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George Augustus Selwyn

2010-03-21T12:02:17Z

Demophon: No styles acc. WP:MOSBIO

{{for|the British MP|George Augustus Selwyn (MP)}}
{{Infobox Saint
|name=George Augustus Selwyn
|birth_date=5 April 1809
|death_date=11 April 1878
|feast_day=11 April
|venerated_in=[[Anglican Communion]]
|image=Selwyn, George Augustus (1809-1878), by Mason & Co..jpg
|caption=Photo by Mason & Co
|birth_place=Church Row, [[Hampstead]]
|death_place=bishop's palace, Lichfield
|titles= First Bishop of New Zealand
|attributes=
|patronage=
|major_shrine=
|issues=
}}
{{Anglican Portal}}
'''George Augustus Selwyn''' (5 April 1809–11 April 1878) was the first Anglican [[Bishop of New Zealand]]. He was Bishop of New Zealand from 1841 to 1858, Primate of New Zealand from 1858 to 1868 and [[Bishop of Lichfield]] from 1868 to 1878. The colleges named in his honour include [[Selwyn College, Cambridge]] (1882) and [[Selwyn College, Otago]] (1893).

==Early years==
Selwyn was born at Church Row, [[Hampstead]], the second son of [[William Selwyn]] (1775–1855). At the age of seven, he went to the preparatory school of Dr. Nicholas at [[Ealing]], where the future [[Cardinal Newman]], and his brother Francis were among his schoolfellows. He then went to [[Eton College|Eton]], where he was distinguished both as scholar and athlete, and knew [[William Ewart Gladstone]]. In 1827 he became scholar of [[St. John's College, Cambridge]]. He came out second in the classical tripos in 1831, graduating B.A. 1831, M.A. 1834, and D.D. per lit. reg. 1842, and he was made a fellow of his college.<ref>{{Venn|id=SLWN826GA|name=Selwyn, George Alexander}}</ref> He was a member of the [[Cambridge University Boat Club|Cambridge]] crew which competed in the first [[Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race]] at [[Henley on Thames]] in 1829, losing to Oxford.<ref>[http://www.archive.org/details/boatingb00woodrich Walter Bradford Woodgate ''Boating'' 1888]</ref>

After graduating Selwyn settled at Eton as tutor to the sons of [[Lord Powis]]. In 1833 he was ordained deacon, and acted as curate to the Rev. [[Isaac Gossett]], vicar of Windsor. Both at Eton and at Windsor, Selwyn displayed much organising talent. In 1841, after an episcopal council held at Lambeth had recommended the appointment of a bishop for New Zealand, [[Charles James Blomfield|Bishop Blomfield]] offered the post to Selwyn.

==Life as bishop==
He was consecrated at Lambeth on 17 October 1841, and sailed on 26 December. He appointed [[William Charles Cotton]] as his [[chaplain]].The missionary party of 23 members set sail from [[Plymouth]] late in December 1841 on board the [[barque]] ''Tomatin''. On the ship, in addition to their luggage, were various animals and four hives of bees. On the voyage out he so far mastered the [[Māori language]] with the help of a [[Māori]] boy returning from England, that he was able to preach in that language immediately on his arrival, and acquired enough knowledge of seamanship to enable him to be his own[[sailing master]] among the dangerous waters of the Pacific.<ref>Smith, pp. 36–45.</ref> In April 1842 the ''Tomatin'' arrived in [[City of Sydney|Sydney]]. The boat was damaged by a rock on entering their landing place and, rather than wait for its repair, some of the party, including Selwyn and Cotton, set sail for New Zealand on the [[brig]] ''Bristolian'' on 19 May. They arrived in [[Auckland]] on 30 May. After spending some time as guests of Captain [[William Hobson]], the first [[Governor of New Zealand]], Selwyn and Cotton set sail for the [[Bay of Islands]] on the [[schooner]] ''Wave'' on 12 June, arriving on 20 June.<ref>Smith, pp. 56–65.</ref> Amongst the party was a clerk, [[William Bambridge]], who was also an accomplished artist and was later to become photographer to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web | title=William Bambridge (1819-1879) - Extract from Auckland Waikato Historical Journal No 41, Sep 1982| work=www.bambridge.org| url=http://www.bambridge.org/php/TNG5/showhistory.php?personID=I001&tree=BAMB01&ordernum=0| accessdate=February 8, 2008}}</ref>

Selwyn had decided to set up residence at the [[Te Waimate mission|Waimate Mission Station]], some {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} inland from [[Paihia]] where the [[Church Mission Society|Church Missionary Society]] had established a settlement 11 years earlier.<ref>Smith, pp. 65–66.</ref> On 5 July 1842 Selwyn set out on a six month tour of his diocese leaving the Mission Station in the care of Sarah, his wife, and Cotton. By October 1843 more missionaries had arrived at Waimate, and Selwyn, accompanied by Cotton, embarked on his second tour, this time to mission stations and native settlements in the southern part of North Island. Their journey was made partly by canoe but mainly by walking, often for large distances over difficult and dangerous terrain. Part way through the tour Selwyn decided to split the party into two sections with one section led by himself and the other by Cotton. After being away for nearly three months, Cotton arrived back at Waimate early in 1844 and Selwyn returned a few weeks later.<ref>Smith, pp. 114–122</ref>

Later in 1844 Selwyn decided to move some {{convert|160|mi|km|0}} south to [[Tamaki, New Zealand|Tamaki]] near [[Auckland]] where he bought {{Acre to km2|450|abbr=yes}} of land, giving it the name of Bishop's Auckland. The party left on 23 October and arrived in Auckland on 17 November.<ref>Smith, pp. 134–135.</ref> During the first six months of 1845 Selwyn was away for much of the time and management of the settlement, and particularly the schools, fell to Cotton.<ref>Smith, p. 147.</ref>

Bishop Selwyn's see was an early foundation in the series of colonial sees organised by the English church, and his organisation and government of his diocese proved of special importance. In six years he completed a thorough visitation of the whole of New Zealand, and in December 1847 began a series of voyages to the Pacific Islands, which were included in his diocese by a clerical error in his letters patent. His letters and journals descriptive of these journeyings present the reader with a vivid picture of his versatility, courage, and energy. His voyagings resulted in 1861 in the consecration of [[John Coleridge Patteson]] as bishop of Melanesia.

Selwyn elaborated a scheme for the self-government of his diocese, and in 1854 visited England for the purpose of obtaining power to subdivide his diocese, and permission to the church of New Zealand to manage its own affairs by a "general synod" of bishops, presbyters, and laity. His addresses before the university of Cambridge produced a great impression. On his return to New Zealand four bishops were consecrated, two to the Northern and two to the Southern Island, and the legal constitution of the church was finally established.

The first general synod was held in 1859. Selwyn's constitution of the New Zealand church greatly influenced the development of the colonial church, and has reacted in many ways on the church at home. By 1855, the [[New Zealand land wars|Land Wars]] interrupted the progress of Christianity among the Māori, and caused an almost universal rejection of the [[Church of England]]. Selwyn was a keen critic of the unjust and reckless procedure of the English land companies, and was misunderstood by Englishmen and Maoris alike. His efforts to supply Christian ministrations to the troops on both sides were heroic and indefatigable.
{{Protestant missions to Pacific Islands}}

==Final years==
In 1867, he visited England a second time to be present at the first Pan-Anglican synod, an institution which his own work had done much to bring about. While he was in England he accepted the offer of the see of Lichfield. He was enthroned as ninety-first bishop on 9 January 1868. In 1868 he paid a farewell visit to New Zealand. He governed Lichfield till his death at the age of 69. He died at the bishop's palace, Lichfield, and was buried in the grounds of Lichfield Cathedral.

Selwyn College, Cambridge, was erected by subscription in memory of Bishop Selwyn, and was incorporated by royal charter on 13 September 1882. The bishop's portrait by George Richmond, R.A., belongs to St. John's College, Cambridge.

==Personal life==
Selwyn married Sarah Harriet Richardson, only daughter of [[John Richardson (naturalist)|Sir John Richardson]] on 25 June 1839. They had two sons, William, prebendary of Hereford, and [[John Richardson Selwyn]] (1844–1898), [[Bishop of Melanesia]]. John Richardson Selwyn also rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race and later become master of Selwyn College.

Selwyn was brother of Sir [[Charles Jasper Selwyn]], and of [[William Selwyn]] (1806–1875). His great uncle, Major Charles Selwyn (d 1749), was an associate of General Oglethorpe, and a prominent benefactor of the church in Jamaica early in the eighteenth century (ANDERSON, Colonial Church, iii. 544–5).

==Works==
Besides numerous sermons, letters, and charges, Selwyn was the author of:
# ''Are Cathedral Institutions useless ? A Practical Answer to this Question, addressed to W. E. Gladstone, Esq., M.P.,'' 1838; written in answer to an inquiry from Mr. Gladstone.
# ''Sermons preached chiefly in the Church of St. John the Baptist, New Windsor,'' privately circulated, 1842.
# ''Letters to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel from the Bishop of New Zealand, with extracts from his Visitation Journals;'' printed in the society's series entitled ''Church in the Colonies,'' Nos. 4, 7, 8, 12 and 20.
# ''Verbal Analysis of the Holy Bible, intended to facilitate the Translation of the Holy Scriptures into Foreign Languages,'' 1855.

==See also==

*[[List of Cambridge University Boat Race crews]]
*[[Saints in Anglicanism]]
*[[Portal:Saints|Saints portal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
''The Selwyn churches of Auckland'' by C R Knight (1972, Reed, Wellington)

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book | last =Smith | first =Arthur R. | authorlink = | title =William Charles Cotton MA: Priest, Missionary and Bee Master |edition= | publisher =Countyvise | year =2006 | location =Birkenhead | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn =978 1901231 81 X }}

{{Refend}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=1S5 Dictionary of New Zealand Biography]
*[http://www.holy-trinity.org.nz/156.php Biography on Holy Trinity Cathedral, Auckland, website]
*[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/S/SelwynGeorgeAugustus/SelwynGeorgeAugustus/en Biography in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand]
*Henry William Tucker, ''Memoir of the Life and Episcopate of George Augustus Selwyn: Bishop of New Zealand, 1841-1869; Bishop of Lichfield, 1867-1878'', 2 vols., William Wells Gardner, 1879.

;Attribution
*{{DNB|Selwyn, George Augustus (1806-1875)}}

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{{Anglican Bishops of Auckland, NZ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Selwyn, George Augustus}}
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[[Category:Anglican bishops of Auckland]]
[[Category:New Zealand religious leaders]]
[[Category:Anglican Primates of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Bishops of Lichfield]]
[[Category:Christian missionaries in New Zealand]]
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[[Category:English saints]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge]]

[[es:George Augustus Selwyn (obispo)]]

Albert Starr

2010-03-15T08:20:23Z

Demophon: No academic degrees acc. WP:MOSBIO

'''Albert Starr''' (1926-), is a noted [[cardiovascular surgeon]] and pioneer, [[inventor]] of the Starr [[heart valve]], who resides and practices in the [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]] area. Starr is Medical Director of the Providence Heart and Vascular Institute. (source: Oregonian, 8/23/2007)

Albert Starr was born on June 1, 1926, in [[New York, New York]]. He received his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree from [[Columbia College of Columbia University|Columbia College]] (now Columbia University) in 1946 and his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] degree from [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons|Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons]] in 1949. He then went on to do his [[internship]] at [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] and his [[Residency (medicine)|residency]] in [[general surgery|general]] and [[thoracic surgery]] at the [[Bellevue Hospital Center|Bellevue]] and [[NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital|Presbyterian Hospitals]] of Columbia University. He was an assistant in surgeon at Columbia University until 1957, when he moved to Oregon—having been enticed, in part, by the Oregon Heart Association's promises to help fund his research and to take him [[salmon]] fishing. There he worked for the Crippled Children's Division at the [[Oregon Health and Science University|University of Oregon Medical School]] (now the Oregon Health and Science University). Starr was an instructor in surgery when he met [[Lowell Edwards]] in September 1958. Starr has said of this meeting, "He was in his 60s and I was in my 30s, but there was no generation gap between us. (See http://www.ctsnet.org/home/astarr)

Starr "helped invent the world's first durable artificial mitral valve".<ref>http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2000/05/15/focus4.html</ref> He is "credited with being a co-inventor of the world's first artificial heart valve in 1960.".<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/27/health/plan-aids-diabetic-heart-patients.html?pagewanted=all</ref>

==2007 Lasker Award==
On September 15, 2007, the Albert and [[Mary Lasker]] Foundation announced the [[2007]] [[Lasker Award]] [[winners]] which included 2 [[surgeons]]:

*[[Alain F. Carpentier]], 74, [[Georges Pompidou]] [[hospital]] in [[Paris]]
*Albert Starr, 81, of the [[Providence Health System]] in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]
*[[Ralph M. Steinman]], 64, of [[Rockefeller University]] in [[Manhattan]]
*[[Anthony Fauci]], 66, an [[internationally]] known [[immunologist]]

Steinman and Fauci will each receive $150,000 and Starr and Carpentier will each receive $75,000.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/health/16lasker.html?ref=us New York Times, 4 Winners of Lasker Medical Prize]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Starr, Albert}}
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[[fr:Albert Starr]]

John Nevill, 5. Marquess of Abergavenny

2010-03-02T16:42:03Z

Demophon:

{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Nobility|
| name =John Neville
| title = [[Marquess of Abergavenny]]
| image =
| imgw =200px
| caption =
| spouse =[[Patricia Nevill, Marchioness of Abergavenny|Patricia Harrison]]
| issue =Lady Anne Patricia Nevill Lady Vivienne Margaret Nevill Lady Jane Elizabeth Nevill Henry John Montague Nevill, Earl of Lewes Lady Rose Nevill
| full name =
| noble family =[[House of Neville]]
| father =[[Guy Larnach-Nevill, 4th Marquess of Abergavenny]]
| mother =Isabel Nellie Larnach
| date of birth =8 November 1914
| date of death =23 February 2000
|}}
Lt.-Col. '''John Henry Guy Nevill, 5th Marquess of Abergavenny''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (November 8, 1914 – February 23, 2000) was a [[British peerage|British peer]], the son of the [[Guy Larnach-Nevill, 4th Marquess of Abergavenny|4th Marquess of Abergavenny]].

Lord Abergavenny was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].

In 1936, he became an officer in the service of the [[Life Guards (British Army)|Life Guards]] and fought in the [[Second World War]], was afterwards invested as an [[Order of the British Empire|Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1945 and rose to the rank of [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in 1946.

On 4 January 1938, he married [[Patricia Nevill, Marchioness of Abergavenny|Patricia Harrison]].

*Lady Anne Patricia Nevill (b. 25 October 1938), married Captain Martin Whiteley and had issue.
*Lady Vivienne Margaret Nevill (b. 15 February 1941), married Alan Lillingston and had issue.
*Lady Jane Elizabeth Nevill (1944–1946), died in infancy.
*Henry John Montague Nevill, Earl of Lewes (1948–1965), died young.
*Lady Rose Nevill (b. 15 July 1950), married George Clowes and had issue.

Lord Abergavenny was an Honorary Colonel of the [[Kent Yeomanry]] 1949–1961, and of the [[Kent and County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters)]] 1961–1962. He was a County Councillor for [[East Sussex]] between 1947 and 1954 and County [[Alderman]] for East Sussex between 1954 and 1962. He was also Deputy Lieutenant of Sussex in 1955, Vice-Lieutenant of Sussex between 1970 and 1974 and later the first [[Lord Lieutenant of East Sussex]] from 1974 to 1989.

Aside from his army and political career, Lord Abergavenny was also: a Director of [[Massey-Ferguson]] between 1955 and 1985; a Director of [[Lloyds Bank]] between 1962 and 1985; Chairman of Lloyds Bank South-East Regional Board between 1962 and 1985 and a Director of [[Whitbread Investment]].

Lord Abergavenny became a [[Venerable Order of St John|Knight of St John]] in 1976, a [[Knight of the Garter]] in 1974 and was Chancellor of that Order between 1977 and 1994. In 1986, he was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|Doctorate of Laws]] from the [[University of Sussex]].

Lord Abergavenny died in 2000, aged 85 and because he had no surviving male children, was succeeded by his nephew, [[Christopher Nevill, 6th Marquess of Abergavenny|Christopher Nevill]].

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abergavenny, John Nevill, 5th Marquess Of}}
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[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Marquesses in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Councillors in South East England]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Sussex]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Sussex]]
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[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of East Sussex]]

Arthur Bottomley

2010-03-02T14:09:42Z

Demophon:

{{unreferenced|date=July 2009}}

'''Arthur George Bottomley, Baron Bottomley''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] (7 February 1907 – 3 November 1995) was a British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] politician, Member of Parliament and minister.

Before entering parliament he was a [[trade union]] organiser of the [[National Union of Public Employees]] (which later became part of [[UNISON]]). From 1929 to 1949 he was a councillor on [[Municipal Borough of Walthamstow|Walthamstow Borough Council]], and in 1945-1946 he was [[Mayor]] of [[Walthamstow]].

He was first elected to [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliament]] in the [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|1945 general election]] for the [[Chatham (UK Parliament constituency)|Chatham]] division of [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]] and he held the seat (later renamed [[Rochester and Chatham (UK Parliament constituency)|Rochester and Chatham]]) until losing it in the [[United Kingdom general election, 1959|1959 general election]] to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] [[Julian Critchley]]. He returned to parliament by winning [[Middlesbrough East (UK Parliament constituency)|Middlesbrough East]] in a by-election in 1962 and held the seat, and its successor [[Middlesbrough (UK Parliament constituency)|Middlesbrough]], until his retirement in 1983.

He was a junior minister in [[Clement Attlee]]'s governments, being Parliamentary [[Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs]] (1946-47), Parliamentary [[Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations]] (1947) and [[Secretary for Overseas Trade]] at the [[Board of Trade]] (1947-51). In [[Harold Wilson]]'s governments he was [[Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations]] (1964-66) — during which time he sought to deal with the consequences of [[Rhodesia]]'s [[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Unilateral Declaration of Independence]] — and [[Secretary of State for International Development|Minister of Overseas Development]] (1966-67).

He was created a [[life peer]] in the 1984 New Year's Honours as '''Baron Bottomley''', of Middlesbrough in the County of [[Cleveland, England|Cleveland]]. He died on 3 November 1995.

==Family==
His wife, Bessie Ellen Bottomley, [[Justice of the Peace|JP]], was named a [[List of Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1970 "[f]or public and social services."''

==External links==
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-arthur-bottomley | Arthur Bottomley }}
* [http://archives.lse.ac.uk/dserve.exe?dsqServer=lib-4.lse.ac.uk&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo='bottomley') Catalogue of the Bottomley papers] at the [http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/archive/Default.htm Archives Division] of the [[London School of Economics]].

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[[Category:British Secretaries of State]]
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[[pl:Arthur Bottomley]]

Godert de Ginkell, 1. Earl of Athlone

2010-02-22T13:43:44Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Person
| name = Godert de Ginkell
| image = Pict0040EarlofAthlone1st.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = 1st Earl of Athlone
| birth_date = 1644
| birth_place = [[Amerongen]]
| death_date = 1703
| death_place = [[Utrecht]]
| education =
| occupation = General
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}

'''Godert de Ginkell, 1st Earl of Athlone''', or in his own country of the [[Netherlands]] born '''Baron Godard van Reede''' ([[Amerongen]], 1644 – February 11, 1703, [[Utrecht]]) was a Dutch general in the service of [[England]].

He came of a noble family, and bore the title of ''Baron van Reede'', being the eldest son of [[Godard Adrian van Reede]], [[Baron van Amerongen]]. In his youth he entered the Dutch cavalry as an officer, receiving his first commission at age 12. In 1688, he followed [[William III of England|William, Prince of Orange]], in his expedition to England — the "[[Glorious Revolution]]" which deposed [[James II of England|James II]]. In the following year, he distinguished himself by a memorable exploit the pursuit, defeat and capture of a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[regiment]] that had mutinied for James at [[Ipswich]], and was marching northward across the [[fen]]s. It was the alarm excited by this mutiny that facilitated the passing of the first [[Mutiny Act]]. In 1690, Ginkel accompanied [[William III of England|William III]] to Ireland to reduce the Franco-Irish [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], and commanded a body of Dutch [[cavalry]] at the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. On the King's return to England, General Ginkel was entrusted with the conduct of the war. (See also [[Williamite war in Ireland]]).

He took the field in the spring of 1691, and established his headquarters at [[Mullingar]]. Among those who held a command under him was the [[Marquis of Ruvigny]], the recognized chief of the [[Huguenot]] refugees. Early in June, Ginkel took the fortress of [[Ballymore]], capturing the whole garrison of 1,000 men. The English lost only eight men. After reconstructing the fortifications of Ballymore, the army marched to [[Athlone]], then one of the most important of the fortified towns of Ireland and key to the Jacobite defensive position, as it bridged the [[River Shannon]]. The Irish defenders of the place were commanded by a distinguished French general, the [[Marquis de St Ruth]]. The firing began on June 19, and on June 30 the town was stormed<ref>[http://moby.to/6v3qji Letter from Godard van Reede, General lieutenant of their majesties of England combined forces at land and at sea in Ireland, 1690-1691, to his father. From the Army Camp at Athlone, 5-15 July 1691. Excerpt from the family van Reede archives]</ref>, the Irish army retreating towards [[Galway]], and took up their next defensive position at [[Aughrim]]. Having strengthened the fortifications of Athlone and having left a [[garrison]] there, Ginkel led the English combined forces, on 8 July, westward in pursuit of the retreating army and met the Franco-Irish in formal battle on 12 July 1691 at Aughrim.
The subsequent [[Battle of Aughrim]] all but decided the war in the Williamites' favour. An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, [[Marquis de St Ruth]], and his disorganized forces were defeated and fled in the ensuing darkness of the early-morning of July 13. A stunning defeat of the Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses were left on the field.

Galway next capitulated, its garrison being permitted to retire to [[Limerick]]. There the viceroy [[Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell|Tyrconnell]] was in command of a large force, but his sudden death early in August left the command in the hands of Lord Lucan, General [[Patrick Sarsfield]] and the Frenchman [[Dusson]]. The English came in sight of the town on the day of Tyrconnell's death, and the [[Siege of Limerick (1691)|bombardment and siege]] were immediately begun. Ginkel, by a bold device, crossed the [[River Shannon]] and captured the camp of the Irish [[cavalry]]. A few days later he stormed the fort on [[Thomond Bridge]], and after difficult negotiations a [[capitulation]] was signed — the [[Treaty of Limerick]], the terms of which were divided into a civil and a military treaty. Thus was completed the conquest or pacification of Ireland, and the services of the Dutch general were amply recognized and rewarded. He received the formal thanks of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]], and was created by the king 1st earl of Athlone and baron of Aughrim. The immense forfeited estates of the [[Earl of Limerick]] were given to him, but the grant was a few years later revoked by the English parliament. The earl continued to serve in the English army, and accompanied the king to the continent in 1693. He fought at the sieges of [[Siege of Namur (1695)|Namur in 1695]] and the [[Battle of Neerwinden]], and assisted in destroying the French [[magazine (artillery)|magazine]] at [[Givet]]. In 1702, waiving his own claims to the position of commander-in-chief, he commanded the Dutch serving under the duke of [[Marlborough]].

He was succeeded by his son the [[Godert de Ginkell, 2nd Earl of Athlone|2nd earl]] (1668–1719), a distinguished soldier in the reigns of William III and [[Anne of Great Britain|Queen Anne]]. On the death of the 10th earl without issue in 1844, the title became extinct.

==See also==
* [[List of people on stamps of Ireland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Start box}}
{{S-reg|uk}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Earl of Athlone]] | years=1692–1703 | before=New Creation | after=[[Godert de Ginkell, 2nd Earl of Athlone|Godert de Ginkel]]}}
{{S-reg|nl}}
{{Succession box | title=Baron van Reede | years=1630–1703 | before=[[Godard Adriaan van Reede]]| after=[[Godert de Ginkell, 2nd Earl of Athlone|Heer van Middachten]]}}
{{End box}}

{{1911}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ginkell, Godert De 1st Earl Of Athlone}}
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Barons of Reede]]
[[Category:Dutch generals]]
[[Category:Dutch military commanders]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Ginkell, Godert de]]
[[Category:1630 births|Ginkell, Godert de, 1st Earl of Athlone]]
[[Category:1703 deaths|Ginkell, Godert de, 1st Earl of Athlone]]
[[Category:People from Utrecht (city)]]
[[Category:People of the Williamite War in Ireland]]

[[ga:Godert de Ginkell, Céad Iarla Átha Luain]]
[[nl:Godard van Reede]]

Godert de Ginkell, 1. Earl of Athlone

2010-02-22T13:23:02Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Person
| name = Godert de Ginkell
| image = Pict0040EarlofAthlone1st.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = 1st Earl of Athlone
| birth_date = 1644
| birth_place = [[Amerongen]]
| death_date = 1703
| death_place =
| education =
| occupation = General
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}

'''Godert de Ginkell, 1st Earl of Athlone''', or in his own country of the [[Netherlands]] born '''Baron Godard van Reede''' ([[Amerongen]], 1644 – February 11, 1703, Utrecht) was a Dutch general in the service of [[England]].

He came of a noble family, and bore the title of ''Baron van Reede'', being the eldest son of [[Godard Adrian van Reede]], [[Baron van Amerongen]]. In his youth he entered the Dutch cavalry as an officer, receiving his first commission at age 12. In 1688, he followed [[William III of England|William, Prince of Orange]], in his expedition to England — the "[[Glorious Revolution]]" which deposed [[James II of England|James II]]. In the following year, he distinguished himself by a memorable exploit the pursuit, defeat and capture of a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[regiment]] that had mutinied for James at [[Ipswich]], and was marching northward across the [[fen]]s. It was the alarm excited by this mutiny that facilitated the passing of the first [[Mutiny Act]]. In 1690, Ginkel accompanied [[William III of England|William III]] to Ireland to reduce the Franco-Irish [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], and commanded a body of Dutch [[cavalry]] at the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. On the King's return to England, General Ginkel was entrusted with the conduct of the war. (See also [[Williamite war in Ireland]]).

He took the field in the spring of 1691, and established his headquarters at [[Mullingar]]. Among those who held a command under him was the [[Marquis of Ruvigny]], the recognized chief of the [[Huguenot]] refugees. Early in June, Ginkel took the fortress of [[Ballymore]], capturing the whole garrison of 1,000 men. The English lost only eight men. After reconstructing the fortifications of Ballymore, the army marched to [[Athlone]], then one of the most important of the fortified towns of Ireland and key to the Jacobite defensive position, as it bridged the [[River Shannon]]. The Irish defenders of the place were commanded by a distinguished French general, the [[Marquis de St Ruth]]. The firing began on June 19, and on June 30 the town was stormed<ref>[http://moby.to/6v3qji Letter from Godard van Reede, General lieutenant of their majesties of England combined forces at land and at sea in Ireland, 1690-1691, to his father. From the Army Camp at Athlone, 5-15 July 1691. Excerpt from the family van Reede archives]</ref>, the Irish army retreating towards [[Galway]], and took up their next defensive position at [[Aughrim]]. Having strengthened the fortifications of Athlone and having left a [[garrison]] there, Ginkel led the English combined forces, on 8 July, westward in pursuit of the retreating army and met the Franco-Irish in formal battle on 12 July 1691 at Aughrim.
The subsequent [[Battle of Aughrim]] all but decided the war in the Williamites' favour. An immediate attack was resolved on, and, after a severe and at one time doubtful contest, the crisis was precipitated by the fall of the Franco-Irish leader, the French General Charles Chalmont, [[Marquis de St Ruth]], and his disorganized forces were defeated and fled in the ensuing darkness of the early-morning of July 13. A stunning defeat of the Franco-Irish followed in the confusion and darkness, with some 4000 corpses were left on the field.

Galway next capitulated, its garrison being permitted to retire to [[Limerick]]. There the viceroy [[Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell|Tyrconnell]] was in command of a large force, but his sudden death early in August left the command in the hands of Lord Lucan, General [[Patrick Sarsfield]] and the Frenchman [[Dusson]]. The English came in sight of the town on the day of Tyrconnell's death, and the [[Siege of Limerick (1691)|bombardment and siege]] were immediately begun. Ginkel, by a bold device, crossed the [[River Shannon]] and captured the camp of the Irish [[cavalry]]. A few days later he stormed the fort on [[Thomond Bridge]], and after difficult negotiations a [[capitulation]] was signed — the [[Treaty of Limerick]], the terms of which were divided into a civil and a military treaty. Thus was completed the conquest or pacification of Ireland, and the services of the Dutch general were amply recognized and rewarded. He received the formal thanks of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]], and was created by the king 1st earl of Athlone and baron of Aughrim. The immense forfeited estates of the [[Earl of Limerick]] were given to him, but the grant was a few years later revoked by the English parliament. The earl continued to serve in the English army, and accompanied the king to the continent in 1693. He fought at the sieges of [[Siege of Namur (1695)|Namur in 1695]] and the [[Battle of Neerwinden]], and assisted in destroying the French [[magazine (artillery)|magazine]] at [[Givet]]. In 1702, waiving his own claims to the position of commander-in-chief, he commanded the Dutch serving under the duke of [[Marlborough]].

He was succeeded by his son the [[Godert de Ginkell, 2nd Earl of Athlone|2nd earl]] (1668–1719), a distinguished soldier in the reigns of William III and [[Anne of Great Britain|Queen Anne]]. On the death of the 10th earl without issue in 1844, the title became extinct.

==See also==
* [[List of people on stamps of Ireland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Start box}}
{{S-reg|uk}}
{{Succession box | title=[[Earl of Athlone]] | years=1692–1703 | before=New Creation | after=[[Godert de Ginkell, 2nd Earl of Athlone|Godert de Ginkel]]}}
{{S-reg|nl}}
{{Succession box | title=Baron van Reede | years=1630–1703 | before=[[Godard Adriaan van Reede]]| after=[[Godert de Ginkell, 2nd Earl of Athlone|Heer van Middachten]]}}
{{End box}}

{{1911}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ginkell, Godert De 1st Earl Of Athlone}}
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Barons of Reede]]
[[Category:Dutch generals]]
[[Category:Dutch military commanders]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Ginkell, Godert de]]
[[Category:1630 births|Ginkell, Godert de, 1st Earl of Athlone]]
[[Category:1703 deaths|Ginkell, Godert de, 1st Earl of Athlone]]
[[Category:People from Utrecht (city)]]
[[Category:People of the Williamite War in Ireland]]

[[ga:Godert de Ginkell, Céad Iarla Átha Luain]]
[[nl:Godard van Reede]]

Arthur Wellesley, 5. Duke of Wellington

2010-02-21T17:02:52Z

Demophon: If you want to anglicise it, then do it all the way and not half-half

{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name=The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=18 June 1934 - 11 December 1941
|birth_date={{birth date|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1941|12|11|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] Kathleen Bulkeley-Williams
|spouse=Lilian Coats
|issue=[[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]] [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
}}
'''Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington''' (9 June 1876 – 11 December 1941) was the son of [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] and Kathleen Bulkeley Williams.

He attended [[Eton College|Eton]] between 1890 and 1895. He then attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. He joined the [[Grenadier Guards]] and fought in the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]] in 1900, and later in [[World War I]]. In 1934 he succeeded to the Dukedom; he was also a [[Justice of the Peace]].

Wellington married Hon. Lilian Maud Glen Coats, the daughter of the [[George Coats, 1st Baron Glentanar]] in 1909. He had two children: [[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]] (1910 - 1998), and Captain [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]] (1912 - 1943).

==Far right==
The Duke was a supporter of several [[far right-wing]] causes. He was a member of the [[Anglo-German Fellowship]] from 1935 and served as President of the [[Liberty Restoration League]], which was described by Inspector Pavey (an ex-Scotland Yard detective employed by the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] to infiltrate the far right) as being [[Anti-semitism|anti-semitic]]. When [[Archibald Maule Ramsay]] formed the '[[Right Club]]' in 1939, Wellington chaired its early meetings. Ramsay, describing the Right Club, boasted that "The main objective was to oppose and expose the activities of organised Jewry." <ref>http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/126784</ref> On the day that World War II broke out, The Duke of Wellington was quoted as blaming the conflict on "those f--king Jews". <ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6570240/Stephen-Poliakoff-Anti-semitism-will-always-be-around.html</ref>

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]''' 1934–1941
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| years = }}
{{s-reg|nl}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|pt}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duque da Vitória|Duke of the Victory]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]

[[Category:Wellesley family|Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|105]]
[[Category:Dukes da Vitória]]
[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers|Wellesley, Arthur, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|105]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Arthur 5]]

Arthur Wellesley, 5. Duke of Wellington

2010-02-21T12:38:38Z

Demophon: /* External links */

{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name=The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=18 June 1934 - 11 December 1941
|birth_date={{birth date|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1941|12|11|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] Kathleen Bulkeley-Williams
|spouse=Lilian Coats
|issue=[[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]] [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
}}
'''Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington''' (9 June 1876 – 11 December 1941) was the son of [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] and Kathleen Bulkeley Williams.

He attended [[Eton College|Eton]] between 1890 and 1895. He then attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. He joined the [[Grenadier Guards]] and fought in the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]] in 1900, and later in [[World War I]]. In 1934 he succeeded to the Dukedom; he was also a [[Justice of the Peace]].

Wellington married Hon. Lilian Maud Glen Coats, the daughter of the [[George Coats, 1st Baron Glentanar]] in 1909. He had two children: [[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]] (1910 - 1998), and Captain [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]] (1912 - 1943).

==Far right==
The Duke was a supporter of several [[far right-wing]] causes. He was a member of the [[Anglo-German Fellowship]] from 1935 and served as President of the [[Liberty Restoration League]], which was described by Inspector Pavey (an ex-Scotland Yard detective employed by the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] to infiltrate the far right) as being [[Anti-semitism|anti-semitic]]. When [[Archibald Maule Ramsay]] formed the '[[Right Club]]' in 1939, Wellington chaired its early meetings. Ramsay, describing the Right Club, boasted that "The main objective was to oppose and expose the activities of organised Jewry." <ref>http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/126784</ref> On the day that World War II broke out, The Duke of Wellington was quoted as blaming the conflict on "those f--king Jews". <ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6570240/Stephen-Poliakoff-Anti-semitism-will-always-be-around.html</ref>

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]''' 1934–1941
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| years = }}
{{s-reg|nl}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|pt}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duque da Vitória]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]

[[Category:Wellesley family|Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|105]]
[[Category:Dukes da Vitória]]
[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers|Wellesley, Arthur, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|105]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Arthur 5]]

Gerald Wellesley, 7. Duke of Wellington

2010-02-21T12:22:55Z

Demophon: /* External links */

{{Infobox Peer
|name=The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=16 September 1943 - 4 January 1972
|birth_date={{birth date|1885|8|21|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1972|1|4|1885|8|21|df=y}}
|spouse=Dorothy Violet Ashton
|issue=[[Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington]] [[Elizabeth Clyde|Lady Elizabeth Clyde]]
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] Lady Kathleen Bulkeley-Williams
}}
'''Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (21 August 1885 – 4 January 1972), styled '''Lord Gerald Wellesley''' between 1900 and 1943, was a British [[diplomat]], soldier, and architect.

He was the third son of [[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Lord Arthur Wellesley]] (later 4th Duke of Wellington) and [[Kathleen Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington|Lady Arthur Wellesley]] (later Duchess of Wellington, née Kathleen Bulkeley Williams). He was educated at [[Eton College]]. He married [[Dorothy Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington|Dorothy Violet Ashton]], daughter of Robert Ashton, on 30 April 1914.

He served as a diplomat in the [[Diplomatic Corps]] in 1908. He held the office of [[Third Secretary]] of the [[Diplomatic Service]] between 1910 and 1917, and the office of [[Second Secretary]] of the Diplomatic Service between 1917 and 1919.

He was invested as a [[Fellow]] of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] in 1921, and as a [[Fellow]] of the [[Royal Society of Arts]] in 1935, and was [[Surveyor of the King's Works of Art]] 1936–1943.

He gained the rank of [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in 1939 in the service of the [[Grenadier Guards]]. He fought in the [[Second World War]] between 1939 and 1945.

In 1943, he succeeded his nephew [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington| Henry]] as [[Duke of Wellington]], [[Earl of Mornington]], and [[Prince of Waterloo]]. His nephew's other title, [[Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo]], passed to Henry's sister (his niece) [[Lady Anne Rhys|Anne]], before she ceded it to him in 1949.

He held the office of [[Lord Lieutenant of the County of London]] between 1944 and 1949, and the office of [[Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire]] between 1949 and 1960.

He was invested as a [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]] in 1951.

==Books==
He was the author of the following books :

# ''The Iconography of the First Duke of Wellington'' (1935)
# ''The Diary of a Desert Journey'' (1938)
# ''The Journal of Mrs. Arbuthnot'' (1950)
# ''A Selection from the Private Correspondence of the First Duke of Wellington'' (1952)

==Architecture projects==
Among his architecture projects was the remodeling of the London home of Anglo-American member of Parliament [[Henry Channon|Henry "Chips" Channon]]. He also designed a folly tower for [[Gerald Tyrwhitt-Wilson, 14th Baron Berners]].[http://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire/content/articles/2008/01/10/faringdon_folly_2008_feature.shtml]

==Family==

He married Dorothy Violet Ashton (21 August 1885 – 11 July 1956) on 30 April 1914; they separated in 1922.<ref>R.F. Foster, "W.B. Yeats" (Oxford University Press, 2003), page 528</ref> She was the daughter of Robert Ashton of Croughton, [[Cheshire]] (himself a second cousin of [[Thomas Gair Ashton, 1st Baron Ashton of Hyde|the 1st Baron Ashton of Hyde]]) and was descended from wealthy [[cotton]] manufacturers, and his wife [[John Dunn Gardner|(Lucy) Cecilia Dunn-Gardner]], later Countess of Scarbrough. Her stepfather since 1899 was the [[Aldred Lumley, 10th Earl of Scarbrough|10th Earl of Scarbrough]].

The Wellesleys had two children :

# [[Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Valerian Wellesley, Marquess Douro]] (later 8th Duke of Wellington), born 2 July 1915
# [[Lady Elizabeth Wellesley]], born 26 December 1918

The marriage failed quickly. Dorothy Wellesley, a poet, was either [[bisexual]] or [[lesbian]]. According to a family memoir written her granddaughter Lady Jane Wellesley,<ref>Lady Jane Wellesley, "Wellington: A Journey Through My Family" (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009)</ref>[http://www.mailonsunday.ie/home/books/article-1087417/The-legacy-Iron-Duke-WELLINGTON-Jane-Wellesley.html] "Dottie" Wellesley left her family to become a lover of [[Vita Sackville-West]] (who wrote [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101036826/ her entry] for the ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'').[http://www.cs.rice.edu/~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/918.html] Curiously, Gerald Wellington had been engaged, before his marriage, to Sackville-West's lover [[Violet Trefusis]].<ref>R.F. Foster, "W.B. Yeats" (Oxford University Press, 2003), page 528</ref> Dottie Wellington later became the lover and long-time companion of [[Hilda Matheson]], a prominent [[BBC]] producer.<ref>R.F. Foster, "W.B. Yeats" (Oxford University Press, 2003), page 528</ref>

One scholar, Frank O'Shea, has claimed that Lord Gerald Wellesley himself was homosexual, while his wife was bisexual.

== References ==

<references/>

== External links ==
* [http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

{{start box}}
{{s-hon}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Lord Lieutenant of the County of London]]
| before = [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|The Marquess of Crewe]]
| after = [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|The Earl Wavell]]
| years = 1944–1949}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Wyndham Portal, 1st Viscount Portal|The Viscount Portal]]
| title = [[Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire]]
| after = [[Alexander Francis St Vincent Baring, 6th Baron Ashburton|The Lord Ashburton]]
| years = 1949–1960}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]
| years = 1943–1972
| before = [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| after = [[Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]}}
{{s-reg|ie}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Earl of Mornington]]
| years = 1943–1972}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]}}
{{s-reg|nl}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| before = [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1943–1972}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| before = [[Lady Anne Rhys|Anne Rhys]]
| after = [[Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| years = 1949–1968}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Old Etonians]]
[[Category:Wellesley family|Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|107]]
[[Category:Dukes da Vitória]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Gerald 7]]
[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Hampshire]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of the County of London]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|107]]

[[pt:Gerald Wellesley, 7.º Duque de Wellington]]

Henry Wellesley, 6. Duke of Wellington

2010-02-21T12:22:26Z

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{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name= The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=11 December 1941 - 16 September 1943
|birth_date={{birth date|1912|7|14|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1943|9|16|1912|7|14|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]] Liliam Coats
}}
'''Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington''' (14 July, 1912 - 16 September, 1943) was the son of [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]] and the Hon. Lilian Maud Glean Coats, daughter of Lord Glentaner. He was styled the [[Earl of Mornington]] between 1912 and 1934 and [[Marquess of Douro]] between 1934 and 1941. His career in the military began with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in 1935 in the [[Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding)]].

He died, aged 31, on 16 September 1943 from wounds received in action while leading a group of [[Commando]]s. He is buried in the British Salerno War Cemetery, Bivio Pratole in the province of [[Salerno]], Italy. At the time of his death he was a Captain in command of a Troop in No 2 Commando, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 'Mad' [[Jack Churchill]].

Both No 2 and No 41 Commando [[Royal Marines]] were engaged at the [[Operation Avalanche (World War II)#Salerno landings|Salerno landings]]. They switched from their initial battle area around Vietri sul Mare, west of Salerno, to a position two to three miles inland of [[Mercatello]], then south east of Salerno. The Germans held and were strengthening three high-ground positions. During the daytime of 16 September, No 2 Commando moved back though a valley around the village of Piegolelle dubbed 'Pigoletti', which had been cleared the night before, intending to capture a hill at the far end referred to as 'Pimple Hill'. However, in the early hours the Germans had sent light forces back into the valley and also strengthened 'Pimple Hill'. On assaulting the hill two troops of commandos were exposed to well-positioned machine-gun fire. The Duke was among the fatalities, hit by a sustained burst from a [[Maschinengewehr 08|Spandau]] position.

As he died without issue, and was the only son of his father, he was succeeded in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom|peerage]] by his uncle, Lord [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Gerald Wellesley]]. His sister [[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo|Anne]] succeeded him as 7th [[Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]].

==External links==
*[http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

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| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
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| after = [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Gerald Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
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| years = 1941–1943}}
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| after = [[Lady Anne Rhys|Anne Rhys]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]

[[Category:Wellesley family|Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|106]]
[[Category:Dukes da Vitória]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|106]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Henry 6]]
[[Category:Duke of Wellington's Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:British military personnel killed in World War II]]

Henry Wellesley, 6. Duke of Wellington

2010-02-21T12:22:26Z

Demophon: /* External links */

Arthur Wellesley, 5. Duke of Wellington

2010-02-21T12:22:05Z

Demophon: /* External links */

{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name=The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=18 June 1934 - 11 December 1941
|birth_date={{birth date|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1941|12|11|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] Kathleen Bulkeley-Williams
|spouse=Lilian Coats
|issue=[[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]] [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
}}
'''Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington''' (9 June 1876 – 11 December 1941) was the son of [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] and Kathleen Bulkeley Williams.

He attended [[Eton College|Eton]] between 1890 and 1895. He then attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. He joined the [[Grenadier Guards]] and fought in the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]] in 1900, and later in [[World War I]]. In 1934 he succeeded to the Dukedom; he was also a [[Justice of the Peace]].

Wellington married Hon. Lilian Maud Glen Coats, the daughter of the [[George Coats, 1st Baron Glentanar]] in 1909. He had two children: [[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]] (1910 - 1998), and Captain [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]] (1912 - 1943).

==Far right==
The Duke was a supporter of several [[far right-wing]] causes. He was a member of the [[Anglo-German Fellowship]] from 1935 and served as President of the [[Liberty Restoration League]], which was described by Inspector Pavey (an ex-Scotland Yard detective employed by the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] to infiltrate the far right) as being [[Anti-semitism|anti-semitic]]. When [[Archibald Maule Ramsay]] formed the '[[Right Club]]' in 1939, Wellington chaired its early meetings. Ramsay, describing the Right Club, boasted that "The main objective was to oppose and expose the activities of organised Jewry." <ref>http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/126784</ref> On the day that World War II broke out, The Duke of Wellington was quoted as blaming the conflict on "those f--king Jews". <ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6570240/Stephen-Poliakoff-Anti-semitism-will-always-be-around.html</ref>

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

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| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]''' 1934–1941
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
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| years = }}
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| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
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{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duke of Wellington|Duque de Vitória]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
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[[Category:Wellesley family|Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
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[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers|Wellesley, Arthur, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|105]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Arthur 5]]

Anne Salmond

2010-02-05T18:22:08Z

Demophon: No academic degrees and titles acc. WP:MOSBIO

{{Inline|date=October 2009}}

'''Dame Mary Anne Salmond''', [[Dame Commander of the British Empire|DBE]], [[Royal Society of New Zealand|FRSNZ]], [[British Academy|FBA]], [http://www.humanities.org.nz/academy '''FNZAH'''] (born 1945) is a [[New Zealand]] historian, anthropologist and writer.

==Background==
Salmond was born in [[Wellington]] in 1945 and grew up in [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]]. She was educated at the [[University of Auckland]] and the [[University of Pennsylvania]].

==Family==
She and her husband Jeremy live in [[Auckland]] and have three children. In 2000, she and her husband initiated the ecological restoration of Longbush Reserve in Gisborne. {{fact|date=October 2009}}

==Career==
Salmond is a Distinguished Professor of Maori Studies and Anthropology at the [[University of Auckland]]. For many years she worked closely with Eruera Stirling and Amiria Stirling, noted elders of [[Te Whānau-ā-Apanui]] and [[Ngati Porou]]. Their collaboration led to three books about [[Maori]] life:
* ''Hui: A Study of Maori Ceremonial Gatherings'' (1975) – awarded the Elsdon Best memorial gold medal for distinction in Maori ethnology in 1976
* ''Amiria: The Life of a Maori Woman'', which won a Wattie Book of the Year Award in 1977
* ''Eruera: Teachings of a Maori Elder'' won first prize in the Wattie Book of the Year Awards in 1981

Salmond's work then turned to cross-cultural encounters in the Pacific, resulting in a series of works:
* ''Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans 1642-1772'' (1991) which won the National Book Award (Non-Fiction) in 1991, and the Ernest Scott Prize in 1992
* ''Between Worlds: Early Exchanges Between Maori and Europeans 1773-1815'' (1997) which won the [[Ernest Scott]] Prize in 1998
* ''The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: Captain Cook in the South Seas'' (2003), which won the History Category and the Montana Medal for Non Fiction at the [[Montana New Zealand Book Awards]] 2004
* ''Aphrodite's Island: the European Discovery of Tahiti'' (in press).

In 2004, Salmond received the Prime Minister's Award for Literary Achievement for non-fiction. She is currently writing a book about [[William Bligh]] in Tahiti. {{fact|date=October 2009}}

Salmond has served on the boards of the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, the Museum of New Zealand, and she was chair of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust from 2001 to 2007. She was Pro-Vice Chancellor (Equal Opportunity) at the University of Auckland from 1997 to 2006. {{fact|date=October 2009}}

==Honours==
In 1988 she received the [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] for services to literature and the Maori people and in 1990 she was made a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of New Zealand]]. In 1995 she became a [[Dame Commander of the British Empire]] for services to New Zealand history.

In November 2007, she was elected as an inaugural Fellow of the New Zealand Academy for the Humanities, [[Te Mātanga o Te Whāinga Aronui]]. In 2008, she was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the [[British Academy]], and in 2009, she was elected a Foreign Associate of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] – the first New Zealander known to have achieved this double distinction. {{fact|date=October 2009}}

==External links==
*[http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/ancestors/salmond.htm Anne Salmond interview with Alan Macfarlane, 19 November 2004]
*[http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writers/salmondanne.html Salmond entry at New Zealand Book Council website]
*[http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/elections/2008/salmond-a.cfm BRITAC.org]
*[http://www.humanities.org.nz/academy New Zealand Academy of the Humanities]
*[http://www.longbushreserve.org/ Longbush Reserve website]
*[http://www.historic.org.nz/news/media_releases/2000_12_13.html New Zealand media coverage of Dame Anne Salmond]
*[http://www.edgenz.com/whoweare/Education/Index.asp Edgenz.com]
*[http://www.transitofvenus.co.nz/explorations/index4.html Transit of Venus website (NZ)]
*[http://www.knowledgewave.org.nz/forum_2003/speeches/Salmond%20A.pdf Knowledge Wave.org website (NZ)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salmond, Anne}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
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[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
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[[Category:New Zealand academics]]
[[Category:New Zealand anthropologists]]
[[Category:New Zealand historians]]
[[Category:New Zealand writers]]
[[Category:People from Auckland]]
[[Category:People from Wellington]]
[[Category:University of Auckland alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]

Rennie Fritchie, Baroness Fritchie

2010-02-05T18:20:13Z

Demophon:

'''Irene Tordoff "Rennie" Fritchie, Baroness Fritchie''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] (born 29 April 1942, [[Fife]], [[Scotland]]) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] public servant.

Educated at Ribston Hall Grammar School for Girls in [[Gloucester]], she has had a long career specialising in training and development. Now described as a 'portfolio' worker, Lady Fritchie holds various positions in addition to that of [http://www.ocpa.gov.uk/index.asp United Kingdom Commissioner for Public Appointments], including President of the Pennell Initiative for Women’s Health in Later Life.

In the 1970s, she was one of the first full-time women’s training advisers and pioneered the training of staff in the then new Equal Opportunities Commission. Using a German Marshall Fellowship awarded in 1985, she drew lessons from the [[United States of America]] for the [[United Kingdom]] for programmes to improve the status of women. She has published extensively on these topics and contributes regularly on them to programmes on television and radio.

Becoming Commissioner for Public Appointments in 1999, renewed in 2002 and extended in 2005, neither diminished Lady Fritchie’s professional life nor deflected her from helping others. She holds an honorary Professorship in Creative Leadership at York University and is Pro-Chancellor at Southampton University, a Civil Service Commissioner and Vice-Chair of the Stroud and Swindon Building Society.

Active in a number of charities, Fritchie has been awarded [[honorary degree]]s by a number of academic institutions.

Fritchie became a [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in 1996. In 2005 she was made a [[life peer]] as '''Baroness Fritchie''', of Gloucester in the County of Gloucestershire, and she sits as a [[crossbencher]] in the [[House of Lords]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fritchie, Rennie}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
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[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Female life peers]]
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[[Category:People's peers]]

{{Scotland-bio-stub}}

Jane Drew

2010-02-05T18:13:48Z

Demophon:

{{article issues
| POV=June 2009
| long=June 2009
}}
'''Dame Jane Drew''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]], [[Royal Institute of British Architects|FRIBA]] (24 March 1911 – 27 July 1996) was an English [[modern architecture|modernist architect]] and town planner. She qualified at the AA School in London, and prior to World War II became one of the leading exponents of the [[Modern Movement]] in London.

At the time she had her first office, with the idea of employing only female architects, architecture was a male dominated profession. She was active during and after World War II, designing social and public housing in England, West Africa, India and Iran.
With her second husband [[Maxwell Fry]] she worked in West Africa designing schools and universities, and with Fry and [[Pierre Jeanneret]], on the housing at [[Chandigarh]], the new capital of the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. She designed buildings in [[Ghana]], [[Nigeria]], [[Iran]] and [[Sri Lanka]], and she wrote books on what she had learnt about architecture there. In London she did social housing, buildings for the [[Festival of Britain]], and helped to establish the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts]]. After retiring from practice she travelled and lectured abroad, receiving several honorary degrees. She was awarded the [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] in the 1996 [[New Years Honours List]], seven months before her death.

==Life==
===Early life (1911–1928)===
Drew was born as '''Iris Estelle Radcliffe Drew'''<ref>The 1911 census of England and Wales, taken on the night of 2 April, recorded her as '''Iris Estelle Radcliffe Drew''', aged 10 days.</ref>  in [[Thornton Heath]], [[Croydon]], [[Surrey]], but her name was registered a few days later as '''Joyce Beverly Drew'''.<ref>However on her birth certificate, dated 27 April 1911, her name is registered as Joyce Beverly Drew</ref> Her father, Harry Guy Radcliffe Drew, was a designer of surgical instruments and the founder of the British Institute of Surgical Technicians. He was a [[humanism|humanist]] who ''"despised the profit motive and abhorred cruelty"''. Her mother was Emma Spering Jones, a school teacher, who when Jane was only four became lame for the rest of her life as the result of a road accident: but she continued to care well for her two daughters, encouraging them in her two main interests which were observation of nature and appreciation of art, and she had a keen business sense. Her sister, Dorothy Drew, was a physician.

Jane Drew was educated at Woodford House School in Croydon then at [[Croydon High School]]. Among her friends at Woodford House were actresses [[Peggy Ashcroft]] and [[Diana Wynyard]]; and at Croydon High she was friends with the mural artist and book illustrator [[Barbara Jones (artist)|Barbara Jones]] (1912-1978), and the popular women's rights campaigner [[Beatrice Seear, Baroness Seear|Beatrice "Nancy" Seear, later Baroness Seear]].

===Pre-war (1929–1939)===
Jane studied at the [[Architectural Association School of Architecture]] (1929-1934). In 1933 she married architect James Alliston, who had been a fellow-student at the AA. They won a competition for a hospital in Devon, after which she joined Alliston's practice. Their small practice (Alliston & Drew) was at 24 Woburn Square in London, and their principal work was housing in [[Winchester]]. Jane and Jim had twin daughters, Jennifer and Georgina (born 1937), but the marriage was dissolved in 1939.

===Modern Movement===
Jane Drew soon became involved in the Modern Movement, through the ''[[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne]] (CIAM)'', whose guiding spirit was the Swiss architect [[Le Corbusier]], and became one of the principal founders of the Modern Movement in Britain, which was represented by [[MARS Group|MARS]] (Modern Architectural ReSearch), CIAM's British subsidiary. It was an association of architects, painters and industrialists, and its stated principle was the ''"use of space for human activity rather than the manipulation of stylised convention"''. It was through this group that she met and made great friends with [[Henry Moore]], Le Corbusier, [[Elizabeth Lutyens]], and most importantly [[Maxwell Fry]] (one of the co-founders of the movement) whom she married in 1942.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

===War time (1939–1945)===
Architecture at the time was a male-dominated profession. When Jane practised alone in the war years between 1939 and 1944, her office was at 12 King Street, St. James, London. Initially she employed only female architects, though later this changed. Her work included:
*1940 Walton Yacht Works at [[Walton on Thames]], near London
*1941 Kitchen Planning Exhibition, Dorland Hall, Lower Regent Street, London
*1941-1943 Consultancy to the British Commercial Gas Association 'designed by women for women'
*1943 The 'Rebuilding Britain' exhibition at the [[National Gallery (London)|National Gallery]], London
*1944 Temporary office at 12 Bedford Square after the King Street office was bombed (with Riehm Marcus, Trevor Dannatt, K. Linden and F.I. Marcus)
*1944-1945 Assistant Planning Adviser to the Resident Minister for the West African Colonies

===Post-war period (1946–1959)===
After the war she into business partnership with [[Maxwell Fry]] as Fry, Drew and Partners, then later with others. From January 1946 their practice was at 63 Gloucester Place, London W.1. (above which she and Max had a flat which was their home)<ref>Mentioned in a letter from her sister Dorothy Drew</ref>, and in 1962 a second office was opened at 3 Albany Terrace. She was in practice with Max until 1977.
*1946-1950 Practised as Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew
*1946-1962 Jane was founder-editor and joint editor (with Trevor Dannatt) of the Architects' Year Book, brainchild of publisher Paul Elek
*1946 The '[[Britain Can Make It]]' exhibition at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
*1948 [[Ghana]]: [[Mampong]] Teacher's Training College and [[Prempeh College]] in [[Kumasi]] (with Maxwell Fry)
*1949 Hospital building for the [[Kuwait]] Oil Company
*1949 [[Harlow]] New Town: The Chantry and Tanys Dell estates: 3- & 4-bedroom terraced houses (with Maxwell Fry)
*1950 [[Ghana]]: [[Adisadel College]] and [[Wesley Girls' High School]] in the town of [[Cape Coast]] (with Maxwell Fry)
*1950 Passfields flats in [[Lewisham]], London (with Maxwell Fry)
*1950 Interior design for the ICA ([[Institute of Contemporary Arts]]) at 17/18 Dover Street, London (with Maxwell Fry, and the collaboration of [[Eduardo Paolozzi]], Nigel Henderson, Neil Morris and [[Terence Conran]]). Jane played an important part in its relocation to Carlton House Terrace in 1964.
*1951-1958 Practised as Fry, Drew, Drake and Lasdun (with Lindsey Drake and [[Denys Lasdun]])
*1951 New Schools building, the Waterloo entrance tower and the Riverside Restaurant <ref>Mary Banham & Bevis Hillier (eds), ''A Tonic to the Nation: The Festival of Britain 1951'' (London: Thames & Hudson, 1976), p. 103 Jane Drew ''The Riverside Restaurant''</ref> for the [[Festival of Britain]] (with Maxwell Fry)
*1951-1954 In collaboration with [[Le Corbusier]] and his cousin [[Pierre Jeanneret]], Jane and Max worked as senior architects on much of the housing of [[Chandigarh]], the new capital of western part of the divided [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] in India. Jane persuaded Le Corbusier to involve himself in the project and he redesigned Albert Meyer's original master plan. Le Corbusier left most of the design to Jane, Max and Jeanneret, and they had the collaboration of a team of Indian architects (including [[B. V. Doshi]]) on this vast project. {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

==Other works==
*1953-1959 Buildings in [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]]: the University College (with Maxwell Fry), the Cooperative Bank, and an Assembly Hall and Maisonettes
*1953 Flats at Whitefoot Lane, Downham Estate, [[Lewisham]], London (with Maxwell Fry)
*1955 Housing at Masjid-i-Suleiman (the first oil site in the middle east) for Oil Company employees and planning of a new oilfield town at [[Gachsaran]], South Iran
*1955-1958 Worked with [[Denys Lasdun]] on the design of the Usk Street Housing Estate in [[Bethnal Green]], London
*1958-1973 Practised as Fry, Drew and Partners (with Frank Knight and Norman Creamer)
*1959 Cooperative Bank, Offices and Shop, [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]
*1959 Cooperative Bank, Assembly Hall and Maisonettes, [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]]
*1959 Gulf House, Gulf Oil Company, London

===Later years (1960–1978)===
*1960 Lionel Wendt Art Memorial Centre, [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
*1962 Fry, Drew & Partners opened a second office, at 3 Albany Terrace, London NW1
*1964 Training Centre, Apowa, [[Ghana]]
*1964 Housing in the English towns of [[Hatfield]], [[Harlow]] (Mark Hall neighbourhood) and [[Welwyn]]
*1964 Shell Headquarters in [[Singapore]]
*1964-1966 Conversion of 12 [[Carlton House Terrace]] for the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts|ICA]], London
*1965 [[Ahmadu Bello]] Stadium and Swimming Pool, [[Kaduna]], [[Nigeria]]
*1965 Women's' Teacher Training College, [[Kano]], [[Nigeria]]
*1965 Hotel in [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
*1967 [[Margaret Pyke]] Memorial (Family Planning) Centre, London (opened by the [[Duke of Edinburgh]])
*1968 [[Torbay Hospital]] and Nurses' Residence, [[Torquay]], Devon
*1968 School for Deaf Children, [[Herne Hill]], London
*1969-1977 Buildings for the [[Open University]], [[Milton Keynes]], Buckinghamshire
*1970 [[Carlton House Terrace]] Art Gallery, London
*1973 [[Gestetner]] Building, [[Stirling]], Scotland
*1977 [[Mauritius]] Institute of Education (with Maxwell Fry)
*1979 [[St. Paul's Girls' School]], London Science Block

===Retirement (1978–1996)===
[[File:Lake House Rowfant 1981.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Party at The Lake House, 1981]]
[[File:Jane Drew at West Lodge 1991.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Jane Drew at West Lodge, 1991]]
Max had retired in 1973, but Jane continued working until 1978. They already had a country 'retreat' called "The Lake House", at Rowfant near [[Crawley]] in [[Sussex]], where they often spent leisure time with friends and family. It was a large house, to which they added a studio-flat which literally overlooked the fishing lake, and Jane presided over many memorable house and garden parties. Eventually they decided to sell it and find somewhere easier to manage in their retirement. They were staying with a friend in [[Cotherstone]], [[Teesdale]], [[County Durham]] when they heard that the next door house was for sale and almost immediately bought it. In 1983 they moved to "West Lodge". They remained active, in making a new home, with gardening and village social life. There was a studio for Max - their living room was dominated by Max's mural of the [[River Balder|River Balder Railway viaduct]].

In 1984, Jane gave a great party for Max's 85th birthday, at nearby [[Lartington]] Hall: there were over 200 guests - friends and family. Two years later she was presented with a 150-page book of ''gratulari'' inscribed ''"Jane B. Drew, architect. A tribute from colleagues and friends for her 75th birthday, 24 March 1986"''<ref>Bristol Centre for the Advancement of Architecture, ''Jane B. Drew, architect. A tribute from colleagues and friends for her 75th birthday, 24th March 1986'' Editorial Group: Sile Flower, Jean Macfarlane, Ruth Plant. ISBN 0-9510759-0-X</ref>.The list of contributors includes:

Maxwell Fry ''(Introductory Poem)'', Jean Sabbagh <ref>Contre-Amiral Jean Sabbagh, son of [[Agnès Humbert]] and brother of French film actor/director [[France 2|Pierre Sabbagh]]) was a Submariner and in World War II was advisor to General [[Charles de Gaulle]].</ref>, Síle Flower<ref>Síle Flower, BA, first met Jane at Croydon High School, worked in the Foreign Office and was in 1950-1959 official translator with the Shell Company in East Africa</ref>,Lesley Donaldson <ref>Lesley Donaldson was daughter of the sub-Dean of [[Westminster Abbey]]</ref>, Maurice Down <ref>Maurice Down (OBE) was a cousin of Jane's father, Harry Guy Radcliffe Drew, and on the death of Harry Drew became Chairman of Down Brothers, the family firm of surgical instrument designers and manufacturers </ref>, Leonie Cohn <ref>Leonie Cohn (Hon. FRIBA) was a freelance audio-visual producer</ref>, Hugh Crallan <ref>Hugh Crallan was a contemporary of Jane at the AA</ref>, Michael Thornley <ref>Michael Thornley was a contemporary of Jane's at the AA</ref>, Ruth Plant <ref>Ruth Plant (M.Litt, RIBA, AA Dip.) was a contemporary of Jane's at the AA</ref>, Phyllis Dobbs <ref>Phyllis Dobbs whad been Jane's friend ever since her husband Richard was a young paedriatrician involved in helping Jane with her twin children</ref>, Ed Lewis <ref>Ed Lewis was an architect and planner with GLC housing experience </ref>, Dorothy Morland <ref>Dorothy Morland was Director of the ICA (1968-1970)</ref>, Maud Hatmil<ref> Maud Hatmil was born in [[British Guyana]], nanny to Jane's children and later housekeeper and family friend</ref>, Diana Rowntree <ref> Diana Rowntree (AA Dip., RIBA) was Architecture Correspondent to ''The Guardian'', and first met Jane at the AA</ref>, Rodney Thomas <ref> Rodney Thomas was a painter. He taught at the Chelsea School of Art and other colleges</ref>, John Terry <ref> John Terry was an architect, the only member of Jane's staff in 1940 </ref>, Trevor Dannatt<ref> Trevor Dannatt (Dipl. Arch., MA, RA, FRIBA). was one of Jane's staff in 1943 at King Street, St. James; with her help he founded the ''Architects' Year Book''</ref>, Riehm Marcus <ref> Riehm Marcus was an artist and illustrator, born as Helen Riehm, was the wife of architect F.I. Marcus, refugees from Hitler's Germany in [[World War 2]]</ref>, Anthony Bell <ref> Anthony Bell, author, worked in publishing for Lund Humphries, and for Jane at Gloucester Place</ref>, Norman Creamer <ref> Norman Creamer was an RAF pilot in [[World War 2]] and joined Max and Jane in 1946, becoming a partner in 1960. He worked entirely on the overseas projects</ref>, [[Peter Thomas Dunican|Peter Dunican]]<ref>Peter Dunican (CBE, FEng, FICE, FIStructE, FiEI) was Chairman of Ove Arup Partnership </ref>, Luke Gertler <ref> Luke Gertler, son of the artist [[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]], stayed at the flat in Gloucester Place when he was a child, and made friends with Jane's children. He later studied music and became a teacher</ref>, Frank Knight<ref>Frank Knight (AA Dipl. Hons., ARIBA, MRTPI Hons.) joined Fry, Drew in 1947 and became a partner in 1960. He worked with Jane at Masjid-i-Suleiman in [[Iran]] </ref>, John Lomax and Heather Hughes <ref>John Lomax joined Jane's office in 1948 and worked with Max and Jane on housing in Ghana </ref>, Joan Cheverton <ref>Dr. Rex and Mrs Joan Cheverton worked with Jane in Nigeria from 1947 </ref>, Stephen Macfarlane <ref>Stephen Macfarlane (AA Dipl. Hons., FRIBA) taught architecture in Bristol</ref>, Lleky Papastavrou and Penelope "Penny" Hughes<ref> Lleky Papastavrou and her sister Penny Hughes were daughters of the author and poet [[Richard Hughes (writer)|Richard Hughes]]; Max, Jane and the twins often stayed with the Hughes family in Wales, and the Hughes family once "borrowed" Gloucester Place when Max and Jane were abroad. Their children all attended the same boarding school</ref>, Otto Koenigsberger <ref> Otto Koenigsberger, an architectural scientist, was Development Planner at [[University College, London]]. </ref>, Theo Crosby <ref>Theo Crosby (ARA, RIBA, FSIAD) worked at Gloucester place just after the war, and as a thinker and writer showed that he was very much aware of the place and value of Max and Jane in the Modern Movement</ref>, Norman and Kay Starrett<ref>Norman Starrett, (B.Arch; Liverpool) and his wife Kay both started as junior partners with Max and Jane, in the 1951 Festival of Britain team </ref>, Geoffrey Knight<ref>Geoffrey Knight (FRIBA) worked in Ghana (then the "Gold Coast") for Jane and Max 1947-1957 and 1964-1966 </ref>, Minnette de Silva <ref>Minnette da Silva (RIBA, SLIA), a native of [[Sri Lanka]] met Max and Jane at a CIAM meeting and had personal recollections of Jane after Chandigarh </ref>, Ian Robertson <ref>Ian Robertson (FRICS) worked with Jane on the Torbay Hospital, and later became coordinator for the interior of the liner QE2</ref>, Dennis Lennon<ref>Dennis Lennon (CBE, MC, FRIBA, FRSA, FSIA) had been an army major in [[World War 2]]. He worked for Max and Jane on an Officer's Club in [[Accra]], [[Ghana]]. He later designed the sets for the [[Richard Strauss]] opera ''[[Capriccio (opera)|Capriccio]]'' at [[Glyndebourne]]</ref>, Sean Graham <ref>Sean Graham was a writer and film-maker, and he was in charge of the Ghana Film Unit when he met Jane</ref>, John Godwin and Gillian Hopwood <ref>John Godwin (OBE, FRIBA, FNIA, AA Dipl.(Hons), AI.Arb) and Gillian Hopwood (FRIBA, FNIA, AA Dipl.) both worked with Max and Jane in [[Nigeria]], on the University College of Ibadan, using "appropriate technology", i.e. cheap local materials</ref>, [[Achyut Kanvinde]], Gopal Khosla <ref>G.D. Khosla (BA (Cantab)) was a Punjab High Court Judge. He was instrumental in selecting Le Corbusier and later Jane and Max for the Chandigarh project
</ref>, [[Peggy Angus]], Eulie Chowdhury <ref>Mrs Eulie Chowdhury worked with the Corbusier team on the Chandigarh project </ref>, Shireen Mahdavi <ref>Shireen Mahdavi (BSc., MA) first met Jane at her boarding school. She felt forced by the new régime to leave Iran, and is now (2008) an adjunct professor in the Department of History at the [[University of Utah]], specialising in [[Iran]]ian social and economic issues</ref>, Neil Wates<ref>Neil Wates was director of Wates, the builders </ref>, Lady Mary Pickard<ref>
Lady Pickard lived near Jane and Max; she was a Civil Servant in the Overseas Development Administration until 1983, married to Sir Cyril Pickard (KCMG)
</ref>,Sián Flower <ref>Sián Flower's husband, Patrick Flower, was a Civil Engineer; Sián Flower recalled how Jane helped their son who suffered from [[multiple sclerosis]]</ref>, Marion Gair <ref> Marion Gair (MA) worked for Peter Gregory at publishers Lund Humphries </ref>, Peter and Christine Rawsthorne <ref> Peter Rawsthorne was an architecture correspondent to the ''News Chronicle''</ref>, Michael Raymond <ref> Michael Raymond was a consultant psychiatrist; he wrote
a poem, ''Rowfant Lake'', for Jane </ref>, [[Sir Hugh Casson]], [[Cedric Price]], [[Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge|Baroness Lee]], Delia Tyrwhitt<ref>Delia Tyrwhitt first met Jane and Max in Chandigarh in 1953</ref>, Lord Reilly<ref>Sir Paul Reilly, Director of the [[Design Council]]</ref>, [[Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones|Lord Elwyn-Jones]], [[William MacQuitty]], Arnold Whittick<ref> Arnold Whittick was an art and architectural historian</ref>, Elizabeth and Mervyn Dalley<ref>Mervyn Dalley (CMG, MA (Cantab)) and his wife, Elizabeth, first met Jane in Iran at Masjid-i-Suleiman, when Jane stayed with them; they remained friends, and years later Jane converted their old rectory house in England. Mervyn Dailey wrote a note on Jane's work in Iran</ref>, Romi Khosla<ref>Romi Khosla (BA (Cantab), AA Dipl.), son of High Court Judge G. D. Khosla (a friend of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]), was an accountant who, under Jane's guidance switched careers to architecture </ref>, Roz Jacobs<ref>Roza Jacobs was Vice President and Fashion Director of Macy's store in New York ''"...a good and loyal friend"''</ref>, Noma Copley <ref>Noma Copley was a jewellery designer, earlier married to the painter [[William Copley (artist)|William Copley]]</ref>, Kenane Barlow <ref>Kenane Barlow (wife of Peter Barlow) ''"and the five Barlows"'' wrote Jane an affectionate poem. Peter had met Jane on the Torbay express to London </ref>, Sergei Kadleigh<ref>Sergei Kadleigh (AA Dipl. (Hons), ARIBS) was a Russian-born British architect</ref>, Maria Luisa Plant Zaccheo<ref>Maria Luisa Plant Zaccheo, (Dr. Arch.(Rome), ARIBA) was an associate in Jane's office 1971-1980</ref>, [[Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman|Lord Goodman]], Lady Jean Medawar<ref> Jean Medawar was a pioneer in family planning; Jane designed the Margaret Pyke Centre for her </ref>, Arunendu Das<ref>Arun Das worked in Jane's office on the Margaret Pyke Centre</ref>, J.R. Bhalla <ref> Jai Rattan Bhalla, (FRIBA, FHS, FVI, HFAIA) was President of the Indian Institute of Architects. Although not involved in the Chandigarh project, he was appreciative of Jane's interest in the training of young Indian architects </ref>, The Lord Perry <ref> Walter Laing Macdonald Perry, Lord Perry of Walton (OBE, FRSE), was a pharmacologist and vice-chancellor of the Open University (1921-2003). Lord Perry was instrumental in the planning of the [[Open University]] and Jane was his development architect </ref>, [[Victor Pasmore]], Mike Lacey <ref> Mike Lacey was Director of Lovell Construction on the OU project at Milton Keynes</ref>, Nigel Wood <ref>Nigel Wood (MA, C.Eng., MICE, MCIOB) was a craftsman builder who worked for Jane on the OU project at [[Milton Keynes]], St Pauls Girls' School, Carlton House Terrace and Jane's own flat and offices </ref>, Peter Greenham <ref>Peter Greenham (CBE, RA, PPRBA) was a renowned portrait painter</ref>, Sunita Kanvinde <ref> Sunita Kanvinde was a student of painting and graphics in [[Delhi]] and was helped by Jane when she came to England</ref>, Tony Forrest<ref>Tony Forrest (DA (Edin.)) was a building contractor and artist, specialising in combining architecture and landscapes with human elements</ref>, [[Heather Brigstocke, Baroness Brigstocke|Heather Brigstocke]], [[Peter Murray (Architect)|Peter Murray]], [[Berthold Lubetkin]], Frances Webb Leishman <ref> Frances Webb Leishman was the American wife of a retired British diplomat and merchant banker, and a freelance journalist, who once interviewed Jane for ''Woman's Hour'' </ref>, Robert Bliss<ref>Robert L. Bliss (FAIA) was Dean of Architecture at the University of Utah when, in 1975, Jane visited [[Salt Lake City]] during her lecture tour of the United States </ref>, Viren Sahai<ref>Viren Sahai (OBE, DipTP., ARIBA) was born in India, studied architecture, painting and town planning and was Chairman of the Bristol Centre for the Advancement of Architecture</ref>, Sir [[John Summerson]]<ref>Sir John Summerson (CBE, FBA) contributed an extract from an essay on [[Batty Langley]]</ref>, Patrick Harrison<ref>Patrick Harrison (CBE) met Jane while he was secretary of the RIBA </ref>, Ebenezer Akita <ref>Ebenezer Akita (AA Dip., ARIBA, FGIA) was President of the Ghana Institute of Architects</ref>, [[Charles Correa]], and Olufemi Majekodunmi<ref>Olufemi Majekodunmi (D.ARch., ARIBA, FNIA, FI.Arb) was President of the Nigerian Institute of Architects, and reviewed Jane's work on the University of [[Ibadan]]</ref>.

==Death==
Max died in 1987. Jane Drew died from cancer in 1996, aged 85. She was buried next to her husband near St. Romald's church in [[Romaldkirk]].

==Friends==
Among her personal friends and associates were;
[[Alvar Aalto]] and [[Ove Arup]], architects <ref>Jones, Peter: ''"Ove Arup: Master Builder of the Twentieth Century"'', Yale University Press, 2006</ref>; artists Delia Tyrwhitt <ref>Delia Tyrwhitt, sister-in-law of town planner [[Jacqueline Tyrwhitt]] (FILA, AMPTI, Sp. Dip.) first met Max and Jane in Chandigarh in 1953 </ref>, [[Eduardo Paolozzi]], [[Marcel Duchamp]], [[Barbara Hepworth]], [[Roland Penrose]], [[Peggy Angus]], [[Ben Nicholson]] and [[Lynn Chadwick]]<ref>Major English sculptor Lynn Chadwick (1914-2003) did a huge mobile for Jane and Max at the 1951 Festival of Britain</ref>; art and design promoters [[Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler]] and Peter Gregory<ref>Eric Gregory (known as Peter Gregory) was chairman of the important publishers Lund Humphries, and provided his blessing and financial backing to many projects involving modern art and design in various forms</ref>; playwright and theatre producer [[Benn Levy]]; poet, literary critic, and philosopher of modern art [[Herbert Read]]; writers [[Richard Hughes]] and [[Kathleen Raine]]; politician-reformers [[Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge|Jennie Lee]], [[Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman|Lord Goodman]] and [[Pandit Nehru]]; actress [[Constance Cummings]]; and composer [[Elizabeth Lutyens]].

==Tribute==
Extracts from the poem by Maxwell Fry<ref>''Jane B. Drew, architect, A tribute from her colleagues and friends for her 75th birthday 24th March 1986'', page 1</ref> which introduces the 1986 "Tribute":

::She was naughty when small
:::And has not changed at all
:::At over three score and ten
:::She is, as then.

:...Let her be beautiful and kind;''
::Creative, managing, assertive but quite modest too;
::Firm but good-hearted; skilled but not too refined;
::Intent of purpose; reasonable; true.

:Let her be imaginative but in judgement calm;
::Careless of figures but prompt in the account;
::Superior to pain, but quick to furnish balm;
::Indifferent to rank or persons but a fount
::Of care and inspiration for the needier kind;
::Fond and protective in the family weal;...

:She shall have also a unique power to understand,
::A fearful energy, and a childlike faith to guide
::Her through life's labyrinthine maze,
::Impulses as quick as lightning, and though some fail
::And miss their mark, others will soon erase
::The error, and she will triumphantly prevail.

:Look around you and you will see them all in action.
::Turning the weak to strong, the loss to gain,
::And high among them to my great satisfaction,
::Blow me, if I do not see my Jane.

==Awards and honours==
*1961 Beamis Professor, [[MIT]] (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), U.S.A.
*1966 Hon [[LL.D.]], [[University of Ibadan]], Nigeria
*1970 Visiting Professor, [[Harvard University]], U.S.A.
*1973 Honorary Doctorate, [[Open University]], [[Milton Keynes]], England
*1976 Bicentennial Professor, [[University of Utah]], U.S.A.
*1978 Honorary Fellow of the [[American Institute of Architects]]
*1985 Honorary Fellow of the [[Nigerian Institute of Architects]], [[Lagos]], Nigeria
*1987 Honorary DLitt, [[Newcastle University]], England
*1994 Honorary DArch, [[University of the Witwatersrand]], [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]
*1996 [[DBE]] (Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the New Year Honours
*Honorary Fellow, [[University of Hull]], England

==Positions==
*President of the [[Architectural Association]] (1969-1970)
*Member of the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] Advisory Board
*Member of the City of London Advisory Committee for Conservation Areas
*Member of the [[Chartered Institute of Arbitrators]]
*Hon. Fellow of the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts]]
*Visiting Professor, [[Antwerp]], Belgium
*Visiting Professor, [[Harvard]], U.S.A.
*Member of the [[R.I.B.A.]] Council (1964-1970) and (1971-1974)

==Publications==
*Jane and Maxwell Fry, ''Architecture for Children''.<ref>''Architecture for Children'' is dedicated "to Ann, Jennifer and Georgina" (Max's daughter and Jane's twin daughters)</ref> London: George Allen and Unwin, 1944. Republished 1976 as ''Architecture and the Environment''.
*Jane B. Drew. ed. ''Architects' Year Book''. London: Paul Elek, 1945 ISBN 978-0236154319. Jane Drew was the founder of the Architects' Year Book.
*Jane B. Drew, ed. ''Architects' Year Book 2''. London: Paul Elek, 1947.
*Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, ''Village Housing in the Tropics with special reference to West Africa'', In collaboration with Harry L. Ford. London: Lund Humphries, 1947.
*Jane B. Drew and Trevor Dannatt, eds. ''Architects' Year Book 3''. London: Paul Elek, 1949.
*Jane B. Drew and Trevor Dannatt, eds. ''Architects' Year Book 4''. London: Paul Elek, 1952.
*E. Maxwell Fry and Jane B. Drew, ''Chandigarh and Planning Development in India'', London: Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, No.4948, 1 April 1955, Vol.CIII, pages 315-333. I. ''The Plan'', by E. Maxwell Fry, II. ''Housing'', by Jane B. Drew.
*E. Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, ''Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zone''. London: Batsford, 1956.
*E. Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, ''Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones''. New York: Reinhold, 1964.
*Jane and Maxwell Fry, ''Architecture and the Environment''. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1976. ISBN 978-0047200205 Republication of 1944 ''Architecture for Children''.

==Bibliography==
*Kiran Joshi, ''Documenting Chandigarh: The Indian Architecture of Pierre Jeanneret, Edwin Maxwell Fry and Jane Beverly Drew''. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing in association with Chandigarh College of Architecture, 1999. ISBN 189020613X
*Sile Flower, Jean Macfarlane, Ruth Plant, ''Jane B. Drew, architect: A tribute from her colleagues and friends for her 75th birthday 24 March 1986''. Bristol: Bristol Centre for the Advancement of Architecture, 1986. ISBN 0-9510759-0-X

==Audio recordings==
*1970 [http://sounds.bl.uk/View.aspx?item=021M-1CDR0003140X-0300V0.xml British Library Archival Sound Recordings: Drew, Jane, former president of the Architectural Association. Bow Dialogues] Jane Drew in conversation with Joseph McCulloch, Rector of St Mary-le-Bow Church.
*1995 [http://sounds.bl.uk/View.aspx?item=021M-C0467X0003XX-0200V0.xml British Library Archival Sound Recordings. NLSC: Architects Lives] Jane Drew interviewed by Margaret Garlake (4 tapes F4823/4/5/6)
*1995 [http://sounds.bl.uk/View.aspx?item=021M-C0467X0003XX-0100V0.xml British Library Archival Sound Recordings. NLSC: Architects Lives] Jane Drew, interview with her grandniece Oriana Mitton (1 tape F4827)

==References==
{{No footnotes|date=June 2009}}
*[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960801/ai_n14070599/pg_1 ''The Independent'' (London), 1 August 1996, Obituary by Shusha Guppy]
*''The Times'' (London), 1 August 1996, Obituary
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?search=ss&sText=Jane+Drew&LinkID=mp19071 National Portrait Gallery (4 photographs of Jane Drew)]

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[[Category:English architects]]
[[Category:English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Harvard University staff]]
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[[Category:People from Thornton Heath]]
[[Category:Women architects]]

[[fr:Jane Drew]]

Antoinette Sibley

2010-02-05T18:08:24Z

Demophon:

{{One source|date=January 2009}}

'''Dame Antoinette Sibley''', [[Order of the British Empire|DBE]] (born February 27, 1939, [[Bromley]], [[Kent]], [[England]]) is an [[England|English]] [[prima ballerina]]. She joined the [[Royal Ballet]] in 1956 and became a soloist in 1960.

She later shared a dance partnership with the famous danseur [[Sir Anthony Dowell]]. Like [[Dame (title)|Dame]] [[Margot Fonteyn]] before her and [[Darcey Bussell]] after, she was the [[Royal Ballet]]'s most popular star. {{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}

The roles she was most known for were Odette and Odile in ''[[Swan Lake]]'' and the title role in ''[[Giselle]]''. She danced all of the great ballerina roles {{POV-statement|date=December 2009}} and created title roles in ''The Dream'', ''[[Enigma Variations]]'' and [[L'histoire de Manon|Manon]]. Her beautiful {{POV-statement|date=December 2009}} partnership with Anthony Dowell was legendary. {{POV-statement|date=December 2009}} Dame Antoinette became the President of the [[Royal Academy of Dance]] in 1991.

She was married to and divorced from the late dancer [[Michael Somes]]. She remarried in 1974 to a [[London]]-based banker, Panton Corbett.

==Sources==
*[http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1939/february_27_1939_97168.html Brainy History]

==External links==
*[http://www.ballerinagallery.com/sibley.htm The Ballerina Gallery - Dame Antoinette Sibley]

{{Ballet}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sibley, Antoinette}}
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{{dance-bio-stub}}

[[sv:Antoinette Sibley]]

John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover

2010-01-23T15:02:27Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Person
|name = The Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover
|image = Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Lord Sainsbury in the robes of a Knight of the Garter
|birth_name = John Davan Sainsbury
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1927|11|02|df=y}}
|known_for = businessman, politician and [[peerage|peer]]
|alma_mater = [[Worcester College, Oxford]]
|networth = £1.3 billion <ref name="richlist2008">{{cite web|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article3797174.ece|title=Lord Sainsbury and family|date=2008-04-27|work=Sunday Times Rich List 2008|publisher=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref>
|title =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
|opponents =
|boards =
|children =
|parents = [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury|Alan Sainsbury]]
|relations = [[Robert Sainsbury]] (uncle)
}}

'''John Davan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (Born 2 November 1927) is the [[President]] of [[J Sainsbury]], a [[United Kingdom|British]] businessman and politician. He sits in the [[House of Lords]] as a member of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].

==Early and private life==
He is the son of [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury]], and the nephew of [[Robert Sainsbury|Sir Robert Sainsbury]]. His younger brothers are [[Simon Sainsbury|Simon]] and [[Tim Sainsbury|Timothy]], former Conservative Minister of Trade; [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]], former Labour Minister for Science, is a cousin. His great-grandparents, [[John James Sainsbury]] and [[Mary Ann Staples]], established a grocer's at 173 [[Drury Lane]] in 1869 which became the British [[supermarket]] chain [[Sainsbury's]]. He is sometimes referred to as "Mr JD" Sainsbury (which is what he was known as when working for [[Sainsbury's]]).

Lord Sainsbury attended [[Worcester College, Oxford|Worcester College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], reading History.

He is married to the former ballerina [[Anya Linden]].They have three children: Sarah Butler-Sloss (1964-), John Julian (1966-) and Mark (1969-).

When he bought his 18th-century mansion at [[Preston Candover]] in [[Hampshire]], from the previous owner [[Peter Cadbury]] - he replanted trees to make the house look smaller that [[Peter Cadbury]] had cut down to make the house look bigger.

He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1980 for services to the food retailing industry, and was made a [[life peer]] in 1989 with the title '''Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', of [[Preston Candover]] in the County of [[Hampshire]]. He became a [[Knight of the Garter]] in 1992.

==Business career==
Lord Sainsbury joined Sainsbury's in 1950 (the year the first self-service store opened in [[Croydon]]), working in the grocery department. The next year he became in charge of buying biscuits. He later became in charge of many other aspects of the business, including bacon buying in 1956. He became a director of the Company, then known as J. Sainsbury Ltd., in 1958, becoming Deputy Chairman in 1967 following his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s retirement.

Lord Sainsbury took over from his uncle [[Sir Robert Sainsbury]] as chairman and chief executive in 1969. At the time, although Sainsbury's had always been the largest UK grocery retailer by market share since 1922, [[Tesco]]'s profits were double those of Sainsbury's, and [[Marks & Spencer]]'s were nine times those of Sainsbury's.

He led the company on to the [[London Stock Exchange]] on 12 July 1973, as J Sainsbury plc, which was at the time the largest floatation ever. Dubbed "The sale of the century" by the press, his family at the time retained control with an 85% stake. Whilst his cousin, [[David Sainsbury]], inherited his father [[Robert Sainsbury]]'s entire 18% shareholding, Lord Sainsbury had to split his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s 18% stake with his younger brothers [[Simon Sainsbury]] and [[Tim Sainsbury]], and so they held 6% each. It is believed that [[Robert Sainsbury]] gave [[David Sainsbury]] his entire shareholding (rather than split it between David and his three daughters) so that David would have more votes at the table, considering JD had a forceful, autocratic style of leadership, where as David was always more cautious (and always seemed less interested in the family business than JD (David having only joined Sainsbury's personnel department as he did not get the grades to become a scientist)).

During his 23 years as Chairman, Sainsbury's replaced all its 82 counter service stores with modern supermarkets, and the number of UK grocery stores increased from 244 stores (including 162 self-service shops) to 313 supermarkets, whilst the average size of new supermarkets increased from 8,120 sq ft to 34,980 sq ft. The range of products increased from 4,000 (including 1,500 own brand products) to 16,000 (including 8,000 own brand products). He was said to personally taste own brand products himself to make sure he was satisfied with its quality control, and personally approved every own brand product packaging design himself before the official launch of each new own brand product. He was said to turn up unannounced at stores either by helicopter or [[Bentley]] to patrol the aisles and shouted loudly if something was not right.

He led Sainsbury's into the USA through the purchase of [[Shaw's]], a USA supermarket chain, and started both the [[Homebase]] and [[Savacentre]] ventures. Shaw's and Homebase have since been sold, whilst Savacentre has been re-branded under the core Sainsbury's brand.

Between 1973 and 1992, the company's market capitalisation increased from £117m to £8.115bn due to an increase in the share price from 9p to 464p (on 15 May 1992). Between 1969 and 1992 sales increased from £166m to £9.202bn and profit before tax increased from £4.3m to £628m. The Company also boasted the highest sales per square foot in the food retailing industry and the market share of the UK supermarket business increased from 2.5% to 10.4%. Sainsbury's also overtook both Tesco and Marks & Spencer (the latter shortly before his retirement on his 65th birthday on 2 November 1992) to become the UK's largest and most successful supermarket chain. [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1001526,00.html] Following his retirement, his cousin and Labour supporter [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]] (now Lord Sainsbury of Turville) became Chairman. Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the UK's largest supermarket chain in 1995, and David Sainsbury stepped down as Chairman in 1998 to pursue his long held ambition to have a career in politics.

Although Lord Sainsbury has retired, he is Life President of the retailer and continues to take an active interest in the business; these days he tours stores with present chief executive [[Justin King (businessman)|Justin King]], as well as being the family member always attending J Sainsbury plc Annual General Meetings.

He is also the family member with a large shareholding that is most reluctant to sell down his stake. During the sell down of the family stake between 2005-2008 from 35% to 15%, it was Lord Sainsbury who was the last major family shareholder to reduce his stake, in his case from 4% to 3.89%, the 0.11% sold having belonged to a non-beneficial trust held by him.

J Sainsbury plc was informed on 5 December 2006 by Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover, that he no longer holds a reportable interest in the Company following the transfer of shares within his family. As a result, his 3.89% shareholding in Sainsbury's is no longer reportable.

During the takeover bids for Sainsbury's during 2007, Lord Sainsbury used [[N M Rothschild & Sons]] as his financial advisor and was said to be the major family shareholder most resistant to selling his stake. Indeed, during the private equity takeover bid during the first half of 2007, he was said to be refusing to sell his stake of just under 3% at any price.

As of August 2009, Lord Sainsbury continues to control just under 3% of the company, and benefits from 1.6% of the equity included in the above. Although David Sainsbury controls the largest family shareholding of 5.85%, and Lord Sainsbury controls just under 3%, the beneficial holding of David Sainsbury is only 0.57%, compared with 1.6% for JD Sainsbury. The [[Sainsbury family]] as a whole control approximately 15% of Sainsbury's. In the [[Sunday Times Rich List 2008]] his family fortune was estimated at £1.3 billion.

==Charitable works==
In 1985 he and his two brothers provided funds to construct a new wing of the [[National Gallery, London]] at a cost of around £50 million, which opened in 1991 as the Sainsbury Wing.

With his wife, he also runs the Linbury Trust, which offers grants to various projects in the fields of the Arts, Education, Environment & Heritage, Medical, Social Welfare and Developing Countries. One of the most notable projects funded by the Linbury Trust was the 1990s redevelopment of the world renowned [[Royal Opera House]] in London. The Linbury Studio Theatre in the building is named in recognition of the substantial contribution made by the trust.

Most notably contributing a considerable amount towards the redevelopment of the [[Royal Opera House]]. The Linbury Studio Theatre is named in recognition of the major contribution to the redevelopment of the Royal Opera House. In 1987, Lady Sainsbury founded the Linbury Biennial Prize for Stage Design, which identifies and encourages talented newcomers to the field of theatre design; the Prize continues to be funded solely by the Linbury Trust.

In 1993, he joined with [[Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild|Lord Rothschild]] to set up the Butrint Foundation to record and conserve the archaeological site of [[Butrint]] in [[Albania]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.museumindocklands.org.uk/English/Collections/CollectionsOnline/SainsburyArchive/Themes/People/Sainsburys/Fourthgeneration.htm John Davan Sainsbury biography on The Sainsbury Archive website]
*[http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/ar1992.pdf Sainsbury's Annual Report 1992]

==External links==
*[http://www.john-sainsbury.com/ John Davan Sainsbury]



{{DEFAULTSORT:Sainsbury Of Preston Candover, John Sainsbury, Baron}}
[[Category:Sainsbury]]
[[Category:British Jews]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Old Stoics]]
[[Category:British businesspeople in retailing]]
[[Category:Life peers]]
[[Category:Conservative Peers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Party donors]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover

2010-01-23T14:57:32Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Person
|name = The Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover
|image = Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Lord Sainsbury in the robes of a Knight of the Garter
|birth_name = John Davan Sainsbury
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1927|11|02|df=y}}
|known_for = businessman, politician and [[peerage|peer]]
|alma_mater = [[Worcester College, Oxford]]
|networth = £1.3 billion <ref name="richlist2008">{{cite web|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article3797174.ece|title=Lord Sainsbury and family|date=2008-04-27|work=Sunday Times Rich List 2008|publisher=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref>
|title =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
|opponents =
|boards =
|children =
|parents = [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury|Alan Sainsbury]]
|relations = [[Robert Sainsbury]] (uncle)
}}

'''John Davan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (Born 2 November 1927) is the [[President]] of [[J Sainsbury]], a [[United Kingdom|British]] businessman and politician. He sits in the [[House of Lords]] as a member of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].

==Early and private life==
He is the son of [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury]], and the nephew of [[Robert Sainsbury|Sir Robert Sainsbury]]. His younger brothers are [[Simon Sainsbury|Simon]] and [[Tim Sainsbury|Timothy]], former Conservative Minister of Trade; [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]], former Labour Minister for Science, is a cousin. His great-grandparents, [[John James Sainsbury]] and [[Mary Ann Staples]], established a grocer's at 173 [[Drury Lane]] in 1869 which became the British [[supermarket]] chain [[Sainsbury's]]. He is sometimes referred to as "Mr JD" Sainsbury (which is what he was known as when working for [[Sainsbury's]]).

JD Sainsbury attended [[Worcester College, Oxford|Worcester College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], reading History.

He is married to the former ballerina [[Anya Linden]].They have three children: Sarah Butler-Sloss (1964-), John Julian (1966-) and Mark (1969-).

When he bought his 18th-century mansion at [[Preston Candover]] in [[Hampshire]], from the previous owner [[Peter Cadbury]] - he replanted trees to make the house look smaller that [[Peter Cadbury]] had cut down to make the house look bigger.

He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1980 for services to the food retailing industry, and was made a [[life peer]] in 1989 with the title '''Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', of [[Preston Candover]] in the County of [[Hampshire]]. He became a [[Knight of the Garter]] in 1992.

==Business career==
JD Sainsbury joined Sainsbury's in 1950 (the year the first self-service store opened in [[Croydon]]), working in the grocery department. The next year he became in charge of buying biscuits. He later became in charge of many other aspects of the business, including bacon buying in 1956. He became a director of the Company, then known as J. Sainsbury Ltd., in 1958, becoming Deputy Chairman in 1967 following his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s retirement.

JD Sainsbury took over from his uncle [[Sir Robert Sainsbury]] as chairman and chief executive in 1969. At the time, although Sainsbury's had always been the largest UK grocery retailer by market share since 1922, [[Tesco]]'s profits were double those of Sainsbury's, and [[Marks & Spencer]]'s were nine times those of Sainsbury's.

He led the company on to the [[London Stock Exchange]] on 12 July 1973, as J Sainsbury plc, which was at the time the largest floatation ever. Dubbed "The sale of the century" by the press, his family at the time retained control with an 85% stake. Whilst his cousin, [[David Sainsbury]], inherited his father [[Robert Sainsbury]]'s entire 18% shareholding, JD Sainsbury had to split his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s 18% stake with his younger brothers [[Simon Sainsbury]] and [[Tim Sainsbury]], and so they held 6% each. It is believed that [[Robert Sainsbury]] gave [[David Sainsbury]] his entire shareholding (rather than split it between David and his three daughters) so that David would have more votes at the table, considering JD had a forceful, autocratic style of leadership, where as David was always more cautious (and always seemed less interested in the family business than JD (David having only joined Sainsbury's personnel department as he did not get the grades to become a scientist)).

During his 23 years as Chairman, Sainsbury's replaced all its 82 counter service stores with modern supermarkets, and the number of UK grocery stores increased from 244 stores (including 162 self-service shops) to 313 supermarkets, whilst the average size of new supermarkets increased from 8,120 sq ft to 34,980 sq ft. The range of products increased from 4,000 (including 1,500 own brand products) to 16,000 (including 8,000 own brand products). He was said to personally taste own brand products himself to make sure he was satisfied with its quality control, and personally approved every own brand product packaging design himself before the official launch of each new own brand product. He was said to turn up unannounced at stores either by helicopter or [[Bentley]] to patrol the aisles and shouted loudly if something was not right.

He led Sainsbury's into the USA through the purchase of [[Shaw's]], a USA supermarket chain, and started both the [[Homebase]] and [[Savacentre]] ventures. Shaw's and Homebase have since been sold, whilst Savacentre has been re-branded under the core Sainsbury's brand.

Between 1973 and 1992, the company's market capitalisation increased from £117m to £8.115bn due to an increase in the share price from 9p to 464p (on 15 May 1992). Between 1969 and 1992 sales increased from £166m to £9.202bn and profit before tax increased from £4.3m to £628m. The Company also boasted the highest sales per square foot in the food retailing industry and the market share of the UK supermarket business increased from 2.5% to 10.4%. Sainsbury's also overtook both Tesco and Marks & Spencer (the latter shortly before his retirement on his 65th birthday on 2 November 1992) to become the UK's largest and most successful supermarket chain. [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1001526,00.html] Following his retirement, his cousin and Labour supporter [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]] (now Lord Sainsbury of Turville) became Chairman. Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the UK's largest supermarket chain in 1995, and David Sainsbury stepped down as Chairman in 1998 to pursue his long held ambition to have a career in politics.

Although JD Sainsbury has retired, he is Life President of the retailer and continues to take an active interest in the business; these days he tours stores with present chief executive [[Justin King (businessman)|Justin King]], as well as being the family member always attending J Sainsbury plc Annual General Meetings.

He is also the family member with a large shareholding that is most reluctant to sell down his stake. During the sell down of the family stake between 2005-2008 from 35% to 15%, it was JD Sainsbury who was the last major family shareholder to reduce his stake, in his case from 4% to 3.89%, the 0.11% sold having belonged to a non-beneficial trust held by him.

J Sainsbury plc was informed on 5 December 2006 by Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover KG, that he no longer holds a reportable interest in the Company following the transfer of shares within his family. As a result, his 3.89% shareholding in Sainsbury's is no longer reportable.

During the takeover bids for Sainsbury's during 2007, JD Sainsbury used [[N M Rothschild & Sons]] as his financial advisor and was said to be the major family shareholder most resistant to selling his stake. Indeed, during the private equity takeover bid during the first half of 2007, he was said to be refusing to sell his stake of just under 3% at any price.

As of August 2009, JD Sainsbury continues to control just under 3% of the company, and benefits from 1.6% of the equity included in the above. Although David Sainsbury controls the largest family shareholding of 5.85%, and JD Sainsbury controls just under 3%, the beneficial holding of David Sainsbury is only 0.57%, compared with 1.6% for JD Sainsbury. The [[Sainsbury family]] as a whole control approximately 15% of Sainsbury's. In the [[Sunday Times Rich List 2008]] his family fortune was estimated at £1.3 billion.

==Charitable works==
In 1985 he and his two brothers provided funds to construct a new wing of the [[National Gallery, London]] at a cost of around £50 million, which opened in 1991 as the Sainsbury Wing.

With his wife, he also runs the Linbury Trust, which offers grants to various projects in the fields of the Arts, Education, Environment & Heritage, Medical, Social Welfare and Developing Countries. One of the most notable projects funded by the Linbury Trust was the 1990s redevelopment of the world renowned [[Royal Opera House]] in London. The Linbury Studio Theatre in the building is named in recognition of the substantial contribution made by the trust.

Most notably contributing a considerable amount towards the redevelopment of the [[Royal Opera House]]. The Linbury Studio Theatre is named in recognition of the major contribution to the redevelopment of the Royal Opera House. In 1987, Lady Sainsbury founded the Linbury Biennial Prize for Stage Design, which identifies and encourages talented newcomers to the field of theatre design; the Prize continues to be funded solely by the Linbury Trust.

In 1993, he joined with [[Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild|Lord Rothschild]] to set up the Butrint Foundation to record and conserve the archaeological site of [[Butrint]] in [[Albania]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.museumindocklands.org.uk/English/Collections/CollectionsOnline/SainsburyArchive/Themes/People/Sainsburys/Fourthgeneration.htm John Davan Sainsbury biography on The Sainsbury Archive website]
*[http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/ar1992.pdf Sainsbury's Annual Report 1992]

==External links==
*[http://www.john-sainsbury.com/ John Davan Sainsbury]



{{DEFAULTSORT:Sainsbury Of Preston Candover, John Sainsbury, Baron}}
[[Category:Sainsbury]]
[[Category:British Jews]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Old Stoics]]
[[Category:British businesspeople in retailing]]
[[Category:Life peers]]
[[Category:Conservative Peers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Party donors]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover

2010-01-23T14:53:31Z

Demophon: /* Early and private life */

{{Infobox Person
|name = Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover |image
|image_size = 200px
|caption = David Sainsbury, Progressive Governance Conference 2009 in Chile
|birth_name = John Davan Sainsbury
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1927|11|02|df=y}}
|known_for = businessman, politician and [[peerage|peer]]
|alma_mater = [[Worcester College, Oxford]]
|networth = £1.3 billion <ref name="richlist2008">{{cite web|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article3797174.ece|title=Lord Sainsbury and family|date=2008-04-27|work=Sunday Times Rich List 2008|publisher=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref>
|title =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
|opponents =
|boards =
|children =
|parents = [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury|Alan Sainsbury]]
|relations = [[Robert Sainsbury]] (uncle)
}}

[[Image:Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover.jpg|right|thumb|200px| Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover in the robes of a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter]]

'''John Davan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (Born 2 November 1927) is the [[President]] of [[J Sainsbury]], a [[United Kingdom|British]] businessman and politician. He sits in the [[House of Lords]] as a member of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].

==Early and private life==
He is the son of [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury]], and the nephew of [[Robert Sainsbury|Sir Robert Sainsbury]]. His younger brothers are [[Simon Sainsbury|Simon]] and [[Tim Sainsbury|Timothy]], former Conservative Minister of Trade; [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]], former Labour Minister for Science, is a cousin. His great-grandparents, [[John James Sainsbury]] and [[Mary Ann Staples]], established a grocer's at 173 [[Drury Lane]] in 1869 which became the British [[supermarket]] chain [[Sainsbury's]]. He is sometimes referred to as "Mr JD" Sainsbury (which is what he was known as when working for [[Sainsbury's]]).

JD Sainsbury attended [[Worcester College, Oxford|Worcester College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], reading History.

He is married to the former ballerina [[Anya Linden]].They have three children: Sarah Butler-Sloss (1964-), John Julian (1966-) and Mark (1969-).

When he bought his 18th-century mansion at [[Preston Candover]] in [[Hampshire]], from the previous owner [[Peter Cadbury]] - he replanted trees to make the house look smaller that [[Peter Cadbury]] had cut down to make the house look bigger.

He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1980 for services to the food retailing industry, and was made a [[life peer]] in 1989 with the title '''Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', of [[Preston Candover]] in the County of [[Hampshire]]. He became a [[Knight of the Garter]] in 1992.

==Business career==
JD Sainsbury joined Sainsbury's in 1950 (the year the first self-service store opened in [[Croydon]]), working in the grocery department. The next year he became in charge of buying biscuits. He later became in charge of many other aspects of the business, including bacon buying in 1956. He became a director of the Company, then known as J. Sainsbury Ltd., in 1958, becoming Deputy Chairman in 1967 following his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s retirement.

JD Sainsbury took over from his uncle [[Sir Robert Sainsbury]] as chairman and chief executive in 1969. At the time, although Sainsbury's had always been the largest UK grocery retailer by market share since 1922, [[Tesco]]'s profits were double those of Sainsbury's, and [[Marks & Spencer]]'s were nine times those of Sainsbury's.

He led the company on to the [[London Stock Exchange]] on 12 July 1973, as J Sainsbury plc, which was at the time the largest floatation ever. Dubbed "The sale of the century" by the press, his family at the time retained control with an 85% stake. Whilst his cousin, [[David Sainsbury]], inherited his father [[Robert Sainsbury]]'s entire 18% shareholding, JD Sainsbury had to split his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s 18% stake with his younger brothers [[Simon Sainsbury]] and [[Tim Sainsbury]], and so they held 6% each. It is believed that [[Robert Sainsbury]] gave [[David Sainsbury]] his entire shareholding (rather than split it between David and his three daughters) so that David would have more votes at the table, considering JD had a forceful, autocratic style of leadership, where as David was always more cautious (and always seemed less interested in the family business than JD (David having only joined Sainsbury's personnel department as he did not get the grades to become a scientist)).

During his 23 years as Chairman, Sainsbury's replaced all its 82 counter service stores with modern supermarkets, and the number of UK grocery stores increased from 244 stores (including 162 self-service shops) to 313 supermarkets, whilst the average size of new supermarkets increased from 8,120 sq ft to 34,980 sq ft. The range of products increased from 4,000 (including 1,500 own brand products) to 16,000 (including 8,000 own brand products). He was said to personally taste own brand products himself to make sure he was satisfied with its quality control, and personally approved every own brand product packaging design himself before the official launch of each new own brand product. He was said to turn up unannounced at stores either by helicopter or [[Bentley]] to patrol the aisles and shouted loudly if something was not right.

He led Sainsbury's into the USA through the purchase of [[Shaw's]], a USA supermarket chain, and started both the [[Homebase]] and [[Savacentre]] ventures. Shaw's and Homebase have since been sold, whilst Savacentre has been re-branded under the core Sainsbury's brand.

Between 1973 and 1992, the company's market capitalisation increased from £117m to £8.115bn due to an increase in the share price from 9p to 464p (on 15 May 1992). Between 1969 and 1992 sales increased from £166m to £9.202bn and profit before tax increased from £4.3m to £628m. The Company also boasted the highest sales per square foot in the food retailing industry and the market share of the UK supermarket business increased from 2.5% to 10.4%. Sainsbury's also overtook both Tesco and Marks & Spencer (the latter shortly before his retirement on his 65th birthday on 2 November 1992) to become the UK's largest and most successful supermarket chain. [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1001526,00.html] Following his retirement, his cousin and Labour supporter [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]] (now Lord Sainsbury of Turville) became Chairman. Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the UK's largest supermarket chain in 1995, and David Sainsbury stepped down as Chairman in 1998 to pursue his long held ambition to have a career in politics.

Although JD Sainsbury has retired, he is Life President of the retailer and continues to take an active interest in the business; these days he tours stores with present chief executive [[Justin King (businessman)|Justin King]], as well as being the family member always attending J Sainsbury plc Annual General Meetings.

He is also the family member with a large shareholding that is most reluctant to sell down his stake. During the sell down of the family stake between 2005-2008 from 35% to 15%, it was JD Sainsbury who was the last major family shareholder to reduce his stake, in his case from 4% to 3.89%, the 0.11% sold having belonged to a non-beneficial trust held by him.

J Sainsbury plc was informed on 5 December 2006 by Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover KG, that he no longer holds a reportable interest in the Company following the transfer of shares within his family. As a result, his 3.89% shareholding in Sainsbury's is no longer reportable.

During the takeover bids for Sainsbury's during 2007, JD Sainsbury used [[N M Rothschild & Sons]] as his financial advisor and was said to be the major family shareholder most resistant to selling his stake. Indeed, during the private equity takeover bid during the first half of 2007, he was said to be refusing to sell his stake of just under 3% at any price.

As of August 2009, JD Sainsbury continues to control just under 3% of the company, and benefits from 1.6% of the equity included in the above. Although David Sainsbury controls the largest family shareholding of 5.85%, and JD Sainsbury controls just under 3%, the beneficial holding of David Sainsbury is only 0.57%, compared with 1.6% for JD Sainsbury. The [[Sainsbury family]] as a whole control approximately 15% of Sainsbury's. In the [[Sunday Times Rich List 2008]] his family fortune was estimated at £1.3 billion.

==Charitable works==
In 1985 he and his two brothers provided funds to construct a new wing of the [[National Gallery, London]] at a cost of around £50 million, which opened in 1991 as the Sainsbury Wing.

With his wife, he also runs the Linbury Trust, which offers grants to various projects in the fields of the Arts, Education, Environment & Heritage, Medical, Social Welfare and Developing Countries. One of the most notable projects funded by the Linbury Trust was the 1990s redevelopment of the world renowned [[Royal Opera House]] in London. The Linbury Studio Theatre in the building is named in recognition of the substantial contribution made by the trust.

Most notably contributing a considerable amount towards the redevelopment of the [[Royal Opera House]]. The Linbury Studio Theatre is named in recognition of the major contribution to the redevelopment of the Royal Opera House. In 1987, Lady Sainsbury founded the Linbury Biennial Prize for Stage Design, which identifies and encourages talented newcomers to the field of theatre design; the Prize continues to be funded solely by the Linbury Trust.

In 1993, he joined with [[Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild|Lord Rothschild]] to set up the Butrint Foundation to record and conserve the archaeological site of [[Butrint]] in [[Albania]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.museumindocklands.org.uk/English/Collections/CollectionsOnline/SainsburyArchive/Themes/People/Sainsburys/Fourthgeneration.htm John Davan Sainsbury biography on The Sainsbury Archive website]
*[http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/ar1992.pdf Sainsbury's Annual Report 1992]

==External links==
*[http://www.john-sainsbury.com/ John Davan Sainsbury]



{{DEFAULTSORT:Sainsbury Of Preston Candover, John Sainsbury, Baron}}
[[Category:Sainsbury]]
[[Category:British Jews]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Old Stoics]]
[[Category:British businesspeople in retailing]]
[[Category:Life peers]]
[[Category:Conservative Peers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Party donors]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover

2010-01-23T14:52:51Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Person
|name = Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover |image
|image_size = 200px
|caption = David Sainsbury, Progressive Governance Conference 2009 in Chile
|birth_name = John Davan Sainsbury
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1927|11|02|df=y}}
|known_for = businessman, politician and [[peerage|peer]]
|alma_mater = [[Worcester College, Oxford]]
|networth = £1.3 billion <ref name="richlist2008">{{cite web|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article3797174.ece|title=Lord Sainsbury and family|date=2008-04-27|work=Sunday Times Rich List 2008|publisher=[[The Sunday Times]]|accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref>
|title =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
|opponents =
|boards =
|children =
|parents = [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury|Alan Sainsbury]]
|relations = [[Robert Sainsbury]] (uncle)
}}

[[Image:Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover.jpg|right|thumb|200px| Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover in the robes of a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter]]

'''John Davan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', [[Order of the Garter|KG]] (Born 2 November 1927) is the [[President]] of [[J Sainsbury]], a [[United Kingdom|British]] businessman and politician. He sits in the [[House of Lords]] as a member of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].

==Early and private life==
He is the son of [[Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury]], and the nephew of [[Robert Sainsbury|Sir Robert Sainsbury]]. His younger brothers are [[Simon Sainsbury|Simon]] and [[Tim Sainsbury|Timothy]], former Conservative Minister of Trade; [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]], former Labour Minister for Science, is a cousin. His great-grandparents, [[John James Sainsbury]] and [[Mary Ann Staples]], established a grocer's at 173 [[Drury Lane]] in 1869 which became the British [[supermarket]] chain [[Sainsbury's]]. He is sometimes referred to as "Mr JD" Sainsbury (which is what he was known as when working for [[Sainsbury's]]).

JD Sainsbury attended [[Worcester College, Oxford|Worcester College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], reading History.

He is married to the former ballerina [[Anya Linden]].They have three children: Sarah Butler-Sloss (1964-), John Julian (1966-) and Mark (1969-).

When he bought his 18th-century mansion at [[Preston Candover]] in [[Hampshire]], from the previous owner [[Peter Cadbury]] - he replanted trees to make the house look smaller that [[Peter Cadbury]] had cut down to make the house look bigger.

He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1980 for services to the food retailing industry, and was made a life peer in 1989 with the title '''Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover''', of [[Preston Candover]] in the County of [[Hampshire]]. He became a [[Knight of the Garter]] in 1992.

==Business career==
JD Sainsbury joined Sainsbury's in 1950 (the year the first self-service store opened in [[Croydon]]), working in the grocery department. The next year he became in charge of buying biscuits. He later became in charge of many other aspects of the business, including bacon buying in 1956. He became a director of the Company, then known as J. Sainsbury Ltd., in 1958, becoming Deputy Chairman in 1967 following his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s retirement.

JD Sainsbury took over from his uncle [[Sir Robert Sainsbury]] as chairman and chief executive in 1969. At the time, although Sainsbury's had always been the largest UK grocery retailer by market share since 1922, [[Tesco]]'s profits were double those of Sainsbury's, and [[Marks & Spencer]]'s were nine times those of Sainsbury's.

He led the company on to the [[London Stock Exchange]] on 12 July 1973, as J Sainsbury plc, which was at the time the largest floatation ever. Dubbed "The sale of the century" by the press, his family at the time retained control with an 85% stake. Whilst his cousin, [[David Sainsbury]], inherited his father [[Robert Sainsbury]]'s entire 18% shareholding, JD Sainsbury had to split his father [[Alan Sainsbury]]'s 18% stake with his younger brothers [[Simon Sainsbury]] and [[Tim Sainsbury]], and so they held 6% each. It is believed that [[Robert Sainsbury]] gave [[David Sainsbury]] his entire shareholding (rather than split it between David and his three daughters) so that David would have more votes at the table, considering JD had a forceful, autocratic style of leadership, where as David was always more cautious (and always seemed less interested in the family business than JD (David having only joined Sainsbury's personnel department as he did not get the grades to become a scientist)).

During his 23 years as Chairman, Sainsbury's replaced all its 82 counter service stores with modern supermarkets, and the number of UK grocery stores increased from 244 stores (including 162 self-service shops) to 313 supermarkets, whilst the average size of new supermarkets increased from 8,120 sq ft to 34,980 sq ft. The range of products increased from 4,000 (including 1,500 own brand products) to 16,000 (including 8,000 own brand products). He was said to personally taste own brand products himself to make sure he was satisfied with its quality control, and personally approved every own brand product packaging design himself before the official launch of each new own brand product. He was said to turn up unannounced at stores either by helicopter or [[Bentley]] to patrol the aisles and shouted loudly if something was not right.

He led Sainsbury's into the USA through the purchase of [[Shaw's]], a USA supermarket chain, and started both the [[Homebase]] and [[Savacentre]] ventures. Shaw's and Homebase have since been sold, whilst Savacentre has been re-branded under the core Sainsbury's brand.

Between 1973 and 1992, the company's market capitalisation increased from £117m to £8.115bn due to an increase in the share price from 9p to 464p (on 15 May 1992). Between 1969 and 1992 sales increased from £166m to £9.202bn and profit before tax increased from £4.3m to £628m. The Company also boasted the highest sales per square foot in the food retailing industry and the market share of the UK supermarket business increased from 2.5% to 10.4%. Sainsbury's also overtook both Tesco and Marks & Spencer (the latter shortly before his retirement on his 65th birthday on 2 November 1992) to become the UK's largest and most successful supermarket chain. [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1001526,00.html] Following his retirement, his cousin and Labour supporter [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|David Sainsbury]] (now Lord Sainsbury of Turville) became Chairman. Tesco overtook Sainsbury's to become the UK's largest supermarket chain in 1995, and David Sainsbury stepped down as Chairman in 1998 to pursue his long held ambition to have a career in politics.

Although JD Sainsbury has retired, he is Life President of the retailer and continues to take an active interest in the business; these days he tours stores with present chief executive [[Justin King (businessman)|Justin King]], as well as being the family member always attending J Sainsbury plc Annual General Meetings.

He is also the family member with a large shareholding that is most reluctant to sell down his stake. During the sell down of the family stake between 2005-2008 from 35% to 15%, it was JD Sainsbury who was the last major family shareholder to reduce his stake, in his case from 4% to 3.89%, the 0.11% sold having belonged to a non-beneficial trust held by him.

J Sainsbury plc was informed on 5 December 2006 by Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover KG, that he no longer holds a reportable interest in the Company following the transfer of shares within his family. As a result, his 3.89% shareholding in Sainsbury's is no longer reportable.

During the takeover bids for Sainsbury's during 2007, JD Sainsbury used [[N M Rothschild & Sons]] as his financial advisor and was said to be the major family shareholder most resistant to selling his stake. Indeed, during the private equity takeover bid during the first half of 2007, he was said to be refusing to sell his stake of just under 3% at any price.

As of August 2009, JD Sainsbury continues to control just under 3% of the company, and benefits from 1.6% of the equity included in the above. Although David Sainsbury controls the largest family shareholding of 5.85%, and JD Sainsbury controls just under 3%, the beneficial holding of David Sainsbury is only 0.57%, compared with 1.6% for JD Sainsbury. The [[Sainsbury family]] as a whole control approximately 15% of Sainsbury's. In the [[Sunday Times Rich List 2008]] his family fortune was estimated at £1.3 billion.

==Charitable works==
In 1985 he and his two brothers provided funds to construct a new wing of the [[National Gallery, London]] at a cost of around £50 million, which opened in 1991 as the Sainsbury Wing.

With his wife, he also runs the Linbury Trust, which offers grants to various projects in the fields of the Arts, Education, Environment & Heritage, Medical, Social Welfare and Developing Countries. One of the most notable projects funded by the Linbury Trust was the 1990s redevelopment of the world renowned [[Royal Opera House]] in London. The Linbury Studio Theatre in the building is named in recognition of the substantial contribution made by the trust.

Most notably contributing a considerable amount towards the redevelopment of the [[Royal Opera House]]. The Linbury Studio Theatre is named in recognition of the major contribution to the redevelopment of the Royal Opera House. In 1987, Lady Sainsbury founded the Linbury Biennial Prize for Stage Design, which identifies and encourages talented newcomers to the field of theatre design; the Prize continues to be funded solely by the Linbury Trust.

In 1993, he joined with [[Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild|Lord Rothschild]] to set up the Butrint Foundation to record and conserve the archaeological site of [[Butrint]] in [[Albania]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.museumindocklands.org.uk/English/Collections/CollectionsOnline/SainsburyArchive/Themes/People/Sainsburys/Fourthgeneration.htm John Davan Sainsbury biography on The Sainsbury Archive website]
*[http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/ar1992.pdf Sainsbury's Annual Report 1992]

==External links==
*[http://www.john-sainsbury.com/ John Davan Sainsbury]



{{DEFAULTSORT:Sainsbury Of Preston Candover, John Sainsbury, Baron}}
[[Category:Sainsbury]]
[[Category:British Jews]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Old Stoics]]
[[Category:British businesspeople in retailing]]
[[Category:Life peers]]
[[Category:Conservative Peers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Conservative Party donors]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia

2010-01-17T09:28:05Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
| name = The Lord Dholakia
| honorific-suffix = OBE, DL
| image = Navnit Dholakia at Bournemouth.jpg
| imagesize =
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| caption =
| office =
| term_start =
| term_end =
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1937|03|04}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
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| nationality =
| party = [[Liberal Democrats]]
| otherparty = 
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
}}
'''Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] DL (born 4 March 1937) is a British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] politician.

Educated in India and [[Tanzania]], Dholakia came to Britain to study at [[Brighton Technical College]]. He became active in the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal party]] and was elected to the [[Brighton]] Borough Council.

From 1976 he served as member of the [[Commission for Racial Equality]] and has been involved in the [[Sussex]] Police Authority, [[Police Complaints Authority]] and [[Howard League for Penal Reform]]. He is the current chair of [[Nacro]].

Dholakia was made a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Dholakia''', of Waltham Brooks in the County of [[West Sussex]], in 1997, and sat on the Liberal Democrat benches in the [[House of Lords]].

From 1997 to 2002 he served as a Liberal Democrat [[whip (politics)|whip]] in the Lords, and from 2002 to 2004 he was the Home Affairs Spokesman.

He was elected President of the Liberal Democrats at the end of 1999 and served in the post from 2000 to 2004. In November 2004 he was elected joint Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrat Peers in the [[House of Lords]].

Lord Dholakia is involved with a range of charities including being a Patron of CINI UK, the Child In Need Institute.

In 1994 he was appointed an OBE. In 2000 he was named 'Asian of the Year', and won the Pride of India Award in 2005. In November 2009 he was given an honorary doctorate from the University of Hertfordshire. He has been a Deputy Lord Lieutenant in the county of West Sussex since 1999.

Lord Dholakia has been married to Lady Ann Dholakia since 1967, and they have two daughters. They live in West Sussex.

==Sources==
*[http://www.libdems.org.uk/people/lord-dholakia Lord Dholakia] biography at the site of Liberal Democrats
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/91630367.cms UK Hindu youths' quest to find roots] Times of India - 26 July 2001

{{start box}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{succession box | title=President of the [[Liberal Democrats]] | before=[[Diana Maddock]] | after=[[Simon Hughes]] | years=2000–2004}}
{{end box}}

{{UK-baron-stub}}
{{UK-politician-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dholakia, Navnit}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:British Asian politicians]]
[[Category:British Hindus]]
[[Category:Commissioners for Racial Equality]]
[[Category:Liberal Democrat life peers|Dholakia, Navnit Dholakia, Baron]]
[[Category:Liberal Party politicians (UK)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Presidents of the UK Liberal Democrats]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the United Kingdom]]

Tristan Garel-Jones, Baron Garel-Jones

2010-01-17T09:17:37Z

Demophon:

'''William Armand Thomas Tristan Garel-Jones, Baron Garel-Jones''', [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|PC]] (born {{Birth date and age|1941|2|28|df=y}}) is a politician in the [[United Kingdom]].

He was [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] [[member of Parliament]] for [[Watford (UK Parliament constituency)|Watford]] from 1979 to 1997. He served in various [[whip (politics)|whip]] positions and then as a junior minister at the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]].

In 1997, he was given a [[life peerage]] as '''Baron Garel-Jones''', of Watford in the County of [[Hertfordshire]].

==In popular culture==
Garel-Jones was portrayed by [[Hugh Fraser (actor)|Hugh Fraser]] in the 2004 [[BBC]] production of ''[[The Alan Clark Diaries]]'' and by [[Guy Henry (actor)|Guy Henry]] in 2009's ''[[Margaret (television film)|Margaret]]''.

* {{imdb character|0138158}}

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Member of Parliament]] for [[Watford (UK Parliament constituency)|Watford]] | before=[[Raphael Tuck]] | years=1979 – 1997 | after=[[Claire Ward]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Robert Boscawen]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice-Chamberlain of the Household]]|years=1986 – 1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael Neubert]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Comptroller of the Household]]|years=1988 – 1989}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Alastair Goodlad]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral|David Hunt]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Treasurer of the Household]]|years=1989 – 1990}}

{{succession box | title=[[Minister of State for Europe]] | before=[[Francis Maude]]| years=1990 – 1993 | after=[[David Heathcoat-Amory]]}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garel-Jones, Tristan}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Conservative MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:Conservative Party life peers|Garel-Jones]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1979-1983]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1983-1987]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1987-1992]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1992-1997]]
[[Category:Treasurers of the Household]]
{{Conservative-UK-MP-1940s-stub}}

[[es:Tristan Garel-Jones]]

David John Conner

2010-01-16T15:51:59Z

Demophon:

{{Anglican Portal}}'''Sir David John Conner''' [[Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]] (born 6 April 1947) is [[Dean of Windsor]] (since 1998) and former<ref>[http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/2482 Archbishop of Canterbury statement]</ref> [[Bishop to the Forces]] (2001–2009)<ref>Debrett's People of Today London,2008 Debrett's, ISBN 9781870520959</ref>
As [[Dean of Windsor]], he also holds the post of Registrar of the [[Order of the Garter]], and is a Domestic Chaplain to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen]]. Prior to his appointment to Windsor, he held a number of posts:

* 1994-98: Bishop of Lynn (a suffragan in the [[Anglican Diocese of Norwich|Diocese of Norwich]]);
* 1987-94: rector of [[Great St Mary's, Cambridge]] (the [[University of Cambridge|University]] church).

He was educated at [[Exeter College, Oxford]]<ref>[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]2008: London, [[A & C Black]] ISBN 9780713672576</ref> and [[St Stephen's House, Oxford]]. Having also spent a year at the Oxford Department of Education, soon after ordination he moved into School Chaplaincy work in Oxford and, later, at Winchester<ref>[[Crockford's Clerical Directory]]2008/2009 Lambeth, Church House Publishing ISBN 9780715110300</ref>. For a while, he was Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Winchester.

For many years he has been closely involved with the selection of candidates for ordination, and with the inspection of theological colleges, courses and schemes. He has been governor of a number of schools and colleges. He is an Honorary Fellow of [[Girton College, Cambridge]].

Conner was appointed [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (KCVO) in the 2010 New Year Honours.<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=59282 |date=31 December 2009 |startpage=3 |supp=yes |notarchive=yes}}</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Edward Bentley]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Lynn]]|years=1994 – 1998}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Anthony Charles Foottit]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Patrick Reynolds Mitchell]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dean of Windsor]]|years=1998 – }}
{{s-aft|after=Current incumbent}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Dudley Galtrey Kirkham]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop to the Forces]]|years=2001 – 2009}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Stephen Venner]]}}
{{end}}
==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Bishops of Lynn}}
{{Deans of Windsor since 1908}}
{{Bishops to the Forces}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Conner, David John}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]
[[Category:English Anglican priests]]
[[Category:20th-century Anglican bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Lynn]]
[[Category:Deans of Windsor]]
[[Category:Bishop to the Forces]]
[[Category:Honorary Chaplains to the Queen]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]

{{ChurchofEngland-bishop-stub}}

Malcolm Bradbury

2010-01-12T09:01:58Z

Demophon: /* References */

''' Sir Malcolm Stanley Bradbury''' [[CBE]] (7 September 1932, [[Sheffield]], [[England]] – 27 November 2000) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[author]] and [[academic]].

==Life==
Born in 1932 in [[Sheffield]], Bradbury was the son of a railwayman; his family moved to [[London]] in 1935, but returned to Sheffield in 1941 with his brother and mother. The family later moved to [[Nottingham]] and in 1943 Bradbury attended [[West Bridgford]] Grammar School where he remained until 1950. He read English at [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]] and gained a first-class degree in English in 1953 and continued his studies at [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary College, University of London]], where he gained his [[Master's degree|M.A.]] in 1955. Between 1955 and 1958 Bradbury moved between teaching posts with the [[University of Manchester]] and [[Indiana University]] in the USA. He returned to England in 1958 for a major heart operation; such was his heart condition that he was not expected to live beyond middle age. Meanwhile, Bradbury completed his first novel ''Eating People is Wrong'' in 1959 while in hospital.

He married Elizabeth Salt, with whom he would later have two sons, and took up his first teaching post as an adult-education tutor at the [[University of Hull]]. With his study on [[Evelyn Waugh]] in 1962 he began his career of writing and editing critical books. From 1961 to 1965 he taught at the [[University of Birmingham]]. He completed his [[Ph.D.]] in [[American studies]] at the [[University of Manchester]] in 1962, moving to the [[University of East Anglia]] (his second novel, ''Stepping Westward'', appeared in 1965), where he became [[Professor]] of American Studies in 1970 and launched the World-renowned [[UEA Creative Writing Course|M.A. in Creative Writing]] course, which [[Ian McEwan]] and [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] both attended. He published ''Possibilities: Essays on the State of the Novel'' in 1973, ''The History Man'' in 1975, ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' in 1976, ''Rates of Exchange'' in 1983, ''Cuts: A Very Short Novel'' in 1987, retiring from academic life in 1995. Malcolm Bradbury became a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the British Empire]] in 1991 for services to Literature, and was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 2000 for
services to Literature as well. <ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/55710/supplements/1 Official announcement knighthood]. [[The London Gazette]]. 30 December 1999.</ref>

Malcolm Bradbury died at Priscilla Bacon Lodge, Coleman Hospital, Norwich, on 27 November 2000, attended by his wife and their two sons, Matthew and Dominic. He was buried on 4 December in the churchyard of St Mary's parish church, Tasburgh, a village near Norwich where the Bradburys owned a second home. Though he was not an orthodox religious believer, he respected the traditions and socio-cultural role of the Church of England, and enjoyed visiting churches in the spirit of Philip Larkin's famous poem ‘Churchgoing’.

==Works==
Bradbury was a productive academic writer as well as a successful teacher; an expert on the [[modern novel]], he published books on [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Saul Bellow]] and [[E. M. Forster]], as well as editions of such modern classics as [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', and a number of surveys and handbooks of modern fiction, both British and American. However, he is best known to a wider public as a novelist. Although he is often compared with [[David Lodge (author)|David Lodge]], his friend and a contemporary as a British exponent of the [[campus novel]] genre, Bradbury's books are consistently darker in mood and less playful both in style and language. In 1986 he wrote a short humorous book titled ''Why Come to Slaka?'', a parody of travel books, dealing with the fictional [[Eastern Europe]]an country that is the setting for his novel ''Rates of Exchange''.

He also wrote extensively for [[television]], including scripting series such as ''[[Anything More Would Be Greedy]]'', ''[[The Gravy Train]]'', the sequel ''[[The Gravy Train Goes East]]'' (which explored life in Bradbury's fictional Slaka), and adapting novels such as [[Tom Sharpe]]'s ''[[Blott on the Landscape]]'' and ''[[Porterhouse Blue]]'', [[Alison Lurie]]'s ''Imaginary Friends'' and [[Kingsley Amis]]'s ''The Green Man''.

===Fiction===
====''The History Man''====
{{main|The History Man}}
His best known novel ''[[The History Man]]'', published in 1975, is a dark satire of academic life in the "glass and steel" universities - the then-fashionable newer universities of England that had followed their "redbrick" predecessors - which in 1981 was made into a successful [[BBC]] television serial. The protagonist is the hypocritical Howard Kirk, a sociology professor at the fictional University of Watermouth.

====''Cuts''====
Commissioned by Hutchinson as part of their [[Hutchinson Novella]] series, ''Cuts'' was published in 1987. It used a host of plays on the word 'cuts' to mock the values of [[Thatcherism|Thatcherist]] Britain in 1986 and the world of television drama production in which Bradbury had become involved after the adaptation of ''The History Man'' (by [[Christopher Hampton]]). Bradbury derided the philistinism of television executives who wanted to capture the market of ''[[Brideshead Revisited (TV serial)|Brideshead Revisited]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'' at impossibly low cost. He also explored the low esteem accorded writers in the hierarchy of television production.


==Bibliography (incomplete)==
*''The After Dinner Game''
*''All Dressed Up and Nowhere To Go''
*''Eating People is Wrong'' (1959)
*''Stepping Westward'' (1968)
*''The Social Context of Modern English Literature'' (1971)
Possibilities (1973)
*''Who Do You Think You Are'' — a collection of short stories
*''[[The History Man]]'' (1975)
*''[[Rates of Exchange]](1983)
*''To the Hermitage'' (2000)
*''My Strange Quest for Mensonge: Structuralism's Hidden Hero'' (1987)
*''The Modern American Novel'' (1983)
*''Why Come to Slaka?'' (1986)
*''Cuts'' (1987) — a [[Hutchinson Novella]]
No Not Bloomsbury (1987)
Mensonge (1987)
*''Doctor Criminale'' (1992)
*''The Modern British Novel'' (1993)
*''Dangerous Pilgrimages: Trans-Atlantic Mythologies and the Novel'' (1995)
To the Hermitage (200)

==Quote==
*''If God had been a liberal, we wouldn't have had the [[Ten Commandments]]; we'd have the Ten Suggestions.''

==See also==
*[[American Studies in Britain]]

==References==
*Bradbury, Malcolm. ''Cuts'' (London: Hutchinson, 1987)
*[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=528 Literary Encyclopedia]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1044887.stm BBC News Archive]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1043975.stm BBC obituary]
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,403941,00.html obituary in ''The Guardian'' 28 November 2000]
*[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20001129/ai_n14355669 obituary in ''The Independent'' 29 November 2000]
*[http://www.uea.ac.uk/eas/admissions/courseprofiles/w800t UEA MA in Creative Writing]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradbury, Malcolm}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:English literary critics]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leicester]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queen Mary, University of London]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of East Anglia]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]

[[bg:Малкълм Бредбъри]]
[[cs:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[fr:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[pl:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[ru:Брэдбери, Малькольм]]
[[fi:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[sv:Malcolm Bradbury]]

Malcolm Bradbury

2010-01-12T08:59:58Z

Demophon: /* Life */

''' Sir Malcolm Stanley Bradbury''' [[CBE]] (7 September 1932, [[Sheffield]], [[England]] – 27 November 2000) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[author]] and [[academic]].

==Life==
Born in 1932 in [[Sheffield]], Bradbury was the son of a railwayman; his family moved to [[London]] in 1935, but returned to Sheffield in 1941 with his brother and mother. The family later moved to [[Nottingham]] and in 1943 Bradbury attended [[West Bridgford]] Grammar School where he remained until 1950. He read English at [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]] and gained a first-class degree in English in 1953 and continued his studies at [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary College, University of London]], where he gained his [[Master's degree|M.A.]] in 1955. Between 1955 and 1958 Bradbury moved between teaching posts with the [[University of Manchester]] and [[Indiana University]] in the USA. He returned to England in 1958 for a major heart operation; such was his heart condition that he was not expected to live beyond middle age. Meanwhile, Bradbury completed his first novel ''Eating People is Wrong'' in 1959 while in hospital.

He married Elizabeth Salt, with whom he would later have two sons, and took up his first teaching post as an adult-education tutor at the [[University of Hull]]. With his study on [[Evelyn Waugh]] in 1962 he began his career of writing and editing critical books. From 1961 to 1965 he taught at the [[University of Birmingham]]. He completed his [[Ph.D.]] in [[American studies]] at the [[University of Manchester]] in 1962, moving to the [[University of East Anglia]] (his second novel, ''Stepping Westward'', appeared in 1965), where he became [[Professor]] of American Studies in 1970 and launched the World-renowned [[UEA Creative Writing Course|M.A. in Creative Writing]] course, which [[Ian McEwan]] and [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] both attended. He published ''Possibilities: Essays on the State of the Novel'' in 1973, ''The History Man'' in 1975, ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' in 1976, ''Rates of Exchange'' in 1983, ''Cuts: A Very Short Novel'' in 1987, retiring from academic life in 1995. Malcolm Bradbury became a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the British Empire]] in 1991 for services to Literature, and was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 2000 for
services to Literature as well. <ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/55710/supplements/1 Official announcement knighthood]. [[The London Gazette]]. 30 December 1999.</ref>

Malcolm Bradbury died at Priscilla Bacon Lodge, Coleman Hospital, Norwich, on 27 November 2000, attended by his wife and their two sons, Matthew and Dominic. He was buried on 4 December in the churchyard of St Mary's parish church, Tasburgh, a village near Norwich where the Bradburys owned a second home. Though he was not an orthodox religious believer, he respected the traditions and socio-cultural role of the Church of England, and enjoyed visiting churches in the spirit of Philip Larkin's famous poem ‘Churchgoing’.

==Works==
Bradbury was a productive academic writer as well as a successful teacher; an expert on the [[modern novel]], he published books on [[Evelyn Waugh]], [[Saul Bellow]] and [[E. M. Forster]], as well as editions of such modern classics as [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', and a number of surveys and handbooks of modern fiction, both British and American. However, he is best known to a wider public as a novelist. Although he is often compared with [[David Lodge (author)|David Lodge]], his friend and a contemporary as a British exponent of the [[campus novel]] genre, Bradbury's books are consistently darker in mood and less playful both in style and language. In 1986 he wrote a short humorous book titled ''Why Come to Slaka?'', a parody of travel books, dealing with the fictional [[Eastern Europe]]an country that is the setting for his novel ''Rates of Exchange''.

He also wrote extensively for [[television]], including scripting series such as ''[[Anything More Would Be Greedy]]'', ''[[The Gravy Train]]'', the sequel ''[[The Gravy Train Goes East]]'' (which explored life in Bradbury's fictional Slaka), and adapting novels such as [[Tom Sharpe]]'s ''[[Blott on the Landscape]]'' and ''[[Porterhouse Blue]]'', [[Alison Lurie]]'s ''Imaginary Friends'' and [[Kingsley Amis]]'s ''The Green Man''.

===Fiction===
====''The History Man''====
{{main|The History Man}}
His best known novel ''[[The History Man]]'', published in 1975, is a dark satire of academic life in the "glass and steel" universities - the then-fashionable newer universities of England that had followed their "redbrick" predecessors - which in 1981 was made into a successful [[BBC]] television serial. The protagonist is the hypocritical Howard Kirk, a sociology professor at the fictional University of Watermouth.

====''Cuts''====
Commissioned by Hutchinson as part of their [[Hutchinson Novella]] series, ''Cuts'' was published in 1987. It used a host of plays on the word 'cuts' to mock the values of [[Thatcherism|Thatcherist]] Britain in 1986 and the world of television drama production in which Bradbury had become involved after the adaptation of ''The History Man'' (by [[Christopher Hampton]]). Bradbury derided the philistinism of television executives who wanted to capture the market of ''[[Brideshead Revisited (TV serial)|Brideshead Revisited]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]'' at impossibly low cost. He also explored the low esteem accorded writers in the hierarchy of television production.


==Bibliography (incomplete)==
*''The After Dinner Game''
*''All Dressed Up and Nowhere To Go''
*''Eating People is Wrong'' (1959)
*''Stepping Westward'' (1968)
*''The Social Context of Modern English Literature'' (1971)
Possibilities (1973)
*''Who Do You Think You Are'' — a collection of short stories
*''[[The History Man]]'' (1975)
*''[[Rates of Exchange]](1983)
*''To the Hermitage'' (2000)
*''My Strange Quest for Mensonge: Structuralism's Hidden Hero'' (1987)
*''The Modern American Novel'' (1983)
*''Why Come to Slaka?'' (1986)
*''Cuts'' (1987) — a [[Hutchinson Novella]]
No Not Bloomsbury (1987)
Mensonge (1987)
*''Doctor Criminale'' (1992)
*''The Modern British Novel'' (1993)
*''Dangerous Pilgrimages: Trans-Atlantic Mythologies and the Novel'' (1995)
To the Hermitage (200)

==Quote==
*''If God had been a liberal, we wouldn't have had the [[Ten Commandments]]; we'd have the Ten Suggestions.''

==See also==
*[[American Studies in Britain]]

==References==
*Bradbury, Malcolm. ''Cuts'' (London: Hutchinson, 1987)
*[http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=528 Literary Encyclopedia]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1044887.stm BBC News Archive]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1043975.stm BBC obituary]
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,403941,00.html obituary in ''The Guardian'' 28 November 2000]
*[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20001129/ai_n14355669 obituary in ''The Independent'' 29 November 2000]
*[http://www.uea.ac.uk/eas/admissions/courseprofiles/w800t UEA MA in Creative Writing]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradbury, Malcolm}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:English literary critics]]
[[Category:English novelists]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leicester]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queen Mary, University of London]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of East Anglia]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]

[[bg:Малкълм Бредбъри]]
[[cs:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[fr:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[pl:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[ru:Брэдбери, Малькольм]]
[[fi:Malcolm Bradbury]]
[[sv:Malcolm Bradbury]]

Arthur Wellesley, 5. Duke of Wellington

2009-12-31T06:49:45Z

Demophon: /* External links */

{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name=The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=18 June 1934 - 11 December 1941
|birth_date={{birth date|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1941|12|11|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] Kathleen Bulkeley-Williams
|spouse=Lilian Coats
|issue=[[Lady Anne Rhys]] [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
}}
'''Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington''' (9 June 1876 – 11 December 1941) was the son of [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] and Kathleen Bulkeley Williams.

He attended [[Eton College|Eton]] between 1890 and 1895. He then attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. He joined the [[Grenadier Guards]] and fought in the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]] in 1900, and later in [[World War I]]. In 1934 he succeeded to the Dukedom; he was also a [[Justice of the Peace]].

Wellington married Hon. Lilian Maud Glen Coats, the daughter of the [[George Coats, 1st Baron Glentanar]] in 1909. He had two children: [[Lady Anne Rhys|Lady Anne Maud Wellesley]] (1910 - 1998) and Captain [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]] (1912 - 1943).

==Far right==
The Duke was a supporter of several [[far right-wing]] causes. He was a member of the [[Anglo-German Fellowship]] from 1935 and served as President of the [[Liberty Restoration League]], which was described by Inspector Pavey (an ex-Scotland Yard detective employed by the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] to infiltrate the far right) as being [[Anti-semitism|anti-semitic]]. When [[Archibald Maule Ramsay]] formed the '[[Right Club]]' in 1939, Wellington chaired its early meetings. Ramsay, describing the Right Club, boasted that "The main objective was to oppose and expose the activities of organised Jewry." <ref>http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/126784</ref> On the day that World War II broke out, The Duke of Wellington was quoted as blaming the conflict on "those f--king Jews". <ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6570240/Stephen-Poliakoff-Anti-semitism-will-always-be-around.html</ref>

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]''' 1934–1941
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| years = }}
{{s-reg|nl}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|pt}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duke of Wellington|Duque de Vitória]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]

[[Category:Wellesley family|Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|105]]
[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers|Wellesley, Arthur, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|105]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Arthur 5]]

Arthur Wellesley, 5. Duke of Wellington

2009-12-31T06:49:26Z

Demophon: /* External links */

{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name=The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=18 June 1934 - 11 December 1941
|birth_date={{birth date|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1941|12|11|1876|6|9|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] Kathleen Bulkeley-Williams
|spouse=Lilian Coats
|issue=[[Lady Anne Rhys]] [[Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
}}
'''Arthur Charles Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington''' (9 June 1876 – 11 December 1941) was the son of [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington]] and Kathleen Bulkeley Williams.

He attended [[Eton College|Eton]] between 1890 and 1895. He then attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]. He joined the [[Grenadier Guards]] and fought in the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]] in 1900, and later in [[World War I]]. In 1934 he succeeded to the Dukedom; he was also a [[Justice of the Peace]].

Wellington married Hon. Lilian Maud Glen Coats, the daughter of the [[George Coats, 1st Baron Glentanar]] in 1909. He had two children: [[Lady Anne Rhys|Lady Anne Maud Wellesley]] (1910 - 1998) and Captain [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]] (1912 - 1943).

==Far right==
The Duke was a supporter of several [[far right-wing]] causes. He was a member of the [[Anglo-German Fellowship]] from 1935 and served as President of the [[Liberty Restoration League]], which was described by Inspector Pavey (an ex-Scotland Yard detective employed by the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] to infiltrate the far right) as being [[Anti-semitism|anti-semitic]]. When [[Archibald Maule Ramsay]] formed the '[[Right Club]]' in 1939, Wellington chaired its early meetings. Ramsay, describing the Right Club, boasted that "The main objective was to oppose and expose the activities of organised Jewry." <ref>http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/126784</ref> On the day that World War II broke out, The Duke of Wellington was quoted as blaming the conflict on "those f--king Jews". <ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6570240/Stephen-Poliakoff-Anti-semitism-will-always-be-around.html</ref>

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Wellington]]''' 1934–1941
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| years = }}
{{s-reg|nl}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{s-reg|pt}}
succession box
| after = [[Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington|Henry Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Duke of Wellington|Duque de Vitória]]
| years = 1934–1941}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]

[[Category:Wellesley family|Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|105]]
[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers|Wellesley, Arthur, 5th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo|105]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Arthur 5]]

Leka Anwar Zogu Reza

2009-12-24T17:28:47Z

Demophon:

{{About|the younger royal, Prince Leka|his father and current pretender |Leka, Crown Prince of Albania}}
{{Infobox Prince
| name =Prince Leka of Albania
| image =
| full name =Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu
| royal house =[[House of Zogu|Zogu]]
| father =[[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]]
| mother =[[Susan Cullen-Ward]]
| date of birth ={{Birth date and age|1982|3|26}}
| place of birth =[[Sandton]], [[South Africa]]
|}}
'''Prince Leka (II) of Albania''' (''Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu'', born March 26, 1982, [[Sandton]], [[South Africa]]) is the only child of [[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]] and the late [[Susan Cullen-Ward]]. Prince Leka is an official at the Albanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The prince is refered by some Albanian monarchists as '''Crown Prince Leka II''', since they consider his father Leka I as King of the Albanians.

==Early life==

Leka is the son of the [[pretender]] to [[Albania]]'s throne, Crown Prince Leka I, and his late wife, the former [[Susan Cullen-Ward]].

At the time of his birth, the [[South African Government]] declared his maternity ward temporarily Albanian territory to ensure that Leka was born on Albanian soil.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/07/22/db2201.xml&sSheet=/portal/2004/07/22/ixportal.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> He was named in honor of Egyptian president [[Anwar al-Sadat]], his grandfather [[Zog of Albania|King Zog I]], Shah [[Mohammed Reza Pahlavi]] of [[Iran]], and [[Baudouin I]], [[King of the Belgians]] (his [[godparent|godfather]]). Msiziwe is a [[Zulu]] honorific. Leka is a member of the [[Zogu]] [[dynasty]] founded by King Zog and also is a hereditary [[bey]] (Albanian tribal [[tribal chief|chieftain]] and traditional land owner) of the [[Gheg]] clan.

==Education and current activities==

Leka's [[secondary school]] education took place at [[St Peter's College, Johannesburg|St Peter's College]], [[Johannesburg]]. In December 2006, he graduated from [[Sandhurst Military Academy]], [[United Kingdom]], as the “Best foreign student of the Academy” <ref>[http://www.mod.gov.al/eng/lajme/lexo_lajm.asp?IDNews=1858 Albanian Ministry of Defence]</ref>. He was subsequently congratulated by the Albanian Minister of Defense for this achievement. He also has completed studies at the [[Foreigners University of Perugia|Università per Stranieri]] in [[Perugia]], [[Italy]], for the Italian Language. He subsequently has also completed training at the Albanian Military Academy Skanderbej. He is currently studying International relations. <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.al/english/lajm.asp?id=4545 Albanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs]</ref>.
{{Albanian Royal Family}}
Prince Leka, who was featured in the cover story, "Young and Royal", of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' in September 2003, currently resides in [[Tirana]], is fluent in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Italian language|Italian]]. He owns four boxer dogs and his personal interests include [[martial arts]], [[volleyball]] and [[human swimming|swimming]]. He is also fond of wildlife and leads a very active life, taking part in and supporting mountain climbing and other outdoor sports, such as [[abseiling]] and target shooting.

In April 2004 he accepted the [[Mother Teresa Medal]] on behalf of his late grandmother, [[Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi|Queen Geraldine]], for her humanitarian efforts.<ref>[http://worldroots.com/brigitte/royal/royal4a.htm Worldroots]</ref>

He is known to have worked with youth organizations, like [[MJAFT!]], and supported a wide range of humanitarian efforts in Albania, but maintains that he only supports "Self Help" projects to stimulate Albanian and Kosovar economic growth, [[Gazeta Sot]].

Prince Leka is also known as a supporter of [[Kosovo]] independence from [[Serbia]] and has close ties with the Kosovo leadership in [[Pristina]]. [[Iliria Royal University]] in Pristina and Tirana is styled as regal and functions under his guidance.

Prince Leka also founded the Youth leadership of the "Movement for National Development" which was a movement created by His Father to change the political face of Albania in 2005.

==Career with the Albanian Foreign Ministry==
{{copypaste}}

The Foreign Minister, Mr. [[Lulzim Basha]], introduced to the highest officials and his close team the new member of his cabinet, Prince Leka II, on 21 August 2007.
Minister Basha emphasized that the appointment of Prince Leka II in his cabinet, is part of the Albanian Government philosophy and his determination as well, to admit in the state administration the best capacities of the country, individuals with evident capabilities in line with the necessities of Foreign Service and the ever-growing requirements of the Albanian diplomacy.

Minister Basha underlined that Prince Leka II has accepted with pleasure the invitation to be part of his team, thus starting the professional career in the field of foreign relations, in service of the country’s diplomacy and in protection of the major interests of the Albanian nation. <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.al/english/lajm.asp?id=4545 Ministry of Foreign Affairs]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

* ''Geraldine of the Albanians''; Robyns, Gwen - ISBN 0-584-11133-9

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Zogu|House of Zogu]]|March 26|1982||}}
{{s-roy|al}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania|Crown Prince Leka]] current [[pretender]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Line of succession to the Albanian throne]]|years=1st position}}
{{s-non|reason=unclear}}
{{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leka II, Crown Prince Of Albania}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Albanian princes]]
[[Category:Albanian people]]
[[Category:Sandhurst graduates]]

[[ca:Leka II]]
[[pl:Leka II]]
[[fi:Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe]]

Leka Anwar Zogu Reza

2009-12-24T17:18:34Z

Demophon:

{{About|the younger royal, Prince Leka|his father and current pretender |Leka, Crown Prince of Albania}}
{{Infobox Prince
| name =Prince Leka of Albania
| image =
| full name =Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu
| royal house =[[House of Zogu|Zogu]]
| father =[[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]]
| mother =[[Susan Cullen-Ward]]
| date of birth ={{Birth date and age|1982|3|26}}
| place of birth =[[Sandton]], [[South Africa]]
|}}
'''Prince Leka (II) of Albania''' (''Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu'', born March 26, 1982, [[Sandton]], [[South Africa]]) is the only child of [[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]] and the late [[Susan Cullen-Ward]]. Prince Leka is an official at the Albanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

==Early life==

Leka is the son of the [[pretender]] to [[Albania]]'s throne, Crown Prince Leka I, and his late wife, the former [[Susan Cullen-Ward]].

At the time of his birth, the [[South African Government]] declared his maternity ward temporarily Albanian territory to ensure that Leka was born on Albanian soil.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/07/22/db2201.xml&sSheet=/portal/2004/07/22/ixportal.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> He was named in honor of Egyptian president [[Anwar al-Sadat]], his grandfather [[Zog of Albania|King Zog I]], Shah [[Mohammed Reza Pahlavi]] of [[Iran]], and [[Baudouin I]], [[King of the Belgians]] (his [[godparent|godfather]]). Msiziwe is a [[Zulu]] honorific. Leka is a member of the [[Zogu]] [[dynasty]] founded by King Zog and also is a hereditary [[bey]] (Albanian tribal [[tribal chief|chieftain]] and traditional land owner) of the [[Gheg]] clan.

==Education and current activities==

Leka's [[secondary school]] education took place at [[St Peter's College, Johannesburg|St Peter's College]], [[Johannesburg]]. In December 2006, he graduated from [[Sandhurst Military Academy]], [[United Kingdom]], as the “Best foreign student of the Academy” <ref>[http://www.mod.gov.al/eng/lajme/lexo_lajm.asp?IDNews=1858 Albanian Ministry of Defence]</ref>. He was subsequently congratulated by the Albanian Minister of Defense for this achievement. He also has completed studies at the [[Foreigners University of Perugia|Università per Stranieri]] in [[Perugia]], [[Italy]], for the Italian Language. He subsequently has also completed training at the Albanian Military Academy Skanderbej. He is currently studying International relations. <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.al/english/lajm.asp?id=4545 Albanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs]</ref>.
{{Albanian Royal Family}}
Prince Leka, who was featured in the cover story, "Young and Royal", of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' in September 2003, currently resides in [[Tirana]], is fluent in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Italian language|Italian]]. He owns four boxer dogs and his personal interests include [[martial arts]], [[volleyball]] and [[human swimming|swimming]]. He is also fond of wildlife and leads a very active life, taking part in and supporting mountain climbing and other outdoor sports, such as [[abseiling]] and target shooting.

In April 2004 he accepted the [[Mother Teresa Medal]] on behalf of his late grandmother, [[Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi|Queen Geraldine]], for her humanitarian efforts.<ref>[http://worldroots.com/brigitte/royal/royal4a.htm Worldroots]</ref>

He is known to have worked with youth organizations, like [[MJAFT!]], and supported a wide range of humanitarian efforts in Albania, but maintains that he only supports "Self Help" projects to stimulate Albanian and Kosovar economic growth, [[Gazeta Sot]].

Prince Leka is also known as a supporter of [[Kosovo]] independence from [[Serbia]] and has close ties with the Kosovo leadership in [[Pristina]]. [[Iliria Royal University]] in Pristina and Tirana is styled as regal and functions under his guidance.

Prince Leka also founded the Youth leadership of the "Movement for National Development" which was a movement created by His Father to change the political face of Albania in 2005.

==Career with the Albanian Foreign Ministry==
{{copypaste}}

The Foreign Minister, Mr. [[Lulzim Basha]], introduced to the highest officials and his close team the new member of his cabinet, Prince Leka II, on 21 August 2007.
Minister Basha emphasized that the appointment of Prince Leka II in his cabinet, is part of the Albanian Government philosophy and his determination as well, to admit in the state administration the best capacities of the country, individuals with evident capabilities in line with the necessities of Foreign Service and the ever-growing requirements of the Albanian diplomacy.

Minister Basha underlined that Prince Leka II has accepted with pleasure the invitation to be part of his team, thus starting the professional career in the field of foreign relations, in service of the country’s diplomacy and in protection of the major interests of the Albanian nation. <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.al/english/lajm.asp?id=4545 Ministry of Foreign Affairs]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

* ''Geraldine of the Albanians''; Robyns, Gwen - ISBN 0-584-11133-9

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Zogu|House of Zogu]]|March 26|1982||}}
{{s-roy|al}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania|Crown Prince Leka]] current [[pretender]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Line of succession to the Albanian throne]]|years=1st position}}
{{s-non|reason=unclear}}
{{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leka II, Crown Prince Of Albania}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Albanian princes]]
[[Category:Albanian people]]
[[Category:Sandhurst graduates]]

[[ca:Leka II]]
[[pl:Leka II]]
[[fi:Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe]]

Leka Anwar Zogu Reza

2009-12-24T17:15:51Z

Demophon:

{{About|the younger royal Leka|his father and current pretender, also called the Crown Prince|Leka, Crown Prince of Albania}}
{{Infobox Prince
| name =Prince Leka of Albania
| image =
| full name =Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu
| royal house =[[House of Zogu|Zogu]]
| father =[[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]]
| mother =[[Susan Cullen-Ward]]
| date of birth ={{Birth date and age|1982|3|26}}
| place of birth =[[Sandton]], [[South Africa]]
|}}
'''Prince Leka (II) of Albania''' (''Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu'', born March 26, 1982, [[Sandton]], [[South Africa]]) is the only child of [[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania]] and the late [[Susan Cullen-Ward]]. Prince Leka is an official at the Albanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

==Early life==

Leka is the son of the [[pretender]] to [[Albania]]'s throne, Crown Prince Leka I, and his late wife, the former [[Susan Cullen-Ward]].

At the time of his birth, the [[South African Government]] declared his maternity ward temporarily Albanian territory to ensure that Leka was born on Albanian soil.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/07/22/db2201.xml&sSheet=/portal/2004/07/22/ixportal.html The Daily Telegraph]</ref> He was named in honor of Egyptian president [[Anwar al-Sadat]], his grandfather [[Zog of Albania|King Zog I]], Shah [[Mohammed Reza Pahlavi]] of [[Iran]], and [[Baudouin I]], [[King of the Belgians]] (his [[godparent|godfather]]). Msiziwe is a [[Zulu]] honorific. Leka is a member of the [[Zogu]] [[dynasty]] founded by King Zog and also is a hereditary [[bey]] (Albanian tribal [[tribal chief|chieftain]] and traditional land owner) of the [[Gheg]] clan.

==Education and current activities==

Leka's [[secondary school]] education took place at [[St Peter's College, Johannesburg|St Peter's College]], [[Johannesburg]]. In December 2006, he graduated from [[Sandhurst Military Academy]], [[United Kingdom]], as the “Best foreign student of the Academy” <ref>[http://www.mod.gov.al/eng/lajme/lexo_lajm.asp?IDNews=1858 Albanian Ministry of Defence]</ref>. He was subsequently congratulated by the Albanian Minister of Defense for this achievement. He also has completed studies at the [[Foreigners University of Perugia|Università per Stranieri]] in [[Perugia]], [[Italy]], for the Italian Language. He subsequently has also completed training at the Albanian Military Academy Skanderbej. He is currently studying International relations. <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.al/english/lajm.asp?id=4545 Albanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs]</ref>.
{{Albanian Royal Family}}
Prince Leka, who was featured in the cover story, "Young and Royal", of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' in September 2003, currently resides in [[Tirana]], is fluent in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]] and [[Italian language|Italian]]. He owns four boxer dogs and his personal interests include [[martial arts]], [[volleyball]] and [[human swimming|swimming]]. He is also fond of wildlife and leads a very active life, taking part in and supporting mountain climbing and other outdoor sports, such as [[abseiling]] and target shooting.

In April 2004 he accepted the [[Mother Teresa Medal]] on behalf of his late grandmother, [[Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi|Queen Geraldine]], for her humanitarian efforts.<ref>[http://worldroots.com/brigitte/royal/royal4a.htm Worldroots]</ref>

He is known to have worked with youth organizations, like [[MJAFT!]], and supported a wide range of humanitarian efforts in Albania, but maintains that he only supports "Self Help" projects to stimulate Albanian and Kosovar economic growth, [[Gazeta Sot]].

Prince Leka is also known as a supporter of [[Kosovo]] independence from [[Serbia]] and has close ties with the Kosovo leadership in [[Pristina]]. [[Iliria Royal University]] in Pristina and Tirana is styled as regal and functions under his guidance.

Prince Leka also founded the Youth leadership of the "Movement for National Development" which was a movement created by His Father to change the political face of Albania in 2005.

==Career with the Albanian Foreign Ministry==
{{copypaste}}

The Foreign Minister, Mr. [[Lulzim Basha]], introduced to the highest officials and his close team the new member of his cabinet, Prince Leka II, on 21 August 2007.
Minister Basha emphasized that the appointment of Prince Leka II in his cabinet, is part of the Albanian Government philosophy and his determination as well, to admit in the state administration the best capacities of the country, individuals with evident capabilities in line with the necessities of Foreign Service and the ever-growing requirements of the Albanian diplomacy.

Minister Basha underlined that Prince Leka II has accepted with pleasure the invitation to be part of his team, thus starting the professional career in the field of foreign relations, in service of the country’s diplomacy and in protection of the major interests of the Albanian nation. <ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.al/english/lajm.asp?id=4545 Ministry of Foreign Affairs]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

* ''Geraldine of the Albanians''; Robyns, Gwen - ISBN 0-584-11133-9

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Zogu|House of Zogu]]|March 26|1982||}}
{{s-roy|al}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leka, Crown Prince of Albania|Crown Prince Leka]] current [[pretender]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Line of succession to the Albanian throne]]|years=1st position}}
{{s-non|reason=unclear}}
{{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leka II, Crown Prince Of Albania}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Albanian princes]]
[[Category:Albanian people]]
[[Category:Sandhurst graduates]]

[[ca:Leka II]]
[[pl:Leka II]]
[[fi:Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe]]

John Lytton, 5. Earl of Lytton

2009-11-27T00:43:14Z

Demophon: No academic or professional degrees acc. WP:MOSBIO

'''John Peter Michael Scawen Lytton, 5th Earl of Lytton''', [[Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors|FRICS]], [[Chartered Institute of Arbitrators|MCIArb]] (born [[7 June]] [[1950]]) is a [[United Kingdom|British]] surveyor.

He graduated from the [[University of Reading]] with a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] honours degree in Estate Management in 1972; after spending 13 years in the [[Inland Revenue]] Valuation Office and some additional years of experience with surveying firms Permutt Brown & Co and Cubitt & West, he set up the practice of John Lytton & Co., Chartered Surveyors, in January, 1988 [http://www.lytton.co.uk/about.htm].

The then Lord Knebworth married Ursula Alexandra Komoly in 1980. Their children are Philip Anthony Scawen Lytton, current Viscount Knebworth, the Honourable Wilfrid Thomas Scawen Lytton and Lady Katrina Mary Noel Lytton [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~conqueror/genealogy_html/i629.html]. He inherited Newbuildings Place in 1984 from his aunt, Lady Anne Lytton [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=18340]; his cousins maintain the family estate, [[Knebworth House]].

John Lytton is a descendant of the [[Romantic poetry|Romantic]] poet [[Lord Byron]]. The Earl has taken his Byronic descent to heart and has contributed to the ''Newstead Byron Society Review'' [http://212.158.3.83/acatalog/Basic_Products.html]. He has also spoken before the Byron Society on his family history [http://www.internationalbyronsociety.org/pdf_files/descendants.pdf].

John Lytton succeeded his father as the 5th Earl of Lytton and 18th [[Baron Wentworth]] in 1985. His son, [[Philip Lytton, Viscount Knebworth|Philip Anthony Scawen Lytton]], currently holds the Lytton family's [[courtesy title]] of [[Viscount Knebwortth]].
==External links==
*[http://www.lytton.co.uk/archives1.htm The Official Earl of Lytton Website: The Lytton Family Archives]
*[http://www.knebworthhouse.com/index.html Knebworth House website]
*[http://www.lytton.co.uk/index.htm John Lytton & Co. Chartered Surveyors]
*[http://www.internationalbyronsociety.org/ The International Byron Society]

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Noel Lytton, 4th Earl of Lytton|Noel Lytton]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Earl of Lytton]] | years=1985-Present}}
{{s-inc | rows=2 }}
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{{s-ttl | title=[[Baron Wentworth]] | years=1985-Present}}
{{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lytton, John Peter Michael Scawen Lytton, 5th Earl of}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Reading]]

[[fr:John Lytton]]

John Egerton, 6. Duke of Sutherland

2009-11-21T18:02:52Z

Demophon: /* Career */

{{Unreferenced|date=October 2008}}

'''John Sutherland Egerton, 6th Duke of Sutherland''' (10 May 1915 – 21 September 2000), styled '''Viscount Brackley''' until 1944 and known as '''The Earl of Ellesmere''' between 1944 and 1963, was a British peer.

==Background and education==
the son of [[John Egerton, 4th Earl of Ellesmere]] and Lady Violet Lambton. Educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], he sailed to France with the British Expeditionary Force and was captured at St Valery in 1940. He spent four years in a prisoner of war camp. Upon his return in 1944, he succeeded his father as Earl of Ellesmere.

==Career==
In 1963, [[George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland|the 5th Duke of Sutherland]], his distant cousin Geordie, died, leaving no immediate male heir. Egerton succeeded to the dukedom, but did not inherit the Sutherland estates or [[Dunrobin Castle]], which went to [[Elizabeth Sutherland, 24th Countess of Sutherland|Elizabeth Janson]], Geordie's niece, who became the [[Countess of Sutherland]].

Estate duty forced the Duke to sell many pieces from the family's renowned collection of paintings and drawings. The family's wealth had shifted from landholdings to an estimated £120m collection of paintings which included Raphaels, Titians, Tintorettos, Poussins, and a large part of the famous [[Orléans collection]] from the [[Palais Royal]] in Paris. The wealth had come from the acquisitions of the first [[Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater|Duke of Bridgewater]], who built the famous canal and passed on his mining riches, and from intermarriage. Benjamin Disraeli once paid tribute to the family's "talent for absorbing heiresses".

Despite the hundreds of paintings the Duke was forced to sell, he retained the Dutch masters for Mertoun. The [[Scottish National Gallery]] in [[Edinburgh]] had a number of notable paintings in its possession on long-term loan from the Duke of Sutherland's estate, including pieces by [[Titian]], [[El Greco]], [[Raphael]] and [[Anthony van Dyck|van Dyck]] (one of which, the ''[[Venus Anadyomene (Titian)|Venus Anadyomene]]'', was bought by the gallery after his death, partly in lieu of inheritance tax). The Duke made it clear, by selling Bridgewater House in London, that he was abandoning metropolitan pursuits, but maintained the family horseracing tradition.

Although a Conservative, he never claimed his seat in the Lords, eschewing his right to vote or speak for more than half a century. He did find his political voice as a Berwickshire county councillor.

The sixth duke kept a very local profile. In 1984 he sold four masterpieces to fund opening his {{convert|20|acre|m2|sing=on}} garden to the public. In 1994 he disagreed when the National Gallery of Scotland sought to rehouse some of his paintings in a new gallery in Glasgow, preferring them to be dispersed around Scotland.

==Family==
Sutherland married Lady Diana Percy (23 November 1917–16 June 1978), daughter of [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland]], on 29 April 1939. Following the death of his first wife he married Evelyn Moubray, on 16 August 1979 a former interior decorator who shared his love of fishing. There were no children from either marriage.

==References==
{{reflist}}
(In part from The Duke of Sutherland's Obituary as in ''The Guardian'', 5 October 2000)

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland|George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower]]}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sutherland, John Egerton, 6th Duke of}}
[[Category:1915 births|Sutherland, John Egerton, 6th Duke of]]
[[Category:2000 deaths|Sutherland, John Egerton, 6th Duke of]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Dukes of Sutherland|106]]
[[Category:House of Sutherland-Leveson-Gower]]

{{UK-duke-stub}}

[[pl:John Egerton, 6. książę Sutherland]]
[[sv:John Egerton, 6:e hertig av Sutherland]]

Granville Leveson-Gower, 1. Marquess of Stafford

2009-11-21T17:45:39Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox_Officeholder
| honorific-prefix =[[The Most Honourable]] 
| name = The Marquess of Stafford
| honorific-suffix = [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]]
| image = 1stMarquessOfStafford.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| order1 = [[Lord Privy Seal]]
| term_start1 = 1755
| term_end1 = 1757
| monarch1 = [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
| primeminister1 = [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|The Duke of Newcastle]] [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire|The Duke of Devonshire]]
| predecessor1 = [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough|The Duke of Marlborough]]
| successor1 = [[Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple|The Earl Temple]]
| term_start2 = 1784
| term_end2 = 1794
| monarch2 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister2 = [[William Pitt the Younger|Hon. William Pitt the Younger]]
| predecessor2 = [[Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland|The Duke of Rutland]]
| successor2 = [[George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer|The Earl Spencer]]
| order3 = [[Lord President of the Council]]
| term_start3 = 1767
| term_end3 = 1779
| monarch3 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister3 = [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|The Earl of Chatham]] [[Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton|The Duke of Grafton]] [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]
| predecessor3 = [[Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington|The Earl of Northington]]
| successor3 = [[Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst|The Earl Bathurst]]
| term_start4 = 1783
| term_end4 = 1784
| monarch4 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister4 = [[William Pitt the Younger|Hon. William Pitt the Younger]]
| predecessor4 = [[David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield|The Viscount Stormont]]
| successor4 = [[Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden|The Lord Camden]]
| birth_date = {{birth-date|4 August 1721|}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death-date|26 October 1803|}}
| death_place = [[Trentham Hall]], [[Staffordshire]]
| nationality = [[British people|British]]
| party =
| alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]]
| spouse = (1) Elizabeth Fazakerley (d. 1746) (2) Lady Louisa Egerton (d. 1761) (3) Lady Susannah Stewart (d. 1805)
}}
'''Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford''' [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]] (4 August 1721 – 26 October 1803), known as '''Viscount Trentham''' from 1746 to 1754 and as '''The Earl Gower''' from 1754 to 1786, was a British politician.

==Background==
Stafford was a son of [[John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower]] and his wife Lady Evelyn Pierrepont. His maternal grandparents were [[Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull]] and his first wife Lady Mary Feilding. Mary was a daughter of [[William Feilding, 3rd Earl of Denbigh]] and his wife Mary King. His father was a prominent [[Tory]] politician who became the first major Tory to enter government since the succession of [[George I of Great Britain]], joining the administration of [[John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville]] in 1742. Gower was educated at [[Westminster School]] and [[Christ Church, Oxford]].

==Political career==
In 1744, Stafford was elected to parliament. With the death of his elder brother in 1746, he became known by the courtesy title of Viscount Trentham until he succeeded his father as Earl Gower in 1754. Stafford was associated with the [[Bedfordite|faction]] of the [[John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford|Duke of Bedford]], who was his brother-in-law, and as a member of that faction was given many governmental positions. Following Bedford's death in 1771, Gower became leader of the group, and as [[Lord President of the Council|Lord President]] in the administration of [[Frederick North, Lord North]] was a key supporter of a hard-line policy towards the American colonists.

Gower was frustrated by what he saw as the North administration's inept handling of the [[American Revolutionary War]], and he resigned from the cabinet in 1779. When North resigned in March 1782, Gower was approached to form a ministry, but he refused, and he refused subsequent overtures from both [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne|Lord Shelburne]] and the [[Charles James Fox|Fox]]-[[Frederick North, Lord North|North]] coalition to enter the government. Instead, he became a key figure in bringing about the fall of the Fox-North coalition, and was rewarded with the position of Lord President once again in the new administration of [[William Pitt the Younger]]. Although he soon exchanged this office for that of [[Lord Privy Seal]], and gradually began to withdraw from public affairs, he remained a cabinet minister until his retirement in 1794. In 1786, he had been created '''Marquess of Stafford''' as a reward for his services.

== Marriages and children ==
Stafford married three times. He married firstly Elizabeth Fazakerley, daughter of Nicholas Fazakerley, in 1744. Elizabeth died of [[smallpox]] two years later. They had no children.

Stafford married secondly Lady Louisa, daughter of the [[Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater]], in 1748. She died in 1761. They were parents to four children:

*[[George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland]] (9 January, 1758–19 July, 1833).
*Lady Louisa Leveson-Gower (d. 29 July, 1827). She married [[Sir Archibald MacDonald, 1st Baronet]].
*Lady Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower (d. 27 January, 1824). She married [[Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle]] and was the mother of [[George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle]].
*Lady Anne Leveson-Gower (d. 16 November, 1832). She married the Right Reverend the Hon. [[Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt]], [[Archbishop of York]].

Stafford married thirdly Lady Susannah, daughter [[Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway]], in 1768. They were parents to four children:

*[[Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville]] (12 October 1773–8 January, 1846).
*Lady Georgiana Augusta Leveson-Gower (d. 24 March, 1806). She married [[William Eliot, 2nd Earl of St Germans]].
*Lady Charlotte Sophia Leveson-Gower (d. 12 August, 1854). She married [[Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort]] and was mother of [[Henry Somerset, 7th Duke of Beaufort]] and [[Lord Granville Somerset]].
*Lady Susan Leveson-Gower (d. 26 May, 1838). She married [[Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby]].

Lord Stafford died at [[Trentham Hall]], [[Staffordshire]], in October 1803, aged 82. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son from his second marriage, George, who was created [[Duke of Sutherland]] in 1833. The Marchioness of Stafford died in August 1805.

==References==
*{{rayment}}
*{{lundy}}

{{s-start}}
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{{s-reg|gb}}
{{s-new|creation}}
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{{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stafford, Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of}}
[[Category:1721 births]]
[[Category:1803 deaths]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Staffordshire]]
[[Category:Lord Presidents of the Council]]
[[Category:Lords Privy Seal]]
[[Category:Marquesses in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|Trentham, Granville Leveson-Gower, Viscount]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:House of Sutherland-Leveson-Gower]]

[[pl:Granville Leveson-Gower, 1. markiz Stafford]]

Igor Judge, Baron Judge

2009-11-20T15:00:28Z

Demophon: /* Early life */

{{Infobox Judge
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] 
|name = The Lord Judge
|honorific-suffix = <center>[[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]], [[Queen's Counsel|QC]]</center>
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|office = [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales]]
|term_start = 1 October 2008
|term_end =
|monarch = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]
|predecessor = [[Nicholas Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers|Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers]]
|successor =
|office2 = [[President of the Queen's Bench Division]]
|term_start2 = 3 October 2005
|term_end2 = 1 October 2008
|predecessor2=
|successor2 = [[Anthony May (judge)|Sir Anthony May]]
|birth_date = {{BDA|1941|5|19|df=yes}}
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|restingplace =
|birthname =
|nationality =
|spouse =
|relations =
|children =
|residence =
|alma_mater = [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]]
|occupation =
|profession =
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|religion =
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Igor Judge, Baron Judge''', [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]], [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] (born 19 May 1941)<ref name="lcj">{{cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/keyfacts/list_judiciary/biographies/lord_chief.htm|title=Senior Judiciary Biographies - Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|publisher=Judiciary of England and Wales|accessdate=2008-12-18}}</ref> is the [[Lord Chief Justice|Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales]].

==Early life==

Judge was born in [[Malta]] to Raymond and [[Rosa Judge]] (née Micallef). He was educated at St Edward's College, [[Cottonera]] from 1947 to 1954 and [[The Oratory School|Oratory School, Woodcote]] from 1954 to 1959, where he was Captain of School and Captain of Cricket.<ref name="lcj"/> He was awarded an Open Exhibition to study History and Law at [[Magdalene College, Cambridge]] in 1959, and he graduated in 1962 with a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA (Hons)]] degree. While at Cambridge he had become a member of [[Middle Temple]], and he was called to the bar in 1963.<ref name="lcj"/>

==Judicial career==

He became a [[Recorder (judge)|Recorder]] in 1976 and a [[Queen's Counsel]] in 1979.<ref name="lcj"/> From 1980 to 1986, he served on the Professional Conduct Committee of the [[Bar_council#Bar_Councils_in_the_United_Kingdom|Bar Council of England and Wales]]. In 1987, he was elected head of the [[Crown Court]] Midland Circuit, and he was appointed to the [[Queen's Bench Division]] of the [[High Court of Justice]] in 1988 and awarded the customary [[knighthood]].<ref name="lcj"/> He was appointed a [[Lord Justice of Appeal]], a judge of the [[Court of Appeal of England and Wales|Court of Appeal]], in 1996, becoming a [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Counsellor]].<ref name="lcj"/>

He was the Senior Presiding Judge for [[England and Wales]] from 1998 to 2003, when he became Deputy Lord Chief Justice.<ref name="lcj"/> He was not appointed as [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|Lord Chief Justice]] following the retirement of [[Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf|Lord Woolf]] in 2005 despite having served as his deputy. The then [[Master of the Rolls]], [[Nicholas Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers|Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers]], was appointed instead.

He was appointed as the first [[President of the Queen's Bench Division]] in 2005 when that post was split from that of Lord Chief Justice. In addition to his role as President of the Queen's Bench Division, Judge was appointed [[Head of Criminal Justice]] in January 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/publications_media/media_releases/2007/0607.htm |title=Media Releases - Head of Criminal Justice |publisher=Judicial Communications Office |date=2007=01-31 |accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref>

It was announced on 7 July 2008 that Judge Judge would replace Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers as Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales on 1 October 2008. On 4 September 2008, it was announced that Sir Igor was to be elevated to the [[peerage]] as a life peer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page16738 |title=Sir Igor Judge - Life Peerage |accessdate=25 November 2008 |date=4 September 2008 }}</ref> In consequence, he was eligible to sit as a member of the [[Judicial Committee of the House of Lords]]. On 1 October 2008 he was created '''Baron Judge''', of [[Draycote]] in the county of [[Warwickshire]], and he was introduced into the House of Lords five days later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldhansrd/text/81006-0001.htm | title=Lords Hansard for 6 October 2008 |accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> His successor as [[President of the Queen's Bench Division]] is [[Anthony May (judge)|Sir Anthony May]].

As of July 2009, Lord Judge holds an [[honorary doctorate]] from the [[University of Northampton]].

==Cases==
*''[[Corporate Officer of the House of Commons v Information Commissioner]]'' [2008] [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2008/1084.html EWHC 1084 (Admin)]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk/cms/1287.htm Information About The Court of Appeal Civil Division] from the [[Courts Service]]
* [http://www.julianlewis.net/cuttings_detail.php?id=138 Congratulated in House of Commons on his promotion]

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{{end}}

{{Lords of Appeal in Ordinary}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Judge, Igor}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British Roman Catholics]]
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[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Lords Chief Justice of England and Wales]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Life peers]]
[[Category:Queen's Bench Division judges]]
[[Category:Queen's Counsel 1901-2000]]
[[Category:British Queen's Counsel]]
[[Category:Maltese people]]

George Makgill, 13. Viscount of Oxfuird

2009-11-20T02:46:41Z

Demophon:

{{unsourced|date=April 2009}}
'''George Hubbard Makgill, 13th Viscount of Oxfuird''', [[Baronet|Bt]], [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (7 January 1934 - 3 January 2003) was Chief of the Makgill family. He inherited his titles from his uncle.

Makgill was a deputy speaker and deputy chair of committees in the upper house. He was one of the 90 hereditary peers who were elected in 1999 to continue as members of the Lords when most of the hereditary peers lost their seats.

He married twice. By his first wife he had a son, Richard (died young) and twin sons: [[Ian Alexander Arthur Makgill, 14th Viscount of Oxfuird]] and Hon Robert Edward George Makgill. The latter was engaged 5 August 2005 to Miss Melissa A.R. Lo, daughter of Mr & Mrs Robert Lo, of Hong Kong. He had two other children, Hon Hamish Max Makgill and Hon Edward Anthony Donald Makgill.

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of hereditary peers elected to sit in the House of Lords under the House of Lords Act 1999|Elected hereditary peer]]|before='''Position created'''|after=[[Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater|The Viscount Ullswater]]|years=1999-2003}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Viscount of Oxfuird]] | before=[[John Donald Arthur Alexander Makgill, 12th Viscount of Oxfuird|John Makgill]] | after=[[Ian Alexander Arthur Makgill, 14th Viscount of Oxfuird|Ian Makgill]] | years=1986 - 2003}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oxfuird, George Makgill,, 13th Viscount of}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Hereditary Peers elected under the House of Lords Act]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of Scotland]]

{{scotland-peer-stub}}

Henry Herbert, 7. Earl of Carnarvon

2009-11-20T02:25:35Z

Demophon:

{{Refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox Person
| name = The Earl of Carnarvon
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth-date|19 January 1924}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death-date|11 September 2001}}
| death_place =
| occupation =
| spouse = Jean Margaret Wallop
| parents = [[Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon]] Anne Wendell
| children = [[George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon]] Hon. Harry Herbert Lady Carolyn Warren}}

'''Henry George Reginald Molyneux Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon''' (19 January 1924 - 10 September 2001), was Racing Manager to [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] from 1969, and one of the Queen's closest friends.

The Earl of Carnarvon was only son of the [[Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon|6th Earl of Carnarvon]] by his first (American-born) wife Anne Wendell. Like his father, Carnarvon (then known as Lord Porchester) fell for an American, Jean Margaret Wallop, even though she was engaged to another man. Jean had aristocratic connections, in that her grandfather [[Oliver Henry Wallop, 8th Earl of Portsmouth]] had settled in the western [[United States]] and married the daughter of a [[Kentucky]] judge. Her brother is the former [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[Malcolm Wallop]]. The Earl and Countess of Carnarvon were parents of two sons - the [[George Reginald Oliver Molyneux Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon|8th Earl of Carnarvon]], and the Hon. Harry Herbert - and one daughter, Lady Carolyn Warren.

Lord Carnarvon was an assiduous servant of the public. He was an independent member of the Hampshire County Council (though he later took the Tory whip) and became its Chairman. He was also the Chairman of the South East Economic Planning Council.

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|gb}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon|Henry Herbert]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Earl of Carnarvon]]
| years = 1987–2001}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon|George Herbert]]}}
{{end}}

==References==
* Who was Who, volume X
{{Reflist}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Herbert, Henry, 7th Earl of Carnarvon
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Herbert, Henry George Reginald Molyneux
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=
|DATE OF BIRTH= January 19, 1924
|PLACE OF BIRTH=
|DATE OF DEATH= September 11, 2001
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carnarvon, Henry Herbert, 07th Earl Of}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Herbert family|Henry Herbert, 07th Earl of Carnarvon]]
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:British racehorse owners and breeders]]

{{GB-earl-stub}}

Jock Stirrup

2009-11-08T17:05:22Z

Demophon: No academic degrees and only national fellowships acc. WP:MOSBIO

{{Infobox Military Person
|name= Sir Graham Eric Stirrup
|lived= {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|12|4}}
|placeofbirth=
|placeofdeath=
|image= [[Image:Jock Stirrup - Oct 2006.jpg|240px]]
|caption= Sir Jock Stirrup at the Ministry of Defence
|nickname=Jock
|allegiance= {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|serviceyears=1970–
|rank= [[Air Chief Marshal]]
|branch= {{air force|United Kingdom}}
|commands= [[RAF Marham]] [[No. 1 Group RAF|No. 1 Group]] [[Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Air Staff]] [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Defence Staff]]
|unit=
|battles= [[Dhofar Rebellion|Dhofar War]] [[Operation Veritas]]
|awards= [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]]
|laterwork=
}}

[[Air Chief Marshal]] '''Sir Graham Eric Stirrup''' [[Order of the Bath|GCB]], [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|AFC]], [[Royal Aeronautical Society|FRAeS]], [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] (born 4 December 1949), commonly known as '''Sir Jock Stirrup''', was a fast jet pilot, and is now a senior [[Royal Air Force]] commander. He was the [[Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Air Staff]] (CAS) from 2003 to 2006, and currently is the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Defence Staff]] (CDS) of Her Majesty's Armed Forces.

==RAF career==
Stirrup was educated at [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]] and the [[RAF College Cranwell]], where he received his [[Commissioned officer|commission]] in 1970. In the early [[1970s]], while on loan service with the [[Royal Air Force of Oman|Sultan of Oman’s Air Force]], Stirrup flew [[BAC Strikemaster]]s in the [[Dhofar Rebellion|Dhofar War]]. After he returned to Great Britain in 1975, Stirrup was posted to [[No. 41 Squadron RAF|No. 41 Squadron]] where he flew the [[F-4 Phantom II|F-4 Phantom]]. Stirrup went on to serve in an exchange tour in the [[United States]] where he continued to fly Phantoms.

In March 1983, Stirrup, by then a [[Squadron Leader]], was serving as a Flight Commander on No. 226 [[Operational Conversion Unit]] which was based at [[RAF Lossiemouth]]. His duties centred around the instruction of trainee pilots on the [[SEPECAT Jaguar]]. On 7 March 1983, Stirrup was carrying out a student progress check from the rear seat of his aircraft when they suffered a serious [[bird strike]]. Stirrup was unable to ascertain whether his student was conscious and forward vision through the canopy was obscured. One of his [[internal combustion engine|engines]] caught fire, and although ejecting from the aircraft would have been justified, not knowing whether the student was conscious or not, Stirrup managed to land at [[RAF Leuchars]]. Stirrup was later awarded the [[Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Air Force Cross]] for his actions.<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=49413 |date=11 July 1983 |startpage=9151 |supp=x |accessdate=2008-11-23}}</ref>

From 1990 to 1992, Stirrup served as Station Commander of [[RAF Marham]]<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Station%20OCs-EAng.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation]</ref> and during his time in command, RAF Marham's strike aircraft were dispatched to the Middle East, seeing action in the [[Gulf War]] air campaign.<ref>[http://www.ilab.org/db/book768_C106B391.html RAF Marham: The operational history of Britain's front-line base from 1916 to the present day]</ref> In 1993 Stirrup attended the [[Royal College of Defence Studies]] (RCDS) and his course colleagues included Sir [[Timothy Granville-Chapman]], who would later serve as his deputy (Granville-Chapman was [[Vice Chief of the Defence Staff]] from 2005 to 2009). After completing the course, Stirrup was appointed Director of Air Force Plans and Programmes in 1994. He was appointed [[Air Officer Commanding]] [[No. 1 Group RAF|No. 1 Group]] in 1997, [[Assistant Chief of the Air Staff]] in 1998 and Deputy [[Commander-in-Chief]] [[RAF Strike Command]] in 2000.

From September 2001 to January 2002, Stirrup was UK National Contingent Commander for [[Operation Veritas]] (operations against the [[Taliban]]) in [[Afghanistan]].

Stirrup was promoted to [[Air Chief Marshal]]<ref name="5August2003">{{LondonGazette |issue=57018 |date=5 August 2003 |startpage=9733 |notarchive=x |supp=x |accessdate=2008-11-23}}</ref> and appointed [[Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Air Staff]] on 1 August 2003. He remained as the professional head of the RAF until 13 April 2006 and was appointed CDS on 28 April 2006, making him the first RAF officer to hold Britain's senior military post since 1994.

Stirrup is married and has one son.

==Chief of the Defence Staff==
During Stirrup's time as Chief of the Defence staff, the British Armed Forces saw significant involvement in both Iraq ([[Operation Telic]]) and Afghanistan ([[Operation Herrick]]). In late April 2009, British military operations in Iraq came to an end.

In June 2007, whilst speaking at [[Chatham House]], Stirrup commented that Western militaries must be prepared to deal with the consequences of [[global warming]]<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/25/climate_change_means_war_say_forces/ The Register]</ref>.

On operations in Afghanistan, Stirrup has noted that whilst "the military is a key, an essential element in dealing with those problems, but by and large these problems can only be resolved politically" and that he favoured a pragmatic approach to dealing with former members of the [[Taliban]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/10/25/wafg725.xml Telegraph.co.uk]</ref>

Following [[Prince Henry of Wales|Prince Harry]]'s early return from Afghanistan, Stirrup stated that the Prince might only be deployed in future if the risks involved "would be no higher than they would normally be in such circumstances".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7273129.stm BBC News]</ref>.

In June 2008, Stirrup made clear his view that the [[British Armed Forces]] were overstretched. Stirrup stated that the Armed Forces did not have the structure or resources to continue fighting in both Iraq and Afghanistan, unless the British involvement in one of the conflicts was reduced to a small scale.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article4208603.ece Sir Jock Stirrup: forces too stretched to cope with Iraq and Afghanistan]</ref>

In September 2009, Stirrup made a visit to [[Israel]], seeing the [[Israel Defense Forces]]'s [[Chief of General Staff (Israel)|Chief of General Staff]] [[Gabi Ashkenazi]] and other senior commanders. During the visit, Anglo-Israeli military co-operation, the British operations in Afghanistan and the situation in the [[Middle East]] were discussed. Stirrup also visited the [[Palestinian Authority]].<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1253820672885 UK chief of staff pays quiet visit]</ref>

==Honours and memberships==
Stirrup has received the following honours:
*Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Bath]]<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=57665 |date=11 June 2005 |startpage=2 |notarchive=x |supp=x |accessdate=2008-11-23}}</ref>
*[[Air Aide de Camp]] to Her Majesty The Queen<ref name="5August2003"/>
*Honorary Colonel 73 Engineer Regiment (Volunteers)<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=56614 |date=25 June 2002 |startpage=7575 |notarchive=x |supp=x |accessdate=2008-11-27}}</ref>

Stirrup is associated with the following organizations:
*Fellow of the [[Royal Aeronautical Society]]<ref>[http://www.aerosociety.com/conference/PDFs/SCamm05.pdf Royal Aeronautical Society]</ref>
*Member of the [[Society of Knights of the Round Table]].<ref>[http://www.arthuriansocietyofknights.org/members.html Society of Knights of the Round Table]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.defensenews.com/conferences/dubai1203/2457284.html Defense News - Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup]
*[http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/People/ChiefsOfStaff/ChiefOfTheDefenceStaff.htm Ministry of Defence - Chief of the Defence Staff]
*[http://www.poetv.com/video.php?vid=33538 Clip from The Daily Show]

{{s-start}}
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{{Chief of the Air Staff}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stirrup, Jock}}
[[Category:Royal Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society]]
[[Category:RAF College Cranwell graduates]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Old Merchant Taylors]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Dhofar Rebellion]]

Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12. Lady Kinloss

2009-11-04T19:12:47Z

Demophon:

{{BLP unsourced|date=July 2009|bot=yes}}
'''(Beatrice) Mary Grenville Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady Kinloss''' (born [[18 August]] [[1922]]) is a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Peeress]].

She is the senior heir-general to [[Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp]], the only son of [[Lady Catherine Grey]]. Had the marriage of Catherine Grey from which Edward Seymour was born ever been deemed legitimate for dynastic purposes, then Edward would have supplanted his second cousin once removed—[[Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven]]—as senior legitimate heir-general of [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France]] and '''Lady Kinloss''' would be Mary's genealogical representative today.

Had Edward Seymour been deemed eligible to succeed to the throne and had the [[Parliament of England|Parliament]]-sanctioned [[Henry VIII of England#Death and succession|testament]] of [[Henry VIII of England]] and the succession order there stipulated prevailed, with the throne, on the extinction of Henry's line in 1603, passing to Seymour, the great-grandson of his younger sister, Mary, instead of [[James I of England|James VI of Scotland]], the great-grandson of his older sister, [[Margaret Tudor|Margaret]], Lady Kinloss would today be reigning queen of [[Kingdom of England|England and Ireland]].

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|sct}}
{{succession box | before=[[Mary Morgan-Grenville, 11th Lady Kinloss|Mary Morgan-Grenville]] | title=[[Lady Kinloss]] | after=Incumbient | years=1944–present}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kinloss, Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady}}
[[Category:Hereditary suo jure peeresses]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{UK-noble-stub}}

Andrew Bruce, 11. Earl of Elgin

2009-10-17T13:41:57Z

Demophon: /* Family */

{{BLP unsourced|date=June 2009|bot=yes}}
'''Andrew Douglas Alexander Thomas Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin and 15th Earl of Kincardine''', [[Order of the Thistle|KT]], [[Canadian Forces Decoration|CD]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]], [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]] (born [[17 February]] [[1924]]), styled '''Lord Bruce''' before 1968, is a Scottish nobleman.

==Ancestry==
Lord Elgin is a direct living descendant of [[Robert I of Scotland|Robert Bruce]] (his 19th great grandfather through his 12th great grandmother Jane Blackadder), and [[James Bruce|James Bruce the Explorer]] (his fourth great-grandfather through his great-grandmother Mary Cummings-Bruce wife of [[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin]]). Lord Elgin also descends from Robert I through James Bruce the explorer; he is not however the only Bruce to descend from Robert I. Through Robert I, Lord Elgin is also a descendant of a host of other royals including [[William the Conqueror]], [[Alfred the Great]], [[Charlemagne]], [[Brian Boruma]], [[Henry I of England]], and [[Kenneth MacAlpin]].

==Biography==
Andrew Douglas Alexander Thomas Bruce, Lord Bruce was born in 1924, the eldest son of the [[Edward Bruce, 10th Earl of Elgin|10th Earl of Elgin and 14th Earl of Kincardine]] and Hon. Katherine Elizabeth Cochrane, daughter of the 1st [[Baron Cochrane of Cults]]. He was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and at [[Balliol College, Oxford]]. He served during the [[World War II|Second World War]] in the [[Scots Guards]] as a [[lieutenant]] and was wounded.
==Family==
In 1959 he married Victoria Mary Usher and they have five children:
*[[Charles Edward Bruce, Lord Bruce]]
*The Hon. Alexander Bruce
*[[Adam Bruce|The Hon. Adam Bruce]]
*The Lady Georgina Bruce
*The Lady Antonia Bruce

==Personal ventures==
He succeeded to the earldoms and other titles on the death of his father in 1968.

He has held a number of business appointments, including as President of the Scottish Amicable Life Assurance Society (1975–1994), Chairman of the National Savings Committee for Scotland Commissioner to the General Assembly of the [[Church of Scotland]] in 1980 and 1981, was County Cadet Commandant for [[Fife]] from 1952 to 1965, Brigade President of the [[Boys' Brigade]] from 1966 to 1985, and [[Freemasonry|Grand Master Mason of Scotland]] from 1961 to 1965. Since 1970, he has been honorary colonel of the [[31 Combat Engineer Regiment (The Elgins)]], and of the [[153 (Highland) Transport Regiment]] from 1976 to 1986. He was appointed a [[Justice of the Peace]] in 1951, was [[Deputy Lieutenant]] of Fife 1955–1987, and [[Lord Lieutenant of Fife|Lord Lieutenant]] 1987–1999. He was appointed a [[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]] and awarded the [[Canadian Forces Decoration]] in 1981. He is a Brigadier of the [[Royal Company of Archers]] and a covenor of the [[Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs]].

He is a Freeman of [[Bridgetown]], [[Regina, Saskatchewan]], Port Elgin, [[Winnipeg, Manitoba]], [[St. Thomas, Ontario]], and [[Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan]].

Lord Elgin granted permission for the formation of the Bruce Family Organization which is dedicated to preserving the history of the Bruces.

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[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Scots Guards officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Fife]]
[[Category:Boys' Brigade]]

Victor Cavendish, 9. Duke of Devonshire

2009-09-23T15:31:54Z

Demophon: Acc. WP:MOSBIO

{{distinguish|Victor Cavendish-Bentinck}}
{{Infobox_Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[File:Rangkronen-Fig. 06.png|25px]] His Grace 
| name = The Duke of Devonshire 
| honorific-suffix = KG, PC, GCMG, GCVO, JP
| image = GG Duke of Devonshire.jpg
| imagesize = 160px
| order1 = [[File:Crest of the Governor-General of Canada.svg|20px]] 11th
| office1 = Governor General of Canada
| term_start1 = 11 November 1916
| term_end1 = 2 August 1921
| monarch1 = [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]
| primeminister1 = [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian]]   • [[Robert Borden]]   • [[Arthur Meighen]] [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British]]   • [[H. H. Asquith]]   • [[David Lloyd George]]
| predecessor1 = [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]]
| successor1 = [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|Julian Byng, Baron Byng of Vimy]]
| office2 = [[#External links|More...]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1868|5|31}}
| birth_place = [[Marylebone]], [[London]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1938|5|6|1868|5|31}}
| death_place = [[Chatsworth House]], [[Derbyshire]]
| profession = [[Politics|Politician]]
| party = [[Liberal Unionist Party|Liberal Unionist]]
| alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| spouse = [[Evelyn Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire]]
}}
'''Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=[[Order of the Garter|KG]] [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]] [[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]] [[Royal Victorian Order|GCVO]] [[Justice of the Peace|JP]]}} (31 May 1868{{ndash}} 6 May 1938) was a British politician who, between 1916 and 1921, served as the [[Governor General of Canada]]. He was born the eldest son of a [[Nobility|noble]] family in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]], and educated at [[Eton College]] before moving on to the [[University of Cambridge]]. In 1891, he entered into politics, winning unopposed the riding his father had held until he died that year, and held this seat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|British House of Commons]] until he inhereted his uncle's dukedom in 1908, thereafter taking his place in the [[House of Lords]], while for a period at the same time acting as mayor of [[Eastbourne]] and [[Chesterfield]], as well as holding various cabinet posts both prior to and after his rise to the [[peerage]].

On the recommendation of then [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[H. H. Asquith]], Cavendish was appointed by [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]], the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|king of Canada]], as the Canadian [[viceroy]], succeeding in that role [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]].<ref name=GGCav>{{cite web| url=http://www.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/devonshire_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Governor General > Former Governors General > The Duke of Devonshire| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=18 April 2009}}</ref> The designation was initially controversial, though, by the time of his departure for the UK, Cavendish had earned praise for the way in which he carried out his official duties. Following his tenure as the Canadian viceroy, he returned to political and diplomatic life, serving as [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] between 1922 and 1924, before retiring to his estate in [[Derbyshire]], where he died on 6 May 1938.

==Early life, education, and political career==
Cavendish was born in the [[Marylebone]] area of [[London]], [[England]], as the eldest son of [[Lord Edward Cavendish]], himself the third son of [[William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish, seventh Duke of Devonshire]], and [[Emma Lascelles]], the daughter of [[William Lascelles]]. As such, Cavendish's uncles were [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington]] (eventually the eighth Duke of Devonshire) and [[Lord Frederick Cavendish]], and [[Lord Richard Cavendish (1871–1946)|Lord Richard Cavendish]] was his younger brother.

Cavendish was educated at [[Eton College]] before moving on to [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at the [[University of Cambridge]],<ref>{{Venn|id=CVNS887VC|name=Cavendish, Victor Christian William}}</ref> during which time his father sat as the [[Member of Parliament]] for [[West Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)|West Derbyshire]]. In May 1891, however, shortly after Cavendish graduated from Cambridge, his father died, and Cavendish thus entered into the race for the vacated parliamentary seat and won, becoming the youngest member of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|British House of Commons]] at the time.<ref name=CE>{{Citation| last=Hillmer| first=Norman| contribution=The Canadian Encyclopedia| title=Biography > Governors General of Canada > Devonshire, Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of| editor-last=Marsh| editor-first=James Harley| place=Toronto| publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002266| accessdate=28 April 2009}}</ref> He married on 30 July of the following year [[Evelyn Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Lady Evelyn FitzMaurice]], the eldest daughter of [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquess of Lansdowne]], who until four years earlier had served as the fifth Governor General of Canada.<ref name=GGCav /> The couple thereafter had seven children: [[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|Edward, Marquess of Hartington]] (born 1895, later 10th Duke of Devonshire), Lady Maud Louisa Emma (born 1896), Lady Blanche Katharine (born 1898), [[Lady Dorothy Macmillan|Lady Dorothy]] (born 1900), Lady Rachel (born 1902), [[Lord Charles Arthur Francis Cavendish|Lord Charles Arthur Francis]] (born 1905), and Lady Anne (born 1909). Through his children's eventual marriages, Cavendish became the father-in-law of [[Henry Philip Hunloke]], [[James Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn|James Stuart]], [[Harold Macmillan]], and [[Adele Astaire]].
[[File:Chatsworth Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|[[Chatsworth House]], which Cavendish inherited upon asceeding to the Dukedom of Devonshire in 1908.]]

For 17 years Cavendish held his parliamentary post, during which time, between 1900 and 1903, he acted as [[Treasurer of the Household]], from 1903 to 1905 as [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]], and on 11 December 1905 was sworn into the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|King's Privy Council]].<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=27862| date=8 December 1905| startpage=8892| accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref> It was only when he succeeded to the Dukedom of Devonshire on 24 March 1908 that Cavendish quit his commons seat and took his place in the [[House of Lords]], the same year in which Cavendish was appointed as [[Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire]]. The next year he was made Chancellor of the [[University of Leeds]], and then was elected to two mayoral offices, first to that of [[Eastbourne]] between 1909 and 1910, and then [[Chesterfield]] from 1911 to 1912. With the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]], however, Cavendish ceased activities related to all but his honorific appointments, and between 1915 and 1916 sat as the [[List of Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty|Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty]] in the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] of [[H. H. Asquith]].<ref name=GGCav /><ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29651| date=4 July 1916| startpage=6596| accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref>

==Governor generalship==
It was announced from the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] on 8 August 1916 that George V had, by commission under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Seal (device)#Signet rings|signet]], approved the recommendation of his British Prime Minister, H.H. Asquith, to appoint Cavendish as his representative. The appointment caused political problems, as [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Robert Borden]] had not been consulted on the matter, contrary to practice well established by that point in time. Borden thus felt insult, which led to considerable difficulties at the beginning of Cavendish's tenure, officially beginning after he was on 11 November 1916 sworn in during a ceremony held in [[City of Halifax|Halifax]].<ref name=GGCav />

In that era, there was social unrest in the country. Not only was the [[women's suffrage]] movement gaining momentum in Canada, and calls were coming out of the prairies for [[Socialism|socialist]] changes to the governmental system, but the World War continued to rage in Europe. Canada was providing troops and supplies, and Cavendish, shortly after his installation, and on the advice of Borden, introduced [[conscription]]; a decision that was particularly divisive between [[French Canadian|French]] and [[English Canadian]]s and sparked the [[Conscription Crisis of 1917]]. The [[Battle of Vimy Ridge|Canadian victory at Vimy Ridge]] later that year, however, helped fuel Canadian pride and nationalism at home, and the Governor General, while conscious of his role's remaining connection to the British government, used this military win to positively and publicly encourage reconciliation. At all times, Cavendish was careful to consult with his prime minister and the leaders of [[Official Opposition (Canada)|His Majesty's Loyal Opposition]] in Canada on matters related to conscription and the war effort.<ref name=GGCav /> The Governor General was soon again engaged in more sombre duties in the wake of the [[Halifax Explosion]] on 6 December; he travelled to [[Nova Scotia]] to survey the damage, and he there met with survivors and addressed the women of the [[Voluntary Aid Detachment]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=3623771&rec_nbr_list=3623771,3192693,3400879,3400834,3214871,3214875,3509630,3642832,3400861,3400794&back_url=(http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/lac-bac/result/arch.php?FormName=Fed+Simple+Search&SourceQuery=&SortSpec=score+desc&Language=eng&SearchIn_1=&SearchInText_1=duke+of+devonshire&Operator_1=AND&SearchIn_2=&SearchInText_2=&Operator_2=AND&SearchIn_3=&SearchInText_3=&Sources_1=amicus&Sources_2=mikan&Sources_3=genapp&Sources_4=web&soundex=on&cainInd=&ResultCount=10&MaxDocs=-1&Sources=mikan&Media=Media.Photographs&DigitalImages=1&PageNum=1)| title=Library and Archives Canada > MIKAN no. 3623771| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=27 April 2009}}</ref>

Cavendish took interest in the lives of Canadians, and conducted various tours of the country to meet with them. As a land owner himself, the Governor General was particularly focused on the development of farming in Canada,<ref name=CE /> and during his travels, at [[Agriculture|agricultural]] and [[Horticulture|horticultural]] fairs, shows, and [[Maple syrup#Production|sugaring-off]] parties in the [[Gatineau]], discussed agricultural issues with farmers and other people in the industry. His speeches often referred to Canada's potential to lead the world in agricultural research and development, and one of his major projects while viceroy was to establish experimental farms, including the Crown's [[Central Experimental Farm]], now completely surrounded by the city of [[Ottawa]]. At the same time, Cavendish acted as a patron of the arts; when not on tour or residing at ''[[Citadelle of Quebec|La Citadelle]]''{{ndash}} the viceregal residence in [[Quebec City]] at which the Duke enjoyed spending time{{ndash}} Cavendish was frequently visiting the [[National Gallery of Canada|National Gallery]] and hosting theatrical performances at [[Rideau Hall]]. There, on the grounds of the royal residence, during the winters, the Cavendishes also hosted tobogganing and [[Ice skating|skating]] parties, as well as [[Ice hockey|hockey]] matches. Officially, Cavendish in 1918 travelled to the [[United States]], to meet informally with [[President of the United States|President]] [[Woodrow Wilson]], and the following year hosted [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Prince Edward, Prince of Wales]], during his first tour of Canada.<ref name=GGCav />

By the end of his tenure as governor general, Cavendish had overcome all of the initial suspicions that had surrounded his appointment; both men who served successively as his Canadian prime minister{{ndash}} Borden and [[Arthur Meighen]]{{ndash}} came to view him as a friend not only of theirs personally, but also of Canada. The former said of Cavendish: "No Governor General has come with a more comprehensive grasp of public questions as they touch not only this country and the United Kingdom, but the whole [[British Empire|Empire]]."<ref name=GGCav /> The Duke left as a mark of his time in Canada the Devonshire Cup, for the annual [[golf]] competition of the Canadian Seniors Golf Association,<ref>''Golf in Canada: A History'', by James A. Barclay, [[Toronto]], [[McClelland and Stewart]], 1992, p. 456.</ref> and the Duke of Devonshire Trophy, for the [[Ottawa Horticultural Society]]. For Cavendish, Canada left with his family the two [[Aide-de-Camp|aides-de-camp]] who had married Cavendish's daughters while the family resided in Ottawa.

==Post-viceregal life==
On returning to England, Devonshire worked at the [[League of Nations]] before serving from 1922 to 1924 as [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] (with a seat in the British Cabinet) under Prime Ministers [[Andrew Bonar Law]] and [[Stanley Baldwin]].<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32982| date=14 October 1924| startpage=7430| accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref> In 1922, he was also appointed by King George V to the committee that was charged with looking into how honours were to be bestowed in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32749| date=22 September 1922| startpage=6767| accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref> He simultaneously continued to run his agricultural land holdings, especially around [[Chatsworth House]], where he died in May 1938.

==Titles, styles, and honours==
===Titles===
{{Infobox viceroy styles
| image = [[File:Crest of the Governor-General of Canada.svg|50px]]
| name = The Duke of Devonshire
| dipstyle = His Grace ''Sa Grâce''
| offstyle = Your Grace ''Votre Grâce''
| altstyle = Sir ''Monsieur''
}}

* '''3 May 1868{{ndash}} 11 December 1905''': ''Mister'' Victor Cavendish
* '''11 December 1905{{ndash}} 24 March 1908''': ''The Right Honourable'' Victor Cavendish
* '''24 March 1908{{ndash}} 11 November 1916''': ''His Grace'' The Duke of Devonshire
* '''11 November 1916{{ndash}} 19 September 1918''': ''His Grace'' The Duke of Devonshire, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Militia and Naval Forces of Canada
* '''19 September 1918{{ndash}} 2 August 1921''': ''His Grace'' The Duke of Devonshire, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Militia and Naval and Air Forces of Canada
* '''2 August 1921{{ndash}} 6 May 1938''': ''His Grace'' The Duke of Devonshire

Cavendish's style and title as Governor General of Canada was, in full, and in [[English language|English]]: ''His Excellency The Most Noble Sir. Victor Christian William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, Marquess of Hartington, Earl of Burlington, Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Justice of the Peace, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Militia and Naval and Air Forces of Canada'', and in [[French language|French]]: ''Son Excellence le très Noble Sir Victor Christian William Cavendish, duk de Devonshire, marquess de Hartington, comte de Burlington, chevalier de le nobilissime ordre de la Jarretière, chevalier grand-croix de le très distingué ordre de Saint-Michel et Saint-George, chevalier grand-croix de l'ordre royal de Victoria, Justice de paix, gouverneur générale et commandant en chef de la milice et les forces navales et aérienne du Canada''. It should be noted that, for Cavendish, ''Commander-in-Chief'' was strictly a title, and not a position that he held; the actual commander-in-chief (who can also be, and is, called such) is perpetually the monarch of Canada.<ref>{{Citation| last=Victoria| author-link=Victoria of the United Kingdom| publication-date=29 March 1867| title=Constitution Act, 1867| series=III.15| publication-place=Westminster| publisher=Queen's Printer| url=http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/ca_1867.html| accessdate=15 January 2009}}</ref>

In his post-viceregal life, Alexander's style and title was: ''His Grace The Most Noble Sir. Victor Christian William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, Marquess of Hartington, Earl of Burlington, Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Justice of the Peace''.

===Honours===
;Appointments
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''11 December 1905{{ndash}} 6 May 1938''': [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Member of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council]] (PC)
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''19 August 1912{{ndash}} 6 May 1938''': [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] (GCVO)<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28639| date=27 August 1912| startpage=6371| accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''28 July 1916{{ndash}} 6 May 1938''': [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]] (GCMG)<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29687| date=28 July 1916| startpage=7477| accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} '''11 November 1916{{ndash}} 2 August 1921''': [[Scouts Canada#Organization|Chief Scout for Canada]]
* {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} '''11 November 1916{{ndash}} 6 May 1938''': [[Royal Military College of Canada|Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada Club]]
* {{flagicon|England}} '''n/a{{ndash}} 6 May 1938''': [[Order of the Garter|Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter]] (KG)

;Medals
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''1911''': [[King George V Coronation Medal]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''1935''': [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''1937''': [[King George VI Coronation Medal]]

====Honorary military appointments====
* {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} '''11 November 1916{{ndash}} 2 August 1921''': Colonel of the Regiment of [[the Governor General's Horse Guards]]
* {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} '''11 November 1916{{ndash}} 2 August 1921''': Colonel of the Regiment of the [[Governor General's Foot Guards]]
* {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} '''11 November 1916{{ndash}} 2 August 1921''': Colonel of the Regiment of [[the Canadian Grenadier Guards]]

====Honorary degrees====
* {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} '''1917''': [[University of Alberta]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LLD)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/honorarydegreeslist.cfm#C| title=University of Alberta Senate > Honorary Degrees > Past Honorary Degree Recipients > C| publisher=University of Alberta| accessdate=28 April 2009}}</ref>

{{Expand list|date=June 2009}}

====Honorific eponyms====
;Awards
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]]: [[Devonshire Cup]]
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} [[Ontario]]: [[Duke of Devonshire Trophy]]

;Geographic locations
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} [[Saskatchewan]]: [[Devonshire Crescent (Imperial)|Devonshire Crescent]], [[Imperial, Saskatchewan|Imperial]]

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire'''
|2= 2. [[Lord Edward Cavendish|Edward Cavendish]]
|3= 3. Emma Lascelles
|4= 4. [[William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire]]
|5= 5. Blanche Georgiana Howard
|6= 6. [[William Lascelles]]
|7= 7. Caroline Georgiana Howard
|8= 8. [[William Cavendish (1783–1812)]]
|9= 9. Louisa O'Callaghan
|10= 10. [[George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle]]
|11= 11. Georgiana Cavendish
|12= 12. [[Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood]]
|13= 13. Henrietta Sebright
|14= 14. [[George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle]] (= 10)
|15= 15. Georgiana Cavendish (= 11)
|16= 16. [[George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington]]
|17= 17. Elizabeth Compton
|18= 18. Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Baron Lismore
|19= 19. Frances Ponsonby
|20= 20. [[Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle]]
|21= 21. Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower
|22= 22. [[William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire]]
|23= 23. [[Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Georgiana Spencer]]
|24= 24. [[Edward Lascelles, 1st Earl of Harewood]]
|25= 25. Anne Chaloner
|26= 26. John Sebright, 6th Baronet
|27= 27. Sarah Knight
|28= 28. [[Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle]] (= 20)
|29= 29. Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower (= 21)
|30= 30. [[William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire]] (= 22)
|31= 31. [[Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Georgiana Spencer]] (= 23)
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}

==See also==
* [[Politics of Canada]]
* [[List of state leaders by date]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/devonshire_e.asp Website of the Governor General of Canada entry for Victor Cavendish]
*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p959.htm#i9584 thepeerage.com entry for Victor Cavendish]
*{{NRA|P5197}}

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[West Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)|West Derbyshire]] |
years = [[West Derbyshire by-election, 1891|1891]]{{ndash}} [[West Derbyshire by-election, 1908|1908]] |
before = [[Lord Edward Cavendish]] |
after = [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 6th Marquess of Lansdowne|Earl of Kerry]]
}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] |
years = 1922{{ndash}} 1924 |
before = [[Winston Churchill]] |
after = [[James Henry Thomas]]
}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Civil Lord of the Admiralty]] |
years = 1915{{ndash}} 1916 |
after = [[Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton|The Earl of Lytton]] |
before = [[George Lambert, 1st Viscount Lambert|George Lambert]]
}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] |
years = 1903{{ndash}} 1905 |
before = [[Arthur Elliot (politician)|Arthur Elliot]] |
after = [[Reginald McKenna]]
}}
{{s-hon}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire]] |
years = 1908{{ndash}} 1938 |
before = [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|The 8th Duke of Devonshire]] |
after = [[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|The 10th Duke of Devonshire]]
}}
{{s-court}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Treasurer of the Household]] |
years = 1900{{ndash}} 1903 |
before = [[Richard Curzon, 4th Earl Howe|Viscount Curzon]] |
after = [[James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn|Marquess of Hamilton]]
}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box |
title = [[University of Leeds|Chancellor of the University of Leeds]] |
years = 1909{{ndash}} 1938 |
before = [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|The Marquess of Ripon]] |
after = [[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|The 10th Duke of Devonshire]]
}}
{{s-reg|en}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Duke of Devonshire]] |
years = 1908{{ndash}} 1938 |
before = [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Spencer Cavendish]] |
after = [[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|Edward Cavendish]]
}}
{{end box}}

{{CanGG}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devonshire, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]

[[Category:British Secretaries of State]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Dukes of Devonshire|109]]
[[Category:Dukes in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Governors General of Canada]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Derbyshire]]
[[Category:Lords of the Admiralty]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:Liberal Unionist Party politicians (UK)]]
[[Category:Old Etonians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Past Derbyshire MPs|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1886-1892|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1892-1895|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1895-1900|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1900-1906|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1906-1910|Cavendish, Victor]]
[[Category:House of Cavendish|Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire]]
[[Category:Treasurers of the Household]]

[[fr:Victor Cavendish]]
[[pl:Victor Cavendish, 9. książę Devonshire]]
[[sv:Victor Cavendish, 9:e hertig av Devonshire]]
[[zh:維克多·卡文迪許，第九代德文郡公爵]]

Alan Brooke, 3. Viscount Brookeborough

2009-09-02T18:17:08Z

Demophon:

'''Alan Henry Brooke, 3rd Viscount Brookeborough''', [[Baronet|Bt]] (born June 30, 1952), is a [[Northern Ireland|Northern Irish]] [[Peerage|peer]] and landowner. He is one of the 92 [[hereditary peers]] who remain, for life, in the [[House of Lords]].

==Early life and career==
Brooke was educated at [[Harrow School]], [[Millfield]], and the [[Royal Agricultural College]], [[Cirencester]].

He joined the [[British Army]] in 1971, being commissioned into the [[17th/21st Lancers]]. In 1977 he transferred to the [[Ulster Defence Regiment]], which was to become the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684-1922)|Royal Irish Regiment]] in 1992. He was promoted to [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in 1993, and became Honorary [[Colonel]] of the 4th/5th [[Battalion]], [[Royal Irish Rangers]] in 1997.

==Personal life==
Lord Brookeborough married Janet Elizabeth Cooke (daughter of JP Cooke, of [[Doagh]]), now Viscountess Brookeborough, in 1980. They farm the {{convert|1000|acre|km2|lk=on}} Colebrooke Park, [[Brookeborough]], [[County Fermanagh]], in Northern Ireland.<ref>[http://www.4ni.co.uk/northern_ireland_news.asp?id=7938 ''Brookeborough Bomb Search Continues'' (4ni.co.uk)]</ref>

==Peerage==
Brooke succeeded his [[John Brooke, 2nd Viscount Brookeborough|father]] as the 3rd [[Viscount Brookeborough]] in 1987. Although he lost his automatic right to a seat in the House of Lords, with all other hereditary peers after the passage of the [[House of Lords Act 1999]], Lord Brookeborough returned to the House as an [[representative peer|elected]] crossbench peer in 1999.<ref>[http://biographies.parliament.uk/parliament/default.asp?id=26722 House of Lords biography]</ref>

He has been a [[Lord-in-Waiting]] to [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|The Queen]] since 1997. He is President of the Co. Fermanagh Unionist Association and was appointed as an independent member of the NI Policing Board in 2001.<ref>[http://www.impartialreporter.com/archive/2001-09-27/news/story2263.html ''Brookeborough pledges to represent Fermanagh on new Police Board'', The Impartial Reporter, 27/9/2001]</ref>

==Family==

The soldier, [[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke]], is a member of the same family.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords]]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Viscount Brookeborough]] | before=[[John Brooke, 2nd Viscount Brookeborough|John Brooke]]| after=Current incumbent | years=1987—present | }}

{{end box}}

{{British viscounts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brookeborough, Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscount}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Agricultural College]]
[[Category:Ulster Defence Regiment officers]]
[[Category:17th/21st Lancers officers]]
[[Category:Old Harrovians]]
[[Category:Old Millfieldians]]
[[Category:People from County Fermanagh]]

Alan Brooke, 3. Viscount Brookeborough

2009-09-02T18:16:36Z

Demophon: /* See also */

'''Alan Henry Brooke, 3rd Viscount Brookeborough''', [[Baronet|Bt.]] (born June 30, 1952), is a [[Northern Ireland|Northern Irish]] [[Peerage|peer]] and landowner. He is one of the 92 [[hereditary peers]] who remain, for life, in the [[House of Lords]].

==Early life and career==
Brooke was educated at [[Harrow School]], [[Millfield]], and the [[Royal Agricultural College]], [[Cirencester]].

He joined the [[British Army]] in 1971, being commissioned into the [[17th/21st Lancers]]. In 1977 he transferred to the [[Ulster Defence Regiment]], which was to become the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684-1922)|Royal Irish Regiment]] in 1992. He was promoted to [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in 1993, and became Honorary [[Colonel]] of the 4th/5th [[Battalion]], [[Royal Irish Rangers]] in 1997.

==Personal life==
Lord Brookeborough married Janet Elizabeth Cooke (daughter of JP Cooke, of [[Doagh]]), now Viscountess Brookeborough, in 1980. They farm the {{convert|1000|acre|km2|lk=on}} Colebrooke Park, [[Brookeborough]], [[County Fermanagh]], in Northern Ireland.<ref>[http://www.4ni.co.uk/northern_ireland_news.asp?id=7938 ''Brookeborough Bomb Search Continues'' (4ni.co.uk)]</ref>

==Peerage==
Brooke succeeded his [[John Brooke, 2nd Viscount Brookeborough|father]] as the 3rd [[Viscount Brookeborough]] in 1987. Although he lost his automatic right to a seat in the House of Lords, with all other hereditary peers after the passage of the [[House of Lords Act 1999]], Lord Brookeborough returned to the House as an [[representative peer|elected]] crossbench peer in 1999.<ref>[http://biographies.parliament.uk/parliament/default.asp?id=26722 House of Lords biography]</ref>

He has been a [[Lord-in-Waiting]] to [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|The Queen]] since 1997. He is President of the Co. Fermanagh Unionist Association and was appointed as an independent member of the NI Policing Board in 2001.<ref>[http://www.impartialreporter.com/archive/2001-09-27/news/story2263.html ''Brookeborough pledges to represent Fermanagh on new Police Board'', The Impartial Reporter, 27/9/2001]</ref>

==Family==

The soldier, [[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke]], is a member of the same family.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords]]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Viscount Brookeborough]] | before=[[John Brooke, 2nd Viscount Brookeborough|John Brooke]]| after=Current incumbent | years=1987—present | }}

{{end box}}

{{British viscounts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brookeborough, Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscount}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Agricultural College]]
[[Category:Ulster Defence Regiment officers]]
[[Category:17th/21st Lancers officers]]
[[Category:Old Harrovians]]
[[Category:Old Millfieldians]]
[[Category:People from County Fermanagh]]

George Makgill, 13. Viscount of Oxfuird

2009-08-23T05:22:05Z

Demophon:

{{unsourced|date=April 2009}}
'''George Hubbard Makgill, 13th Viscount of Oxfuird''', [[Baronet|Bt]], [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]], ([[7 January]] [[1934]] - [[3 January]] [[2003]]) was Chief of the Makgill family. He inherited his titles from his uncle.

Makgill was a deputy speaker and deputy chair of committees in the upper house. He was one of the 90 hereditary peers who were elected in 1999 to continue as members of the Lords when most of the hereditary peers lost their seats.

He married twice. By his first wife he had a son, Richard (died young) and twin sons: [[Ian Alexander Arthur Makgill, 14th Viscount of Oxfuird]] and Hon Robert Edward George Makgill. The latter was engaged [[5 August]], [[2005]] to Miss Melissa A.R. Lo, daughter of Mr & Mrs Robert Lo, of Hong Kong. He had two other children, Hon Hamish Max Makgill and Hon Edward Anthony Donald Makgill.

{{start box}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of hereditary peers elected to sit in the House of Lords under the House of Lords Act 1999|Elected hereditary peer]]|before='''Position created'''|after=[[Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater|The Viscount Ullswater]]|years=1999-2003}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box | title=[[Viscount of Oxfuird]] | before=[[John Donald Arthur Alexander Makgill, 12th Viscount of Oxfuird|John Makgill]] | after=[[Ian Alexander Arthur Makgill, 14th Viscount of Oxfuird|Ian Makgill]] | years=1986 - 2003}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oxfuird, George Makgill,, 13th Viscount of}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Hereditary Peers elected under the House of Lords Act]]
[[Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of Scotland]]

{{scotland-peer-stub}}

Clarence Seignoret

2009-08-08T06:16:41Z

Demophon:

'''Sir Clarence Henry Augustus Seignoret''', [[Order of the Bath|GCB]], COL, [[Knight of Malta|KtM]], OSJ, [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (b. 1919, [[Roseau]], d. 2002) was a former [[President of Dominica]].

Seignoret was educated at the [[Dominica Grammar School]] and at college in Saint Lucia before serving as civil servant in Dominica from 1936. From 1958 to 1960 he had international public service course in [[Oxford University]]. In his career in public service he also acted as first Secretary to the Cabinet and substitute to the President.

In 1983 [[House of Assembly of Dominica]] elected him as [[President of Dominica]] and he was sworn in October 1983, re-elected in 1988 and stepped down after two full five-year terms in 1993.

In 1966 [[Queen Elizabeth II]] awarded him the [[Order of the British Empire]] and in 1985 he was [[Knight|knighted]]. He was also [[Knight of Malta]] since 1992.

==References==
* [http://presidentoffice.gov.dm/former_presidents/sir_clarence_seignoret/cs_bio/sir_clarence_seignoret.html Biography]

{{start box}}
{{succession box|
title=[[List of Presidents of Dominica|President of Dominica]]|
before=[[Aurelius Marie]]|
after=[[Crispin Sorhaindo]]|
years=1983–1993}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Presidents of Dominica]]

{{Dominica-politician-stub}}
{{DominicaPres}}

Clarence Seignoret

2009-08-08T06:08:34Z

Demophon:

Sir '''Clarence Henry Augustus Seignoret''', GCB, COL, KtM, OSJ, OBE (b. 1919, [[Roseau]], d. 2002) was a former [[President of Dominica]].

Seignoret was educated at the [[Dominica Grammar School]] and at college in Saint Lucia before serving as civil servant in Dominica from 1936. From 1958 to 1960 he had international public service course in [[Oxford University]]. In his career in public service he also acted as first Secretary to the Cabinet and substitute to the President.

In 1983 [[House of Assembly of Dominica]] elected him as [[President of Dominica]] and he was sworn in October 1983, re-elected in 1988 and stepped down after two full five-year terms in 1993.

In 1966 [[Queen Elizabeth II]] awarded him the [[Order of the British Empire]] and in 1985 he was [[Knight|knighted]]. He was also [[Knight of Malta]] since 1992.

==References==
* [http://presidentoffice.gov.dm/former_presidents/sir_clarence_seignoret/cs_bio/sir_clarence_seignoret.html Biography]

{{start box}}
{{succession box|
title=[[List of Presidents of Dominica|President of Dominica]]|
before=[[Aurelius Marie]]|
after=[[Crispin Sorhaindo]]|
years=1983–1993}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Presidents of Dominica]]

{{Dominica-politician-stub}}
{{DominicaPres}}

Granville Waldegrave, 3. Baron Radstock

2009-06-21T02:27:17Z

Demophon:

{{Infobox Person
| name = The Lord Radstock
| image =
| caption =
| occupation = [[Missionary]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1833|4|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1913|12|8|1833|4|10|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
}}
'''Granville Augustus William Waldegrave, 3rd Baron Radstock''' ([[10 April]] [[1833]], [[London]] - [[8 December]] [[1913]], [[Paris]]) <ref name="GWgenealogics">{{Genealogics|id=00319137|name=Granville Augustus William Waldegrave, 3rd Lord Radstock}}</ref> was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[missionary]] and a [[Peer of Ireland]].

He became the 3rd Baron Radstock on the death of his father [[Granville Waldegrave, 2nd Baron Radstock|Granville George Waldegrave]] in 1857. Radstock married Susan Charlotte Calcraft on [[16 July]] [[1858]] in Trinity Church, Marylebone<ref name="SCgenealogics">{{Genealogics|id=00061840|name=Susan Charlotte Calcraft}}</ref>. In 1889 they acquired the [[Mayfield Park, Southampton|Mayfield]] estate in [[Weston, Southampton]]<ref>Southampton City Council</ref>.

He was widowed on [[8 December]] [[1892]] <ref name="GWgenealogics"/>.

Radstock is perhaps best known for his work as a missionary during the ''Great Russian Awakening''<ref>Lord Radstock and the Russian Awakening. David Fountain. (Publ Southampton: Mayflower Christian Books, 1988) ISBN 0-907821-04-9</ref>. In 1873 he travelled to [[St Petersburg]] to encourage people to become [[Plymouth Brethren]] <ref>[http://books.google.pl/books?id=mnPWomMstOIC&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq= ''Millennium of Faith'']</ref>.

== External links ==
* [http://www.worldroots.com/brigitte/famous/h/henry8englanddesc-38.htm Worldroots.com (reference to Lord Radstock, his marriage dates of birth, and Weston)]
* [http://david.fountain.vc/biblio.html David Fountain (reference to his book on Lord Radstock and Mayfield)]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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{{succession box | title=[[Baron Radstock]] | before=[[Granville Waldegrave, 2nd Baron Radstock|Granville Waldegrave]] | after=[[Granville Waldegrave, 4th Baron Radstock|Granville Waldegrave]] | years=1857–1913}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Radstock, Granville Waldegrave, 3rd Baron}}
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[[Category:Waldegrave family|Granville Waldegrave, 3rd Baron Radstock]]

{{Ireland-peer-stub}}

John Nevill, 5. Marquess of Abergavenny

2009-06-14T17:09:04Z

Demophon: Peers don't use "Sir"

Lt.-Col. '''John Henry Guy Nevill, 5th Marquess of Abergavenny''' [[Order of the Garter|KG]] [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] ([[November 8]] [[1914]] – [[February 23]] [[2000]]) was a [[British peerage|British peer]], the son of the [[Guy Larnach-Nevill, 4th Marquess of Abergavenny|4th Marquess of Abergavenny]].

Lord Abergavenny was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].

In 1936, he became an officer in the service of the [[Life Guards (British Army)|Life Guards]] and fought in the [[Second World War]], was afterwards invested as an [[Order of the British Empire|Officer of the British Empire]] in 1945 and rose to the rank of [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] in 1946.

On [[4 January]] [[1938]], he married [[Patricia Nevill, Marchioness of Abergavenny|Patricia Harrison]], a granddaughter of the [[William Levy-Lawson, 3rd Baron Burnham|3rd Baron Burnham]] and they had five children:

*Lady Anne Patricia Nevill (b. [[25 October]] [[1938]]), married Captain Martin Whiteley and had issue.
*Lady Vivienne Margaret Nevill (b. [[15 February]] [[1941]]), married Alan Lillingston and had issue.
*Lady Jane Elizabeth Nevill (1944–1946), died in infancy.
*Henry John Montague Nevill, Earl of Lewes (1948–1965), died young.
*Lady Rose Nevill (b. [[15 July]] [[1950]]), married George Clowes and had issue.

Lord Abergavenny was an Honorary Colonel of the [[Kent Yeomanry]] 1949–1961, and of the [[Kent and County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters)]] 1961–1962. He was a County Councillor for [[East Sussex]] between 1947 and 1954 and County [[Alderman]] for East Sussex between 1954 and 1962. He was also Deputy Lieutenant of Sussex in 1955, Vice-Lieutenant of Sussex between 1970 and 1974 and later the first [[Lord Lieutenant of East Sussex]] from 1974 to 1989.

Aside from his army and political career, Lord Abergavenny was also: a Director of [[Massey-Ferguson]] between 1955 and 1985; a Director of [[Lloyds Bank]] between 1962 and 1985; Chairman of Lloyds Bank South-East Regional Board between 1962 and 1985 and a Director of [[Whitbread Investment]].

Lord Abergavenny became a [[Venerable Order of St John|Knight of St John]] in 1976, a [[Knight of the Garter]] in 1974 and was Chancellor of that Order between 1977 and 1994. In 1986, he was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|Doctorate of Laws]] from [[Sussex University]].

Lord Abergavenny died in 2000, aged 85 and because he had no surviving male children, was succeeded by his nephew, [[Christopher Nevill, 6th Marquess of Abergavenny|Christopher Nevill]].

{{s-start}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk|The Duke of Norfolk]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Her Majesty's Representative at Ascot]]|years=1972 – 1982}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Piers Bengough|Sir Piers Bengough]]}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Lord Lieutenant of East Sussex]]|years=1974 – 1989}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Lindsay Bryson|Sir Lindsay Bryson]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham|The Viscount Cobham]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Order of the Garter|Chancellor of the Order of the Garter]]|years=1977 – 1994}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|The Lord Carrington]]}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Guy Larnach-Nevill, 4th Marquess of Abergavenny|Guy Larnach-Nevill]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Marquess of Abergavenny]]|years=1954 – 2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Christopher Nevill, 6th Marquess of Abergavenny|Christopher Nevill]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Baron Abergavenny]]|years=1954 – 2000}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abergavenny, John Nevill, 5th Marquess of}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
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[[Category:Old Etonians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
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[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Councillors in South East England]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Sussex]]
[[Category:People associated with the University of Sussex]]

Rufus Keppel, 10. Earl of Albemarle

2009-06-03T14:11:40Z

Demophon: /* Titles */

'''Rufus Arnold Alexis Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle''' (born [[16 July]] [[1965]]) is an award-winning product designer and the founder of the men's-shirt company Albemarle of London.[http://www.albemarleoflondon.com]

== Early life and Education ==
Albemarle is the son of Derek William Charles Keppel, Viscount Bury and his wife, the former Marina Davidoff, a daughter of Count Serge Orloff-Davidoff.<ref name="NYSD">[http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/listpopup.php?tid=70 New York Social Diary: Rufus Albemarle]</ref> Since his father predeceased his grandfather, the 9th Earl of Albemarle, Keppel succeeded to the [[Earldom]] at the age of fourteen on the death of his paternal grandfather in 1979. Known professionally as Rufus Albemarle, he is on the hereditary list of the [[Lord Great Chamberlain]] in succession of his father.

Keppel's early life was spent living with his parents successively in [[England]] and [[Italy]]. He was educated at St. Christopher School in [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Chelsea School of Art]] in [[London, England|London]] as well as [[Central St Martins School of Art & Design]].

== Marriage and child ==
The Earl of Albemarle married Sally Claire Tadayon, a sculptor of Danish and Persian ancestry, in 2001 in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. [[Tom Ford]] of [[Yves Saint-Laurent (brand)|Yves St Laurent]] designed the bride's gown and the wedding was featured in ''[[Town & Country]]''<ref name="gunlocke">Gunlocke, Gretchen: "Sally Albemarle," ''Town & Country'', March 2005.</ref> and [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]].<ref name="nymag">[http://nymag.com/nymetro/urban/home/design/features/5859/ Larocca, Amy: "Home Design 2002: Posh Spice," ''New York Magazine'', 8 April 2002]</ref>

The couple has one child, who is [[Heir Apparent|heir apparent]] to the earldom:
* Augustus Sergei Darius Keppel, Viscount Bury, born in 2003.

== Titles and styles ==
* ''The Honourable'' Rufus Arnold Alexis Keppel (1965 - 1979)
* ''The Right Honourable'' The Earl of Albemarle (since [[14 July]] [[1979]])

==Website==
[http://www.albemarleoflondon.com Albemarle of London]

== Footnotes ==
<references/>

== References ==
* [http://www.thepeerage.com/p1648.htm The Peerage website]
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{{s-inc|heir=Augustus Keppel, Viscount Bury}}
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{{Earls}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Albemarle, Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
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[[Category:Keppel family|Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle]]

George Bingham, 8. Earl of Lucan

2009-05-21T13:20:20Z

Demophon:

''This article is about the son of the disappeared Lord Lucan, but there is another Lord Bingham: [[Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill]].''

'''George Charles Bingham, Lord Bingham''' (born [[21 September]] [[1967]]), is the only son of [[Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan]] and his wife Veronica Mary Duncan. He has two sisters: Lady Frances Bingham (born 1964);<ref name="p">[http://www.thepeerage.com/p5246.htm#i52452 The Peerage] genealogy source</ref> and Lady Camilla Bloch (born 1970),<ref name="p"/> a [[barrister]] who married [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] Michael Bloch in 1998.

In articles from [[The BBC]] and the [[Evening Standard]] announcing the [[10 September]] [[1998]] arrest of Bingham on assault charges his occupation was given as [[merchant banker]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/172435.stm "Lord Lucan's son arrested." (16 September 1998) The BBC.] Retrieved on 17 January 2007.</ref> <ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_19980916/ai_n11870224 Freeman, Colin (16 September 1998) "Lucan son arrested for assault on girl." The (London) ''Evening Standard''.] Retrieved on 17 January 2007.</ref>

== Succession ==
In 1998, Lord Bingham applied to take his father's seat in the [[House of Lords]].<ref name="bbc">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/487211.stm "Lord Lucan 'officially dead'" (27 October 1999) The BBC.] Retrieved on 17 January 2007.</ref> This was not authorised by the [[Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg|Lord Chancellor]] because there was no definitive proof that the Earl was dead.<ref name="pa">[http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article291878.ece Kwatra, Anjali (27 October 1999) "Lucan family draw line under disappearance." Press Association via The (London) Independent] Retrieved on 17 January 2007.</ref> The following year the [[High Court of Justice|High Court]] ruled that the Earl was indeed dead, allowing his executors to finalise details relating to his estate.<ref name="bbc"/> <ref name="pa"/>

No [[death certificate]] has yet been granted, however. As a result, while Lord Bingham may be presumed to be the 8th [[Earl of Lucan]], it is still not officially recognised.{{Fact|date=March 2009}}

== Property ==
Following the presumed death of the 7th Earl, [[leasehold]]ers or [[tenants]] on the family's former estate at [[Castlebar]] in [[Ireland]] stopped paying [[ground rent]]s.

The family's connections with Castlebar span the course of 200 years,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/159503.stm (30 August 1998) "Playing cricket on Lord Lucan's pitch." The BBC.]</ref> and the [[George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan|3rd Earl]] owned 62,000 [[acres]] (250 km²) there. The [[Charles Bingham, 4th Earl of Lucan|4th Earl]] sold the family estate and handed over his [[cricket pitch]], now the town's mall, and other sites for churches and schools to the people of the town. However, the ground rents on most of the properties were retained by the family.

== Unfortunate legacy ==
Lord Bingham revealed in a [[Channel 4]] documentary that he does not believe his father was responsible for the death of the family's nanny, Sandra Rivett.<ref name="telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/11/07/nlucan07.xml Aldersen, Andrew & Richard Eden (7 November 2004) "Lord Lucan could still be alive..." The (London) ''Daily Telegraph''] Retrieved on 17 January 2007.</ref> <ref>[http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=611&id=641662005 McBeth, Jim (11 June 2005) "Lord Lucan inquiry reopened in DNA 'breakthrough'". The Scotsman.] Retrieved on 17 January 2007.</ref> This tragedy divided the Bingham family. Lady Lucan, who revealed in the same Channel 4 documentary as well as her official website,<ref>[http://www.ladylucan.co.uk Lady Lucan's website]</ref> that she believes the murderer is her husband, is estranged from her three children, including Lord Bingham.<ref name="telegraph"/>

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

{{British courtesy barons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bingham, George, Lord Bingham}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British bankers]]
[[Category:British courtesy barons and lords of Parliament]]

[[pl:George Bingham, lord Bingham]]

John Spencer, 8. Earl Spencer

2009-05-21T13:06:07Z

Demophon:

{{Refimprove|date=August 2008}}

{{Infobox Person
| name = The Earl Spencer
| birth_name = Edward John Spencer
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|1|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[London, England]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|3|29|1924|1|24|df=yes}}
| death_place = Humana Hospital, Wellington, London
| nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]]
| education = [[Eton College]] [[Royal Agricultural College]]
| title = 8th Earl Spencer
| predecessor = [[Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer|7th Earl Spencer]]
| successor = [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|9th Earl Spencer]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Frances Shand Kydd|Frances Burke Roche]] |1954|1969}} {{marriage|[[Raine de Chambrun|Raine, Countess of Dartmouth]] |1976|1992}}
| children = [[Lady Sarah McCorquodale|Elizabeth Sarah Lavinia Spencer]] (b.1955) [[Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes|Cynthia Jane Spencer]] (b.1957) John Spencer (1960) [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Diana Frances Spencer]] (1961-1997) [[Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Charles Edward Maurice Spencer]] (b.1964)
| parents = [[Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer|Albert Edward John Spencer]] (1892-1975) [[Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer|Lady Cynthia Elinor Beatrix Hamilton]] (1897-1972)
}}

'''Edward John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer''', [[Royal Victorian Order|MVO]] (24 January 1924–29 March 1992) was the son of [[Albert Edward John Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer]] and [[Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer|Lady Cynthia Elinor Beatrix Hamilton]], the daughter of [[James Albert Edward Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn]], and the father of [[Diana, Princess of Wales]].

==Education and military career==
Lord Spencer was educated in [[Eton College]], in the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Royal Military College]] at [[Sandhurst]], and in the [[Royal Agricultural College]]. A [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] in the [[Royal Scots Greys]], Lord Spencer fought in the [[Second World War]] from 1944 to 1945. From 1947 to 1950, Lord Spencer served as [[Aide-de-Camp]] to then-[[Governors of South Australia|Governor of South Australia]] [[Malcolm Barclay-Harvey]].<ref name="thePeerage">{{cite web |url= http://www.thepeerage.com/p10089.htm |title= Person Page 100
earl daniel spencer was his great great grand father
89: Edward John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer |author= Staff |format= html |work= thePeerage.com }}</ref>

==Politics and Royal service==
Lord Spencer held the offices of [[County Councillor]] for [[Northamptonshire]] (1952), [[High Sheriff of Northamptonshire]] (1959) and [[Justice of the Peace]] for [[Norfolk]] (1970).<ref name="thePeerage"/> He served as [[Equerry]] to [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] (1950-52) and to [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] (1952-54),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page155.asp |title= Diana, Princess of Wales biography |author= [[Royal Household]] of [[Buckingham Palace]] |format= html |work= Royal.gov.uk, the official website of the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British Monarchy]] |quote= Earl Spencer was Equerry to George VI from 1950 to 1952, and to The Queen from 1952 to 1954. }}</ref> and was invested as a Member of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (M.V.O.) in 1954.<ref name="thePeerage"/>

==First marriage==
On 1 June 1954 the Lord Spencer and the Hon. [[Frances Ruth Burke-Roche]], a daughter of [[Edmund Burke Roche, 4th Baron Fermoy]], were married in [[Westminster Abbey]] by [[Percy Herbert (bishop)|Percy Herbert]], [[Bishop of Norwich]]. They had five children:
* 1955: Elizabeth Sarah Lavinia Spencer ([[Lady Sarah McCorquodale]])
* 1957: Cynthia Jane Spencer ([[Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes]])
* 1960-1960: John Spencer, who died within 10 hours of his birth
* 1961-1997: Diana Frances Spencer ([[Diana, Princess of Wales]])
* 1964: [[Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer]]

The Spencers were divorced in April 1969. Lord Spencer later won a bitter custody battle for the children.

== Second marriage ==
In 1976, Lord Spencer married [[Raine de Chambrun|Raine, Countess of Dartmouth]], the former wife of [[Gerald Legge, 9th Earl of Dartmouth]]. She is the daughter of the romance novelist [[Barbara Cartland]].

==Death==
Lord Spencer died at Humana Hospital, Wellington, London, at the age of 68. He was succeeded by his son, [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer]], who is the younger brother of [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]

==Titles and styles==
*24 January 1924-9 June 1975- ''The'' Viscount Althorp
*9 June 1975-29 March 1992 ''The'' Rt Hon The Earl Spencer
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel-compact5
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|border=1
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|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer'''
|2= 2. [[Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer]]
|3= 3. [[Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer|Cynthia Hamilton]]
|4= 4. [[Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer]]
|5= 5. [[Margaret Spencer, Countess Spencer|Margaret Baring]]
|6= 6. [[James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn]]
|7= 7. [[Rosalind Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn|Rosalind Bingham]]
|8= 8. [[Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer]]
|9= 9. [[Adelaide Spencer, Countess Spencer|Adelaide Seymour]]
|10= 10. [[Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke]]
|11= 11. [[Louisa Baring, Baroness Revelstoke|Louisa Bulteel]]
|12= 12. [[James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn]]
|13= 13. [[Maria Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn|Maria Anna Curzon-Howe]]
|14= 14. [[Charles Bingham, 4th Earl of Lucan]]
|15= 15. [[Cecilia Bingham, Countess of Lucan|Cecilia Catherine Gordon-Lennox]]
|16= 16. [[George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer]]
|17= 17. [[Lavinia Spencer, Countess Spencer|Lavinia Bingham]]
|18= 18. [[Horace Seymour|Horace Beauchamp Seymour]]
|19= 19. Elizabeth Malet Palk
|20= 20. Henry Baring
|21= 21. Cecilia Anne Windham
|22= 22. John Crocker Bulteel
|23= 23. Elizabeth Grey
|24= 24. [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn]]
|25= 25. [[Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn|Louisa Russell]]
|26= 26. [[Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe]]
|27= 27. [[Anne Curzon-Howe, Countess Howe|Anne Gore]]
|28= 28. [[George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan]]
|29= 29. [[Anne Bingham, Countess of Lucan|Anne Brudenell]]
|30= 30. [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond]]
|31= 31. [[Caroline Gordon-Lennox, Duchess of Richmond|Caroline Paget]]
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{findagrave|3210}}

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{{Diana, Princess of Wales}}

{{Lifetime|1924|1992|Spencer, John Spencer, 8th Earl}}
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
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[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
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[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Agricultural College]]
[[Category:High Sheriffs of Northamptonshire]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Victorian Order]]

[[cy:John Spencer, 8fed Iarll Spencer]]
[[es:Juan Spencer]]
[[fr:Edward Spencer]]
[[it:Edward Spencer, VIII conte Spencer]]
[[no:Edward John Spencer, 8. jarl Spencer]]
[[pl:Edward Spencer, 8. hrabia Spencer]]
[[pt:John Spencer, 8.° Conde Spencer]]
[[sv:Edward John Spencer, 8:e earl Spencer]]