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Jon Ryan

2013-11-15T17:48:12Z

ColorOfSuffering: Not to jinx it or anything, but this could be the most important edit in the history of Wikipedia.

{{Infobox NFL player
|currentteam=Seattle Seahawks
|currentnumber=9
|currentpositionplain=[[Punter (American football)|Punter]]
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|11|26|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Regina, Saskatchewan]]
|country=Canada
|heightft=6
|heightin=0
|weight=217
|debutyear=2004
|debutteam=Winnipeg Blue Bombers
|highschool=[[Sheldon-Williams Collegiate|Regina (SK) Sheldon-Williams Collegiate]]
|cis=[[Regina Cougars football|Regina]]
|cfldraftyear=2004
|cfldraftround=3
|cfldraftpick=24
|pastteams=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ({{CFL Year|2004}}–{{CFL Year|2005}})
* [[Green Bay Packers]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}–{{NFL Year|2007}})
* [[Seattle Seahawks]] ({{NFL Year|2008}}–present)
|highlights=
*CFL All-Star - 2005
|status=Active
|statweek=10
|statseason=2013
|statlabel1=Punts
|statvalue1=574
|statlabel2=Punting Yards
|statvalue2=26,379
|statlabel3=Punting Yard Average
|statvalue3=44.9
|statlabel4=Net Yard Average
|statvalue4=38.5
|statlabel5=Long
|statvalue5=77
|statlabel6=Inside 20 yard line
|statvalue6=193
|statlabel7=Touchbacks
|statvalue7=60
|nfl=RYA229481
}}
'''Jonathan Robert Ryan''' (born November 26, 1981) is a Canadian professional [[gridiron football]] player who is currently the [[punter (football)|punter]] for the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] for the [[University of Regina]] [[Regina Rams|Rams]], and began his professional career with the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL) after being selected in the [[Canadian College Draft]]. He was then signed by the Green Bay Packers of the NFL in 2006 and joined the Seahawks in 2008.

==Early years==
Ryan was born and raised in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]], [[Saskatchewan]]. He attended [[Sheldon-Williams Collegiate]] for high school, where he played as [[running back]], [[placekicker]] and [[punter (football)|punter]] on the school's football team. He then attended the [[University of Regina]], where he played both punter and [[wide receiver]] for the [[Regina Rams]] football team from 2000-2003.<ref name=nflcanada /> During his [[sophomore]] season with the Rams, he caught a 109 yard [[touchdown]] pass, and led the team in receiving, in addition to his kicking duties.<ref name=nflcanada /> After his fourth year with the Rams, Ryan picked up several team awards, including Best Special Teams Player, Top Scorer and Most Valuable Player.<ref name=ramsawards>{{cite web|title=2003 University of Regina Rams Awards|url=http://www.reginarams.com/awards/2003%20Award%20Winners.pdf|publisher=[[University of Regina Rams]]|accessdate=2010-07-05|format=pdf}}</ref> He was also named a first team Canada West All-Star, and a CIS All-Star.<ref name=ramsawards /> Ryan also ran [[track and field|track]] for the [[University of Regina]].<ref name=nflcanada>{{cite web|title=Jon Ryan|url=http://www.nflcanada.com/CanadianRoots/InTheNFL/2007/08/27/4450092.html|publisher=NFL Canada|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref> in track he did sprints.

==Professional career==

===Winnipeg Blue Bombers===
In 2004, the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL) selected Ryan as a punter and wide receiver in the third round of [[Canadian College Draft]], making him the 24th overall pick.<ref name=cfldraft>{{cite web|title=University of Regina Rams lead CIS with five selected in CFL draft|publisher=[[University of Regina Rams]]|url=http://www.reginarams.com/2009media/May4-09cfldraftNS.htm|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref> Ryan joined the Blue Bombers for the [[2004 CFL Season]]. During his rookie season, Ryan finished second in punting average to [[Noel Prefontaine]] of the [[Toronto Argonauts]].<ref name=2004stats>{{cite web|title=CFL.ca Statistics|url=http://www.cfl.ca/statistics/league/stat/Punting/year/2004/|publisher=[[Canadian Football League]]|accessdate=2010-07-05}}</ref>

During the 2005 season, Ryan lead the league with a 50.6 yard average, while punting the most out of all league punters, 118 times. NFL talk buzzed around Ryan's future, while midway through the year, there was also speculation that Ryan may take over the kicking duties as well from aging veteran [[Troy Westwood]]. It was also believed that Ryan was practicing field goals during the teams practices.

===Green Bay Packers===
In January 2006 he signed a contract with the [[National Football League]]'s [[Green Bay Packers]]. He is only the third [[Saskatchewan]] native to make it to the NFL, following [[Arnie Weinmeister]] and [[Rueben Mayes]].

During training camp in 2006 he found out his father, Bob, was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he persevered through a tough season, which included punting in a game two days after his father's death. His teammates voted him as the recipient of the [[Ed Block Courage Award]] in 2006 for his display of courage and sportsmanship, and for being an inspiration in the locker room.

On September 30, 2007 against the [[Minnesota Vikings]] he became the first Packers punter to rush for a first down since [[David Beverly (football player)|David Beverly]] did so against the [[Houston Oilers]] on December 14, 1980.<ref>Eric Goska ''[http://www.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071001/PKR07/710010547/1947 "Eric Goska column: Jones making history, too"]'', October 1, 2007. Accessed 1 October 2007.</ref> His rush attempt that resulted in a gain of 7 yards came on a fake punt that was originally intended to be a pass, however, he did not hear the coaches call it off at the last minute.<ref>Mike Vandermause ''[http://www.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071001/PKR0201/710010551/1058/PKRFeatures "Mike Vandermause's Rants & Raves"]'', October 1, 2007. Accessed 1 October 2007.</ref> He ran with the ball when he realized he had no one to throw to and ran into several of his blockers in the process because they did not know he was running with the ball.

On December 23, 2007 Ryan had two of his punts blocked by the [[Chicago Bears]], including one that was returned for a touchdown. He also had a nine yard punt during the game and bobbled a snap on another that lead to a turnover on downs. Before this, the Packers went 929 punts without a blocked punt, dating back to September 11, 1995.

On December 30, 2007 during a 34-13 victory over the Detroit Lions, Ryan kicked a 72-yard punt in the fourth quarter, the longest punt at Lambeau Field since Don Chandler's 90 yard punt in 1965.<ref>[http://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/punt_long_single_season.htm http://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/punt_long_single_season.htm]</ref><ref name="72punt">{{cite web | url = http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter?season=2007&week=REG17&game_id=29440| title = Green Bay rolls over Detroit | publisher = NFL.com| accessdate = 2007-12-30}}</ref> The punt tied for the second longest in franchise history - set by [[Sean Landeta]] September 20, 1998 at Cincinnati.<ref name="113yards">{{cite web | url =http://www.madison.com/wsj/home/sports//index.php?ntid=264725 | title = Ryan has gratifying afternoon | publisher = Wisconsin State Journal | accessdate = 2008-01-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

During the 2007 season, Ryan posted a net average of 37.6 yards, 12th in the NFL and the finest in Green Bay since 1969. His gross mark of 44.4 was the fourth-best in club history.<ref name="finest">{{cite web | url =http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=746570 | title = Camp helped DeBauche kick away woes | publisher = JS Online | accessdate = 2008-05-02 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080503202422/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=746570  |archivedate = 2008-05-03}}</ref>

Ryan was released by the Packers on September 1, 2008, a move that was considered by many Packer fans to be a mistake and bewildering as Ryan boasted the best punting statistics the team had seen in years.<ref>http://www.packers.com/news/releases/2008/09/01/1/</ref>

===Seattle Seahawks===
• 2008-2009 Following Week 1 of the 2008 regular season, Ryan signed with the [[Seattle Seahawks]] on September 9. In Week 8 against the [[San Francisco 49ers]], he kicked a 63 yd punt, a 60 yd punt and a 55 yd punt. He had a great 2008 season and finished with 78 punts averaging 45.6 yards. 
• 2009-2010 In his Week 6 game of the 2009-2010 NFL season, he threw a 42 yard pass against the [[Arizona Cardinals]] to garner a 119 QB rating for the season.
After the 2009/2010 Season Jon Ryan signed a six year $9.1 million contract with $1.9 million guaranteed and $1.6 million in signing bonus. He was also named a [[Pro Bowl]] alternate for his fantastic 2009 season. 
• 2010-2011 On October 17, in a game against the [[Chicago Bears]], Jon was hit by [[Earl Bennett]] while trying to make a tackle on [[Devin Hester]]'s 89 yard punt return for a touchdown. Jon's ribs were injured, but not fractured.

• Jon Ryan played in the final game of the 2010 regular season against the [[St. Louis Rams]] and landed a punt on the 2 yard line on the fly towards the end of the first quarter. Later, in the fourth quarter, he pinned the Rams inside of their own 10 yard line again, this time kicking it down to the 7 yard line. His efforts helped the [[Seattle Seahawks]] secure the final playoff spot remaining in the [[2010 NFL season]]. This marks the first time that a team with a losing record (7-9) has made the NFL playoffs as a Division Champion (NFC West).

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Jon-Ryan/2dac44f2-a372-4702-be7c-8eca8e7b6b64 Seattle Seahawks bio]
*[http://www.jonryan9.com Jon Ryan's Official Website]

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box | title=[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers|Winnipeg Blue Bombers punters]] | before=[[Troy Westwood]] | years=2004–2005| after=[[Troy Westwood]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Green Bay Packers|Green Bay Packers punters]] | before=[[B. J. Sander]] | years=2006–2007| after=[[Derrick Frost]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Seattle Seahawks|Seattle Seahawks punters]] | before=[[Ryan Plackemeier]] | years=2008–present| after=TBD}}
{{s-end}}

{{Seattle Seahawks roster navbox}}
{{CurrentNFLPunters}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Ryan, Jonathan Robert
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Ryan, Jon
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Professional football player
|DATE OF BIRTH=1981-11-26
|PLACE OF BIRTH=Regina, Saskatchewan
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryan, Jon}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Canadian football punters]]
[[Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players]]
[[Category:American football punters]]
[[Category:Canadian players of American football]]
[[Category:Green Bay Packers players]]
[[Category:Ed Block Courage Award recipients]]
[[Category:Seattle Seahawks players]]
[[Category:Regina Rams football players]]

Jim Zorn

2012-11-05T19:05:31Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Coaching tree */ The Kansas City Chiefs have a new coach!!! Tell all of your friends or the terrorists win.

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox NFL player
|image=Coach Jim Zorn.jpg
|caption=Jim Zorn during the 2009 preseason.
|currentteam=Kansas City Chiefs
|currentpositionplain=[[Quarterbacks Coach]]
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1953|05|10}} [[Whittier, California]]
|death_date=
|debutyear=1976
|debutteam=Seattle Seahawks
|finalyear=1987
|finalteam=Tampa Bay Buccaneers
|undraftedyear=1975
|college=[[California State Polytechnic University, Pomona|Cal Poly Pomona]]
|teams=
'''Playing career'''
* [[Seattle Seahawks]] ({{NFL Year|1976}}–{{NFL Year|1984}})
* [[Green Bay Packers]] ({{NFL Year|1985}})
* [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] ([[Canadian Football League|CFL]]) (1986)
* [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] ({{NFL Year|1987}})
''' College coaching career'''
* [[Boise State University|Boise State]] (1988–1991)
* [[Utah State University|Utah State]] (1992–1994)
* [[University of Minnesota|Minnesota]] (1995–1996)
'''Professional assistant coaching career'''
* Seattle Seahawks ({{NFL Year|1997}}–{{NFL Year|1998}})
* [[Detroit Lions]] ({{NFL Year|1999}}–{{NFL Year|2000}})
* Seattle Seahawks ({{NFL Year|2001}}–{{NFL Year|2007}})
* [[Baltimore Ravens]] ({{NFL Year|2010}})
* [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2011–present}
'''Professional head coaching career'''
* [[Washington Redskins]] ({{NFL Year|2008}}–{{NFL Year|2009}})
|statlabel1=[[Touchdown|TD]]-[[Interception (football)|INT]]
|statvalue1=111–141
|statlabel2=Yards
|statvalue2=21,115
|statlabel3=[[Passer rating|QB Rating]]
|statvalue3=67.3
|nfl=ZOR622935
|highlights=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[All-Pro]] selection (1978)
* [[Seattle Seahawks#Seahawks Ring of Honor|Seahawks Ring of Honor]]
}}
'''James Arthur "Jim" Zorn''' (born May 10, 1953) is an American [[quarterbacks coach]] in the [[National Football League]]. He was formerly the quarterbacks coach for the [[Baltimore Ravens]] and now holds that same position with the [[Kansas City Chiefs]]. Zorn was a left-handed [[quarterback]], and is best known as the youthful and charismatic leader of the (then-expansion) [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the NFL, for their first seven-and-a-half seasons. He was the [[quarterbacks coach]] for the [[Seattle Seahawks]] in the 2007 season. He was hired by the [[Washington Redskins]] to be their head coach starting with the 2008 season and remained head coach until being fired in the early morning of January 4, 2010, the day after the final game of his second season as coach. Shortly thereafter, Zorn was hired as quarterbacks coach of the Baltimore Ravens. Zorn was released as quarterbacks coach of the Ravens on January 27, 2011. Zorn was added to the Kansas City Chiefs coaching staff as their new quarterbacks coach on February 15, 2011.

==Early life==
Zorn graduated from [[Gahr High School]] in [[Cerritos, California]] in 1971, and played [[college football]] at [[California State Polytechnic University, Pomona|Cal Poly Pomona]] for the [[Cal Poly Pomona Broncos|Broncos]].

==Professional career (1976–87)==
Zorn was signed as an [[undrafted free agent]] by the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in [[1975 NFL season|1975]], the same year they had their famed [[Dirty Dozen (American football)|Dirty Dozen draft]]. He would make the team, but was later cut to make room for [[running back]] [[Preston Pearson]], who had been waived by the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]. The [[Seattle Seahawks]] took advantage and claimed him off waivers.
He would become a star starting QB for the Seahawks in their early days from 1976–83, before his position was taken by [[Dave Krieg]] and he was demoted to second-string quarterback midway through the 1983 season. He held second-string/backup quarterback positions with the Seahawks (1983–84), the Packers (1985), the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (1986), and the Buccaneers (1987), before retiring following the 1987 NFL season.

===Seattle Seahawks (1976–84)===
Zorn is closely associated with his favorite passing target, [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] [[wide receiver]] [[Steve Largent]]. Largent was the first Seahawk inducted into the team's "Ring of Honor" (1989), and Zorn was second (1991).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seahawks.com/team/ringofhonor.aspx| title=Seahawks Ring of Honor| accessdate=February 12, 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071222051414/http://www.seahawks.com/team/ringofhonor.aspx  |archivedate = December 22, 2007}}</ref> Zorn was named NFC Offensive Rookie of the Year by the [[National Football League Players Association]] following the team's inaugural 1976 season.<ref>[[Oakland Tribune]], November 3, 1977, page 46, Retrieved on 2008-02-20</ref> He was also the Seahawks' team [[Most Valuable Player|MVP]], throwing for 12 touchdowns and rushing for four touchdowns. His three consecutive 3,000-yard seasons were tops in team history, since broken by [[Matt Hasselbeck]] in 2005, and he was the first Seattle quarterback to record back-to-back 300-plus yard games—a feat he accomplished twice.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" />

He was succeeded by [[Dave Krieg]] midway through the [[1983 NFL season|1983]] season, the year the Seahawks first made the NFL playoffs. Zorn stayed with the team as a second-string quarterback until the end of the [[1984 NFL season|1984]] season.

Zorn was well known as one of the more prolific scrambling quarterbacks of his day. The excitement of his style of play is what kept fans coming back to the Kingdome again and again. Many people reverently referred to him as "the left-handed [[Fran Tarkenton]]."

===Green Bay Packers and Winnipeg Blue Bombers (1985–86)===
The [[Green Bay Packers]] signed Zorn to the second-string quarterback position in 1985. The Packers finished the season 8–8, 2nd in the NFC Central, but not enough to make the playoffs. The Packers released Zorn in the 1985–86 NFL off-season. Zorn decided to take a season off from the NFL and signed on to a backup quarterback position with the [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]'s [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]] in 1986, where he played one game before leaving the team and being released once again.

===Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Retirement (1987)===
In 1987, Zorn decided to come back to the NFL after only one season with the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]. He signed on with his third NFL team (fourth overall), the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He managed to play one final game with the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] as a replacement player during the 1987 NFL strike before officially retiring. The 1987 Bucs finished the season 4–11, missing the playoffs. In the NFL, Zorn threw for 21,115 yards and 111 touchdowns, completing 53% of his passes. He also ran for another 17 touchdowns.<ref>[http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/ZornJi00.htm Jim Zorn Statistics – Pro-Football-Reference.com]</ref>

==College coaching career (1988–96)==
After his playing career concluded, Zorn returned to [[college football]] as an assistant coach. His first stop was at [[Boise State University]], where he was the quarterbacks coach from 1988–91. He then served as the offensive coordinator for [[Utah State University|Utah State]] from 1992–94. From 1995–1996 Zorn coached the quarterbacks for the [[University of Minnesota]].

==Professional assistant coaching career (1997–2007; 2010–present)==
Zorn moved up to the pro coaching ranks in 1997. Zorn joined the [[Seattle Seahawks]] as quarterbacks coach after serving in the same capacity with the [[Detroit Lions]] (1998–2000). He was instrumental in the development of rookie quarterback [[Charlie Batch]] in 1998.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio">[http://www.redskins.com/gen/coaches/Jim_Zorn.jsp Washington Redskins bio]</ref> Batch’s 88.3 passer rating that season ranks as the fourth-highest rookie mark in NFL history. During his time in Seattle, Zorn worked with Seahawks Head Coach [[Mike Holmgren]] and Offensive Coordinator [[Gil Haskell]] in implementing the team’s offense while also furthering the development of the team’s quarterbacks.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" />
In 2003, Zorn tutored [[Matt Hasselbeck]] who set a franchise record with 3,841 passing yards in. Hasselbeck has become the franchise’s most-efficient passer (85.1 rating) while joining Zorn as the only Seahawks’ quarterback to pass for 3,000-plus yards in three consecutive seasons.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" /> In 2007 under Zorn, Hasselbeck set Seattle single-season marks for attempts (562), completions (352) and yards (3,966). He also threw for a career-high 28 touchdowns en route to his third [[Pro Bowl]] selection.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" /> On January 30, 2010 Zorn was hired by the [[Baltimore Ravens]] as their quarterbacks coach, to replace [[Hue Jackson]], who had departed to the [[Oakland Raiders]].

Under Zorn, quarterback [[Joe Flacco]] reached career high totals in touchdowns (25) and quarterback rating (93.6), as well as a career-low 10 interceptions.

On January 27, 2011, Zorn was fired by the Ravens.<ref name=bsun28Jan2011>{{cite web|last=Hensley|first=Jamison|title=Jim Zorn fired as Ravens QB coach|url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/blog/2011/01/source_jim_zorn_fired_as_ravens_qb_coach.html|work=BaltimoreSun.com|accessdate=January 28, 2011}}</ref>

On February 15, 2011 he was hired by the Kansas City Chiefs as their Quarterbacks coach.

==Professional head coaching (2008–2009)==
After Washington Redskins head coach [[Joe Gibbs]] retired in January 2008, owner [[Daniel Snyder]] hired Zorn as the team's new offensive coordinator. On February 10, 2008, Snyder made him the Redskins' new head coach.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/10/AR2008021002583.html| title=Washington Post on Jim Zorn| accessdate=February 12, 2008 | work=The Washington Post | first=Jason | last=Reid | date=February 11, 2008}}</ref> He was the fourth head coach hired by Snyder since he bought the team in 1999. Zorn earned his first professional coaching victory with a 29–24 win over the [[New Orleans Saints]] in week 2 of the 2008 NFL season. In week 4 of the 2008 season, Zorn became the first Redskins head coach to win his first game at [[Texas Stadium]] against the rival [[Dallas Cowboys]] since [[George Allen (coach)|George Allen]] during the 1971 season.

Zorn complemented the Redskins’ bruising running attack with his version of the [[West Coast Offense]], a combination that helped the Redskins finish eighth in the NFL in rushing yards per game (130.9).<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" /> After the first half of the regular season, in which the team finished 6–2, Redskin Nation got "Horny for Zorny." Zorn and the team proceeded to implode and finish 8–8, making the season a huge disappointment. However Zorn’s new offense produced four starters who earned Pro Bowl honors. Running back [[Clinton Portis]], finished fourth in the NFL in rushing yards (1,487).<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" /> Tight end [[Chris Cooley (American football)|Chris Cooley]] earned his second consecutive Pro Bowl appearance and led the team with a career-high 83 receptions for 849 yards. Offensive Tackle [[Chris Samuels]] earned his sixth Pro Bowl appearance—marking the third-most in franchise history, while fullback [[Mike Sellers]] earned his first Pro Bowl selection in his eighth NFL season.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" />

Six games into the 2009 season, with a record of two wins and four losses, the Washington Redskins relieved Zorn of offensive play calling duties, assigning them to assistant coach [[Sherman Lewis]] following the Redskins' loss to the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] on October 18.

In the early morning of January 4, 2010, it was reported that Zorn had been fired after the final game of the regular season, a loss to the [[San Diego Chargers]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Reid |first=Jason |date=January 4, 2009 |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/redskinsinsider/redskins-fire-zorn-after-2-sea.html |title=Redskins fire Zorn after 2 seasons |newspaper=Washington Post |accessdate=January 4, 2009 }}.</ref> He failed to make the [[playoffs]] in either of his seasons as head coach of the Redskins. He was replaced by former Broncos coach [[Mike Shanahan]].<ref>[http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2010/01/04/the-shanahan-watch-commences/ Mike Shanahan Watch]</ref> Jim Zorn has since given a series of interviews with the local Washington, DC networks in which he expressed disappointment in the circumstances, but support for Redskins owner Dan Snyder and the team.

==Head coaching record (2008–2009)==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="5"|Regular Season !! colspan="4"|Post Season
|-
!Won!!Lost!!Ties!!Win %!!Finish!! Won !! Lost !! Win % !! Result
|-
![[2008 Washington Redskins season|WAS]]||[[2008 NFL season|2008]]
||8||8||0||.500||4th in NFC East|| – || – || – || –
|-
![[2009 Washington Redskins season|WAS]]||[[2009 NFL season|2009]]
||4||12||0||.250||4th in NFC East|| – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|Total||12||20||0||.375|||| – || – || – || –
|-
|}

==Coaching tree==
NFL head coaches under whom Jim Zorn has served:

*[[Dennis Erickson]], [[Seattle Seahawks]] (1997–1998)
*[[Bobby Ross]], [[Detroit Lions]] (1999–2000)
*[[Mike Holmgren]], Seattle Seahawks (2001–2007)
*[[John Harbaugh]], [[Baltimore Ravens]] (2010)
*[[Todd Haley]], [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2011)
*[[Romeo Crennel]], Kansas City Chiefs (2012)

==Personal life==
Zorn and his wife, Joy, have four children: daughters Rachael, Sarah, and Danielle and son Isaac.<ref =merrill>Merrill, Elizabeth. "[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=4322356 Zorn doesn't play by conventional rules]." ''ESPN.com''. July 14, 2009.</ref> Jim and Joy Zorn are active in Medical Teams International and Pro Athletes Outreach. Medical Teams International is dedicated to implementing and supporting programs that address the causes and effects inadequate of health care worldwide.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" />

Zorn is noted for his interest in mountain biking, kayaking and other outdoor sports. He has continued to mountain bike even as he approaches the age of 60.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jul/13/not-resting-on-his-laurels/| title=On the Edge with Jim Zorn| accessdate=January 4, 2010}}</ref> When he was a player with the Seattle Seahawks, he experimented with building bikes for off-road riding with the help of the owner of Mercer Island Cyclery.<ref>[[Competitor Magazine]], Mid-Atlantic edition, Nov/Dec 2009, page 62</ref>

Zorn was inducted into the State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame during a pregame ceremony prior to Washington’s game at Seattle on November 23, 2008.<ref name="Washington Redskins bio" />

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/ZornJi00.htm Pro-Football-Reference.com] – career statistics – Jim Zorn
* [http://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/ZornJi0.htm Pro-Football-Reference.com] – career coaching statistics – Jim Zorn

{{Seattle Seahawks starting quarterback navbox}}
{{Green Bay Packers starting quarterback navbox}}
{{Tampa Bay Buccaneers starting quarterback navbox}}
{{Washington Redskins coach navbox}}
{{NFL quarterbacks coach navbox}}
{{Seattle Seahawks Ring of Honor}}
{{1976 Seattle Seahawks}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Zorn, Jim
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American football player and coach
| DATE OF BIRTH = May 10, 1953
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zorn, Jim}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Baltimore Ravens coaches]]
[[Category:Boise State Broncos football coaches]]
[[Category:California State Polytechnic University, Pomona alumni]]
[[Category:Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football players]]
[[Category:Canadian football quarterbacks]]
[[Category:Detroit Lions coaches]]
[[Category:Green Bay Packers players]]
[[Category:Minnesota Golden Gophers football coaches]]
[[Category:National Football League head coaches]]
[[Category:American football quarterbacks]]
[[Category:Seattle Seahawks coaches]]
[[Category:Seattle Seahawks players]]
[[Category:Tampa Bay Buccaneers players]]
[[Category:Utah State Aggies football coaches]]
[[Category:Washington Redskins head coaches]]
[[Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players]]
[[Category:People from Whittier, California]]
[[Category:Players of American football from California]]
[[Category:American Christians]]

[[es:Jim Zorn]]
[[it:Jim Zorn]]

Next to Normal

2009-05-10T20:13:31Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Productions */ wikilinked VT

{{Infobox Musical
|name= Next to Normal
|subtitle=
|image=
|caption=
|music=[[Tom Kitt (musician)|Tom Kitt]]
|lyrics=[[Brian Yorkey]]
|book=[[Brian Yorkey]]
|basis=
|productions= 2008 [[Off Broadway]] 2008 Virginia [[2009]] [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]

|awards= [[Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation|Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation Grant]]
}}
'''''Next to Normal''''' is a [[musical theatre|musical]] with book and lyrics by [[Brian Yorkey]] and music by [[Tom Kitt (musician)|Tom Kitt]]. Its story concerns a mother who struggles with worsening [[bipolar disorder]] and the effect that her illness has on her family. The play also addresses such issues as grieving a loss, [[suicide]], [[drug abuse]], ethics in modern psychiatry, and suburban life.

''Next to Normal'' received several workshop performances before it debuted [[off-Broadway]] in 2008, winning the Outer Critics' Circle Award for Outstanding Score and receiving nominations for [[Drama Desk Awards]] for Outstanding Actress ([[Alice Ripley]]) and Outstanding Score. It then played at the [[Arena Stage]] in [[Arlington, Virginia]] from November 2008 to January 2009 and opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in April 2009. The musical was nominated for 11 [[Tony Awards]], including [[Best Musical]] and [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]] for [[Alice Ripley]].

==Productions==
;Workshops and readings
The musical, originally called ''Feeling Electric'', was first seen in a 2002 reading at the Cutting Room in New York City, featuring [[Norbert Leo Butz]] as Dan and [[Sherie Rene Scott]] as Diana, with a subsequent staged reading in October 2002 at the Musical Mondays Theater Lab in New York.<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/72517.html "Feeling Electric, Butz and Larsen Sing Electro-Shock Therapy Musical Oct. 7",] playbill.com, October 4, 2002</ref>

In 2005 it was workshopped at [[Village Theatre]] (in [[Issaquah, Washington]]) featuring [[Amy Spanger]] as Diana, [[Mary Faber]] as Natalie and [[Deven May]] as Dr. Madden.<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/93639.html "Musical Workshop of ''Feeling Electric'', About a Frazzled Family, Stars a Bat Boy and a Lois Lane in Seattle",] playbill.com, June 21, 2005</ref> In September 2005 the Barrow Group Arts Center production ran at the [[New York Musical Theatre Festival]] featuring Spanger as Diana, Joe Cassidy as Dan, [[Annaleigh Ashford]] as Natalie and [[Anthony Rapp]] as Dr. Madden.<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/95066.html "Rapp & Spanger Help Spark Premiere of ''Feeling Electric'' Sept. 14-24 in NYMF",] playbill.com, September 14, 2005</ref> [[Second Stage Theatre]] workshopped the piece in both 2006 and 2007, featuring Cassidy and then Greg Edelman as Dan, [[Alice Ripley]] as Diana, [[Mary Faber]] and then [[Phoebe Strole]] as Natalie, Rapp as Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine and [[Skylar Astin]] as Henry.{{Fact|date=February 2009}}

;Off-Broadway and pre-Broadway productions
''Next to Normal'' was produced [[off-Broadway]] under its current name at [[Second Stage Theatre]] from January 16 through March 16, 2008, directed by [[Michael Greif]], with Anthony Rapp as assistant director and musical staging by Sergio Trujillo. The cast featured Ripley as Diana and [[Brian D'Arcy James]] as Dan. The surname of the family was changed from Brown to Goodman.<ref>Hernandez, Ernio. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/115932.html "New Musical ''Next to Normal'' Closes Off-Broadway March 16",] playbill.com, March 16, 2008</ref> Although the show received mixed reviews,<ref>Dziemianowicz, Joe. [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/arts/2008/02/14/2008-02-14_the_high__low_notes_of_a_bipolar_mom_in_.html "The high & low notes of a bipolar mom in ''Next to Normal''",] ''New York Daily News'', February 14, 2008</ref><ref>Brantley, Ben. [http://theater2.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/theater/reviews/14normal.html?scp=6&sq=Next%20to%20Normal%20off-broadway%20review&st=cse "There, Amid the Music, a Mind Is on the Edge",] ''The New York Times'', February 14, 2008</ref> it was criticized by at least one reviewer for pushing an irresponsible message about the treatment of bipolar disorder and for failing to strike the proper balance between pathos and comedy.<ref>Caggiano, Chris. [http://ccaggiano.typepad.com/everything_i_know_i_learn/2008/02/next-to-norma-1.html "Next to Normal: Shaky Show, Irresponsible Message",] Everything I Know I Learned from Musicals site, February 24, 2008</ref>

After revisions to the show, a pre-Broadway [[regional theatre]] production ran at the [[Arena Stage]] in [[Arlington, Virginia]], November 21, 2008 through January 18, 2009. Michael Greif returned as director. Ripley and most of the off-Broadway cast participated, but D'Arcy James remained in New York to play the title character in the musical ''[[Shrek (musical)| Shrek]]''.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122253.html "Chanler-Berat, Damiano, Hobson, Tveit Will Join Ripley and Spencer in Arena's ''Next to Normal''",] playbill.com, October 10, 2008</ref> The changes included removing "comic songs and glitzy production numbers" and substituting some songs that are complementary to the emotional content of the book; the production received rave reviews.<ref>Marks, Peter. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/11/AR2008121103978.html "Revised Musical Hits Home: Moving, Beautiful ''Next to Normal''",] ''Washington Post'', December 12, 2008</ref><ref>Blanchard, Jayne. [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/dec/15/next-to-terrific-at-arena/ "Next to Terrific at Arena",] ''Washington Times'', December 15, 2008</ref>

;Broadway production 2009
''Next to Normal'' began previews on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] at the [[Booth Theatre]] on March 27, and the show opened on April 15, 2009. The cast from the Arena Stage production returned as well as the director, Grief. The musical was originally booked for the 1,096-seat [[Longacre Theatre]], but, according to producer David Stone, "when the Booth Theatre became available... we knew it was the right space for ''Next to Normal''".<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/126376.html "''Next to Normal'', with Entire Arena Cast, to Play Broadway's Longacre",] playbill.com, February 17, 2009</ref><ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/126642.html "''Next to Normal'' Will Now Play the Booth Theatre",] playbill.com, February 24, 2009</ref>

Reviews were warmly favorable. ''The New York Times'' reviewer wrote that the Broadway production is "A brave, breathtaking musical. It is something much more than a feel-good musical: it is a feel-everything musical."<ref>Brantley, Ben. [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/theater/reviews/16norm.html?_r=2&ref=theater "Fragmented Psyches, Uncomfortable Emotions: Sing Out!",] ''The New York Times'', April 16, 2009</ref>
''[[Rolling Stone Magazine]]'' called it "The best new musical of the season – by a mile."<ref>[http://www.rollingstone.com/blogs/traverstake/2009/04/next-to-normal-proves-that-roc.php#more "The Travers Take: ''Next to Normal'' Proves that Rock is Thriving on Broadway",] rollingstone.com, April 16, 2009</ref> The show was nominated for eleven [[Tony Award]]s.

== Synopsis ==
{{plot|date=May 2009}}
;Act I
Suburban mother Diana Goodman waits up late for her curfew-challenged son, comforts her anxious and overachieving daughter, hurries off for some sex with her husband, then rises to help prepare her family for "Just Another Day." But when her lunchmaking takes a turn for the bizarre with sandwiches covering the table, chairs, and floor, the rest realize something is not right. As husband Dan helps the disoriented Diana, Natalie hurries off to school and the refuge of the piano practice room ("Everything Else"), where she's interrupted by Henry, a classmate who likes to listen to her play - and clearly likes her.

Over the ensuing weeks, Diana makes a series of visits to her doctor, while Dan waits in the car outside, questioning how to cope with his own depression ("Who's Crazy/My Psychopharmacologist and I"). It is revealed that Diana has suffered from [[bipolar disorder]] coupled with [[hallucinations]] for sixteen years; Doctor Fine begins to adjust her medications until he declares her stable. Natalie and Henry grow closer until one day he professes his love for her ("Perfect For You") and they kiss for the first time.
Diana witnesses this and realizes she's missed much of Natalie's growing up ("I Miss the Mountains"). With her son's encouragement, she flushes away her meds.

A few weeks later, Dan looks forward to dinner with his family ("It's Gonna Be Good"), but when Diana emerges with a cake singing "Happy Birthday" to her son, Dan and Natalie are devastated. Dan holds Diana and explains that "He's Not Here" - that their son has been dead for years.
Natalie storms off, and Dan mentions a return to the doctor, but Diana refuses - and as Dan tries to coax her into trusting him, their son joins them, trying in vain to get Dan's attention ("You Don't Know/I Am The One"). Up in her room, Natalie vents her anger to Henry, then refuses Diana's apology as her brother watches and taunts her ("Superboy and the Invisible Girl").

A few days later, Diana starts work with Doctor Madden. As her son rises to assert his presence ("I'm Alive"), Dan and Natalie doubt the sessions are helping, but Doctor Madden proposes hypnosis to help Diana discover the roots of her trauma ("Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me I'm Falling"). Finally, Diana agrees it's time to let her son go. Diana goes home to clean out her son's things, pausing to listen to a music box ("I Dreamed a Dance"). Gabe appears and dances with her, then invites her to come away with him ("There's a World"). She does.

At the hospital, where Diana lies sedated and restrained, with self-inflicted gashes to her wrists, Doctor Madden explains to Dan that [[electroconvulsive therapy|ECT]] is the standard course of treatment for drug-resistant patients who are imminently suicidal. Dan goes home to clean up after Diana and decide what to do ("I've Been").
The next day, Diana lashes out at Doctor Madden, refusing the treatment ("Didn't I See This Movie?"), but Dan arrives and convinces her it may be their last hope. ("A Light In The Dark").

;Act II
Over a period of two weeks, Diana receives a series of ECT treatments, while Natalie further explores clubs and drugs ("Wish I Were Here").
When Diana returns home from the hopsital, she and her shocked family realize Diana has lost sixteen years of memory ("Song of Forgetting"). Natalie escapes to school, where Henry confronts her ("Hey #1"), wondering why she's been avoiding him and inviting her to the spring formal dance.

Dan and Diana visit Doctor Madden, who assures them that some memory loss is normal ("Seconds and Years") and encourages Dan to use photos, mementoes, and the like to help Diana recover. Dan gathers the family to do so ("Better Than Before"), with minor success, but when Natalie pulls the music box from a pile of keepsakes, he whisks it away, leaving Diana puzzled.
Her son appears, unseen ("Aftershocks"), while Diana tells Dan there's something she's desperate to remember that's just beyond her reach. When Henry arrives looking for Natalie, Diana is given great pause, studying his face and asking his age. Unnerved, Henry hurries up to Natalie's bedroom, to convince her to join him at the dance the next night ("Hey #2").

Diana returns to Doctor Madden ("You Don't Know (Reprise)") who suggests she further explore her history and talk more with her husband. Diana goes home and searches through the boxes of keepsakes, finding the music box. Dan tries to stop her, but the memories of her baby son rush back ("How Could I Ever Forget?"). When Diana confesses remembering her son as a teenager, and demands to know his name, Dan insists they need to return for more treatment ("It's Gonna Be Good (Reprise)"). Henry arrives to pick up Natalie, who has dressed for the dance, just in time for both fo them to witness an agitated Dan grab the music box from Diana's hands and dash it to the floor.

Diana confronts Dan, wondering why he perseveres after how much trouble she's given, while upstairs, Natalie asks Henry much the same question ("Why Stay?"). Dan answers, echoed by Henry, both vowing to stay steadfast ("A Promise"), but just as both couples embrace, Gabe reappears ("I'm Alive (Reprise)"), sending Diana running to Doctor Madden, asking Natalie to drive her, leaving Dan and Henry behind.

Diana asks Madden what can be done if the medicine has missed the true problem. With her questioning comes the realization that it's not her brain that's hurting: it's her soul ("The Break"). Madden assures her relapse is common, and suggests more ECT ("Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me I'm Falling (Reprise)"). Diana refuses, and though Doctor Madden urges her to continue treatment for her disease, she thanks him and goes.
Natalie, waiting outside, is distressed to learn her mother has left treatment, and Diana explains herself ("Maybe (Next to Normal)"), opening up to her daughter for the first time. She urges Natalie on to the school dance, where Henry awaits to comfort and embrace her ("Hey #3/Perfect for You (Reprise)").

Diana finds Dan at home and tells him she's leaving him, explaining that he can't always be there to catch her; she needs to take a risk and deal with things on her own for once ("So Anyway"). She goes, leaving her son with him. As Dan wonders how she could have left him after he stood by her for so long, her son approaches, telling Dan he's not going anywhere ("I Am The One (Reprise)"). Dan grows more distraught until at last he faces the boy and calls him by his name for the first time: Gabriel.

Natalie comes home to find her father sitting alone in the dark, in tears. She comforts him and turns the lights on in the room, before assuring him that the two of them will figure things out. We see Henry arrive to study, and Natalie tells him Diana has gone to stay with her own parents. We see Diana, alone and still hurting, but hopeful. We see Dan, visiting Doctor Madden for any word on Diana, but staying to talk about his own struggle. And life goes on ("Light").

== Recordings ==
[[Ghostlight Records]] released a cast recording on April 7, 2009 (digital) and May 12 (2-set CD).<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/127646.html "''Next to Normal'' Cast Recording Will Arrive in Stores May 12; Digital Release in April",] playbill.com, March 24, 2009</ref>

== Musical numbers ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Act I
* Prelude
* Just Another Day – Diana, Natalie, Gabe, Dan
* Everything Else – Natalie
* Who's Crazy/My Psychopharmacologist and I – Dan, Doctor Fine, Diana, Ensemble
* Perfect for You – Henry, Natalie
* I Miss the Mountains – Diana
* It's Gonna Be Good – Dan, Natalie, Gabe, Henry, Ensemble
* He's Not Here – Dan
* You Don't Know – Diana
* I Am the One – Dan, Gabe, Diana
* Superboy and the Invisible Girl – Natalie, Diana, Gabe
* I'm Alive – Gabe
* Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me I'm Falling – Doctor Madden, Diana, Dan, Natalie, Gabe
* I Dreamed a Dance – Diana, Gabe
* There's a World – Gabe
* I've Been – Dan
* Didn't I See This Movie? – Diana
* A Light in the Dark – Dan, Diana
{{col-break}}
;Act II
* Wish I Were Here – Diana, Natalie
* Song of Forgetting – Dan, Diana, Natalie
* Hey #1 – Henry, Natalie
* Seconds and Years – Doctor Madden, Dan, Diana
* Better Than Before – Doctor Madden, Dan, Natalie, Diana
* Aftershocks – Gabe
* Hey #2 – Henry, Natalie
* You Don't Know (Reprise) – Diana, Doctor Madden
* How Could I Ever Forget? – Diana, Dan
* It's Gonna Be Good (Reprise) – Dan, Diana
* Why Stay?/A Promise – Diana, Natalie, Dan, Henry
* I'm Alive (Reprise) – Gabe
* The Break – Diana
* Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me I'm Falling (Reprise) – Doctor Madden, Diana, Gabe
* Maybe (Next to Normal) – Diana, Natalie
* Hey #3/Perfect for You (Reprise) – Henry, Natalie
* So Anyway – Diana
* I Am the One (Reprise) – Dan, Gabe
* Light – Diana, Dan, Natalie, Gabe, Henry, Doctor Madden
{{col-end}}

== Casts ==
Principal casts of major productions of ''Next to Normal''
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" border="1"
|+Casts of productions of ''Next to Normal''
! Productions !! Diana Goodman !! Dan Goodman !! Gabriel Goodman !! Natalie Goodman !! Henry !! Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine
|-
! 2009 Broadway
| [[Alice Ripley]] || [[J. Robert Spencer]] ||[[Aaron Tveit]] || Jennifer Damiano || Adam Chanler-Berat || Louis Hobson
|-
! 2008-09 Arena Stage
| [[Alice Ripley]] || J. Robert Spencer || Aaron Tveit || Jennifer Damiano || Adam Chanler-Berat || Louis Hobson
|-
! 2008 Second Stage Theatre
| [[Alice Ripley]] || [[Brian d'Arcy James]] ||[[Aaron Tveit]] || Jennifer Damiano || Adam Chanler-Berat || Asa Somers
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/29/theater/29norm.html?_r=2&sq=an%20out-of-town%20overhall&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=1&adxnnlx=1241208101-X7n4hSeJruy6aNQYP9iMJQ NY Times Feature: An Out-of-Town Overhaul Helps Next to Normal Find Focus]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/19/theater/19cohe.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=mental%20illness,%20the%20musical&st=cse NY Times Feature: On Broadway, 'Next to Normal' Aims for Truth About Mental Illness]
*[http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/arts/2009/04/16/2009-04-16_normal_is_way_beyond_ordinary.html Daily News Broadway review 2009]
*[http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20272677,00.html Entertainment Weekly Broadway review 2009]
*[http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5gG_o7eFLxXOOumwSvA6wZT9xl3Mw Associated Press Broadway review 2009]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/15/AR2009041503719.html?wprss=rss_print/style Washington Post Broadway Review 2009]
*[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Next%20to%20Normal Lortel Archives listing]
*[http://theater2.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/theater/reviews/14normal.html?ex=1361163600&en=a884dd85dd2878ff&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss NY Times off-Broadway review, February 2008]
*[http://www.theatermania.com/content/news.cfm/story/12823 TheatreMania review, February 2008]
*[http://www.allmusicals.com/n/nexttonormal.htm Links to the lyrics of the songs]
*[http://www.arenastage.org/season/08-09/next-to-normal/ Arena Stage listing]
*[http://www.villagetheatre.org/villageoriginals_feeling_electric.shtml Village Originals Official Website: Feeling Electric]
*[http://nexttonormal.org The Musical & the Mindset]
*[http://nexttonormal.com The official Broadway site]

[[Category:2002 musicals]]
[[Category:Off-Broadway musicals]]
[[Category:Original musicals]]
[[Category:Bipolar disorder in fiction]]

Next to Normal

2009-04-21T01:53:31Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Productions */ little syntax hiccup

Next to Normal

2009-04-16T05:19:02Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Productions */

Next to Normal

2009-04-16T05:18:39Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Productions */ Already happened.

Carlos Hathcock

2009-02-05T22:53:01Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Decorations */ Not ironic. Also, fixed link.

{{Refimprove|date=August 2007}}
{{Infobox Military Person
|name= Carlos Norman Hathcock II
|born= {{birth date|1942|5|20}}
|died= {{Death date and age|1999|2|23|1942|5|20}}
|placeofbirth= [[Little Rock, Arkansas]]
|placeofdeath= [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]]
|image= [[Image:Carlos Hathcock DM-SD-98-02324.JPG|200px]]
|caption= Carlos Hathcock in 1996
|nickname= Lông Trắng (White Feather)
|allegiance= [[United States|United States of America]]
|branch= [[United States Marine Corps]]
|serviceyears= 1959-1979
|rank= [[Gunnery Sergeant]]
|commands=
|unit=
|battles=[[Vietnam War]]
|awards= [[Silver Star]] [[Purple Heart]]
|laterwork=
}}

[[Gunnery Sergeant]] '''Carlos Norman Hathcock II''' ([[May 20]], [[1942]] – [[February 23]], [[1999]]) was a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[sniper]] with a service record of 93 confirmed kills. Hathcock's record and the extraordinary details of the missions he undertook made him a legend in the Marine Corps. His fame as a sniper and his dedication to long distance shooting led him to become a major developer of the United States Marine Corps Sniper training program. He has, in recent years, also had the honor of having a rifle named after him, a variant of the [[M21 Sniper Weapon System|M21]] dubbed the Springfield Armory [[XM25 Sniper Rifle|M25 White Feather]].<ref>[http://www.impactguns.com/store/706397035020.html Springfield M25 308 Tactical, White Feather Edition]</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
Carlos Norman Hathcock, II, was born in [[Geyer Springs, Arkansas]] on [[May 20]], [[1942]]. He grew up in rural Arkansas, living with his grandmother after his parents separated. He took to shooting and hunting at a young age, partly out of necessity to help feed his poor family. He would go into the woods with his dog and pretend to be an Army Ranger and hunt fake Nazis in his own little Germany. He would "hunt" at the young age with a rifle that his father had brought back from Europe during [[World War II]]. Hathcock dreamed of being a Marine throughout his childhood,<ref name=autogenerated1> Charles Henderson. ''Marine Sniper'', New York: Berkley Books, 1986. p.29. (ISBN 0-425-18165-0)</ref> and so on [[May 20]], [[1959]], at the age of 17, he enlisted in the Marine Corps.

Hathcock married Jo Winstead on [[November 20]], [[1962]]. Jo gave birth to a son, Carlos Norman Hathcock, III. Carlos Hathcock III would later enlist in the Marines;<ref name=chathcockIII1>{{cite web |title=Still Asset Details for DMSD9802324 |author=Office of the Secretary of Defense |year=1996 |accessdate=2009-01-01 |url=http://www.dodmedia.osd.mil/DVIC_View/Still_Details.cfm?SDAN=DMSD9802324&JPGPath=/Assets/Still/1998/Marines/DM-SD-98-02324.JPG |quote=Standing next to Gunnery Sgt. Hathcock is his son, Staff Sgt. Carlos Hathcock, Jr. }}</ref> he retired from the Marine Corps as a Gunnery Sergeant after following in his father's footsteps as a shooter, and is currently a member of the Board of Governors of the Marine Corps Distinguished Shooters Association<ref name=chathcockIII2>{{cite web |title=Marine Corps Distinguished Shooters Association Board of Governors |author=Marine Corps Distinguished Shooters Association |year=2008 |accessdate=2009-01-01 |url=http://marinedsa.com/BOG.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>.

===Marine Corps career===
{{Refimprovesect|date=March 2008}}

Before deploying to [[Vietnam]], Hathcock had won many shooting championships.<ref name="sgtgrit"/> In 1966 Hathcock started his deployment in Vietnam as an [[Military Police|MP]] and later became a sniper after Captain [[Edward J. Land Jr.]] pushed the Marines into raising snipers in every platoon. Land later recruited Marines who had set their own records in sharpshooting; he quickly found Hathcock, who had won the [[Wimbledon Cup]], the most prestigious prize for long-range shooting, at [[Camp Perry]] in 1965.<ref name="sgtgrit">{{cite web |title=Marine Corps Sniper Carlos N. Hathcock II |author=Sgt. Grit |year=2006 |accessdate=2008-03-24 |url=http://www.grunt.com/scuttlebutt/corps-stories/heroes/carloshathcock.asp}}</ref>

During the Vietnam War Hathcock was confirmed for killing 93 [[North Vietnamese Army]] and [[Viet-Cong]] personnel.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Harold |title=Marine Corps Sets Sights On More Precise Shooting |publisher=National Defense Magazine |month=March | year=2003 |url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2003/Mar/Marine_Corps_Sets.htm |accessdate=2007-03-30 |quote=Founded in 1977, [[Marine Corps Base Quantico|the school’s]] first staff NCOIC was the famed sniper, Gunnery Sgt. Carlos Hathcock II, who was credited with 93 confirmed kills in Vietnam.}}</ref><ref name="sgtgrit"/>(during the Vietnam War, kills had to be confirmed by an acting third party; this was feasible on a battlefield, but snipers usually worked in pairs (shooter and spotter) and often did not have an acting third party present, which made confirmation difficult). He is ranked fourth, behind U.S. Marine Corps snipers Eric R. England and [[Chuck Mawhinney]] and [[United States Army]] sniper [[Adelbert Waldron]] on the list of most confirmed kills for an American sniper.

The North Vietnamese Army even put a bounty of $30,000 on his life for killing so many of their men. Rewards put on U.S. snipers by the N.V.A. typically amounted to only $8.<ref>{{cite web |quote=During the Vietnam War, the North Vietnamese Army placed bounties from $8 to $2,000 on the heads of Marine snipers. Gunnery Sgt. Carlos Hathcock, with 93 confirmed kills, actually held the record bounty of $30,000 and killed every Vietnamese marksman who sought it. |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/sniper.htm |title=Sniper Rifles |publisher=[[GlobalSecurity]] |accessdate=2008-03-24}}</ref><ref name="sgtgrit"/> The Viet Cong and N.V.A. called Hathcock ''Lông Trắng'', translated as "White Feather," because of the white feather he kept in a band on his bush hat.<ref> Charles Henderson, ''Marine Sniper''</ref> After a platoon of trained Vietnamese snipers were sent to hunt down "White Feather," many Marines in the same area donned white feathers to deceive the enemy. These Marines were aware of the impact Hathcock's death would have, and took it upon themselves to make themselves targets in order to preserve the life of the true "White Feather."{{Fact|date=March 2008}}

One of Hathcock's most famous accomplishments was shooting an enemy sniper through his [[rifle scope|scope]], hitting him in the eye and killing him.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Hathcock and John Burke, his spotter, were stalking the enemy sniper in the jungle near [[Hill 55]], the [[firebase]] Hathcock was operating from. The sniper had already killed several Marines, and was believed to have been sent specifically to kill Hathcock. When Hathcock saw a flash of light (light reflecting off the enemy sniper's scope) in the bushes,<ref name=autogenerated1 /> he fired at it, shooting through the scope and killing the sniper.<ref name="sgtgrit"/> Surveying the situation, Hathcock concluded that the only feasible way he could have put the bullet straight down the enemy's scope and through his eye would have been if both snipers were zeroing in on each other at the same time, and Hathcock fired first, which gave him only a few seconds to act. Given the flight time of rounds at long ranges, both snipers could easily have killed one another. The enemy rifle was recovered and the incident is documented by a photograph.

Hathcock only once removed the white feather from his bush hat while deployed in Vietnam. During a volunteer mission on his first deployment, he crawled over a thousand meters of field to shoot a commanding NVA general. He wasn't informed of the details of the mission until he was en route to his insertion point aboard a helicopter. This effort took four days and three nights, without sleep, of constant inch-by-inch crawling. In Carlos's words, one enemy soldier (or "hamburger" as Carlos called them), "shortly after sunset", almost stepped on him as he lay camouflaged with grass and vegetation in a meadow.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> At one point he was nearly bitten by a [[Trimeresurus stejnegeri|bamboo viper]] but had the presence of mind to not move and give up his position.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sasser, Charles and Craig Roberts |title=One Shot, One Kill |location=New York |publisher=Pocket Books |year=1990 |pages=208 |isbn=0-671-68219-9}}</ref> As the general was stretching in the morning, Carlos fired a single shot which struck him in the chest and killed him. He had to crawl back instead of run when soldiers started searching.<ref name=autogenerated1/>

After the arduous mission of killing the general, Hathcock returned to the United States in 1967. However, he missed the Marine Corps and returned to Vietnam in 1969, where he took command of a platoon of snipers.

Hathcock generally used the standard sniper rifle: The [[Winchester Model 70]] .30-06 caliber rifle with the standard Unertl scope. On some occasions, however, he used a different weapon: the .50-caliber [[M2 Browning Machine Gun]], on which he mounted the Unertl scope, using a bracket of his own design.{{Verify source|date=March 2008}} This weapon was accurate to 2500 yards when fired one round at a time. At one point, he took careful aim at a courier carrying a load of assault rifles and ammunition on a bicycle. He had second thoughts when he saw a 12-year-old boy in his sights, but after considering the intended use of those weapons, he decided to disable the bicycle, hitting the bike frame. The boy tumbled over the handlebars, grabbed a gun, and immediately began firing back, so Hathcock returned fire, killing him. (Source ''Marine Sniper,'' Chapter 1.)

Hathcock's career as a sniper came to a sudden end outside [[Khe Sanh]] in 1969, when an [[amphibious vehicle|amphibious amtrack]] he was riding on struck an [[anti-tank mine]].<ref name="sgtgrit"/> Hathcock pulled seven Marines off the flame-engulfed vehicle before jumping to safety. He was told he would be recommended for the [[Silver Star]], but he stated that he had only done what anyone there would have if they were awake, so he rejected any commendation for his bravery. Nearly 30 years later, he was awarded the Silver Star, the third most prestigious award in U.S. military.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}

Hathcock said in a book written about his career as a sniper: "I like shooting, and I love hunting. But I never did enjoy killing anybody. It's my job. If I don't get those bastards, then they're gonna kill a lot of these kids we got dressed up like Marines. That's just the way I see it."<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.snipercentral.com/wpost.htm Washington Post Obituary February 27, 1999, quoted in SniperCentral]</ref>

===After the Vietnam War===
After returning to active duty, Hathcock helped establish a scout and sniper school at the Marine base in [[Marine Corps Base Quantico|Quantico, Virginia]]. Due to his extreme injuries suffered in Vietnam, he was in nearly constant pain, but he continued to dedicate himself to teaching snipers. In 1975, Hathcock's health began to deteriorate and he was diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]] — an incurable, degenerative nerve disorder. He stayed in the Corps but his health continued to decline and was forced to retire just 55 days short of the 20 years that would have made him eligible for full retirement pay. Being medically retired, he received 100% disability. He fell into a state of depression when he was forced out of the Marines because he felt as if the service kicked him out. During this depression his wife Jo almost left him, but she finally decided to stay. Hathcock eventually picked up the hobby of shark fishing with the locals, which helped him overcome his depression.<ref> Charles Henderson. ''Marine Sniper'', New York: Berkley Books, 1986. p.306. (ISBN 0-425-18165-0)</ref> Hathcock often paid visits to the sniper training facility at Quantico, where he was welcomed by students and instructors alike as being "bigger than life" due to his status in shooting circles.

Hathcock once said that he survived in his work because of an ability to "get in the bubble," to put himself into a state of "[[Flow (psychology)|utter, complete, absolute concentration]]," first with his equipment, then his environment, in which every breeze and every leaf meant something, and finally on his quarry.<ref name=”NRA” </ref>{{cite web
|last = Lantz
|first = Gary
|authorlink =
|coauthors =
|title = White Feather
|work = America's 1st Freedom
|publisher = National Rifle Association
|date =
|url = http://www.nrapublications.org/first%20freedom/Whitefeather.asp
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-17}}</ref>

After the war, a friend showed Hathcock a passage written by [[Ernest Hemingway]]: "Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man, and those who have hunted armed men long enough and like it, never really care for anything else thereafter." He copied Hemingway's words on a piece of paper. "He got that right," Hathcock said. "It was the hunt, not the killing."{{Fact|date=March 2007}}

After retirement, Hathcock began training Law Enforcement almost exclusively. Hathcock instructed the Virginia Beach Police Department’s SWAT snipers from 1984 until he passed away in February 1999. This training was done on a weekly basis at no charge to the city. Hathcock was the chief instructor of the Virginia Beach Police Department Annual Law Enforcement Sniper School, which was established in 1987 and continues to train SWAT officers from all over the country.

Hathcock died on [[February 23]], [[1999]], in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]], after a long struggle with [[multiple sclerosis]].<ref name="sgtgrit"/>

==Decorations==
* [[Image:Silver Star BAR.svg|60px]]  [[Silver Star]]
Hathcock was awarded a [[Silver Star]] in 1969 not for his sniping, but for saving the lives of seven fellow Marines after the [[Landing Vehicle Tracked|amphibious tractor]] (amtrac) on which they were riding struck a mine. Hathcock was knocked unconscious, but awoke in time to race back through the flames to reach his comrades.<ref name=autogenerated2/>

* [[Image:Purple Heart BAR.svg|60px]]  [[Purple Heart]]

==Legacy==
Hathcock remains a legend in the U.S. Marine Corps. The Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock Award is presented annually to the Marine who does the most to promote [[marksmanship]] training.<ref>[http://www.usmc.mil/maradmins/maradmin2000.nsf/0872a7ac9a4c08a6852569b9000bc3f1/1f2e49b79ed0cb3e8525713f005a346b?OpenDocument MARADMIN 148/06 - 2006 CAPITAL MARINE USMC AND USN ENLISTED AWARDS], United States Marine Corps, 3/28/2006.</ref> A sniper range is also named for Hathcock at [[Camp Lejeune]], [[North Carolina]].

In 1967 Hathcock set the record for the 20th century's longest combat kill with a [[M2 Browning machine gun|Browning M2]] [[.50 BMG]] machine gun mounting a telescopic sight. The distance was 2,286 meters or 1.42 miles. Hathcock was one of several individuals to utilize the Browning M2 machine gun in the sniping role. This success led to the adoption of the [[.50 BMG]] cartridge as a viable anti-personnel and anti-equipment sniper round. Sniper rifles have since been designed around, and chambered in this caliber.

The record was broken 35 years later, in 2002, during [[Operation Anaconda]] in [[Afghanistan]] by a [[Canada|Canadian]] three-man sniper team led by [[Master Corporal]] [[Graham Ragsdale]] from the [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]] (PPCLI). The record itself was set by Corporal [[Rob Furlong]] with a shot of 2,430 meters from a [[McMillan TAC-50]] Long-Range Sniper Weapon on a [[Taliban]] fighter.

On [[March 9]], [[2007]] the rifle and pistol complex at [[Marine Corps Air Station Miramar]] was officially renamed the '''Carlos Hathcock Range Complex'''.<ref name="USMC Hist">{{cite web |title=Range complex named after famous Vietnam sniper |work=Marine Corps News |publisher=United States Marine Corps |url=http://www.usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/main5/64C488909A38F5AA852572AD005CF25C?opendocument |accessdate=2008-03-24}}</ref>

Hathcock was the subject of four books:
* ''One Shot, One Kill'' by Charles W. Sasser and Craig Roberts tells the stories of several snipers, including Hathcock.
* ''White Feather: Carlos Hathcock, USMC Scout Sniper--an Authorized Biographical Memoir'' by Roy F. and Norman A. Chandler.
* ''Silent Warrior'' by Charles W. Henderson.
* ''Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills'' by Charles W. Henderson

===''MythBusters'' reenactment===
{{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2008}}

In an episode of the fourth season of the television show ''[[MythBusters]]'' ([[MythBusters (season 4)#Firearms Folklore|29 November 2006, Episode 67]]), hosts [[Adam Savage]] and [[Jamie Hyneman]] attempted to test the feasibility of shooting through the scope of another rifle, citing the confirmed Hathcock incident of shooting a North Vietnamese sniper through the sniper's scope. They were unable to replicate the results in the story using the modern equipment they had on hand, so they declared the myth "busted." However, they did not replicate the exact conditions of Hathcock's combat incident. The MythBusters did not take into consideration powder loads, bullet weight, muzzle velocity, angle, or variations in air pressure and density.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} On the show, they conceded that they were not shooting at the same scope that Hathcock shot at and stated that under the exactly ideal conditions and with extreme luck, the shot may have been possible. In the episode aired on [[March 21]], [[2007]], the MythBusters revisited this myth and confirmed that it was possible; however, they had to use armor-piercing rounds to fully penetrate the scope. They used a vintage scope this time, which was smaller than modern scopes, and Hyneman successfully fired a bullet through the scope. The bullet penetrated the ballistic gel dummy's face to a depth of two inches, which would be lethal to a human. However, it should be noted that on the [[March 21]], [[2007]] episode, Hyneman used an [[M1 Garand]] chambered in .30-06 Springfield, whereas Hathcock used a [[Winchester Model 70]] chambered in .30-06 Springfield. Additionally, Hyneman was only able to complete the shot successfully when he fired an [[armor-piercing round]], while Hathcock stated in interviews that he would normally use only standard [[full metal jacket bullet|military ball]] ammunition. Because of these caveats and the lack of solid evidence on this specific incident, the hosts of the television show declared that the retest showed the myth to only be "plausible" rather than "confirmed".

==In fictional works==
* There is a nod to Hathcock in the [[Steven Spielberg]] film, ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''. Steven Spielberg stated, "the idea of a sniper putting a bullet through another sniper's scope came from the true story of Carlos Hathcock, who killed a Vietcong sniper who was stalking him by putting a bullet through the sniper's scope". Similarly, Pvt. Jackson ([[Barry Pepper]]) shot a German sniper in the eye through the German's scope.
* James S. Thayer, a popular action/adventure novelist, wrote a novel titled White Star, about an Former Marine sniper named Owen Gray, nicknamed White Star by the Vietnamese, whose exploits closely match those of Hathcock. His nemesis in the book is a fictional son of the equivalent of [[Vasily Zaytsev]].
* There is a reference to Hathcock in the television show [[NCIS (TV series)|''NCIS'']] during the episode "One Shot One Kill", when a small white feather is found at the crime scenes of a sniper's victims.
* The protagonist of [[Stephen Hunter]]'s ''[[Bob Lee Swagger]] Trilogy'' (consisting of the novels ''[[Point of Impact]]'', ''[[Black Light (Novel)|Black Light]]'', and ''[[Time to Hunt]]'') is loosely based on Carlos Hathcock. The film ''[[Shooter (2007 film)|Shooter]]'' is based on Stephen Hunter's work.
* The movie ''[[Sniper (1993 film)|Sniper]]'' (1993)<ref>{{imdb title|title=Sniper|id=0108171}}</ref> features actor [[Tom Berenger]] shooting the enemy sniper through his own scope. This is probably based on Hathcock's story as well (Berenger's character was loosely based on Hathcock).
* The character of Vassili Zaitsev in the 2001 movie [[Enemy at the Gates|''Enemy at the Gates'']] comes across a dead sniper that has been shot in the head through the scope.
* In the episode 14 of the anime ''[[Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG|Ghost In The Shell: Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG]]'', Section 9 member [[Saito (Ghost in the Shell)|Saito]] is shot through the scope of his Seburo SR50 bolt-action sniper rifle during his freelancer days in the Central/South American campaign, a tactic by [[Motoko Kusanagi]] similar to that used by Hathcock.
* The movie ''[[RoboCop 2]]'' contains a segment where the camera is from the point of view of the sniper scope. The sniper is looking at RoboCop, who turns around and shoots the enemy, the bullet going through the sniper scope.
* In [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]]'s graphic novel, ''[[Sin City]]'', episode "[[To Hell and Back]]", protagonist Wallace shoots a sniper in the head, the bullet entering through the sniper's rifle scope.
* In [[John Ringo]]'s book, ''[[Unto the Breach]]'' (of the ''[[Paladin of Shadows]]'' series), it is stated about the sniper Lasko "He was going to beat Hathcock's record, probably within the next fifteen minutes. And that was the killer app{{Clarifyme|date=October 2008}} in the sniper world."
* In JAG, Season 1, Episode 16 (High Ground), Gunnery Sergeant Ray Crockett is obviously a clone of Hathcock. The Gunny is a Sniper Instructor at Quantico Virginia who believes that he is being "forced out of the service" short of his retirement. He also states that he "wrote most of the book" on Sniper Operations. The character, Rabb, refers to an incident where the Gunny pins down an NVA unit by killing their officer with the first shot. Lastly, Gunny Crockett is a winner of The Wimbledon Cup.

==See also==
{{portal|United States Marine Corps|USMC_logo.svg}}

* [[Jack Coughlin]], a retired Marine sniper with over 60 confirmed kills whose service includes Iraq and Somalia
* [[Simo Häyhä]], a Finnish [[World War II]] sniper holds the world record of 505 confirmed kills
* [[List of historically important U.S. Marines]]
* [[M40 sniper rifle]], the Marine Corps sniper rifle used by Hathcock
* [[Chuck Mawhinney]] holds the highest number of confirmed kills (103) for any [[United States Marine Corps|USMC]] sniper in history
* [[Billy Sing]], an Australian [[World War I]] sniper who had an unconfirmed 201 kills
* [[Adelbert Waldron]], who holds the record for the most confirmed kills in U.S. military history, with 109 kills in Vietnam

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Henderson, Charles W. ''Marine Sniper'', Stein and Day Publishers, 1986. (ISBN 0-425-10355-2)
* Henderson, Charles W. '' Silent Warrior'', Berkley, 2003. (ISBN 0-425-18864-7)
* Chandler, Roy F. ''Carlos Hathcock "Whitefeather"'', Iron Brigade Armory Publishing, 1997. (ISBN 1-885633-09-2)

==External links==
* [http://www.grunt.com/scuttlebutt/corps-stories/heroes/carloshathcock.asp Marine Corps Sniper Carlos N. Hathcock], ''Marine Corps Heroes''.
* [http://usmcscoutsniper.org/sniperpages/Carlos.html Carlos Hathcock], Sniper Central.
* [http://www.amazon.com/Marine-Sniper-93-Confirmed-Kills/dp/0425103552 Marine Sniper 93 Confirmed Kills]
* [http://www.gunshopfinder.com/springfield/SA9502.asp Photos and specifications for the Carlos Hathcock "White Feather" Rifle]

{{US Marine Corps navbox}}
{{VietnamSniper}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box|before=|after=[[Rob Furlong]]|title=Longest confirmed combat sniper-shot kill|years= 1967-2002 1.42 mi (2,286 m) [[M2 Browning machine gun|Browning M2]] w/ [[.50 BMG]] }}
{{end box}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Carlos Hathcock
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[United States Marine Corps]] [[Sniper]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[May 20]], [[1942]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Little Rock, Arkansas]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[February 23]], [[1999]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Virginia Beach, Virginia]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hathcock, Carlos}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:Guerrilla warfare]]
[[Category:Military snipers]]
[[Category:People from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Purple Heart medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star medal]]
[[Category:Sniper warfare]]
[[Category:United States Marines]]

[[cs:Carlos N. Hathcock]]
[[it:Carlos Hathcock]]
[[ja:カルロス・ハスコック]]
[[ru:Хэскок, Карлос Норман]]
[[simple:Carlos Hathcock]]
[[sl:Carlos Norman Hathcock]]
[[zh:卡羅斯·海斯卡克]]

Hillsfar

2009-01-25T00:36:22Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Critical reception */

{{Infobox VG| title = Hillsfar
| image = [[Image:NES - Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Hillsfar.jpg|Hillsfar NES box front]]
| developer = [[Westwood Studios]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64) Marionette (Famicom,NES)
| publisher = [[Strategic Simulations, Inc]] (MS-DOS, Atari ST, Commodore 64) [[U.S. Gold|U.S. Gold Ltd.]] (Amiga) [[Pony Canyon]] (Famicom) [[Fujisankei Communications International|FCI]] (NES)
| designer =
| engine =
| released = [[November 4]], [[1993]] (NES Version), [[1989]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST & Commodore 64)
| genre = [[role-playing game]]
| modes = [[single player]]
| ratings =
| platforms = [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]]
| media = [[cartridge (electronics)|cartridge]] (NES), [[Floppy disks]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64)
| requirements =
| input =
}}

'''''Hillsfar''''' is a [[computer role playing game]] which was released for [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]] & [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] featuring some real-time parts and randomly generated quests. It also features standard elements of ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' gameplay.

==Gameplay==

Players start their game by creating a character. The game provides three choices: players may select a premade character, create their own,<ref name="Orr1989">{{cite news | last = Orr | first = Lucinda | title = The bitterest hill is hard to take | date = December 1, 1989 | work = [[Amiga Computing]] | pages = 42–43 }}</ref> or import characters from previous SSI Dungeons & Dragons computer games, such as ''[[Pool of Radiance]]'' and ''[[Curse of the Azure Bonds]]''.<ref name="Lynch1989">{{cite news | last = Lynch | first = Dennis | date = June 2, 1989 | title = CES Gems Not Here Yet, But These Titles Will Tide You Over | work = [[Chicago Tribune]] | page = 58 }}</ref> When creating a character, players may determine the character's [[Fantasy race|race]] (dwarf, elf, human or gnome), [[character class]], (cleric, fighter, magic-user or thief), and [[Alignment (role-playing games)|alignment]]. Various characteristics of the new character, (such as strength and intelligence), are assigned a random value by the computer.<ref name="Guerra1998">{{cite news | last = Guerra | first = Bob | title = Hillsfar | date = September 1, 1998 | work = [[COMPUTE!]] | pages = 67 }}</ref>

The game takes place in the fictional town of Hillsfar. There are two aspects to the game – [[action game|arcade]] action, where the player performs tasks (expressed as [[Minigame|mini-game]]s) such as searching for treasure and travelling between locations, and [[adventure game|adventure]], where the player completes quests.<ref name="Smith1998">{{cite news | last = Smith | first = Andy | title = Hillsfar | date = December 1, 1989 | work = [[Amiga Format]] | page = 41 }}</ref> The choice of character class affects the quests which are to be completed by the player, with three quests available to each of the character classes. However, while the quests need to be completed in a set order, "what you do in your time off is up to you", and thus the player is free to explore other aspects of the game.<ref name="Orr1989" />

The game is presented in two primary modes. When travelling the scene is presented useing a side-on view, while once in the town of Hillsfar the game converts to a "[[bird's-eye view]]" of the map, and a [[First person (video games)|first-person perspective]] is employed within the caves. Interaction is handed though what Leslie Fiser described as a "bump interface", which allows the player to trigger interaction with objects by "bumping" into them.<ref name="Fiser1990">{{cite news | last = Fiser | first = Leslie | title = Games Kids Love to Read | date = November 1990 | work = [[COMPUTE!]] | issue = 8 | volume = 12 | pages = 80 }}</ref>

==Critical reception==

Reviews of the game tended to be mixed. On the positive side, the combination of styles (arcade action and adventure), was generally well received. Andy Smith of [[Amiga Format]], in giving the game a rating of 72%, stated that SSI succeeded in producing "a good game that is a distinct mix of two very different styles",<ref name="Smith1998" /> while Bob Guerra of [[COMPUTE!]] magazine praised the arcade-style sequences, writing that Hillsfar "does a much better job of integrating these high-quality sequences into the story than many others do".<ref name="Guerra1998" />

However, other reviewers were less impressed with the overall effect. Both Andy Slaven, in the ''Video Game Bible, 1985-2002'', and Lucinda Orr of [[Amiga Computing]], criticised the overall gameplay. Slaven found that the game lacked direction, describing it as a "collection of pointless tasks and challenges".<ref name="Slaven2002p107">{{cite book | last = Slaven | first = Andy | year = 2002 | title = Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 | publisher = Trafford Publishing | isbn = 1553697316 | page = 107 }}</ref> Orr echoed this view, and while she was impressed with some of the mini–games (describing them as "quite entertaining and graphically effective"), she found the game generally boring, writing that "there is not too much to keep the interest above critical boredom level".<ref name="Orr1989" /> An even stronger opinion was expressed by the website [[Console Classix]], which reviewed the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] version of Hillsfar, where reviewer John Cooper declared that Hillsfar was the "Worst [[Role-Playing Game]] Ever Made." As of January 2008, the average player rating on the website was 2 out of 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consoleclassix.com/nes/add_hillsfar.html |title=AD&D Hillsfar |accessdate=2008-11-30 |last=Cooper |first=John |work=[[Console Classix]] }}</ref>

<gallery>
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Horseriding.png|Horseriding gameplay
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Lockpicking.png|The player sometimes must pick locks to open chests containing treasure
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Cave.png|Exploring caves from a first-person perspective
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Overworld.png|Exploring towns and villages
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{moby game|id=/hillsfar|name=''Hillsfar''}}
*[http://hol.abime.net/712 ''Hillsfar'' on the Amiga] at the [http://hol.abime.net Hall of Light (HOL)]

[[Category:1993 video games]]
[[Category:1989 video games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Entertainment System games]]
[[Category:DOS games]]
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Atari ST games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Dungeons & Dragons video games]]
[[Category:Platform games]]
[[Category:Forgotten Realms video games]]
[[Category:Westwood Studios games]]

Hillsfar

2009-01-25T00:35:48Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Critical reception */

{{Infobox VG| title = Hillsfar
| image = [[Image:NES - Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Hillsfar.jpg|Hillsfar NES box front]]
| developer = [[Westwood Studios]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64) Marionette (Famicom,NES)
| publisher = [[Strategic Simulations, Inc]] (MS-DOS, Atari ST, Commodore 64) [[U.S. Gold|U.S. Gold Ltd.]] (Amiga) [[Pony Canyon]] (Famicom) [[Fujisankei Communications International|FCI]] (NES)
| designer =
| engine =
| released = [[November 4]], [[1993]] (NES Version), [[1989]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST & Commodore 64)
| genre = [[role-playing game]]
| modes = [[single player]]
| ratings =
| platforms = [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]]
| media = [[cartridge (electronics)|cartridge]] (NES), [[Floppy disks]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64)
| requirements =
| input =
}}

'''''Hillsfar''''' is a [[computer role playing game]] which was released for [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]] & [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] featuring some real-time parts and randomly generated quests. It also features standard elements of ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' gameplay.

==Gameplay==

Players start their game by creating a character. The game provides three choices: players may select a premade character, create their own,<ref name="Orr1989">{{cite news | last = Orr | first = Lucinda | title = The bitterest hill is hard to take | date = December 1, 1989 | work = [[Amiga Computing]] | pages = 42–43 }}</ref> or import characters from previous SSI Dungeons & Dragons computer games, such as ''[[Pool of Radiance]]'' and ''[[Curse of the Azure Bonds]]''.<ref name="Lynch1989">{{cite news | last = Lynch | first = Dennis | date = June 2, 1989 | title = CES Gems Not Here Yet, But These Titles Will Tide You Over | work = [[Chicago Tribune]] | page = 58 }}</ref> When creating a character, players may determine the character's [[Fantasy race|race]] (dwarf, elf, human or gnome), [[character class]], (cleric, fighter, magic-user or thief), and [[Alignment (role-playing games)|alignment]]. Various characteristics of the new character, (such as strength and intelligence), are assigned a random value by the computer.<ref name="Guerra1998">{{cite news | last = Guerra | first = Bob | title = Hillsfar | date = September 1, 1998 | work = [[COMPUTE!]] | pages = 67 }}</ref>

The game takes place in the fictional town of Hillsfar. There are two aspects to the game – [[action game|arcade]] action, where the player performs tasks (expressed as [[Minigame|mini-game]]s) such as searching for treasure and travelling between locations, and [[adventure game|adventure]], where the player completes quests.<ref name="Smith1998">{{cite news | last = Smith | first = Andy | title = Hillsfar | date = December 1, 1989 | work = [[Amiga Format]] | page = 41 }}</ref> The choice of character class affects the quests which are to be completed by the player, with three quests available to each of the character classes. However, while the quests need to be completed in a set order, "what you do in your time off is up to you", and thus the player is free to explore other aspects of the game.<ref name="Orr1989" />

The game is presented in two primary modes. When travelling the scene is presented useing a side-on view, while once in the town of Hillsfar the game converts to a "[[bird's-eye view]]" of the map, and a [[First person (video games)|first-person perspective]] is employed within the caves. Interaction is handed though what Leslie Fiser described as a "bump interface", which allows the player to trigger interaction with objects by "bumping" into them.<ref name="Fiser1990">{{cite news | last = Fiser | first = Leslie | title = Games Kids Love to Read | date = November 1990 | work = [[COMPUTE!]] | issue = 8 | volume = 12 | pages = 80 }}</ref>

==Critical reception==

Reviews of the game tended to be mixed. On the positive side, the combination of styles (arcade action and adventure), was generally well received. Andy Smith of [[Amiga Format]], in giving the game a rating of 72%, stated that SSI succeeded in producing "a good game that is a distinct mix of two very different styles",<ref name="Smith1998" /> while Bob Guerra of [[COMPUTE!]] magazine praised the arcade-style sequences, writing that Hillsfar "does a much better job of integrating these high-quality sequences into the story than many others do".<ref name="Guerra1998" />

However, other reviewers were less impressed with the overall effect. Both Andy Slaven, in the ''Video Game Bible, 1985-2002'', and Lucinda Orr of [[Amiga Computing]], criticised the overall gameplay. Slaven found that the game lacked direction, describing it as a "collection of pointless tasks and challenges".<ref name="Slaven2002p107">{{cite book | last = Slaven | first = Andy | year = 2002 | title = Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 | publisher = Trafford Publishing | isbn = 1553697316 | page = 107 }}</ref> Orr echoed this view, and while she was impressed with some of the mini–games (describing them as "quite entertaining and graphically effective"), she found the game generally boring, writing that "there is not too much to keep the interest above critical boredom level".<ref name="Orr1989" /> An even stronger opinion was expressed by the website [[Console Classix]], which reviewed the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] version of Hillsfar, where reviewer John Cooper declared that Hillsfar was the "Worst [[Role-Playing Game]] Ever Made", and the average player rating on the website was 2 out of 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consoleclassix.com/nes/add_hillsfar.html |title=AD&D Hillsfar |accessdate=2008-11-30 |last=Cooper |first=John |work=[[Console Classix]] }}</ref>

<gallery>
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Horseriding.png|Horseriding gameplay
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Lockpicking.png|The player sometimes must pick locks to open chests containing treasure
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Cave.png|Exploring caves from a first-person perspective
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Overworld.png|Exploring towns and villages
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{moby game|id=/hillsfar|name=''Hillsfar''}}
*[http://hol.abime.net/712 ''Hillsfar'' on the Amiga] at the [http://hol.abime.net Hall of Light (HOL)]

[[Category:1993 video games]]
[[Category:1989 video games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Entertainment System games]]
[[Category:DOS games]]
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Atari ST games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Dungeons & Dragons video games]]
[[Category:Platform games]]
[[Category:Forgotten Realms video games]]
[[Category:Westwood Studios games]]

Hillsfar

2009-01-25T00:35:14Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Critical reception */ Whoops.

{{Infobox VG| title = Hillsfar
| image = [[Image:NES - Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Hillsfar.jpg|Hillsfar NES box front]]
| developer = [[Westwood Studios]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64) Marionette (Famicom,NES)
| publisher = [[Strategic Simulations, Inc]] (MS-DOS, Atari ST, Commodore 64) [[U.S. Gold|U.S. Gold Ltd.]] (Amiga) [[Pony Canyon]] (Famicom) [[Fujisankei Communications International|FCI]] (NES)
| designer =
| engine =
| released = [[November 4]], [[1993]] (NES Version), [[1989]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST & Commodore 64)
| genre = [[role-playing game]]
| modes = [[single player]]
| ratings =
| platforms = [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]]
| media = [[cartridge (electronics)|cartridge]] (NES), [[Floppy disks]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64)
| requirements =
| input =
}}

'''''Hillsfar''''' is a [[computer role playing game]] which was released for [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]] & [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] featuring some real-time parts and randomly generated quests. It also features standard elements of ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' gameplay.

==Gameplay==

Players start their game by creating a character. The game provides three choices: players may select a premade character, create their own,<ref name="Orr1989">{{cite news | last = Orr | first = Lucinda | title = The bitterest hill is hard to take | date = December 1, 1989 | work = [[Amiga Computing]] | pages = 42–43 }}</ref> or import characters from previous SSI Dungeons & Dragons computer games, such as ''[[Pool of Radiance]]'' and ''[[Curse of the Azure Bonds]]''.<ref name="Lynch1989">{{cite news | last = Lynch | first = Dennis | date = June 2, 1989 | title = CES Gems Not Here Yet, But These Titles Will Tide You Over | work = [[Chicago Tribune]] | page = 58 }}</ref> When creating a character, players may determine the character's [[Fantasy race|race]] (dwarf, elf, human or gnome), [[character class]], (cleric, fighter, magic-user or thief), and [[Alignment (role-playing games)|alignment]]. Various characteristics of the new character, (such as strength and intelligence), are assigned a random value by the computer.<ref name="Guerra1998">{{cite news | last = Guerra | first = Bob | title = Hillsfar | date = September 1, 1998 | work = [[COMPUTE!]] | pages = 67 }}</ref>

The game takes place in the fictional town of Hillsfar. There are two aspects to the game – [[action game|arcade]] action, where the player performs tasks (expressed as [[Minigame|mini-game]]s) such as searching for treasure and travelling between locations, and [[adventure game|adventure]], where the player completes quests.<ref name="Smith1998">{{cite news | last = Smith | first = Andy | title = Hillsfar | date = December 1, 1989 | work = [[Amiga Format]] | page = 41 }}</ref> The choice of character class affects the quests which are to be completed by the player, with three quests available to each of the character classes. However, while the quests need to be completed in a set order, "what you do in your time off is up to you", and thus the player is free to explore other aspects of the game.<ref name="Orr1989" />

The game is presented in two primary modes. When travelling the scene is presented useing a side-on view, while once in the town of Hillsfar the game converts to a "[[bird's-eye view]]" of the map, and a [[First person (video games)|first-person perspective]] is employed within the caves. Interaction is handed though what Leslie Fiser described as a "bump interface", which allows the player to trigger interaction with objects by "bumping" into them.<ref name="Fiser1990">{{cite news | last = Fiser | first = Leslie | title = Games Kids Love to Read | date = November 1990 | work = [[COMPUTE!]] | issue = 8 | volume = 12 | pages = 80 }}</ref>

==Critical reception==

Reviews of the game tended to be mixed. On the positive side, the combination of styles (arcade action and adventure), was generally well received. Andy Smith of [[Amiga Format]], in giving the game a rating of 72%, stated that SSI succeeded in producing "a good game that is a distinct mix of two very different styles",<ref name="Smith1998" /> while Bob Guerra of [[COMPUTE!]] magazine praised the arcade-style sequences, writing that Hillsfar "does a much better job of integrating these high-quality sequences into the story than many others do".<ref name="Guerra1998" />

However, other reviewers were less impressed with the overall effect. Both Andy Slaven, in the ''Video Game Bible, 1985-2002'', and Lucinda Orr of [[Amiga Computing]], criticised the overall gameplay. Slaven found that the game lacked direction, describing it as a "collection of pointless tasks and challenges".<ref name="Slaven2002p107">{{cite book | last = Slaven | first = Andy | year = 2002 | title = Video Game Bible, 1985-2002 | publisher = Trafford Publishing | isbn = 1553697316 | page = 107 }}</ref> Orr echoed this view, and while she was impressed with some of the mini–games (describing them as "quite entertaining and graphically effective"), she found the game generally boring, writing that "there is not too much to keep the interest above critical boredom level".<ref name="Orr1989" /> An even stronger opinion was expressed by the website [[Console Classix]], which reviewed the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] version of Hillsfar. John Cooper declared that Hillsfar was the "Worst [[Role-Playing Game]] Ever Made", and the average player rating on the website was 2 out of 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consoleclassix.com/nes/add_hillsfar.html |title=AD&D Hillsfar |accessdate=2008-11-30 |last=Cooper |first=John |work=[[Console Classix]] }}</ref>

<gallery>
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Horseriding.png|Horseriding gameplay
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Lockpicking.png|The player sometimes must pick locks to open chests containing treasure
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Cave.png|Exploring caves from a first-person perspective
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Overworld.png|Exploring towns and villages
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{moby game|id=/hillsfar|name=''Hillsfar''}}
*[http://hol.abime.net/712 ''Hillsfar'' on the Amiga] at the [http://hol.abime.net Hall of Light (HOL)]

[[Category:1993 video games]]
[[Category:1989 video games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Entertainment System games]]
[[Category:DOS games]]
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Atari ST games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Dungeons & Dragons video games]]
[[Category:Platform games]]
[[Category:Forgotten Realms video games]]
[[Category:Westwood Studios games]]

Next to Normal

2009-01-21T08:14:43Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Cast */ fixing links

{{Plot|date=July 2007}}
{{Infobox Musical
|name= Next To Normal (previously called Feeling Electric)
|subtitle=
|image=
|caption=
|music=[[Tom Kitt (musician)|Tom Kitt]]
|lyrics=[[Brian Yorkey]]
|book=[[Brian Yorkey]]
|basis=
|productions= 2002 [[New York City]] workshop 2006 [[New York Musical Theatre Festival]] Staged Reading 2008 [[Off-Broadway]] 2008-2009 Virginia

|awards= [[Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation|Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation Grant]]
}}
'''''Next To Normal''''' is a musical with book and lyrics by [[Brian Yorkey]] and music by [[Tom Kitt (musician)|Tom Kitt]]. It is the story of a mother who struggles with worsening [[bipolar disorder]] and the effect that her illness has on her family. The play also addresses such issues as grieving a loss, [[suicide]], [[drug abuse]], ethics in modern psychiatry, and suburban life.

The musical received several workshop performances before it debuted [[off-Broadway]] in 2008. The musical won the Outer Critics' Circle Award for Outstanding Score. It was nominated for Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Actress (Ripley) and Outstanding Score.

A production of ''Next to Normal'' played at [[Second Stage Theatre]], January 16 - March 16, 2008, directed by Michael Greif, Anthony Rapp assistant director. Cast: [[Alice Ripley]], [[Brian D'Arcy James]], Aaron Tveit, Jennifer Damiano, Adam Chanler-Berat and Asa Somers. Beginning with this production, the surname of the family has been changed from Brown to Goodman.<ref>Hernandez, Ernio.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/115932.html New Musical Next to Normal Closes Off-Broadway March 16",]playbill.com, March 16, 2008</ref>

A production of ''Next to Normal'' with most of the New York cast took place at the [[Arena Stage]] (Arlington, VA), November 21, 2008 - January 18, 2009. Michael Greif returned as director. Also returning were [[Alice Ripley]] as Diana Goodman, [[Jennifer Damiano]] as daughter Natalie, [[Aaron Tveit]] as son Gabe and [[Adam Chanler-Berat]] as Henry. Also cast were [[J. Robert Spencer]] as Dan Goodman and [[Louis Hobson]] as Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine.<ref>Gans, Andrew.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122253.html "Chanler-Berat, Damiano, Hobson, Tveit Will Join Ripley and Spencer in Arena's Next to Normal",]playbill.com, October 10, 2008</ref> ([[Brian D'Arcy James]] could not continue with the show due to his obligations with [[Shrek (musical)| Shrek]].)

== Synopsis ==
Diana Goodman, a suburban housewife, struggles through life as she battles mental demons in the form of [[bipolar disorder]] coupled with [[hallucinations]] that stem from a trauma sixteen years earlier. Her husband Dan, an architect, fights to keep her mind and his family stable but that fight becomes increasingly problematic as Diana decides to stop taking the pills given to her by her doctor. After several failed attempts to stem the tide by means of [[talk therapy]] with a different doctor, she eventually falls into an even darker place and attempts suicide. At the suggestion of her new doctor, Diana is convinced by her husband to submit to [[electroconvulsive therapy]] that causes her to have short-term amnesia. Throughout her struggles, Diana's relationship with her daughter Natalie becomes strained because Natalie feels invisible in the eyes of her mother, who prefers the superhero-like image she has created for her son.

== Audio Recordings ==

Although no official recordings of the musical have been released, a number of [[bootleg recordings]] from the various productions do exist.

== Musical Numbers ==
;Feeling Electric (2005 NYMF Production)
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Act I
* Let There Be Light
* Night
* So Many Ways to Die
* Just Another Day
* Costco
* Up the Dose
* My Psychopharmacologist and I - Who's Crazy?
* College Years - Who's Crazy?, Part 2
* Electricity
* Dan Brown
* I Miss the Mountains
* Growing Up Unstable
* He's Not Here
* You Don't Know
* I Am the One
* I'm Alive
* Blue Skies
* Open Your Eyes
* Feeling Strongly Fine - Catch Me, I'm Falling
* I Dreamed a Dance, Act I
* There's a World
* I've Been
* Didn't I See This Movie?
* Light in the Dark
* Intro to Feeling Electric
* Feeling Electric
{{col-break}}
;Act II
* Song of Forgetting
* Four Seconds, Sixteen Years
* Four Seconds, Sixteen Years, Part 2
* Getting Better
* Aftershocks
* I Dreamed a Dance Reprise
* Superboy and the Invisible Girl
* It's Gonna Be Good Reprise
* Why Stay?
* It's a Promise
* I'm Alive Reprise
* The Break
* I Dreamed a Dance, Act II
* Live Every Day
* So Anyway
* I Am the One Reprise
* I Am the One Reprise, Part 2
* I've Been Reprise
* Let There Be Light
{{col-end}}

;Next to Normal (2008 Second Stage Production)
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Act I
* Let There Be Light
* Just Another Day
* Fucking Perfect
* Costco (''cut during run'')
* Who's Crazy?/My Psychopharmacologist and I
* Perfect for You
* I Miss the Mountains
* It's Gonna be Good
* He's Not Here
* You Don't Know/I Am the One
* Superboy and the Invisible Girl
* Open Your Eyes (''cut during previews'')
* I'm Alive
* Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me, I'm Falling
* I Dreamed a Dance
* There's a World
* Didn't I See This Movie?
* Light in the Dark
* Feeling Electric
{{col-break}}
;Act II
* Growing Up Unstable
* Song of Forgetting
* Getting Better
* Aftershocks
* How Could I Ever Forget
* It's Gonna Be Good Reprise
* Why Stay?
* The Promise That I Made to You
* I'm Alive Reprise
* The Break
* Catch Me I'm Falling Reprise
* Everything
* Perfect for You Reprise
* So Anyway
* I Am the One Reprise
* Let There Be Light Reprise
{{col-end}}

;Next to Normal (2008-2009 Arena Stage Production)
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Act I
* Prelude (Light)
* Just Another Day
* Everything Else
* Who's Crazy/My Psychopharmacologist and I
* Perfect for You
* I Miss the Mountains
* It's Gonna Be Good
* He's Not Here
* You Don't Know
* I Am the One
* Superboy and the Invisible Girl
* I'm Alive
* Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me I'm Falling
* I Dreamed a Dance
* There's a World
* I've Been
* Didn't I See This Movie?
* A Light in the Dark
{{col-break}}
;Act II
* Wish I Were Here
* Song of Forgetting
* Hey #1
* Seconds and Years
* Better Than Before
* Aftershocks
* Hey #2
* You Don't Know (reprise)
* How Could I Forget?
* It's Gonna Be Good (reprise)
* Why Stay?
* A Promise
* I'm Alive (reprise)
* The Break
* Make Up Your Mind/Catch Me I'm Falling (reprise)
* Maybe
* Hey #3/Perfect for You (reprise)
* So Anyway
* I Am the One (reprise)
* Light
{{col-end}}

== Cast ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
;2002 Cutting Room Cast
* [[Norbert Leo Butz]] - Dan Brown
* [[Sherie Rene Scott]] - Diana Brown
* Benjamin Schrader - Son/Gabriel Brown, Connor, also known as Tweak
* Anya Singleton - Natalie Brown
* Greg Naughton - Dr. Madden
{{col-break}}
;2005 First Stage Theatre Cast (in Issaquah, WA)
* Jason Collins - Dan Brown
* [[Amy Spanger]] - Diana Brown
* Benjamin Schrader - Son/Gabriel Brown, Connor, also know as Tweak
* [[Mary Faber]] - Natalie Brown
* [[Deven May]] - Dr. Madden
{{col-break}}
;2005 Barrow Group Arts Center Cast (New York Musical Theatre Festival Production)
* [[Joe Cassidy]] - Dan Brown
* [[Amy Spanger]] - Diana Brown
* Benjamin Schrader - Son/Gabriel Brown, Connor, also known as Tweak
* [[Annaleigh Ashford]] - Natalie Brown
* [[Anthony Rapp]] - Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine
{{col-break}}
;2006 Second Stage Theatre Workshop
* [[Joe Cassidy]] - Dan Brown
* [[Alice Ripley]] - Diana Brown
* Benjamin Schrader - Son/Gabriel Brown, Connor, also known as Tweak
* [[Mary Faber]] - Natalie Brown
* [[Anthony Rapp]] - Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine
{{col-end}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
;2007 Second Stage Theatre Workshop
* Greg Edelman - Dan Brown
* [[Alice Ripley]] - Diana Brown
* Van Hughes - Son/Gabriel Brown, Connor, also known as Tweak
* [[Phoebe Strole]] - Natalie Brown
* [[Anthony Rapp]] - Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine
* [[Skylar Astin]] - Henry
{{col-break}}
;2008 Second Stage Theatre
* [[Brian d'Arcy James]] - Dan Goodman
* [[Alice Ripley]] - Diana Goodman
* Aaron Tveit - Gabriel Goodman
* Jennifer Damiano - Natalie Goodman
* Asa Somers - Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine
* Adam Chanler-Berat - Henry
{{col-break}}
;2008-09 Arena Stage
* J. Robert Spencer - Dan Goodman
* [[Alice Ripley]] - Diana Goodman
* Aaron Tveit - Gabriel Goodman
* Jennifer Damiano - Natalie Goodman
* Louis Hobson - Dr. Madden/Dr. Fine
* Adam Chanler-Berat - Henry
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=show&title=Next%20to%20Normal Lortel Archives listing]
*[http://theater2.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/theater/reviews/14normal.html?ex=1361163600&en=a884dd85dd2878ff&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss NY Times review, February 2008]
*[http://www.theatermania.com/content/news.cfm/story/12823 TheatreMania review, February 2008]
*[http://www.allmusicals.com/n/nexttonormal.htm Links to the lyrics of the songs]
*[http://arenastage.org Arena Stage listing]
*[http://www.myspace.com/n2nthemusical The show's Myspace page]
*[http://www.villagetheatre.org/villageoriginals_feeling_electric.shtml Village Originals Official Website: Feeling Electric]
*[http://nexttonormal.org The Musical & the Mindset]

[[Category:2002 musicals]]
[[Category:Off-Broadway musicals]]
[[Category:Original musicals]]

Hillsfar

2008-11-30T10:57:51Z

ColorOfSuffering: I will now remove these tags. Please do not add them back in.

Hillsfar

2008-11-30T10:57:18Z

ColorOfSuffering: This is why the importance tag should have been used. Added 4 reviews, satisfying WP:N and WP:TOYS. Took me an hour...which sucks...

{{importance}}
{{unreferenced|date=June 2008}}

{{Infobox VG| title = Hillsfar
| image = [[Image:NES - Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Hillsfar.jpg|Hillsfar NES box front]]
| developer = [[Westwood Studios]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64) Marionette (Famicom,NES)
| publisher = [[Strategic Simulations, Inc]] (MS-DOS, Atari ST, Commodore 64) [[U.S. Gold|U.S. Gold Ltd.]] (Amiga) [[Pony Canyon]] (Famicom) [[Fujisankei Communications International|FCI]] (NES)
| designer =
| engine =
| released = [[November 4]], [[1993]] (NES Version), [[1989]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST & Commodore 64)
| genre = [[role-playing game]]
| modes = [[single player]]
| ratings =
| platforms = [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]]
| media = [[cartridge (electronics)|cartridge]] (NES), [[Floppy disks]] (MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64)
| requirements =
| input =
}}

'''''Hillsfar''''' is a [[computer role playing game]] which was released for [[MS-DOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Atari ST]], [[Commodore 64]] & [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] featuring some real-time parts and randomly generated quests. It also features standard elements of ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' gameplay.

==Gameplay==
To play ''Hillsfar'', the player creates a group of characters to form a party. While the game is an RPG, the gameplay differs from previous SSI games such as ''[[Pool of Radiance]]'' and ''[[Curse of the Azure Bonds]]'', though characters can be transferred into ''Hillsfar'' from those games. ''Hillsfar'' also features arcade like mini-games.

==Critical Reception==

Lucina Orr of [[Amiga Computing]] rated the game a 72% (out of 100%), saying that some of the mini-games are "quite entertaining and graphically effective," but found the game generally boring, writing that "there is not too much to keep the interest above critical boredom level."<ref>{{cite news | first= Lucinda | last=Orr | coauthors= |authorlink= | title=The bitterest hill is hard to take | date=1989-12-01 | publisher=[[GameSpy]] | url =http://amigareviews.classicgaming.gamespy.com/hillsfar.htm | work =Amiga Computing | pages =42-43 | accessdate = 2008-11-30 | language = }}</ref>

Andy Smith of [[Amiga Format]] also rated the game a 72% (out of 100%). In his review he stated that [[Strategic Simulations|SSI]] succeeded in producing "a good game that is a distinct mix of two very different styles," but criticized the sound and graphics as "disappointing."<ref>{{cite news | first=Andy | last=Smith | coauthors= |authorlink= | title=Hillsfar | date=1989-12-01 | publisher=[[GameSpy]] | url =http://amigareviews.classicgaming.gamespy.com/hillsfar.htm | work =[[Amiga Format]] | pages =41 | accessdate = 2008-11-30 | language = }}</ref>

Bob Guerra of [[COMPUTE!]] magazine reviewed the [[Atari]] version, and called the graphics "terrific," and praised the arcade-style sequences, writing that Hillsfar "does a much better job of integrating these high-quality sequences into the story than many others do."<ref>{{cite news | first=Bob | last=Guerra | coauthors= |authorlink= | title=Hillsfar | date=1989-09-01 | publisher=Atarimagazines.com | url =http://www.atarimagazines.com/compute/issue112/Hillsfar.php | work =[[COMPUTE!]] | pages =67 | accessdate = 2008-11-30 | language = }}</ref>

The website [[Console Classix]] reviewed the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]] version of Hillsfar, and stated that it is the "Worst [[Role-Playing Game]] Ever Made."<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.consoleclassix.com/nes/add_hillsfar.html |title=AD&D Hillsfar |accessdate=2008-11-30 |last=Cooper |first=John |work=[[Console Classix]] }}</ref> The average player rating on the website is a 2 out of 10.

<gallery>
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Horseriding.png|Horseriding gameplay
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Lockpicking.png|The player sometimes must pick locks to open treasures.
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Cave.png|Exploring caves from a first-person perspective
Image:AD&D Hillsfar Overworld.png|Exploring towns and villages
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{moby game|id=/hillsfar|name=''Hillsfar''}}
*[http://hol.abime.net/712 ''Hillsfar'' on the Amiga] at the [http://hol.abime.net Hall of Light (HOL)]

{{adventure-videogame-stub}}
{{D&D-stub}}

[[Category:1993 video games]]
[[Category:1989 video games]]
[[Category:Nintendo Entertainment System games]]
[[Category:DOS games]]
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Atari ST games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Dungeons & Dragons video games]]
[[Category:Platform games]]
[[Category:Forgotten Realms video games]]
[[Category:Westwood Studios games]]

Das Geschenk der Weisen

2007-10-24T07:22:39Z

ColorOfSuffering: Don't you have an O.J. Simpson page to vandalize, or something? Really? Gift of the Magi? Really? Reverted.

{{Infobox short story | 
| name = The Gift of the Magi
| title_orig =
| translator =
| author = [[O. Henry]]
| country = {{USA}}
| language = [[English language|English]]
| series =
| genre = [[short story]]
| published_in =
| publication_type =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pub_date = 1906
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
"'''The Gift of the Magi'''" is a [[short story]] written by [[O. Henry]] (a pen name for William Sydney Porter), allegedly at [[Pete's Tavern]]<ref>http://www.frommers.com/destinations/newyorkcity/N24455.html</ref><ref>http://www.literarytraveler.com/literary_articles/william_sydney_porter_ohenry.aspx</ref> on Irving Place in [[New York City]].

==Plot summary==
Jim and Della Dillingham Young are a couple who are very much in love with each other, but can barely afford their one-room apartment opposite the elevated train due to their very bad economic condition. For [[Christmas]], Della decides to buy Jim a chain for his prized pocket watch given to him by his father. To raise the funds, she has her prized long hair cut off and sold to make a wig. Meanwhile, Jim decides to sell his watch to buy Della a beautiful set of combs for her lovely, knee-length hair.

The moral of the story is that physical possessions, however valuable they may be, are of little value in the grand scheme of things. The true unselfish love that the characters, Jim and Della, share is greater than their possessions.

[[O. Henry]] ends the story by clarifying the [[metaphor]] between the characters in the story, Della and James (or Jim), and the [[Biblical Magi]].

"The Gift of the Magi" features [[O. Henry]]'s characteristic [[twist ending]] ([[O. Henry twist]]) and use of grandiloquent language.

==Popular culture and adaptations==
''The Gift of the Magi'' is widely referenced in popular culture ranging from the final segment of the motion picture ''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'', which featured an adaptation of the short story, to numerous references in popular television shows such as ''[[The Simpsons]]''<ref>{{cite episode | series=[[The Simpsons]] | title=[[Grift of the Magi]] | season=11}}</ref>, and by [[Dr. Clayton Forrester]] and [[TV's Frank]] in both Christmas specials of ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]''<ref>{{cite episode | series=[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]] | title=Santa Claus Conquers the Martians}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode | series=[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]] | title=Santa Claus}}</ref>. Even in music, the story has been adapted by the musical group, [[Squirrel Nut Zippers]] in a song by the same name. [[Gift of the Magi (opera)|An opera]] was written by [[David Conte]] in one act using the story as is. In the [[Futurama]] episode [[Xmas Story|"X-Mas Story"]] is a gift-giving scene wherein Amy sells her hair to get combs for Hermes, who sold his hair to get combs for [[Dr. Zoidberg]], which makes no sense since Dr. Zoidberg has no hair -- until it is revealed that he is now wearing both Amy's and Hermes' hair.

The 1978 ''[[Sesame Street]]'' special ''[[Christmas Eve on Sesame Street]]'' also adapts the story, with [[Ernie]] selling his [[Rubber Duckie]] to buy a box for [[Bert|Bert's]] paper clip collection, and Bert selling his paper clips to buy a dish for Ernie's Rubber Duckie.

The 2004 Hindi film ''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]'' starring [[Ajay Devgan]] and [[Aishwarya Rai]] and directed by [[Rituparno Ghosh]] is an adaptation of this story.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.auburn.edu/~vestmon/Gift_of_the_Magi.html The Gift of the Magi] by O. Henry
*[http://www.transpacificradio.com/2006/12/21/xmas3-deorio/ Reading of "The Gift of the Magi" with text and notes] (Streaming or downloadable mp3)
* Audio book recording with accompanying text of [http://content.loudlit.org/audio/magi/pages/01_01_magi.htm The Gift of the Magi]

[[Category:1906 short stories]]
[[Category:American short stories]]
[[Category:Christmas fiction]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gift Of The Magi}}

[[ja:賢者の贈り物]]

Laird Hamilton

2007-05-08T15:41:21Z

ColorOfSuffering: /* Career */ link & grammar clean-up

[[Image:Buttons pipe.jpg|right|300px]]
'''Laird Hamilton''' (born '''Laird John Zerfas''' on March 2, [[1964]] in [[San Francisco]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[big wave surfing|big-wave surfer]].

Laird and his mother JoAnn Zyrik Zerfas moved to Hawaii when he was still an infant, after the departure of his birth father before his first [[birthday]]. While a young boy, Laird met legendary 1960's Big-Wave surfer [[Bill Hamilton]] on the beach of the North Shore of Oahu, and Laird introduced Bill to his mother. Bill Hamilton went on to marry JoAnn, and become Laird's adopted father. JoAnn and Bill divorced after ten years of marriage, having given Laird a younger half-brother (and surfer), Lyon. JoAnn died of a brain aneurysm in 1997.

Laird thus grew up in the 1960s and 1970s with one of the greatest [[surfing]] locations in the world on the north [[coast]] of [[Oahu]] as a playground with a legendary big wave [[surfer]] as a [[father]] and [[coach (sport)|coach]] to mold him into the art of conquering big [[wave]] [[surf]].

Laird's first marriage was to Brazilian bodyboarder/clothes designer Maria Souza, with whom he has a daughter, Izabela, born in 1995. He is at present married to model/pro athlete [[Gabrielle Reece]], with whom he has a second daughter, Reece Viola, born in [[2003]].

== Career ==

At the age of sixteen Hamilton left school to pursue a modeling career. At the age of seventeen Laird was discovered on a beach in Kauai by a photographer from Italian ''[[Men's Vogue]]'' magazine ''[[L'Uomo Vogue]]'' which subsequently saw him land a modeling contract and later a 1983 photo shoot with the actress [[Brooke Shields]]. By the age of twenty, Laird had already become an accomplished surfer and could have easily left modeling to pursue the well-worn path from clothing endorsements to dominance on the prized World Championship Tour. However, competitive surfing and contests never appealed to Laird who had watched his father Bill suffer thoroughly in organized championships. Bill Hamilton regarded surfing more as a work of art rather than based chiefly on performance. As a young Laird once quoted "Contests are less about the one big wave," he says, "than about your performances. Surfing is about your body of work. It's about art. I would snap if I was letting someone other than the audience determine my fate. How does a musician judge his thing? By how many people love his music?"

In the 1987 movie [[North Shore (film)|North Shore]], Laird played the antagonistic role of "Lance Burkhart."
[[Image:Oahu North Shore surfing hand drag.jpg|thumb|300px|'Pipeline' on the north shore of Oahu where Hamilton grew up]]
Despite further success in modeling during the 1980s, Hamilton, with his professional surfing upbringing, had always intended to venture into a life of surfing. But, Laird's rejection of, and disposition toward, the contest circuit meant that he had to devise an alternate route to fame and international recognition. An early attempt at media recognition was his quest to be the first surfer to complete a 360 loop while strapped to his board. The attempt was chronicled in the ski film [[Groove - Requiem in the key of Ski]] by [[Greg Stump]] (1990). Thus he embarked on famously, in the early 1990s with Maui's legendary 'Strapt' crew, a group of eight or so friends that included fellow all-star Rush Randle which aimed to push the restrictions and boundaries of contemporary surfing beyond people's wildest imaginations. The Strapt crew amazed spectators by tackling bigger wave surf and featuring stunts such as launching 30-foot jumps on sailboards, then mating the boards to paragliders to experiment with some of the earliest kiteboards. In late 1992, Hamilton with some of his companions, such as Darrick Doerner and Buzzy Kerbox, started using inflatable boats to tow one another into waves which were too big to catch under paddle power alone. The technique, which would later be modified to use [[jet ski]]s, was a revolutionary innovation. [[Tow-in surfing]], as it soon became known, pushed the confinements and possibilities of big wave surfing to a whole new level. Although met with mixed reactions from the surfing community, some of whom felt that it was cheating and polluting, Laird explained that tow-in surfing was the only way to catch the monstrous sized waves such as those that can be seen at Jaws (Peahi) off the coast of [[Maui]] and the coastline of Tahiti. Using tow-in surfing methods, Hamilton quickly learned not just how to survive 70 foot waves but to carve arcs across walls of water that could literally sink ships. This put a high level of drama back into a sport long preoccupied with small-wave hopping tricks that had become a cliché in competitive surfing.

Soon, Hamilton was receiving the recognition he had long craved. In 1994 he appeared on both ESPN (with his first wife, Brazilian bodyboarder Maria Hamilton) and the cover of the magazine which gained him attention from a number of sporting agencies who recognized his potential, landing an exclusive sponsorship from the French beachwear company '[[Oxbow (sportswear)|Oxbow]]' surf later that year which he still endorses, modelling their clothes and featuring in their adverts.

However in 1995 Laird's life took an unexpected detour. He left his wife and baby daughter and moved in with professional [[volleyball]] player and model [[Gabrielle Reece]] in Los Angeles whom he met following an interview by her on American television. He went on to marry Reece in November [[1997]]. Hamilton's climb to fame was greatly helped by Gabrielle Reece's expertise in the media machine who "''knew all about being in a sport where you had to create something out of nothing,''" as she says. She soon set Hamilton up with her own talent manager, Jane Kachmer, who recommended that he needed some professional organization and publicity to achieve his potential. In short order, Hamilton's career began looking a lot more like Reece's. In 1996, People magazine named him one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World, and he actually replaced Reece as correspondent for the syndicated cable series 'The Extremists'.

By the late 1990s Laird whilst gaining more attention, had become a truly all-round waterman, gifted in a number of other watersports such as [[windsurfing]], [[waterskiing]] and developing his [[kitesurfing]] abilities as a pioneer of the sport. In 1996 Laird and [[Manu Bertin]] were instrumental in demonstrating and popularising kitesurfing off the Hawaiian coast of Maui.

Demonstrating his superb ability in the water, in 1999 Laird sailed his windsurfer between the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Kauai, some fifty miles away, an endeavour he completed in just five or six hours. He later sailed his windsurfer back again. Hamilton has also been credited with inventing the [[foilboard]], which he has also developed in, an innovative [[surfboard]] which incorporates [[hydrofoil]] technology allowing a higher degree of precision and effectiveness of aerial techniques within the water.

However, it was Hamilton's death-defying drop into [[Teahupoo|Tahiti's Teahupoo break]] on the morning of [[August 17]], [[2000]] which became the benchmark in his career and his life, and cemented his reputation as the greatest big wave surfer of all time. A wipeout in Teahupoo, a particularly hazardous shallow-water reefbreak southeast of Tahiti, means almost certain death. At Teahupoo, Laird dropped into what is widely considered to be the most dangerous wave ever ridden. His ride there is known by surfers worldwide simply as 'The Wave', and a shot of him riding The Wave made the cover of ''Surfer'' magazine, accompanied by the caption: "''oh my god...''". Afterwards even Laird admitted that even he was pushing himself to the "''max, max, max''". Hamilton is now widely regarded as the best of the best at big wave surfing, regularly surfing swells of 35 [[foot (unit of length)|feet]] (11 m) tall, and moving at speeds in excess of 30 [[mile]]s an hour (50 km/h) and successfully riding other waves of up to 70 feet high (22 m), at up to 50 mph (80 km/h).

He has often been credited for being able to conquer such enormous 'big wave' surf because of his exceptional physical conditioning and tall stature. At 6'3" (1.90m) and 225 pounds (102kg) he is able to take on larger waves which many smaller surfers could not physically handle.

==Trivia==

*Laird hunted pigs and worked in [[taro]] patches as a boy
*Laird is said to have been born in a [[bathysphere (vessel)|bathysphere]] in San Francisco
*He's half [[Greeks|Greek]], on birth father side.
*Even as a child Laird showed an unquenchable thirst for adrenaline; footage has been released of him jumping off a sixty foot cliff into deep water at just 7 years old
*Laird appeared in the 2004 documentary ''[[Riding Giants]]'' about surfing and the opening of the James Bond movie "Die Another Day," as Pierce Brosnan's big-wave surfing double
*He has appeared in the television show [[Iconoclasts]] with [[Eddie Vedder]] from popular American rock band [[Pearl Jam]]
*Footage of Laird is used on the video for "Dayvan Cowboy" from Boards of Canada.

==References==
* Matt Warshaw: ''Maverick's: the story of big-wave surfing'', Chronicle Books, ISBN 0-8118-2652-X
The Surfer's Journal, Vol. 6, No. 3: "20th Century Man: Laird Hamilton" by Bruce Jenkins

== External links ==
*[http://www.lairdhamilton.com/ Laird Hamilton's Web Site]
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0358007/ Laird Hamilton on IMDb]
*[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/02/26/60minutes/main602558.shtml 60 Minutes Laird Hamilton Feature]
*[http://www.globalsurfnews.com/news.asp?Id_news=14888 Global Surf News]
*[http://www.olympic-usa.org/11699_28334.htm The Baltimore Sun Article]
*[http://www.mensjournal.com/feature/0407/lairdHamilton.html Men's Journal Article]
*[http://surfermag.com/photos/potpourri/2000-2002/index18.html The famous ''Surfer'' magazine cover of Laird Hamilton riding The Wave at Teahupoo, 17 August 2000]
*[http://www.tim-mckenna.com/porfolio-gallery-1-teahupoo.html Another set of photographs of Laird Hamilton riding The Wave at Teahupoo, 17 August 2000, by Tim McKenna]

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Russells Teekanne

2007-04-09T17:17:56Z

ColorOfSuffering:

'''Russell's teapot''', sometimes called the '''Celestial Teapot''', was an analogy first coined by the philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]], intended to refute the idea that the burden of proof lies upon the [[Skepticism|skeptic]]  to disprove [[Falsifiability|unfalsifiable]] claims of [[religion]]s. In an article entitled [http://www.cfpf.org.uk/articles/religion/br/br_god.html "Is There a God?"], commissioned (but never published) by ''Illustrated'' magazine in [[1952]], Russell said the following:

{{cquote|If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes. But if I were to go on to say that, since my assertion cannot be disproved, it is an intolerable presumption on the part of human reason to doubt it, I should rightly be thought to be talking nonsense. If, however, the existence of such a teapot were affirmed in ancient books, taught as the sacred truth every Sunday, and instilled into the minds of children at school, hesitation to believe in its existence would become a mark of eccentricity and entitle the doubter to the attentions of the psychiatrist in an enlightened age or of the Inquisitor in an earlier time.}}

In his book ''[[A Devil's Chaplain]]'', [[Richard Dawkins]] developed the [[teapot]] theme a little further:

{{cquote|The reason organized religion merits outright hostility is that, unlike belief in Russell's teapot, religion is powerful, influential, tax-exempt and systematically passed on to children too young to defend themselves. Children are not compelled to spend their formative years memorizing loony books about teapots. Government-subsidized schools don't exclude children whose parents prefer the wrong shape of teapot. Teapot-believers don't stone teapot-unbelievers, teapot-apostates, teapot-heretics and teapot-blasphemers to death. Mothers don't warn their sons off marrying teapot-[[shiksa]]s whose parents believe in three teapots rather than one. People who put the milk in first don't [[Knee-capping|kneecap]] those who put the tea in first.}}

The concept of Russell's teapot has been extrapolated into humorous, more explicitly religion-parodying forms such as the [[Invisible Pink Unicorn]] and the [[Flying Spaghetti Monster]].

==See also==
*[[Argument from ignorance]]
*[[Parody religion]]
*''[[The Root of All Evil?]]'', a television documentary written and presented by Richard Dawkins

==External links==
*Bertrand Russell: [http://www.cfpf.org.uk/articles/religion/br/br_god.html Is There a God?]

[[Category:Atheism]]
[[Category:Philosophical arguments]]

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