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Liste ungewöhnlicher Todesfälle

2010-06-13T15:28:52Z

EhJJ: Reverted edits by 78.86.160.160 (talk) to last version by Neuterz

{{Dynamic list}}
This article provides a '''list of unusual deaths''' – unique, or extremely rare circumstances recorded throughout history. The list also includes less rare, but still unusual, deaths of prominent people.

==Antiquity==

{{dablink|'''Note:''' Many of these stories are likely to be [[apocryphal]]}}

*6th century BC: Legend says [[Greek wrestling|Greek wrestler]] [[Milo of Croton]] came upon a tree-trunk split with wedges. Testing his strength, he tried to rend it with his bare hands by inserting his fingers in the gap. The wedges fell, trapping his hands in the tree making him unable to defend himself from attacking wolves who devoured him.<ref>{{cite book |last=Spivey |first=Nigel Jonathan |title=The Ancient Olympics |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford and New York |year=2004 |pages=65–66, 100–101 |isbn=0-19-280433-2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=_kcwp0RYS7sC&pg=PA100&dq=Milo+of+Kroton+Croton |accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref>

*480-475 BC: '''[[Heraclitus]]''', a Greek Philosopher who, testing his theory that heat could stop the liquid of life from escaping the body, sought to cure his dropsy by having his followers encase his body in cow manure, perishing in the attempt. <ref>Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, ix. 4</ref>

*430 BC: '''[[Empedocles]]''', Pre-Socratic philosopher, secretly jumped into an active [[volcano]] ([[Mt. Etna]]).<ref>Diogenes Laërtius, viii. 67, 69, 70, 71; Horace, ''ad Pison.'' 464, etc.</ref> According to [[Diogenes Laërtius]], this was to convince the people of his time that he had been taken up by the gods on [[Mount Olympus|Olympus]].

*401 BC: '''[[Mithridates (soldier)|Mithridates]]''', a soldier condemned for the murder of [[Cyrus the Younger]], was executed by [[scaphism]], surviving the insect torture 17 days.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plutarch, Life of Artaxerxes|url= http://www.bostonleadershipbuilders.com/plutarch/artaxerxes.htm}}</ref>.

*272 BC: '''[[Pyrrhus of Epirus]]''', the conqueror and source of the term ''[[pyrrhic victory]]'', according to [[Plutarch]] died while fighting an urban battle in [[Argos]] when an old woman threw a roof tile at him, stunning him and allowing an Argive soldier to kill him.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Thornton, W.|year=1968|title=Allusions in Ulysses|publisher= University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill|isbn=0807840890|oclc=185879476 27859245|page=29|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Dof6ABIIfwkC&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=Pyrrhus+roof+tile+-wikipedia}}</ref>

*270 BC: '''[[Philitas of Cos]]''', Greek intellectual, is said by [[Athenaeus of Naucratis]] to have studied arguments and erroneous word-usage so intensely that he wasted away and starved to death.<ref>[[Athenaeus of Naucratis|Athenaeus]], ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'', [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV2.p0115 9.401e].</ref> [[Alan Cameron (classical scholar)|Alan Cameron]] speculates that Philitas died from a [[wasting disease]] which his contemporaries joked was caused by his [[pedantry]].<ref>{{cite journal |journal= The Classical Quarterly |volume=41 |issue=2 |year=1991 |pages=534â8 |author=Alan Cameron |title= How thin was Philitas? |doi= 10.1017/S0009838800004717}}</ref>

*207 BC: '''[[Chrysippus]]''', a Greek [[Stoicism|stoic philosopher]], is believed to have [[died of laughter]] after watching his drunk donkey attempt to eat [[common fig|figs]].<ref>Donaldson, John William and Müller, Karl Otfried. ''A History of the Literature of Ancient Greece''. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1858, p. 27.</ref>

*162 BC: '''[[Eleazar Maccabeus]]''' was crushed to death at the [[Battle of Beth-zechariah]] by a [[War elephant]] that he believed to be carrying [[Seleucid]] King [[Antiochus V]]; charging into battle, Eleazar rushed underneath the elephant and thrust a spear into its belly, whereupon it fell dead on top of him.<ref>Scullard, H.H ''The Elephant in the Greek and Roman World'' Thames and Hudson. 1974 pg 186</ref>

*53 BC: The Roman general and consul '''[[Crassus|Marcus Licinius Crassus]]''' was reported as having been put to death by the Parthians after losing the battle of Carrhae, by being forced to drink a goblet of molten gold, symbolic of his great wealth. A much more likely scenario is that in which, following his death, the Parthian executioner(s) poured said 'molten gold' into his mouth as a message/symbol representing the perils of his 'great thirst for wealth.'<ref>[[Cassius Dio]] 40.27</ref>

*4 BC: '''[[Herod the Great]]''' reportedly suffered from fever, intense rashes, colon pains, [[foot drop]], inflammation of the abdomen, a [[putrefaction]] of his genitals that produced worms, convulsions, and difficulty breathing before he finally expired.<ref>Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, Book 17, Chapter 6</ref> However, gruesome deaths have often been attributed by various authors to disliked rulers, including several Roman emperors (for example, [[Galerius]]).

*64 - 67: '''[[Saint Peter]]''' was executed by the Romans. According to tradition, he asked not to be [[crucifixion|crucified]] in the normal way, but was instead executed on an [[Cross of St. Peter|inverted cross]].<ref>"Peter, St." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> According to [[Origen]] of [[Alexandria]], he said he was not worthy to be crucified in the same way as [[Jesus]] was.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catholic Encyclopedia on St. Peter|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm}}</ref>

*c. 98: '''[[Saint Antipas]]''', Bishop of Pergamum, was roasted to death in a [[brazen bull]] during the persecutions of Emperor [[Domitian]]. [[Saint Eustace]], as well as his wife and children supposedly suffered a similar fate under [[Hadrian]]. According to legend, the creator of the brazen bull, Perillos of Athens, was the first to be put into the brazen bull when he presented his invention to [[Phalaris]], Tyrant of [[Agrigentum]], but he was taken out before he died to be thrown from a hill where he met his ultimate demise.<ref>[http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/antipas.html Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, WA]</ref>

*212: '''[[Lucius Fabius Cilo]]''', a [[ Roman senator]] of the 2nd century, "...choked...by a single hair in a draught of milk".<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], {{Cite web|title=Nat. History, vii ''7''|url= http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/7*.html}}</ref>

*260: [[Roman Empire|Roman]] emperor '''[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]''', after being defeated in battle and captured by the [[Sassanid dynasty|Persians]], was supposedly used as a footstool by the King [[Shapur I of Persia|Shapur I]]. After a long period of punishment and humiliation, Shapur is said to have had the emperor [[skinned alive]] and his skin stuffed with straw or dung and preserved as a trophy.<ref>[[Lactantius]], ''De Mortibus Persecutorum'', v; Wickert, L., "Licinius (Egnatius) 84" in ''[[Pauly-Wissowa|Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopädie]]'' 13.1 (1926), 488-495; Parker, H., ''A History of the Roman World A.D. 138 to 337'' (London, 1958), 170. From [http://www.roman-emperors.org/gallval.htm].</ref> However this story is generally considered to be unreliable as it was likely motivated by the [[Lactantius|author's]] will to establish that the persecutors of the Christians as having died fitting deaths;<ref name="Fik">{{cite book |author=Meijer, Fik | title=Emperors don't die in bed |publisher=Routledge | location=New York |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=0-415-31202-7 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref> and by other Near East Roman authors' desire to establish the [[Persia]]ns as barbarians.<ref name="BI">{{cite book |author=Isaacs, Benjamin |title=The Near East under Roman Rule |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |location=Boston |year= 1996|pages=440 |isbn=90-04-09989-1 |oclc= |doi=
|accessdate=2008-02-14}}</ref>

*415: '''[[Hypatia of Alexandria]]''', Greek mathematician and Pagan philosopher, was murdered by a Christian mob by having her skin ripped off with sharp sea-shells; what remained of her was burned. (Various types of shells have been named: clams, oysters, abalones, ''etc.''. Other sources claim tiles or pottery-shards were used.)<ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hypatia.html Hypatia biography]</ref>


==Middle Ages==
*892: '''[[Sigurd Eysteinsson|Sigurd the Mighty]]''' of Orkney strapped the head of a defeated foe to his horse's saddle. The teeth of this head grazed against his leg as he rode, causing an infection that killed him.

*1063: '''[[Béla I of Hungary]]''' died when his throne's canopy collapsed upon him.

*1135: '''[[Henry I of England]]''' is said to have died of food poisoning after gorging on [[lampreys]], a favourite meal.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/southerncounties/content/articles/2007/09/18/inside_out_lamprey_feature.shtml "The pre-historic visitors"], ''BBC'', 18 September 2007</ref>

*1219: According to legend, '''[[Inalchuk]]''', the Muslim governor of the Central Asian town of [[Otrar]], was captured and killed by the invading [[Mongols]], who poured molten [[silver]] in his eyes, ears, and throat.<ref name="Man">{{cite book | author = John Man | title = Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection | publisher = Macmillan | year = 2007 | isbn = 0312366248 | pages = 163}}</ref>

*1258: '''[[Al-Musta'sim]]''' was killed during the Mongol invasion of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. [[Hulagu Khan]], not wanting to spill royal blood, wrapped him in a rug and had him trampled to death by his horses.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/magazine/print?query=lamented&id=84&minGrade=&maxGrade= "The Mamluks"], Jame Waterson, ''History Today'', March, 2006</ref>

*1327: '''[[Edward II of England]]''', after being deposed and imprisoned by his [[Queen consort]] [[Isabella of France|Isabella]] and her lover [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March|Roger Mortimer]], was rumored to have been murdered by having a red-hot iron inserted into his [[Human anus|anus]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schama |first=Simon |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=A History of Great Britain: 3000BC-AD1603|year=2000 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= London|id= }} p.220</ref>

*1410: '''[[Martin I of Aragon]]''' died from a lethal combination of indigestion and [[Death from laughter|uncontrollable laughing]].<ref>[http://www.cc.jyu.fi/mirator/pdf/Morris.pdf "Patronage and Piety - Montserrat and the Royal House of Medieval Catalonia-Aragon"], Paul N. Morris, ''Mirator Lokakuu'', October, 2000</ref>

*1478: '''[[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence|George Plantagenet]]''', [[Duke of Clarence]], was executed by drowning in a barrel of [[Malvasia|Malmsey wine]] at his own request.<ref>Thompson, C. J. S. ''Mysteries of History with Accounts of Some Remarkable Characters and Charlatans'', pp. 31 ''ff.'' Kila, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.</ref>

==Renaissance==
*1514: '''[[György Dózsa]]''', [[Székely]] man-at-arms and peasants' revolt leader in Hungary, was condemned to sit on a red-hot iron throne with a red-hot iron crown on his head and a red-hot sceptre in his hand (mocking at his ambition to be king), by Hungarian [[landed nobility]] in Transylvania. While Dózsa was still alive, he was set upon and his partially roasted body was eaten by six of his fellow rebels, who had been starved for a week beforehand.<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Győrgy_Dozsa György Dózsa], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1911</ref>

*1556: '''[[Humayun]]''', a [[Mughal emperor]], was descending from the roof of his library after observing Venus, when he heard the ''adhan'', or call to prayer. Humayun's practice was to bow his knee when he heard the ''azaan'', and when he did his foot caught the folds of his garment, causing him to fall down several flights. He died three days later of the injuries.<ref>[http://www.archive.org/details/historyofhumayun00gulbrich Gulbadan Begum, ''The History of Humayun (Humayun-nama)'']. Trans. & ed. Annette Beveridge, Royal Asiatic Soc. (London) 1902 (ISBN 81-215-1006-6) Internet Archive. page 55.</ref>

*1599: '''[[Nanda Bayin]]''', a [[Bamar|Burman]] king, reportedly laughed to death when informed, by a visiting Italian merchant, that "Venice was a free state without a king."<ref name="Miscellany">{{cite book
|title=Schott's Original Miscellany
|author=Schott, Ben
|location=London | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing
|year=2003
|isbn=0-7475-6320-9
}}</ref>

*1601: '''[[Tycho Brahe]]''', Danish astronomer, according to legend, died of complications resulting from a strained bladder at a banquet. It would have been extremely bad etiquette to leave the table before the meal was finished, so he stayed until he became fatally ill. This version of events has since been brought into question as other causes of death (murder by [[Johannes Kepler]], [[suicide]], and mercury poisoning among others) have come to the fore.<ref>[http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Brahe.html Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601) - from Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography]</ref>

*1649: '''[[Arthur Aston (English Army officer)|Sir Arthur Aston]]''', [[Cavalier|Royalist]] commander of the garrison during the [[Siege of Drogheda]], was beaten to death with his own wooden leg, which the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] soldiers thought concealed golden coins.<ref>[http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/aston.htm British Civil War site]</ref>

*1660: '''[[Thomas Urquhart]]''', [[scottish people|Scottish]] aristocrat, [[polymath]] and first translator of [[François Rabelais|Rabelais]] into English, is said to have died laughing upon hearing that [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] had taken the throne.<ref>{{cite book | title = Rabelais in English Literature | last = Brown | first = Huntington | isbn = 0-714-620-513 | publisher = Routledge | pages = 126 | year = 1968}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = The History of Scottish Poetry | publisher = Edmonston & Douglas | year = 1861 | pages = 539}}</ref>

*1671: '''[[François Vatel]]''', chef to [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], committed suicide because his seafood order was late and he could not stand the shame of a postponed meal. His body was discovered by an aide, sent to tell him of the arrival of the fish. The authenticity of this story is quite questionable.<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/65/va/Vatel-Fr.html Bartelby], but it states the authenticity is doubtful.</ref>

*1673: '''[[Molière#Death|Molière]]''', the French actor and playwright, died after being seized by a violent coughing fit, while playing the title role in his play ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]'' (The Hypochondriac).<ref>[http://litmed.med.nyu.edu/Annotation?action=view&annid=1420 "Moliere,: The Imaginary Invalid"], ''NYU Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database'', 23 October 2003</ref>

*1687: '''[[Jean-Baptiste Lully]]''', composer, died of a [[gangrene|gangrenous]] [[abscess]] after piercing his foot with a staff while he was vigorously conducting a ''[[Te Deum]]'', as it was customary at that time to conduct by banging a staff on the floor. The performance was to celebrate the king's recovery from an illness.<ref>[http://www.vanderbilt.edu/htdocs/Blair/Courses/MUSL243/lullbio.htm Biography of Jean-Baptiste Lully], ''Vanderbilt University''</ref>

==18th century==
*1751: '''[[Julien Offray de La Mettrie]]''', the author of ''L'Homme machine'', a major materialist and sensualist philosopher, died of overeating at a feast given in his honor. His philosophical adversaries suggested that by doing so, he had contradicted his theoretical doctrine with the effect of his practical actions.<ref>[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/julien-offray-de-la-mettrie/ Julien Offray de La Mettrie Biography] ''Encyclopedia of World Biography''</ref>

*1753: Professor '''[[Georg Wilhelm Richmann]]''', of [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], became the first recorded person to be killed while performing electrical experiments when he was struck and killed by a globe of [[ball lightning]].<ref>[http://scitation.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_59/iss_1/42_1.shtml Benjamin Franklin and Lightning Rods] ''Physics Today'', January 2006</ref>

*1771: '''[[Adolf Frederick of Sweden|Adolf Frederick]]''', king of Sweden, died of digestion problems on 12 February 1771 after having consumed a meal consisting of lobster, caviar, sauerkraut, smoked herring and champagne, topped off with 14 servings of his favourite dessert: [[semla]] served in a bowl of hot milk.<ref>[http://www.thelocal.se/6470/20070220/ The lowdown on Sweden's best buns] ''The Local'', February 2007</ref> He is thus remembered by Swedish schoolchildren as "the king who ate himself to death."<ref>[http://www.messengernews.net/page/content.detail/id/503630.html?nav=5007 Semlor are Swedish treat for Lent] Sandy Mickelson, ''The Messenger'', 27 February 2008</ref>

*1794: '''[[John Kendrick (American sea captain)|John Kendrick]]''', an American sea captain and explorer, was killed in the [[Hawaii|Hawaiian Islands]] when a British ship mistakenly used a loaded cannon to fire a salute to Kendrick's vessel.<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=1983] "John Kendrick", ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''</ref>

==Modern Age==
===19th century===
*1814: '''[[London Beer Flood]]''', 9 people were killed when 323,000 imperial gallons (1 468 000 L) of beer in the Meux and Company Brewery burst out of their vats and gushed into the streets.

*1830: '''[[William Huskisson]]''', statesman and financier, was crushed to death by a locomotive ([[Stephenson's Rocket]]), at the public opening of the world's first mechanically powered passenger railway.<ref>[http://www.lmu.livjm.ac.uk/lhol/content.aspx?itemid=329 "Huskisson, William"], ''International Centre for Digital Content'', 17 January 2003</ref> 

*1834: '''[[David Douglas (botanist)|David Douglas]]''', Scottish [[botanist]], fell into a pit trap accompanied by a bull. He was gored and possibly crushed.<ref>[http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/PBIO/LnC/douglas.html University of Maryland]: The source is uncertain if the bull fell in before or after him.</ref>

*1862: '''[[Jim Creighton]]''', [[baseball player]], died when he swung a bat too hard and ruptured his [[bladder]].

*1868: '''[[Matthew Vassar]]''', brewer and founder of [[Vassar College]], died in mid-speech while delivering his farewell address to the college board of trustees.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE5DA1230EE34BC4C51DFB0668383679FDE "VASSAR COLLEGE.; Sudden Death of Matthew Vassar, Founder of the Institution, While Reading the Annual Address."], ''The New York Times'', 24 June 1868</ref>

*1871: '''[[Clement Vallandigham]]''', U.S. Congressman and political opponent of [[Abraham Lincoln]], died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound suffered in court while representing the defendant in a murder case. Demonstrating how the murder victim could have inadvertently shot himself, the gun, which Vallandigham believed to be unloaded, discharged and mortally wounded him. The defendant was acquitted.

===20th century===
*1912: '''[[Franz Reichelt]]''', tailor, fell to his death off the first deck of the [[Eiffel Tower]] while testing his invention, the coat parachute. It was his first ever attempt with the parachute and he had told the authorities in advance he would test it first with a [[Mannequin|dummy]].<ref>[http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=321 Damn Interesting » The Intrepid, Ill-Fated Parachutist]</ref>

*1916: '''[[Grigori Rasputin]]''', Russian [[Mysticism|mystic]], was reportedly poisoned while dining with a political enemy, shot in the head, shot three more times, bludgeoned, and then thrown into a frozen river. When his body washed ashore, an autopsy showed the cause of death to be [[hypothermia]]. However, there is now some doubt about the credibility of this account. Another account said that he was poisoned, shot, and stabbed, at which time he got up and ran off - and was later found to have [[drowned]] in a frozen river.<ref>[http://history1900s.about.com/od/famouscrimesscandals/a/rasputin.htm Murder of Rasputin]</ref>

*1918: '''[[Gustav Kobbé]]''', writer and musicologist, was killed when the [[sailboat]] he was on was struck by a landing seaplane off [[Long Island]], [[New York]].<ref name="Obit">[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B02E0D8143EE433A2575BC2A9619C946996D6CF "Hydroplane Kills Kobbe in his Boat; Naval Pilot Unaware He Had Struck Art Critic's Craft."] ''[[New York Times]]''. 28 July 1918. p. 1. Accessed 30 January 2008.</ref>

*1919: In the '''[[Boston Molasses Disaster]]''', 21 people were killed and 150 were injured when a tank containing as much as 2,300,000 US gal (8,700,000 L) of molasses exploded, sending a wave travelling at approximately 35 mph (56 km/h) through part of [[Boston, Massachusetts]], United States.<ref name="[[Boston Molasses Disaster]]">{{cite book | last=Puleo | first=Stephen | title=Dark Tide: The Great Boston Molasses Flood of 1919 | publisher= [[Beacon Press]]| location=Boston, Massachusetts | year = 2004|isbn=0-8070-5021-0 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/molasses.asp The Great Molasses Flood] at Snopes.com.</ref>

*1920: '''[[Dan Andersson]]''', a Swedish author, died of cyanide poisoning while staying at Hotel Hellman in [[Stockholm]], because the hotel staff had failed to clear the room after using hydrogen cyanide against bedbugs.

*1920, 25 October: '''[[Alexander of Greece (king)|Alexander I]]''' King of the Hellenes, dies of sepsis caused by the bites of two monkeys three weeks earlier. The King was taking a walk in the [[National Gardens of Athens|Royal Gardens]], when his dog was attacked by a monkey, and the King attempting to defend it, received a bite by the animal and its mate. <ref>[[John Van der Kiste]], ''Kings of the Hellenes'' (Alan Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Gloucestershire, England, 1994) ISBN 0-7509-0525-5 p. 119</ref>. His death had as a result the reinstatement of his deposed father [[Constantine I of Greece|Constantine I]] who, being pro-German, changed the fortunes of the Greek nation for the years to come.

*1923: '''[[Martha Mansfield]]''', an American film actress, died after sustaining severe burns on the set of the film ''The Warrens of Virginia'' after a smoker's match, tossed by a cast member, ignited her Civil War costume of hoopskirts and ruffles.<ref>{{imdb name|0543806|Martha Mansfield}}</ref>

*1923: '''[[George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon]]''', became the first to die from the alleged [[Curse of the Pharaohs|King Tut's Curse]] after a mosquito bite on his face became seriously infected with [[erysipelas]], which he cut while shaving, leading to blood poisoning and eventually pneumonia.<ref>[http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/carnarvon.htm The Life of Lord Carnarvon]</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Carnarvon Is Dead Of An Insect's Bite At Pharaoh's Tomb. Blood Poisoning and Ensuing Pneumonia Conquer Tut-ankh-Amen Discoverer in Egypt. |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20C11F7355416738DDDAC0894DC405B838EF1D3 |quote=The Earl of Carnarvon died peacefully at 2 o'clock this morning. He was conscious almost to the end. |work=[[New York Times]] |date=April 5, 1923 |accessdate=2008-08-12 }}</ref>

*1925: '''[[Zishe Breitbart|Zishe (Siegmund) Breitbart]]''', a circus strongman and Jewish folklore hero, died as a result of a demonstration in which he drove a spike through five one-inch (2.54 cm) thick oak boards using only his bare hands. He accidentally pierced his knee and the rusted spike caused an infection which led to fatal blood poisoning. He was the subject of the [[Werner Herzog]] film, ''[[Invincible (2001 film)|Invincible]]''.<ref>[http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Breitbart/breitbart-index.htm Siegmund Breitbart]</ref>

*1926: '''[[Harry Houdini]]''', a famous American escape artist, was punched in the stomach by an amateur boxer who had heard that Houdini could withstand any blow to his body above his waist, excluding his head. Though this had been done with Houdini's permission, complications from this injury caused him to die days later, on October 31, 1926. It was later determined that Houdini died of a ruptured appendix.<ref>{{cite web|title=Harry Houdini - Biography|url=http://www.apl.org/history/houdini/biography.html|publisher=Appleton History|accessdate=August 4, 2009}}</ref>

*1927: '''[[J.G. Parry-Thomas]]''', a [[Welsh people|Welsh]] racing driver, was decapitated by his car's drive chain which, under stress, snapped and whipped into the cockpit. He was attempting to break his own [[land speed record]] which he had set the previous year. Despite being killed in the attempt, he succeeded in setting a new record of 171 mph (275 km/h).<ref>Reynolds, Barbara. ''Dorothy L. Sayers: her life and soul'', p. 162. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.</ref>

*1927: '''[[Isadora Duncan]]''', dancer, died of a broken neck when one of the long scarves she was known for caught on the wheel of a car in which she was a passenger.<ref>[http://www.newsroom.ucla.edu/page.asp?RelNum=6970 UCLA newsroom]</ref>

*1928: '''[[Alexander Bogdanov]]''', a Russian physician, died following one of his experiments, in which the blood of a student suffering from [[malaria]] and [[tuberculosis]], L. I. Koldomasov, was given to him in a transfusion.<ref>Bogdanov, Alexander (tr. & ed. Douglas W. Huestis). ''The Struggle for Viability: Collectivism Through Blood Exchange'', p. 7. Tinicum, Pennsylvania: Xlibris Corporation, 2002.</ref>

*1930: '''William Kogut''', an inmate on death row at [[San Quentin]], committed suicide with a pipe bomb created from several packs of playing cards and the hollow leg from his cot, which he heated with a kerosene heater. At the time, the ink in red playing cards contained [[nitrocellulose]], which is flammable and when wet can create an explosive mixture.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/kogut.asp Death by Playing Cards - Solitaire] at Snopes.com.</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencepunk.com/2007/09/the-ingenious-suicide-of-william-vogut/ The ingenious suicide of William Kogut] at SciencePunk.com, September 10, 2007.</ref>

*1932: '''[[Eben Byers]]''' died of [[radiation poisoning]] after having consumed large quantities of a popular patent medicine containing [[radium]].<ref>[http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/northside/nor_n106.html]</ref>

*1933: '''[[Michael Malloy]]''', a homeless man, was murdered by gassing after surviving multiple poisonings, intentional exposure, and being struck by a car. Malloy was murdered by five men in a plot to collect on [[life insurance]] policies they had purchased.<ref>{{cite book |last=Read |first=Simon |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Bizarre Killing of Michael Malloy |year=2005 |publisher=Penguin Book Group |location= |id= }}</ref>

*1935: Baseball player '''[[Len Koenecke]]''' was bludgeoned to death with a fire extinguisher by the crew of an aircraft he had chartered, after provoking a fight with the pilot while the plane was in the air.<ref>[http://www.thedeadballera.com/Obits/Koenecke.Len.Obit.html TheDeadballEra.com :: LEN KOENECKE'S OBIT]</ref>

*1939: Finnish actress '''[[Sirkka Sari]]''' died when she fell down a [[chimney]]. She was at a cast party celebrating the completion of a movie, her third and last. She mistook a chimney for a [[balcony]] and fell into a heating [[boiler]], dying instantly.<ref>http://koti.mbnet.fi/basil/nest/allmovies.txt</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsU_7bTkpNw YouTube - Sirkka Sarin kuolema]</ref>

*1941: '''[[Sherwood Anderson]]''', writer, swallowed a toothpick at a party and then died of [[peritonitis]].<ref>[http://athena.english.vt.edu/~appalach/writersA/anderson.html Virginia Tech article]</ref>

*1942: '''32 men''' died when the British cruiser [[HMS Trinidad (46)|'''HMS ''Trinidad''''']] accidentally [[torpedo]]ed itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4030.html|title=HMS Trinidad (46) - Light cruiser of the Fiji class}}</ref>

*1943: Critic '''[[Alexander Woollcott]]''' suffered a fatal heart attack during an on-air discussion about [[Adolf Hitler]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A662230 BBC]</ref>

*1944: Inventor and chemist '''[[Thomas Midgley, Jr.]]''' accidentally strangled himself with the cord of a [[pulley]]-operated mechanical bed of his own design.<ref>[[Bill Bryson|Bryson, Bill]]. ''[[A Short History of Nearly Everything]]''. (2003) Broadway Books, USA. ISBN 0-385-66004-9</ref>

*1945: Scientist '''[[Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.]]''' accidentally dropped a brick of [[tungsten carbide]] onto a sphere of [[plutonium]] while working on the [[Manhattan Project]]. This caused the plutonium to come to criticality; Daghlian died of radiation poisoning, becoming the first person to die in a [[criticality accident]].<ref>[http://www.mphpa.org/classic/FH/LA/Harry_Daghlian.htm Harry K. Daghlian - 1 of 1]</ref>

*1946: '''[[Louis Slotin]]''', chemist and physicist, died of radiation poisoning after being exposed to lethal amounts of ionizing radiation from the same core that killed [[Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.]]. He allowed the core to become fully shielded by a spherical beryllium reflector when the screwdriver he was using to separate the two halves of the shield slipped, causing the core to go critical. The sphere of plutonium was thereafter nicknamed the [[Demon core]].<ref>http://hhs55.com/slotin.html</ref>

*1947: '''[[Collyer brothers|The Collyer Brothers]]''', extreme cases of [[compulsive hoarding|compulsive hoarders]], were found dead in their home in New York. The younger brother, Langley, died by falling victim to a booby trap he had set up, causing a mountain of objects, books, and newspapers to fall on him crushing him to death. His blind brother, Homer, who had depended on Langley for care, died of starvation some days later.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-hermits-of-harlem-homer-and-langley-collyer.htm Biography of Hermits of Harlem Homer and Langley Collyer - Trivia-Library.com]</ref>

*1955: '''[[Margo Jones]]''', theater director, was killed by exposure to [[carbon tetrachloride]] fumes from her newly cleaned carpet.<ref>[http://www.margojones.org/aboutMargo/timeline.lasso Sweet Tornado: Margo Jones and the American Theater]</ref>

*1958: '''[[Gareth Jones (actor)|Gareth Jones]]''', actor, collapsed and died while in make-up between scenes of a live television play, ''Underground'', at the studios of [[Associated British Corporation]] in [[Manchester]]. Director [[Ted Kotcheff]] continued the play to its conclusion, improvising around Jones' absence.<ref>{{imdb name|0428099|Gareth Jones}}</ref>

*1959: In the '''[[Dyatlov Pass incident]]''', nine ski hikers in the Ural Mountains abandoned their camp in the middle of the night, some clad only in their underwear despite sub-zero weather. Six died of hypothermia and three by unexplained injuries. The corpses showed no signs of struggle, but one had a fatal skull fracture, two had major chest fractures, and one was missing her tongue. Soviet investigators determined only that "a compelling unknown force" had caused the deaths, barring entry to the area for years.<ref>[http://www.sptimes.ru/story/25093 Mysterious Deaths of 9 Skiers Still Unresolved] Svetlana Osadchuk (February 19, 2008). St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2010-02-09.</ref>

*1960: In the '''[[Nedelin disaster]]''', over 100 Soviet rocket technicians and officials died when a switch was turned on unintentionally igniting the rocket. The dead included Red Army Marshal Nedelin who was seated in a deck chair just 40 meters away overseeing launch preparations. The events were filmed by automatic cameras.<ref>[http://www.russianspaceweb.com/r16_disaster.html Nedelin disaster]</ref>

*1960: '''[[Inejiro Asanuma]]''', 61, the head of the [[Japanese Socialist Party]], was stabbed to death with a [[wakizashi]] sword by extreme rightist [[Otoya Yamaguchi]] during a televised political rally. Yamaguchi was immediately arrested and later committed suicide.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,711952,00.html Assassin's Apologies], ''Time'' magazine, 14 November 1960.</ref>

*1961: '''[[Valentin Bondarenko]]''', a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[cosmonaut]] trainee, died from shock after suffering [[third-degree burn]]s over much of his body due to a flash fire in the pure oxygen environment of a training simulator. This incident was not revealed outside of the Soviet Union until the 1980s.<ref>Oberg, James, ''Uncovering Soviet Disasters'', [http://www.jamesoberg.com/usd10.html Chapter 10: Dead Cosmonauts], pp 156-176, Random house, New York, 1988, retrieved 8 January 2008</ref>

*1963: '''[[Thích Quảng Đức]]''', a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, sat down in the middle of a busy intersection in [[Saigon]], covered himself in gasoline, and lit himself on fire, [[Self-immolation|burning himself to death]]. Đức was protesting President [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Ngô Đình Diệm's]] administration for oppressing the [[Buddhist]] religion.<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Thich%2520Quang%2520Duc Thich Quang Duc@Everything2.com]</ref>

*1966: '''Worth Bingham''', son of [[Barry Bingham, Sr.]], died when a surfboard, lying atop the back of his convertible, hit a parked car, swung around, and broke his neck.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/04/business/media/04bingham.html?pagewanted=2&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/M/McFadden,%20Robert%20D.%20Jr.
|title=Barry Bingham Jr., Louisville Publisher, Is Dead at 72
|author=
|publisher=The New York Times
|date=4 April 2006
| first=Robert D.
| last=McFadden
| accessdate=2010-05-11
}}</ref>

* 1966: Skydiver '''[[Nick Piantanida]]''' died from the effects of [[uncontrolled decompression]] four months after an attempt to break the world record for the highest parachute jump. During his third attempt, his face mask came loose (or he possibly opened it by mistake), causing loss of air pressure and irreversible brain damage.<ref>{{cite book |title=Magnificent Failure: Free Fall from the Edge of Space |last1=Ryan |first1=Craig |publisher=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum Press |year=2003| isbn=9781588341419 |oclc=51059086 }}</ref> <ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/article687679.ece Dive Hard], [[The Globe and Mail]], May 25, 2008</ref>

*1967: '''[[Gus Grissom]]''', '''[[Edward Higgins White|Ed White]]''', and '''[[Roger B. Chaffee]]''', NASA astronauts, died when a flash fire began in their pure oxygen environment during a training exercise inside the unlaunched [[Apollo 1]] spacecraft. The spacecraft's escape hatch could not be opened during the fire because it was designed to seal shut under pressure.<ref>[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/grissom-vi.html Astronaut Bio: Virgil I. Grissom]</ref>

*1967: Cosmonaut '''[[Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov|Vladimir Komarov]]''' became the first person to die during a space mission after the parachute of [[Soyuz 1|his capsule]] failed to deploy following re-entry.<ref>[http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/04/dayintech_0424 24 April 1967: Last Day in the Life of Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov]</ref>

*1970: '''[[Yukio Mishima]]''', award-winning Japanese playwright and novelist, committed [[seppuku]] after failing to inspire a [[coup d'état]] at the headquarters of the [[Japanese Self-Defence Forces]] in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Ross
| first = Christopher
| title = Mishima's Sword: In Search of a Samurai Legend
| publisher = Harper Perennial
| year=2006
| location = London
| pages = 234–238
}}</ref>

*1971: '''[[Jerome Irving Rodale]]''', an American pioneer of [[organic farming]], died of a heart attack while being interviewed on ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]''. According to urban legend, when he appeared to fall asleep, Cavett quipped "Are we boring you, Mr. Rodale?".<ref>http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/onstage.htm</ref> Cavett says this is incorrect; the initial response was fellow guest [[Pete Hamill]] saying in a low voice to Cavett, "This looks bad."<ref>http://donkeyod.wordpress.com/2007/05/04/when-that-guy-died-on-my-show/ Reprint of NYT article by Cavett</ref> The show was never broadcast.

*1972: '''[[Leslie Harvey]]''', guitarist of [[Stone the Crows]], was electrocuted on stage by a live microphone.<ref>[http://elvispelvis.com/electrocuted.htm Electrocuted Page in Fuller Up, Dead Musician Directory]</ref>

*1974: '''Basil Brown''', a 48-year-old health food advocate from [[Croydon]], drank himself to death with [[carrot juice]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yLQsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jAoEAAAAIBAJ&dq=unusual-death&pg=6515%2C4463628 | work=Star-News | location:Wilmington, NC |title=Unusual death | date=1974-02-20 | accessdate=2010-06-12| page=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Staub |first=Jack E.|title=Alluring Lettuces: And Other Seductive Vegetables for Your Garden |year=2005 |publisher=Gibbs Smith|location=Layton, Utah |isbn=1-42360-829-1|oclc=435711200 |page=230 |chapter=74. Yellowstone Carrot: Daucus carota savicus|chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=qbMz7YrTBMEC&lpg=PA230&ots=zu1Pef9qdF&dq=bl&pg=PA230#v=onepage&q=%22Basil%20Brown%22&f=false}}</ref>

*1974: '''[[Christine Chubbuck]]''', an American television news reporter, committed suicide during a live broadcast on July 15. At 9:38 am, 8 minutes into her talk show, on WXLT-TV in [[Sarasota, Florida]], she drew out a revolver and shot herself in the head.<ref name="dietz">Dietz, Jon. "On-Air Shot Kills TV Personality", ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'', 16 July 1974.</ref>

*1974: '''Deborah Gail Stone''', 18, an employee at [[Disneyland Park|Disneyland]] in [[Anaheim, California]], was crushed to death between a moving wall and a stationary wall inside of the revolving [[America Sings]] attraction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mouseplanet.com/david/dk040708.htm |title=Why we'll never forget the tragedy of 30 years ago today |accessdate=2007-07-24 |last=Koenig |first=David |work=MousePlanet }}</ref>

*1975: '''[[Bandō Mitsugorō VIII]]''', a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] kabuki actor, died of severe poisoning when he ate four [[fugu]] livers (also known as pufferfish). The liver is considered one of the most poisonous parts of the fish, but Mitsugorō claimed to be immune to the poison. The fugu chef felt he could not refuse Mitsugorō and lost his license as a result.<ref>[http://kabuki21.com/mitsugoro8.php Bandô Mitsugorô Viii]</ref>

*1976: '''[[Keith Relf]]''', former singer for British [[rhythm and blues]] band [[The Yardbirds]], died while practicing his electric guitar. He was electrocuted because the amplifier was not properly grounded.<ref>[http://www.elvispelvis.com/electrocuted.htm Electrocuted Page in Fuller Up, Dead Musician Directory]</ref>

*1977: '''[[Tom Pryce]]''', a ([[Formula One]] driver) at the [[1977 South African Grand Prix]] was killed when he was struck in the face by the marshal's fire extinguisher. The fire marshal was running across the track when he was struck by Pryce's car.<ref name="Tom Pryce death">{{cite book |last=Tremayne |first= David|authorlink=David Tremayne |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=The Lost Generation |origdate= |origyear= 2006|url= |format= |accessdate=2007-01-05 |edition= |date= |year= 2006 |month=August|publisher= Haynes Publishing|location= |isbn=1-84425-205-1 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 19 - A Moment Of Desperate Sadness|chapterurl= |quote=}}</ref>

*1978: '''[[Georgi Markov]]''', a [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] dissident, was assassinated in London with a specially [[Bulgarian umbrella|modified umbrella]] that fired a metal pellet with a small cavity full of [[ricin]] into his calf.

*1978: '''[[Janet Parker]]''', a British medical photographer, died of [[smallpox]] in 1978, ten months after the disease was eradicated in the wild, when a researcher at the laboratory Parker worked at accidentally released some virus into the air of the building. She is believed to be the last smallpox fatality in history.<ref>[http://www.qmul.ac.uk/news/newsrelease.php?news_id=18 Twenty five years on: Smallpox revisited Queen Mary, University of London]</ref>

*1978: '''[[Kurt Gödel]]''', the Austrian/American mathematician, died of starvation when his wife was hospitalized. Gödel suffered from extreme paranoia and refused to eat food prepared by anyone else. He was 65 pounds (approx. 30 kg) when he died. His death certificate reported that he died of "malnutrition and [[inanition]] caused by personality disturbance" in Princeton Hospital on January 14, 1978.<ref>Toates, Frederick; Olga Coschug Toates (2002). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Practical Tried-and-Tested Strategies to Overcome OCD. Class Publishing, 221. ISBN 978-1859590690.</ref>

*1979: '''[[Robert Williams (robot fatality)|Robert Williams]]''', a worker at a Ford Motor Co. plant, was the first known human to be killed by a robot,<ref name="rlid">Robot firm liable in death, Tim Kiska, ''The Oregonian'', 11 August 1983. See [http://fusionanomaly.net/threelawsofrobotics.html ROBOT FIRM LIABLE IN DEATH].</ref> after the arm of a one-ton factory robot hit him in the head..<ref name="a">{{cite news|last=Kiska|first=Tim|title=Death on the job: Jury awards $10 million to heirs of man killed by robot at auto plant |pages=A10|publisher=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=1983-08-11|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/PI/lib00187,0EB295F7D995F801.html |accessdate=2007-09-11}}</ref>

*1979: '''John Bowen''', a 20-year-old of [[Nashua, New Hampshire]] was attending a halftime show at a [[New York Jets]] football game at [[Shea Stadium]] on December 9, 1979. During an event which featured custom-made remote control flying machines, a 40-pound model plane shaped like a lawnmower accidentally dived into the stands, striking Bowen and another spectator and causing severe head injuries. While the other spectator survived, Bowen died in hospital four days later.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/lawnmower.asp Flying Lawnmower Death - Grim Reaper] at snopes.com. (contains additional references).</ref><ref>[http://www.courant.com/ny-spsmain28112329894sep28,0,3404154.story It was a grand stage for excitement] by Joe Gergen, Hartford Courant, September 28, 2008.</ref>

*1980: '''James Frederick Polley''', a 23-year-old, from [[Raytown, Missouri]] died while riding the [[Fire In The Hole (Silver Dollar City)|Fire In The Hole]] ride in [[Branson, Missouri]], at [[Silver Dollar City]] [[theme park]]. The train of cars he was riding in was mistakenly switched to enter the maintenance and storage area of the ride. The door to the maintenance area had a low hanging bay door and his head got caught between the door and the train.<ref>http://www.sdcfans.com/usrArt-entry.php?id=1</ref>

*1981: '''David Allen Kirwan''' a 24-year-old, died after attempting to rescue a friend's dog from the 200°F (93°C) water in Celestine Pool, a hot spring at [[Yellowstone National Park]] on July 20, 1981. Kirwan suffered third-degree burns over 100% of his body and died the next morning at a Salt Lake City hospital. Kirwan is the only known case of someone dying after deliberately jumping into one of the park's hot springs.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/hotspring.asp Hot Springs Death - Help Springs Eternal] at Snopes.com</ref><ref>Lee Whittlesey, ''Death in Yellowstone: Accidents and Foolhardiness in the First National Park''. Boulder, Colo. : Roberts Rinehart Publishers, ©1995.</ref>

*1981: American photographer '''[[Carl McCunn]]''' paid a bush pilot to drop him at a remote lake near the Coleen River in [[Alaska]] in March to photograph wildlife, but failed to confirm arrangements for the pilot to pick him up again in August. Rather than starve, McCunn shot himself in the head. His body was found in February 1982.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEED61638F93AA25751C1A964948260&sec=health&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|title=LEFT IN WILDS, MAN PENNED DYING RECORD|date=December 19, 1982|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=2008-11-23}}</ref>

*1981: '''[[Boris Sagal]]''', a film director, died while shooting the TV miniseries ''[[World War III (TV miniseries)|World War III]]'' when he walked into the tail rotor blade of a [[helicopter]] and was [[decapitated]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40911FE3E5C0C778EDDAC0894D9484D81 | work=The New York Times | title=Boris Sagal, 58, Movie Director, Dies After A Helicopter Accident | date=1981-05-24 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>

*1981: '''Jeff Dailey''', a 19-year-old gamer, became the first known person to die while playing video games. After achieving a score of 16,660 in the arcade game [[Berzerk]], he succumbed to a massive heart attack. A year later, an 18-year-old gamer died after achieving high scores in the same game.<ref>[http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=236 berzerk, video game at arcade-history]</ref>

*1981: '''[[Kenji Urada]]''', a Japanese factory worker was killed by a malfunctioning robot he was working on at a [[Kawasaki]] plant in Japan. The robot's arm pushed him into a grinding machine, killing him.<ref name="a">[http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7001829 Trust me, I'm a robot], ''The Economist'', June 8, 2006; accessed online 6-III-2007.</ref>

*1981: '''Paul Gauci''', a Maltese 41-year old man, died after welding a [[butterfly bomb]] to a metal pipe and using it as a mallet, thinking it was a harmless can.<ref>[http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20091029/local/boy-finds-lethal-wwii-bomb-in-qormi-valley Boy finds lethal WWII bomb in Qormi valley], ''Times of Malta'', October 29, 2009.</ref>

*1982: '''[[Vic Morrow]]''', actor, was [[decapitation|decapitated]] by a helicopter blade during filming of ''[[Twilight Zone: The Movie]]''. Two child actors, '''Myca Dinh Le''' (who was decapitated) and '''Renee Shin-Yi Chen''' (who was crushed), also died.<ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/not_guilty/twilight_zone/1.html The Twilight Zone Tragedy - Crime Library on truTV.com]</ref>

*1982: '''[[Vladimir Smirnov (fencer)|Vladimir Smirnov]]''', an [[1980 Summer Olympics|Olympic champion]] [[Fencing (sport)|fencer]], died of brain damage nine days after his opponent's [[Foil (sword)|foil]] snapped during a match, penetrated his mask, pierced his eyeball and entered his brain.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925598,00.html | work=Time | title=Milestones: Aug. 2, 1982 | date=1982-08-02 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>

*1982: '''David Grundman''' was killed near [[Lake Pleasant Regional Park|Lake Pleasant]], [[Arizona]] while shooting at cacti with his shotgun. After firing several shots at a 26 ft (8m) tall [[Saguaro Cactus]] from extremely close range, a 4 ft limb of the Cactus that was weakened by the gunfire detached and fell on him, crushing him.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/saguaro.asp Cactus Courageous - Death by Saguaro] at Snopes.com.</ref><ref>[http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/content/printVersion/160293 When Cactus and Civilization collide - Trifling with Saguaros can be Hazardous to one's Health] by Dave Walker, Phoenix New Times News, March 3, 1993 (retrieved on May 19, 2009).</ref>

*1983: '''Four divers and a tender''' were killed on the [[Byford Dolphin]] semi-submersible, when a decompression chamber [[Explosive decompression|explosively decompressed]] from 9 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]] to 1 atm in a fraction of a second. The diver nearest the chamber opening literally exploded just before his remains were ejected through a 24 in (60 cm) opening. The other divers' remains showed signs of boiled blood, unusually strong [[rigor mortis]], large amounts of gas in the blood vessels, and scattered hemorrhages in the soft tissues.<ref>Giertsen, J.C. et al., "An Explosive Decompression Accident", The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 9(2):91-101, 1988.</ref>

*1983: '''[[Sergei Chalibashvili]]''', a professional diver, died after a diving accident during the [[1983 Summer Universiade]] in [[Edmonton, Alberta]], Canada. When he attempted a three-and-a-half reverse somersault in the tuck position from the ten meter platform, he smashed his head on the platform and was knocked unconscious. He died after being in a coma for a week.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954031,00.html?promoid=googlep | work=Time | title=Milestones: Jul. 25, 1983 | date=1983-07-25 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>

*1983: American author '''[[Tennessee Williams]]''' died when he choked on an eyedrop bottle cap in his room at the Hotel Elysee in New York. He would routinely place the cap in his mouth, lean back, and place his eyedrops in each eye. Williams' lack of gag response may have been due to the effects of drugs and alcohol abuse, and it is highly likely that Williams was high when the cap ended up in his throat as drugs and alcohol were found in his room and inside his body. There is speculation that he committed suicide or was murdered (even his brother Walter Dakin alleged this), but nothing has been conclusively proven.<ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB35B891D6D7E0F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Search Results]</ref>

*1983: '''[[Jimmy Lee Gray]]''', a man executed in Mississippi's [[gas chamber]], died bashing his head against a metal pole behind the chair that he was strapped into. The poisonous gas had failed to kill him but left him in agony and gasping for eight minutes. It was later determined that the executioner was drunk.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/reportsfromabroad/macdonald/20071107.html "Might we make executions more civilized, please?"] from [[CBC News]]</ref>

*1984:'''[[Tommy Cooper]]''', British slapstick comedian, died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] while performing at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] in London, live on national television. The audience continued to laugh as he lay collapsed on the stage, thinking it was part of the act. Following the principle that the show must go on, his body was left on the stage, hastily curtained off, and while attempts were made to revive him the other actors continued the act on the small part of the set which remained.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

*1984: '''[[Jon-Erik Hexum]]''', an American television actor, died after he shot himself in the head with a prop gun during a break in filming, playing [[Russian Roulette]] using a revolver loaded with a single blank cartridge.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/18/us/wounding-of-actor-on-coast-is-laid-to-russian-roulette.html</ref>

*1986: Over 1,700 were killed after a '''[[limnic eruption]]''' from [[Lake Nyos]] in [[Cameroon]], released approximately 100 million cubic meters of [[carbon dioxide]] that quickly descended the lake and killed oxygen dependent life within 15-mile (25 kilometer) radius, including three villages. The same phenomenon is also blamed on the deaths of 37 near [[Lake Monoun]] in 1984.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/21/newsid_3380000/3380803.stm|title=21 August: 1986: Hundreds gassed in Cameroon lake disaster|publisher=[[BBC]]|author=BBC contributors|accessdate=May 20, 2009 | date=1986-08-21}}</ref>

*1987: '''[[Budd Dwyer]]''', the State Treasurer of Pennsylvania, committed suicide during a televised press conference in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]]. Facing a potential 55-year jail sentence for alleged involvement in a [[Conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]], Dwyer shot himself in the mouth with a revolver.<ref name="nytimes.1987">{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFDF1638F930A15752C0A961948260 | title=OFFICIAL CALLS IN PRESS AND KILLS HIMSELF | last=Stevens | first=William K. | date=January 23, 1987 | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref>

*1987: '''Franco Brun''', a 22-year-old prisoner at [[Toronto East Detention Centre]], in Toronto, Ontario, died after attempting to swallow and choking on a 6.35 [[centimeter|cm]]. (2.5 [[inch]]es) by 10 cm. (4 inches) by 1.27 centimetres (half an inch) [[Gideon's Bible]]. Brun reportedly had mental deficiencies and as such, the coroner did not label his death as suicide, believing that "the swallowing of the Bible to him was some form of symbolism or allegory as though he was trying to purge himself of the devil by consuming religion". He was only serving a 15-day sentence.<ref>[http://www.aintnowaytogo.com/bibleEat.htm Aint No Way To Go: Food for thought]</ref>

*1988: '''C.B. Lansing''' on [[Aloha Airlines Flight 243]], flight attendant, was sucked out of an airliner when the bulkhead tore off in mid flight.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

*1991: '''Edward Juchniewicz''', a 76-year-old man, was killed when the ambulance stretcher he was strapped to rolled down a grade and overturned. The ambulance attendants, while speaking to a doctor's staff, had left the stretcher unattended. Juchniewicz suffered a head injury and died a short time later.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/medical/emergent/gurney.asp The Runaway Gurney] at Snopes.com.</ref>

*1992: American survivalist '''[[Christopher McCandless]]''' died of starvation near [[Denali National Park]] after a few months trying to live off the land in the Alaskan wilderness. His life and death were researched by [[Jon Krakauer]], who then wrote the book [[Into the Wild]] which was later turned into a [[Into the Wild (film)|movie]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

*1993: Actor '''[[Brandon Lee]]''', son of [[Bruce Lee]], was shot and killed by [[Michael Massee]] using a prop gun while filming the movie ''[[The Crow (film)|The Crow]]''. A cartridge with only a primer and a bullet was fired in the pistol before the fatal scene; this caused a [[squib load]], in which the primer provided enough force to push the bullet out of the cartridge and into the barrel of the revolver, where it became stuck. The malfunction went unnoticed by the crew, and the same gun was used again later to shoot the death scene. His death was not instantly recognized by the crew or other actors; they believed he was still acting.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/movies/actors/brandonlee.asp snopes.com: Brandon Lee's Death in 'The Crow']</ref>

*1993: '''[[Garry Hoy]]''', a 38-year old lawyer and a senior partner at the Holden Day Wilson Law firm in [[Toronto, Canada]], fell to his death on July 9, 1993, after he threw himself against a window on the 24th floor of the [[Toronto-Dominion Centre]] in an attempt to prove to a group of visiting law students that the glass was "unbreakable." His first attempt failed to damage the glass at all. On his second attempt the glass still didn't break, but popped out of the window frame, and he fell over 300 feet to his death.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/window.asp Window Test Death - Through a Glass, Quickly] at Snopes.com</ref><ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070315.RGOODMAN15/TPStory/? Goodman and Carr falls prey to rivals] by Jacquie McNish, The Globe and Mail, March 15, 2007.</ref>

*1993: '''Michael A. Shingledecker Jr.''' was killed almost instantly when he and a friend were struck by a pickup truck while lying flat on the yellow dividing line of a two-lane highway in [[Polk, Pennsylvania]]. They were copying a daredevil stunt from the movie ''[[The Program]]''. Marco Birkhimer died of a similar accident while performing the same stunt in Route 206 of [[Bordentown, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED7123AF93AA25753C1A965958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink | work=The New York Times | title=Not Like the Movie: A Dare Leads to Death | date=1993-10-19 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>

*1994: '''[[Gloria Ramirez]]''' was admitted to [[Riverside County Regional Medical Center|Riverside General Hospital]], in [[Riverside, California]], for complications of advanced cervical cancer. Before she died, her caregivers claimed that Ramirez's body mysteriously emitted toxic fumes that made several emergency room workers very ill. She was dubbed the "toxic lady" by the media.<ref>[http://discovermagazine.com/1995/apr/analysisofatoxic493 Analysis of a Toxic Death | Cancer | DISCOVER Magazine]</ref>

*1995: A '''39 year old man''' committed suicide in Canberra, Australia by shooting himself [[Multiple gunshot suicide|three times]] with a pump action shotgun. The first shot passed through his chest and went out the other side. He reloaded and shot away his throat and part of his jaw. Breathing through the wound in his throat, he again reloaded, held the gun against his chest with his hands and operated the trigger with his toes. This shot entered the thoracic cavity and demolished the heart, killing him.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Herdson PB |title=Shotgun suicide with a difference |journal=Med J Aust. |volume=173 |issue=11-12 |pages=604–5 |year=2000 |pmid=11379504 |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/173_11_041200/herdson/herdson.html}}</ref>

*1995: A 14 year old girl, '''Ryan Bielby''', fell 25 feet to her death while trying to exchange seats with a friend on the rollercoaster the [[Timber Wolf (roller coaster)|Timber Wolf]] at [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City's]] [[Worlds of Fun]] [[amusement park]]. <ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4179/is_19990718/ai_n11726000/</ref><ref>http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1347&dat=19950702&id=JfkSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Df0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6754,582695</ref>

*1996: '''[[Sharon Lopatka]]''', an Internet entrepreneur from [[Maryland]], allegedly solicited a man via the Internet to torture and kill her for the purpose of sexual gratification. Her killer, Robert Fredrick Glass, was convicted of voluntary manslaughter for the homicide.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

*1998: '''[[Tom and Eileen Lonergan]]''' were stranded while scuba diving with a group of divers off Australia's [[Great Barrier Reef]]. The group's boat accidentally abandoned them owing to an incorrect head count taken by the dive boat crew. Their bodies were never recovered. The incident inspired the film ''[[Open Water (film)|Open Water]]'' and an episode of ''[[20/20]]''.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/04/1091557908320.html "A mystery resurfaces"], ''The Age'', 7 August 2004</ref>

*1998: '''Every player on the Basanga soccer team''' at a game in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] between Bena Tshadi and visitors Basanga was struck by a fork bolt of lightning, killing them all instantly, but nobody on the opposing team was struck by the bolt.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/203137.stm | work=BBC News | title=Lightning kills football team | date=1998-10-28 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>

*1999: '''[[Owen Hart]]''', a Canadian-born professional wrestler for [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]], died during a pay-per-view event when performing a stunt. It was planned to have Owen come down from the rafters of the [[Kemper Arena]] on a safety harness tied to a rope to make his ring entrance. The safety latch was released and Owen dropped 78 feet (24 m), bouncing chest-first off the top rope resulting in a severed [[aorta]], which caused his lungs to fill with blood.<ref>[http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9542223 Owen Hart Biography - Biography.com]</ref>

===21st century===
*2000: Airline passenger '''[[Jonathan Burton]]''' stormed the cockpit door of a Southwest Airlines flight from Las Vegas to Salt Lake City. The 19-year-old was knocked over and pinned by eight other passengers with such force that he died of [[asphyxiation]].<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE2DE1F3BF930A1575AC0A9669C8B63 Janofsky, Michael. "Neighbors' Gentler View of Man Killed on Plane", ''The New York Times'', 23 September 2000.]</ref>

*2001: '''Bernd-Jürgen Brandes''' from Germany was voluntarily stabbed repeatedly and then partly eaten by [[Armin Meiwes]] (who was later called the Cannibal of Rotenburg). Brandes had answered an internet advertisement by Meiwes looking for someone for this purpose. Brandes explicitly stated in his will that he wished to be killed and eaten.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4752797.stm "German cannibal guilty of murder"], ''BBC News'', 9 May 2006</ref>

*2001: '''Gregory Biggs''', a homeless man in [[Fort Worth, Texas]], was struck by a car being driven by [[Chante Jawan Mallard]], who had been drinking and taking drugs that night. Biggs' torso became lodged in Mallard's windshield with severe but not immediately fatal injuries. Mallard drove home and left the car in her garage with Biggs still lodged in her car's windshield. She repeatedly visited Biggs and even apologized for hitting him. Biggs died of his injuries several hours later.<ref>[http://www.courttv.com/trials/mallard/background.html Woman faced murder trial after leaving accident victim in her car], CourtTV.com, 6 January 2005.</ref> Chante Mallard was tried and convicted for murder in this case and received a 50-year prison sentence. The film ''[[Stuck (2007 film)|Stuck]]'' and an episode of "[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]" are loosely based on this unusual death.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/orl-stuckreview-story,0,2389707.story|title='Stuck' is an attempt at getting cheap laughs|last=Moore|first=Roger|date=2008-07-13|publisher=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=2008-12-27}}</ref>

*2001: '''Michael Colombini''', a 6-year-old from [[Croton-on-Hudson]], New York, was struck and killed, at Westchester Regional Medical Center, by a 6.5-pound metal [[oxygen tank]] when it was pulled into the [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) machine while he underwent a test. He began to experience breathing difficulties while in the MRI and when a technician brought a portable oxygen canister into the magnetic field, it was pulled from his hands and struck the boy in the head.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/22/nyregion/hospital-details-failures-leading-to-mri-fatality.html Hospital Details Failures Leading To MRI Fatality]</ref><ref>[http://www.mri-planning.com/articles/2005_newsletter/0508_four_years_after.html MRI Newsletter: Four Years After The Tragedy].</ref>

*2002: '''[[Brittanie Cecil]]''', an American 13-year-old hockey fan, died two days after being struck in the head by a [[hockey puck]] shot by [[Espen Knutsen]] at a game in [[Columbus, Ohio]].<ref>[http://static.espn.go.com/nhl/news/2002/0319/1354060.html "Girl dies after getting hit by puck at NHL game"], ''ESPN.com'', 20 May 2002</ref>

*2003: '''[[Brian Douglas Wells]]''', a [[pizza delivery]] man in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]], was killed by a time bomb that was fastened around his neck. He was apprehended by the police after robbing a bank, and claimed he had been forced to do it by three people who had put the bomb around his neck and would kill him if he refused. The bomb later exploded, killing him. In 2007, police alleged Wells was involved in the robbery plot along with two other conspirators.<ref>{{cite news| last=Nephin| first=Dan| title=Indictment: Bomb Victim in on Bank Plot| publisher=Associated Press| date=2007-07-12| url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007Jul12/0,4670,BankRobberyExplosion,00.html| accessdate=2008-07-21}}</ref>

*2003: '''Dr. Hitoshi Christopher Nikaidoh''', a surgeon, was decapitated as he stepped on to an [[elevator]] at Christus St. Joseph Hospital in [[Houston, Texas]] on August 16, 2003. According to a witness inside the elevator, the elevator doors closed as Nikaidoh entered, trapping his head inside the elevator with the remainder of his body still outside. His body was later found at the bottom of the elevator shaft while the upper portion of his head, severed just above the lower jaw, was found in the elevator. A subsequent investigation revealed that improper electrical wiring installed by a maintenance company several days earlier had effectively bypassed all of the elevator's safeguards, and thus enabling it to move under any circumstances.<ref>Click2Houston.'' [http://www.click2houston.com/news/2412223/detail.html Doctor Decapitated In Elevator Accident] 18 August 2003</ref><ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/elevator.asp Elevator Decapitation - Lift and Separate] at Snopes.com.</ref><ref>[http://www.houstonpress.com/2003-10-09/news/catching-elevators/ Catching Elevators] by Wendy Grossman, ''Houston Press'', October 9, 2003.</ref><ref>[http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2003_3680854 Doctor decapitated by malfunctioning elevator at hospital] by Peggy O'Hare, Jo Ann Zuniga, Stephanie Weintraub, Houston Chronicle, Section A, Page 1, 4 STAR Edition, August 17, 2003.</ref>

*2003: '''[[Timothy Treadwell]]''', an American [[environmentalist]] who had lived in the wilderness among bears for thirteen summers in a remote region in [[Alaska]], and his girlfriend '''Amie Huguenard''' were killed and partially consumed by a bear. An audio recording of their deaths was captured on a video camera which had been turned on at the beginning of the incident. [[Werner Herzog]]'s [[documentary film]], ''[[Grizzly Man]]'', discusses Treadwell and his death.<ref>Medred, Craig.''[http://www.adn.com/front/story/4110831p-4127072c.html Wildlife author killed, eaten by bears he loved]''. ''[[Anchorage Daily News]]''. 8 October 2003. Retrieved 4 September 2006.</ref>

*2004: '''Phillip Quinn''', a 24-year-old from [[Kent, Washington]] was killed during an attempt to heat up a [[lava lamp]] bulb on his kitchen stove while observing it from a few feet away. The heat built up pressure in the [[Exploding light bulb|bulb until it exploded]], spraying shards of glass. One pierced his heart, killing him.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/lavalamp.asp Lava Lamp Death] at Snopes.com.</ref> The circumstances of his death were later repeated and confirmed in a [[MythBusters_(2006_season)#Episode_60_.E2.80.93_.22Earthquake_Machine.22|2006 episode]] of the popular science television series [[MythBusters]].<ref>Mytbusters, Seasion 4, episode 60: Earthquake Machine</ref>

*2004: '''Ronald McClagish''' died after being trapped inside a cupboard for a week. A wardrobe in the bedroom outside had fallen over, trapping him inside. In an effort to free himself, McClagish accidentally wrenched a water pipe from the wall and the water gushing from the pipe eventually caused his death from bronchitis. His body was not discovered until two weeks later.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cambridgeshire/4483137.stm Call For New Cupboard Death Probe] from BBC News</ref>

*2005: '''[[Kenneth Pinyan|Kenneth "Mr. Hands" Pinyan]]''' of [[Gig Harbor, Washington]] died of acute [[peritonitis]] after seeking out and receiving anal intercourse from a stallion, an act he had engaged in previously on numerous occasions without injury. Pinyan delayed his visit to the hospital for several hours out of reluctance to explain the circumstances of his injury to doctors. The case led to the criminalization of [[zoophilia|bestiality]] in [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington state]].<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002569751_horsesex19m.html "Trespassing charged in horse-sex case"] ''The Seattle Times''</ref> His story was recounted in the [[Sundance Film Festival|award winning]] 2007 documentary film ''[[Zoo (film)|Zoo]]''.

*2005: '''[[Lee Seung Seop]]''', a 28-year-old South Korean, collapsed of fatigue and died after playing the videogame ''[[StarCraft]]'' online for almost 50 consecutive hours in an Internet cafe.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-1729573,00.html "Korean drops dead after 50-hour gaming marathon"], ''Times Online'', 10 August 2005</ref>

*2006: '''Erika Tomanu''', a seven-year-old girl in [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]], Japan, died when she was sucked 10 metres down the intake pipe of a current pool at a water park. The grille that was meant to cover the inlet came off, yet lifeguards at the pool at the time deemed it safe after issuing a verbal warning to swimmers. It took rescuers more than six hours to remove Tomanu by digging through concrete to access the pipe.<ref>http://www.japantimes.co.jp/weekly/news/nn2006/nn20060805a1.htm Girl sucked into intake at city-run pool</ref>

*2006: '''[[Steve Irwin]]''', an Australian television personality and naturalist known as [[the Crocodile Hunter]], died when his heart was impaled by a [[short-tail stingray]] barb while filming a documentary entitled "Ocean's Deadliest" in [[Queensland]]'s [[Great Barrier Reef]].<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/09/04/australia.irwin/index.html CNN Reports: 'Crocodile Hunter' dead], September 4, 2006</ref>

*2006: '''[[Alexander Litvinenko]]''', a former officer of the [[Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|Russian State security service]], and later a Russian dissident and writer, died after being poisoned with [[Polonium|polonium-210]] causing [[radiation poisoning|acute radiation syndrome]]. He is the first known case of deliberate poisoning in this manner. {{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

*2007: '''[[Water intoxication#Notable cases|Jennifer Strange]]''', a 28-year-old woman from [[Sacramento]], died of [[water intoxication]] while trying to win a [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]] console in a [[KDND]] 107.9 "The End" radio station's "Hold Your Wee for a Wii" contest, which involved drinking large quantities of water without urinating.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-water14jan14,1,1368543.story?coll=la-headlines-pe-california "Woman dies after being in water-drinking contest"], ''The Los Angeles Times'', 14 January 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.knbc.com/news/10761800/detail.html "Woman's Death After Water-Drinking Contest Investigated"] ''KNBC.com'', 16 January 2007</ref>

*2007: '''Humberto Hernandez''', a 24-year-old [[Oakland, California]] resident, was killed from being struck in the face by an airborne fire hydrant while walking on a sidewalk; a passing car blew a tire and swerved onto the sidewalk, striking the fire hydrant. The force of the water pressure shot the 200-pound hydrant at Hernandez with enough force to kill him.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/hydrant.asp Fire Hydrant Death - Fire Plugged] at Snopes.com.</ref><ref>[http://cbs5.com/local/Humberto.Hernandez.fire.2.456707.html Oakland Man Killed By Airborne Fire Hydrant], CBS5.com, June 22, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2007-06-23-fire-hydrant_N.htm Flying fire hydrant kills Calif. man], Associated Press (reprinted in USAToday), June 23, 2007.</ref>

*2007: '''[[Kevin Whitrick]]''', a 42-year-old man, committed suicide by hanging himself live on a webcam during an Internet chat session.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article1560877.ece |title=Get on with it, said net audience as man hanged himself on webcam |accessdate=2007-05-27 |last=Bale |first=Joanna |date=2007-03-24 |work=Times Online |publisher=Times Newspapers Ltd | location=London}}</ref>

*2007: '''[[Surinder Singh Bajwa]]''', the Deputy Mayor of [[Delhi, India]], was warding off several [[Rhesus Macaque]] monkeys at his home and fell from a first-floor balcony, suffering serious head injuries. He later died from his injuries.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Bajwa-succumbs-to-injuries/230828/ Bajwa succumbs to injuries]</ref>

*2007: '''[[Carol Gotbaum|Carol Anne Gotbaum]]''' died in police custody at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Police claim she asphyxiated herself with the chain that connected her handcuffs to the bench she had been chained to.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/stories/111207dntsw.27b8f16.html|title=Private doctor: Police negligent in airport death|publisher=The Dallas Morning News|date=November 12, 2007}}</ref>

*2008: '''[[Abigail Taylor]]''', age 6, died nine months after several of her internal organs were partially sucked out of her lower body while she sat on an excessively powerful swimming pool drain. After several months, surgeons replaced her intestines and pancreas with donor organs. Unfortunately, she later succumbed to a rare transplant-related cancer.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-03-21-3982361687_x.htm Girl, 6, Dies From Swimming Pool Injury] ''USA Today'', 21 March 2008</ref>

*2008: '''Gerald Mellin''', a U.K. businessman, committed suicide by tying one end of a rope around his neck and the other to a tree. He then hopped into his [[Aston Martin DB7]] and drove down a main road in [[Swansea]] until the rope [[decapitated]] him. He supposedly did this as an act of revenge against his ex-wife for leaving him.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1042676/Businessman-uses-Aston-Martin-decapitate-horrific-suicide-revenge-ex-wife.html Businessman uses Aston Martin to decapitate himself]''Mail Online'', 8 August 2008</ref>

*2008: '''David Phyall''', 58, the last resident in a block of flats due to be demolished in [[Bishopstoke]], near [[Southampton]], [[Hampshire]], United Kingdom, [[decapitated|cut his own head off]] with a [[chainsaw]] to highlight the injustice of being forced to move out.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/death-was-carefully-thought-through-suicide-1025503.html|title= Chainsaw death was 'carefully thought through suicide'|last=Halfpenny|first=Martin|date=19 November 2008|publisher=The Independent|accessdate=2008-11-22 | location=London}}</ref>

*2008: '''James Mason''', 73, of [[Chardon, Ohio]], died of heart failure after his wife exercised him to death in a public [[swimming pool]]. Christine Newton-John, 41, was seen on video tape pulling Mason around the pool and preventing him from getting out of the water 43 times.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/News/World/article/587759 Wife guilty of exercising husband to death], Toronto Star, 14 February 2009</ref>

*2008: '''Isaiah Otieno''', 20, a Kenyan student living in [[Cranbrook, British Columbia]], Canada, was killed when a [[Bell 206]] helicopter crashed on top of him as he walked along a residential street.<ref>[http://www.thewesternstar.com/index.cfm?sid=134605&sc=505 Helicopter crash in Cranbrook, B.C. kills four including pedestrian], [[The Western Star (Corner Brook)|The Western Star]], May 14, 2008</ref>

*2008: '''Nordin Montong''', 32, a janitor at the Singapore Zoo committed suicide by entering an enclosure containing white tigers and provoking them with brooms and a pail. Three of the tigers pounced on him, dragging him by the neck to the back of their enclosure. He was pronounced dead by paramedics at the scene.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/389571/1/.html Malaysian worker dies after being attacked by white tigers at zoo], Channel NewsAsia, 13 November 2008</ref>

*2009: '''Jonathan Campos''', a sailor charged with murder, killed himself in his Camp Pendleton, San Diego, California, cell by stuffing toilet paper in his mouth until he asphyxiated.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32253584/ns/us_news-military/ MSNBC: Sailor charged with murder commits suicide]</ref>

*2009: '''Diana Durre''', of [[Chambers, Nebraska]], died after a 75-foot (23 m) tall Taco Bell sign fell on top of the truck cab she was in. Strong winds caused the pole to break at a welded joint about 15 feet (4.5 m) above the ground.<ref>[http://www.northplattebulletin.com/index.asp?show=news&action=readStory&storyID=16446&pageID=3], North Platte Bulletin, 4 April 2009</ref>

*2009: '''Sergey Tuganov''', a 28-year-old Russian, bet two women that he could continuously have sex with them both for twelve hours. Several minutes after winning the $4,300 bet, he suffered a heart attack and died, apparently because of having ingested an entire bottle of [[Viagra]] just after accepting the bet.<ref>[http://www.mosnews.com/weird/2009/03/10/marathone/], Mosnews, March 10, 2009</ref>

*2009: '''[[Taylor Mitchell]]''', a Canadian [[Folk music|folk]] singer, was attacked and killed by two [[coyotes]],<ref name="CBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/nova-scotia/story/2009/10/28/ns-coyote-attack-died.html|title=Coyotes kill Toronto singer in Cape Breton|publisher=[[CBC.ca]]|date=2009-10-28|accessdate=2009-10-29}}</ref> only the second recorded human fatality from a coyote attack.<ref>''A History of Urban Coyote Problems'', Robert M. Tim & Rex O. Baker, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2007</ref>

*2009: '''Vladimir Likhonos''', a Ukrainian student, died after accidentally dipping a piece of homemade chewing gum into explosives he was using on another project. He mistook the jar of explosive for citric acid, which was also on his desk. The gum exploded, blowing off his jaw and most of the lower part of his face.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/exploding-bubble-gum-kills-student-1837673.html|title=Exploding bubble gum kills student|date=2009-12-10|publisher=The Independent|accessdate=22 March 2010 | location=London}}</ref>

*2009: '''Kim Sa-rang''', a 3-month-old Korean child, died from malnutrition and neglect after both her parents spent hours each day in an internet cafe raising a virtual child on an online game, [[Prius Online]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/05/28/south.korea.virtual.baby/|title=Jail for couple whose baby died while they raised online child|first=Andrew|last=Salmon|date=2009-5-28|publisher=CNN|accessdate=9 June 2010 | location=Seoul}}</ref>

*2010: '''Jenny Mitchell''', a 19-year-old English hairdresser, was killed when her car exploded after fumes, caused by chemicals mixing with [[hydrogen peroxide]] leaking from a bottle of hair bleach, ignited as she lit a cigarette.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/mar/25/peroxide-leak-hairdresser-car-death | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Peroxide leak suspected in hairdresser's car blast death | first=Steven | last=Morris | date=2010-03-25 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>

*2010: '''Muraka Jenny Vearncombe''', 42, while walking on a street in [[Townsville City, Queensland|Townsville, Australia]], was decapitated by a piece of steel pipe. A [[tractor]] pulling a commercial [[lawnmower]] had run over the pipe, fracturing it, sending pieces flying through the air.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/7358857/Australian-woman-decapitated-during-freak-lawnmower-accident.html Australian woman decapitated during freak lawnmower accident]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Toilet-related injury]]
* [[List of inventors killed by their own inventions]]
* [[Darwin Awards]]
* [[Multiple gunshot suicide]]
* [[List of entertainers who died during a performance]]
* [[1000 Ways to Die]]
* [[Spontaneous human combustion]]
* [[Death from laughter]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Unusual}}
[[Category:Lists of people by cause of death]]
[[Category:Death-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of things considered unusual|Deaths]]

[[bg:Списък на необичайни смъртни случаи]]
[[fr:Liste de morts insolites]]
[[sv:Lista över ovanliga dödsfall]]

Candidose

2010-01-10T22:37:33Z

EhJJ: Änderung 69125652 von Marthagbrown wurde rückgängig gemacht. - Spam

[[Datei:Oral_thrush_Aphthae_Candida_albicans._PHIL_1217_lores.jpg|thumb|300px|schwere Kandidose der Mundhöhle]]
{{Vorlage:Infobox ICD
| 01-CODE = B37
| 01-BEZEICHNUNG = Kandidose
}}
Eine '''Kandidose''' ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für [[Infektionskrankheit]]en durch [[Pilze]] der [[Gattung (Biologie)|Gattung]] [[Candida (Pilz)|Candida]], wobei [[Candida albicans]] am häufigsten anzutreffen ist, und wird auch als '''Candidosis''', '''Candidiasis''', '''Candidamycosis''', '''Kandidamykose''' oder – wenn nur Haut und Schleimhäute betroffen sind – '''Soor''' (veraltet auch als '''Moniliasis''') bezeichnet.

Infektiöse Pilzorganismen ([[Hefepilz]]e/Candida, [[Dermatophyt]]en, [[Schimmelpilz]]e) sind in der Regel nicht dazu in der Lage, die Abwehrmechanismen der menschlichen Haut und Schleimhaut sowie der [[Immunsystem|Immunabwehr]] völlig zu überwinden. Sie kommen beim Gesunden nur in Form von oberflächlichen Haut- und Schleimhautbesiedlungen vor (vgl. [[Mykose]]). Bestimmte Candida-Arten leben auch im Rachen, Speiseröhre, Magen, Dünn- und Dickdarm der meisten Menschen als harmlose [[Saprophyt]]en; sie sind bei etwa 70 % aller gesunden [[Proband]]en nachgewiesen worden. Bei angeborener oder erworbener [[Immundefekt|Immunschwäche]] ([[Krebs (Medizin)|Krebs]], [[AIDS]], [[Sepsis]], [[Zytostatikum|Zytostatika]] usw.) können jedoch sowohl diese körpereigenen als auch die überall in unserer Umwelt vorhandenen Pilze auch innere Organe befallen und schwere Erkrankungen auslösen, beispielsweise [[Lungenentzündung]] oder Systemmykosen ([[Infektion]] des gesamten Körpers). Candida-Arten sind die häufigsten [[Krankheitserreger|Erreger]] solcher schwerwiegenden Pilzerkrankungen. Neben ''[[Candida albicans]]'' kommen auch ''[[Candida tropicalis]]'', ''[[Candida parapsilosis]]'', ''[[Candida guilliermondi]]'', ''[[Candida dubliniensis]]'' und ''[[Candida glabrata]]'' vor. Außerdem kommt es nicht selten zu Pilzinfektionen von Haut und/oder Schleimhäuten, wenn das Immunsystem z. B. vorübergehend beeinträchtigt ist, z. B. bei der Anwendung bestimmter Arzneimittel wie [[Antibiotika]] oder [[Cortison]]-haltigen Präparaten (s. u.).

== Erkrankungen durch Candida albicans ==
Candida albicans hat die Fähigkeit, sowohl in Hefe- als auch in [[Hyphe]]nform zu wachsen, was ihr die [[Biologische Invasion|Invasion]] von vorgeschädigter Haut ermöglicht. Candida kann auch gewebslösende [[Enzyme]] wie [[Protease]]n und [[Phospholipase]]n ausscheiden. Der Begriff Soor stammt aus dem altdeutschen (sohren) und bedeutet „wundmachen“.

Einfache Candidamykosen sind deshalb alltäglich; sie werden durch verschiedene Faktoren begünstigt: [[Kontrazeptivum|Kontrazeptiva]] und andere [[Hormon]]präparate, sowie [[Schwangerschaft]]en vermindern das saure [[Vagina|Scheidenmilieu]]; [[Antibiotika]] schädigen die konkurrierende Bakterienflora, [[Glukokortikoid]]e und [[Zytostatikum|Zytostatika]] hemmen das [[Immunsystem]]. Kosmetikfehler können den [[Säureschutzmantel]] der Haut stören.

Infektionsorte sind die Mundhöhle (genannt ''Soor'' oder ''Stomatitis candidomycetica''), die Mundschleimhaut unter Zahnprothesen, die Genitalschleimhaut, [[Bindehaut|Bindehäute]], feuchte Hautfalten und Nagelfalze. Auf der Haut erkennt man eine starke Rötung mit Juckreiz. Auf den geröteten Schleimhäuten erscheint ein weißlicher, abwischbarer Belag („Joghurt“). Zu Vaginalinfektionen s. unter [[vaginale Pilzinfektion]]. Die [[Infektion]] der Eichel mit Mikroorganismen wie ''Candida'' Pilzen oder Bakterien wird [[Balanitis]] genannt. Oberflächliche Candidainfektionen sind problemlos heilbar.

Organkandidosen und generalisierte Infektionen bei Menschen mit stark geschwächter Abwehrlage können Lungen, Herz, Magen und Darm, Leber, Milz und [[Zentralnervensystem]] betreffen. Auf [[Intensivstation]]en beträgt die [[Prävalenz]] etwa 14 % aller Patienten. Männer und Frauen sind gleich häufig betroffen, alte Menschen häufiger als junge. Für [[HIV]]-Infizierte ist die Erkrankung typisch. Den ganzen Organismus betreffende (systemische) Kandidosen enden in etwa 70 % der Fälle tödlich. Gefürchtet ist die Candida-[[Sepsis]], bei der die Erreger in großer Zahl im Blut zu finden sind.

In [[Deutschland]] sind jedes Jahr etwa 40.000 Menschen von dieser invasiven Candida-Infektion betroffen. Bei den Krankenhausinfektionen steht der Hefepilz inzwischen auf Platz 4 der Liste der gefährlichsten Erreger.

Eine candida-bedingte [[Diarrhö]] mit Nachweis von >1 Million Pilze/g Stuhl wird als Kolonmykose bezeichnet.

== Diagnose ==
Die Diagnose einer oberflächlichen Candidiasis wird problemlos [[Mikroskop|mikroskopisch]] aus dem [[Abstrich (Medizin)|Abstrich]] gestellt. [[Bildgebendes Verfahren (Medizin)|Bildgebende Verfahren]] wie [[Magenspiegelung]], [[Ultraschall]], [[Röntgen]] und [[Computertomographie|CT]] zeigen das Vorhandensein einer Infektion innerer Organe an. Systemische Infektionen mit Candida sind dann nur aus Blut-, Liquor- und Urinkulturen nachzuweisen. Falsch positive und – gerade bei der [[Sepsis]] – auch falsch negative Befunde sind nicht selten. Die Aussagekraft von [[Antikörper]]nachweisen im Venenblut ist umstritten, da [[Antikörper]] lange nach einer Infektion erhalten bleiben.

== Behandlung ==
Eine korrekte Diagnose setzt den Nachweis der Pilze im [[Nativpräparat]] und eine Anzüchtung in der [[Zellkultur|Kultur]] voraus. Wird allein der klinische Eindruck herangezogen, so gelangt man zu zweifelhaften Therapieversuchen, die in der Regel unbefriedigend enden.

Zunächst werden empfänglich machende (disponierende) Faktoren soweit möglich beseitigt. Candida der Schleimhäute und Haut spricht gut auf eine örtliche Behandlung mit [[Antimykotikum|Antimykotika]] (wie [[Econazol]], [[Nystatin]], [[Amphotericin B]] oder [[Natamycin]]), [[Desinfektion|desinfizierenden]] Farbstoffen und speziellen Reinigungsmitteln an. Die Haut wird möglichst trocken gehalten.
Für den Organbefall stehen ebenfalls wirksame Medikamente zur Verfügung, welche [[intravenös]] verabreicht werden. In wenigen Fällen wurde eine [[Resistenz]] gegen bestimmte [[Antimykotikum|Antimykotika]] festgestellt.

''Vergleiche: [[Mundpflege]]''

== Verhütung von Kandidamykosen beim Neugeborenen ==

Candida albicans hat Östrogenrezeptoren. Auch deshalb wird in der Schwangerschaft das Wachstum von Hefepilzen in der Scheide begünstigt, so dass bei nicht antimykotisch behandelten Frauen in der 40. Schwangerschaftswoche die Prävalenz rund 35 % beträgt. Bei der vaginalen Geburt kommt es mit etwa 80 % Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Übertragung der Hefepilze auf die Haut der Neugeborenen. Von dort aus werden Mundhöhle und Intestinaltrakt des Neugeborenen besiedelt. Candida albicans ist auch für das reife gesunde Neugeborene praktisch obligat pathogen. Im Fall einer Kolonisation während der ersten Lebenswoche resultiert in mindestens 90 % der Fälle eine Mund- oder Anogenitalkandidose innerhalb des 1. Lebensjahres. Die Dermatitis seborrhoica infantum und die Erythrodermia desquamativa Leiner sowie seborrhoische Mykide der Kopfhaut werden als Folge von Hefepilzinfektionen aufgefasst. So werden im Rahmen von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen ab der 34 Schwangerschaftswoche Pilzkulturen angelegt und gegebenenfalls unabhängig von den klinischen Beschwerden eine antimykotische Therapie empfohlen.

== „Candida-Hypersensitivitäts-Syndrom“ ==
Einer [[alternativmedizin]]ischen Sichtweise liegen ursprünglich eine Publikation von ''C. Orian Truss'' (einem [[Innere Medizin|Internisten]] aus [[Alabama]]) von 1976 (''The Missing Diagnosis'') sowie mehrere Bücher von ''William Crook'' („The Yeast Connection“) zugrunde. Wissenschaftliche Studien konnten keinen der behaupteten Zusammenhänge belegen, so dass Truss’ These bereits in den 1980er Jahren von der Fachöffentlichkeit aufgegeben wurde.<ref>''American Academy of Allergology and Immunology'': J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986 Aug;78(2):271–3)</ref> <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=2247104&itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus A randomized, double-blind trial of nystatin therapy for the candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome]</ref> <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=9606881&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum Fungi in the oro-intestinal tract and their scientifically founded status]</ref>

Mittlerweile sind weitere Veröffentlichungen, darunter zahlreiche Laienratgeber, entstanden, in denen die Hypothese vertreten wird, dass die Einnahme von [[Antibiotika]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11574923&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_docsum Role of Candida in antibiotic-associated diarrhea]</ref>, [[Corticosteroid]]en und [[Ovulationshemmer]]n, sowie einseitige Ernährung ([[Zucker|Nahrungszucker]], Auszugsmehle, [[Alkohol]]), [[Stress]] und die Belastung mit Umweltschadstoffen (insbesondere [[Quecksilber]]) dazu führen, dass die verschiedenen Candida-Arten zunehmen. Dies könne ein „Candida-Hypersensitivitäts-Syndrom“ verursachen. Symptome wie Verdauungsstörungen wie Blähungen und [[Diarrhöe]], [[Obstipation]], Herzbeschwerden, Atemnot, Heißhungerattacken, chronische Müdigkeit, Hautkrankheiten wie [[Schuppenflechte]] und [[seborrhoisches Ekzem]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=2140431&dopt=Abstract Studies on the yeast flora in patients suffering from psoriasis capillitii or seborrhoic dermatitis of the scalp]</ref>, [[Neurodermitis]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8319131&query_hl=5&itool=pubmed_docsum Candida albicans and atopic dermatitis]</ref>, [[Depression]]en, [[Asthma]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7695069&query_hl=10&itool=pubmed_docsum Atopic asthma caused by Candida albicans acid protease: case reports]</ref>, [[allergische Rhinitis]]<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3287998&query_hl=21&itool=pubmed_docsum Relationship of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to nasopharyngeal and intestinal growth of Candida albicans in allergic subjects]</ref>, sowie Kopf-, Gelenk- und Muskelschmerzen seien die Folge. Die Besiedelung der unteren 2/3 des [[Dünndarm]]es werden für die Beschwerden hauptsächlich verantwortlich gemacht. Es ist nicht geklärt, ob das Vorhandensein von Candida, das bei über 70 % aller Gesunden nachweisbar ist, für die Symptome verantwortlich ist oder lediglich einen Nebenbefund darstellt.

Bei den Hautkrankheiten scheint die Kreuzreaktion zu dem Hautpilz [[Malassezia furfur]] (vormals [[Pityrosporum ovale]] genannt) eine signifikante Rolle zu spielen.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=8238794&query_hl=6&itool=pubmed_docsum Allergens of Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans. I. Cross-reactivity of IgE-binding components]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1377092&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_docsum Crossreacting IgE antibodies to Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans in atopic children]</ref> [[Wolfgang R. Heizmann]] hat diesbezüglich ein Modell der Pathogenese aufgestellt.<ref> [http://www.facharzt.de/content/red.otx/537,10012,5.html?sID=f7a6f124d0db23048fa4d543e3bd621f Wolfgang Heizmann: Candida albicans – ein Modell der Pathogenese]</ref>,

In einer relativ neuen (2001) doppelblind, randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Studie <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11356731 Effectiveness of nystatin in polysymptomatic patients. A randomized, double-blind trial with nystatin versus placebo in general practice.]</ref> konnte das Behandlungskonzept mit [[Nystatin]] erstmals bestätigt werden. Die Studie gibt auch Hinweise auf die Wirksamkeit der Diät.
Die Behandler stützen sich meist auf etablierte Candida-Nachweisverfahren (Stuhlprobe, Blutprobe), selten alleine auf die Symptomatik, die sie einer Candidabesiedelung oder -infektion zuordnen. Alternative Diagnosemethoden wie [[Kinesiologie]], [[Elektroakupunktur]] oder [[Bioresonanz]] werden auch in den Laienratgebern nicht, oder lediglich nur ergänzend empfohlen, aber besonders im heilpraktischen Kontext häufig ausschließlich durchgeführt.

Anhänger der Candida-Hypersensitivitäts-Hypothese empfehlen fast immer eine Ernährungsumstellung. Die in diesem Bereich propagierte „Anti-Pilz-Diät“ verzichtet auf Zucker und Weißmehl sowie auf süßes Obst, um „den Hefen die Nahrung zu entziehen“. Saures Obst ist in geringen Mengen erlaubt. Hinzu kommt in der Regel ein sogenannter „[[Darmflora]]aufbau“ mit [[Probiotika]], die unter zahlreichen Handelsnamen wie ''Symbioflor'', ''Bactisubtil'', ''Mutaflor'', ''Omniflora'', ''Paidoflor'' auf dem deutschen Markt sind. Antipilzmittel müssen immer eingesetzt werden; es kommen dann sowohl apothekenpflichtige Medikamente als auch teilweise Naturheilmittel zum Einsatz. Die Behandlung dauert in der Regel vier bis sechs Wochen. [[Rezidiv]]e sind jedoch häufig.

In einer ausführlichen Stellungnahme kommen Experten des [[Robert-Koch-Institut]]s (RKI) zu folgender Einschätzung der komplementärmedizinischen Krankheitstheorie: „Weder klinisch-epidemiologische Untersuchungen noch Behandlungsstudien geben bisher Hinweise für die Existenz des ‚Candida-Hypersensitivitäts-Syndroms‘ bzw. ‚Candidasyndroms‘ mit den damit von seinen Befürwortern in Verbindung gebrachten vielfältigen Symptomen und Erkrankungen. (…) Es ist jedoch nicht ganz ausgeschlossen, dass unter bestimmten Umständen eine durch Candidakolonisation bedingte allergische Sensibilisierung auftritt. (…) Insgesamt bleibt festzuhalten, dass die Ökologie der Darmflora respektive die Wechselwirkung ihrer Komponenten (darunter C. albicans mit diversen Stämmen) sowie die Beziehungen zwischen Mikroorganismen und Darmmucosa noch unzureichend verstanden sind.“<ref name="RKI">[http://www.apug.de/archiv/pdf/bgbl_methkom_candida.pdf Stellungnahme des RKI]</ref>

Sowohl das RKI als auch die [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung]] halten eine Anti-Pilz-Diät zur Behandlung einer Kandidose für nicht hilfreich. Das RKI schreibt dazu: „Die kohlenhydratarme oder -freie sogenannte ‚Anti-Pilz-Diät‘ erscheint schon konzeptionell fragwürdig, da Mono-, Di- und Oligosaccharide in den proximalen Dünndarmabschnitten vollständig resorbiert werden und für Candida spp. im Colon nicht zur Verfügung stehen (…)“.<ref name="RKI"/>
Die Praxis zeigt, dass umstrittene Diagnosemethoden wie [[Kinesiologie]], [[Bioresonanz]], [[Elektroakupunktur]] bis hin zum Auspendeln von meist nichtärztlichen Behandlern häufig eingesetzt werden.

Patienten wird häufig zu einer [[Colon-Hydro-Therapie]] geraten, sie ist bei Candidosen selbst in der Alternativmedizin umstritten. Der Nutzen dieser Therapie ist stark umstritten.

Zitat eines Gastroenterologen: „Heilpraktiker und Ärzte, die sich als Heilpraktiker betätigen, haben eine neue Einkommensquelle entdeckt, nämlich die ‚Mikroökologie‘ des Darmes. Das Prinzip ist einfach: zunächst schürt man die Sorge der Bevölkerung vor Erkrankung, bietet dann kostenintensive Verfahren zur Frühdiagnose an und verspricht schließlich Heilung durch dubiose Therapiemethoden. Ein Paradebeispiel für dieses Vorgehen sind die Diagnose und Therapie von Pilzen im Darm.“<ref>[http://www.dr-moosburger.at/pub/pub041.pdf Stellungnahme von Prof. Dr. Volker Eckardt (Gastroenterologe in Wiesbaden) in der Medical Tribune Nr. 1/2 1996]</ref>

„Das Candida-Hypersensitivitäts-Syndrom ist ebenso wie das [[Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom|Chronic-fatigue-Syndrom]] oder das [[Multiple Chemikalienunverträglichkeit|Multichemikaliensyndrom]] ein Hirngespinst, das allenfalls als Variante des [[Reizdarmsyndrom]]s eingestuft werden kann“, sagte [[Wolfgang Rösch]] bei einem Kongress.<ref>[http://www.springermedonline.at/medizin_a_z/i___m/infektologie/?full=3161 Pilzalarm im Darm – ein Hirngespinst?]</ref>

== Differentialdiagnosen ==

Die folgenden Differentialdiagnosen beziehen sich nicht auf die leicht zu diagnostizierende Candidose, sondern auf chronische unspezifische Magen-Darm-Beschwerden, die von Alternativmedizinern als „Darmpilze“ diagnostiziert werden. Dahinter können sich u. a. folgende Pathologien verbergen:

Chronische Lebererkrankungen (z. B. Leberzirrhose, chronische [[Hepatitis]], [[Morbus Wilson]], [[Hämochromatose]] u. a.) portale Hypertension oder Rechts[[herzinsuffizienz]] mit Blutstau in die Baucheingeweide, chronische [[Pankreatitis]], chronische [[Gastritis]], [[Laktoseintoleranz]], [[Milcheiweißallergie]], Unverträglichkeit bestimmter Lebensmittel, [[Zöliakie|Sprue]] (Zöliakie), chronisch entzündliche Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen wie [[Morbus Crohn]] oder [[Colitis ulcerosa]], chronische [[Appendizitis]], Sigma[[divertikulose]], Darmstenosen, Infektionen ([[Morbus Whipple]], Wurmerkrankungen, intraabdominelle Abszesse), mechanische Irritationen durch z. B. Tumore wie Uterusmyome, Bauch[[aortenaneurysma]], innere Hernien ([[Hiatushernie]], Treitzsche Hernie) oder Adhäsionen (Verwachsungen)), Durchblutungsstörungen (Mesenterialarterienstenose), [[Endometriose]], Darmträgheit ([[Obstipation]], Ursachen: medikamentös (Psychopharmaka, Diuretika, Laxantienmißbrauch, Opiate, Parasympatholytika), Kaliummangel, [[Hypothyreose]], diabetische gastrointestinale Parese), [[Koronare Herzkrankheit]] mit untypischer Symptomatik (Oberbauchschmerzen).

Sehr häufig sind die Ursachen chronischer unspezifischer Magen-Darm-Beschwerden allerdings [[Psychosomatik|psychosomatischer]] Natur ([[Reizdarmsyndrom]]). Hinweise dafür sind die typische Präsentation der Beschwerden durch den Patienten, das stabile Bestehen seit langer Zeit mit freien Intervallen, die Abhängigkeit der Beschwerden von Stress, prädisponierende Faktoren (Magen-Darm-Infektionen, Traumata in der Kindheit, erlernte Krankheitsverarbeitung) und letztlich das Fehlen erklärender organischer Befunde trotz mehrfach wiederholter Untersuchungen.

== Literatur ==
* Herbert Hof: ''Candida, Aspergillus und Co: Pathogene Pilze''. Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 32(2), S. 96–103 (2003), {{ISSN|0048-3664}}
*Dismukes WE, Wade JS, Lee JY, Dockery BK, Hain JD: '' A randomized, double-blind trial of nystatin therapy for the candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome''. N Engl J Med. 1990 Dec 20;323(25):1717–23. PMID 2247104
* Lacour M, Zunder T, Huber R, Sander A, Daschner F, Frank U.: ''The pathogenetic significance of intestinal Candida colonization--a systematic review from an interdisciplinary and environmental medical point of view''. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2002 May;205(4):257–68. PMID 12068745

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references/>

== Weblinks ==
*[http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/AWMF/ll/013-006.htm AWMF-Leitlinien zur oralen Candidamykose]
*[http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/WWW/AWMF/ll/015-042.htm AWMF-Leitlinen zur Verhütung von Kandidamykosen beim Neugeborenen]
*[http://www.apug.de/archiv/pdf/bgbl_methkom_candida.pdf ausführliche Stellungnahme zum Thema vom Robert Koch-Institut] (PDF-Datei; 307 kB)
*[http://www.dge.de/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=292 Position der DGE zur Anti-Pilzdiät]
*http://www.candida.de (ausschließlich alternativ-medizinische Betrachtung)
*[http://www.ugb.de/e_n_1_139252_n_n_n_n_n_n_n.html Darmpilze – Panikmache oder Volksseuche? Interview mit der Mikrobiologin Dr. Kerstin Keiner, UGB-Forum 5, S. 262–265, 1996]

{{Gesundheitshinweis}}

[[Kategorie:Pilzinfektion]]
[[Kategorie:Sexuell übertragbare Erkrankung]]

[[ar:داء المبيضات]]
[[bg:Кандидоза]]
[[ca:Candidiasi]]
[[da:Candidiasis]]
[[dv:ކެންޑިޑިއޭސިސް]]
[[en:Candidiasis]]
[[eo:Kandidozo]]
[[es:Candidiasis]]
[[fa:کاندیدیازیس]]
[[fi:Hiivasienitulehdus]]
[[fr:Candidose]]
[[ga:Candaidiáis]]
[[id:Kandidiasis]]
[[it:Candidosi]]
[[ja:カンジダ症]]
[[nl:Candidiasis]]
[[pl:Drożdżyca]]
[[pt:Candidíase]]
[[ru:Кандидоз]]
[[simple:Candidiasis]]
[[sl:Kandidoza]]
[[sr:Кандидијаза]]
[[sv:Kronisk mukokutan kandidos]]
[[tr:Kandidiyaz]]
[[zh:念珠菌症]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2009-02-13T18:30:30Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 131.193.12.113 identified as vandalism to last revision by 70.145.144.148. (TW)

{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{for|the record label|Carrot Top Records}}
{{otherpeople|Scott Thompson}}
{{Infobox Comedian
| name = Carrot Top
| image =
| birth_name = Scott Thompson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|25}}
| birth_place = [[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| website = [http://www.carrottop.com/ www.carrottop.com]
| americancomedyawards = '''Funniest Male Stand-Up Comic'''<br>1994
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born February 25, 1965), better known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an [[United States|American]] [[comedian]] known for his bright red hair, [[prop comedy]] and often [[self-deprecating]] humor, and lately for his [[bodybuilder]] physique. As of July 2008, he is headlining at the [[Luxor Hotel]] in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]. Most recently he is known for his dramatic muscle gain and facial change.<ref>[http://www.tmz.com/2007/01/19/a-man-with-two-faces/]</ref><ref>[http://www.awfulplasticsurgery.com/2008/09/07/the-many-faces-of-carrot-top/]</ref>

==Biography==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa, Florida]] where his father, Lawrence Thompson, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">{{cite web | author= | title=Carrot Top Biography | url=http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html | publisher=carrottop | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061128013802/http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html |archivedate=2006-11-28}}</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]], and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]], Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine.<ref>{{cite web | author=Cocoa High School - Cocoa, FL | title=Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile | url=http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 | publisher=Alumni Village | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref><ref name="bio"/> Two months later, he performed on campus in an open-mic night.

==Career==

Carrot Top has appeared in the television programs: ''[[Larry the Cable Guy|Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]]'' , ''[[Gene Simmons Family Jewels]]'', ''[[Criss Angel Mindfreak]]'', ''[[Scrubs (tv series)|Scrubs]]'' (2006), and ''Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly'' (2005). He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], [[Howard Stern]], [[Jimmy Kimmel]], [[Craig Ferguson]], [[Don't Forget the Lyrics]], and [[Live with Regis & Kelly]]. His movie roles include the [[1998 film]] ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].'' In 2006, Carrot Top appeared in the [[Reno 911!]] episode "Weigel's Pregnant" as an enraged version of himself who trashed his hotel room and resisted arrest. In 2008, he was a guest judge for NBC's ''[[Last Comic Standing]]'' in a contest where the participants had to perform [[prop comedy]] at a [[Bed, Bath and Beyond]] utilizing store items with only an hour to prepare.

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Carrot Top | url=http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml | work=Comedy Central | date= | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Carrot Top Biography | url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html | work=filmreference | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-06}}</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy]]'' ("Carrot Scalp"; he also made a guest appearance on the show as himself in the episode "[[Petergeist]]"), and ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top").

As of 2008 he headlines at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, and performs various comedy gigs when his show is not playing.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=See Carrot Top at Luxor Hotel | url=http://www.luxor.com/entertainment/entertainment_carrot_top.aspx | publisher=Luxor Las Vegas | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in large trunks on stage; his prop jokes commonly consist simply of him pulling out a prop, describing it in a one-liner, and tossing it away. Many of his props are specially built objects.

On January 16, Carrot Top appeared on the Fox reality game show "Don't Forget The Lyrics" where he assisted illusionists Penn and Teller in their quest for the million dollar grand prize. He was also one of the roasters at the Comedy Central "Roast of Flavor Flav" and "Gene Simmons Roast".

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

==See also==
*''[[Chairman of the Board (film)]]''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* {{MySpace|theofficialcarrottop}}
* {{imdb|5488}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

{{Lifetime|1965||Carrot Top}}
[[Category:American comedians]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:American television personalities]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida]]
[[Category:Prop comics]]

[[fr:Carrot Top]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-11-29T03:02:19Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 71.116.192.69 identified as vandalism to last revision by 99.249.88.129. (TW)

{{refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{for|the record label|Carrot Top Records}}
{{Infobox Comedian
| name = Carrot Top
| image = Replace this image male.svg
| imagesize = 180px
| birth_name = Scott Thompson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|25}}
| birth_place = [[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| website = [http://www.carrottop.com/ www.carrottop.com]
| americancomedyawards = '''Funniest Male Stand-Up Comic'''<br>1994
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born [[February 25]], [[1965]]), better known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an [[United States|American]] [[comedian]] known for his bright red hair, [[prop comedy]] and often [[self-deprecating]] humor, and lately for his [[bodybuilder]] physique. As of July 2008, he is headlining at the [[Luxor Hotel]] in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]. Most recently he is known for his dramatic muscle gain and facial change.

==Biography==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa, Florida]] where his father, Lawrence Thompson, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">{{cite web | author= | title=Carrot Top Biography | url=http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html | publisher=carrottop | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]], and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]], Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine.<ref>{{cite web | author=Cocoa High School - Cocoa, FL | title=Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile | url=http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 | publisher=Alumni Village | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref><ref name="bio"/> Two months later, he performed on campus in an open-mic night.

==Career==

Carrot Top has appeared in the television programs: ''[[Larry the Cable Guy|Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]]'' , ''[[Gene Simmons Family Jewels]]'', ''[[Criss Angel Mindfreak]]'' (2006), and ''Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly'' (2005). He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], [[Howard Stern]], [[Jimmy Kimmel]], [[Craig Ferguson]], and [[Live with Regis & Kelly]]. His movie roles include the [[1998 film]] ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].'' In 2006, Carrot Top appeared in the [[Reno 911!]] episode "Weigel's Pregnant" as an enraged version of himself who trashed his hotel room and resisted arrest. In 2008, he was a guest judge for NBC's ''[[Last Comic Standing]]'' in a contest where the participants had to perform [[prop comedy]] at a [[Bed, Bath and Beyond]] utilizing store items with only an hour to prepare.

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Carrot Top | url=http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml | work=Comedy Central | date= | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Carrot Top Biography | url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html | work=filmreference | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-06}}</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy]]'' ("Carrot Scalp"), ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top"), and several ''[[Achewood]]'' comic strips.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.achewood.com/index.php?date=10022003 | title = Vegetable Brain The Comedian | format = php}}</ref>

As of 2008 he headlines at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, and performs various comedy gigs when his show is not playing.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=See Carrot Top at Luxor Hotel | url=http://www.luxor.com/entertainment/entertainment_carrot_top.aspx | publisher=Luxor Las Vegas | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in large trunks on stage; his prop jokes commonly consist simply of him pulling out a prop, describing it in a one-liner, and tossing it away. Many of his props are specially built objects.

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.myspace.com/theofficialcarrottop Carrot Top on Myspace]
* {{imdb|5488}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

{{Lifetime|1965||Carrot Top}}
[[Category:American comedians]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:American television personalities]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida]]
[[Category:Prop comics]]

[[fr:Carrot Top]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-11-08T02:39:44Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 68.83.12.221 identified as vandalism to last revision by 86.47.161.201. (TW)

{{refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{for|the record label|Carrot Top Records}}
{{Infobox Comedian
| name = Carrot Top
| image = Replace this image male.svg
| imagesize = 180px
| birth_name = Scott Thompson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|25}}
| birth_place = [[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| website = [http://www.carrottop.com/ www.carrottop.com]
| americancomedyawards = '''Funniest Male Stand-Up Comic'''<br>1994
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born [[February 25]], [[1965]]), better known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an [[United States|American]] [[comedian]] known for his bright red hair, [[prop comedy]] and often [[self-deprecating]] humor, and lately for his [[bodybuilder]] physique. As of July 2008, he is headlining at the [[Luxor Hotel]] in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]. Most recently he is known for his dramatic muscle gain and facial change.

==Biography==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa, Florida]] where his father, Lawrence Thompson, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">{{cite web | author= | title=Carrot Top Biography | url=http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html | publisher=carrottop | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]], and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]], Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine.<ref>{{cite web | author=Cocoa High School - Cocoa, FL | title=Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile | url=http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 | publisher=Alumni Village | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref><ref name="bio"/> Two months later, he performed on campus in an open-mic night.

==Career==
As of 2008 he headlines at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, and performs various comedy gigs when his show is not playing.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=See Carrot Top at Luxor Hotel | url=http://www.luxor.com/entertainment/entertainment_carrot_top.aspx | publisher=Luxor Las Vegas | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in large trunks on stage; his prop jokes commonly consist simply of him pulling out a prop, describing it in a one-liner, and tossing it away. Many of his props are specially built objects.

Carrot Top has appeared in the television programs: ''[[Larry the Cable Guy|Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]]'' , ''[[Gene Simmons Family Jewels]]'', ''[[Criss Angel Mindfreak]]'' (2006), and ''Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly'' (2005). He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], [[Howard Stern]], [[Jimmy Kimmel]], [[Craig Ferguson]], and [[Live with Regis & Kelly]]. His movie roles include the [[1998 film]] ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].'' In 2006, Carrot Top appeared in the [[Reno 911!]] episode "Weigel's Pregnant" as an enraged version of himself who trashed his hotel room and resisted arrest. In 2008, he was a guest judge for NBC's ''[[Last Comic Standing]]'' in a contest where the participants had to perform [[prop comedy]] at a [[Bed, Bath and Beyond]] utilizing store items with only an hour to prepare.

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Carrot Top | url=http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml | work=Comedy Central | date= | accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Carrot Top Biography | url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html | work=filmreference | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-06}}</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy (Carrot Scalp)]]'' , ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top"), and several ''[[Achewood]]'' comic strips.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.achewood.com/index.php?date=10022003 | title = Vegetable Brain The Comedian | format = php}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.myspace.com/theofficialcarrottop Carrot Top on Myspace]
* {{imdb|5488}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

{{Lifetime|1965||Carrot Top}}
[[Category:American comedians]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:American television personalities]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida]]
[[Category:Prop comics]]
[[Category:MDA Telethon Enterainers]]

[[fr:Carrot Top]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-05-05T00:09:48Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 71.71.217.87 identified as vandalism to last revision by Rgoodermote. (TW)

:''For the record label, see [[Carrot Top Records]]''

{{Infobox actor
|image = Replace this image male.svg  |
| bgcolour = Orange
| name = Carrot Top
| birthname = Scott Thompson
| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1965|2|25}}
| location =[[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| height =
| othername =
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| website = http://www.carrottop.com/
| notable role =
| academyawards =
| emmyawards =
| tonyawards =
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born February 25, 1965), known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an American [[comedian]] known for his mop of curly red hair, [[prop comedy]], and often self-parodying humor. Carrot Top today is a headlining Las Vegas entertainer and has made hundreds of college and television appearances.
==Early life==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa Beach, Florida]] where his father, Larry Thompson, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">[http://www.carrottop.com/ Carrot Top] - [http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html Biography]. Retrieved [[3 November]] [[2006]].</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]], <ref>[http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 Cocoa High School - Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile]</ref> and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]],<ref name="bio"/> Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine. Two months later, he performed on campus on an open-mic night. Recalling his start, Carrot Top says in his official biography, “I wasn’t going to do it but my roommate said I should. He said, ‘You’re funny.’ I was scared and did some old jokes but people liked it.' The next semester he went again, this time after writing his own jokes, focusing on the school – which prompted his first prop."

Carrot Top continued, “The street in the center of town was Butts Road. I stole the sign and told the audience, ‘This must be where the assholes live.’ I also had a [[neighborhood watch]] sign – ‘It takes 20 seconds to break into a house but it took me an hour to unbolt this sign.” Later, at an amateur night, the manager told him the sign bit was hysterical but jokes about the school weren’t going to work for the regular audience. “So I went home and thought up more visual jokes, coming up with props like high heels with training wheels for young girls.”

==Career==
He headlines at the Luxor Hotel in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]{{fact|date=April 2008}}, and in between does 100 or so comedy gigs around the United States{{fact|date=April 2008}}. His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in six big trunks on stage.

Carrot Top has appeared in numerous television programs, including a 2007 TV spot in [[Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]],Criticized of being a "Ginger" in [[South Park]],[[Gene Simmons Family Jewels]] [[Criss Angel Mindfreak]] in 2006, [[Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly]] in 2005, [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] in 2002. He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], Howard Stern, Jimmy Kimmel, Craig Ferguson, Live with Regis & Kelly, and more. His movie roles include [[1998 in film|1998]]'s ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman and appeared in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. Some may argue that his presence on national television in the ATT commercial marked the turning point in his career. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].''

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996<ref>[http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml "Carrot Top"] at Comedy Central</ref><ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html Carrot Top Biography] at filmreference.com</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy]]'' , ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top"), and several ''[[Achewood]]'' comic strips.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.achewood.com/index.php?date=10022003 | title = Vegetable Brain The Comedian| language = english | format = php}}</ref>

In IMDB, he is quoted as saying: "I know that I go by 'Carrot Top' and I have big hair and I do props and I'm kind of silly. Of course, for these guys who write jokes for these shows [like 'The Daily Show'], I'm an easy target. I keep that in the back of my head. I don't think it's the props, because I sure haven't invented prop comedy. I think it's the fact that I do something different and that I actually have some success with it. That bothers a lot of people, especially comics. Comics don't like to see other comics do well. It's our nature: Human beings like success but they hate successful people. But some of the jabs are kind of funny like on King Of The Hill when the kid wanted to be Celery Head. I found it kind of flattering. But Craig Kilborn was just rotten."

"Younger in life I was always kind of quiet and shy and I think I kind of grew into myself as I got older, I became more of a class clown as I got to junior high. My way of fitting in was through jokes and making people laugh. I wasn't the jock (I know, it's hard to tell) or the good-lookin' stud. I was just a very skinny red-headed freckled guy. My way of making people like me was to make 'em laugh."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005488/bio | title = Biography for
Scott 'Carrot Top' Thompson}}</ref>

In interviews, Carrot Top has claimed to be born in 1967 or 1969.{{fact|date=April 2008}}

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.myspace.com/theofficialcarrottop Carrot Top on Myspace]
* {{imdb name|id=0005488|name=Carrot Top}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

[[Category:1965 births|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American film actors|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American television personalities|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni|Top, Carrot]]
[[Category:Living people|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Prop comics|Carrot Top]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-05-03T23:27:21Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 24.110.62.14; Not according to the external links / references. (TW)

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-04-20T19:48:36Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 163.251.239.2; Wp:blp. (TW)

:''For the record label, see [[Carrot Top Records]]''

{{Infobox actor
|image = Replace this image male.svg  |
| bgcolour = Orange
| name = Carrot Top
| birthname = Scott Thompson
| birthdate = {{birth date|1965|2|25}}
| location =[[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| height =
| othername =
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| website = http://www.carrottop.com/
| notable role =
| academyawards =
| emmyawards =
| tonyawards =
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born February 25, 1965), known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an American [[comedian]] known for his mop of curly red hair, [[prop comedy]], and often self-parodying humor. Carrot Top today is a headlining Las Vegas entertainer and has made hundreds of college and television appearances.
==Early life==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa Beach, Florida]] where his father, Larry Thompson, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">[http://www.carrottop.com/ Carrot Top] - [http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html Biography]. Retrieved [[3 November]] [[2006]].</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]] <ref>[http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 Cocoa High School - Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile]</ref>, and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]].<ref name="bio"/>, Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine. Two months later, he performed on campus on an open-mic night. Recalling his start, Carrot Top says in his official biography, “I wasn’t going to do it but my roommate said I should. He said, ‘You’re funny.’ I was scared and did some old jokes but people liked it.' The next semester he went again, this time after writing his own jokes, focusing on the school – which prompted his first prop."

Carrot Top continued, “The street in the center of town was Butts Road. I stole the sign and told the audience, ‘This must be where the assholes live.’ I also had a [[neighborhood watch]] sign – ‘It takes 20 seconds to break into a house but it took me an hour to unbolt this sign.” Later, at an amateur night, the manager told him the sign bit was hysterical but jokes about the school weren’t going to work for the regular audience. “So I went home and thought up more visual jokes, coming up with props like high heels with training wheels for young girls.”

==Career==
He headlines at the Luxor Hotel in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]{{fact|date=April 2008}}, and in between does 100 or so comedy gigs around the United States{{fact|date=April 2008}}. His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in six big trunks on stage.

Carrot Top has appeared in numerous television programs, including a 2007 TV spot in [[Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]], [[Criss Angel Mindfreak]] in 2006, [[Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly]] in 2005, [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] in 2002. He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], Howard Stern, Jimmy Kimmel, Craig Ferguson, Live with Regis & Kelly, and more. His movie roles include [[1998 in film|1998]]'s ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman and appeared in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. Some may argue that his presence on national television in the ATT commercial marked the turning point in his career. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].''

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996<ref>[http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml "Carrot Top"] at Comedy Central</ref><ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html Carrot Top Biography] at filmreference.com</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy]]'' , ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top"), and several ''[[Achewood]]'' comic strips.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.achewood.com/index.php?date=10022003 | title = Vegetable Brain The Comedian| language = english | format = php}}</ref>

In IMDB, he is quoted as saying: "I know that I go by 'Carrot Top' and I have big hair and I do props and I'm kind of silly. Of course, for these guys who write jokes for these shows [like 'The Daily Show'], I'm an easy target. I keep that in the back of my head. I don't think it's the props, because I sure haven't invented prop comedy. I think it's the fact that I do something different and that I actually have some success with it. That bothers a lot of people, especially comics. Comics don't like to see other comics do well. It's our nature: Human beings like success but they hate successful people. But some of the jabs are kind of funny like on King Of The Hill when the kid wanted to be Celery Head. I found it kind of flattering. But Craig Kilborn was just rotten."

"Younger in life I was always kind of quiet and shy and I think I kind of grew into myself as I got older, I became more of a class clown as I got to junior high. My way of fitting in was through jokes and making people laugh. I wasn't the jock (I know, it's hard to tell) or the good-lookin' stud. I was just a very skinny red-headed freckled guy. My way of making people like me was to make 'em laugh."{{fact|date=April 2008}}

In interviews, Carrot Top has claimed to be born in 1967 or 1969.{{fact|date=April 2008}}

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.myspace.com/theofficialcarrottop Carrot Top on Myspace]
* {{imdb name|id=0005488|name=Carrot Top}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

[[Category:1965 births|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American film actors|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American television personalities|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni|Top, Carrot]]
[[Category:Living people|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Prop comics|Carrot Top]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-04-11T03:57:01Z

EhJJ: Undid revision 204837274 by 74.69.122.35 (talk)

:''For the record label, see [[Carrot Top Records]]''

{{Infobox actor
|image = Replace this image male.svg  |
| bgcolour = Orange
| name = Carrot Top
| birthname = Scott Thompson
| birthdate = {{birth date|1965|2|25}}
| location =[[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| height =
| othername =
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| website = http://www.carrottop.com/
| notable role =
| academyawards =
| emmyawards =
| tonyawards =
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born February 25, 1965), known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an American [[comedian]] known for his mop of curly red hair, [[prop comedy]], and often self-parodying humor. Carrot Top today is a headlining Las Vegas entertainer and has made hundreds of college and television appearances.
==Early life==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa Beach, Florida]] where his father, Larry Thompson, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">[http://www.carrottop.com/ Carrot Top] - [http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html Biography]. Retrieved [[3 November]] [[2006]].</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]] <ref>[http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 Cocoa High School - Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile]</ref>, and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]].<ref name="bio"/>, Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine. Two months later, he performed on campus on an open-mic night. Recalling his start, Carrot Top says in his official biography, “I wasn’t going to do it but my roommate said I should. He said, ‘You’re funny.’ I was scared and did some old jokes but people liked it.' The next semester he went again, this time after writing his own jokes, focusing on the school – which prompted his first prop."

Carrot Top continued, “The street in the center of town was Butts Road. I stole the sign and told the audience, ‘This must be where the assholes live.’ I also had a [[neighborhood watch]] sign – ‘It takes 20 seconds to break into a house but it took me an hour to unbolt this sign.” Later, at an amateur night, the manager told him the sign bit was hysterical but jokes about the school weren’t going to work for the regular audience. “So I went home and thought up more visual jokes, coming up with props like high heels with training wheels for young girls.”

==Career==
He headlines at the Luxor Hotel in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]{{fact|date=April 2008}}, and in between does 100 or so comedy gigs around the United States{{fact|date=April 2008}}. His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in six big trunks on stage.

Carrot Top has appeared in numerous television programs, including a 2007 TV spot in [[Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]], [[Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly]] in 2005, [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] in 2002. He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], Howard Stern, Jimmy Kimmel, Craig Ferguson, Live with Regis & Kelly, and more. His movie roles include [[1998 in film|1998]]'s ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman and appeared in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. Some may argue that his presence on national television in the ATT commercial marked the turning point in his career. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].''

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996<ref>[http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml "Carrot Top"] at Comedy Central</ref><ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html Carrot Top Biography] at filmreference.com</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy]]'' , ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top"), and several ''[[Achewood]]'' comic strips.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.achewood.com/index.php?date=10022003 | title = Vegetable Brain The Comedian| language = english | format = php}}</ref>

In IMDB, he is quoted as saying: "I know that I go by 'Carrot Top' and I have big hair and I do props and I'm kind of silly. Of course, for these guys who write jokes for these shows [like 'The Daily Show'], I'm an easy target. I keep that in the back of my head. I don't think it's the props, because I sure haven't invented prop comedy. I think it's the fact that I do something different and that I actually have some success with it. That bothers a lot of people, especially comics. Comics don't like to see other comics do well. It's our nature: Human beings like success but they hate successful people. But some of the jabs are kind of funny like on King Of The Hill when the kid wanted to be Celery Head. I found it kind of flattering. But Craig Kilborn was just rotten."

"Younger in life I was always kind of quiet and shy and I think I kind of grew into myself as I got older, I became more of a class clown as I got to junior high. My way of fitting in was through jokes and making people laugh. I wasn't the jock (I know, it's hard to tell) or the good-lookin' stud. I was just a very skinny red-headed freckled guy. My way of making people like me was to make 'em laugh."{{fact|date=April 2008}}

In interviews, Carrot Top has claimed to be born in 1967 or 1969.{{fact|date=April 2008}}

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.myspace.com/theofficialcarrottop Carrot Top on Myspace]
* {{imdb name|id=0005488|name=Carrot Top}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

[[Category:1965 births|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American film actors|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American television personalities|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni|Top, Carrot]]
[[Category:Living people|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Prop comics|Carrot Top]]

Carrot Top (Komiker)

2008-04-10T17:34:51Z

EhJJ: Reverted 2 edits by 24.188.229.19 identified as vandalism to last revision by 76.191.209.185. (TW)

:''For the record label, see [[Carrot Top Records]]''

{{Infobox actor
|image = Replace this image male.svg  |
| bgcolour = Orange
| name = Carrot Top
| birthname = Scott Thompson
| birthdate = {{birth date|1965|2|25}}
| location =[[Cocoa Beach]], [[Florida]]
| height =
| othername =
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| website = http://www.carrottop.com/
| notable role =
| academyawards =
| emmyawards =
| tonyawards =
}}

'''Scott Thompson''' (born February 25, 1965), known by his stage name '''Carrot Top''', is an American [[comedian]] known for his mop of curly red hair, [[prop comedy]], and often self-parodying humor. Carrot Top today is a headlining Las Vegas entertainer and has made hundreds of college and television appearances.
==Early life==
Thompson was born and raised in [[Cocoa Beach, Florida]] where his father, Randy Weigand, was a [[scientist]] at [[NASA]] during the Gemini and Apollo era.<ref name="bio">[http://www.carrottop.com/ Carrot Top] - [http://www.carrottop.com/newcarrot/bio/index.html Biography]. Retrieved [[3 November]] [[2006]].</ref> In 1983, he graduated from [[Cocoa High School]] <ref>[http://www.alumnivillage.com/profile_view.asp?a=1902&s=1 Cocoa High School - Thompson, Scott (1983) Profile]</ref>, and while still a freshman at [[Florida Atlantic University]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]].<ref name="bio"/>, Thompson appeared in his first stand-up comedy routine. Two months later, he performed on campus on an open-mic night. Recalling his start, Carrot Top says in his official biography, “I wasn’t going to do it but my roommate said I should. He said, ‘You’re funny.’ I was scared and did some old jokes but people liked it.' The next semester he went again, this time after writing his own jokes, focusing on the school – which prompted his first prop."

Carrot Top continued, “The street in the center of town was Butts Road. I stole the sign and told the audience, ‘This must be where the assholes live.’ I also had a [[neighborhood watch]] sign – ‘It takes 20 seconds to break into a house but it took me an hour to unbolt this sign.” Later, at an amateur night, the manager told him the sign bit was hysterical but jokes about the school weren’t going to work for the regular audience. “So I went home and thought up more visual jokes, coming up with props like high heels with training wheels for young girls.”

==Career==
He headlines at the Luxor Hotel in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]{{fact|date=April 2008}}, and in between does 100 or so comedy gigs around the United States{{fact|date=April 2008}}. His comedy routine incorporates dozens of props stored in six big trunks on stage.

Carrot Top has appeared in numerous television programs, including a 2007 TV spot in [[Larry the Cable Guy's Christmas Spectacular]], [[Tugger: The Jeep 4x4 Who Wanted to Fly]] in 2005, [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] in 2002. He has also appeared on [[The George Lopez Show]], Howard Stern, Jimmy Kimmel, Craig Ferguson, Live with Regis & Kelly, and more. His movie roles include [[1998 in film|1998]]'s ''[[Chairman of the Board (movie)|Chairman of The Board]]'', and served as a spokesman and appeared in commercials for [[1-800-CALL-ATT]]. Some may argue that his presence on national television in the ATT commercial marked the turning point in his career. From 1995 to 1999, he was the [[continuity announcer]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. In 2002, he recorded a commentary track for the [[Roger Avary]] film ''[[The Rules of Attraction (film)|The Rules of Attraction]].''

Carrot Top produced and starred in an early morning show on [[Cartoon Network]] called ''Carrot Top's AM Mayhem'' from 1994-1996<ref>[http://www.comedycentral.com/comedians/browse/c/carrot_top.jhtml "Carrot Top"] at Comedy Central</ref><ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/48/Carrot-Top.html Carrot Top Biography] at filmreference.com</ref>

Carrot Top has also been frequently parodied. Such examples include ''[[Mr. Show]]'' (in which [[David Cross]] appears as "Blueberry Head"), ''[[King of the Hill]]'' ("Celery Head"), ''[[Family Guy]]'' , ''[[MADtv]]'' ("Broccoli Top"), and several ''[[Achewood]]'' comic strips.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.achewood.com/index.php?date=10022003 | title = Vegetable Brain The Comedian| language = english | format = php}}</ref>

In IMDB, he is quoted as saying: "I know that I go by 'Carrot Top' and I have big hair and I do props and I'm kind of silly. Of course, for these guys who write jokes for these shows [like 'The Daily Show'], I'm an easy target. I keep that in the back of my head. I don't think it's the props, because I sure haven't invented prop comedy. I think it's the fact that I do something different and that I actually have some success with it. That bothers a lot of people, especially comics. Comics don't like to see other comics do well. It's our nature: Human beings like success but they hate successful people. But some of the jabs are kind of funny like on King Of The Hill when the kid wanted to be Celery Head. I found it kind of flattering. But Craig Kilborn was just rotten."

"Younger in life I was always kind of quiet and shy and I think I kind of grew into myself as I got older, I became more of a class clown as I got to junior high. My way of fitting in was through jokes and making people laugh. I wasn't the jock (I know, it's hard to tell) or the good-lookin' stud. I was just a very skinny red-headed freckled guy. My way of making people like me was to make 'em laugh."{{fact|date=April 2008}}

In interviews, Carrot Top has claimed to be born in 1967 or 1969.{{fact|date=April 2008}}

== Awards and honors ==
*[[American Comedy Award]]: "Best Male Sit-Down Turn Around Bop Your Head Onto The Ground Comedian", 1994

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.carrottop.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.myspace.com/theofficialcarrottop Carrot Top on Myspace]
* {{imdb name|id=0005488|name=Carrot Top}}
* [http://www.crazewire.com/features/2002120872.php Carrot Top interview]
* [http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=1bde849e-fa58-4355-8dfe-b25973f14952&k=85677 An interview with CanWest News Service]
* [http://www.americasupportsyou.mil/americasupportsyou/Content.aspx?ID=14256200&SectionID=1 Spirit of America Tour press release]

[[Category:1965 births|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American film actors|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American stand-up comedians|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:American television personalities|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Florida Atlantic University alumni|Top, Carrot]]
[[Category:Living people|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:People from Brevard County, Florida|Carrot Top]]
[[Category:Prop comics|Carrot Top]]

St. George’s University (Grenada)

2008-04-05T13:39:48Z

EhJJ: Reverted 1 edit by 68.36.69.19 identified as vandalism to last revision by DumZiBoT. (TW)

{{infobox University
|name= St. George's University School of Medicine
|logo= <center>[[Image:Logo-header.gif]]</center>
|motto=
|endowment=
|chancellor= Charles Modica
|established= 1976
|type=
|faculty=
|students=
|undergrad=
|postgrad=
|colors=
|city= [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|state=
|country= [[Grenada]]
|campus= True Blue Bay
|mascot= Knights
|free_label= Sports
|free= SGU Knights
|website= [http://www.sgu.edu sgu.edu]
|image=
}}
'''St. George’s University School of Medicine''' was established by an act of [[Grenada|Grenada's]] [[Parliament of Grenada|parliament]] on [[July 23]], [[1976]]. Classes in the school of medicine began [[January 17]], [[1977]]. In 1993, the University added graduate and undergraduate programs. In 1996, it was granted a charter for the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Graduate Studies.
In 1997, [[undergraduate]] courses in international business, life sciences, medical sciences, pre-medical and pre-veterinary medicine were added. The School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1999.

==St. George's University==
[[Image:Saint_Georges_Campus.jpg|right|300px|St.George's Campus]]
[[Medical education]] at '''St. George's University''' begins on the island of [[Grenada]] and is completed with clinical training primarily conducted in clinical centers and affiliated teaching hospitals in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The School of Medicine is listed with the [[World Health Organization]]<ref>{{cite web | title = World Directory of Medical Schools: Grenada | url = http://libdoc.who.int/publications/WDMS/grenada.doc | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, as well as the [[ECFMG]] IMED/FAIMER database<ref>{{cite web | title = International Medical Education Directory | url = http://imed.ecfmg.org/details.asp?country=422&school=&currpage=1&cname=GRENADA&city=&region=CA&rname=Central+America%2FCaribbean&mcode=422010&psize=25 | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, and is fully recognized and approved by the government of Grenada to confer the degree of [[Doctor of Medicine]] upon students who fulfill the school's admissions requirements and complete the prescribed curriculum.

In 1996, the [[US Department of Education]] reviewed the standards of medical education in 30 countries for the purpose of student loans. Grenada was one of four countries approved during the initial review; the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] and [[Canada]] being the other three. Other countries have subsequently been approved. The medical program has been approved by the states of [[New York]]<ref>{{cite web | last = New York State Office of the Professions | title = NYS Medicine Application Forms / Schools allowed to do more than 12 weeks of Clinical Clerkships in NYS | url = http://www.op.nysed.gov/medforms.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[New Jersey]], [[California]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Medical Board of California | title = Medical Schools Recognized by the Medical Board of California | url = http://www.medbd.ca.gov/Applicant_Schools_Recognized.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Texas Medical Board | title = Schools Whose Graduates Do Not Have To Prove Substantial Equivalence Of Their Education | url = http://www.tmb.state.tx.us/professionals/physicians/applicants/STDNHPSE.rtf | accessdate = 2006-09-22}}</ref> for clinical training of St. George's students in clinical centers and affiliated hospitals<ref name="aff">{{cite web | title = Affiliated Hospitals and Clinical Centers |
url = http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/som/affiliated-hospitals.html | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>. The school additionally has affiliation agreements with hospitals in other states and in the United Kingdom<ref name="aff"/>. The school has been site-visited and approved for limited registration status by the [[General Medical Council]] of Great Britain. St. George's University graduates have been licensed to practice medicine in at least 35 countries, as well as in all 50 states in the United States. As with all educational institutions, periodic reviews of the appropriate agencies determine continuation of such approvals.

On July 27, 2007, St. George's University was selected as the exclusive international medical school to utilize the [[New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation]] system for training its third and fourth year medical students. Under the terms of the agreement and over the course of the intended 10 years of the contract, St. George’s University will pay HHC an estimated $100 million, and will be guaranteed a minimum of 600 training positions. This is the largest single affiliation agreement for the clinical training of SGU’s clinical students in the University’s history. Most notably, students of other foreign medical schools are now ineligible to participate in any clinical training at any of the HHC hospitals.<ref>[http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/news-events/news-archives07-HHC.html NYC’s Health and Hospital Corporation and St. George’s University Agreement]</ref>

==Medical curriculum==
The Medical Sciences training program is delivered over four calendar years. During the first two years, which cover the basic sciences, students study on St. George's University campus in Grenada. During the last two years, which cover the clinical sciences, students move on to study at the university's clinical centers and affiliated [[hospital]]s in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="aff"/>

'''The following subjects are taught in each term:'''

Year 1: Basic Sciences
* Term 1: Gross and Developmental [[Anatomy]], [[Histology]], [[Biochemistry]], Clinical Skills ([[Bioethics]])
* Term 2: [[Neuroscience]], [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Physiology]], [[Public health|Community]] and [[Preventive Medicine]], [[Parasitology]]

Year 2: Basic Sciences
* Term 3: [[Behavioural sciences|Behavioral Science]], [[Jurisprudence]] and Medical Ethics, [[Biostatistics]] and [[Epidemiology]] (6 week interim term)
* Term 4: [[Microbiology]], Advanced [[Clinical Skills]], [[Pathology]], Medical [[Nutrition]]
* Term 5: [[Pathophysiology]] I, [[Pharmacology]] I, Advanced Clinical Skills
* Term 6: Pathophysiology II, Pharmacology II, Advanced Clinical Skills

The first two years of Medical Sciences study concentrate on the traditional basic sciences disciplines. [[Laboratory]] experiences are an integral part of these first two years, along with small group discussions designed for [[problem-based learning]] and early integration of basic science into the clinical experience.

The basic science courses use [[Didacticism|didactic lecture]]s, laboratory instruction, supplemental instruction, case-based learning, question-based reviews, small-group tutorials, [[Learning by teaching|peer teaching]] and computer-assisted instruction.

The School's curriculum emphasizes the international aspects of medical education by providing students with opportunities to visit local hospitals and clinics on the island of Grenada. Student participation in [[community health]] research projects is also encouraged.

Students must sit the Basic Science Comprehensive Examination (BSCE) I at the end of their first academic year and the BSCE II near the completion of the basic sciences.

The St. George's University approach to clinical sciences education provides students with the opportunity to learn medicine in some of the best and best-known hospitals in the world. Located in the United States and the United Kingdom, some of these hospitals have been designated by the University as clinical centers. A clinical center is a hospital or group of hospitals able to provide at least four of the five core rotations, train 80-100 students at all times, and additionally offer [[Sub-internship (medicine)|subinternship]]s, [[primary care]] and elective rotations. These clinical centers allow students to complete all of their clinical training at one site if they wish.

There are also two premedical programs leading into the MD medical program at St. George's University (SGU). One program is held in SGU itself with another largely different program being held in Northumbria University in Newcastle England. <ref>[http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/life-at-sgu/campus-facilities-northumbria.html Campus & Facilities - Northumbria, UK - St. George’s University]</ref>

==Veterinary medicine==
SGU also has a School of [[Veterinary Medicine]]. This program offers students the chance to experience intensive hands-on [[surgical]] training that may not be possible in the US due to state [[animal welfare regulations]]. Three years of core curriculum in the form of lectures and labs are completed in Grenada, and the fourth clinical year is completed in the US or UK at [[American Veterinary Medical Association]]-accredited veterinary schools. Students apply to these schools in their third year and are accepted based on academics and professionalism.

The veterinary teaching hospital has been renovated since [[Hurricane Ivan]] struck the island in 2004. Its renovation will have a tremendously positive impact on the education of future students. Eight surgery tables are in the hospital, allowing students to perform surgery on pets and stray dogs under the close supervision of hospital clinicians. The treatment area is fully equipped to handle emergency situations and critical care patients. The hospital has also invested in a new [[X-ray]] machine to aid in diagnostics and student learning.

== Student Government Association ==
The students of St. George's University are represented by the Student Government Association (SGA) as well as the Undergraduate Student Government Association (USGA). The associations are active not only on-campus, but also in the local Grenadian community donating hundreds of student work hours per term and tens of thousands of [[East Caribbean dollar|dollars]] per year to local causes.

==History==
The reason given by the U.S. Administration of [[Ronald Reagan]] to justify the October 1983 [[invasion of Grenada]] was to rescue American medical students at St. George’s University from the danger posed to them by the violent coup that had overthrown Grenada’s Prime Minister [[Maurice Bishop]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Less Strategic Now, Grenada Is to Lose American Embassy | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4DB1330F931A35756C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jonetown | url = http://www.fonebone.net/Jonestown/08.Chap.txt | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. Bishop, a number of members of his government and several dozen civilians were killed in the coup and the island had been placed under a 24-hour curfew<ref>{{cite web | title = Remembering Reagan's Invasion of Grenada | url = http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/06/10/1425246 | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. During the days immediately after the coup, the only independent information coming out of Grenada was from a [[amateur radio operator|ham radio]] operated by a St. George’s student<ref>{{cite web | title = Getting Back to Normal | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926318-1,00.html | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Ed | last=Magnuson | coauthors= | title=D-Day in Grenada | date=[[1983-11-07]] | publisher= | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949850-4,00.html | work =Time | pages = | accessdate = 2008-02-01 | language = }}</ref>.
In his memoir, President Reagan recounted the return to to the U.S. of the St. George’s students as an event that affected him deeply. “I was among many in our country whose eyes got a little misty when I watched their arrival in the United States on television and saw some of them lean down and kiss American soil the moment that they stepped off the airplanes that brought them home."<ref>{{cite web | title = Lebanon, Beirut and Grenada | url = http://www.ronaldreagan.com/leb.html | accessdate = 2007-11-09}}</ref>

==References and notes==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.sgu.edu/ St. George's University Home]

[[Category:Education in Grenada]]
[[Category:Schools of medicine in Grenada]]
[[Category:Veterinary schools]]

[[es:Universidad de St. George]]

St. George’s University (Grenada)

2008-02-09T21:35:29Z

EhJJ: /* Medical curriculum */ An update and a spelling correction

{{otheruses|St. George's College}}
{{Cleanup|date=November 2007}}
{{infobox University
|name= St. George's University School of Medicine
|logo= <center>[[Image:Logo-header.gif]]</center>
|motto=
|endowment=
|chancellor= Charles Modica
|established= 1976
|type=
|faculty=
|students=
|undergrad=
|postgrad=
|colors=
|city= [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|state=
|country= [[Grenada]]
|campus= True Blue Bay
|mascot= Knights
|free_label= Sports
|free= SGU Knights
|website= [http://www.sgu.edu sgu.edu]
|image=
}}
'''St. George’s University School of Medicine''' was established by an act of [[Grenada|Grenada's]] [[Parliament of Grenada|parliament]] on [[July 23]], [[1976]]. Classes in the school of medicine began [[January 17]], [[1977]]. In 1993, the University added graduate and undergraduate programs. In 1996, it was granted a charter for the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Graduate Studies.
In 1997, [[undergraduate]] courses in international business, life sciences, medical sciences, pre-medical and pre-veterinary medicine were added. The School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1999.

==St. George's University==
[[Image:Saint_Georges_Campus.jpg|right|300px|St.George's Campus]]
[[Medical education]] at '''St. George's University''' begins on the island of [[Grenada]] and is completed with clinical training primarily conducted in clinical centers and affiliated teaching hospitals in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The School of Medicine is listed with the [[World Health Organization]]<ref>{{cite web | title = World Directory of Medical Schools: Grenada | url = http://libdoc.who.int/publications/WDMS/grenada.doc | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, as well as the [[ECFMG]] IMED/FAIMER database<ref>{{cite web | title = International Medical Education Directory | url = http://imed.ecfmg.org/details.asp?country=422&school=&currpage=1&cname=GRENADA&city=&region=CA&rname=Central+America%2FCaribbean&mcode=422010&psize=25 | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, and is fully recognized and approved by the government of Grenada to confer the degree of [[Doctor of Medicine]] upon students who fulfill the school's admissions requirements and complete the prescribed curriculum.

In 1996, the [[US Department of Education]] reviewed the standards of medical education in 30 countries for the purpose of student loans. Grenada was one of four countries approved during the initial review; the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] and [[Canada]] being the other three. Other countries have subsequently been approved. The medical program has been approved by the states of [[New York]]<ref>{{cite web | last = New York State Office of the Professions | title = NYS Medicine Application Forms / Schools allowed to do more than 12 weeks of Clinical Clerkships in NYS | url = http://www.op.nysed.gov/medforms.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[New Jersey]], [[California]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Medical Board of California | title = Medical Schools Recognized by the Medical Board of California | url = http://www.medbd.ca.gov/Applicant_Schools_Recognized.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Texas Medical Board | title = Schools Whose Graduates Do Not Have To Prove Substantial Equivalence Of Their Education | url = http://www.tmb.state.tx.us/professionals/physicians/applicants/STDNHPSE.rtf | accessdate = 2006-09-22}}</ref> for clinical training of St. George's students in clinical centers and affiliated hospitals<ref name="aff">{{cite web | title = Affiliated Hospitals and Clinical Centers |
url = http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/som/affiliated-hospitals.html | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>. The school additionally has affiliation agreements with hospitals in other states and in the United Kingdom<ref name="aff"/>. The school has been site-visited and approved for limited registration status by the [[General Medical Council]] of Great Britain. St. George's University graduates have been licensed to practice medicine in at least 35 countries, as well as in all 50 states in the United States. As with all educational institutions, periodic reviews of the appropriate agencies determine continuation of such approvals.

On July 27, 2007, St. George's University was selected as the exclusive international medical school to utilize the [[New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation]] system for training its third and fourth year medical students. Under the terms of the agreement and over the course of the intended 10 years of the contract, St. George’s University will pay HHC an estimated $100 million, and will be guaranteed a minimum of 600 training positions. This is the largest single affiliation agreement for the clinical training of SGU’s clinical students in the University’s history. Most notably, students of other foreign medical schools are now ineligible to participate in any clinical training at any of the HHC hospitals.<ref>[http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/news-events/news-archives07-HHC.html NYC’s Health and Hospital Corporation and St. George’s University Agreement]</ref>

==Medical curriculum==
The Medical Sciences training program is delivered over four calendar years. During the first two years, which cover the basic sciences, students study on St. George's University campus in Grenada. During the last two years, which cover the clinical sciences, students move on to study at the university's clinical centers and affiliated [[hospital]]s in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="aff"/>

'''The following subjects are taught in each term:'''

Year 1: Basic Sciences
* Term 1: Gross and Developmental [[Anatomy]], [[Histology]], [[Biochemistry]], Clinical Skills ([[Bioethics]])
* Term 2: [[Neuroscience]], [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Physiology]], [[Public health|Community]] and [[Preventive Medicine]], [[Parasitology]]

Year 2: Basic Sciences
* Term 3: [[Behavioural sciences|Behavioral Science]], [[Jurisprudence]] and Medical Ethics, [[Biostatistics]] and [[Epidemiology]] (6 week interim term)
* Term 4: [[Microbiology]], Advanced [[Clinical Skills]], [[Pathology]], Medical [[Nutrition]]
* Term 5: [[Pathophysiology]] I, [[Pharmacology]] I, Advanced Clinical Skills
* Term 6: Pathophysiology II, Pharmacology II, Advanced Clinical Skills

The first two years of Medical Sciences study concentrate on the traditional basic sciences disciplines. [[Laboratory]] experiences are an integral part of these first two years, along with small group discussions designed for [[problem-based learning]] and early integration of basic science into the clinical experience.

The basic science courses use [[Didacticism|didactic lecture]]s, laboratory instruction, supplemental instruction, case-based learning, question-based reviews, small-group tutorials, [[Learning by teaching|peer teaching]] and computer-assisted instruction.

The School's curriculum emphasizes the international aspects of medical education by providing students with opportunities to visit local hospitals and clinics on the island of Grenada. Student participation in [[community health]] research projects is also encouraged.

Students must sit the Basic Science Comprehensive Examination (BSCE) I at the end of their first academic year and the BSCE II near the completion of the basic sciences.

The St. George's University approach to clinical sciences education provides students with the opportunity to learn medicine in some of the best and best-known hospitals in the world. Located in the United States and the United Kingdom, some of these hospitals have been designated by the University as clinical centers. A clinical center is a hospital or group of hospitals able to provide at least four of the five core rotations, train 80-100 students at all times, and additionally offer [[Sub-internship (medicine)|subinternship]]s, [[primary care]] and elective rotations. These clinical centers allow students to complete all of their clinical training at one site if they wish.

There are also two premedical programs leading into the MD medical program at St. George's University (SGU). One program is held in SGU itself with another largely different program being held in Northumbria University in Newcastle England. <ref>[http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/life-at-sgu/campus-facilities-northumbria.html]</ref>

==Veterinary medicine==
SGU also has a School of [[Veterinary Medicine]]. This program offers students the chance to experience intensive hands-on [[surgical]] training that may not be possible in the US due to state [[animal welfare regulations]]. Three years of core curriculum in the form of lectures and labs are completed in Grenada, and the fourth clinical year is completed in the US or UK at [[American Veterinary Medical Association]]-accredited veterinary schools. Students apply to these schools in their third year and are accepted based on academics and professionalism.

The veterinary teaching hospital has been renovated since [[Hurricane Ivan]] struck the island in 2004. Its renovation will have a tremendously positive impact on the education of future students. Eight surgery tables are in the hospital, allowing students to perform surgery on pets and stray dogs under the close supervision of hospital clinicians. The treatment area is fully equipped to handle emergency situations and critical care patients. The hospital has also invested in a new [[X-ray]] machine to aid in diagnostics and student learning.

== Student Government Association ==
The students of St. George's University are represented by the Student Government Association (SGA) as well as the Undergraduate Student Government Association (USGA). The associations are active not only on-campus, but also in the local Grenadian community donating hundreds of student work hours per term and tens of thousands of [[East Caribbean dollar|dollars]] per year to local causes.

==History==
The reason given by the U.S. Administration of [[Ronald Reagan]] to justify the October 1983 [[invasion of Grenada]] was to rescue American medical students at St. George’s University from the danger posed to them by the violent coup that had overthrown Grenada’s Prime Minister [[Maurice Bishop]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Less Strategic Now, Grenada Is to Lose American Embassy | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4DB1330F931A35756C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jonetown | url = http://www.fonebone.net/Jonestown/08.Chap.txt | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. Bishop, a number of members of his government and several dozen civilians were killed in the coup and the island had been placed under a 24-hour curfew<ref>{{cite web | title = Remembering Reagan's Invasion of Grenada | url = http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/06/10/1425246 | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. During the days immediately after the coup, the only independent information coming out of Grenada was from a [[amateur radio operator|ham radio]] operated by a St. George’s student<ref>{{cite web | title = Getting Back to Normal | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926318-1,00.html | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Ed | last=Magnuson | coauthors= | title=D-Day in Grenada | date=[[1983-11-07]] | publisher= | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949850-4,00.html | work =Time | pages = | accessdate = 2008-02-01 | language = }}</ref>.
In his memoir, President Reagan recounted the return to to the U.S. of the St. George’s students as an event that affected him deeply. “I was among many in our country whose eyes got a little misty when I watched their arrival in the United States on television and saw some of them lean down and kiss American soil the moment that they stepped off the airplanes that brought them home."<ref>{{cite web | title = Lebanon, Beirut and Grenada | url = http://www.ronaldreagan.com/leb.html | accessdate = 2007-11-09}}</ref>

==References and notes==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.sgu.edu/ St. George's University Home]

[[Category:Education in Grenada]]
[[Category:Schools of medicine in Grenada]]
[[Category:Veterinary schools]]

[[es:Universidad de St. George]]

St. George’s University (Grenada)

2007-11-09T14:28:35Z

EhJJ: /* History */ I'm sorry, but the claims of this section are not supported by the citations provided.

{{cleanup|date=November 2007}}

{{infobox University
|name= St. George's University School of Medicine
|logo= <center>[[Image:Logo-header.gif]]</center>
|motto=
|endowment=
|chancellor= Charles Modica
|established= 1976
|type=
|faculty=
|students=
|undergrad=
|postgrad=
|colors=
|city= [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|state=
|country= [[Grenada]]
|campus= True Blue Bay
|mascot= Knights
|free_label= Sports
|free= SGU Knights
|website= [http://www.sgu.edu sgu.edu]
|image=
}}
'''St. George’s University School of Medicine''' was established by an act of [[Grenada|Grenada's]] [[Parliament of Grenada|parliament]] on [[July 23]], [[1976]]. Classes in the school of medicine began [[January 17]], [[1977]]. In 1993, the University added graduate and undergraduate programs. In 1996, it was granted a charter for the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Graduate Studies.
In 1997, [[undergraduate]] courses in international business, life sciences, medical sciences, pre-medical and pre-veterinary medicine were added. The School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1999.

==St. George's University==
[[Image:Saint_Georges_Campus.jpg|right|300px|St.George's Campus]]
[[Medical education]] at '''St. George's University''' begins on the island of [[Grenada]] and is completed with clinical training primarily conducted in clinical centers and affiliated teaching hospitals in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The School of Medicine is listed with the [[World Health Organization]]<ref>{{cite web | title = World Directory of Medical Schools: Grenada | url = http://libdoc.who.int/publications/WDMS/grenada.doc | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, as well as the [[ECFMG]] IMED/FAIMER database<ref>{{cite web | title = International Medical Education Directory | url = http://imed.ecfmg.org/details.asp?country=422&school=&currpage=1&cname=GRENADA&city=&region=CA&rname=Central+America%2FCaribbean&mcode=422010&psize=25 | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, and is fully recognized and approved by the government of Grenada to confer the degree of [[Doctor of Medicine]] upon students who fulfill the school's admissions requirements and complete the prescribed curriculum.

In 1996, the [[US Department of Education]] reviewed the standards of medical education in 30 countries for the purpose of student loans. Grenada was one of four countries approved during the initial review; the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] and [[Canada]] being the other three. Other countries have subsequently been approved. The medical program has been approved by the states of [[New York]]<ref>{{cite web | last = New York State Office of the Professions | title = NYS Medicine Application Forms / Schools allowed to do more than 12 weeks of Clinical Clerkships in NYS | url = http://www.op.nysed.gov/medforms.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[New Jersey]], [[California]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Medical Board of California | title = Medical Schools Recognized by the Medical Board of California | url = http://www.medbd.ca.gov/Applicant_Schools_Recognized.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Texas Medical Board | title = Schools Whose Graduates Do Not Have To Prove Substantial Equivalence Of Their Education | url = http://www.tmb.state.tx.us/professionals/physicians/applicants/STDNHPSE.rtf | accessdate = 2006-09-22}}</ref> for clinical training of St. George's students in clinical centers and affiliated hospitals<ref name="aff">{{cite web | title = Affiliated Hospitals and Clinical Centers |
url = http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/som/affiliated-hospitals.html | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>. The school additionally has affiliation agreements with hospitals in other states and in the United Kingdom<ref name="aff"/>. The school has been site-visited and approved for limited registration status by the [[General Medical Council]] of Great Britain. St. George's University graduates have been licensed to practice medicine in at least 35 countries, as well as in all 50 states in the United States. As with all educational institutions, periodic reviews of the appropriate agencies determine continuation of such approvals.

On July 27, 2007, St. George's University was selected as the exclusive international medical school to utilize the [[New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation]] system for training its third and fourth year medical students. Under the terms of the agreement and over the course of the intended 10 years of the contract, St. George’s University will pay HHC an estimated $100 million, and will be guaranteed a minimum of 600 training positions. This is the largest single affiliation agreement for the clinical training of SGU’s clinical students in the University’s history. Most notably, students of other foreign medical schools are now ineligible to participate in any clinical training at any of the HHC hospitals.<ref>[http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/news-events/news-archives07-HHC.html NYC’s Health and Hospital Corporation and St. George’s University Agreement]</ref>

==Medical curriculum==
The Medical Sciences training program is delivered over four calendar years. During the first two years, which cover the basic sciences, students study on St. George's University campus in Grenada. During the last two years, which cover the clinical sciences, students move on to study at the university's clinical centers and affiliated [[hospital]]s in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="aff"/>

'''The following subjects are taught in each term:'''

Year 1: Basic Sciences
* Term 1: Gross and Developmental [[Anatomy]], [[Histology]], [[Biochemistry]], Clinical Skills ([[Bioethics]])
* Term 2: [[Neuroscience]], [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Physiology]], [[Clinical medicine|Clinical]] and [[Preventive Medicine]], [[Parasitology]]

Year 2: Basic Sciences
* Term 3: [[Behavioural sciences|Behavioral Science]], [[Jurisprudence]] and Medical Ethics, [[Biostatistics]] and [[Epidemiology]] (6 week interim term)
* Term 4: [[Microbiology]], Advanced [[Clinical Skills]], [[Pathology]], Medical [[Nutrition]]
* Term 5: [[Pathophysiology]] I, [[Pharmacology]] I, Advanced Clinical Skills
* Term 6: Pathophysiology II, Pharmacology II, Advanced Clinical Skills

The first two years of Medical Sciences study concentrate on the traditional basic sciences disciplines. [[Laboratory]] experiences are an integral part of these first two years, along with small group discussions designed for [[problem-based learning]] and early integration of basic science into the clinical experience.

The basic science courses use [[Didacticism|didactic lecture]]s, laboratory instruction, supplemental instruction, case-based learning, question-based reviews, small-group tutorials, [[Learning by teaching|peer teaching]] and computer-assisted instruction.

The School's curriculum emphasizes the international aspects of medical education by providing students with opportunities to visit local hospitals and clinics on the island of Grenada. Student participation in [[community health]] research projects is also encouraged.

Students must sit the Basic Science Comprehensive Examination (BSCE) I at the end of their first academic year and the BSCE II near the completion of the basic sciences.

The St. George's University approach to clinical sciences education provides students with the opportunity to learn medicine in some of the best and best-known hospitals in the world. Located in the United States and the United Kingdom, some of these hospitals have been designated by the University as clinical centers. A clinical center is a hospital or group of hospitals able to provide at least four of the five core rotations, train 80-100 students at all times, and additionally offer [[Sub-internship (medicine)|subinternship]]s, [[primary care]] and elective rotations. These clinical centers allow students to complete all of their clinical training at one site if they wish.

==Veterinary medicine==
SGU also has a School of [[Veterinary Medicine]]. This program offers students the chance to experience intensive hands-on [[surgical]] training that may not be possible in the US due to state [[animal welfare regulations]]. Three years of core curriculum in the form of lectures and labs are completed in Grenada, and the fourth clinical year is completed in the US or UK at [[American Veterinary Medical Association]]-accredited veterinary schools. Students apply to these schools in their third year and are accepted based on academics and professionalism.

The veterinary teaching hospital has been renovated since [[Hurricane Ivan]] struck the island in 2004. Its renovation will have a tremendously positive impact on the education of future students. Eight surgery tables are in the hospital, allowing students to perform surgery on pets and stray dogs under the close supervision of hospital clinicians. The treatment area is fully equipped to handle emergency situations and critical care patients. The hospital has also invested in a new [[X-ray]] machine to aid in diagnostics and student learning.

== Student Government Association ==
The students of St. George's University are represented by the Student Government Association (SGA) as well as the Undergraduate Student Government Association (USGA). The associations are active not only on-campus, but also in the local Grenadian community donating hundreds of student work hours per term and tens of thousands of [[East Caribbean dollar|dollars]] per year to local causes.

==History==
{{citecheck}}
The reason given by the U.S. Administration of [[Ronald Reagan]] to justify the October 1983 [[invasion of Grenada]] was to rescue American medical students at St. George’s University from the danger posed to them by the violent coup that had overthrown Grenada’s Prime Minister [[Maurice Bishop]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Less Strategic Now, Grenada Is to Lose American Embassy | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4DB1330F931A35756C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jonetown | url = http://www.fonebone.net/Jonestown/08.Chap.txt | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. Bishop, a number of members of his government and several dozen civilians were killed in the coup and the island had been placed under a 24-hour shoot-to-kill curfew<ref>{{cite web | title = Remembering Reagan's Invasion of Grenada | url = http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/06/10/1425246 | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. During the days of the curfew, the only information coming out of Grenada was from a [[amateur radio operator|ham radio]] operated by a St. George’s student<ref>{{cite web | title = Getting Back to Normal | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926318-1,00.html | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>.

==References and notes==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.sgu.edu/ St. George's University Home]

[[Category:Education in Grenada]]
[[Category:Schools of medicine in Grenada]]
[[Category:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Veterinary schools]]

[[es:Universidad de St. George]]

St. George’s University (Grenada)

2007-11-09T14:07:55Z

EhJJ: Wikifying

{{cleanup|date=November 2007}}

{{infobox University
|name= St. George's University School of Medicine
|logo= <center>[[Image:Logo-header.gif]]</center>
|motto=
|endowment=
|chancellor= Charles Modica
|established= 1976
|type=
|faculty=
|students=
|undergrad=
|postgrad=
|colors=
|city= [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|state=
|country= [[Grenada]]
|campus= True Blue Bay
|mascot= Knights
|free_label= Sports
|free= SGU Knights
|website= [http://www.sgu.edu sgu.edu]
|image=
}}
'''St. George’s University School of Medicine''' was established by an act of [[Grenada|Grenada's]] [[Parliament of Grenada|parliament]] on [[July 23]], [[1976]]. Classes in the school of medicine began [[January 17]], [[1977]]. In 1993, the University added graduate and undergraduate programs. In 1996, it was granted a charter for the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Graduate Studies.
In 1997, [[undergraduate]] courses in international business, life sciences, medical sciences, pre-medical and pre-veterinary medicine were added. The School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1999.

==St. George's University==
[[Image:Saint_Georges_Campus.jpg|right|300px|St.George's Campus]]
[[Medical education]] at '''St. George's University''' begins on the island of [[Grenada]] and is completed with clinical training primarily conducted in clinical centers and affiliated teaching hospitals in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The School of Medicine is listed with the [[World Health Organization]]<ref>{{cite web | title = World Directory of Medical Schools: Grenada | url = http://libdoc.who.int/publications/WDMS/grenada.doc | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, as well as the [[ECFMG]] IMED/FAIMER database<ref>{{cite web | title = International Medical Education Directory | url = http://imed.ecfmg.org/details.asp?country=422&school=&currpage=1&cname=GRENADA&city=&region=CA&rname=Central+America%2FCaribbean&mcode=422010&psize=25 | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, and is fully recognized and approved by the government of Grenada to confer the degree of [[Doctor of Medicine]] upon students who fulfill the school's admissions requirements and complete the prescribed curriculum.

In 1996, the [[US Department of Education]] reviewed the standards of medical education in 30 countries for the purpose of student loans. Grenada was one of four countries approved during the initial review; the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] and [[Canada]] being the other three. Other countries have subsequently been approved. The medical program has been approved by the states of [[New York]]<ref>{{cite web | last = New York State Office of the Professions | title = NYS Medicine Application Forms / Schools allowed to do more than 12 weeks of Clinical Clerkships in NYS | url = http://www.op.nysed.gov/medforms.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[New Jersey]], [[California]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Medical Board of California | title = Medical Schools Recognized by the Medical Board of California | url = http://www.medbd.ca.gov/Applicant_Schools_Recognized.htm | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>, [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]<ref>{{cite web | last = Texas Medical Board | title = Schools Whose Graduates Do Not Have To Prove Substantial Equivalence Of Their Education | url = http://www.tmb.state.tx.us/professionals/physicians/applicants/STDNHPSE.rtf | accessdate = 2006-09-22}}</ref> for clinical training of St. George's students in clinical centers and affiliated hospitals<ref name="aff">{{cite web | title = Affiliated Hospitals and Clinical Centers |
url = http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/som/affiliated-hospitals.html | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>. The school additionally has affiliation agreements with hospitals in other states and in the United Kingdom<ref name="aff"/>. The school has been site-visited and approved for limited registration status by the [[General Medical Council]] of Great Britain. St. George's University graduates have been licensed to practice medicine in at least 35 countries, as well as in all 50 states in the United States. As with all educational institutions, periodic reviews of the appropriate agencies determine continuation of such approvals.

On July 27, 2007, St. George's University was selected as the exclusive international medical school to utilize the [[New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation]] system for training its third and fourth year medical students. Under the terms of the agreement and over the course of the intended 10 years of the contract, St. George’s University will pay HHC an estimated $100 million, and will be guaranteed a minimum of 600 training positions. This is the largest single affiliation agreement for the clinical training of SGU’s clinical students in the University’s history. Most notably, students of other foreign medical schools are now ineligible to participate in any clinical training at any of the HHC hospitals.<ref>[http://www.sgu.edu/website/sguwebsite.nsf/news-events/news-archives07-HHC.html NYC’s Health and Hospital Corporation and St. George’s University Agreement]</ref>

==Medical curriculum==
The Medical Sciences training program is delivered over four calendar years. During the first two years, which cover the basic sciences, students study on St. George's University campus in Grenada. During the last two years, which cover the clinical sciences, students move on to study at the university's clinical centers and affiliated [[hospital]]s in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="aff"/>

'''The following subjects are taught in each term:'''

Year 1: Basic Sciences
* Term 1: Gross and Developmental [[Anatomy]], [[Histology]], [[Biochemistry]], Clinical Skills ([[Bioethics]])
* Term 2: [[Neuroscience]], [[Genetics]], [[Immunology]], [[Physiology]], [[Clinical medicine|Clinical]] and [[Preventive Medicine]], [[Parasitology]]

Year 2: Basic Sciences
* Term 3: [[Behavioural sciences|Behavioral Science]], [[Jurisprudence]] and Medical Ethics, [[Biostatistics]] and [[Epidemiology]] (6 week interim term)
* Term 4: [[Microbiology]], Advanced [[Clinical Skills]], [[Pathology]], Medical [[Nutrition]]
* Term 5: [[Pathophysiology]] I, [[Pharmacology]] I, Advanced Clinical Skills
* Term 6: Pathophysiology II, Pharmacology II, Advanced Clinical Skills

The first two years of Medical Sciences study concentrate on the traditional basic sciences disciplines. [[Laboratory]] experiences are an integral part of these first two years, along with small group discussions designed for [[problem-based learning]] and early integration of basic science into the clinical experience.

The basic science courses use [[Didacticism|didactic lecture]]s, laboratory instruction, supplemental instruction, case-based learning, question-based reviews, small-group tutorials, [[Learning by teaching|peer teaching]] and computer-assisted instruction.

The School's curriculum emphasizes the international aspects of medical education by providing students with opportunities to visit local hospitals and clinics on the island of Grenada. Student participation in [[community health]] research projects is also encouraged.

Students must sit the Basic Science Comprehensive Examination (BSCE) I at the end of their first academic year and the BSCE II near the completion of the basic sciences.

The St. George's University approach to clinical sciences education provides students with the opportunity to learn medicine in some of the best and best-known hospitals in the world. Located in the United States and the United Kingdom, some of these hospitals have been designated by the University as clinical centers. A clinical center is a hospital or group of hospitals able to provide at least four of the five core rotations, train 80-100 students at all times, and additionally offer [[Sub-internship (medicine)|subinternship]]s, [[primary care]] and elective rotations. These clinical centers allow students to complete all of their clinical training at one site if they wish.

==Veterinary medicine==
SGU also has a School of [[Veterinary Medicine]]. This program offers students the chance to experience intensive hands-on [[surgical]] training that may not be possible in the US due to state [[animal welfare regulations]]. Three years of core curriculum in the form of lectures and labs are completed in Grenada, and the fourth clinical year is completed in the US or UK at [[American Veterinary Medical Association]]-accredited veterinary schools. Students apply to these schools in their third year and are accepted based on academics and professionalism.

The veterinary teaching hospital has been renovated since [[Hurricane Ivan]] struck the island in 2004. Its renovation will have a tremendously positive impact on the education of future students. Eight surgery tables are in the hospital, allowing students to perform surgery on pets and stray dogs under the close supervision of hospital clinicians. The treatment area is fully equipped to handle emergency situations and critical care patients. The hospital has also invested in a new [[X-ray]] machine to aid in diagnostics and student learning.

== Student Government Association ==
The students of St. George's University are represented by the Student Government Association (SGA) as well as the Undergraduate Student Government Association (USGA). The associations are active not only on-campus, but also in the local Grenadian community donating hundreds of student work hours per term and tens of thousands of [[East Caribbean dollar|dollars]] per year to local causes.

==History==
The reason given by the U.S. Administration of [[Ronald Reagan]] to justify the October 1983 [[invasion of Grenada]] was to rescue American medical students at St. George’s University from the danger posed to them by the violent coup that had overthrown Grenada’s Prime Minister [[Maurice Bishop]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Less Strategic Now, Grenada Is to Lose American Embassy | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4DB1330F931A35756C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jonetown | url = http://www.fonebone.net/Jonestown/08.Chap.txt | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. Bishop, a number of members of his government and several dozen civilians were killed in the coup and the island had been placed under a 24-hour shoot-to-kill curfew<ref>{{cite web | title = Remembering Reagan's Invasion of Grenada | url = http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/06/10/1425246 | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>. During the days of the curfew, the only information coming out of Grenada was from a [[amateur radio operator|ham radio]] operated by a St. George’s student<ref>{{cite web | title = Getting Back to Normal | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926318-1,00.html | accessdate = 2007-11-07}}</ref>.

==References and notes==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.sgu.edu/ St. George's University Home]

[[Category:Education in Grenada]]
[[Category:Schools of medicine in Grenada]]
[[Category:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[Category:Veterinary schools]]

[[es:Universidad de St. George]]