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2012-02-04T06:13:33Z

DeepTerminal: /* China */

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{main|Internet censorship}}

'''Censorship of Wikipedia''' has occurred by national authorities, most notably in [[China]], [[Iran]], [[Syria]], [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogcritics.org/scitech/article/pakistan-blocks-wikipedia/ |title=Pakistan Blocks Wikipedia – Blogcritics Sci/Tech |publisher=Blogcritics.org |date=3 April 2006 |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://karachi.metblogs.com/2006/03/31/wikipedia-blocked-in-pakistan-for-seven-hours/ |title=Wikipedia Blocked in Pakistan for seven hours |publisher=Karachi Metblogs |date= |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> [[Thailand]], [[Tunisia]], [[United Kingdom]] and [[Uzbekistan]].

==By country==
===China===
{{See also |Internet censorship in China}}

[[Chinese Wikipedia]] was launched on May 2001.<ref name="WSJ">{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/19/AR2006021901335.html|title=Reference Tool On Web Finds Fans, Censors|first=Philip|last=Pan|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|date=2006-02-20|accessdate=2011-12-23|location=Beijing}}</ref> Wikipedia received positive coverage in China's state press in early 2004, but it was blocked on June 3, 2004 on the 15th anniversary of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]. Proposals to practice [[self-censorship]] in a bid to restore the site were rejected by the Chinese Wikipedia community.<ref name="WSJ"/> However, a story in the [[International Herald Tribune]] comparing entries on Chinese Wikipedia and English Wikipedia on topics such as [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Taiwan]] concluded that the Chinese entries were "watered down and sanitized" of political controversy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-500486_162-2218394-500486.html|title=Is Wikipedia China Really Wikipedia?|first=Brian|last=Montopoli|date=2006-11-30|accessdate=2011-12-23|publisher=[[CBS News]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> On June 22, 2004, access to Wikipedia was restored without explanation.<ref name="WSJ"/> Wikipedia was blocked again for unknown reasons in September,<ref name="ifex">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/china/2005/10/21/authorities_block_access_to_online/|title=Alert: Authorities block access to online encyclopaedia|date=2005-10-21|accessdate=2011-10-23|publisher=[[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]]}}</ref> but only for four days.<ref name="WSJ"/> Wikipedia was blocked in China in October 2005. Wikipedia users Shi Zhao and Cui Wei wrote letters to technicians and authorities to try to convince them to unblock the website. Part of the letter read, "By blocking Wikipedia, we lose a chance to present China's voice to the world, allowing evil cults, Taiwan independence forces and others . . . to present a distorted image of China."<ref name="WSJ"/>

In October 2006, [[The New York Times]] reported that [[English Wikipedia]] was unblocked in China, although [[Chinese Wikipedia]] remained blocked. [[New media]] researcher [[Andrew Lih]] blogged that he could not read the English-language article on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/16/technology/16wikipedia.html|title=Chinese Government Relaxes Its Total Ban on Wikipedia|first=Noam|last=Cohen|date=2006-10-16|accessdate=2011-12-23|publisher=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Lih said that "there is no monolithically operating [[Great Firewall of China]]", noting that for users of various [[internet service providers]] in different locations in China–[[China Netcom]] in [[Beijing]], [[China Telecom]] in [[Shanghai]], and various providers in [[Anhui]]—Chinese Wikipedia was only blocked in Anhui.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.andrewlih.com/blog/2006/10/11/china-partially-unblocks-wikipedia/| title=China PARTIALLY unblocks Wikipedia| accessdate=2006-12-24| publisher=andrewlih.com blog}}</ref> Advocacy organization [[Reporters Without Borders]] praised Wikipedia's leaders for not [[self-censorship|self-censoring]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6154444.stm|title=China 'unblocks' Wikipedia site|date=2006-11-16|accessdate=2011-12-23|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>

On 16 November 2006, [[Reuters]] news agency reported the main page of Chinese Wikipedia could be displayed, except for some taboo political subjects, such as "June 4 [1989 protests]".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/11/16/wikipedia-unblocked-in-china-after-year-long-ban-1163687797.html| title=Wikipedia unblocked in China after year-long ban| accessdate=2006-12-24| publisher=Reuters}}</ref> However, subsequent reports suggested that both the Chinese and English versions had been reblocked the next day on 17 November.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.danwei.org/internet/the_nanny_changes_her_mind_wik.php| title=The Nanny changes her mind: Wikipedia blocked again| accessdate=2006-12-24| publisher=DANWEI}}</ref> On 15 June 2007, access to apolitical articles on English Wikipedia was restored.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworlduk.com/management/online/new-media/news/index.cfm?newsid=3540 |title=English Wikipedia unblocked in China |accessdate=2007-06-20}}</ref> On 6 September 2006, IDG News reported that English Wikipedia was blocked again.<ref>{{cite news | last = Schwankert| first = Steven | title = Wikipedia Blocked in China Again | publisher = IDG News via PCworld | date = 2007-09-06| url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,136879-c,sites/article.html| accessdate = 2008-01-26 }}</ref> On 2 April 2008, ''[[The Register]]'' reported that the blocks on English and Chinese Wikipedias was lifted.<ref>{{cite news | last = Barak | first = Sylvie | title = China uncensors Wikipedia | publisher = The Inquirer | date = 2008-04-03| url = http://www.theinquirer.net/gb/inquirer/news/2008/04/03/china-uncensors-wikipedia | accessdate = 2008-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title=Chinese net censors unblock BBC, Wikipedia
|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/07/31/chinese_unblock_bbc/
|publisher = The Register
|author=Cade Metz
|date = 2008-07-31
|accessdate = 2008-07-31}}</ref> This was confirmed by the [[BBC]], and came within the context of foreign journalists arriving in [[Beijing]] to report on the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] and the [[International Olympic Committee]]'s request for [[press freedom]] during the games.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7535280.stm "Beijing unblocks BBC Chinese site"], BBC, July 31, 2008</ref> In September 2008, [[Jimmy Wales]] had a meeting with [[Cai Mingzhao]], Vice Director of China's [[State Council Information Office]]. While no agreements were made, Wales believes that a channel of communication has been opened between Wikipedia's community and the PRC Government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rconversation.blogs.com/rconversation/2008/10/jimmy-wales-mee.html |title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales meets China's censors |publisher=Rconversation.blogs.com |date=2008-10-01 |accessdate=2011-06-13}}</ref>
Currently, both Chinese and English wikipedias are accessible in China except for political articles. If a Chinese IP tries to access (including searching) a "sensitive" article , the IP will be blocked from visiting Wikipedia for several minutes.

===Italy===
{{See also |Internet censorship in Italy}}

On October 4, 2011, following a decision adopted by the community, the contents of the [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian version of Wikipedia]] were hidden and the website was blocked by its administrators, as a protest against paragraph 29 of the "''[[DDL intercettazioni]]''" (Wiretapping Bill).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/stampati/pdf/16PDL0038530.pdf |title=Camera dei Deputati: disegno di legge N. 1415-B |language=Italian |date=June 11, 2010 |accessdate=October 4, 2011 |publisher=Camera dei Deputati}} ([http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=it&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2F_dati%2Fleg16%2Flavori%2Fstampati%2Fpdf%2F16PDL0038530.pdf English translation])</ref> The proposed bill would empower anyone who believes themselves to have been offended by the content of a web site to enforce publication of a reply, uneditable and uncommented, on the same web site, within 48 hours and without any prior evaluation of the claim by a judge or to face a €12,000 fine.

On October 4th, 5th, and 6th all pages on the Italian version of Wikipedia redirected to a statement opposing the proposed legislation.<ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/italy-wikipedia-wiretapping-2011-10 "Wikipedia Shuts Down Italian Site In Response To Berlusconi's New Wiretap Act"], Adam Taylor, ''Business Insider'', October 4, 2011</ref> The statement is available in [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011 Italian], [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011/en English], [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011/fr French], [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011/es Spanish], [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011/de German], [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011/he Hebrew], and [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Comunicato_4_ottobre_2011/hr Esperanto]. On October 7th the Italian Wikipedia pages were again available, but a notice about the proposed legislation was still displayed at the top of pages.

===Pakistan===
{{main|Internet censorship in Pakistan}}
English Wikipedia was blocked for several days in May 2010 in [[Pakistan]] during the controversy surrounding [[Everybody Draw Mohammed Day]].<ref name="basitali blocked">{{cite web
| url= http://www.basitali.com/2010/05/youtube-wikipedia-flickr-blocked-in-pakistan-after-facebook.html
| title= Youtube, Wikipedia, Flickr blocked in Pakistan after Facebook
| last= Ali
| first= Basit
| date= May 20, 2010
| accessdate =2011
}}</ref><ref name="Pakistan blocks 10130195">{{cite news
| url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10130195
| title= Pakistan blocks access to YouTube in internet crackdown
|publisher=BBC News
| date= May 20, 2010
| accessdate=2011}}</ref>

===Saudi Arabia===
{{main|Censorship in Saudi Arabia}}
On 11 July 2006 the Saudi government blocked access to Google and Wikipedia.<ref>http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=85616&d=19&m=7&y=2006</ref><ref>http://www.arabianews.org/english/article.cfm?qid=189&sid=2</ref>

===Syria===
Access to the [[Arabic Wikipedia]] was blocked in Syria between 30 April 2008 and 13 February 2009, although other language editions remained accessible.

===Thailand===
Wikipedia's article on Thailand's King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] has been blocked by most Thai ISPs since October 2008, due to [[lèse majesté]] concerns.

===Tunisia===
The [[Wikimedia]] website was blocked in Tunisia between 23 November and 27 November 2006.

===Pakistan===
According to local bloggers and the Internet community in Pakistan, access to Wikipedia was restricted for several hours in March 2006.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}

===United Kingdom===
{{see also|Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia}}

In December 2008, the [[Internet Watch Foundation]], a UK-based [[non-government organization]], added the Wikipedia article ''[[Virgin Killer]]'' to its internet [[blacklist]] due to the cover image and the illegality of [[child pornography]]; the image had been assessed as the lowest level of legal concern: "erotic posing with no sexual activity".<ref name="rating">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/dec/08/amazon-internet-censorship-iwf|title=Wikipedia row escalates as internet watchdog considers censoring Amazon US over Scorpions image|last=Arthur|first=Charles|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|date=December 8, 2008|accessdate=December 8, 2008}}</ref> As a result, people using many major UK [[ISP]]s were blocked from viewing the entire article by the [[Cleanfeed (content blocking system)|Cleanfeed]] system,<ref name="rating"/><ref>{{cite news |coauthors= |title=Wikipedia child image censored |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7770456.stm|publisher=BBC News |date=December 8, 2008 |accessdate=December 8, 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iLhtaFheXFcickVqO0crbKo1IiawD94U23N87 AP: Wikipedia article blocked in UK over child photo]</ref> and a large part of the UK was blocked from editing Wikipedia owing to the means of blocking in use. Following discussion, representations by the Wikimedia Foundation (who host the Wikipedia website),<ref>[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Censorship_of_WP_in_the_UK_Dec_2008 "Censorship in the United Kingdom disenfranchises tens of thousands of Wikipedia editors"], [[Wikimedia Foundation]] press release, December 7, 2008</ref> and public complaints,<ref>[http://news.zdnet.co.uk/leader/0,1000002982,39574104,00.htm ZDNet] cites "floods of angry users".</ref> the IWF reversed their decision three days later, and confirmed that in future they would not block copies of the image that were hosted overseas.<ref name="IWF">{{cite web|url=http://www.iwf.org.uk/media/news.archive-2008.251.htm|title=IWF statement regarding Wikipedia webpage|work=[[Internet Watch Foundation]]|accessdate=December 9, 2008}}</ref>

===Uzbekistan===
Access to the Uzbek Wikipedia was blocked in Uzbekistan on 10 January 2008;{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} the block was lifted 5 March 2008. This was reportedly the second time Wikipedia had been blocked in Uzbekistan; the first case was in 2007. As of January 2012, [[Uzbek Wikipedia]] is blocked in Uzbekistan.<ref> http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosh_Sahifa </ref>

==Effects==
On 10 November 2006, blogger Andrew Lih reported that Chinese Wikipedia appeared to have been fully unblocked.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.andrewlih.com/blog/2006/11/10/chinese-wikipedia-now-fully-unblocked/| title=Chinese Wikipedia now fully unblocked? | accessdate=2006-12-24| publisher=andrewlih.com blog}}</ref> Lih confirmed the full unblocking several days later and offered a partial analysis of the effects based on the rate of new account creation on Chinese Wikipedia. Prior to the unblocking, 300-400 new accounts were created on Chinese Wikipedia daily. In the four days since the unblocking, the rate of new registrations more than tripled to over 1,200 daily, jumping into the second fastest growing Wikipedia after the English version. Similarly, there were 75% more articles created in the week ending on November 13 than during the week before. Coming on the same weekend that Chinese Wikipedia passed the 100,000 article mark, Lih predicted that the second 100,000 would come quickly but that the existing body of Chinese Wikipedia users would have their hands full teaching the new users and teaching them basic Wikipedia policies and norms.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.andrewlih.com/blog/2006/11/13/chinese-wikipedias-surge-in-growth/| title=Chinese Wikipedia’s Surge in Growth | accessdate=2006-12-24| publisher=andrewlih.com blog}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{meta|Wikimedia projects blocks}}
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/19/AR2006021900851.html ''Full Text: Cui Objects to Wikipedia Shutdown''] (translated by The Washington Post Beijing Bureau)
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/18/AR2006021800672.html ''Full Text: Shi's Defense of Wikipedia''] (translated by The Washington Post Beijing Bureau)

{{Censorship and websites}}
{{Wikipediahistory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Censorship Of Wikipedia}}
[[Category:Internet censorship|Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Internet censorship by organisation|Wikipedia]]
[[Category:History of Wikipedia]]

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