwitz]" Fort Wayne, Indiana Newspapers, April 23, 2014.</ref><ref name=BostonGlobe>{{cite news|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|title=Adrianne Wadewitz: Seizing the power of Wikipedia|date=May 3, 2014|accessdate=May 3, 2014|author=[[Editorial]]|url=http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2014/05/03/adrianne-wadewitz-seizing-power-wikipedia/j5LtDtmbbr8LDSzuread2I/story.html|archivedate=May 4, 2014 |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140504122904/http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2014/05/03/adrianne-wadewitz-seizing-power-wikipedia/j5LtDtmbbr8LDSzuread2I/story.html|deadurl=no}}</ref> The ''Sydney Morning Herald'' also republished one of her last blog posts, in which she discussed how engaging with a difficult activity had taught her about helping students with their own difficulties, partly by teaching them to celebrate the little successes on the way to a goal. She wrote that, "Ultimately, nothing was more helpful for me than failing repeatedly" and that she wanted her students to realize that failures could be part of learning and were nothing to be ashamed of.<ref name="smhblogpostrepublish">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/how-adrianne-wadewitz-learnt-to-embrace-failure-20140425-zqzgx.html|title=How Adrianne Wadewitz learnt to embrace failure|last=Wadewitz|first=Adrianne|date=April 25, 2014|publisher=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=April 30, 2014|location=Sydney |archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140524164926/http://www.smh.com.au/world/how-adrianne-wadewitz-learnt-to-embrace-failure-20140425-zqzgx.html|archivedate=May 24, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>

==Works==
* With Pamela Gay-White. "[http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/lion_and_the_unicorn/toc/uni.33.2.html Introduction: 'Performing the Didactic']". ''The Lion and the Unicorn'' 33.2 (2009): v-vii.
* With Pamela Gay-White (eds.) ''[[The Lion and the Unicorn (journal)|The Lion and the Unicorn]]'', special issue on [[didacticism]] in 18th-century children's literature. 2009.<ref>Pamela Gay-White and Adrianne Wadewitz. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/lion_and_the_unicorn/toc/uni.33.2.html "Introduction: "Performing the Didactic"]." The Lion and the Unicorn 33.2 (2009): v-vii. Project MUSE. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.</ref>
* {{citation|last=Wadewitz|first=Adrianne|year=2011|url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/884792113|title='Spare the Sympathy, Spoil the Child:' Sensibility, Selfhood, and the Maturing Reader, 1775-1815|publisher=ProQuest Dissertations and Theses|place=Ann Arbor, MI|ref=none}}. Order Number 3466388. Indiana University. (Doctoral dissertation)
* With Anne Ellen Geller and Jon Beasley-Murray. "Wiki-hacking: Opening up the Academy with Wikipedia", ''Hacking the Academy''. In Tom Scheinfeldt and Daniel J. Cohen (eds.). {{citation|title=Hacking the Academy: New Approaches to Scholarship and Teaching from Digital Humanities|place=Ann Arbor, MI|year=2013|url=http://hackingtheacademy.org/lectures-classrooms-and-the-curriculum/|publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]]|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140424062333/http://hackingtheacademy.org/lectures-classrooms-and-the-curriculum/|archivedate= April 24, 2014|deadurl=no|ref=none}}
* With Mica Hilson. "A Doctor for Who(m)?: Queer Temporalities and the Sexualized Child", ''[[Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature]]'' 52.1 (January 2014): pp. 63–76 <ref>{{citation|last1=Wadewitz|first1=Adrianne|last2=Hilson|first2=Mica|title=A Doctor for Who(m)?: Queer Temporalities and the Sexualized Child|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/|journal=Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature|volume=52|issue=1|year=2014|pages=63–76|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140506133533/http://muse.jhu.edu/|archivedate=May 6, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> ([http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/bookbird/summary/v052/52.1.wadewitz.html Abstract])

==See also==
* [[Gender imbalance on Wikipedia]]
* "[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2014-04-09/Special report|Community mourns passing of Adrianne Wadewitz]]", ''The Signpost'', April 9, 2014.
{{Portalbar|Biography|California|Indiana|Nebraska|Feminism|Internet}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
[[File:Wikipedia Weekly Episode 35 Secretly Famous Interview with Adrianne Wadewitz.ogg|thumb|Wikipedia Weekly Episode 35 Secretly Famous Interview with Adranne Wadewitz]]

{{sisterlinks|d=Q16438247|commons=category:Adrianne Wadewitz|s=Author:Adrianne Wadewitz|wikt=no|q=Adrianne Wadewitz|n=Wikimedian activist Adrianne Wadewitz dies|b=no|species=no|m=no|mw=no|voy=no|v=no}}
* [https://www.hastac.org/blogs/wadewitz Wadewitz's blog] on the [[HASTAC|Humanities, Arts, Science and Technology Alliance and Collaboratory]] website
* Alex Juhasz and Anne Balsamo, [http://femtechnet.newschool.edu/blog/adrianne-wadewitz/ Tribute to Adrianne Wadewitz], [[The New School]], FemTechNet blog, April 10, 2014.
* "[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/fortwayne/obituary.aspx?n=adrianne-wadewitz&pid=170755315 Dr. Adrianne Wadewitz]" Fort Wayne, Indiana Newspapers, April 23, 2014.
* [https://sites.google.com/site/wadewitz/ Wadewitz] Google Website.
* {{cite news|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/wikipedian-editor-took-wikipedias-gender-gap/|title='Wikipedian' editor took on website’s gender gap|date=May 18, 2014|work=[[PBS NewsHour]]|publisher=[[PBS]]|accessdate=May 19, 2014|first=Tracy|last=Wholf|archivedate=May 19, 2014|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20140519000243/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/wikipedian-editor-took-wikipedias-gender-gap/|deadurl=no}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata
|NAME = Wadewitz, Adrianne
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Awadewit
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American feminist scholar and Wikipedia editor
|DATE OF BIRTH = January 6, 1977
|PLACE OF BIRTH = Omaha, Nebraska
|DATE OF DEATH = April 8, 2014
|PLACE OF DEATH = Palm Springs, California
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wadewitz, Adrianne}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]
[[Category:American academics]]
[[Category:American bloggers]]
[[Category:American feminists]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Indiana University alumni]]
[[Category:Mountaineering deaths]]
[[Category:Occidental College faculty]]
[[Category:People from Omaha, Nebraska]]
[[Category:Wikipedia people]]
[[Category:Women encyclopedists]]
[[Category:Women bloggers]]

Sundar Pichai

2014-12-13T18:59:08Z

Enock4seth: Cleaned up using AutoEd

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}{{use Indian English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sundar Pichai
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_name = Pichai Sundararajan
|birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|1972|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Chennai]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itzchennai.com/pride-of-chennai.html|date=January 2012|publisher=Itz Chennai|title=Pride of Chennai - A list of people that make Chennai proud}}</ref> [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
|death_date = 
|death_place =
|nationality = [[India]]n
|alma_mater = [[IIT Kharagpur]] [[Stanford University]] [[The Wharton School]]
|other_names =
|occupation =
|known_for =
|employer = [[Google Inc.]]
|spouse =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ta
}}
'''Pichai Sundararajan''', better known as '''Sundar Pichai''', is an Indian businessman and a Senior Vice President at [[Google]], where he oversees [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Google Chrome|Chrome]], and [[Google Apps]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft? |publisher=Times of India |date= 2 February 2014 |accessdate=4 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-16/other-news/37766973_1_sundar-pichai-chrome-os-iit-kharagpur |title=Google's latest star was IIT Kharagpur topper |publisher=Times of India |date=16 March 2013 |accessdate=16 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=12 May 2011 |accessdate=15 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="CNET--Google Shakeup">{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Charles |title=Chrome head Sundar Pichai takes over Android |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57574104-93/google-shakeup-chrome-head-sundar-pichai-takes-over-android/ |accessdate=14 March 2013 |newspaper=CNET |date=13 March 2013}}</ref>

Born in [[Tamilnadu]], he did his early schooling at Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan in Chennai. He earned his Bachelor of Engineering degree from IIT- Kharagpur. <ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Chennais-Sundar-Pichai-is-dark-horse/articleshow/29744299.cms</ref> He holds an M.S. from [[Stanford University]] and an [[MBA]] from the [[Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where he was named a Siebel Scholar<ref>[http://www.siebelscholars.com/scholars/347 Siebel Scholars]. Siebel Scholars. Retrieved on 23 August 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Charles |title=Sundar Pichai:Seven prominent Indian-origin people in global IT world |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/people/seven-prominent-indian-origin-people-in-global-it-world/sundar-pichai/slideshow/24183228.cms |accessdate=14 March 2013 |newspaper=CNET |date=13 March 2013}}</ref> and a Palmer Scholar.

Pichai worked in engineering and [[product management]] at Applied Materials and in [[management consulting]] at [[McKinsey & Company]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Thoppil |first=Dhanya Ann |title=Who Is Google Android’s Sundar Pichai? |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/03/14/who-is-google-androids-sundar-pichai/ |accessdate=29 April 2014 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=14 March 2013}}</ref>

Pichai joined Google in 2004, where he led the product management and innovation efforts for a suite of Google's client software products, including [[Google Chrome]] and [[Google Chrome OS|Chrome OS]], as well as being largely responsible for [[Google Drive]]. He went on to oversee the development of different apps like [[Gmail]] and [[Google Maps]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Charles |title=Meet Google’s new Android chief Sundar Pichai |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-16/strategy/37766660_1_sundar-pichai-chrome-os-iit-kharagpur |accessdate=14 March 2013 |newspaper=CNET |date=13 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Charles |title=Sundar Pichai: The man Google, Twitter fought for |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/report/slide-show-1-tech-sundar-pichai-the-man-google-twitter-fought-for/20130319.htm |accessdate=14 March 2013 |newspaper=CNET |date=13 March 2013}}</ref> On 19 November 2009, Pichai gave a demonstration of [[Chrome OS]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Strohmeyer |first=Robert |date=19 November 2009 |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/182655/Google_Chrome_OS_Unveiled.html |title=Google Chrome OS Unveiled: Speed, Simplicity, and Security Stressed |publisher=PCWorld |accessdate=15 November 2012}}</ref> On 20 May 2010, he announced the open-sourcing of the new video codec [[VP8]] by Google, and introduced the new video format [[WebM]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/video/google-open-sourcing-vp8-as-part-of-webm-project/ |title=Google Open Sourcing VP8 as Part of WebM Project — Online Video News |publisher=Gigaom.com |date=19 May 2010 |accessdate=15 November 2012}}</ref>

On 13 March 2013, Pichai added [[Android (operating system)|Android]] to the Google products he oversees. Android was formerly managed by [[Andy Rubin]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Olivarez-Giles |first=Nathan |title=Google Replaces Android Boss Andy Rubin With Chrome’s Sundar Pichai |url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2013/03/andy-rubin-leaving-android/ |accessdate=13 March 2013 |newspaper=Wired |date=13 March 2013}}</ref> He was rumored to be one of the contenders for the CEO position of Microsoft in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last=Furrier |first=John |title=BREAKING NEWS: Google SVP of Chrome & Apps Sundar Pichai now front runner for Microsoft CEO job |url=http://siliconangle.com/blog/2014/01/31/breaking-news-google-svp-of-chrome-apps-sundar-pichai-now-front-runner-for microsoft-ceo-job/ |accessdate=3 February 2014 |newspaper=SiliconANGLE |date=31 January 2014}}</ref>

He serves as a Member of Board of Advisors at Ruba, Inc{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}. He was a Director of [[Jive Software]] from April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title= Who is Sundar Pichai? |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/others/news/who-is-sundar-pichai-342476 |publisher= NDTV.com |accessdate= 3 February 2014}}</ref> till 30 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jive Elects Informatica Executive Margaret Breya to Board of Directors |url=http://investors.jivesoftware.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=781347|publisher=Jive Software|accessdate=12 February 2014}}</ref> Pichai is married and has a daughter and a son.<ref name="siliconindia.com"/>

Pichai was appointed as Google’s new Product Chief by CEO [[Larry Page]] on 24 Oct, 2014.<ref>[http://www.mobiletor.com/119663/sundar-pichai-india-google-product/ Google CEO Larry Page appoints Sundar Pichai as Google’s new Product Chief]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Google+|+SundarPichai}}
* {{Twitter|sundarpichai|Sundar Pichai}}

{{Persondata
|NAME =Pichai, Sundar
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Sundarajan Pichai
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian businessman
|DATE OF BIRTH = 1967
|PLACE OF BIRTH = Chennai, Tamil Nadu

}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pichai, Sundar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Google employees]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Tamil people]]
[[Category:McKinsey & Company people]]
[[Category:Indian corporate directors]]

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Gerald Creasy

2014-10-05T09:35:26Z

Enock4seth: /* top */ added ref about shooting, and leading to the 1948 Accra Riots (edited with ProveIt)

Sir '''Gerald Hallen Creasy''' (1897 — 1983) [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[British Empire|colonial administrator]]. He has served as [[Governor]] of the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] and [[Malta]]. The "''Christiansborg cross-roads shooting incident''" which led to the [[1948 Accra Riots]] occurred while he was Governor in Gold Coast.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200602280295.html | title=Ghana: 58 Years After the February 28th 1948 Crossroads Incident | publisher=AllAfrica | accessdate=5 October 2014 | author=Opoku-Agyemang, Lovelace}}</ref>

==Gold Coast==
Creasy was appointed governor on 12 January 1948. He succeeded [[Alan Burns (governor)|Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns]].<ref name=rulers>{{cite web |url=http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#ghana |title=Rulers-Ghana |accessdate=2011-07-29 |publisher=B. Schemmel}}</ref> He is however most remembered in Ghana for the "Christiansborg cross-roads shooting incident" on 28 February 1948, about six weeks into his job. 63 unarmed former [[World War II]] veterans were killed that day while demonstrating about end of service benefits.<ref name=statesman>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/editorial_detail.php?newsid=159&section=0 |title=Ghana is 50, UGCC is 60, too |accessdate=2011-07-29 |date=26 March 2007 |work=News:Editorials |publisher=The Statesman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Leaders/Nkrumah2.htm |title=KWAME NKRUMAH: THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE |accessdate=2011-07-29 |publisher=GuyanaUnderSiege.com}}</ref> The protests had followed the Association of West African Merchants (AWAM) boycots in [[Accra]].<ref name=dedey>{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=120440 |title=The "Big Six", Myth or Reality? |accessdate=2011-07-29 |author=Kosi Dedey |date=8 March 2007 |work=Feature article |publisher=Ghana Home Page}}</ref> This played into the hands of the local political leadership, the [[United Gold Coast Convention]] (UGCC).

Led by [[the Big Six (Ghana)|the Big Six]], they sent a cable on the same day to the Secretary of State in London.<ref name=statesman/>
<blockquote>"...unless Colonial Government is changed and a new Government of the people and their Chiefs installed at the centre immediately, the conduct of masses now completely out of control with strikes threatened in Police quarters, and rank and file Police indifferent to orders of Officers, will continue and result in worse violent and irresponsible acts by uncontrolled people.</blockquote>

They also blamed "Crazy Creasy" for all the unrests.<ref name=allan>{{cite web |url=http://www.info-ghana.com/history.htm |title=Ghana before Independence |accessdate=2011-07-29 |author=Allan D. Ohene |date=March 2002 |work=Ghana General Info-History |publisher=Lion's Den Ltd}}</ref> The Riots Act was read the next day, 1 March 1948 and the Big Six were arrested and detained. The Watson commission of enquiry chaired by Mr. Aiken Watson, was set up to look into the riots.<ref name=dedey/> He was replaced in an acting capacity by [[Robert Scott (governor)|Sir Robert Scott]] as governor of the Gold Coast on 15 February 1949.<ref name=rulers/>

==Malta==
Creasy succeeded [[Francis Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Barloch|Sir Francis Campbell Ross Douglas]] as Governor of Malta on 16 September 1949. He was succeeded by [[Robert Laycock|Sir Robert Edward Laycock]] on 3 August 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rulers.org/rulm1.html#malta |title=Rulers-Malta |accessdate=2011-07-29 |publisher=B. Schemmel}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[The Big Six (Ghana)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=30606 Creasy in Malta]
* [http://ghana-net.com/Memorial_of_Sergeant_Adjetey_Corporal_Attipoeand_Private_Odartey_Lamptey_in_La_Accra_Osu_Ghana.aspx Memorial of Adjetey, Attipoe and Lamptey]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alan Burns (governor)|Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns]]}}
{{s-title|title=[[List of Governors of the Gold Coast|Governor of the Gold Coast]] |years=1948 — 1949}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Scott (governor)|Sir Robert Scott]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francis Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Barloch|Sir Francis Campbell Ross Douglas]]}}
{{s-title|title=[[List of Governors of Malta|Governor of Malta]] |years=1949 — 1954}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Laycock|Sir Robert Edward Laycock]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Malta}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Creasy, George Hallen
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = 1897
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = former Governonr of the Gold Coast and Malta
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1897
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1983
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Creasy, George Hallen}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Governors and Governors-General of Malta]]
[[Category:Colonial Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Politics of Ghana]]

{{UK-gov-bio-stub}}

Gerald Creasy

2014-10-05T09:29:00Z

Enock4seth: Cleaned up using AutoEd

Sir '''Gerald Hallen Creasy''' (1897 — 1983) [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[British Empire|colonial administrator]]. He has served as [[Governor]] of the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] and [[Malta]]. The "Christiansborg cross-roads shooting incident" occurred while he was Governor in Ghana.

==Gold Coast==
Creasy was appointed governor on 12 January 1948. He succeeded [[Alan Burns (governor)|Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns]].<ref name=rulers>{{cite web |url=http://www.rulers.org/rulg1.html#ghana |title=Rulers-Ghana |accessdate=2011-07-29 |publisher=B. Schemmel}}</ref> He is however most remembered in Ghana for the "Christiansborg cross-roads shooting incident" on 28 February 1948, about six weeks into his job. 63 unarmed former [[World War II]] veterans were killed that day while demonstrating about end of service benefits.<ref name=statesman>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/editorial_detail.php?newsid=159&section=0 |title=Ghana is 50, UGCC is 60, too |accessdate=2011-07-29 |date=26 March 2007 |work=News:Editorials |publisher=The Statesman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guyanaundersiege.com/Leaders/Nkrumah2.htm |title=KWAME NKRUMAH: THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE |accessdate=2011-07-29 |publisher=GuyanaUnderSiege.com}}</ref> The protests had followed the Association of West African Merchants (AWAM) boycots in [[Accra]].<ref name=dedey>{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=120440 |title=The "Big Six", Myth or Reality? |accessdate=2011-07-29 |author=Kosi Dedey |date=8 March 2007 |work=Feature article |publisher=Ghana Home Page}}</ref> This played into the hands of the local political leadership, the [[United Gold Coast Convention]] (UGCC).

Led by [[the Big Six (Ghana)|the Big Six]], they sent a cable on the same day to the Secretary of State in London.<ref name=statesman/>
<blockquote>"...unless Colonial Government is changed and a new Government of the people and their Chiefs installed at the centre immediately, the conduct of masses now completely out of control with strikes threatened in Police quarters, and rank and file Police indifferent to orders of Officers, will continue and result in worse violent and irresponsible acts by uncontrolled people.</blockquote>

They also blamed "Crazy Creasy" for all the unrests.<ref name=allan>{{cite web |url=http://www.info-ghana.com/history.htm |title=Ghana before Independence |accessdate=2011-07-29 |author=Allan D. Ohene |date=March 2002 |work=Ghana General Info-History |publisher=Lion's Den Ltd}}</ref> The Riots Act was read the next day, 1 March 1948 and the Big Six were arrested and detained. The Watson commission of enquiry chaired by Mr. Aiken Watson, was set up to look into the riots.<ref name=dedey/> He was replaced in an acting capacity by [[Robert Scott (governor)|Sir Robert Scott]] as governor of the Gold Coast on 15 February 1949.<ref name=rulers/>

==Malta==
Creasy succeeded [[Francis Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Barloch|Sir Francis Campbell Ross Douglas]] as Governor of Malta on 16 September 1949. He was succeeded by [[Robert Laycock|Sir Robert Edward Laycock]] on 3 August 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rulers.org/rulm1.html#malta |title=Rulers-Malta |accessdate=2011-07-29 |publisher=B. Schemmel}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[The Big Six (Ghana)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=30606 Creasy in Malta]
* [http://ghana-net.com/Memorial_of_Sergeant_Adjetey_Corporal_Attipoeand_Private_Odartey_Lamptey_in_La_Accra_Osu_Ghana.aspx Memorial of Adjetey, Attipoe and Lamptey]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alan Burns (governor)|Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns]]}}
{{s-title|title=[[List of Governors of the Gold Coast|Governor of the Gold Coast]] |years=1948 — 1949}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Scott (governor)|Sir Robert Scott]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Francis Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Barloch|Sir Francis Campbell Ross Douglas]]}}
{{s-title|title=[[List of Governors of Malta|Governor of Malta]] |years=1949 — 1954}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert Laycock|Sir Robert Edward Laycock]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Malta}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Creasy, George Hallen
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = 1897
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = former Governonr of the Gold Coast and Malta
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1897
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1983
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Creasy, George Hallen}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Governors and Governors-General of Malta]]
[[Category:Colonial Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Politics of Ghana]]

{{UK-gov-bio-stub}}

Benutzer:Nhfflkh/Fernstraßen/4

2014-07-17T10:59:18Z

Enock4seth: /* top */ added image

[[File:Tema - Accra Motorway toolbooth.jpeg|thumbnail|Tollbooth and hawkers on Tema - Accra motorway]]

The '''Tema Motorway''' is a {{convert|19|km|mi|adj=on}} highway that links [[Tema]] to [[Accra]]—capital of [[Ghana]]. It was the only motorway in Ghana.<ref name=patr/>

==History==
The highway was opened to traffic in Nov 1965 to link the harbour city of Tema to Accra.<ref name=TMW>{{cite web|title=Accra - Tema MOTORWAY|url=http://ghana-net.com/Accra_Tema_MOTORWAY_Accra_Tema_AUTOBAHN.aspx|publisher=www.ghana-net.com|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref> It was built under the administration of [[Kwame Nkrumah]], the first president of Ghana. Its construction was fashioned after the [[German Autobahnen|Autobahn]] in Germany and was purposed to be the first in motorway systems that would link major towns and cities in Ghana.

==Street lights==
A major problem that existed on the motorway was that of poor illumination. The motorway had no street lights when it was completed in 1964. In June 2002, the Ghana News Agency reported that the Government of Ghana was to spend 1.95 million [[Ghana cedi|cedis]] to light up the motorway. The project was to commemorate the country's Golden Jubilee in 2007. The project had challenges that delayed its completion of the Accra–Tema Motorway. It was suspended due to cable thefts. The problem led to plain-clothed [[Ghana Police Service|policemen]] patrolling the motorway.Unfortunately, not all of the mounted street lights on the motorway are functional.<ref name=patr>{{cite web|title=Police now patrol Tema Motorway|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/162338/1/police-now-patrol-tema-motorway.html|publisher=www.modernghana.com|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>

==Motorway campaigns==
In 2009, Adom FM, an Accra based private radio station embarked on a campaign to educate users of the motorway on dangers that faced commuters on the multi-purpose highway.<ref name=adom/> The education included the rampant criminal activities on the motorway, the unsafe bridges, the potholes, stolen side-rails, malfunctioning street lights, lack of reflectors, broken-down vehicles, and [[road safety]].<ref name=adom>{{cite web|title=ADOM FM launches "Save the Accra-Tema Motorway" campaign|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/205398/1/adom-fm-launches-save-the-accra-tema-motorway-camp.html|publisher=www.modernghana.com|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref>

==Rehabilitation of the motorway==
In August, 2009, rehabilitation work began on the road and was to cost 500,000 cedis.<ref name=rehab>{{cite web|title=Accra-Tema motorway to be rehabilitated|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/233591/1/accra-tema-motorway-to-be-rehabilitated.html|publisher=www.modernghana.com|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> Part of the motorway was to be reconstructed using [[epoxy cement]]. The rehabilitation work took eight weeks and involved the removal and replacement of the concrete slabs which had developed potholes and the repair of the [[asphalt]] surface on shoulders of the road.<ref name=rehab/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ghana Roads and Interchanges}}

[[Category:Roads in Ghana]]

Rock City (Club)

2014-06-27T09:58:50Z

Enock4seth: Reverted 1 edit by Hammerfall2112 identified as test/vandalism using STiki

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Rock City
| nickname =
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = 8 Talbot Street
| location = Nottingham, England
| coordinates = {{coord|52.9561|-1.1544|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Music venue]] and [[Nightclub]]
| genre = [[Alternative music|Alternative]]
| built =
| opened = 1980
| renovated =
| expanded =
| closed =
| demolished =
| owner = DHP Family Ltd
| construction_cost =
| former_names =
| seating_type = Primarily standing, some seating
| seating_capacity = 2450
| website = {{URL|rock-city.co.uk}}
}}

'''Rock City''' is an independent nightclub in the city of [[Nottingham]], England, that focuses on live music, and is a staple location on the [[toilet circuit]]. It opened in December 1980, first hosting [[The Undertones]], and has gone on to see some of the biggest names in alternative music, as well as maintaining a number of weekly club nights. It has been described by ''[[NME]]'' as "sweaty, but truly indie",<ref name="Music Magpie">{{cite web|title=Rock City|url=http://www.musicmagpie.co.uk/venue_rock_city.asp|work=Music Magpie Venue/Events Guide|publisher=Music Magpie|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> and has received numerous awards, including ''[[Kerrang!]]'' magazine's Venue of the Year for ten consecutive years.<ref name=DHPRC />

==Overview==
Rock City is based in [[Nottingham City Centre]], with a capacity of 2450,<ref name=TPI>{{cite web|title=Nottingham Rock City|url=http://www.tpimagazine.com/production-profiles/installprofiles/336785/nottingham_rock_city.html|publisher=TPI Magazine|date=September 2009|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> and is known for its intimate atmosphere. The club features four bars spread across two rooms; the Main hall and the Basement, both of which are all-standing during gigs, with an additional room previously known as The Rig operating separately since September 2011 as the [[Black Cherry Lounge]].<ref name=RCBCL>{{cite web|title=Black Cherry Lounge|url=http://www.rock-city.co.uk/club-nights/black-cherry-lounge|publisher=Rock City|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> Rock City plays host to various sized gigs, from smaller upcoming bands of the underground and local scene, to bands that are getting chart success.

==History==

===Pre-Rock City and foundation===
Prior to Rock City, the building was called The Heart of the Midlands, which hosted variety acts including the inaugural [[World Professional Darts Championship]] in 1978.<ref name=DHPRC>{{cite web|title=Rock City|url=http://www.dhpgroup.co.uk/rockcity|publisher=DHP Group|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> The building was taken over by Sammy Jackson, who already ran a club called the Retford Porterhouse where he had booked bands such as [[AC/DC]] and [[The Clash]], with George Akins Snr., a local bookmaker, bankrolling.<ref name=Brief>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Jared|title=Brief History of Rock City|url=http://www.leftlion.co.uk/articles.cfm/title/brief-history-of-rock-city/id/3306|work=Rock City 30th Anniversary Magazine|publisher=Left Lion|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> The club was managed by Paul Mason, who would go on to manager Manchester's [[The Haçienda|Haçienda]] nightclub,<ref name="Music Magpie" /> and had [[Iron Maiden]] booked to be the band to open the venue, although unfinished electrics resulted in the gig being cancelled,<ref name="Brief" /> with the band not returning until 1996. As a result The Undertones became the first band to play at Rock City on 11 December 1980,<ref name=GigList8084>{{cite web|title=Definitive Gig Listing 1980–1984|url=http://www.leftlion.co.uk/articles.cfm/title/rock-city-listings-1980-1984/id/3314|work=Rock City 30th Anniversary Magazine|publisher=Left Lion|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> ending the gig with [[Teenage Kicks]], favourite song of DJ [[John Peel]].<ref name="Brief" />

===The 1980s and 1990s===
Rock City underwent a major refit in 1982, including a purpose-built sound system, lighting rig and two giant video screens.<ref name=DJJON>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Jared|title=DJ Jonathan on Rock City|url=http://www.leftlion.co.uk/articles.cfm/title/dj-jonathan-on-rock-city/id/3310|publisher=Left Lion|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> Although the club remained faithful to the spirit of rock, with riots at sold-out gigs by [[The Pogues]] and [[Ozzy Osbourne]],<ref name="Music Magpie" /> it was never restricted by genre, as by 1982 the club already has a well-established [[synthpop|Futurist]] night every Saturday, and were considering starting a student night on Thursdays, approaching DJ Jonathan Woodliffe, who played the first Thursday night to a crowd of about 400 people.<ref name=DJJON /> Following the success of Thursday nights, the club looked at introducing a dance night, initially playing a mixture of European [[electronica]] and American releases, although this was not as successful and was cancelled after a few months.<ref name=DJJON /> It was replaced by a [[jazz]], [[funk]] and [[soul music|soul]] night which was advertised by word of mouth and was well received. To add to the diversity in music, Rock City also hosted all-age [[hip-hop]] jams on Saturday afternoons, establishing [[breakdancer]]s the [[Rock City Crew]], and the club would also host the first performance of [[Bring the Noise]] in the UK by [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]].<ref name="Music Magpie" />

As alternative music changed, Rock City changed with it, as grunge and punk became more popular in the first part of the decade, bands such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] and [[Rage Against the Machine]] began to play sets, with the intimate environment allowing for stars such as [[Eddie Vedder]] and [[Kurt Cobain]] to sit at the bar with fans after their gigs.<ref name="Music Magpie" /> Equally as [[Britpop]] began to be established, Rock City found itself hosting bands like [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]] and [[Blur (band)|Blur]].<ref name=Brief /> The Nineties also saw the club change management, as George Akins Jnr. took over at his father's request in 1994, aged just 19 and having previously worked on the bar and cloakroom.<ref name=Akins>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Jared|title=The Man Behind the Music|url=http://www.leftlion.co.uk/articles.cfm/title/george-akins-interview/id/3308|work=Rock City 30th Anniversary Magazine|publisher=Left Lion|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref>

===The 2000s===
In keeping with music trends, the new millennium saw Rock City focus more on dance music, introducing Detonate, a club night and indoor festival for genres such as [[Drum and Bass]] in 2003,<ref name=Busby>{{cite web|last=Needham|first=Al|title=James Busby on Rock City|url=http://www.leftlion.co.uk/articles.cfm/title/james-busby-on-rock-city/id/3311|work=Rock City 30th Anniversary Magazine|publisher=Left Lion|accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref> and annexing the 1970s and 1980s-friendly Rig in 2011, although it maintained a commitment to mainstream alternative music through its clubnights. Despite the evolution, Rock City remained one of the biggest names on the live circuit for alternative bands, and celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2011.<ref name=Brief />

==Issue with crime==
In January 2013, Nottinghamshire police stated that between September 2011 and August 2012, 10% of all mobile phones stolen in the Nottinghamshire area were stolen at Rock City. Bart Easter, the club's general manager, claimed that organised crime gangs who followed bands on tour were partly to blame.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nottingham's Rock City 'targeted' by criminal gangs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-21026205|publisher=BBC News|date=15 January 2012|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref>

==Club Nights==
The venue currently hosts four club nights:<ref>{{cite web|title=Rock City – Club Nights|url=http://www.rock-city.co.uk/club-nights|accessdate=16 December 2011}}</ref>

*Wednesday: '''CRISIS''' – Exclusive club night for [[University of Nottingham]] students.
*Thursday: '''2UNED''' – Student night for students of [[Nottingham Trent University]] and other universities.
*Friday: '''Summer Sessions''' – Pop music from the 1990s, 2000s and current hits.
*1st Friday of the month: '''Rock City in the 90s''' – Flashback to the best rock/grunge hits of the 90s in the Black Cherry Lounge.
*2nd Friday of the month: '''Mugshot''' – Monthly metal night in the Black Cherry Lounge.
*Saturday: '''Hey Hey Hey''' – Alternative anthems.

==Band recordings==
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
The following is a list of recordings made at Rock City:

*[[Jimi Jamison]] – ''Live at Firefest'' (2011)
*[[Enter Shikari]] – Live at Rock City Bootleg (2009)
*[[Shaped by Fate]] – ''[[Shaped By Fate tour DVD]]'' (2008)
*[[Bonfire (band)|Bonfire]] – ''[[Double Vision (Bonfire album)|Double Vision]] (2006)
*[[The Libertines]] – ''[[Libertines live at Rock City with Radio 1]]'' (2004)
*[[Pitchshifter]] – ''[[P.S.I.entology]]'' (2004)
*[[The Wildhearts]] – ''The Wildhearts Strike Back'' (2004)
*[[The Wildhearts]] – ''[[Rock City vs The Wildhearts]]'' (2014)
*[[Morbid Angel]] – ''[[Altars of Madness]]'' (2003)
*[[Cradle of Filth]] – ''[[Live Bait for the Dead]]'' (2001)
*Cradle of Filth – ''[[Heavy, Left-Handed and Candid]]'' (2001)
*[[At the Gates]]'' – [[Live in Nottingham at Rock City]]'' (1996)
*[[Radiohead]] – ''[[The Bends Pinkpop]]'' (1995)<ref>{{cite web|title=Discogs|url=http://www.discogs.com/Radiohead-The-Bends-Special-Pinkpop-Edition/release/938415|accessdate=16 December 2011}}</ref>
*[[The Fall (band)|The Fall]] – ''[[BBC Radio 1 Live in Concert (The Fall album)|BBC Radio 1 Live in Concert]]'' (1989)
*[[Napalm Death]] – ''[[The DVD]]'' (1989)
*[[Into A Circle]] – ''[[Live (Nottingham Rock City, February 1987)|Live]]'' (1987)
*[[Play Dead (band)|Play Dead]] – ''[[Caught from Behind: Live in England, France, Germany, and Switzerland]]'' (1985)
*[[Tygers of Pan Tang]] – ''[[Live at Nottingham Rock City]]'' (1981)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.rock-city.co.uk}}
*[http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=15923779162 Official Facebook]
*[http://twitter.com/Rock_City_Notts Official Twitter]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rock City (Club)}}
[[Category:Culture in Nottingham]]
[[Category:Music venues in Nottinghamshire]]
[[Category:Music in Nottinghamshire]]

Ushahidi

2014-06-16T10:56:42Z

Enock4seth: Cleaned up using AutoEd

{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}
{{Infobox non-profit
| name = Ushahidi, Inc.
| image =
| type = [[501(c)(3)]]
| tax_id = 2652079
| founded_date = 2008
| founder = [[Erik Hersman]], [[Ory Okolloh]], [[Juliana Rotich]], [[David Kobia]]
| location = [[Nairobi]], Kenya
| coordinates =
| origins = [[Crowdsourcing]]
| key_people = [[Erik Hersman]], Juliana Rotich, David Kobia,
| area_served = World
| focus = activism, [[Cartography|mapping]]
| method = [[Cartography|mapping]] and [[geospatial]]
| revenue = $300,000
| endowment = $1,800,000<ref name="tr50">{{cite web |url= http://www.technologyreview.com/companywatch/company/ushahidi/ |title= Top50 Private Web Companies}}</ref>
| num_volunteers = 50
| num_employees = 29
| owner = Ushahidi, Inc.
| non-profit_slogan = Crowdsourcing Crisis Information
| former name =
| homepage = {{URL|ushahidi.com}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ushahidi, Inc.''' is a non-profit software company that develops free and [[open-source software]] ([[LGPL]]) for information collection, visualisation, and interactive mapping.
Ushahidi ([[Swahili language|Swahili]] for "testimony" or "witness") created a website (http://legacy.ushahidi.com) in the aftermath of Kenya's disputed 2007 presidential election (see [[2007–2008 Kenyan crisis]]) that collected eyewitness reports of violence reported by email and text message and placed them on a [[Google Maps]] map.<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |url= http://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1208/114.html |title= Citizen Voices |author= Megha Baree |date= 20 November 2008 |work= Forbes Magazine|accessdate=15 January 2010}}</ref>

The organisation uses the concept of [[crowdsourcing]] for social activism and public accountability, serving as an initial model for what has been coined as "activist mapping"—the combination of social activism, [[citizen journalism]] and [[geospatial]] information. Ushahidi offers products that enable local observers to submit reports using their mobile phones or the internet, while simultaneously creating a temporal and geospatial archive of events.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hh_PiVqf8BA</ref>

==Products==
===Ushahidi===
The Ushahidi platform is built on the [[Kohana (web framework)|Kohana]] web framework, a fork of the [[CodeIgniter#CodeIgniter|CodeIgniter]] framework. It includes support for Nexmo wholesale SMS API and Clickatell SMS Gateway. Furthermore, the official Ushahidi-hosted websites use the commercial service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clickatell.com/press/press_article.php/154|title=SMS Helps Provide Instant SOS During Times of Crisis – Clickatell and Ushahidi Urge Support to Haiti }}</ref> Ushahidi provides the option of using [[OpenStreetMap]] maps in its user interface, but requires the [[Google Maps]] API for [[geocoding]]. Ushahidi is often set up using a local SMS gateway created by a local [[FrontlineSMS]] set-up.

==== Releases and codenames ====
* '''1.0 Mogadishu''' – 10 December 2009
* '''1.2 Haiti''' – ~22 January 2010
* '''2.0 Luanda''' – 22 November 2010
* '''2.1 Tunis''' – 9 August 2011
* '''2.2 Juba''' – 13 March 2012
* '''2.3 Juba''' – 24 April 2012

===SwiftRiver===
SwiftRiver is a suite of intelligence and real-time data gathering products that complement Ushahidi's mapping and visualization products. Often referred to as ''the SwiftRiver Initiative'' the goal of the project is "to democratize access to the tools for making sense of information". The project attracted a lot of interest from newsrooms.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kirwan|first=Peter|title=SwiftRiver: Tagging a Crisis|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/10/start/tagging-a-crisis|accessdate=15 October 2013|newspaper=Wired.co.uk}}</ref> In a recent blog post, Ushahidi seemed to indicate that the project was no longer in active development. "We feel as though we have a great product, that is finally shipped, but lack the resources to keep it going in-house," wrote Hersman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping It, a 2013 Ushahidi Update|url=http://blog.ushahidi.com/2013/10/01/shipping-it-a-2013-ushahidi-update/}}</ref>

SwiftRiver is a free and [[Open source|open-source]] platform that helps people make sense of a lot of information in a short amount of time. It was born out of the need to understand and act upon a wave of massive amounts of crisis data that tends to overwhelm in the first 24 hours of a disaster. There has been a great deal of interest in Swift for other industries such as newsrooms, political analysts and marketers as an open-source alternative to more expensive, proprietary intelligence software platforms. The SwiftRiver platform offers applications which combine natural language/artificial intelligence process, [[Data mining|data-mining]] for SMS and Twitter, and verification algorithms for different sources of information.

SwiftRiver has three primary functions:
* Structuring unstructured data
* Conditional filtering and prioritization of real-time content
* Adding context such as location

===Crowdmap===
Crowdmap is designed and built by the team behind Ushahidi, a platform that was originally built to crowdsource crisis information. As the platform evolved, so did its users.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://lifehacker.com/5612368/crowdmap-puts-any-data-on-an-interactive-map|title = Crowdmap Puts Any Data on an Interactive Map|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> Crowdmap now allows users to set up their own deployments of Ushahidi without having to install it on a web server. Since its release in 2010, prominent deployments of Crowdmap have documented the global [[Occupy movement]] and the [[2011 London anti-cuts protest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/288952/the-tech-tools-of-political-revolution/8#fbid=Q78O4eF6bPV |title=The Tech Tools of Political Revolution}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://map.15october.net/|title=15 October 2011}}</ref>

On 31 December 2010, the Ushahidi team announced Crowdmap: Checkins, a geosocial add-on to Crowdmap that allows users to create a [[White-label product|white-label]] alternative to sites like [[Foursquare]] and [[Gowalla]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ushahidi.com/index.php/2010/12/31/announcing-checkins-for-ushahidi-and-crowdmap/|title=Announcing Checkins for Ushahidi and Crowdmap}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Checkins with a Purpose|url=http://readwrite.com/2011/01/03/check-ins_with_a_purpose_with_crisis-mapping_ushah#awesm=~okeEErmHcnhLYe|publisher=ReadWrite}}</ref> Rather than filling out submission forms online, checkins allow Crowdmap users to expedite data entry to their deployment, focussing first on location and adding more detailed information later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geospatialworld.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21289%3Aushahidi-launches-crowdmap-checkins&catid=42%3Aproduct-gis&Itemid=1|title=Ushahidid launches Crowdmap Checkins}}</ref> Ushahidi describes the effort as "checkins with a purpose".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-29/tech/ushahidi.checkin.map_1_check-ins-gowalla-map?_s=PM:TECH|title=Ushahidid tests 'checkin' Funciton | work=CNN | date=23 August 2010}}</ref>

==History==
===Beginnings in Kenya===
Ushahidi ([[Swahili language|Swahili]] for "testimony" or "witness") is a website created in the aftermath of Kenya's disputed 2007 presidential election (see [[2007–2008 Kenyan crisis]]) that collected eyewitness reports of violence sent in by email and text-message and placed them on a [[Google map]].<ref name="forbes"/> It is also the name of the [[open source]] software developed for that site, which has since been improved, released freely, and used for a number of similar projects around the globe.

The Kenyan site was developed and run by several bloggers and software developers, all current or former residents of Kenya. They include [[Erik Hersman]], [[Juliana Rotich]], [[Ory Okolloh]], and [[David Kobia]].<ref name="venture">{{cite web |url= http://venturebeat.com/2008/01/15/kenyan-tech-bloggers-launch-crisis-report-site/|title= Kenyan tech bloggers launch crisis-report site |author= David Adewumi |date= 15 January 2008 |work= VentureBeat |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> The site was initially proposed by Okolloh, developed cheaply, and put online within a few days.<ref name="venture" /><ref>{{cite web |url= http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.radionetherlands.nl/thestatewerein/otherstates/twsi-081206-Kenya-violence-redirected |title= Mapping violence in Kenya |author= Chris Chambers |date= 12 May 2008 |work= Radio Netherlands Worldwide|accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> International media, government sources, NGOs, and Kenyan journalists and bloggers were used to verify eyewitness testimony.<ref name="venture" /><ref name="csm" >{{cite web |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2008/0131/p99s01-duts.html?s=rel |title= Cellphone and Internet access helps – and hinders – accurate reporting in Kenya |author= Peter Smith |date= 31 January 2008 |work= Christian Science Monitor |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="mshale" >{{cite web |url= http://mshale.com/article.cfm?articleID=18192 |title= Kenyan Techie Honored for Role in Tracking Post-election Violence |author= Dorcas Komo |date= 3 July 2008 |work= Mshale |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> The site was later also used to facilitate donations from abroad.<ref name="mshale" />

An analysis by [[Harvard University|Harvard's]] [[Kennedy School of Government]] found that Ushahidi was better overall at reporting acts of violence as they began. The data collected by Ushahidi was superior to that reported by the mainstream media in [[Kenya]] at the time. The service was also better at reporting non-fatal violence as well as information coming in from rural areas.<ref>[[Clay Shirky|Shirky, Clay]]. 2010. ''[[Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age]]''. New York: Penguin Press. 16.</ref>

On 23 December 2010, Ushahidi Co-founder and Executive Director [[Ory Okolloh]] announced that she was stepping down from her role to become Manager of Policy for Africa at [[Google]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2010/12/google-hires-kenyan-activist-ory-okolloh-as-policy-manager-for-africa.html|title=Google hires Kenyan activist Ory Okolloh as policy manager for Africa | work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kenyanpundit.com/2010/12/23/stepping-down-as-ushahidi-executive-director/|title=Stepping Down as Ushahidi Executive Director}}</ref>

===Post-Kenya crisis uses===
Soon after its initial use in Kenya, the Ushahidi software was used to create a similar site to track [[Xenophobia in South Africa#May 2008 pogroms|anti-immigrant violence in South Africa]], in May 2008.<ref name="mshale" /><ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/23/world/africa/23iht-23saf.13165981.html | work=The New York Times | title=Anti-immigrant violence spreads in South Africa, with attacks reported in Cape Town | date=23 May 2008}}</ref> The software has since been used to map violence in eastern Congo, beginning in November 2008.<ref name="forbes" /><ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7773648.stm |title= Web tool maps Congo conflict |author= Alka Marwaha |date= 10 December 2008 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> Ushahidi is used in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia in June 2009 to track pharmacy [[stockout]]s in several Southeast African countries.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/169416/mobiles_help_put_a_stop_to_drug_stockouts.html%3C |title= Mobiles Help Put a Stop to Drug Stock-outs |author= Ken Banks |date= 31 July 2009 |work= Pc World |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> Finally, it was used to monitor elections in Mexico and India, among other projects.<ref name="infoworld">{{cite web |url= http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/technology-elevates-africas-global-status-494|title= Technology elevates Africa's global status |author= Rebecca Wanjiku |date= 12 August 2009 |work= Computerworld |publisher= Infoworld |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> It was also used by [[Al Jazeera]] to collect eyewitness reports during the 2008–09 [[Gaza War]].<ref name="infoworld" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://labs.aljazeera.net/warongaza |title=War on Gaza – Experimental Beta |publisher=Labs.aljazeera.net |accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ekine|first=Sokari|title=Ushahidi Platform Used to Document Congo, Gaza Crises|url=http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2009/01/ushahidi-platform-used-to-document-congo-gaza-crises009.html|work=MediaShift|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|accessdate=19 March 2011|date=9 January 2009}}</ref>

The post election violence in Kenya was the subject of a Harvard Humanitarian Institute study and mentioned in a Berkman Center report.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irevolution.wordpress.com/2008/10/23/mapping-kenyas-election-violence/|title=Crisis Mapping Kenya's Election Violence}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2008/Digitally_Networked_Technology_Kenyas_Post-Election_Crisis|title=Digitally Networked Technology in Kenya's 2007–2008 Post-Election Crisis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/browseit/4309141E.PDF |title=Conflict and Fragility : Preventing Violence, War and State Collapse |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref>

===2010===
==== Haiti ====
In 2010, due to the [[2010 Haiti earthquake|earthquake in Haiti]], Patrick Meier launched a joint effort between Ushahidi, The Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy at Tufts University, [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|UN OCHA]]/Colombia and the International Network of Crisis Mappers (CM*Net) to start the Haiti implementation. A few hours later many humanitarian/tech workers joined this initiative.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/12/gleaning-information-from-haiti-online/ |title=Tuesday and Wednesday's Updates on Haiti's Earthquake |first1=Robert |last1=Mackey |first2=Nick |last2=Corasaniti |date=12 January 2010 |work=New York Times |accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011502650.html |title= Crisis mapping brings online tool to Haitian disaster relief effort |author= Monica Hesse |date= 16 January 2010 |work= Washington Post|accessdate=16 January 2010}}</ref> Nearly 40,000 independent reports were sent to the Ushahidi Haiti Project of which nearly 4,000 distinct events were plotted.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.alnap.org/pool/files/uhp-eval-executive-summary-prelim-findings-1-12-11-draftb[2].pdf|title= Independent Evaluation of the Ushahidi Haiti Project}}</ref>

==== Chile ====
Only a month after the Haiti earthquake, the [[2010 Chile earthquake|2010 earthquake]] in Chile prompted Patrick Meier to launch Ushahidi-Chile within hours of the initial quake.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8543671.stm ''Net puts Kenya at centre of Chile rescue efforts''], Jonathan Fildes, [[BBC News]], 1 March 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chile.ushahidi.com/ |title=Ushahidi Chile |publisher=Chile.ushahidi.com |accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> The Chile site is co-managed with the [[School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University]] in the United States, supported by [[Chilean American]]s.

====Washington, D.C.====
In the wake of [[First North American blizzard of 2010|winter storms]], the ''[[Washington Post]]'' and the web development company PICnet used the software to create a site mapping blocked roads and other information.<ref name="Giridharadas">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/weekinreview/14giridharadas.html?scp=1&sq=ushahidi&st=cse|title=Africa's Gift to Silicon Valley: How to Track a Crisis|last=Giridharadas|first=Anand|date=12 March 2010|work=New York Times|accessdate=16 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://snowmageddoncleanup.com/page/index/2|title=Who's Behind This?|work=Snowmageddon: The Clean Up|accessdate=16 March 2010}}</ref>

====Italy====
Starts the localization of the platform, due to Elena Rapisardi, first step to its knowledge and diffusion in Italy, and then in Europe.
Same Rapisardi, together with Giovanni Lotto, launch first Italian crowdmap [https://openforesteitaliane.crowdmap.com/ Open Foreste Italiane] in order to list and map information to prevent and manage forest fires; the meaning of this project has been reported on the Ushahidi blog.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ushahidi.com/2010/05/05/ushahidi-used-in-italy-to-prevent-forest-fires |title= Ushahidi Used in Italy to Prevent Forest Fires |author= Monica Palmeri |date= 5 may 2010 |work= Ushahidi Blog}}</ref>
Though [https://openforesteitaliane.crowdmap.com/ OpenForeste] did not completely achieve his goals, it showed importance for two reasons: (1) unlike previous instances, the platform was utilized in absence of acting crisis or emergency, but to collect, map, share and spread information in order to manage future and potential emergencies, thus joining the awareness of the possibilities of [[Web 2.0]] and different approach to natural risk prevention;<ref>[http://www.web2expo.com/webexny2009/public/schedule/speaker/61873 See speech at Web 2.0 Expo on 2009]</ref> (2) it brought to Italy the knowledge and potential of Ushahidi, [[crowdmapping]] and social use of [[crowdsourcing]], then used in following years in several instances, both private and public, especially from local Civil Protection structures and based on the new approach to Ushahidi platform (see here a non-complete crowdmap of [https://italycrowdsourcing.crowdmap.com Italian Crowdsourcing Projects]).

====Russia====
Ushahidi was used in Russia to set up a "map of help" for voluntary workers needed after the [[2010 Russian wildfires]].

===2011===
;Christchurch
Using Ushahidi, the [[Christchurch Recovery Map]] website was launched less than 24 hours after the [[February 2011 Christchurch earthquake]] in Christchurch, New Zealand. The site maps locations of services such as food, water, toilets, fuel, [[Automated teller machine|ATM]]<nowiki/>s, and medical care. Information was gathered via Twitter using the #eqnz hashtag, SMS messages, and email. The site was founded by a group of web professionals, and maintained by volunteers.

;Middle East
This software allowed pro-democracy demonstrators across the Middle East to organise and communicate what was happening around them in early 2011.<ref>[http://blog.ushahidi.com/?s=egypt&submit_button=Search]</ref> On 2 March, the UN [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) requested that the Standby Volunteer Task Force be activated for Libya.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/?p=345|title = The Volunteers Behind the Libya Crisis Map: A True Story|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> The Task Force's Tech Team set up a password protected Ushahidi platform almost immediately and several days later launched a public version at OCHA's request. This allowed users to contribute relevant information about ground conditions as they occurred.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://blog.ushahidi.com/2011/03/06/using-new-ushahidi-map-libya/|title = Using the New Ushahidi Platform to Crisis Map Libya|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>

;India
India Citizen Reports has been using Ushahidi since 2011 to collect and disseminate reports in various categories like civic problems, crimes and corruption. TelecomMap.com uses Ushahidi to map [[3G]] network quality and Wi-Fi hotspots.

;Australia
[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] used Ushahidi to map the [[Queensland]] floods in January.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2011/01/13/3112261.htm ABC's crowdsourced flood-mapping initiative] abc.net</ref>

;United States
The MightyMoRiver Project used Ushahidi's hosted service Crowdmap to track the [[2011 Missouri River floods|Missouri River floods of 2011]].

;Macedonia
Transparency Watch Project is using the Ushahidi platform to track corruption reported cases in the Republic of Macedonia. PrijaviKorupcija is a joint project by Transparency International and the Center for International Relations allowing citizens to report cases of corruption via [[One (Telekom Slovenija Group)|ONE]] by sending SMS from their mobile phones, sending an email, using the web form, the hashtag #korupcijaMK on Twitter or by reporting via phone call.

===2012===
;Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia)

[[Al Jazeera Balkans]] deployed Ushahidi crisis mapping platform on 5 February 2012 to track the snow/cold emergency in the [[Balkans]].<ref>[http://ec2-46-51-135-144.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com/AJB/Feb2012/] Snjezna oluja nad Balkanom</ref>

===2014===
'''Kenya'''

Ushahidi announced Ping in response to the attacks on Westgate Mall in Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://opensource.com/life/13/9/ushahidi-kenya-mall-siege|title = Software company Ushahidi uses open source skills to help during Kenya mall siege|date = 24 Sep 2013|accessdate = |website = opensource.com|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> The software was used to map out all the blood drive center locations in Nairobi and let users quickly identify places to donate, see which blood types were in demand, and identify whether equipment or volunteers were needed at any locations. Among the goals of this map was to help ensure that when the Kenyan population came out to donate blood, they would know which donation centers needed their blood type the most.

==Awards==
Ushahidi has received several awards in recognition to its effectiveness and creativity, latest being The MacArthur Award.<ref>[http://blog.ushahidi.com/category/awards/] Official blog from Ushahidi</ref> The awards received by Ushahidi so far include the following:
* The MacArthur Award – 2013<ref>[http://blog.ushahidi.com/2013/02/28/nairobi-announcing-the-macarthur-award-to-ushahidi/] The MacArthur Award</ref>
* Global Adaptation Index Prize – 2012<ref>[http://blog.ushahidi.com/2012/05/21/ushahidi-wins-global-adaptation-index-prize/] Global Adaptation Index Prize, May 2012</ref>
* Funding of $1.4 million from the [[Omidyar|Omidyar Network]] <ref>[http://blog.ushahidi.com/2011/12/09/nairobi-announcing-funding-from-omidyar-network/] Funding from [[Omidyar]] 1.4m</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Crisis mapping]]
* [[Uchaguzi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.Ushahidi.com/ Ushahidi]
* [[TechSoup#NetSquared|NetSquared]]: [http://www.netsquared.org/search/node/ushahidi "Remixing the Web for Social Change"]
* [[TED (conference)]]: [http://www.ted.com/search?q=ushahidi&x=9&y=10 TED]
* [http://www.j-lab.org/cool_stuff/ushahidi_crowdsourcing_crisis_information Institute for Interactive Journalism]
* [http://www.unitedforafrica.co.za/ United for Africa]
* [http://blog.nexmo.com/post/7970974072/ushahidi-sms-nexmo/ Ushahidi Nexmo plugin How To]

[[Category:Internet-related activism]]
[[Category:Internet-based activism]]
[[Category:Electoral fraud]]
[[Category:International political websites]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Kenya]]
[[Category:Kenyan media]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2008]]
[[Category:Swahili words and phrases]]
[[Category:Google Maps]]
[[Category:Crowdsourcing]]
[[Category:Web mapping]]
[[Category:OpenStreetMap]]
[[Category:Media in Nairobi]]

Angriff auf den Jinnah International Airport 2014

2014-06-15T14:25:50Z

Enock4seth: Cleaned up using AutoEd

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{coord|24|54|24|N|67|09|39|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
|title=2014 Jinnah International Airport attack
|image={{Location map|Karachi|width=250|float=center
|caption=|mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg|marksize=10
|label='''KHI'''|position=bottom
|lat_deg=24|lat_min=54|lat_sec=24|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=67|lon_min=09|lon_sec=39|lon_dir=E
}}
|caption=Location of [[Jinnah International Airport]] (KHI) in [[Karachi]]
|target=[[Jinnah International Airport]]
|date=8 June 2014
|time-end=
|timezone=[[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]]
|type=[[Terrorism|Terrorist attack]]
|fatalities=36 (including 10 attackers)<ref>{{cite news | url = http://bigstory.ap.org/article/pakistani-army-airstrikes-kill-15-militants |title = Pakistan: karachi airport training center attacked| date= 10 June 2014 | accessdate = 10 June 2014|work = Associated Press}}</ref>
|injuries=18
|perps=[[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]]
}}
{{Terrorist attacks in Pakistan}}
On 8 June 2014, 10 militants armed with automatic weapons, a rocket launcher, suicide vests, and grenades attacked [[Jinnah International Airport]] in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]. 36 people were killed, including all 10 attackers, and at least 18 persons were wounded.<ref name=aje />

The militant organisation [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) initially claimed responsibility for the attack. The attackers were foreigners of [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] origin who belonged to the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]] (IMU), an [[Al Qaeda]]-linked militant organisation that works closely with TTP.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/asia/pakistan-karachi-airport-attacks/ Drone strike in Pakistan days after airport attack, sources say - CNN.com]</ref><ref name="Reuters"/> The TTP later confirmed the attack as a joint operation between TTP and IMU, while the IMU also independently accepted responsibility for having supplied fighters who participated in the attack.<ref name="Uzbeks"/><ref name="Uzbeks2"/>

Following the attack, the Pakistani military launched a series of aerial strikes on militant hideouts in the tribal areas along the Afghan border. At least 25 militants were killed on 10 June, including foreign fighters.<ref name="25 militants"/> Two [[Drone attacks in Pakistan|drone attacks]] on 12 June also killed Uzbek, Afghan and some local militants.<ref name="drone"/> On 15 June, the Pakistani military intensified air strikes in [[North Waziristan]], and bombed eight foreign militant hideouts. Up to 150 insurgents were reported killed, a majority of whom were Uzbeks, including those linked to the airport attack.<ref name="150 militants"/> Some [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] separatist militants from western China were also killed. According to military sources, a key Uzbek commander and mastermind of the attack, Abu Abdur Rehman Almani, was killed in the operation.<ref name="Almani"/>

==Background==
Jinnah International Airport is Pakistan's largest and busiest airport, and serves as the hub for [[Pakistan International Airlines]], the national flag carrier of Pakistan. Many domestic and international flights transit through the airport daily. This attack was the first large-scale incident in the airport in years, with the last major incident being the hijacking of the [[Pan Am Flight 73]] in 1986.<ref name="tribune"/><ref name="tribune3">{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/719575/terror-woes-a-dark-night-for-the-aviation-sector/|title=Terror woes: A dark night for the aviation sector|work=Express Tribune|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> Earlier in 2011, a [[PNS Mehran attack|similar attack had taken place]] on the [[PNS Mehran|Mehran naval airbase]] in Karachi, and in 2012, the [[Bacha Khan International Airport]] in Peshawar, northwest Pakistan, [[2012 Peshawar airport attack|was attacked by militants]].<ref name="guardian"/>

==Attack==
[[File:Karachi Jinnah Airport.jpg|thumb|Front view of Jinnah International Airport in Karachi. The militants launched the attack at the cargo terminal of the airport.]]
The attack began at 11:20 PM on 8 June and lasted until the morning around 4:00 AM of 9 June.<ref name="bp" /> Ten attackers broke through a security checkpoint in a van and attacked the cargo terminal of the airport with <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/karachi-airport-attacked-indian-weapons-recovered-from-the-terrorists |title=Karachi Airport attacked; Indian weapons recovered from the terrorists |publisher=Nation.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> automatic weapons, hand grenades, [[rocket-propelled grenade]]s, and other explosives. The attackers were dressed as security guards, with some also wearing suicide vests. They were wearing uniforms of the [[Airports Security Force]] (ASF), and had used fake IDs to enter the airport.<ref name=aje /> A senior Pakistani intelligence official said some of the militants tried to hijack a plane, but were unsuccessful.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/08/karachi-airport-attacked-militants-pakistan Heavy fighting at Karachi airport as militants and security forces clash | World news | theguardian.com]</ref>

About 90 minutes after the attack began, hundreds of [[Special Services Group]] commandos arrived on the scene and began battling the militants.<ref name=wapo /> The attackers were reported to have initially seized control of the airport tarmac and runways. Within hours, eight of the ten militants were shot dead by the Army commandos and the remaining two blew themselves up when they were cornered.<ref name=wapo>{{cite news|last1=Craig|first1=Tim|title=9 killed in attack on key Pakistani airport|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/pakistan-airport-attack-kills-5/2014/06/08/9fbbbe2a-ef46-11e3-914c-1fbd0614e2d4_story.html?hpid=z1|accessdate=8 June 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=2014-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=ur-Rehman|first1=Zia|last2=Masood|first2=Salman|title=Gunmen Attack Karachi Airport, Killing at Least 6|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/09/world/asia/deadly-attack-karachi-international-airport.html|accessdate=8 June 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2014-06-08}}</ref> The siege officially ended after five hours; 36 people, including the ten terrorists, 11 ASF personnel, two [[Pakistan Rangers]] officials, a [[Sindh Police]] officer, and four [[Pakistan International Airlines]] employees (including two senior aircraft engineers)<ref name="tribune3"/> were killed in the incident.<ref name="tribune">[http://tribune.com.pk/story/719242/four-security-personnel-injured-in-attack-on-karachi-airport/ Live: Search operation underway after firing near Karachi airport – The Express Tribune]</ref> At least 18 security personnel were also injured in the attack and admitted to [[Abbasi Shaheed Hospital]].<ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Attack on Karachi Airport in Pakistan airport leaves over 23 dead|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/attack-on-karachi-airport-in-pakistan-airport-leaves-over-23-dead/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> Seven bodies that were burnt beyond recognition were also recovered from the airport's cold storage facility after a 28 hour rescue operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111784/seven-bodies-recovered-from-karachi-airports-cold-storage-facility |title=Seven bodies recovered from Karachi airport’s cold-storage facility - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>

Five aircraft, including three [[Pakistan International Airlines]] planes (a Boeing-747, A-310 and Boeing-777) and two [[Shaheen Air]] planes were reported damaged. The PIA did not initially elaborate on damage incurred by its aircraft, although sources reported that the planes had either been hit by bullets or shrapnel pieces.<ref name="initial damage">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111870 Attack causes heavy losses to airlines, traders - Newspaper - DAWN.COM]</ref> Two cargo warehouses stored with imported goods to be exported were reduced to ashes, causing heavy financial losses for traders and importers.<ref name="initial damage"/> A hand grenade had also been used in the attack in [[Ispahani Hangar]].<ref name="dawn">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111397 TTP claims attack on Karachi airport - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> After the attack, the airport was cleared and handed over to the [[Civil Aviation Authority (Pakistan)|Civil Aviation Authority]] and ASF.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111581 Karachi airport handed over to CAA, open for operations - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> [[Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] president Abdullah Zaki expressed reservations over the security situation and its economic impact: "The situation continues to worsen and the overall insecurity of this city can exactly be gauged from the recent airport assault. Under the prevailing circumstances, even domestic travellers are afraid of visiting Karachi due to the airport attack whereas the rising lawlessness across the city along with live coverage of such incidents by TV channels is likely to keep foreigners, particularly the businessmen and investors, away from Pakistan."<ref name="initial damage"/>

===ASF academy attack===
On 10 June, just two days after the airport attack, two to four unidentified militants opened fire near an Airports Security Force academy in [[Pehlwan Goth]], Karachi, following which they retreated from Pehlwan Goth. Pehlwan Goth is a rundown area that is considered a hub of criminal elements, with police and rangers having previously conducted several raids in the area following increased incidents of [[Target killings in Pakistan|target killings in Karachi]] in 2011.<ref name="Goth">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111801/ Sharjeel lambasts Nawaz govt over Karachi attack handling - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> Security forces soon launched a search operation in the area, during which two people were detained.<ref name="FIR"/> No casualties and injuries were reported in the attack, and no breach of fence occurred. Flight operations were temporarily suspended at Jinnah International Airport for an hour due to the news, with flights being diverted to other cities, before resuming again. The Director-General of Sindh Rangers described the attack as a hit-and-run incident aimed to create panic. The TTP accepted responsibility for the incident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150330-Terrorists-open-fire-near-ASF-Academy |title=Terrorists open fire near ASF Academy |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111791 |title=TTP claims attack on Karachi ASF camp - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>

==Responsibility==
The [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) claimed responsibility for the attack, describing it as retaliation for the death of its former chief [[Hakimullah Mehsud]], who was killed in [[North Waziristan]] in a [[Drone strikes in Pakistan|drone attack]] in November 2013.<ref name=ibtimes>{{cite news|last1=Lynch|first1=Dennis|title=Militants Attack Karachi Airport In Pakistan: Live Stream And Updates|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/militants-attack-karachi-airport-pakistan-live-stream-updates-video-1595961|accessdate=8 June 2014|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=2014-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Gunfire resumes' at Karachi airport after deadly raid|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27758029|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=9 June 2014|date=2014-06-09}}</ref> The TTP also confirmed that the perpetrators were foreigners of [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] ethnicity, belonging to the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]] (IMU), an [[Al Qaeda]]-affiliated organisation that works closely with TTP and is banned by several governments including Pakistan.<ref name="Uzbeks"/><ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/621400/pakistan-bans-three-extremist-outfits-on-orders-from-china/ Pakistan bans three extremist outfits, on orders from China – The Express Tribune]</ref> TTP spokesman Shahidullah Shahid described the attack as a joint operation of TTP and IMU.<ref name="Uzbeks"/> In an online statement, the IMU accepted its role in the attack, claiming it as a revenge for Pakistani military operations against Uzbeks and other foreign militants,<ref name="Reuters">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/11/us-pakistan-militants-idUSKBN0EM14L20140611 Feared Uzbek Jihadists behind deadly Pakistan airport attack | Reuters]</ref> and provided photographs of the ten Uzbek fighters who participated in the airport attack. In the photographs, the militants were seen wearing green tunics and white trainers while carrying assault rifles in what appeared to be a mountainous region.<ref name="Uzbeks"/> The men looked young and in their early 20s.<ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/national/11-Jun-2014/islamic-movement-of-uzbekistan-takes-responsibility-for-karachi-airport-terror-attack Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan takes responsibility for Karachi airport terror attack]</ref> According to Pakistani defence analyst Imtiaz Gul, foreigners including IMU fighters had fled [[Afghanistan]] following the [[War in Afghanistan (2001-present)|U.S.-led invasion]] in 2001, and had [[Uzbeks in Pakistan|established a presence]] in the tribal areas along the Afghan border. They enjoy protection and shelter of the TTP and also provide footsoldiers for TTP's operations.<ref name="Uzbeks"/> Uzbek militants have previously been involved in large-scale attacks in Pakistan, including the [[2012 Peshawar airport attack|attack on Bacha Khan International Airport]] in Peshawar in 2012, the [[PNS Mehran attack|attack on PNS Mehran airbase]] in Karachi in 2011, and the orchestration of jail breaks in [[Bannu]] and [[Dera Ismail Khan]] in 2012 and 2013 respectively.<ref name="Uzbeks2">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27790892|title=Karachi airport: Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan claims attack|work=BBC|date=11 June 2014|accessdate=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref>http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-255982-Who-are-the-Uzbeks-launching-terror-strikes-in-Pakistan</ref>

Taliban commander Abdullah Bahar dismissed the Pakistani government's recent offer of peace talks as a "tool of war" and, in a reference to Pakistani air strikes against militants, claimed the Pakistani government killed "hundreds of tribal women and children". He also warned of more attacks against the state.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/world/pakistan/karachi-airport-cleared-of-militants-after-attack-kills-28-1.1344670 Karachi airport cleared of militants after attack kills 28 | GulfNews.com]</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.ibtimes.com/pakistani-taliban-leader-says-plan-was-hijack-plane-karachi-airport-warns-worse-attacks-1596004 Pakistani Taliban Leader Says Plan Was To Hijack A Plane At Karachi Airport, Warns Of 'Worse Attacks']</ref>

TTP spokesman Shahidullah Shahid explained why the airport was targeted: "We chose a location where there would be less civilian and more official casualties." Shahid warned the group will engage "in a full-out war with the Pakistani state, starting on June 10." But "if even now the Pakistani government backs down," Shahid said, "we are ready to engage in meaningful dialogue."<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/09/world/asia/pakistan-karachi-airport-attacks/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 7 more bodies found after Pakistan airport terrorist attack - CNN.com]</ref> Shahid added that "the main goal of this attack was to damage the government, including by hijacking planes and destroying state installations."<ref name="zee">{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/karachi-airport-siege-live-pakistan-taliban-own-up-to-attack_938093.html|title=Jinnah International Airport is live and back, says Pakistan's Civil Aviation Authority|work=Zee News|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
{{Rquote|right|This act of terror is unforgivable. The state will give a fitting response to such cowardly acts of terror. Those who plan and those who execute the terrorist attacks will be defeated.|[[Khawaja Muhammad Asif]]|[[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] of Pakistan<ref name="guardian"/>}}
All operations at the airport were suspended, all flights were diverted, and the airport was evacuated following the attack. The Pakistan International Airlines had to delay or cancel 20 flights immediately after the attack.<ref name="tribune3"/> [[Pakistan Army]] forces were deployed to the airport during the attack.<ref name=aje>{{cite web|title=Heavy fighting reported at Karachi airport|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/06/heavy-fighting-reported-at-karachi-airport-201468185852200231.html|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|accessdate=8 June 2014|date=2014-06-08}}</ref> After the operation ended, Pakistan's [[Pakistan Minister of Defence|Defence Minister]] [[Khawaja Muhammad Asif]] stated, "This act of terror is unforgivable, the state will give a befitting response to such cowardly acts of terror. Those who plan and those who execute the terrorist attacks will be defeated."<ref name="guardian">[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/09/pakistan-taliban-karachi-attack-peace-talks Pakistani Taliban claim Karachi attack and leave peace talks in crisis | World news | The Guardian]</ref>

According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', security measures at the airport have been criticised in the past. The road passing through the outer perimeter of the main terminal is guarded by the [[Airports Security Force]] armed with dowsing rods, similar to the [[ADE 651]] fake bomb detectors sold around the world by British conman [[Jim McCormick]], jailed for fraud in 2013. In an article titled "Why are countries still using the fake bomb detectors sold by a convicted British conman?", Leo Benedictus expressed surprise at the Pakistani officials who still believe the device works. He went on to say that not only Pakistan, but the security forces of [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], [[Kenya]] and [[Thailand]] still use the ADE 651 despite repeated warnings from the [[United States]] to stop using them.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/858184/lives-at-airport-threatened-by-bogus-bomb-detectors Lives at airport threatened by bogus bomb detectors - - DAWN.COM]</ref><ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/jun/09/fake-bomb-detectors-british-conman-pakistan-karachi-airport Why are countries still using the fake bomb detectors sold by a convicted British conman? | World news | The Guardian]</ref><ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/world/middleeast/04sensors.html?_r=0</ref> Following news of the attack, other international airports in Pakistan including the [[Allama Iqbal International Airport]] in Lahore, [[Benazir Bhutto International Airport]] in Islamabad, [[Bacha Khan International Airport]] in Peshawar, and [[Sialkot International Airport]] were put on red alert and security was increased.<ref name="FIR"/> Airports in neighbouring India were also put on high alert.<ref name="zee" />

According to some Pakistani officials, among some of the long-term implications of the attack is the fact that it may make foreign airlines wary of expanding operations in Pakistan, with many international air carriers already having scaled back their activities since 2008. Currently, there are 19 international airlines serving Pakistani airports.<ref name="tribune"/> On 11 June, [[Cathay Pacific Airways]] notified of a temporary cancellation of its flights to Karachi and stated it would continue to monitor the situation closely. The same day, Maldivian President [[Abdulla Yameen]] also postponed his state visit to Pakistan indefinitely, in view of the prevailing situation.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112030 Cathay Pacific cancels Karachi flights after Taliban attack - World - DAWN.COM]</ref> The [[Ireland cricket team]] were scheduled to play three [[One Day International]] cricket matches in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] in September 2014, but these were cancelled after the attack. The tour, if gone ahead, would have ended a five-year hiatus of international cricket in Pakistan, with no international teams having toured the country since the [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team|2009 attack]] on the Sri Lankan cricket team by militants. The attack was thought to have dashed the [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]'s recent efforts to arrange international teams to tour Pakistan.<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/720352/cricket-pakistan-disappointed-after-ireland-cancel-tour/ Cricket: Pakistan disappointed after Ireland cancel tour following Karachi attack – The Express Tribune]</ref><ref name="IrelandPakistan">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/27800387 |title=Ireland tour to Pakistan called off after Karachi airport attack |accessdate=11 June 2014 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref>

A post-attack [[Cabinet Committee on National Security]] meeting was chaired by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]] on 10 June. The meeting was attended by Army chief [[Raheel Sharif]], interior minister [[Nisar Ali Chaudhry]] and other high profile government and military officials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111808/meeting-on-national-security-under-way-at-pm-house |title=Civil-military leadership discuss internal security - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>

The airport and PIA are estimated to have suffered losses worth billions of rupees, with one estimate putting the accumulated loss at over Rs. 180 billion.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-3-255226-PIA-suffers-heavy-financial-losses:-officials PIA suffers heavy financial losses: officials - thenews.com.pk]</ref> [[Chief Minister of Sindh]] [[Qaim Ali Shah]] announced monetary compensation for victims of the attack.<ref>[http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/224836-Karachi-attack-Funeral-prayers-of-martyred-Ranger Karachi attack: Funeral prayers of martyred Rangers, ASF officials offered | Pakistan | Dunya News]</ref>

===Military strikes===
On 10 June, Pakistani security forces carried out aerial strikes in [[Tirah Valley]] of [[Khyber Agency]] in the northwestern tribal areas next to the Afghan border, during which nine militant hideouts were destroyed and at least 25 militants were killed. The aerial strikes were conducted in the wake of the attack, and were an extension of a campaign of military operations against militants being conducted since the past few months.<ref name="25 militants">[http://tribune.com.pk/story/719855/aerial-bombing-in-tirah-valley-kills-15-militants/ Aerial bombing in Tirah valley kills 25 militants – The Express Tribune]</ref> The area was believed to be used as a shelter for several anti-state militant factions and foreign fighters from [[Central Asia]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111785/at-least-25-killed-in-airstrikes-in-tirah-valley At least 25 killed in airstrikes in Tirah valley - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> According to defence analysts, the Karachi airport attack may push Islamabad to put current peace talks with militants on the backstage and lead for an all-out military offensive in [[North Waziristan]] and surrounding tribal areas along the Afghan border. According to one Pakistani security official, "the army is ready for an operation. It now all depends on the government to make a decision."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/articles/gunmen-attack-karachi-airport-1402301470|title=Pakistan Weighs Strike Against Taliban Over Airport Attack|first=Saeed|last=Shah|work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> On 11 June, the Army decided to intensify air strikes on militant hideouts following a conference between top military commanders at the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]], Rawalpindi.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112021/ Army resolves to intensify air strikes against militants - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref>

On the early hours of Thursday 12 June, the U.S. conducted two successive [[Drone attacks in Pakistan|drone strikes]] near [[Miramshah]] in North Waziristan, after a nearly six month break in US drone campaigns in the tribal areas of northwest Pakistan. The drone strikes killed 16 suspected militants. According to a Pakistani intelligence sources, the militants killed included four Uzbeks, a few key Afghan Taliban commanders and members, and two members of [[Tehreek-e-Taliban Punjab|TTP Punjab]].<ref name="drone">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112050 Successive drone strikes leave at least 16 dead in N Waziristan - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112253 Drone targeted Haqqani network commander, Afghan Taliban: sources - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref>

On 15 June, [[Pakistan Air Force]] fighter jets bombed eight militant hideouts in [[North Waziristan]], during which up to 150 militants were killed according to security officials. Most of those killed during the strikes were Uzbek fighters, as the targets were predominantly Uzbek hideouts, and the dead included insurgents linked to the airport attack.<ref name="150 militants">http://www.dawn.com/news/1112875/mostly-uzbeks-killed-in-overnight-n-waziristan-bombing-army</ref> Military and intelligence sources confirmed the presence of foreign and local militants in the hideouts before the military operation. Abu Abdur Rehman Almani, a key Uzbek militant commander and a mastermind of the attack, was also reported killed. Some foreign militants from the [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]], an [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] separatist group from western China, were also among the dead.<ref name="Almani">http://www.dawn.com/news/1112901/</ref>

==Investigations==
According to initial reports provided by the Director-General of the Sindh Rangers, General Rizwan Akhtar, the attackers were foreign nationals and appeared to be [[Uzbeks]].<ref name="tribune"/> This was later confirmed by the TTP on 11 June, while the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan also accepted the involvement of its fighters behind the attack.<ref name="Uzbeks">[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150430-IMU,-Al-Qaeda-affiliate-claims-its-fighters-attacked-Karachi-airport IMU, Al-Qaeda affiliate claims its fighters attacked Karachi airport - thenews.com.pk]</ref> Interior Minister [[Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan]] stated that foreign elements in coordination with local elements were involved in the events,<ref name="dawn2">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111601 Nisar sees foreign, local elements involved in terror attacks - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> while federal Information Minister [[Pervez Rasheed]] also lent opinion on a foreign hand.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150231-Pervez-Rashid-sees-foreign-hand-behind-Karachi-airport-attack-- Pervez Rashid sees foreign hand behind Karachi airport attack - thenews.com.pk]</ref>

The Afghan ambassador to Pakistan was summoned following the attack, during which Pakistani officials lodged a protest over anti-Pakistani militants finding sanctuary inside Afghanistan, from where they operate.<ref>[http://www.khaama.com/pakistan-summons-afghan-ambassador-following-attack-on-karachi-airport-6199 Pakistan summons Afghan ambassador following attack on Karachi airport - Khaama Press (KP) | Afghan News Agency]</ref>

Reports citing sources in the Pakistani Rangers reported that Indian ammunition and/or Indian-made guns, were recovered from the dead militants,<ref name="IB">[http://www.ibtimes.com/militant-attack-karachi-airport-pakistan-claims-23-lives-least-14-wounded-1595961 Militant Attack On Karachi Airport In Pakistan Claims 23 Lives, At Least 14 Wounded]</ref><ref>[http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/224751-Karachi-Indianmade-arms-recovered-from-dead-mili Karachi: Indian-made arms recovered from dead militants | Pakistan | Dunya News]</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/militant-attack-on-karachi-airport-four-security-personnel-killed/1/365966.html Karachi's Jinnah International Airport under siege: 11 dead, 2 planes destroyed : World, News - India Today]</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150165-Karachi-airport-under-attack:-five-ASF-men-killed 15 killed as terrorists attack Karachi airport - thenews.com.pk]</ref><ref>[http://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/09-Jun-2014/karachi-airport-attack-rangers-says-indian-weapons-recovered ]</ref><ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/karachi-airport-attacked-indian-weapons-recovered-from-the-terrorists Karachi Airport attacked; Indian weapons recovered from the terrorists]</ref> alluding to allegations of Indian involvement behind the attack.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/09/world/asia/deadly-attack-karachi-international-airport.html?_r=1 |title=Terrorists Attack Airport in Pakistan, Killing 13 |publisher=The New York Times |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> [[Geo English]] initially posted the Sindh Rangers chiefs' statement on [[Twitter]] about Indian weapons recovered from the scene.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Pak-verbal-duel-after-Karachi-airport-siege/articleshow/36272567.cms India-Pak verbal duel after Karachi airport siege - The Times of India]</ref> The [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]], [[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] and [[SAMAA TV]] reported that several made-in-India "Factor-8 injections" were retrieved during the search operation. According to officials, these injections are used by the [[Indian Army]] in frontline combat and have the purpose of stopping bleeding from injuries. The injections are not available in the market. However, this report was not confirmed by authorities in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/factor-8-injections-recovered-at-karachi-airport ‘Factor-8’ injections recovered at Karachi airport]</ref><ref>[http://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/09-Jun-2014/karachi-attack-several-made-in-india-injections-recovered Karachi attack: Several made-in-India injections recovered]</ref><ref>[http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/indian-army-s-injections-recovered-from-karachi-airport-attackers Indian army’s injections recovered from Karachi airport attackers]</ref> Syed Khurshid Shah, [[Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)|Leader of the Opposition]] in Pakistani parliament, called on the government to register a protest with the Indian High Commission on the recovery of Indian weapons, and demanded an explanation from the [[government of India]] over the issue while also questioning the role of India's intelligence agency.<ref>[http://www.saach.tv/2014/06/11/india-should-clarify-its-position-over-indian-weapons/ ‘India should clarify its position over Indian weapons’ | Saach.TV]</ref><ref>[http://thenewstribe.com/2014/06/11/khursheed-shah-for-indian-explanation-over-karachi-airport-attack/ Khurshid Shah for Indian explanation over Karachi airport attack | Thenewstribe]</ref><ref>[http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/06/11/national/mind-asking-india-about-their-guns-with-terrorists/ ‘Mind asking India about their guns with terrorists?’ | Pakistan Today]</ref> However, an official claim has not yet been made regarding this.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/world/karachi-airport-attack-live-pak-army-says-militants-carried-indian-made-guns-1561631.html Karachi airport attack Live: Miltants had 'Indian' guns, says Pak | Firstpost]</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=When scare becomes nationalistic pride|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-255305-When-scare-becomes-nationalistic-pride|accessdate=11 June 2014|publisher=The News|date=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Editorial|title=The aftermath|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/editorial/11-Jun-2014/the-aftermath|accessdate=11 June 2014|publisher=Daily Times|date=11 June 2014}}</ref> [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Pakistan Foreign Office]] said that they were investigating the claims regarding the use of Indian weapons in the Karachi attack. The official spokeswoman Ms. Tasnim Aslam said that Pakistan did not have the habit of leveling allegations without investigation or evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/islamabad/13-Jun-2014/use-of-indian-arms-in-karachi-attack-being-probed-fo |title=Use of Indian arms being probed: FO |publisher=The Nation, Pakistan |date=2014-06-14|accessdate=2014-06-14}}</ref>

The National Crisis Management Cell of the Ministry of Interior said weapons and explosives used in the attack may have been transported into the airport building before the militants stormed it, leading to questions over infiltration and flaws in security.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1111747/ |title=Interior ministry cell had warned of attack on airports, airbases - Pakistan |publisher=Dawn.Com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> A [[First Information Report]] (FIR) was filed in the airport police station on 11 June against the TTP, in which its top leadership including leader [[Fazlullah (militant leader)|Fazlullah]] and spokesman Shahidullah Shahid were nominated.<ref name="FIR">[http://www.dawn.com/news/1112018/fir-over-karachi-airport-attack-registered-against-ttp Airport attack: Body of missing ASF man recovered - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref>

==Reactions==
===Domestic===
The attack sparked widespread reactions on social media in Pakistan, receiving condemnations from [[politicians]], journalists, and social scientists.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/1111570 Attack on Karachi airport: Reactions on social media - Pakistan - DAWN.COM]</ref> [[Pakistani media]] reacted strongly to the events, with major newspapers and news channels questioning the government's attempt at negotiations with militants, the failure of security apparatus in preventing such an attack, the safety of other sensitive installations, and with many commentators calling for renewed action against militants.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27779474 BBC News - Pakistani media demand action over airport attack]</ref>

[[Imran Khan]], chairman of the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] political party and a major opposition leader, denounced the attack and heavily criticised the government, calling for the resignation of top officials and noting that "It is a complete failure on the part of the government and state to protect key installations and citizens’ lives and those under whose watch this happened must immediately take responsibility and resign."<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/719767/taftan-bombing-karachi-airport-attack-pti-asks-top-officials-to-step-down/ Taftan bombing, Karachi airport attack: PTI asks top officials to step down – The Express Tribune]</ref> The [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] passed a resolution condemning the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-150334-National-Assembly-passes-resolutions-condemning-attacks-in-Karachi-Taftan- |title=National Assembly passes resolutions condemning attacks in Karachi, Taftan |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> Information Minister of Sindh Sharjeel Memon criticised the federal government, saying it had failed to react when the attack took place, and credited the army and security institutions for saving the day.<ref name="Goth"/>

===International===
* {{CHN}} - [[Chinese Foreign Ministry]] spokeswoman [[Hua Chunying]] stated that China "strongly condemns the attack and conveys sympathy to the victims' families as well as those injured" and expressed support for Pakistan's counter-terrorism strategy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/n/2014/0609/c90000-8738838.html|title=China expresses condolences to victims in Karachi airport attack|work=People's Daily Online|date=9 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>
* {{EU}} – A spokesperson for the [[European External Action Service|European Union External Action Service]] released a statement condemning the attack, expressing sympathy with the families of security officials and civilians killed in the attack, and supported the government of Pakistan's efforts on fighting terrorism.<ref>{{cite web|author=AUTHOR karafillis.jpg |url=http://www.neurope.eu/article/eu-condemns-attack-karachi-airport |title=EU condemns attack at Karachi airport |publisher=neurope.eu |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>
* {{IND}} – The attack was condemned by the Indian [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], while Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan, TCA Raghavan, stated "we strongly condemn the recent act of terrorism in Karachi that is a major setback to regional peace and stability."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/india-condemns-karachi-airport-attack|title=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/india-condemns-karachi-airport-attack|title=India condemns Karachi airport attack|work=Daily Times|date=9 June 2014|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> Raghavan denied allegations of Indian involvement in the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/national/09-Jun-2014/india-denies-hand-in-karachi-attack|title=India denies hand in Karachi attack|work=The Nation|accessdate=9 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> On June 13, 2014 Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi replied to a letter sent by his Pakistan counterpart where he strongly condemned the Karachi attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/721254/modi-condemns-karachi-airport-attack-in-his-letter-to-nawaz/|title=http://tribune.com.pk/story/721254/modi-condemns-karachi-airport-attack-in-his-letter-to-nawaz/|title=Indian PM condemns Karachi attack|work=The Express Tribune Pakistan|date=13 June 2014|accessdate=13 June 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Nations}} – The United Nations condemned the airport attack and another incident targeting Shia pilgrims in [[Taftan]]. UN Secretary General [[Ban Ki-moon]] urged the government of Pakistan to address terrorism and bring the culprits to justice.<ref>{{cite web|last=Desk |first=Web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/719812/un-condemns-karachi-airport-taftan-attacks/ |title=UN condemns Karachi airport, Taftan attacks – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date= |accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref>
* {{USA}} – The [[White House]] condemned the attack, with spokesman [[Josh Earnest]] stating "Americans’ hearts go out to the families of the victims and those who were wounded."<ref name="dawn2"/> The U.S. also offered assistance to Pakistani authorities for investigations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/us-offers-assistance-to-pakistan-into-karachi-attack-investigation/articleshow/36337623.cms|title=US offers assistance to Pakistan into Karachi attack investigation|work=The Economic Times|date=10 June 2014|accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[PNS Mehran attack]] - a 2011 assault on the Pakistan Navy's headquarters
* [[2012 Peshawar airport attack]] - a similar attack at [[Bacha Khan International Airport]]
* [[Bandaranaike Airport attack]] - a 2001 [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] assault on Sri Lanka's largest airport
* [[Uzbeks in Pakistan]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jinnah International Airport attack}}
[[Category:Terrorist attacks on airports]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2014]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2014]]
[[Category:History of Karachi]]
[[Category:Crime in Karachi]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Jinnah International Airport]]
[[Category:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mass shootings]]
[[Category:Pakistan–Uzbekistan relations]]

Sam Morris

2014-05-05T14:41:47Z

Enock4seth: Cleaned up using AutoEd

{{Orphan|date=April 2014}}

Samson 'Sam' Uriah Morris (c1908-c1976) was a Grenada born anti-colonialist and civil rights activist who came to [[London]] in 1939, becoming deputy chair for the [[Commission for Racial Equality]] in the 1970s.<ref>Petra Pryke, ''YT? Youth Training in the visual arts: The Sam Morris Project'', in Patricia Potts, Felicity Armstrong and Mary Masterton (eds.) ''Equality and Diversity in Education vol. 1, Learning, Teaching and Managing in Schools''. Routledge, 1995, p. 153.</ref>

== Biography ==
Morris was born in [[Grenada]] and received part of his education in [[Barbados]]. In 1939, he sailed to the [[United Kingdom]] and became active in the [[League of Coloured Peoples]], formed by [[Harold Moody]] which was concerned with racial equality and civil rights in Britain and elsewhere in the world, becoming general secretary of the organisation in the mid 1940s.

He was a Liaison Officer to [[Learie Constantine]] during the Second World War. After the war he worked as a private secretary and press officer to [[Kwame Nkrumah]] in Ghana for six years. He was then the Development Officer for the Midlands with the National Committee for Commonwealth Immigrants.<ref>Pendennis. "Who’s who in race", ''[[The Observer]]'', London, 3 March 1968.</ref> He later became Assistant High Commissioner for Grenada and deputy chair for the [[Commission for Racial Equality]]. He lived in Hammersmith and was an active member of the Hammersmith and Fulham Council for Racial Equality. He died in around 1976 in Fulham, London.

== Selected Writings ==
'Tribute to Learie Constantine', ''New Community'', 1, 1 (October 1971), pp68–70

'Moody—the forgotten visionary', ''New Community'' (Vol. 1, No. 3, Spring 1972), pp. 193–6

''The case and the course: A treatise on Black Studies'' (London: Committee on Black Studies 1973)

== Legacy ==
There is a Sam Uriah Morris Society which had a centre in East London with an exhibition about black history.<ref>[http://apps.hackney.gov.uk/servapps/hackneydirectory/details.aspx?OrgID=6299 ''Sam Uriah Morris Society'']. Hackney Council website. Accessed 31.03.14.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* Roderick J Macdonald, 'Dr. Harold Arundel Moody and the League of Coloured Peoples, 1931-1947: A Retrospective View', ''Race & Class'' 14/3 (January 1973).
* Petra Pryke, 'YT? Youth Training in the visual arts: The Sam Morris Project', in Patricia Potts, Felicity Armstrong and Mary Masterton (eds.) ''Equality and Diversity in Education vol. 1, Learning, Teaching and Managing in Schools'' (Routledge, 1995) p. 153.
* [http://apps.hackney.gov.uk/servapps/hackneydirectory/details.aspx?OrgID=6299 ''Sam Uriah Morris Society''].

{{Authority control|VIAF=11812093}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Morris, Sam
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = c1908
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Grenada
| DATE OF DEATH = c1976
| PLACE OF DEATH = London
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Morris, Sam}}
[[Category:Black British people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Black Star Square

2014-04-12T09:10:52Z

Enock4seth: /* top */

[[File:Independence Square, Ghana.JPG|right|thumb|400px|Black Star Square]]

'''Black Star Square''', also known as '''Independence Square''', is a [[public square]] in [[Accra]], [[Ghana]]. Bordered by the [[Accra Sports Stadium]] and the [[Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum|Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park]]. It is the second-largest city square in the world after [[Tiananmen Square]] in [[China]].<ref name="gh">{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=292844 |title=Independence Square in danger |publisher=www.ghanaweb.com |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>

== History ==

The square was commissioned by [[Kwame Nkrumah]] to honour the visit of [[Queen Elizabeth II]]. Construction ended in 1961 and it was christened "Black Star Square".<ref name="gh"/>

== Importance ==

Black Star Square is a site for Ghana's Independence Day parades which falls on the 6th of March every year. It also hosts all major national public gatherings and national festivals.<ref>[http://www.ghana-net.com/accra-independence-square-and-black-star-gate Black Star Square and Black Star Gate]. ''Ghana-Net.com''.</ref> Every visitor is free to take pictures of buildings, including the Black Star Gate, but this might not include close-up shots of the [[Independence Arch (Accra)|Independence Arch]].

== Structure ==

Independence Square has stands that have 30,000 seating capacity. The square boasts two monuments: the [[Independence Arch (Accra)|Independence Arch]] and the [[Black Star Monument]], also known as the Black Star Gate.<ref name="gh"/> A statue of a soldier faces the Independence Arch symbolizing the Ghanaians who lost their lives fighting for Ghana's independence.<ref name="gh"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Independence Square (Ghana)}}

{{coord|5.5476|-0.1926|type:landmark_region:GH|display=title}}

[[Category:Squares in Ghana]]
[[Category:National squares]]
[[Category:Accra]]

{{ghana-stub}}

Kim Kim Gallery

2014-03-21T10:10:00Z

Enock4seth: Reverted edits by 220.71.14.51 (talk) to last version by Gregorymaass

{{Multiple issues|{{Refimprove|date=March 2014}}{{Advert|date=March 2014}}

}}
{{Infobox Non-profit
| Non-profit_name = Kim Kim Gallery
| Non-profit_logo =
| Non-profit_type =
| founded_date = March 2008
| founder = Gregory Maass & Nayoungim
| location = Seoul, South-Korea
| origins = Market Gallery, Glasgow, Scotland
| focus = Contemporary art
| revenue =
| num_employees = 2
| subsid =
| homepage = www.kimkimgallery.com
}}
{{infobox image
|title =
|name = Kim Kim Gallery Showroom.jpg
|size = 230px
|caption = Kim Kim Gallery opened their first showroom in 2011 near [[Garosu-gil]] in [[Seoul]]
}}

'''Kim Kim Gallery''' is a contemporary art gallery run by [[Gregory Maass & Nayoungim]], a German-Korean artist duo. The Gallery was founded at the Market Gallery in [[Glasgow]], Scotland, in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akive.org/eng/portfolio/E0000913/KIM%20KIM%20GALLERY,%20Market%20Gallery,%20Glasgow,%20Scotland |title=korean artist Nayoungim, Gregory Maass’s KIM KIM GALLERY – View artworks |language={{ko icon}} |publisher=Akive |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> It describes itself as "a non-profit organization, a locative artwork, an art dealership based on unconventional marketing, a curatorial approach, an exhibition design firm, and editor, depending on the situation it adapts to; in short, it does not fit the format imposed by the term Gallery". Clemens Krümmel writes "This begins with the excess of dis-identificatory self-reference in creative dialogue with the institution Kim Kim Gallery, along with corporate identity and advertising products and a mania borrowed from [[Martin Kippenberger]] for “great” work or exhibition titles".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ideabooks.nl/index.php?op=full&title=29386&what=n&r=4&p=&k=&g=01&page=2 |title=Unfuckingreal: Nayoungim & Gregory Maass Works 2009-2012 - Idea Books |publisher=Ideabooks.nl |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>

Kim Kim Gallery does not function solely as an expression of production in a gallery context without a constant exhibition space, but as a space of constant self-reflection and reinvention. It concatenates the artist´s work, the venue and the exhibition method at individual levels by adapting these three factors to each other, so that, rather than forming a banal productivity space, the artist is re-empowered through a transfer of techniques and methods across various domains.

KKG has gained international recognition through their projects, including, among others: Douglasism at the international Art Fair, Art:Gwangju:12 in Korea<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aligntrinity.com/kim-kim-gallery-presents-douglasism-at-art-gwangju-12-with-works-from-trinity-/ |title=Kim Kim Gallery presents Douglasism at Art : Gwangju : 12 with works from Trinity ∴ | Trinity ∴ is a London and Oslo based consultancy that provides strategic communications services for the arts sector |publisher=Aligntrinity.com |date=2012-09-09 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> the solo exhibition "Apple vs. Banana" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-artnow.org/announcement-archive/archive/2011/5/article/ACTION/5543/ |title=Announcement archive |publisher=e-artnow.org |date=2011-05-27 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> of Chung Seo-young, voted one of the best shows in 2011 by the Art in Culture Magazine; and "More of the Best of Firmin Graf Salawàr dej Striës" by [[Jeff Gabel]], exhibiting new large scale site-specific drawings on canvas rendered in pencil.
KKG contributed as exhibition designer to the Daegu Photo Biennial special exhibition in 2012.<ref>[http://www.kimkimgallery.com/exhibitions/exhibition_design_photo_biennale.html ]{{dead link|date=March 2014}}</ref>

Their latest project is "Douglasism," a festival which took place in Seoul in October–November 2013, centered around the works of British artist Douglas Park, in collaboration with Komplot Brussels, Trinity ∴ <ref>{{cite web|url=http://aligntrinity.com/ |title=Trinity ∴ is a London and Oslo based consultancy that provides strategic communications services for the arts sector |publisher=Aligntrinity.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> and FLACC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flacc.info/nl |title=FLACC |publisher=Flacc.info |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>

==History==

===2008 - 2012===
{{Empty section|date=March 2014}}

===Apple vs. Banana===
[[Image:Applevsbanana.jpg|thumb|left|Chung Seoyoung 
"Apple vs. Banana" May 2011 
at the Hyundai Cultural Center, Seoul]]
About the artist: Chung Seoyoung is a prominent artist of her generation in Korea.
Major shows include:
In 2000 a solo-show at the Artsonje Center, Seoul. The Korean Pavilion at the Venice Biennial in 2003.
A solo-show in 2007 at the Atelier Hermès, Seoul. The Gwangju Biennial in 2009.
About "Apple vs. Banana"
Chung Seoyoung works deal pragmatically and humorously with the grotesque choices in our life. The exhibition title derives from the futile choice between dietary fiber and carbohydrate, one of the endless ironies in modern-day life.
In this show, Chung Seoyoung accentuates the bland, taking away the details. She produced a range of sober, pure ''and obviously inexpressive'' works of art.
Chung Seoyoung built a set of objects: tables, a light bulb, a kitchenette, an aquarium, a spot, and snowballs constructing a certain encompassing physical and organizational structure in the model apartments.
About the Hyundai Cultural Center: [[Hyundai Group]] was founded as a construction company, which rapidly achieved legendary status. These legendary times live on in the second sublevel of the Hyundai Cultural Center in Seoul, where Kim Kim Gallery occupies two model apartments from the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kimkimgallery.blogspot.kr/2011/07/apple-vs-banana-review.html |title=Kim Kim Gallery blog: Apple vs. Banana Review |publisher=Kimkimgallery.blogspot.kr |date=2011-11-07 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>

===Stuffs!===
[[Image:Stuffs kimkimgallery.jpg|thumb|left|Nakhee and Nakyoung Sung 
"Stuffs!" February 2012 
Gang-nam, Seoul]]
Nakhee and Nakyoung Sung are sisters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_yLL8dgBpg |title=Walking Tour [2012.02] Kim Kim Gallery feat. Artists Nakyoung Sung and Nakhee Sung |publisher=YouTube |date=2012-02-25 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>
The many painted faces, grimacing, sign-like, broadly applied seem to open a mimetic space-within-the-space.
Some of Nakhee and Nakyoung Sung’s gestures seem to me just as raw as if they had broken down the walls.
"Their artistic intelligence and skill is not limited to languages of painting, it resides in the sometimes disharmonic, sometimes utterly willful, capricious application of their personal, intra-familial, professional ambivalences.
And since it lets outside images and sounds seep through the walls, it is on the way to break open any cube or preconception of painting."
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kimkimgallery.blogspot.kr/2012/02/kim-kim-lecture-talk.html |title=Kim Kim Gallery blog: Kim Kim Lecture & Talk |publisher=Kimkimgallery.blogspot.kr |date=2012-02-15 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>

===More of the Best of Firmin Graf Salawàr dej Striës===
[[Image:Jeffgabel napkin.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jeff Gabel]] "Magdalena smacks Firmin in the mouth with her napkin", 2011 Pencil on paper 9"x12"]]
In 2012, [[Jeff Gabel]] realised large site-specific drawings in graphite on wall-filling canvases for Kim Kim Gallery.
The images themselves tended to be awkward or inept, as Gabel employs no measurements or other preparation work, regardless of size.
The stories which accompany Gabel's images on walls or other surfaces typically develop as a drawing progresses, and are often suggested or driven by the physical spaces, and by conditions relating to the respective exhibitions, such as time limit, allotted space, exhibition content, travel logistics & problems, and the artist's recent readings.

At Kim Kim Gallery, Gabel attempts to translate, adapt, and illustrate various sections of "Salwàre oder Die Magdalena von Bozen" while consuming numerous servings of alcohol and copious amounts of chewing tobacco, deliberately influencing the voice and aptitude of the drawing and writing.

===2013===
{{Empty section|date=March 2014}}

===Douglasism===
[[Image:Douglasism.jpg|thumb|left|Douglas Park 
reading "A nigh-on compulsory cliché" 
At the Betsy Trotwood Pub, London, July 2012]]
Douglasism is a term deriving from the name of the contemporary British artist Douglas Park.
Douglas Park is in his own words „born in 1972, UK visual artist, writer (of literary prose and critical essays, both mostly art connected), exhibition curator and multiple practices and roles combined.“
Douglas Park is a polyvalent artist, actor, narrator, writer, curator. He has a vast but strangely intangible oeuvre of great humanism.
These works often display or are co-created with Douglas Park.
Douglasism provides a deeper insight into the working methods, perspectives and traits of work by and with Douglas Park. The origin of the term "Douglasism" lies in a title of a show curated by the late Piers Wardle aka Lewis Draper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://douglasism.blogspot.kr/search?q=lewis+draper |title=Douglasisms 2005 |publisher=Douglasism.blogpsot.kr |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref> Kim Kim Gallery adopted this title and consider Douglasism as a many-layered perspective on the totality of the creative activity of Douglas Park. The term “Douglasism” compares to political movements and art movements of the 19th and early 20th century. It is not solely the work of Douglas Park but also engulfs the works of many other artists, with whom Douglas Park works up to the present.

Contributing artists included among others: Claire Fontaine, Nico Dockx, Aeon Rose, Jan Mast, Richard Crow, Mark Aerial Waller, Christine Mitrentse, Monika K. Adler, Olive Martin, Anthony Gross, Michelle Naismith, Gideon Cube Sherman, Cel Crabeels, Marc Vaulbert de Chantilly, Owen Piper.

==Artists==
Exhibited artists include:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* Klaus Weber<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.k-weber.com |title=Klaus Weber |publisher=K-weber.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>
* [[Sophie von Hellerman]]
* Geert Goiris<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geertgoiris.info |title=Geert Goiris : Homepage |publisher=Geertgoiris.info |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>
* [[Stefan Ettlinger]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Stefan Ettlinger |url=http://www.ettlinger.de |title=Stefan Ettlinger - home |publisher=Ettlinger.de |date=2012-03-15 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>
* [[Jeff Gabel]]
* Douglas Park
* Chung Seoyoung
* Nakhee Sung
* Nakyoung Sung
* Robert Estermann
* Gregory Maass & Nayoungim
* Nicolai Seyfarth
* Ingo Baumgarten<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ingobaumgarten.de |title=Ingo Baumgarten- Malerei |publisher=Ingobaumgarten.de |date= |accessdate=2014-03-06}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kimkimgallery.com/ Official website]
*[http://kimkimgallery.blogspot.com/ Kim Kim Gallery blog]
*[http://www.nayoungim-maass.com/Gregory Maass and Nayoungim official website]
*[http://douglasism.blogspot.com/ Douglasism official blog]
*[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Estermann Robert Estermann Wikipedia]

[[Category:Art museums and galleries in Germany]]
[[Category:Art galleries established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Scotland]]