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Pakistan Navy

2017-10-21T05:44:28Z

Code16: needs better citation for nuclear sub development

{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name = Pakistan Navy

|image = [[File:Pakistan Navy emblem.svg|100px]]
|caption = Pakistan Navy's Crest
|dates = 14 August 1947 – present
|country = {{PAK}}
|branch =
|type = [[Navy]]
|role =
|size = 30,700 active personnel<ref name="IISS2010"/> 5,000 reserves<ref name="IISS2010"/> 63 [[Pakistan Navy#Fleet composition|ships]] & 101 aircraft<ref name="Flightglobal">[https://d1fmezig7cekam.cloudfront.net/VPP/Global/Flight/Airline%20Business/AB%20home/Edit/WorldAirForces2015.pdf Flightglobal - World Air Forces 2015] (PDF), [[Flightglobal.com]]</ref>
|command_structure = [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] [[Pakistan Armed Forces]]
|garrison = [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Naval Headquarters]] [[Islamabad]], Pakistan
|garrison_label = Naval Headquarters (NHQ)
|nickname = {{lang|ur|پاک بحریہ}} or Pak Navy
|patron =
|motto = Urdu: ''Himmat ka aalam, Allah ka karam, Moujon pay qadam''English: "Of courage, God's grace, Pay foot waves"
|colors = Navy blue and White {{color box|#041A2A}}{{color box|white}}
|colors_label = Colours
|march =
|mascot =
|equipment =
|equipment_label =
|battles = <div style="width: 220px;"> [[Indo-Pakistan war of 1965]] [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1999]] [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|2004 Tsunami Relief Operations]] [[2010 Pakistan floods|Operation Madad]] [[Piracy in Somalia|Operations Near the HOA]] [[War in North-West Pakistan]] [[Balochistan conflict]]
|anniversaries = Navy Day is on 8 September
|decorations = [[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan military|Military]] and [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Civil decorations]] of [[Pakistan]].
|battle_honours =[[Nishan-e-Haider]]

|website ={{URL|www.paknavy.gov.pk}}
|commander1 = [[Admiral]] [[Zafar Mahmood Abbasi]]
|commander1_label = [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]]
|commander2 =
|commander2_label =
|commander3 =
|commander3_label =
|notable_commanders = Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]

|identification_symbol=[[File:Naval Standard of Pakistan.svg|border|125px]]
|identification_symbol_label=Standard (flag) of the Navy
|identification_symbol_2=[[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|125px]]
|identification_symbol_3=[[File:Naval Ensign of Pakistan.svg|border|125px]]
|identification_symbol_4 =
|identification_symbol_2_label=Naval Jack of Pakistan
|identification_symbol_3_label=Naval Ensign of Pakistan
|identification_symbol_4_label =

|aircraft_attack =
|aircraft_bomber =[[Mirage 5]]
|aircraft_electronic =[[Hawker 800|Hawker 850–XP]]
|aircraft_fighter =
|aircraft_helicopter =[[Westland Sea King]], [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]], [[Harbin Z-9]]
|aircraft_interceptor =
|aircraft_patrol = [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|Lockheed P-3C Orion]], [[Fokker F27 Friendship|Fokker F27-2000]], [[Breguet Atlantic|Breguet Atlantique I]], [[ATR-72-500]]
|aircraft_recon =[[GIDS Uqab]], [[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle|Boeing ScanEagle]], [[EMT Luna X-2000|EMT Luna X]]
|aircraft_trainer =
|aircraft_transport =
}}

The '''Pakistan Navy''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq| '''پاکستان بحریہ'''}}}}; {{lang|ur-Latn|''Pɑkistan Bahri'a''}}) ([[reporting name]]: '''PN''') is the [[naval warfare]] branch of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]], responsible for [[Pakistan]]'s {{Convert|1046|km|sigfig=3}} of coastline along the [[Arabian Sea]], and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases. The Pakistan Navy came into the existence after the [[Independence of Pakistan|independence]] of Pakistan in 1947. The [[President of Pakistan]] serves as the Supreme Commander of the Navy under Article 243 (2) of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]], and the Chief of Naval Staff heads the Navy. [[Navy Day]] is celebrated on 8 September in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm Pakistan Times | Top Story: Defence Day in Pakistan today; President, PM ask nation to imbibe spirit of ’65 War] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214201007/http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm |date=14 February 2009 }}</ref>

The Pakistan Navy's current and primary role is to protect the country's economic and military interests at home and abroad, executing the foreign and defence policies of the [[Government of Pakistan]] through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic activities and other activities in support of these objectives.<ref name="Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs">{{cite web| last =Pakistan Navy| title =Pakistan Navy: Roles and Function| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)| publisher =Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs| date =18 March 2008| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk| doi =| accessdate =2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| last =Khan, Pakistan Navy (retired), current research officer at Pakistan Naval War College| first =Commander Muhammad Azam| title =Options for Pakistan Navy: § Pakistan Navy: A sentinel for energy and economic security| journal =| volume = | issue = | page =7 | publisher =Commander Muhammad Azam Khan, retired. Current, research officer at the Pakistan Naval War College| location =[[United States Naval Academy]]| year =2011| url =https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:07Y3Irx3AO8J:www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/cc6209f2-7f01-4bb7-ac24-8c301c62f015/S-2--Options-for-the-Pakistan-Navy+pakistan+navy+in+space+program&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiCaTe2oeJ2JwqKQE0UX8j-cw-UPdVfozoMAwRfsYewXAXeayLVIPxn2TyMVcGTW9A_BdSqACZjpRhb8_u-EfL-kslbz7CXPTIr9PZBtAguv97XWyY4K4fsg2utDUL8dmXdtmjg&sig=AHIEtbTIXTgr9LKaJv5Fbgnj_ftn-1MQzw| accessdate = }}</ref> In the 21st century, the Pakistan Navy also focuses on limited overseas operations, and has played a vital role in the establishment of the [[Pakistan Antarctic Programme]].<ref>Mills, J.M. (2003). Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia. 1 (A–M). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.</ref><ref>{{cite web| last =PN| first =Pakistan Navy| authorlink =| coauthors =| title =Pakistan Navy: Hydrography| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)| publisher =Pakistan Navy Department of National Research and Hydrography| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/hydro/h_intro.htm| doi =| accessdate =2011 }}</ref>

The Pakistan Navy is supported by the [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], and the [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA), the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

The Navy is undergoing extensive [[Pakistan Navy#Frigates|modernisation and expansion]] as part of [[Pakistan's role in the War on Terror]]. Since 2001, the Pakistan Navy has increased and expanded its operational scope, and has been given greater national and international responsibility in countering the threat of sea-based global terrorism, drug smuggling, and piracy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} In 2004, Pakistan Navy became a member of the primarily [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] Combined Task Forces [[CTF-150]] and [[CTF-151]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page%3D2009%5C07%5C21%5Cstory_21-7-2009_pg7_29 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-06-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235725/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C07%5C21%5Cstory_21-7-2009_pg7_29 |archivedate=2 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> The [[China-Pakistan Economic Corridor]] has significantly expanded the role of the navy, joint patrols with the Chinese navy as well as providing land and sea-based security to secure shipping lanes has become a priority.<ref>https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2016/11/pakistan-navy-providing-security-to-cpec-ships/</ref><ref>https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/two-chinese-frigates-arrive-pakistan-for-joint-drills-pakistan-navy/</ref> From December 2016 Pakistan's Navy established TF-88 a taskforce that is designed to ensure there is security for maritime trade, this will guard the shipping lane routes by protecting Gwadar Port.<ref>http://www.dawn.com/news/1302102/pakistan-navys-special-task-force-88-set-up-to-guard-gwadar-ports-sea-lanes</ref><ref>https://www.geo.tv/latest/123558-Pakistan-Navy-establishes-taskforce-for-Gwadars-protection</ref> The Pakistan Navy is the custodian of Pakistan's second strike capability with the launch of the submarine-based cruise missiles capable of carrying conventional as well as nuclear warheads.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-missiles-idUSKBN14T1EL</ref>

The [[Constitution of Pakistan]] makes the [[President of Pakistan]] the civilian Commander-in-Chief. The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), by statute a four star admiral, is appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. The Chief of Naval Staff is subordinate to the civilian [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] and [[Defence Secretary of Pakistan|Secretary of Defence]], and commands the Navy.

==History==
{{quote|text= [[Fourteenth of August|Today]] is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The [[Dominion of Pakistan]] has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force|sign=[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the [[Quaid-e-Azam|founder]] of [[Pakistan]], addressing the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|Naval Academy]] in March 1948.|source=<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference"/> }}

The Pakistan Navy came into existence on the [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|Fourteenth of August]], 1947 with the [[Creation of Pakistan|establishment]] of the [[State of Pakistan]].<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference">{{cite web|last=GoPAK|first=Government of Pakistan|title=History|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm|work=Electronic Government of Pakistan|publisher=Pakistan Navy, Historical reference|accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the shares and assets of the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) between the [[India and Pakistan]], with the Royal Pakistan Navy (RPN) was inherited with two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbour launches.{{rp|45–46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Because of the high percentage of [[river delta|delta]] areas on its coast, Pakistan also received a number of [[Harbour Defence Motor Launch|harbour defence motor launches]]. As part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], the prefix "Royal" was used until the state was proclaimed a republic in 1956.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference"/>

The Navy endured a difficult history, only 200 officers and 3000 sailors were inherited to the Navy, the most senior being [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[HMS Choudri]] who had little experience in [[military staff]]ing.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The Navy suffered perennial problems with inadequate staff, lack of operational bases, lack of financial support, and poor technological and personnel resources.{{rp|45}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Secondly, it grew out as the smallest [[Pakistan military|uniform branch]] that contributed in its lack of importance in [[Ministry of Finance, Revenue, Economic Affairs, Statistics and Privatization (Pakistan)|federal budgets]] as well as the problems relating to its institutional infrastructure.{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The [[Pakistan Army|Army]] and the [[Pakistan Air Force|Air Force]] were the dominant force where the defence problems were based wholly on army and air force point of view.{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> There were additional problems relating to the navy were the lack of facilities and maintenance machinery as the only [[naval dockyard]] in [[Indian Subcontinent|subcontinent]] was located in [[Bombay Dockyard|Bombay]] in [[India]].{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

To overcome these difficulties, the Navy launched a recruitment program for the young nation, starting in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]] but it proved to be very difficult to sustain the program; therefore, was moved back to [[Pakistan]] to concentrate the preferred recruitments for the [[West Pakistani|Western Pakistanis]].{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Furthermore, the Navy's procurement was greatly determined by its war role and had to struggle for a role for itself throughout its history from its existence.{{rp|66}}<ref name="Springer, Siddiqa-Agha">{{cite book|last1=Siddiqa-Agha|first1=A.|title=Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230513525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beJ8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=Fasih+Bokhari+1990s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2r4fO8cfRAhURyGMKHXIPCIoQuwUIHTAA#v=onepage&q=Fasih%20Bokhari%201990s&f=false|accessdate=17 January 2017|language=en}}</ref>

===The beginning: 1947–64===
{{Main|United Kingdom-Pakistan relations|l1=Pakistan-United Kingdom military relations|Pakistan-United States military relations|Indo-Pakistani war of 1947|British Admiralty|Military Advisory Assistance Group}}
[[File:Shamsher Pakistan SLV Green 1951.jpg|thumb|left|350px|The [[frigate]] [[HMS Nadder (K392)|PNS ''Shamsher'']] in 1951.]]

During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with [[India]] in 1947–48, the Navy saw no action as all fighting was restricted to [[Land Warfare|land]] and [[Air warfare|air]] combat missions. On operational planning, Captain [[HMS Choudri]] engaged on commanding a destroyer from [[Karachi]] to [[Mumbai]] to oversee the evacuation of [[Muhajir people|Indian emigrants]] to Pakistan.{{rp|474}}<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company">{{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Anthony|last2=Fisher|first2=David|title=The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=9780393318982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9ebuSG64dkC&pg=PA474&dq=HMS+choudhri&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMnNnu-IvQAhVMxWMKHZ87DCcQuwUIJzAB#v=onepage&q=HMS%20choudhri&f=false|accessdate=3 November 2016|language=en}}</ref> In 1948, Pakistan Navy engaged in humanitarian missions to evacuate [[Indian immigrant]]s trapped in disputed and hostile areas, with its frigates operating continuously.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]], [[Rear-Admiral]] [[James Wilfred Jefford]], had created a "Short-term Emergency Plan (STEP)" to work up the frigates and naval defences in case of escalation of the war at sea.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1948, the directorate-general for [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]] (DGNI), a staff corps, was established under [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], who served as its first Director-General, in Karachi.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> When the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] came to an end in 1948, the Navy temporarily established its [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] in Karachi and acquired its first [[O and P class destroyer|O Class destroyer]] from the [[Royal Navy]].{{rp|49}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

The Pakistan Navy heavily relied its dependency on generous donations from the [[Royal Navy]] with two battle destroyers, the [[PNS Tippu Sultan (1941)|PNS ''Tippu Sultan'']] and ''[[PNS Tariq (1941)|PNS Tariq]]''.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=PakDef Military Consortium|title=The First Destroyer «|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=PakDef Military Consortium|accessdate=14 November 2016}}</ref> The ''Tippu Sultan'' was commissioned on 30 September 1949, under Commander P.S. Evans, whilst the ''Tariq'' was placed under the command of [[Lieutenant-Commander]] [[Afzal Rahman Khan]].<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/> The two destroyers formed the 25th Destroyer Squadron as the [[HMIS Narbada (U40)|PNS ''Jhelum'']] and [[HMS Onslaught (G04)|PNS ''Tughril'']], under Commander [[Muzaffar Hassan|Muzaffar Hasan]], also joined the Royal Pakistan Navy.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/>

In 1950, the Navy's [[Nationalization in Pakistan|nationalization]] took place when many officers from the air force and army volunteered to join the navy and [[Noncommissioned officer|NCOs]] gaining commission as an officers.{{rp|50–51}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Support from the army and air force to the navy led to the establishment of logistics and maintenance machinery with vigorous efforts directed towards integrating the navy presence in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]], thereby creating opportunities for people in East-Pakistan to participate in the build-up.{{rp|51}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

In 1951, the [[Pakistan Government|Pakistan government]] called for appointing native chiefs of staff of the armed branches but it was not until 1953 when a native chief of naval staff was appointed by the government.{{rp|51–52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The British [[Admiralty]], however, maintained the command of the Navy through [[Rear-Admiral]] [[James Wilfred Jefford|Jefford]] who had native deputy chiefs of staff including [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[HMS Choudri|HMS Choudhri]], Commodore Khalid Jamil, and [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] M.A. Alavi.{{rp|51–52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

[[File:HMS Gabbard (D47).jpg|thumb|300px|right|PNS ''Badr'', a destroyer visiting [[Great Britain|Britain]], 1957.]]

During this time, a number of goodwill missions were carried out by the navy's combatant ships, and non-combat missions were conducted under the auspices of the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> In 1951, HMS Choudhri's promotion papers as naval chief were approved by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] but it was not until 1953 when HMS Choudhri was promoted as [[Vice-Admiral]] and naval chief with the support from [[Army Chief of Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]] [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]].{{rp|52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> He handed over the command of 25th Destroyer squadron to a [[People of Poland|Polish]] naval officer, Commander [[:pl:Romuald Nalecz-Tyminsk|Romuald Nalecz-Tyminski]].<ref name="Polish Spirit">{{cite web|title=Admiral Romuald Nalecz-Tyminski|url=http://www.federacjapolek.ca/nowy/image/2009_images/polish_spirit_persons/nalecz-tyminski.pdf|website=federacjapolek.ca|publisher=Polish Spirit|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

In the mid 1950s, the [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Ministry of Finance]] awarded contracts to the [[Corps of Engineers, Pakistan Army|Corps of Engineers]] for the construction of the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]].<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> In 1954, several efforts were made to procure a [[CH class submarine|Ch-submarine]] from the [[Royal Navy]] but was rejected by Admiralty who agreed to loan the [[Ch class destroyer|Ch-class destroyer]], the [[HMS Chivalrous (R21)|HMS Chivalrous]], which was designated as [[HMS Chivalrous (R21)|PNS Taimur]].{{rp|51–52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> From 1953–56, HMS Choudri bitterly negotiated with the [[United States]] over the modernization of the navy and convinced the [[United States government|U.S. government]] to provide monetary support for modernization of aging [[O and P-class destroyer|O–class]] destroyers and minesweepers, while commissioning the [[C-class destroyer (1943)|Ch–class]] destroyers from [[Royal Navy|British Navy]].{{rp|54}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> [[British Navy]] tradition were disbanded and cancelled when the [[American Navy|U.S. Navy]]'s [[Military Assistance Advisory Group|advisers]] were dispatched to the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani military]] in 1955.<ref name="Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=Hamid Hussain|title=Tale of a love affair that never was: United States-Pakistan Defence Relations|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/june/loveaffair.htm|work=Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan|publisher=Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref>

In 1956, the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]] voted for promulgation of [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|Constitution of Pakistan]] and proclaimed the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] as an [[Islamic Republic]] under the new constitution.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped, and the service was re-designated the Pakistan Navy ("'''PN'''") with the [[Naval jack|PN Jack]] replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the [[White Ensign]] respectively.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> The order of precedence of the three services changed from Navy–Army–Air force to Army–Navy–Air Force.<ref name="AuthorHouse, 2013">{{cite book|last1=Fagoyinbo|first1=Joseph Babatunde|title=The Armed Forces: Instrument of Peace, Strength, Development and Prosperity|date=2013|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=1477226478|pages=473|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM0uxPH8RasC&pg=PA390&dq=army+navy+airforce+marines+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_FqqVM23GomcoQTfgILYDA&ved=0CCkQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=army%20navy%20airforce%20marines%20pakistan&f=true|accessdate=5 January 2015|format=Google Books|chapter=§The birth of Pakistan Armed Forces}}</ref>

In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced the transfer of several major surface combat warships to Pakistan Navy that included a cruiser and four destroyers to be purchased with funds made available under the U.S. [[Military Assistance Program]].{{rp|54}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1957, the Navy finalized the sale of sale of [[HMS Diadem (84)|cruiser]] warship from the United Kingdom, and used the government's own fund to induct the warship that caused a great ire against [[Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri|Admiral Choudhr]]i by the [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Finance ministry]] in the country.{{rp|55}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>

In 1958, the Navy made an unsuccessful attempt to induct the [[Neptun-class submarine|imported submarines]] from [[Sweden]] using the American funds that was halted by the [[United States]] and the Pakistan's own [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Finance ministry]] despite the fact that the idea had support from [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Army GHQ]].{{rp|57}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1958–59, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staff began fighting with the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] staff and the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) over the plans regarding the modernization of the navy that resulted in bitter [[interservice rivalry]] between army and navy which ended with Admiral Choudri's resignation to the [[Aiwan-e-Sadr|Presidency]] in 1959.{{rp|57}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> From 1956–63, the warships, two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers, and an oiler were procured from the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]] as a direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-Communist defence pacts: the [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]].<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 and afterwards===
{{Main article|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Operation Somnath|PNS Ghazi|l3=1967 PNS Ghazi's circumnavigation}}

In 1959, Vice-Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] was appointed the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|naval chief]] and built-up his relations with [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] whilst the Navy retained hopes for procuring a submarine despite financial constraints.{{rp|58–59}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The [[Royal Navy]] accepted the requests from the Pakistan Navy for a regular visit to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]] to provide first hand experience in submarine operations in 1960–61.{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] did not increase the financial funding of the navy at the expense to army and air force but he did not object to American contributions to train the Pakistan Navy in submarine operations.{{rp|59}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] provided an insightful and crucial training support to Pakistan Navy enabling it to conduct operations in long range and the proposal of procuring the submarine was met with favourable views in 1963 due to the prospect of [[Soviet Navy]] leasing a submarine to [[Indian Navy]].{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> In 1963, the [[United Kingdom]] began providing training and education on submarine operations, and in 1964, the [[PNS Ghazi]] was commissioned from the United States.{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" />

Even though, the navy nor air force was notified of the [[Operation Gibraltar|Kashmir incursion]] in 1965, the Navy was well-prepared at the time when the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] erupted between Pakistan and India in 1965.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors">{{cite book|last=Goldrick|first=James|title=No Easy Answers|year=1997|publisher=Lancer's Publications and Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=1-897829-02-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XW7kKHQeQoC&pg=PA45&dq=Pakistan+Navy&hl=en&ei=SpWDT4GQFfLciQKs05zzBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=8&ved=0CFQQ6wEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=true}}</ref> The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|naval chief]] Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] ordered all units of the Pakistan Navy to take up defensive positions off the coast, but did not order any offensive operations in the [[Bay of Bengal]].{{rp|60–61}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> As the [[Indian Air Force]]'s repeated sorties and raids disrupted [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]] operations, the Navy assumed a more aggressive role in the conflict.{{rp|61}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> On 2 September, the Navy deployed its first long-range submarine, the [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] under [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] [[Karamat Rahman Niazi|K.R. Niazi]] which was charged with gathering intelligence on Indian naval movements that stalked the diverting threats posed by the aircraft carrier [[INS Vikrant (R11)|INS ''Vikrant'']].<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef">{{cite web|last1=Usman|first1=Tariq|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=Usman Tariq Pakdef|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Ussdiablo.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[PNS Ghazi]] in [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|1965 theatre]]. In 1968, she executed a [[circumnavigation]] of [[Africa]] and [[Southern Europe]] in order to be refit in Turkey. Sunk in 1971 under mysterious circumstances.]]

On the night of 7/8 September, a naval squadron comprising four destroyers, one frigate, one cruiser, and one submarine, under the command of Commodore S.M. Anwar, launched [[Operation Dwarka]], an attack on radar facilities used by the Indian Air Force in the small coastal town of [[Dwarka]].<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef"/> The operation ended with limited damage to the area.<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef"/> After gunnery bombardment, the ''[[PNS Ghazi|Ghazi]]'' was deployed against the Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] on 22 September and ended her operations and reported back to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]] on 23 September 1965.<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef"/>

The [[Operation Dwarka|naval operation]] in Dwarka had greatly increased the prestige of the Pakistan Navy and it had also alerted Indian Navy commanders to the significant threat posed by the Pakistan Navy, and to its own naval shortcomings.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> After the war, the [[United States]] imposed an arms embargo on Pakistan and Pakistani military began exploring options for military procurement from [[Peoples Republic of China|China]], [[France]], and [[Soviet Union]].{{rp|62}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The [[United Kingdom]] offered the Navy to jointly built the [[Type 21 frigate]] but was rejected by [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] that would only allow the financial capital to be spent on submarine procurement.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

In 1966, the Pakistan Navy established its own [[special operations]] directorate, the [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSG[N]) after the recommendations from the [[United States Navy]].<ref name="Global Security.org">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title =Navy Special Forces | work = Global Security.org | publisher = | date = | url =http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Pakistan/SSGN.htm | accessdate =29 June 2011}}</ref> In 1966–70, Pakistan Navy had been well aware of massive [[Future of the Indian Navy|procurement and acquisitions]] of [[Weapon systems of the Indian Navy|weapon systems]] being acquired from the [[Soviet Union]] and [[United Kingdom]], and the danger it will posed to Pakistan.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1968–69, there were series of unsuccessful talks of acquiring the warships from the [[Soviet Navy]] which ended with no yielding results.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Difficulties arose between and after the arms embargo was lifted by the United States which lifted based strictly on [[Cash and carry (wholesale)|cash-and-carry]] basis.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Pleas for strengthening the Navy in [[East Pakistan]] were ignored due to monetary issues and financial contraints restricted the Navy's capabilities to function more efficiently.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

In 1968, the [[Daphné-class submarine|Daphné-class]] submarines were procured from the [[France]] while operating [[Tench class submarine|Tench class]] that was refitted and upgraded by the [[Turkish Navy]].{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Due to the Egyptian blockade of the [[Suez Canal]], Navy had to execute a notable submerged [[circumnavigation]] operation from [[Indian ocean]] through the [[Atlantic ocean]] in order to undergo a refit program at the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard|Gölcük]] in [[Turkey]] which was the only facility to manage the [[refit]]ting and [[Mid-life update|mid-life upgrades]] of [[military computers]] of the [[Tench-class submarine|Tench-class]].<ref name="DefenceJournal, Ahmed" /> Despite reservations harboring by the Navy NHQ about the aging ''Ghazi'', she was sailed under the command of Commander [[Ahmed Tasnim]] starting from the [[Karachi coast]] in [[Indian ocean]] to [[Cape of Good Hope]], [[South Africa]], through the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and ended at the east coast of the [[Sea of Marmara]] where the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]] was located.<ref name="DefenceJournal, Ahmed" />

In 1968–69, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staff began its tussle with the [[AHQ (Pakistan Air Force)|Air AHQ]] staff over the issue establishing the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|naval aviation]] who feared the loss of fighter jets and their pilots in the sea and was hostile towards this idea.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The United States entered in discussing the transfer of [[List of Lockheed P-3 Orion variants|P3B Orion]] aircraft to the Navy in 1970 with [[President Yahya Khan|Yahya administration]] but were not procured until the end of the 1970s.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1970, the [[foreign relations]] between Pakistan and East Pakistan further deteriorated and the Navy knew that it was impossible to defend East Pakistan from approaching [[Indian Navy]].{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Series of reforms were carried when Navy's serious reservations were considered by the [[President Yahya Khan|Yahya administration]] and [[East Pakistani]]s were hastily recruited in what was known as [[Bangladesh Navy|East Pakistan Navy]] but this proved to be disaster for Navy when majority of East Pakistani naval officers and ~3,000 sailors [[Operation Jackpot|defected to India]] to join the [[Awami League]]'s military wing– the ''[[Mukti Bahini]]''.{{rp|64–65}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Such events had jeopardized the operational scope of the Navy and the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staffers and commanders knew very well that it (Navy) was ill-prepared for the war and Pakistan was about to have a sharp lesson from India in the consequences of disconnecting strategy from reality.{{rp|65}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
{{Main article|Operation Barisal|Operation Jackpot|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}

By 1971, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staffers and their commanders knew very well that the Pakistan Navy was poorly represented in [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]) and there was no main infrastructure to conduct defensive operation against the [[Eastern Naval Command]] of [[Indian Navy]] in [[Bay of Bengal]].{{rp|64}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The navy was only able conducted the [[Riverine Warfare|riverine]]-based operations that was being undertaken by the [[Pakistan Marines]] with the assistance from the [[Special Service Group Navy|Special Service Group [Navy] ]], codenamed [[Operation Barisal|Barisal]] in April 1971.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> Although, the Governor of East Pakistan, Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S.M. Ahsan]], made efforts to increase the naval presence and significance in 1969 but the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command continued to pose a significant threat since it had capability of conduct operations in long-range areas.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations">{{cite book|last=Salik, PA|first=Siddique|title=Witness to Surrender|publisher=Inter Services Public Relations|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=984-05-1374-5|pages=60–90}}</ref>

Furthermore, the defections from [[Bangladesh Navy|East-Pakistan Navy]]'s officers and sailors had jeopardize the Navy's operational scope who went onto join the [[Awami League]]'s militant wing, the ''[[Mukti Bahini]]'' in a program known as ''Jackpot''.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/> Though, the program was disrupted by the Navy from further annihilation but the naval facilities were severely damaged due to this operation on 15 March 1971.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/> The [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]]'s geography was surrounded by India on all three landward sides by the [[Indian Army]] as the Navy was in attempt to prevent India from blocking the coasts.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/>

During this time, the [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] was housed in [[Karachi]] that decided to deploy the newly [[Mid-life update|MLU]] [[PNS Ghazi|''Ghazi'']] submarine on East while the [[PNS Hangor|''Hangor'']] in West for the intelligence gathering purposes.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/>

{{quote|text=At the end of East-Pakistan crisis.... We (Pakistan Navy, Eastern Command) had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force pounding us day and night.... |sign=Admiral Mohammad Sharif, to U.S. Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt|Zumwalt]] in 1971|source=.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions">{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Admiral Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|year=1995|publisher=Lancer's Publishers and Distributions|location=United States|isbn=1-897829-11-6|pages=218–230|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&pg=PA218&dq=admiral+mohammad+shariff&hl=en&ei=KFjyTsLUO4SjiALD64ynCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=admiral%20mohammad%20shariff&f=false}}</ref>}}

[[File:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|left|290px|[[USS Wiltsie (DD-716)|PNS ''Nazim'']], which previously took part in the [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]] and [[Korean War]]s in the US Navy as USS ''Wiltsie'' (DD-716).]]

With no naval aviation service to guard the [[Karachi port]], the Indian Navy launched a naval attack, [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]], consisting of 3 Soviet-built [[Osa class missile boat|Osa class]] [[missile boat]]s escorted by two [[anti-submarine]] patrol vessels on 4 December 1971.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> Nearing Karachi's port area, they launched [[SS-N-2 Styx]] anti-ship missiles, which the obsolescent Pakistan naval warships had no viable defense against.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal">{{cite web|last1=Tiwana|first1=M.A. Hussain|title=The Angry Sea|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/nov98/angrysea.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=November 1998}}</ref> Two of the warships, the [[PNS Muhafiz|PNS ''Muhafiz'']] and [[PNS Khyber|PNS ''Khyber'']], were both sunk, while [[PNS Shahjahan|PNS ''Shahjahan'']] was damaged beyond repair.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> Outcomes were stunning for both sides with Pakistan suffering the loss of imported warships, and while India sustaining no damages to their attacking squadron.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/>

On 8 December 1971, the ''[[PNS Hangor|Hangor]]'' led by its [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] [[Ahmed Tasnim]], sank the Indian frigate [[INS Khukri (1958)|INS ''Khukri'']] off the coast of Gujarat, India.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> This was the first sinking of a warship by a submarine since [[World War II]], and resulted in the loss of 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian Navy while the inflicting severe damages to another warship, INS ''Kirpan'', by the same submarine.<ref name="gs">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm|title=Hangor Class (Fr Daphn|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Pakistan Air Force that now acted as naval aviation made several attempts to counter the Indian [[missile boat]] threat by carrying out the aerial bombing raids over Okha harbour, the forward base of the missile boats.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> The Indian Navy retaliated with an attack on the Pakistani coast, named ''[[Operation Python]]'', on the night of 8 December 1971. when a small [[flotilla]] of Indian vessels, consisting of a missile boat and two frigates, approached Karachi and launched a missile attacks that sanked the Panamanian vessel Gulf Star, the ''PNS Dacca'', and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were damaged.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/>

The ''Python'' was a complete success for the Indian Navy, and a psychological trauma for Pakistan Navy, the human and material cost severely cutting into its combat capability, nearly 1,700 sailors perished at the barracks.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi">{{cite web|last=IN|first=Indian Navt|title=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/History/1971War/44-Attacks-On-Karachi.html|work=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|publisher=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> Civilian pilots from the [[Pakistan International Airlines]] volunteered to conduct air surveillance missions with the [[PAF]], but this proved less than helpful when they misidentified a Pakistan Navy frigate, [[PNS Zulfiqar (K265)|PNS ''Zulfikar'']], as an Indian missile boat.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> The PAF planes made several attack runs before finally identifying the ''Zulfikar'' by the Navy NHQ.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> The friendly attack resulted in further loss of navy personnel, as well as the loss of the ship, which was severely damaged and the Pakistan Navy's operational capabilities were now virtually extinct, and morale plummeted.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> Indian Navy observers who watched the raid nearby later wrote in their [[War diary|war logs]] that the "PAF pilots failed to recognize the difference between a large PNS ''Zulfikar'' frigate and a relatively small Osa missile boat."<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> After the friendly attack, all naval surface operations came to a halt under the orders of chief of naval staff.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/>

The Navy's only long range submarine, ''[[PNS Ghazi|Ghazi]]'', was deployed to the area but, according to neutral sources, it sank en route under mysterious circumstances.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y#v=onepage&q=PNS%20Ghazi&f=false Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-first Century - Geoffrey Till - Google Boeken]</ref> Pakistani authorities state that it sank either due to internal explosion or detonation of mines which it was laying at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-12/india/28288237_1_submarine-ins-rajput-eastern-naval-command|work=TOI website|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=12 May 2010|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref> The Indian Navy claims to have sunk the submarine.<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=25 May 2010|quote= On December 9, the Navy announced that they had sunk the Ghazi on December 4, after the start of the war. Later, officers were decorated for their role and the offensive action of their ships in the sinking of the Ghazi. After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi. The log of the Ghazi was recovered and the last entry as far as I can recall was on November 29, 1971. Sadly, that too has been destroyed. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd) 'Does the US want war with India?' |last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=26 March 2010|location=India}}</ref>

The submarine's destruction enabled the Indian Navy to enforce a blockade on then East Pakistan.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= 16 May 2005 }}</ref> According to the defence magazine, ''Pakistan Defence Journal'', the attack on Karachi, Dhaka, Chittagong and the loss of ''Ghazi'', the Navy no longer was able to match the threat of Indian Navy as it was already outclassed by the Indian Navy after the 1965 war.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal" />

The damage inflicted by the Indian Navy and [[Indian Air Force]] on the PN stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol craft belonging to the [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, and large-scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships; Anwar Baksh, Pasni and Madhumathi;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm|title=Chapter-39|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name=Orbat>{{cite web|title=Damage Assessment – 1971 INDO-PAK Naval War |work=B. Harry |url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=16 May 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030235952/http://www.orbat.com:80/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |archivedate=30 October 2005 |df=dmy }}</ref> Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]].<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225045411/http://www.aeronautics.ru:80/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | dead-url=yes | archive-date=25 February 2002 | accessdate=30 May 2005}}</ref> The Indian Navy lost 18 officers and 176 sailors<ref name="gs"/><ref>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=153894 Express India]</ref> and a frigate, while another frigate was damaged and a [[Breguet Alizé]] naval aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]].

According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], the Pakistan Navy lost half its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book | author=Tariq Ali | author-link=Tariq Ali | year=1983 | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books | page=95 | isbn=0-14-02-2401-7 |quote=In a two-seek war, Pakistan lost half its navy.}}</ref> Despite the limited resources and manpower, the Navy performed its task diligently by providing support to inter-services (air force and army) until the end.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad">{{cite book|last=Shariff, PN|first=Admiral Mohammad|title=Admiral's Diary: Battling through stormy sea life for decades|year=2010|publisher=The Army Press, Islamabad|page=415|url=http://dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost/}}</ref> The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy, or the military in general, in East Pakistan.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to an adversary.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

===Cold war operations and post cold war: 1972–1998===
{{See also|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh|Operation United Shield|Operation Parakram|Soviet war in Afghanistan|Revolt of the Admiral}}
{{quote|text=Pakistan fully endorse the requirements of a strong navy, capable of safeguarding Pakistan's sea frontiers and her Lines of Communication, monitoring and protecting her exclusive economic zone. Continuous efforts are at hand to provide the best available equipment to the Navy despite all economic constraints.|sign=[[Pervez Musharraf]], 1999|source=<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>}}

After [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)|surrendering]] of [[Pakistan Eastern Command]] in East and unilateral decision of ceasefire in West, Pakistan learned a sharp lesson from India in the consequences of disconnecting strategy from reality.{{rp|65}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 war]], the Navy had to rebuild from ground and the government came to realize its failure for ignoring the needs of navy at the expense of air force and army.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

By the end of 1971, the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|naval aviation]] was commissioned but it was not until 1974 when the aircraft joined the service that were procured from the donations from the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> During the course of war, the co-ordination between [[Pakistan Armed Forces|inter-services]] was limited, lack of communication, poor execution of joint-operations, this led to the establishment of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] headquartered in [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|JS HQ]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> In a small span of time, the navy facilities, manpower and profile of Navy was quickly arranged and raised by the coming and the first [[Four star admiral|four-star]] rank admiral and the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] reconstituted the Navy, and his services to Navy led him to be appointed as first navy admiral [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman]] of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Joint Chiefs Committee]] of Pakistan Armed Forces.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

The Pakistan Navy came into public notice in 1974 after it had reportedly applied a [[naval blockade]] and played an integral role to stop the [[Iraqi support of Baloch rebels|arms smuggled]] in [[Balochistan conflict]] after the [[Arms discovery in Iraqi Embassy (Pakistan)|police raid]] [[Diplomatic missions of iraq|Iraqi Embassy]] in Islamabad in 1974.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> From 1974–77, the Navy provided logistical support to army and air force until [[Rahimuddin Khan's Stabilization of Balochistan|stabilization]] of the province.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

[[File:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|left|290px|The [[Daphné-class submarine|Daphné]] ''Ghazi'' (S-134) deployed during the [[Operation Restore Hope]], 1991.]]

In the 1970s, the Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan as the Navy sought warships deals with [[France]] and [[PR China|China]].<ref name="Navy"/> The Navy acquired the land-based ballistics missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft; it become the first navy in South Asia to acquire land-based ballistics missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> In 1979–80, Pakistan procured the two [[PNS Hashmat|Agosta 70]] class submarines, [[PNS Hurmat|''Hurmat'']] and [[PNS Hashmat|Hashmat]] from [[France]].<ref name="DefenceJournal, Ahmed">{{cite web|last1=Tasnim|first1=Vice-Admiral Ahmed|title=Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Vice Admiral A. Tasnim, Defence Journal|accessdate=17 November 2016|language=Eng|date=May 2001}}</ref>

Dependency on the United States again fell in the 1980s and the Navy enjoyed unprecedented growth, doubling its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Reagan administration]] approved [[United States Dollar|US$]]3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan with Pakistan acquiring eight [[Brooke-class frigate|Brooke]] and [[Garcia-class frigate|Garcia-class]] frigates from [[US Navy|United States Navy]] on a five-year lease in 1988.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. This was done due to the [[Zia regime|Zia administration]]'s [[Operation Cyclone|cooperation]] with the [[Reagan administration]] against the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Soviet war in Afganistan|invasion]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

However, the [[Pressler amendment|arms embargo]] was again imposed after the Soviet [[Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|troops withdrawal]] from [[Afghanistan]] in 1989 when the [[United States President|U.S. President]] [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush, Sr.]] was advised to no longer certify the existence of Pakistan's covert [[Pakistan and its Nuclear Deterrent Program|nuclear arsenals]] program and the [[Pressler amendment]] was invoked on 1 October 1990.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of [[:Category:Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Pakistan Navy|former U.S. origin warships]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> Despite the embargo, the Navy assisted the [[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UNOSOM-II]] to conducted [[Operation United Shield|military operation]] against [[Civil war in Somalia]].<ref>Bush, George H., Address to the Nation on the Situation in Somalia, 4/12/92</ref> In 1991–41, the Navy became involved with the [[Operation Restore Hope]], dispatching one submarine and two destroyer frigates to support to the [[United States Navy]]'s operation in the [[Somali Civil War|civil War]] in [[Somalia]], and extended its support in 1995 to took participation in [[Operation United Shield]] to concluded its side of operation after evacuating personnel and equipments of [[Pakistan Army|army]], [[Pakistan Marines|marines]], and [[PAF|air force]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bashir, PN|first1=Adm. Noman|authorlink1=Noman Bashir|title=The Pakistan Navy's Role in Peacetime Diplomacy: Emerging Scenario in the Indian Ocean|journal=Pakistan Horizon|date=July 2010|volume=63|issue=3|pages=7|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24711004?seq=1#fndtn-page_scan_tab_contents|accessdate=16 November 2016|publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs|location=Islamabad Pakistan|language=English|format=pdf|issn=0030-980X}}</ref>

Realizing the [[Indo-US Relations|warming relations]] between the [[United States]] and [[India]], Pakistan Navy began concentrating on self-reliance for its operation needs when Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] successfully negotiating with [[France]] for the [[technology transfer]] of [[Agosta 90B class submarine|''Agosta 90B'']] submarines in 1994–95.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> This was a controversial agreement with millions of dollars were allegedly used for the purpose of [[Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari|corruption]] by both sides as the [[air-independent propulsion]] technology was transferred despite India's strong opposition.<ref name="NTI 1990"/> During the same time, the [[United Kingdom]] approved the sale of [[Westland Lynx]] and [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopters, equipped with [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] missiles which further enhanced the capabilities of Pakistan Navy.<ref name="Naval Air Arm, Navy" />

After the [[List of nuclear weapons tests of Pakistan|nuclear tests]] conducted in 1998, there were several proposals made for Pakistan Navy's transformation into a [[nuclear navy]] as it was seen against Indian Navy's [[INS Arihant|nuclear ambition]].<ref name="NTI 1990"/> Earlier in 1990, the Navy began negotiations with [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] to lease a [[nuclear submarine]], a Chinese [[Type 091 submarine|Type 091 ''Han'' class]] submarine after rival India Navy leased a Russian-based [[Charlie class submarine|Charlie 1 class]] nuclear from Soviet Union.<ref name="NTI 1990">{{cite web|last=NTI|title=Nuclear Submarine for Navy|url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/pakistan_nuclear.pdf?_=1316466791|work=October 6, 1990|publisher=NTI 1990|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> However, the Navy cancelled the negotiations with the [[People's Liberation Army Navy|Chinese Navy]] after the learning the Indian Navy had returned the Russian submarine was returned in 1991.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

In 1999, the Navy saw serious disagreement with the civilian government over the issue of [[Kargil war]] that was launched solely by the [[Pakistan Army]]. Known as the [[Revolt of the Admiral]]s in Pakistan, [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Admiral Fasih Bokhari]] and his [[NHQ (PN)|Navy NHQ]] staff maintained that the both Navy and Air Force had been deactivated.<ref name="Repro India Ltd." /> However, when Indian Navy launched ''Operation Talwar'', Pakistan Navy had to respond by deploying the submarines and destroyers combatant ships to keep Indian Navy from Ports of Karachi and Baluchistan.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>

The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] maintained its reconnaissance and patrol operations near at the Arabian sea.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> In 1999, another proposal was raised to switched the [[air-independent propulsion]] of Agosta submarine to substitute with [[nuclear propulsion]], however the proposal was dismissed.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,">{{cite web|last=Lodhi|first=F.S.|title=An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm|work=Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi|publisher=Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref>

===Engagement in 1999 and 2001 standoff===
{{Main article|Atlantique Incident|Indo-Pakistani War of 1999|Revolt of the Admiral|2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff}}

In 1999, the [[Pakistan Army]] soldiers engaged with [[Indian Army]] and that fighting extended to the Navy who came under pressure to protect the coasts of Sindh and Balochistan while performing the non-combat missions. The [[Indian Navy]]'s rapid movement in the [[Arabian sea]] pushed the Navy to take the [[active measures]] and responded by deploying a large formation of submarines to gather intelligence on the movement of Indian naval vessels, their activities and presence.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA," /> Over the appointment of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs]], Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] and his [[NHQ (PN)|Navy NHQ]] staff led to a serious disagreement with [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]], an event that is known as [[Revolt of the Admiral|Revolt of the Admiral Bokhari]], who resigned from his commission in protest.{{rp|35}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig">{{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|last2=Baig|first2=Ebad|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781477250303|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC&pg=PA35&dq=Admiral+Fasih+Bokhari&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik7aLK56zQAhVM-GMKHTbGAhsQuwUIOTAE#v=onepage&q=Admiral%20Fasih%20Bokhari&f=false|accessdate=16 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>

In 1999, the Navy became involved in a military engagement with the [[Indian Air Force]] when the [[News channels in Pakistan|local news channels]] reported that the Navy had suffered serious casualty in a non-combat missions in terms of losing aircraft and personnel, roughly occurred just two weeks since the end of [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1999|Kargil debacle]].{{rp|62}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/> On 10 August 1999, the [[Indian Air Force]]'s two [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG 21FL]] fired and shot down the reconnaissance navy plane, the [[Breguet Atlantic|''Atlantic'']], with sixteen personnel, including four naval fighter pilots on board.{{rp|62}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/> All hands and the aircraft were lost when it was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch]] region by [[Indian Air Force]], with both countries claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace.{{rp|62}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/>

[[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A Pakistan Navy [[Lockheed P-3C Orion|P3C Orion]] getting airborne in 2010.]]

The international observers noted that the wreckage fell well within Pakistan's territory, giving credence to the Pakistan's claim.{{rp|62–63}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/> But the investigation conducted by the [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]] revealed that the crash site was spread over 2 km on both sides of the border and the majority of the wreckage was on the Indian side. The [[Government of India|Indian government]] released the bodies of all the 16 personnel killed in the crash, asserting their point that the aircraft crashed in India.<ref name="The Independent"/> The Indian Air Force stated that "the ''Atlantique'' was trying to return to Pakistan's airspace after intruding more than {{convert|10|nmi|km}} and as such was headed towards Pakistan...." This incident resulted in escalated tensions between the two [[India-Pakistan relations|neighbouring countries]].<ref name="The Independent">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/16-dead-as-india-shoots-down-pakistani-naval-plane-1112052.html|title=16 dead as India shoots down Pakistani naval plane|work=The Independent|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

In October 1999, another mishap claimed the loss of Navy's [[P3C Orion]] ([[anti-submarine warfare|ASW]]) aircraft crashed while on routine exercise towards the coastal town of Pasni in the [[Balochistan Province]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/493254.stm | work=BBC News | title=Pakistan naval aircraft crashes | date=29 October 1999}}</ref> In this non-combat mission, the casualties stood with twenty one personnel, including two navy fighter pilots, eleven sailors and ten senior officers died in the incident—the cause of the incident was stated as a technical failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/p3/index.html|title=404 · Lockheed Martin|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>
During the 2001–2002 India-Pakistan Standoff, the Pakistan Navy was a put on high-alert and more than a dozen warships were deployed near at the Arabian Sea.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> In 2001, the Navy took serious consideration of deploying the [[nuclear weapon]]s on its submarines although none of the nuclear weapons were ever deployed in the submarines.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

During the 2001–02, there was another [[2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff|military standoff]] and Navy again put on high alert with deployment of more than a dozen warships were deployed near at the Arabian Sea.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> In 2001, the Navy took serious consideration of deploying the [[nuclear weapon]]s on its submarines although none of the nuclear weapons were ever deployed in the submarines.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

In 2003–04, there were several proposals made for acquiring the vintage [[aircraft carriers]] but the Navy itself had dismissed the idea since the country has not aspired to have an aircraft capability.{{rp|79}}<ref name="Routledge Dittmer">{{cite book|last1=Dittmer|first1=Lowell|title=South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317459569|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02XxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79&dq=aircraft+carrier+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi26L_wjrDQAhXLxFQKHcaNAUwQuwUIHjAA#v=onepage&q=aircraft%20carrier%20pakistan&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>

===War on Terror and operations in North-West===
{{Main article|PNS Mehran Operation|Operation Rah-e-Nijat|PNS Mehran Operation|Operation Black Thunderstorm|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh}}

[[File:US Navy 100323-N-0000X-003 Chief of Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy Adm. Noman Bashir is greeted by Gen. David Petraeus, commander of U.S. Central Command.jpg|thumb|Admiral [[Noman Bashir|Bashir]] meets with the [[United States Army|US Army]] General [[David Petraeus]], top commander of [[International Security Assistance Force|US forces in Afghanistan]], to initiate peace initiatives and counter-terrorism operations against Taliban forces in Afghanistan.]]

Since 1995–97, the operational scope of Navy has increased, first participating in combat operation, [[Operation United Shield|United Shield]] with the [[United States Navy]]. Since 2007, the Navy has shifted into focusing the large-scale special operations and strike operations. The Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[United States Naval Forces Central Command|NAVCENT]], [[Combined Task Force 150|CTF-150]], [[Combined Task Force 151|CTF-151]], [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|last=PN |title=Pakistan Navy and Operation OEF |url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |publisher=PN Second |accessdate=11 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726120430/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |archivedate=26 July 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from 24 March 2006, until 25 February 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003183518/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html |date=3 October 2008 }}</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726120430/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |date=26 July 2007 }}</ref> Development continues on new warships, weapons, weapons technology, and as well as building the [[nuclear submarine]] for its current operational capabilities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Star Desk|title=Pakistan Navy to build nuclear submarine|url=http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130418182536/http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 April 2013|accessdate=6 April 2012|newspaper=ARY News|date=10 February 2012}}</ref>

Since 2007, the Navy actively participated in Operation Black Thunderstorm, Operation Rah-e-Nijat, Operation Mehran, [[Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|Operation Maddad]], and is a major participant in [[War on Terror]] and the [[War in North-West Pakistan|War in tribal areas]] of Pakistan. Due to its operational capabilities and ability to project force far from coastal areas of Pakistan, for instance the [[Northern Pakistan]] and abroad, the Navy remains potent asset for the [[Commander-in-Chief]] (the [[President of Pakistan]]) as well as the chief executive of the country (the [[Prime minister of Pakistan]]).

[[File:Pakistan Navy Special Service Group member silhouetted aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur.jpg|thumb|left|An elite member of Navy's [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSGN) is silhouetted by the setting sun abroad PNS ''Babur'' while under way in the Arabian Sea 25 November 2007]]

Despite its [[Maritime Interdiction Operations|seaborne mission]], the Navy had played an active role in controlling the insurgency in [[War in North-West Pakistan|Tribal Belt]] in [[War in North-West Pakistan|Western Pakistan]], mostly taking roles in managing [[Military logistics|logistics]] and [[intelligence gathering]] as well as conducting ground operations with the army in Western areas to track down the [[al-Qaeda|al-Qaeda operatives]]. In 2011, the major terror bombing took place in Navy's assets in various locations of Karachi by [[Al-Qaeda]]; the first of the bombings took place on 21 April 2011 on two naval buses and second bombing incident on 28 April 2011 on a naval coaster. An estimated 12 lives have been lost since the start of the bombing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=14800|title=Blast hits Pakistan Navy bus, third in a week|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> A third bombing, and final bombing took place on 22 May 2011. The attack was on the PNS Mehran base in Karachi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=6183&Cat=13&dt=5/23/2011|title=A joint attack by al-Qaeda, TTP|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=22 May 2011}}</ref>

Since 2004, the Navy has been readily used in overland counter-insurgency operations, to ease off the pressure to Army and Air Force.<ref name="The New York TImes">{{cite web|last=Mackey|first=Robert|title=Before Attack, Pakistan's Navy Boasted of Role in Fight Against Taliban|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/before-attack-pakistans-navy-boasted-of-role-in-fight-against-taliban/|work=NYTimes – The Lede (blog)|publisher=The New York TImes|accessdate=10 April 2012|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> The Northern Command (COMNOR) under a [[rear-admiral]], conducted overland, [[signal intelligence]], and bombing missions in the Tribal belt while its navy fighter jets attacked the hidden secretive places of militants.<ref name="The New York TImes"/> In the anti-terror, naval-based airborne missions using precision bombing tactics provided by the US Navy, the Pakistan Navy played a vital role in force-projection of its naval forces that played a significant role in controlling the insurgency, terrorism as well as proved the ability to conduct successful operations far from coastal areas won many presidential citations and praised by the government and the international recognition.<ref name="The New York TImes"/>

The Navy has been active as early as 2006–07 to track down the terrorist elements and al-Qaeda operatives around the country as part of the campaign against the terrorism. To limit the pressure on army and air force, the Navy executed far more difficult operations in Northern Pakistan, and its combatant assets fought Taliban insurgency in Western border with the ground forces. On 22 May 2011, the Navy's first engagement with [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan|Pakistani Taliban]] took place in ''PNS Mehran'', the headquarters of the Navy's [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] and the most populous Pakistani military installation, located near the PAF's [[PAF Base Faisal|Faisal Air Force Base]] of Karachi, Sindh. In the course of the event, around 15 attackers killed 18 naval personnel and wounded 16 in a sophisticated terrorist attack. According to the United States and Western intelligence sources, the attack was far more dangerous than the [[Operation Janbaz|2009 Pakistan Army General Headquarters attack]], and was better planned and more rehearsed than the previous attacks. It was the biggest attack on the Navy and its assets since 1971, and is believed to be the last major attack of militant mastermind Ilyas Kashmiri before being killed in the drone strike. The [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSG(N)), carried out the counter-attack, which was the largest operation led by SSG(N) since [[Operation Jackpot]] of 1971.

==Involvement in civil society==
{{Main article|Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)}}
The Pakistan Navy has played an integral part in the civil society of Pakistan, almost since its inception.<ref name="Taylor and Francis-e-Library">{{cite book|last=Mazhar Aziz|title=Military control in Pakistan: the parallel state|year=2008|publisher=Taylor and Francis-e-Library|location=Milton Park, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK|isbn=978-0-415-43743-1|pages=80–81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIwXnkZOyoMC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=dismissal+of+general++karamat&source=bl&ots=-Uzb9PkhEc&sig=zwt4KeYFNGEPqpdmNqT4C17HMxI&hl=en&ei=niLgTs62EJSOigKgnpSeDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dismissal%20of%20general%20%20karamat&f=false}}</ref> In 1996, General Jehangir Karamat described Pakistan armed forces' relations with the society:

{{quote|text=In my opinion, if we have to repeat of past events then we must understand that Military leaders can pressure only up to a point. Beyond that their own position starts getting undermined because the military is after all is a mirror image of the civil society from which it is drawn. |sign=General Jehangir Karamat on civil society–military relations |source=<ref name="Taylor and Francis-e-Library"/>}}

===Multi-national operations===
Between 11–21 May 2008, Pakistani warships [[HMS Alacrity (F174)|PNS ''Badr'' (D-182)]], [[HMS Alacrity (F174)|PNS ''Shahjahan'' (D 186)]], and PNS ''Nasr'' (A-47), as well as the Pakistan Air Force Explosive Ordnance Disposal team, participated in Exercise Inspired Union – multi-national exercises in the [[North Arabian Sea]] that also included the American destroyers {{USS|Curts|FFG-38|2}} and {{USS|Ross|DDG 71|2}}.<ref>{{cite web | author= Lt. (j.g.) Bryan Boggs, USN | title= USS ''Curts'', Pakistani Navy Participate in Officer Exchange Program | url= http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=37552 | work= NNS080602-12 | publisher= ''Abraham Lincoln'' Carrier Strike Group Public Affairs | date= 6 June 2008 | accessdate=2010-12-27}}</ref>

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on 26 December 2004. Pakistan sent her combatant vessels to [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm|title=2 Pakistan Navy ships, C-130s to join rescue work|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

Pakistan Navy dispatched its two combatant vessels, [[PNS Tariq (1973)|PNS Tariq]], a destroyer, PNS ''Nasr'', a Logistic support ship, were deployed in the region. Under the tactical direction of former Chief of Naval Staff Admiral (retired) Shahid Karimullah, Pakistan Navy ships immediately rendered their assistance to Government of Maldives for evacuation of stranded tourists/locals from islands. Pakistan Navy continued this humanitarian assistance through rendering diplomatic and material support by sending two more ships with sizeable relief efforts to Indonesia and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/spedition/defence_day_supp_05/p11.html|title=Jang Group Online Defence Day Supplement|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Pakistan Navy later assigned another relief mission to Sri Lanka dispatching two more combatant vessels. PNS ''Khaiber'' and PNS ''Moawin'' were dispatched to assist Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/news/print.php?id=91172 PN ships to arrive in Indonesia for relief operation in tsunami-hit areas]</ref> These vessels had three helicopters, a [[Pakistan Marines|140th Marine Expeditionary Force]], military and civilian doctors, and paramedics. Besides, relief goods – medicines, medical equipment, food supplies, tents, blankets- are being sent in huge quantities.<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/01/04/top.htm Quake-Tsunami Devastation: Pakistan Joins Global Task Force for Aid ]</ref> The diameter of relief operations were expanded to Bangladesh. And, Pakistan Naval vessels, carrying other Pakistan Armed Forces units, landed in Bangladesh for the first time since December 1971. The Navy, Army, and the Air Force had carried out the relief operations in the Bangladesh, where the Pakistani forces also anticipated reconstruction of civil infrastructure in the country.<ref>[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-article&id=3 The role of Pakistan Armed Forces in Bangladesh]</ref>

===Operation Madad===
{{Main article|Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|2010 Pakistan floods}}

As [[Pakistan Army|Army]] and [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) gained momentum on militancy, the Navy took the whole responsibility of conducting the largest search and rescue operations in the [[2010 Pakistan floods|2010 floods]]. The Navy rescued and evacuated more than 352,291 people after launching the ''Operation Madad'' (English: "Help") throughout Pakistan in August 2010.<ref>[http://www.pakistannews.com.pk/national/pakistan-flood-disaster/pak-navy-launches-operation-madad-sindh.html Pak Navy launches operation ‘Madad’ in Sindh]</ref> Since then, the Navy had provided 43,850 kg of food and relief goods to flood victims; 5,700 kg of ready-to-cook food, 1,000 kg of dates and 5,000 kg of food has been dispatched to Sukkur. The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] had air dropped more than 500 kg of food and relief good in Thal, Ghospur and Mirpur areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=256553&Cat=4&dt=8/16/2010|title=Pakistan Navy continues relief operations|date=16 August 2010|work=The News International, Pakistan|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2011|01}}, under the program ''PN Model Village'', the Navy is building the model houses in the affected areas. More than 87 houses were built and had been distributed to the local [[internally displaced person]] (IDPs). About 69,011 people have been treated in PN medical camps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onepakistan.com/news/local/karachi/81137-pn-model-village-handed-over-to-idps.html|title=Karachi News|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

==Command structure==
According to the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]], the [[President of Pakistan]] is the civilian commander-in-chief of [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] while the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] served as the chief executive of Pakistan Armed Forces, both the people-elected civilians, the President and Prime minister, maintains a [[civilian control of the military]].

The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] (CNS), a four-star admiral, is a member of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] as well as the [[National Security Council of Pakistan|National Security Council]] (NSC) and the [[Pakistan National Command Authority|Nuclear Command Authority]], and is responsible for the sea defence of the country.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} They direct the non-combat and combatant operations from naval combatant headquarters (NHQ) in Islamabad, near army combatant headquarters (GHQ).

The Chief of Naval Staff has seven Deputy Chiefs of Naval Staff, ranging from Rear Admirals to Vice-Admirals; the Chief of Staff (COS) under whom the Naval Operations and Intelligence Directorates functions; the [[Naval Secretary]] (NS); the [[Quarter master general|Quarter-Master General]] (QMG); the [[Hydrographer of the Navy|Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN)]]; the Engineer-in-Chief; the [[Flag Officer Sea Training]] (FOST); the Director-General of Training and Joint Warfare (DG Trig); the Directorate-General for Naval Technologies Complex (NTC); and the Chief of Naval Logistics (CNL). The responsibilities of Deputy Chief of Naval Staff are listed below:{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

===Deputy chiefs of staff===
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Operations (DCNS Operations)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Evaluation (DCNS Training and Evaluation)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Personnel (DCNS Training and Personnel)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Materials (DCNS Materials)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Supplies (DCNS Supply)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Projects (DCNS Projects)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] (DCNS NSFC)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff Of Administration (DCNS Administration)

===Assistant chiefs of staff===
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Operations (ACNS Operations)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Evaluation (ACNS Training and Evaluation)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Personnel (ACNS Training and Personnel)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Materials (ACNS Materials)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Supplies (ACNS Supply)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Projects (ACNS Projects)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] (ACNS NSFC)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Of Administration (ACNS Administration)

===Combatant commands===
The Pakistan Navy has six major combatant commands
*'''Commander of Pakistan Naval Fleet (COMPAK)''' – The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands.<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/compak.html</ref> COMPAK is headquartered in Karachi, Sindh. Previously, it included the 25th and 18th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
**'''Commander Naval Air Arm (COMNAV)''' – Looks after the Naval air stations, and is the commander of the Naval Aviation, reporting into COMPAK.<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/admin_Authorities.html</ref>
**'''Commander Submarine Squadron (COMSUBS)'''– Looks after the submarine operations, and is the commander of the submarine commanders, reporting into COMPAK.<ref>{{cite web|title=Submarine History|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_history.html|website=www.paknavy.gov.pk|accessdate=24 January 2017}}</ref>
*'''Commander Karachi (COMKAR)''' – The Commander Karachi is responsible for the command of the shore establishment, naval facilities within Karachi. The COMKAR also provide services and training facilities for the Navy. The COMKAR also looks after the military protocol at Karachi. This command's responsibilities also include harbour defence.
*''' Commander COAST (COMCOAST)''' – The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
*'''Commander Logistics (COMLOG)''' – This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
*'''Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
*'''Commander North (COMNOR)''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan. The COMNOR commands the naval facilities in North-west Pakistan, Azad Kashmir, and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The COMNOR is also a major part of Pakistan's Northern Naval Command.
*'''Commander WEST (COMWEST )''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]]. The COMWEST is a major component of the Western Naval Command of Pakistan Navy.
*'''Commander Central Punjab (COMCEP)'''<ref name="PNOrg">{{cite web | url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/organization.html | title=PN ORGANIZATION | publisher=Pakistan Navy | accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref>– Looks after the naval and marine assets stationed in Punjab, and Southern skirts of Sindh.

===Depots command===
The Pakistan Navy has a major Depot command which consists of 11 units
**'''Commander Depots Group (COMDEP)'''- This is a Type Command of Supply Branch located in Karachi

===Headquarters===

The single headquarter for the Navy, the [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]], is located in [[Islamabad]] at the neighborhoods of the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], in the vicinity of [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|Joint Staff Headquarters]].

The NHQ function also includes the [[Judge Advocate General Branch|Judge Advocate General Corps of Navy]], and the Comptroller of Civilian Personnel, the [[Hydrographer of the Navy|Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN)]] of the [[Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department|Hydrographic Corps]]; the Engineer-in-Chief of Naval Engineering Corps (NEC); Surgeon General of Navy; Quartermaster General of the Navy.

===Naval Strategic Force Command===
In August 2012, the Pakistan Navy inaugurated the Naval Strategic Force Command headquarters, described by the military as the "custodian of the [[Nation-state|nation]]'s nuclear [[second strike capability]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-20/pakistan/31788040_1_pakistan-navy-inaugurates-nuclear-arsenal|title= Pak's navy inaugurates new Strategic Force headquarters|date=9 August 2012}}</ref>

==Personnel==
{{See also|List of serving Admirals of the Pakistan Navy}}
[[File:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Navy Officers on Guard By the Standard of the Navy and the Naval Jack]]
[[File:Change of command aboard PNS Tippu Sultan DVIDS78354.jpg|thumb|Then, Commodore, Khan Hasham Bin Saddique of Pakistan Navy, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, 25 February 2008.]]

As the estimates made in 2003 and 2009, the Navy had approximately 25,000 active duty personnel.<ref name="IISS2010">''The Military Balance 2010'', p. 367, [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] (London, 2010).</ref> With additional 1,200 [[Pakistan Marines|Marines]] and more than 2,500 [[Pakistan Coast Guard|Coast Guard]]; 2,000 active-duty Navy personnel in the Maritime Security Agency. In addition there were 5,000 reserves, total combined forces exceeding 35,700 personnel.<ref name="IISS2010"/>

In 2007, Navy gave commissioned to the first Baloch naval squadron, consisting of around 53 women officers and 72 Baloch sailors.<ref name="Dawn News, 19th March 2012">{{cite news|last=Dr. Mustaghis-ur-Rahman|title=Gender inequality in {{sic|nolink=y|coporates|expected=corporates}}|url=http://dawn.com/2012/03/19/gender-inequality-in-coporates/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Dawn News, 19 March 2012|date=19 March 2012}}</ref> In 2012, the Navy pushed its personnel strength to Baluchistan after sending a large formation of Baloch university students to Navy Engineering Colleges and War College as well as staff schools to complete their officer training requirements.<ref name="Dawn News, 10th March 2012">{{cite news|last=Our Reporter|title=Pakistan Navy offers jobs to Balochistan youths|url=http://dawn.com/2012/03/10/pakistan-navy-offers-jobs-to-balochistan-youths/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Dawn News, 10 March 2012|date=10 March 2012}}</ref> The Navy established three additional facilities in Balochistan to supervise the training to its personnel.<ref name="Dawn News, 10th March 2012"/> As of 2014 estimate, the Navy has a strength of 30,700 active duty personnel.<ref name="Penguin UK, Ahmed">{{cite book|last1=Ahmed|first1=Khaled|title=Sleepwalking to Surrender: Dealing with Terrorism in Pakistan|date=2014|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9789386057624|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TbzBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT95&lpg=PT95&dq=pakistan+navy+personnel&source=bl&ots=9mfLYMN46o&sig=LTziFjHArHCl-iH9w8ZRLy2mWfI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi28LSMlLDQAhXMy1QKHasyBA84ChDoAQgkMAI#v=onepage&q=pakistan%20navy%20personnel&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>

===Education and training ===
The Pakistan Navy maintains large educational organisations, accredited institutions and scientific organisations to support the combatant and non-combatant missions, operations and shores activities on land. Its academic and accredited four-year university, the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], is the home of naval cadets for the future officers of Pakistan Navy, and offers academic degrees programmes at its academy. The Pakistan Naval Academy also has provided education, athletic programs and military training programmes to the officers of allied navies, among notables including the Chief of Staff of the [[Qatar Armed Forces|Qatar Royal Navy]] (QRN) and many high-ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] (RSN) as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the Pakistan Naval Academy. The academy is a full-fledged academic and scientific institution catering to the needs to Pakistan junior naval officers.

The Pakistan Navy also managed, administers, and managed the various academic research universities in the country, including the [[Pakistan Navy School|Naval Educational Establishment]] (NEE). The [[Pakistan Naval War College|Naval War College]] is a post-graduate and post-doctorate college that specialises in the techniques and developing ideas for naval warfare and passing them along to officers of the Navy.<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm New Page 2] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603221244/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm |date=3 June 2012 }}</ref> Other college includes the [[Pakistan Navy School of Logistics and Management|College of Logistics and Management]] (conducts research in military logistics); and [[Strategic Institute for Maritime Affairs|Strategic Institute for Naval Affairs]] which conducts research on specialising in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan naval forces.

The senior training institution for all service branches is the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] (NDU) at the Islamabad. Originally established in 1971 at Rawalpindi, the university is mandate to provide training in higher military strategy for senior officers, the institution was relocated to Islamabad in 1995. It also offers courses that allow civilians to explore the broader aspects of national security, defence policy and war studies. In a program begun in the 1980s to upgrade the intellectual standards of the army, air force, marines and naval officers and increase awareness of the wider world, a large group of officers, has been detailed to academic training, achieving master's degrees and even doctorates at universities in Pakistan and abroad.

== Pay grade and uniforms==
The rank structure is patterned on the Royal Navy model. It consists of [[commissioned officers]] and the [[Junior Commissioned Officer]]s paygrade ranks only.
{{Main article|Naval ranks and insignia of Pakistan}}

{| style="border:1px solid #001A57; background-color:white; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Structure of the Commissioned officer rank of the Pakistan Navy'''
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Pay grade !! OF-10 !! OF-9 !! OF-8 !! OF-7 !! OF-6 !! OF-5 !! OF-4 !! OF-3 !! OF-2 !! OF-1 !! OF-1 !!
|-
| '''Insignia'''
| [[File:Fleet Admiral Pakistan Navy Insignia.jpg|45px]] [[File:US-O11 insignia.svg|30px]]
| [[File:Admiral Pakistan Navy insignia.svg|55px]] [[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|55px]]
| [[File:Vice admiral Pakistan Navy insignia.svg|60px]] [[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|55px]]
| [[File:Rear admiral Pakistan Navy insignia.svg|60px]] [[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|35px]]
| [[File:Commodore Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] [[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]]
| [[File:Captain Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Commander Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Lieutenant Commander Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Lieutenant Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Sub Lieutenant Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Midshipman Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]
|-
| '''Title'''
|[[Admiral of the fleet|Admiral of the Fleet]] {{small|Grade authorized but never awarded to date}}
|[[Admiral]]
|[[Vice-Admiral]]
|[[Rear-Admiral]]
|[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
|[[Commander (rank)|Commander]]
|[[Lieutenant-Commander]]
|[[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]]
|[[Sub-lieutenant]]
|[[Midshipman]]
|-
| '''Rank Hierarchy'''
|[[Five-star rank|Five-star Admiral]]
|[[Four-star rank|Four-star Admiral]]
|[[Three-star rank|Three-star Admiral]]
|[[Two-star rank|Two-star Admiral]]
|[[One-star rank|One-star]] {{small|(considered to be as 1 star Admiral)}}

|}

{| style="border:1px solid #001A57; background-color:white; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Structure of the Enlisted rank of the Pakistan Navy'''
|
| '''Insignia'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''Title'''
| [[Master Chief Petty Officer]]
| [[Fleet Chief Petty Officer]]
| [[Chief Petty Officer]]
| No Equivalent

| [[Petty Officer]]
| No Equivalent
| [[Leading Rate]]
| [[Able Seaman]]
| [[Ordinary Rate]]
|-
| '''Abbreviation'''
| MCPO||FCPO||CPO||NE||PO||NE||LH||AS||OS
|-
|}

==Science and technology==
Apart from executing military operations, the Navy also maintains its own science and technology organisations and commands to promote scientific activities, knowledge, and engineering facilities in the navy. The Navy operates the [[Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department|Naval Directorate for Hydrography]], served as the operational scientific naval oceanographic program for the Navy. The Navy also administer and operates the astronomical observatory known as [[Pakistan Naval Observatory]], with primary mission to produce Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) for the Navy and the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), though the Navy has also played a vital role in nation's civilian space authority, the [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission|Space Research Commission]] in conducting studies on [[Astrophysics]], [[Astronomy]] and Mathematics. The [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] served as the primary scientific and military organisation for the Navy, the command is charged with battling with naval-based nuclear weapons and controlling the operations of nuclear submarines.

[[File:PNEC.jpg|left|thumb|A campus of [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|Navy Engineering College]] (PNEC) in Karachi.]]

The other educational facilities training institutions are included the PNS ''Bahadur'', that conducts weapon system specialist courses; the PNS ''Himalaya'', for providing the combat surface training courses for the [[Non-commissioned officer|NCO]], [[Junior commissioned officer|JCO]], and recruited sailors while the Higher Educational Training (HET) is a way to be commissioned officer from sailors.

The PNS ''Karsaz'' is the largest and most organised technical and naval combat training establishment of the Navy. The ''Karsaz'' has the privilege to host many heads of states since its commissioning. ''Karsaz'' served as a mother unit who gave birth to [[Pakistan Naval Station Mehran|Naval Air Station Mehran]], the [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|Navy Engineering College]], PNS ''Bahadur'', and other Navy units and naval bases in that area. The unit celebrated its golden jubilee in 2003 under the command of [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] M. Bashir. Chaudhry. The PNS ''Karsaz'' also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of [[Pakistan Rupee|Rs. 88.00 Millions]] during 2003–05. Cdre M. Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant ''Karsaz'' during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists, got the school designed through NESPAK and finally constructed & put it into operation. The Rangoon Vala Trust (RVT) contributed the most in the funding of this school and other Navy sponsored programmes.

The Navy Engineering College is one of the most recognised institute of the Navy and offers under-graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral programmes in engineering, science and technology disciplines. The Navy Engineering College is controlled by the Navy but it has been an affiliated with the [[National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan|National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical, Electronics and industrial and manufacturing engineering.

==Special Operations Forces==

===Special Services Group (N)===
{{Main article|Special Service Group Navy}}
[[File:US Navy 110613-N-OT964-118 Chief Navy Diver Aaron Knight, right, assigned to Commander, Task Group (CTG) 56.1, and Pakistani divers.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG conducting force-protection and under-water special forces training with their [[United States Navy]] counterparts, the [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs.]] ]]

The [[Special Service Group Navy]] (reporting name: '''SSG-[N]''') are the principle and elite [[special operations force]] (SOF) of the Pakistan Navy, part of the [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]]. The unit was established by then-[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|CNS]] Admiral [[S. M. Ahsan]] under the advice and guidance of [[United States Navy SEALs]], in 1966.

The SSG-N's first combat operation took place in 1971 and its operational diameter has increased since then. SSG-N training is extremely tough, one of the toughest courses offered by the Pakistan Armed Forces and in the world. The SSG-N train together first with the special forces of the Pakistan [[Special Service Group|army]] and [[Special Service Wing|air force]], then the special airborne, seaborne, and diving courses are taught by the instructors to the recruiters of the veteran Navy commandos and elite operatives. SSG-[N] personnel are often sent to the United States to complete their training with the [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs]] in Colorado and California.

Due to its interminable nature, the SSG-[N] are a classified and clandestine unit and their history of operations has never been released in the public domain. Although the official strength of the unit remains classified, its estimated strength is thought to be between 1000 and 1240 personnel in three regiments.

==Relationships with other service branches==

===Marines===
{{Main article|Pakistan Marines}}

The Navy established the [[Pakistan Marines]] on 1 June 1971, by Admiral S.M. Ahsan, but they were decommissioned in 1974 due to their poor performance. However, after the Navy first reorganised, re-established, and re-visioned itself, proposals to establish Pakistani marines roughly equivalent to the [[United States Marines Corps]] were kept under consideration.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Pakistan Marines and the Navy|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/qasim.htm|work=Pakistan Navy.|publisher=Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> Finally on 14 April 1990, the Pakistan Marines were again re-commissioned in the Navy with about 2,000 men who were drafted<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/05/marine_pakistan_delegation_070519/ Pakistani Marines tour East Coast bases – Marine Corps News, news from Iraq – Marine Corps Times]</ref> with plans to significantly expand the force to the size of a corps of approximately 45,000, by 2015. The Marines are under the control of the Pakistan Navy, using the same naval ranks. They are headquartered at [[PNS Qasim]] in Karachi.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/>

[[File:US Navy 091012-N-8132M-245 Marines assigned to the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (22nd MEU), along with Marines from Kuwait and Pakistan, conduct an amphibious assault demonstration during Exercise Bright Star 2009.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Marines dressed in operational camouflage uniforms, during training with [[United States Marine Corps|United States]] and Kuwaiti counterparts.]]

The first Officer Commanding of the Pakistan Marines was an [[United States Army officer rank insignia|OF-4]] rank officer, Commander M. Obaidullah.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> On 14 April 1990, a marine training base was commissioned to provide security cover to naval assets. The Navy decided to establish the Marines at [[Qasim fort|Kasim Fort]] which was at that time under the operational control of PNS ''Himalaya''. Finally on 25 November 1990, PNS Qasim was commissioned and became the marines' combatant headquarters, initially comprising eight naval officers, 67 [[Chief petty officer]]s and [[petty officer]]s, as well as 43 marine officers.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> The Marines specialise in seaborne operations, using the mobility of the Navy, although they are part of the Navy, not a separate branch. Marines wear camouflage uniforms when deployed to an operational environment but otherwise they wear Navy [[dress uniforms]].<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> The size of the Marines were tripled by Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] who pursued the case of an additional battalion and its development plan. Since its inception, the Pakistan Marines have been deployed in the [[Sir Creek]] region of the Indo-Pakistan borders.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/>

===Coast Guard===
{{Main article|Pakistan Coast Guard|Maritime Security Agency}}
[[File:Pakistan Navy Ships2.jpeg|left|thumb|Pakistan Navy personnel conducting a [[Maritime interdiction|Maritime Interdiction Operation]] exercise with the [[United States Navy]].]]

The Navy also maintains a paramilitary division which prevents federal navy personnel from acting in a law enforcement capacity. The [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA) fulfils the law enforcement role in naval operations. The MSA has the capacity to conduct [[search and rescue]] operations in deep waters of Pakistan.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Maritime Security Agency and the Navy|url=http://www.msa.org.pk/his.html|work=Pakistan Navy.|publisher=Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Agency was established after adopting the genesis at the [[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]] in 1982.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan"/> Pakistan ratified the UN Convention in 1997 but established the MSA on 1 January 1987, for enforcement of national and international laws, policies and conventions at sea.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan"/>
[[File:Parallel steps.jpg|thumb|A unit of Pakistan Navy personnel marching in Karachi.]] The MSA gained its constitutional status in 1994 by the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] and is now placed under the command of the Navy, commanded by an officer of [[Two-star rank|two-star]] rank, a [[Rear-Admiral]].

The [[Pakistan Coast Guard]] serves the same purpose as the Navy but, is a separate branch from it.<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army">{{cite web|last=Pakistan Army|title=Pakistan Coast Guards|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/awpreview/ImageGallery.aspx?GalleryID=46|work=Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army|publisher=Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Coast Guard's duties include relief efforts in the coastal areas of Pakistan, riverine rescue operations, and distribution of [[military rations]].<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/> The Coast Guard does not perform operations in deep waters, rather such operations are performed by the MSA.<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/> However, it uses the mobility of the Pakistan Navy depending on the type of operations it conducts. The Coast Guard is under the command of the [[Pakistan Army]] and contains active-duty army members. It is commanded by a [[two-star rank|two-star]] rank [[Major-General]].<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/>

==Branches==
*Operations
**Above Water Warfare
**Underwater Warfare
**Navigation, Operations and Hydrography
**Communication and Electronic Warfare
*Marine Engineering
**Mechanical/ Propulsion
**Electrical
**Hull/ Shipwright
*Weapon Engineering
**Radio
**Fire Control
**Ordnance
*Air Engineering
**Avionics
**Aerospace
*Logistics
*Medical Service
*Supply Branch
*Special Branch (IT)
*Executive Branch

==Naval fleet==
{{Main article|List of active Pakistan Navy ships}}
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:080713-N-7949W-084 - USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG-60).jpg|thumb|PNS Alamgir]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[File:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[File:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|PNS Badr with [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]]]]

===Frigates===

The names of commissioned combat and non-combat ships of the Pakistan Navy are prefixed with the capital letters "PNS" ("Pakistan Naval Ships"). The names of ships are selected by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]], often to honour important people or places in the history of Pakistan. The offensive surface fleet of the Navy comprises 10 combat ships, including five former [[Royal Navy]] ''Amazon'' class frigates.
PNS Badr has been decommissioned recently. The Navy intends to decommission the ships from their active service between 2010 and 2020. In 2005, the Pakistan Navy ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> This was the semi-nationalized programme that was built under the supervision of the People's Republic of China. The first frigate was built in [[Karachi Shipyard]] and its first lead ship was delivered on 5 April 2008. The [[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate Programme]] successfully ended when the [[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-254 PNS ''Aslat'']] was delivered in July 2011. All four frigates have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, and has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/>

[[File:US Navy 100831-N-8590G-005 Pakistan sailors parade their country's colors during the decommissioning ceremony of USS McInerney (FFG 8) at Naval Station Mayport.jpg|thumb|The frigate PNS ''Alamgir'' (former guided-missile frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]], being handed over to Pakistan Navy on 31 August 2010 at US Naval Station Mayport, Fla.]]

According to Jane's, the Pakistan Navy was expected to place a formal request to the US for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These were to replace their 40-year-old ex-British Type-21 frigates and act as stop-gaps until new Chinese-built F-22P frigates and corvettes are built and commissioned. However, in 2010 only one, the [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|USS McInerney]] — a [[guided missile frigate]], was transferred to the Pakistan Navy, after a $65 million refit. In 2013 the United States Congress "deliberately" placed "impossible" conditions on the transfer of further ships to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140417/DEFREG03/304170028 |title=US Congress Stymies Pakistani Naval Modernization Efforts |last1=ANSARI |first1=USMAN |date=17 April 2014 |website=www.defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |accessdate=17 April 2014}}</ref>

The weapons systems on the Navy's FFG-8 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with limited anti-submarine warfare capability was handed over on 31 August 2010. The ship has been named ''PNS Alamgir'' (FFG-260) after the great Mughal Emperor [[Alamgir I|Alamgir]]. The ship was transferred to Pakistan at Mayport, Florida.

According to Jane's, at the military convention IDEAS 2004, former chief of naval staff Admiral Shahid Karimullah commented that at "least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy." As of 2011, three of the four frigate are larger and superior to the first Chinese F-22P. The frigates are likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability, and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Pakistan Navy is acquiring four Turkish Project MILGEM corvettes agreement signed during the 2017 IDEF defence exhibition in Istanbul, on May 10. According to an announcement from the Turkish Defence Industries Undersecretariat (SSM), the deal is expected to be finalized on June 30, 2017. The 99.5-meter ADA class corvettes that are in service with the Turkish Navy are anti-submarine warfare (ASW) oriented vessels designed to embark ASW/ASUW helicopters and fitted with Harpoon missiles and a 76 mm gun.[http://navaltoday.com/2017/05/11/pakistan-signs-loi-to-acquire-four-milgem-corvettes-from-turkey/]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://navaltoday.com/2017/05/11/pakistan-signs-loi-to-acquire-four-milgem-corvettes-from-turkey/|title=Pakistan signs LOI to acquire four MILGEM corvettes from Turkey|website=Naval Today|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref>

===Corvettes & missile boats===
The Pakistan Navy operates two Jalalat II class and two Jurrat class missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design, and the Jurrat class, which was also locally produced, is considered as an improved version of the Jalalat II class, with better sensors and propulsion.

In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 and two MRTP-15 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33 METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416163254/http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm |date=16 April 2008 }}</ref> both have been delivered. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

Pakistan Navy has also ordered two fast attack craft/missile boats, the 500–600 tons Azmat class, equipped with C802/803 anti ship missiles from China in December 2010. The first boat P1013 PNS Azmat was handed over to Pakistan Navy on 23 April 2012 and 2nd (PNS Dahshat) on 16 August 2012. These are the largest class of missile boats inducted in the Pakistan Navy as of 2012. Pakistan Navy is also, negotiating Milgem class corvettes with Turkey.

===Fleet composition===
This is a list of ship classes in the Pakistan Navy:<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website – Frigates] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516085915/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm |date=16 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website – Missile Boats] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527232149/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm |date=27 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928154252/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm |date=28 September 2006 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Ship
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Origin
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:center; width: 40%;"|Notes
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Frigates]]
|-
| '''[[F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate|F-22P Zulfiqar class]] 
| {{PRC}}{{PAK|Pakistan}}
| '''4'''
| '''2009'''
|PNS Zulfiqar PNS Shamsheer PNS Saif PNS Aslat
|-
| '''[[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|F-260 PNS Alamgir]]
| {{USA}}
| '''1'''
| '''2010'''
| Acquired August 31, 2010.<ref>[http://www.defence.pk/20110322/pns-alamgir-ohp-class-frigate-reach-pakistan/ PNS Alamgir, OHP Class frigate to reach Pakistan [''dead link'']] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104080546/http://www.defence.pk/20110322/pns-alamgir-ohp-class-frigate-reach-pakistan/ |date=4 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Tariq class frigate|Tariq class]]''' 
| {{UK}}
| '''5'''
| '''1990s'''
|[[HMS Amazon|PNS Babur]] [[HMS Active|PNS Shah Jahan]] [[HMS Ambuscade|PNS Tariq]] [[HMS Arrow|PNS Khaibar]] [[HMS Avenger|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Mine hunter|Mine Hunter]]
|-
||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Munsif class]]
| {{PAK}} {{FRA}}
| '''3'''
| '''1988–1997'''
|PNS Munsif (ex French Sagittaire) PNS Muhafiz PNS Mujahid
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Missile boat|Fast Attack Craft]]
|-
|Jalalat II class
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
|
|Indigenously built
|-
|Jurrat class boats
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
| '''2006'''
|Indigenously built
|-
|[[PNS Azmat|Azmat Class]]
| {{PRC}}{{PAK}}
| '''3'''
| '''2013'''
| 2 ships ordered by Pakistan Navy under construction at KSEW.The FAC 3 was launched on 17 September 2016 at Karachi Shipyard and handed over to Pakistan NAvy.The FAC #4 is under construction at KSEW,
|-
|Larkana class
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
|
| First craft ever designed and built indigenously in Pakistan
|-
|MRTP-33
| {{TUR}}
| '''2'''
| '''2007–2008'''
|Two delivered so far.
|-
|MRTP-15
| {{TUR}}
| '''2'''
| '''2006–2008'''
|Two shpis acquired so far.
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Auxiliaries|Auxiliary Vessels]]'''
|-
| [[Type 905 replenishment ship|Fuqing class]]
| {{PRC}}
| '''1'''
| '''1987'''
|Deep water fleet oil replenishment tanker
|-
| [[HNLMS Poolster (A835)|Poolster class]]
| {{NED}}
| '''1'''
| '''1994'''
|Deep water fleet logistics and replenishment ship
|-
|[[Oil tanker|Coastal tankers]]
| {{Pak}}
| '''2'''
| '''1984–1992'''
|Can only operate in [[Green water]], not suitable for [[Blue water]] operations
|-
| [[PNS Behr Paima]]
| {{JAP}}
| '''1'''
| '''1983'''
|Used for coastal survey, collecting marine data
|-
|[[Fleet Tanker]]
| {{PAK}} {{TUR}}
| '''1'''
| '''2016'''
| Contract signed with STM (Turkey) and KSEW(Pakistan) for construction of 1700 ton fleet tanker on 22 Jan 2013. Keel laying ceremony was held on 7 March 2014 and launched on 19th August 2016. Equipped with STOP CIWS and gun system.
|-

|-
|[[Dredging|Dredging Vessel]]
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
| '''2008'''
| 2nd under construction at KSEW.
|-
|Utility Ships
| {{Pak}}
| '''2'''
| '''2011'''
| –
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Training vessel]]
|-
|[[Rah Naward]]
| {{UK}}
| '''1'''
| '''2010'''
|Acquired in 2010 from [[Tall Ships Youth Trust]] at that time the ship was known as [[PNS Rah Naward|Prince William]] she was listed for sale on the open market for 4 Million GBP
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" |[[Hovercraft]]
|-
|[[Griffon 2000TD hovercraft]]
| {{UK}}
| '''12'''
| '''-'''
|Used by the [[Special Service Group Navy|SSGN]] and the [[Pakistan Marines]]
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | Coastal Patrol Boats
|-
| Gulf craft
| {{USA}}
| '''17'''
| '''2010'''
|12 Gulf craft and, 5 patrol boats delivered by USA on 13 Feb 2010 at Karachi.<ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html Gulf Craft boats will guard Pakistan's coast | Gulf Craft Inc | AMEinfo.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210164027/http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html |date=10 February 2009 }}</ref>
|}

===Submarine Command of the Pakistan Navy===
{{See also|Khalid class submarine|Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Naval Dockyard}}
{{quote|text=The programme of (submarine technology transfer) Agosta class submarine, envisages a very high degree of transfer-of-technology, which is bound to benefit the local industry in improving our indigenous capability of building air-independent propulsion, which is a viable substitute of [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear propulsion]]....|sign=[[Rear Admiral]] Gulzaman Malik, Commander of Submarine Service Force, 1999|source=<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>}}
The Submarines Service Force (SSF) is the major command and aggressive command of Pakistan Navy, with primary mission including the commencing of peaceful engagement, surveillance and intelligence management, special operations, precision strikes, battle group operations, and the control of Pakistan's border seas. The Submarine command also takes responsibility to protect country's sea lanes of communication as well as to protect the economical interests, foreign trade and development of the country.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/><ref name="Defence Industry Daily">{{cite news|last=Khaliej Times|title=German Submarine Deal With Pakistan Goes Quiet|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Report-German-Submarine-Deal-With-Pakistan-on-Hold-05432/|accessdate=8 April 2012|newspaper=Defence Industry Daily|date=19 May 2009}}</ref>

[[File:OuessantBrest2005.jpg|thumb|300px|In Picture, the French [[Agosta class submarine|Agosta–70A]] [[French submarine Ouessant|''Ouessant'']] in [[2005 in France|2005]], the [[Agosta class submarine|Agosta 90B (Khalid)]] are much larger than Agosta-70, and powered with [[Air-independent propulsion|Air-independent propulsion]].]]

In mid-2006, the Navy announced its requirement of three new fast-attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its submarine fleet— after retiring the four Daphne Class.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate">{{cite web|last=NIT|title=Pakistan Submarine Capabilities|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-submarine-capabilities/|work=Nuclear Threat Initiatives|publisher=NIT Pakistan Directorate|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> Immediately, the French defence consortium, the [[Direction des Constructions Navales|DCN]], offered its latest export design— the [[Marlin class submarine]]— which is based on the [[Scorpène class submarine]], but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> However, the Navy chose the [[Type 214 submarine]], during the "IDEAS 2008 exhibition", the [[Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft|HDW]] director Walter Freitag told the media that: "The commercial contract has been finalized up to 95%. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months".<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French – Paktribune</ref> However, in 2009, it was reported that the Navy had canceled its plans with HDW, the German government adjourn the deal further deliberation leading the Navy to cancel the contract with HDW while the German government seemed not-interested to transfer the submarine technology to Pakistan. However, the German government insisted that "a final decision should be made soon".<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> In 2012, an undisclosed navy officials confirmed to [[Pakistani media|media and news channels]] that the plan of acquiring German submarines has been scrapped, dismissed as the Navy is no longer interested in the German submarines.

The '''X-Craft''' submarines are charged with carrying out the mine laying, torpedo attacks, frogman operations and commando landing, roughly for special forces operations. Three submarines of this class are operated by the Navy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} In 1985, the [[Italian Navy]] signed an understanding memorandum with the Navy and assisted the Navy to locally built these midget submarines.<ref name="PN XCrafts"/> The Italian defence contractor, the [[Cosmos class submarine|COSMOS]], supervised the first construction of the submarine while other two were built by Pakistan.<ref name="PN XCrafts">{{cite web|last=Pakistan Navy |title=X-Craft Submarines |url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/x-crafts.htm |publisher=PN XCrafts |accessdate=9 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208105519/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/x-crafts.htm |archivedate=8 February 2012 }}</ref>

All of the Navy's submarines have been equipped with [[Anti-ship missile]] (AShM) which can be fired while submerged. The three submarines, the Khalid class, are equipped and capable of firing [[Exocet|Exocet missiles]], while the older Agosta 70A submarines have been equipped with United States [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon missiles]]. The PNS ''Hamza'' submarine has an [[Air-independent propulsion|AIP reactor]], containing the [[Air-independent propulsion#Closed cycle steam turbines|MESMA]] Air Independent Propulsion system, while the PNS ''Khalid'' and PNS ''Saad'' were upgraded with the same MESMA AIP reactor system. The Navy also plans to integrate the [[Boeing Harpoon|Boeing Harpoon Block-II]] missile on to its Agosta-90B submarines; and the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing [[Black Shark torpedo]], an Italian made naval variant.

Since 2001, the Navy has been seeking to enhance its strategic strike and precision capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM).<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/>

Since 1964, the submarines have been active with Pakistan Navy, and five active-duty diesel electric submarines and three midget submarines, MG110, are in [[SSGN]] command.<ref name="PN">Anon. (14 April 2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''. {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hPNTIF3w?url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Submarines
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Origin
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Propulsion
! style="text-align:left; width:34%;"|Comments
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6" | [[Submarines]]
|-
| '''[[Hangor-class Submarine]]''' 
| {{PAK}}
|align=center| '''8'''
| '''2022 to 2028'''
|[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
|The Pakistan government has approved the purchase of eight Submarines at an estimated cost of $5 billion. The deal is confirmed and according to sources the construction process has begun.
According to MoDP Pakistan four submarines will be constructed at KSEW under ToT while the remaining four will be built in China.The sub construction work will start simultaneously in both countries and will be delivered from 2022 to 2028.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1776522/beijing-eyes-bigger-arms-exports-experts-say Beijing eyes bigger arms exports after Pakistan deal, experts say]</ref>
|-
| '''[[Khalid-class submarine]]''' 
[[PNS Khalid (S137)|PNS/M Khalid]] 
[[PNS Saad (S138)|PNS/M Saad]] 
[[PNS Hamza (S139)|PNS/M Hamza]]
| {{PAK}} {{FRA}}
|align=center| '''3'''
| '''1999 to 2008'''
|[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
| PNS ''Khalid'' Build in France delivered since 6 September 1999 PNS ''Saad'' Build in KSEW delivered 13 December 2003 PNS ''Hamza'' Build in KSEW delivered on 26 September 2008.
One Agosta 90B submarine is currently having upgradation at KSEW with Assistance of STM Tukey. Eventually all to be upgraded. Capable of firing Nuclear powered cruise Missile Babur 3.
|-
|'''[[Hashmat-class submarine]]''' [[PNS Hashmat (S135)|PNS/M Hashmat]] [[PNS Hurmat (S136)|PNS/M Hurmat]]
| {{FRA}}
|align=center| '''2'''
| '''1979s'''
|[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric propulsion]] (DEP)
|PNS ''Hashmat'' since 19 February 1979 PNS ''Hurmat'' delivered on 18 February 1980
|-
|'''[[Nuclear submarine|Indigenous Nuclear Submarine]]'''
| {{PAK}}
|align=center|'''1'''
|'''2017-2020 (Projected)'''
|[[Nuclear marine propulsion]] (NMP)
|According to the Navy officials, the project is extremely ambitious, and the first submarine will be locally built in Pakistan. The project is estimated to complete in 5 to 8 years, according to Navy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Star Desk|title=Pakistan Navy to build nuclear submarine|url=http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130418182536/http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 April 2013|accessdate=6 April 2012|newspaper=ARY News|date=10 February 2012}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}
|-
|'''[[Cosmos class submarine|''Cosmos'' Class]]''' X-Craft X-Craft 908B MG 110 Submarine
| {{PAK}} {{ITA}}
|align=center|'''3'''
|1985
|[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric propulsion]] (DEP)
|The ''Cosmos'' class X-Craft submarines are the [[Waves and shallow water|Shallow water]] [[attack submarine]]s (SWAS).{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} All of the submarines were built by Navy locally.<ref name="PN XCrafts"/>
|}

In April 2014, the Pakistan Navy announced that it is in the process of shifting primary operations and naval assets, including its entire fleet of diesel-electric submarines (SSKs), from [[Karachi]] to the [[Jinnah Naval Base]] in [[Ormara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/36959/pakistan-navy-to-shift-submarines-from-karachi-to-ormara|title=Pakistan Navy to shift submarines from Karachi to Ormara|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

===Patrol Craft===

Pakistan currently operates a range of patrol vessels procured from Turkey, China and the USA, as well as some domestically built. They are primarily divided among the 10th Patrol Craft Squadron and the Fast Patrol Craft Squadron.<ref name=paknavyfleet>{{cite web|title=PN DIMENSIONS: SURFACE WARRIORS|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/fleet.html#|website=Pakistan Navy Official Website|publisher=Pakistan Navy|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref>

On 10 June 2015, a formal agreement was signed between the [[Pakistani government]] and the [[China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation|"China Ship Trading Company"]] for the sale of total six patrol boats which will eventually replace the ageing Barkat Class Boats of PMSA.
Of these ships four will be 600ton while two will be 1500 ton. Three (600 ton) and one 1500 ton boats will be built in China, and one 600ton and one 1500 ton at the [[Karachi Shipyard|"Karachi Shipyards and Engineering Works"]]. The contract price was not disclosed but a senior Pakistani official said at least USD 130 million had been allocated.
CSTC (China) has launched two 600 ton boats three months ahead of scheduled time.PMSA Basol is the second ship launced by CSTC.while one 600 ton boat is under construction at KSEW which is expected to be delivered in early 2017.<ref name=janespatcraft>{{cite journal|last1=Bokhari|first1=Farhan|title=Pakistan signs deal with China for six patrol craft|journal=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|date=17 June 2015|volume=52|issue=24|page=17|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref>

==Pakistan Naval Air Arm==
{{Main article|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}
[[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|thumb|A Pakistan Navy P-3C Orion in 2010]]
After realising the naval failure in the 1971 war, the Navy sought to modernise.<ref name="Naval Air Arm, Navy">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Naval Airwar|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/naval_airarm.htm|publisher=Naval Air Arm, Navy|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Navy took the research on using the aircraft at sea in 1971, after the war. Its aerial fighting unit is known as Naval Air Arm (also known as [[Pakistan Naval Aviation|Naval Aviation]]) apart from the PAF. The naval fighter pilot course was introduced by the Navy and trained its fighter pilots at the [[PAF Academy|Pakistan Air Force Academy]], furthermore the navy pilots later went to Combat Commander's School for fighter jet training. Since the 1970s, the naval air arm has become a full-fledged and potent service of the Navy. From 1993 to 1994, the Navy stepped in its efforts in sea-airborne operations when PAF donated and inducted five [[Mirage 5|Mirage 5 ROSE]] fighter jets, later transferred the entire squadron to Navy armed with [[Exocet|Exocet missiles]].<ref name="Repro India Ltd.">{{cite book|last=Anjali|first=Gosh|title=India's Foreign Policy The Pakistan Threat|year=2009|publisher=Repro India Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1025-8|pages=176–180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y32u4JMroQgC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=MIRAGE+5+and+Pakistan+Navy&source=bl&ots=Ic1oORApBI&sig=3prKb5O9VjFQca7uXn_alCal8bg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J-iBT4HLKuTgiAL06u2KAw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=MIRAGE%205%20and%20Pakistan%20Navy&f=true}}</ref> Since then, the Mirage 5 are piloted by the navy fighter pilots after passing the course with PAF Academy and certifying a diploma from a weapons system and combat training school.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Mirage 5 belonged to the PAF as well as operated by the air force, but are piloted by the Navy fighter pilots who are under the command of senior ranking Navy officer.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Westland lynx helicopters have now been removed from active service and a tender has been issued for their removal.<ref>http://www.historyofpia.com/board/october_12/lynx_oct31.jpg</ref>

Pakistan Naval Air Arm Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

==Aircraft inventory==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: left;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left;"|Operational
! style="text-align: left;"|Role
! style="text-align: left;"|Quantity
! style="text-align: left;"|Notes
|-valign="top"
|style="width:170px"| ''' [[P-3C Orion]] [[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|100px]]'''
| 1996
| [[Maritime patrol aircraft|MPA]]
| 7
| Three P-3C Update II.5 aircraft were ordered in 1988 and delivered between 1996 and 1997; one was lost in a crash in October 1999. Seven second-hand P-3C rebuilt to P-3CUP standard were ordered in 2005-2006 and delivered between 2007 and 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan navy planes to get more teeth|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=81365|accessdate=28 March 2014|publisher=expressindia.indianexpress.com|date=14 February 2007}}</ref> A 2011 attack at [[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Airbase]] destroyed two P-3CUP Orion aircraft after which the United States agreed to replace them at a later date.<ref>{{cite news|title=US to replace two P3C Orion aircraft|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/637216/us-to-replace-two-p3c-orion-aircraft|accessdate=28 March 2014|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=17 June 2011}}</ref>
|-valign="top"
| [[Westland Sea King]] [[File:Pakistan Navy Westland Sea King Asuspine-1.jpg|100px]]
| 1974
| [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]], [[Anti-surface warfare|ASuW]], [[Search and rescue|SAR]]
| 6+7 = 13 <ref name="thenews.com.pk">https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/206800-Pakistan-Navy-receives-Sea-King-helicopters</ref>
|Seven additional second-hand Sea Kings procured from the United Kingdom in 2016.<ref>[http://quwa.org/2017/05/25/pakistan-takes-delivery-refurbished-sea-king-helicopters-uk/ The UK hands over 7 refurbished Sea King helicopters to Pakistan]</ref><ref>Lake, Jon. "Westland Sea King: Variant Briefing". World Air Power Journal. Page 130, Volume 25 Summer 1996. London:Aerospace Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-874023-79-1}}. ISSN 0959-7050. pp. 110–135.</ref><ref>http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/seaking/</ref><ref name="thenews.com.pk"/><ref>https://www.geo.tv/latest/143325-uk-handovers-sea-king-helicopters-to-pakistan-navy</ref>
The six older Sea Kings out of which five are over forty years old will be retired.
|-valign="top"
| [[Fokker F27]] [[File:PIA-F27-Lahore-30861.JPG|100px]]
| 1982
| [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]]/Transport
| 5
| Seven acquired in 1980s, five for Navy and two for air force<ref name=OrionGT>{{cite news|title=Pakistan to receive US surveillance P3C Orion this year|url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/758602.shtml|accessdate=9 September 2013|newspaper=[[Global Times]]|date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan to get US surveillance plane this year|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/fb4d113973d662b3fc4d479f86cf4318/pakistan-to-get-us-surveillance-plane-this-year|accessdate=9 September 2013|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)]]|date=28 January 2013}}</ref>
To be retired and replaced with the ATR-72s<ref>https://www.dawn.com/news/776034/aslat-dehshat-to-be-inducted-into-pn-fleet-this-year</ref>
|-valign="top"
| [[Hawker 800]] [[File:Raytheon Hawker-800XP.jpg|100px]]
| 1985
| [[Electronic warfare]]
| 4
| 4 delivered as of 2014.
|-valign="top"
| [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale Alouette III SA-319B]] [[File:Alouette IIICS5.jpg|100px]]
| 1977
| Training, [[Search and rescue|SAR]], Reconnaissance.
| 10<ref>{{cite web|title=Naval Recent Developments|website=http://www.pakakhbar.com/military/navy.html}}</ref>
| 10 delivered as of 2013.
|-valign="top"
| [[Harbin Z-9]] [[File:FS CdG Dauphin.jpg|100px]]
| 2009
| [[anti-submarine warfare]]
| 12
| 12 in service as of 2011.
|-valign="top"
| [[ATR 72|ATR72-212A]] [[File:ATR 72-500 TAROM (YR-ATI)-1.JPG|100px]]
| 2013
| [[Military Transport Aircraft|Transport Aircraft + MPA]]
| 3<ref>{{cite web|title=Recent Naval Developments|website=http://pakakhbar.com/military/navy.html}}</ref>
| Received August 2013. One more additional received in August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Navy gets two ATR 72 aircraft|url=http://dawn.com/news/1036071/navy-gets-two-atr-72-aircraft|accessdate=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Navy ready to counter all threats: naval chief|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C08%5C16%5Cstory_16-8-2013_pg7_14|accessdate=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]]|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Two ATR-72 aircraft inducted in PN fleet|url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/108-pakistan-top-news/131468-two-atr-72-aircraft-inducted-in-pn-fleet.html|accessdate=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[Business Recorder]]|date=15 August 2013}}</ref>
|}

===Pakistan Naval Air Defence===
{{Main article|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}

In 2010, the Navy established another command after launching an air defence system, using the [[infrared homing]] [[man-portable air-defense systems]] (MANPADs) system.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} The new command which is known as Pakistan Naval Air Defence (PNAD) are consisted the members of [[Pakistan Marines]] and Navy's ground officers after the first battalion graduated from the [[Special Service Group|Naval School of Weapon System Engineering]].<ref name="Press Release, PN">{{cite news|title=Pakistan Navy Air Defence System|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JX_uLra0h8|accessdate=9 April 2012|newspaper=Press Release, PN|date=27 December 2010}}</ref> In 2010, the command air-launched and tested its first naval air defence system from [[Sonmiani (space facility)|Sonmiani Terminal]]— a space center of [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission|Space Research Commission]] (SRC) in the North Arabian Sea.<ref name="The News International, March 13, 2010">{{cite news|last=Our Correspondents|title=Pakistan Navy tests weapon system|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=228661&Cat=4&dt=3/13/2010|accessdate=9 April 2012|newspaper=The News International, 13 March 2010|date=13 March 2010}}</ref> Along with the members of Pakistan Marines, the PNAD members are deployed in all over the country to support the marine operations of Pakistan Navy.

*[[FN-6|FN16 Or HY-6 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile]], tested on 25 December 2010 by Naval Marines with a range of 6 km and altitude ~ 3.5 km)
*[[Mistral (missile)|Mistral shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile]], test fired on 25 December 2010 by Naval marines.

==See also==
* [[Hangor-class submarine]]
{{Portal|Pakistan|Military of Pakistan}}
*[[Maritime Security Agency]]
*[[Pakistan Naval Academy]]
*[[Pakistan Navy War College]]
*[[Kalmat Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Ahsan|Ahsan Naval Base]]
*[[Jinnah Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Makran|Makran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Qasim|Qasim Marine Base]]

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|30em}}
;Internet
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947–2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | accessdate=22 June 2005}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.paknavy.gov.pk}}

{{Pakistani Armed Forces}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}
{{Asia topic|Navy of|title=Navies of Asia}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy|*]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1947]]
[[Category:Government of Pakistan]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan federal departments and agencies]]
[[Category:Military of Pakistan]]

Pakistan Navy

2017-10-21T05:36:15Z

Code16: Uncited, no mention of plans to acquire nuclear sub in source cited.

{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name = Pakistan Navy

|image = [[File:Pakistan Navy emblem.svg|100px]]
|caption = Pakistan Navy's Crest
|dates = 14 August 1947 – present
|country = {{PAK}}
|branch =
|type = [[Navy]]
|role =
|size = 30,700 active personnel<ref name="IISS2010"/> 5,000 reserves<ref name="IISS2010"/> 63 [[Pakistan Navy#Fleet composition|ships]] & 101 aircraft<ref name="Flightglobal">[https://d1fmezig7cekam.cloudfront.net/VPP/Global/Flight/Airline%20Business/AB%20home/Edit/WorldAirForces2015.pdf Flightglobal - World Air Forces 2015] (PDF), [[Flightglobal.com]]</ref>
|command_structure = [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] [[Pakistan Armed Forces]]
|garrison = [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Naval Headquarters]] [[Islamabad]], Pakistan
|garrison_label = Naval Headquarters (NHQ)
|nickname = {{lang|ur|پاک بحریہ}} or Pak Navy
|patron =
|motto = Urdu: ''Himmat ka aalam, Allah ka karam, Moujon pay qadam''English: "Of courage, God's grace, Pay foot waves"
|colors = Navy blue and White {{color box|#041A2A}}{{color box|white}}
|colors_label = Colours
|march =
|mascot =
|equipment =
|equipment_label =
|battles = <div style="width: 220px;"> [[Indo-Pakistan war of 1965]] [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1999]] [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|2004 Tsunami Relief Operations]] [[2010 Pakistan floods|Operation Madad]] [[Piracy in Somalia|Operations Near the HOA]] [[War in North-West Pakistan]] [[Balochistan conflict]]
|anniversaries = Navy Day is on 8 September
|decorations = [[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan military|Military]] and [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Civil decorations]] of [[Pakistan]].
|battle_honours =[[Nishan-e-Haider]]

|website ={{URL|www.paknavy.gov.pk}}
|commander1 = [[Admiral]] [[Zafar Mahmood Abbasi]]
|commander1_label = [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]]
|commander2 =
|commander2_label =
|commander3 =
|commander3_label =
|notable_commanders = Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]

|identification_symbol=[[File:Naval Standard of Pakistan.svg|border|125px]]
|identification_symbol_label=Standard (flag) of the Navy
|identification_symbol_2=[[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|125px]]
|identification_symbol_3=[[File:Naval Ensign of Pakistan.svg|border|125px]]
|identification_symbol_4 =
|identification_symbol_2_label=Naval Jack of Pakistan
|identification_symbol_3_label=Naval Ensign of Pakistan
|identification_symbol_4_label =

|aircraft_attack =
|aircraft_bomber =[[Mirage 5]]
|aircraft_electronic =[[Hawker 800|Hawker 850–XP]]
|aircraft_fighter =
|aircraft_helicopter =[[Westland Sea King]], [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]], [[Harbin Z-9]]
|aircraft_interceptor =
|aircraft_patrol = [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|Lockheed P-3C Orion]], [[Fokker F27 Friendship|Fokker F27-2000]], [[Breguet Atlantic|Breguet Atlantique I]], [[ATR-72-500]]
|aircraft_recon =[[GIDS Uqab]], [[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle|Boeing ScanEagle]], [[EMT Luna X-2000|EMT Luna X]]
|aircraft_trainer =
|aircraft_transport =
}}

The '''Pakistan Navy''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq| '''پاکستان بحریہ'''}}}}; {{lang|ur-Latn|''Pɑkistan Bahri'a''}}) ([[reporting name]]: '''PN''') is the [[naval warfare]] branch of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]], responsible for [[Pakistan]]'s {{Convert|1046|km|sigfig=3}} of coastline along the [[Arabian Sea]], and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases. The Pakistan Navy came into the existence after the [[Independence of Pakistan|independence]] of Pakistan in 1947. The [[President of Pakistan]] serves as the Supreme Commander of the Navy under Article 243 (2) of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]], and the Chief of Naval Staff heads the Navy. [[Navy Day]] is celebrated on 8 September in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm Pakistan Times | Top Story: Defence Day in Pakistan today; President, PM ask nation to imbibe spirit of ’65 War] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214201007/http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm |date=14 February 2009 }}</ref>

The Pakistan Navy's current and primary role is to protect the country's economic and military interests at home and abroad, executing the foreign and defence policies of the [[Government of Pakistan]] through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic activities and other activities in support of these objectives.<ref name="Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs">{{cite web| last =Pakistan Navy| title =Pakistan Navy: Roles and Function| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)| publisher =Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs| date =18 March 2008| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk| doi =| accessdate =2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| last =Khan, Pakistan Navy (retired), current research officer at Pakistan Naval War College| first =Commander Muhammad Azam| title =Options for Pakistan Navy: § Pakistan Navy: A sentinel for energy and economic security| journal =| volume = | issue = | page =7 | publisher =Commander Muhammad Azam Khan, retired. Current, research officer at the Pakistan Naval War College| location =[[United States Naval Academy]]| year =2011| url =https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:07Y3Irx3AO8J:www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/cc6209f2-7f01-4bb7-ac24-8c301c62f015/S-2--Options-for-the-Pakistan-Navy+pakistan+navy+in+space+program&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiCaTe2oeJ2JwqKQE0UX8j-cw-UPdVfozoMAwRfsYewXAXeayLVIPxn2TyMVcGTW9A_BdSqACZjpRhb8_u-EfL-kslbz7CXPTIr9PZBtAguv97XWyY4K4fsg2utDUL8dmXdtmjg&sig=AHIEtbTIXTgr9LKaJv5Fbgnj_ftn-1MQzw| accessdate = }}</ref> In the 21st century, the Pakistan Navy also focuses on limited overseas operations, and has played a vital role in the establishment of the [[Pakistan Antarctic Programme]].<ref>Mills, J.M. (2003). Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia. 1 (A–M). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.</ref><ref>{{cite web| last =PN| first =Pakistan Navy| authorlink =| coauthors =| title =Pakistan Navy: Hydrography| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)| publisher =Pakistan Navy Department of National Research and Hydrography| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/hydro/h_intro.htm| doi =| accessdate =2011 }}</ref>

The Pakistan Navy is supported by the [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], and the [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA), the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

The Navy is undergoing extensive [[Pakistan Navy#Frigates|modernisation and expansion]] as part of [[Pakistan's role in the War on Terror]]. Since 2001, the Pakistan Navy has increased and expanded its operational scope, and has been given greater national and international responsibility in countering the threat of sea-based global terrorism, drug smuggling, and piracy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} In 2004, Pakistan Navy became a member of the primarily [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] Combined Task Forces [[CTF-150]] and [[CTF-151]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page%3D2009%5C07%5C21%5Cstory_21-7-2009_pg7_29 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-06-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235725/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C07%5C21%5Cstory_21-7-2009_pg7_29 |archivedate=2 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> The [[China-Pakistan Economic Corridor]] has significantly expanded the role of the navy, joint patrols with the Chinese navy as well as providing land and sea-based security to secure shipping lanes has become a priority.<ref>https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2016/11/pakistan-navy-providing-security-to-cpec-ships/</ref><ref>https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/two-chinese-frigates-arrive-pakistan-for-joint-drills-pakistan-navy/</ref> From December 2016 Pakistan's Navy established TF-88 a taskforce that is designed to ensure there is security for maritime trade, this will guard the shipping lane routes by protecting Gwadar Port.<ref>http://www.dawn.com/news/1302102/pakistan-navys-special-task-force-88-set-up-to-guard-gwadar-ports-sea-lanes</ref><ref>https://www.geo.tv/latest/123558-Pakistan-Navy-establishes-taskforce-for-Gwadars-protection</ref> The Pakistan Navy is the custodian of Pakistan's second strike capability with the launch of the submarine-based cruise missiles capable of carrying conventional as well as nuclear warheads.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-missiles-idUSKBN14T1EL</ref>

The [[Constitution of Pakistan]] makes the [[President of Pakistan]] the civilian Commander-in-Chief. The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), by statute a four star admiral, is appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. The Chief of Naval Staff is subordinate to the civilian [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] and [[Defence Secretary of Pakistan|Secretary of Defence]], and commands the Navy.

==History==
{{quote|text= [[Fourteenth of August|Today]] is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The [[Dominion of Pakistan]] has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force|sign=[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the [[Quaid-e-Azam|founder]] of [[Pakistan]], addressing the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|Naval Academy]] in March 1948.|source=<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference"/> }}

The Pakistan Navy came into existence on the [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|Fourteenth of August]], 1947 with the [[Creation of Pakistan|establishment]] of the [[State of Pakistan]].<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference">{{cite web|last=GoPAK|first=Government of Pakistan|title=History|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm|work=Electronic Government of Pakistan|publisher=Pakistan Navy, Historical reference|accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the shares and assets of the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) between the [[India and Pakistan]], with the Royal Pakistan Navy (RPN) was inherited with two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbour launches.{{rp|45–46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Because of the high percentage of [[river delta|delta]] areas on its coast, Pakistan also received a number of [[Harbour Defence Motor Launch|harbour defence motor launches]]. As part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], the prefix "Royal" was used until the state was proclaimed a republic in 1956.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference"/>

The Navy endured a difficult history, only 200 officers and 3000 sailors were inherited to the Navy, the most senior being [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[HMS Choudri]] who had little experience in [[military staff]]ing.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The Navy suffered perennial problems with inadequate staff, lack of operational bases, lack of financial support, and poor technological and personnel resources.{{rp|45}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Secondly, it grew out as the smallest [[Pakistan military|uniform branch]] that contributed in its lack of importance in [[Ministry of Finance, Revenue, Economic Affairs, Statistics and Privatization (Pakistan)|federal budgets]] as well as the problems relating to its institutional infrastructure.{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The [[Pakistan Army|Army]] and the [[Pakistan Air Force|Air Force]] were the dominant force where the defence problems were based wholly on army and air force point of view.{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> There were additional problems relating to the navy were the lack of facilities and maintenance machinery as the only [[naval dockyard]] in [[Indian Subcontinent|subcontinent]] was located in [[Bombay Dockyard|Bombay]] in [[India]].{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

To overcome these difficulties, the Navy launched a recruitment program for the young nation, starting in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]] but it proved to be very difficult to sustain the program; therefore, was moved back to [[Pakistan]] to concentrate the preferred recruitments for the [[West Pakistani|Western Pakistanis]].{{rp|46}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Furthermore, the Navy's procurement was greatly determined by its war role and had to struggle for a role for itself throughout its history from its existence.{{rp|66}}<ref name="Springer, Siddiqa-Agha">{{cite book|last1=Siddiqa-Agha|first1=A.|title=Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230513525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beJ8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=Fasih+Bokhari+1990s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2r4fO8cfRAhURyGMKHXIPCIoQuwUIHTAA#v=onepage&q=Fasih%20Bokhari%201990s&f=false|accessdate=17 January 2017|language=en}}</ref>

===The beginning: 1947–64===
{{Main|United Kingdom-Pakistan relations|l1=Pakistan-United Kingdom military relations|Pakistan-United States military relations|Indo-Pakistani war of 1947|British Admiralty|Military Advisory Assistance Group}}
[[File:Shamsher Pakistan SLV Green 1951.jpg|thumb|left|350px|The [[frigate]] [[HMS Nadder (K392)|PNS ''Shamsher'']] in 1951.]]

During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] with [[India]] in 1947–48, the Navy saw no action as all fighting was restricted to [[Land Warfare|land]] and [[Air warfare|air]] combat missions. On operational planning, Captain [[HMS Choudri]] engaged on commanding a destroyer from [[Karachi]] to [[Mumbai]] to oversee the evacuation of [[Muhajir people|Indian emigrants]] to Pakistan.{{rp|474}}<ref name="W. W. Norton & Company">{{cite book|last1=Read|first1=Anthony|last2=Fisher|first2=David|title=The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=9780393318982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9ebuSG64dkC&pg=PA474&dq=HMS+choudhri&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMnNnu-IvQAhVMxWMKHZ87DCcQuwUIJzAB#v=onepage&q=HMS%20choudhri&f=false|accessdate=3 November 2016|language=en}}</ref> In 1948, Pakistan Navy engaged in humanitarian missions to evacuate [[Indian immigrant]]s trapped in disputed and hostile areas, with its frigates operating continuously.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]], [[Rear-Admiral]] [[James Wilfred Jefford]], had created a "Short-term Emergency Plan (STEP)" to work up the frigates and naval defences in case of escalation of the war at sea.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1948, the directorate-general for [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]] (DGNI), a staff corps, was established under [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], who served as its first Director-General, in Karachi.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> When the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|first war]] came to an end in 1948, the Navy temporarily established its [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] in Karachi and acquired its first [[O and P class destroyer|O Class destroyer]] from the [[Royal Navy]].{{rp|49}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

The Pakistan Navy heavily relied its dependency on generous donations from the [[Royal Navy]] with two battle destroyers, the [[PNS Tippu Sultan (1941)|PNS ''Tippu Sultan'']] and ''[[PNS Tariq (1941)|PNS Tariq]]''.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=PakDef Military Consortium|title=The First Destroyer «|url=http://pakdef.org/the-first-destroyer/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=PakDef Military Consortium|accessdate=14 November 2016}}</ref> The ''Tippu Sultan'' was commissioned on 30 September 1949, under Commander P.S. Evans, whilst the ''Tariq'' was placed under the command of [[Lieutenant-Commander]] [[Afzal Rahman Khan]].<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/> The two destroyers formed the 25th Destroyer Squadron as the [[HMIS Narbada (U40)|PNS ''Jhelum'']] and [[HMS Onslaught (G04)|PNS ''Tughril'']], under Commander [[Muzaffar Hassan|Muzaffar Hasan]], also joined the Royal Pakistan Navy.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/>

In 1950, the Navy's [[Nationalization in Pakistan|nationalization]] took place when many officers from the air force and army volunteered to join the navy and [[Noncommissioned officer|NCOs]] gaining commission as an officers.{{rp|50–51}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Support from the army and air force to the navy led to the establishment of logistics and maintenance machinery with vigorous efforts directed towards integrating the navy presence in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]], thereby creating opportunities for people in East-Pakistan to participate in the build-up.{{rp|51}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

In 1951, the [[Pakistan Government|Pakistan government]] called for appointing native chiefs of staff of the armed branches but it was not until 1953 when a native chief of naval staff was appointed by the government.{{rp|51–52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The British [[Admiralty]], however, maintained the command of the Navy through [[Rear-Admiral]] [[James Wilfred Jefford|Jefford]] who had native deputy chiefs of staff including [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[HMS Choudri|HMS Choudhri]], Commodore Khalid Jamil, and [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] M.A. Alavi.{{rp|51–52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

[[File:HMS Gabbard (D47).jpg|thumb|300px|right|PNS ''Badr'', a destroyer visiting [[Great Britain|Britain]], 1957.]]

During this time, a number of goodwill missions were carried out by the navy's combatant ships, and non-combat missions were conducted under the auspices of the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium" /> In 1951, HMS Choudhri's promotion papers as naval chief were approved by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] but it was not until 1953 when HMS Choudhri was promoted as [[Vice-Admiral]] and naval chief with the support from [[Army Chief of Staff (Pakistan)|army chief]] [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]].{{rp|52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> He handed over the command of 25th Destroyer squadron to a [[People of Poland|Polish]] naval officer, Commander [[:pl:Romuald Nalecz-Tyminsk|Romuald Nalecz-Tyminski]].<ref name="Polish Spirit">{{cite web|title=Admiral Romuald Nalecz-Tyminski|url=http://www.federacjapolek.ca/nowy/image/2009_images/polish_spirit_persons/nalecz-tyminski.pdf|website=federacjapolek.ca|publisher=Polish Spirit|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

In the mid 1950s, the [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Ministry of Finance]] awarded contracts to the [[Corps of Engineers, Pakistan Army|Corps of Engineers]] for the construction of the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]].<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> In 1954, several efforts were made to procure a [[CH class submarine|Ch-submarine]] from the [[Royal Navy]] but was rejected by Admiralty who agreed to loan the [[Ch class destroyer|Ch-class destroyer]], the [[HMS Chivalrous (R21)|HMS Chivalrous]], which was designated as [[HMS Chivalrous (R21)|PNS Taimur]].{{rp|51–52}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> From 1953–56, HMS Choudri bitterly negotiated with the [[United States]] over the modernization of the navy and convinced the [[United States government|U.S. government]] to provide monetary support for modernization of aging [[O and P-class destroyer|O–class]] destroyers and minesweepers, while commissioning the [[C-class destroyer (1943)|Ch–class]] destroyers from [[Royal Navy|British Navy]].{{rp|54}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> [[British Navy]] tradition were disbanded and cancelled when the [[American Navy|U.S. Navy]]'s [[Military Assistance Advisory Group|advisers]] were dispatched to the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani military]] in 1955.<ref name="Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=Hamid Hussain|title=Tale of a love affair that never was: United States-Pakistan Defence Relations|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/june/loveaffair.htm|work=Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan|publisher=Hamid Hussain, Defence Journal of Pakistan|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref>

In 1956, the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]] voted for promulgation of [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|Constitution of Pakistan]] and proclaimed the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] as an [[Islamic Republic]] under the new constitution.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped, and the service was re-designated the Pakistan Navy ("'''PN'''") with the [[Naval jack|PN Jack]] replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the [[White Ensign]] respectively.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> The order of precedence of the three services changed from Navy–Army–Air force to Army–Navy–Air Force.<ref name="AuthorHouse, 2013">{{cite book|last1=Fagoyinbo|first1=Joseph Babatunde|title=The Armed Forces: Instrument of Peace, Strength, Development and Prosperity|date=2013|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=1477226478|pages=473|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM0uxPH8RasC&pg=PA390&dq=army+navy+airforce+marines+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_FqqVM23GomcoQTfgILYDA&ved=0CCkQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=army%20navy%20airforce%20marines%20pakistan&f=true|accessdate=5 January 2015|format=Google Books|chapter=§The birth of Pakistan Armed Forces}}</ref>

In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced the transfer of several major surface combat warships to Pakistan Navy that included a cruiser and four destroyers to be purchased with funds made available under the U.S. [[Military Assistance Program]].{{rp|54}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1957, the Navy finalized the sale of sale of [[HMS Diadem (84)|cruiser]] warship from the United Kingdom, and used the government's own fund to induct the warship that caused a great ire against [[Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri|Admiral Choudhr]]i by the [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Finance ministry]] in the country.{{rp|55}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Goldrick"/>

In 1958, the Navy made an unsuccessful attempt to induct the [[Neptun-class submarine|imported submarines]] from [[Sweden]] using the American funds that was halted by the [[United States]] and the Pakistan's own [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Finance ministry]] despite the fact that the idea had support from [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Army GHQ]].{{rp|57}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1958–59, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staff began fighting with the [[GHQ (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]] staff and the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) over the plans regarding the modernization of the navy that resulted in bitter [[interservice rivalry]] between army and navy which ended with Admiral Choudri's resignation to the [[Aiwan-e-Sadr|Presidency]] in 1959.{{rp|57}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> From 1956–63, the warships, two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers, and an oiler were procured from the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]] as a direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-Communist defence pacts: the [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]].<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 and afterwards===
{{Main article|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Operation Somnath|PNS Ghazi|l3=1967 PNS Ghazi's circumnavigation}}

In 1959, Vice-Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] was appointed the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|naval chief]] and built-up his relations with [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] whilst the Navy retained hopes for procuring a submarine despite financial constraints.{{rp|58–59}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The [[Royal Navy]] accepted the requests from the Pakistan Navy for a regular visit to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]] to provide first hand experience in submarine operations in 1960–61.{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] did not increase the financial funding of the navy at the expense to army and air force but he did not object to American contributions to train the Pakistan Navy in submarine operations.{{rp|59}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] provided an insightful and crucial training support to Pakistan Navy enabling it to conduct operations in long range and the proposal of procuring the submarine was met with favourable views in 1963 due to the prospect of [[Soviet Navy]] leasing a submarine to [[Indian Navy]].{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> In 1963, the [[United Kingdom]] began providing training and education on submarine operations, and in 1964, the [[PNS Ghazi]] was commissioned from the United States.{{rp|58}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" />

Even though, the navy nor air force was notified of the [[Operation Gibraltar|Kashmir incursion]] in 1965, the Navy was well-prepared at the time when the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] erupted between Pakistan and India in 1965.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors">{{cite book|last=Goldrick|first=James|title=No Easy Answers|year=1997|publisher=Lancer's Publications and Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=1-897829-02-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XW7kKHQeQoC&pg=PA45&dq=Pakistan+Navy&hl=en&ei=SpWDT4GQFfLciQKs05zzBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=8&ved=0CFQQ6wEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=true}}</ref> The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|naval chief]] Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] ordered all units of the Pakistan Navy to take up defensive positions off the coast, but did not order any offensive operations in the [[Bay of Bengal]].{{rp|60–61}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> As the [[Indian Air Force]]'s repeated sorties and raids disrupted [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]] operations, the Navy assumed a more aggressive role in the conflict.{{rp|61}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> On 2 September, the Navy deployed its first long-range submarine, the [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] under [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] [[Karamat Rahman Niazi|K.R. Niazi]] which was charged with gathering intelligence on Indian naval movements that stalked the diverting threats posed by the aircraft carrier [[INS Vikrant (R11)|INS ''Vikrant'']].<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef">{{cite web|last1=Usman|first1=Tariq|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=Usman Tariq Pakdef|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Ussdiablo.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[PNS Ghazi]] in [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|1965 theatre]]. In 1968, she executed a [[circumnavigation]] of [[Africa]] and [[Southern Europe]] in order to be refit in Turkey. Sunk in 1971 under mysterious circumstances.]]

On the night of 7/8 September, a naval squadron comprising four destroyers, one frigate, one cruiser, and one submarine, under the command of Commodore S.M. Anwar, launched [[Operation Dwarka]], an attack on radar facilities used by the Indian Air Force in the small coastal town of [[Dwarka]].<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef"/> The operation ended with limited damage to the area.<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef"/> After gunnery bombardment, the ''[[PNS Ghazi|Ghazi]]'' was deployed against the Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] on 22 September and ended her operations and reported back to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]] on 23 September 1965.<ref name="Usman Tariq Pakdef"/>

The [[Operation Dwarka|naval operation]] in Dwarka had greatly increased the prestige of the Pakistan Navy and it had also alerted Indian Navy commanders to the significant threat posed by the Pakistan Navy, and to its own naval shortcomings.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> After the war, the [[United States]] imposed an arms embargo on Pakistan and Pakistani military began exploring options for military procurement from [[Peoples Republic of China|China]], [[France]], and [[Soviet Union]].{{rp|62}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The [[United Kingdom]] offered the Navy to jointly built the [[Type 21 frigate]] but was rejected by [[President Ayub Khan|Ayub administration]] that would only allow the financial capital to be spent on submarine procurement.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

In 1966, the Pakistan Navy established its own [[special operations]] directorate, the [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSG[N]) after the recommendations from the [[United States Navy]].<ref name="Global Security.org">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title =Navy Special Forces | work = Global Security.org | publisher = | date = | url =http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Pakistan/SSGN.htm | accessdate =29 June 2011}}</ref> In 1966–70, Pakistan Navy had been well aware of massive [[Future of the Indian Navy|procurement and acquisitions]] of [[Weapon systems of the Indian Navy|weapon systems]] being acquired from the [[Soviet Union]] and [[United Kingdom]], and the danger it will posed to Pakistan.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1968–69, there were series of unsuccessful talks of acquiring the warships from the [[Soviet Navy]] which ended with no yielding results.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Difficulties arose between and after the arms embargo was lifted by the United States which lifted based strictly on [[Cash and carry (wholesale)|cash-and-carry]] basis.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Pleas for strengthening the Navy in [[East Pakistan]] were ignored due to monetary issues and financial contraints restricted the Navy's capabilities to function more efficiently.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

In 1968, the [[Daphné-class submarine|Daphné-class]] submarines were procured from the [[France]] while operating [[Tench class submarine|Tench class]] that was refitted and upgraded by the [[Turkish Navy]].{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Due to the Egyptian blockade of the [[Suez Canal]], Navy had to execute a notable submerged [[circumnavigation]] operation from [[Indian ocean]] through the [[Atlantic ocean]] in order to undergo a refit program at the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard|Gölcük]] in [[Turkey]] which was the only facility to manage the [[refit]]ting and [[Mid-life update|mid-life upgrades]] of [[military computers]] of the [[Tench-class submarine|Tench-class]].<ref name="DefenceJournal, Ahmed" /> Despite reservations harboring by the Navy NHQ about the aging ''Ghazi'', she was sailed under the command of Commander [[Ahmed Tasnim]] starting from the [[Karachi coast]] in [[Indian ocean]] to [[Cape of Good Hope]], [[South Africa]], through the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and ended at the east coast of the [[Sea of Marmara]] where the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]] was located.<ref name="DefenceJournal, Ahmed" />

In 1968–69, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staff began its tussle with the [[AHQ (Pakistan Air Force)|Air AHQ]] staff over the issue establishing the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|naval aviation]] who feared the loss of fighter jets and their pilots in the sea and was hostile towards this idea.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The United States entered in discussing the transfer of [[List of Lockheed P-3 Orion variants|P3B Orion]] aircraft to the Navy in 1970 with [[President Yahya Khan|Yahya administration]] but were not procured until the end of the 1970s.{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1970, the [[foreign relations]] between Pakistan and East Pakistan further deteriorated and the Navy knew that it was impossible to defend East Pakistan from approaching [[Indian Navy]].{{rp|63}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Series of reforms were carried when Navy's serious reservations were considered by the [[President Yahya Khan|Yahya administration]] and [[East Pakistani]]s were hastily recruited in what was known as [[Bangladesh Navy|East Pakistan Navy]] but this proved to be disaster for Navy when majority of East Pakistani naval officers and ~3,000 sailors [[Operation Jackpot|defected to India]] to join the [[Awami League]]'s military wing– the ''[[Mukti Bahini]]''.{{rp|64–65}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Such events had jeopardized the operational scope of the Navy and the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staffers and commanders knew very well that it (Navy) was ill-prepared for the war and Pakistan was about to have a sharp lesson from India in the consequences of disconnecting strategy from reality.{{rp|65}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
{{Main article|Operation Barisal|Operation Jackpot|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}

By 1971, the [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] staffers and their commanders knew very well that the Pakistan Navy was poorly represented in [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]) and there was no main infrastructure to conduct defensive operation against the [[Eastern Naval Command]] of [[Indian Navy]] in [[Bay of Bengal]].{{rp|64}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> The navy was only able conducted the [[Riverine Warfare|riverine]]-based operations that was being undertaken by the [[Pakistan Marines]] with the assistance from the [[Special Service Group Navy|Special Service Group [Navy] ]], codenamed [[Operation Barisal|Barisal]] in April 1971.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference" /> Although, the Governor of East Pakistan, Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S.M. Ahsan]], made efforts to increase the naval presence and significance in 1969 but the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command continued to pose a significant threat since it had capability of conduct operations in long-range areas.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations">{{cite book|last=Salik, PA|first=Siddique|title=Witness to Surrender|publisher=Inter Services Public Relations|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=984-05-1374-5|pages=60–90}}</ref>

Furthermore, the defections from [[Bangladesh Navy|East-Pakistan Navy]]'s officers and sailors had jeopardize the Navy's operational scope who went onto join the [[Awami League]]'s militant wing, the ''[[Mukti Bahini]]'' in a program known as ''Jackpot''.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/> Though, the program was disrupted by the Navy from further annihilation but the naval facilities were severely damaged due to this operation on 15 March 1971.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/> The [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]]'s geography was surrounded by India on all three landward sides by the [[Indian Army]] as the Navy was in attempt to prevent India from blocking the coasts.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/>

During this time, the [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]] was housed in [[Karachi]] that decided to deploy the newly [[Mid-life update|MLU]] [[PNS Ghazi|''Ghazi'']] submarine on East while the [[PNS Hangor|''Hangor'']] in West for the intelligence gathering purposes.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/>

{{quote|text=At the end of East-Pakistan crisis.... We (Pakistan Navy, Eastern Command) had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force pounding us day and night.... |sign=Admiral Mohammad Sharif, to U.S. Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt|Zumwalt]] in 1971|source=.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions">{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Admiral Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|year=1995|publisher=Lancer's Publishers and Distributions|location=United States|isbn=1-897829-11-6|pages=218–230|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&pg=PA218&dq=admiral+mohammad+shariff&hl=en&ei=KFjyTsLUO4SjiALD64ynCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=admiral%20mohammad%20shariff&f=false}}</ref>}}

[[File:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|left|290px|[[USS Wiltsie (DD-716)|PNS ''Nazim'']], which previously took part in the [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]] and [[Korean War]]s in the US Navy as USS ''Wiltsie'' (DD-716).]]

With no naval aviation service to guard the [[Karachi port]], the Indian Navy launched a naval attack, [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]], consisting of 3 Soviet-built [[Osa class missile boat|Osa class]] [[missile boat]]s escorted by two [[anti-submarine]] patrol vessels on 4 December 1971.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> Nearing Karachi's port area, they launched [[SS-N-2 Styx]] anti-ship missiles, which the obsolescent Pakistan naval warships had no viable defense against.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal">{{cite web|last1=Tiwana|first1=M.A. Hussain|title=The Angry Sea|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/nov98/angrysea.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=November 1998}}</ref> Two of the warships, the [[PNS Muhafiz|PNS ''Muhafiz'']] and [[PNS Khyber|PNS ''Khyber'']], were both sunk, while [[PNS Shahjahan|PNS ''Shahjahan'']] was damaged beyond repair.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> Outcomes were stunning for both sides with Pakistan suffering the loss of imported warships, and while India sustaining no damages to their attacking squadron.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/>

On 8 December 1971, the ''[[PNS Hangor|Hangor]]'' led by its [[Commander (rank)|Commander]] [[Ahmed Tasnim]], sank the Indian frigate [[INS Khukri (1958)|INS ''Khukri'']] off the coast of Gujarat, India.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> This was the first sinking of a warship by a submarine since [[World War II]], and resulted in the loss of 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian Navy while the inflicting severe damages to another warship, INS ''Kirpan'', by the same submarine.<ref name="gs">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm|title=Hangor Class (Fr Daphn|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Pakistan Air Force that now acted as naval aviation made several attempts to counter the Indian [[missile boat]] threat by carrying out the aerial bombing raids over Okha harbour, the forward base of the missile boats.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/> The Indian Navy retaliated with an attack on the Pakistani coast, named ''[[Operation Python]]'', on the night of 8 December 1971. when a small [[flotilla]] of Indian vessels, consisting of a missile boat and two frigates, approached Karachi and launched a missile attacks that sanked the Panamanian vessel Gulf Star, the ''PNS Dacca'', and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were damaged.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal"/>

The ''Python'' was a complete success for the Indian Navy, and a psychological trauma for Pakistan Navy, the human and material cost severely cutting into its combat capability, nearly 1,700 sailors perished at the barracks.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi">{{cite web|last=IN|first=Indian Navt|title=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/History/1971War/44-Attacks-On-Karachi.html|work=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|publisher=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> Civilian pilots from the [[Pakistan International Airlines]] volunteered to conduct air surveillance missions with the [[PAF]], but this proved less than helpful when they misidentified a Pakistan Navy frigate, [[PNS Zulfiqar (K265)|PNS ''Zulfikar'']], as an Indian missile boat.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> The PAF planes made several attack runs before finally identifying the ''Zulfikar'' by the Navy NHQ.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> The friendly attack resulted in further loss of navy personnel, as well as the loss of the ship, which was severely damaged and the Pakistan Navy's operational capabilities were now virtually extinct, and morale plummeted.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> Indian Navy observers who watched the raid nearby later wrote in their [[War diary|war logs]] that the "PAF pilots failed to recognize the difference between a large PNS ''Zulfikar'' frigate and a relatively small Osa missile boat."<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> After the friendly attack, all naval surface operations came to a halt under the orders of chief of naval staff.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/>

The Navy's only long range submarine, ''[[PNS Ghazi|Ghazi]]'', was deployed to the area but, according to neutral sources, it sank en route under mysterious circumstances.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y#v=onepage&q=PNS%20Ghazi&f=false Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-first Century - Geoffrey Till - Google Boeken]</ref> Pakistani authorities state that it sank either due to internal explosion or detonation of mines which it was laying at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-12/india/28288237_1_submarine-ins-rajput-eastern-naval-command|work=TOI website|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=12 May 2010|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref> The Indian Navy claims to have sunk the submarine.<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=25 May 2010|quote= On December 9, the Navy announced that they had sunk the Ghazi on December 4, after the start of the war. Later, officers were decorated for their role and the offensive action of their ships in the sinking of the Ghazi. After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi. The log of the Ghazi was recovered and the last entry as far as I can recall was on November 29, 1971. Sadly, that too has been destroyed. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd) 'Does the US want war with India?' |last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=26 March 2010|location=India}}</ref>

The submarine's destruction enabled the Indian Navy to enforce a blockade on then East Pakistan.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= 16 May 2005 }}</ref> According to the defence magazine, ''Pakistan Defence Journal'', the attack on Karachi, Dhaka, Chittagong and the loss of ''Ghazi'', the Navy no longer was able to match the threat of Indian Navy as it was already outclassed by the Indian Navy after the 1965 war.<ref name="M.A. Hussain Tiwana Defence Journal" />

The damage inflicted by the Indian Navy and [[Indian Air Force]] on the PN stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol craft belonging to the [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, and large-scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships; Anwar Baksh, Pasni and Madhumathi;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm|title=Chapter-39|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name=Orbat>{{cite web|title=Damage Assessment – 1971 INDO-PAK Naval War |work=B. Harry |url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=16 May 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030235952/http://www.orbat.com:80/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |archivedate=30 October 2005 |df=dmy }}</ref> Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]].<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225045411/http://www.aeronautics.ru:80/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | dead-url=yes | archive-date=25 February 2002 | accessdate=30 May 2005}}</ref> The Indian Navy lost 18 officers and 176 sailors<ref name="gs"/><ref>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=153894 Express India]</ref> and a frigate, while another frigate was damaged and a [[Breguet Alizé]] naval aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]].

According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], the Pakistan Navy lost half its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book | author=Tariq Ali | author-link=Tariq Ali | year=1983 | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books | page=95 | isbn=0-14-02-2401-7 |quote=In a two-seek war, Pakistan lost half its navy.}}</ref> Despite the limited resources and manpower, the Navy performed its task diligently by providing support to inter-services (air force and army) until the end.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad">{{cite book|last=Shariff, PN|first=Admiral Mohammad|title=Admiral's Diary: Battling through stormy sea life for decades|year=2010|publisher=The Army Press, Islamabad|page=415|url=http://dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost/}}</ref> The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy, or the military in general, in East Pakistan.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to an adversary.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

===Cold war operations and post cold war: 1972–1998===
{{See also|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh|Operation United Shield|Operation Parakram|Soviet war in Afghanistan|Revolt of the Admiral}}
{{quote|text=Pakistan fully endorse the requirements of a strong navy, capable of safeguarding Pakistan's sea frontiers and her Lines of Communication, monitoring and protecting her exclusive economic zone. Continuous efforts are at hand to provide the best available equipment to the Navy despite all economic constraints.|sign=[[Pervez Musharraf]], 1999|source=<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>}}

After [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)|surrendering]] of [[Pakistan Eastern Command]] in East and unilateral decision of ceasefire in West, Pakistan learned a sharp lesson from India in the consequences of disconnecting strategy from reality.{{rp|65}}<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors" /> After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 war]], the Navy had to rebuild from ground and the government came to realize its failure for ignoring the needs of navy at the expense of air force and army.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

By the end of 1971, the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|naval aviation]] was commissioned but it was not until 1974 when the aircraft joined the service that were procured from the donations from the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> During the course of war, the co-ordination between [[Pakistan Armed Forces|inter-services]] was limited, lack of communication, poor execution of joint-operations, this led to the establishment of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] headquartered in [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|JS HQ]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> In a small span of time, the navy facilities, manpower and profile of Navy was quickly arranged and raised by the coming and the first [[Four star admiral|four-star]] rank admiral and the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] reconstituted the Navy, and his services to Navy led him to be appointed as first navy admiral [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman]] of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Joint Chiefs Committee]] of Pakistan Armed Forces.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

The Pakistan Navy came into public notice in 1974 after it had reportedly applied a [[naval blockade]] and played an integral role to stop the [[Iraqi support of Baloch rebels|arms smuggled]] in [[Balochistan conflict]] after the [[Arms discovery in Iraqi Embassy (Pakistan)|police raid]] [[Diplomatic missions of iraq|Iraqi Embassy]] in Islamabad in 1974.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> From 1974–77, the Navy provided logistical support to army and air force until [[Rahimuddin Khan's Stabilization of Balochistan|stabilization]] of the province.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

[[File:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|left|290px|The [[Daphné-class submarine|Daphné]] ''Ghazi'' (S-134) deployed during the [[Operation Restore Hope]], 1991.]]

In the 1970s, the Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan as the Navy sought warships deals with [[France]] and [[PR China|China]].<ref name="Navy"/> The Navy acquired the land-based ballistics missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft; it become the first navy in South Asia to acquire land-based ballistics missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> In 1979–80, Pakistan procured the two [[PNS Hashmat|Agosta 70]] class submarines, [[PNS Hurmat|''Hurmat'']] and [[PNS Hashmat|Hashmat]] from [[France]].<ref name="DefenceJournal, Ahmed">{{cite web|last1=Tasnim|first1=Vice-Admiral Ahmed|title=Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Vice Admiral A. Tasnim, Defence Journal|accessdate=17 November 2016|language=Eng|date=May 2001}}</ref>

Dependency on the United States again fell in the 1980s and the Navy enjoyed unprecedented growth, doubling its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Reagan administration]] approved [[United States Dollar|US$]]3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan with Pakistan acquiring eight [[Brooke-class frigate|Brooke]] and [[Garcia-class frigate|Garcia-class]] frigates from [[US Navy|United States Navy]] on a five-year lease in 1988.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. This was done due to the [[Zia regime|Zia administration]]'s [[Operation Cyclone|cooperation]] with the [[Reagan administration]] against the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Soviet war in Afganistan|invasion]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

However, the [[Pressler amendment|arms embargo]] was again imposed after the Soviet [[Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|troops withdrawal]] from [[Afghanistan]] in 1989 when the [[United States President|U.S. President]] [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush, Sr.]] was advised to no longer certify the existence of Pakistan's covert [[Pakistan and its Nuclear Deterrent Program|nuclear arsenals]] program and the [[Pressler amendment]] was invoked on 1 October 1990.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of [[:Category:Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Pakistan Navy|former U.S. origin warships]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> Despite the embargo, the Navy assisted the [[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|UNOSOM-II]] to conducted [[Operation United Shield|military operation]] against [[Civil war in Somalia]].<ref>Bush, George H., Address to the Nation on the Situation in Somalia, 4/12/92</ref> In 1991–41, the Navy became involved with the [[Operation Restore Hope]], dispatching one submarine and two destroyer frigates to support to the [[United States Navy]]'s operation in the [[Somali Civil War|civil War]] in [[Somalia]], and extended its support in 1995 to took participation in [[Operation United Shield]] to concluded its side of operation after evacuating personnel and equipments of [[Pakistan Army|army]], [[Pakistan Marines|marines]], and [[PAF|air force]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bashir, PN|first1=Adm. Noman|authorlink1=Noman Bashir|title=The Pakistan Navy's Role in Peacetime Diplomacy: Emerging Scenario in the Indian Ocean|journal=Pakistan Horizon|date=July 2010|volume=63|issue=3|pages=7|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24711004?seq=1#fndtn-page_scan_tab_contents|accessdate=16 November 2016|publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs|location=Islamabad Pakistan|language=English|format=pdf|issn=0030-980X}}</ref>

Realizing the [[Indo-US Relations|warming relations]] between the [[United States]] and [[India]], Pakistan Navy began concentrating on self-reliance for its operation needs when Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] successfully negotiating with [[France]] for the [[technology transfer]] of [[Agosta 90B class submarine|''Agosta 90B'']] submarines in 1994–95.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> This was a controversial agreement with millions of dollars were allegedly used for the purpose of [[Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari|corruption]] by both sides as the [[air-independent propulsion]] technology was transferred despite India's strong opposition.<ref name="NTI 1990"/> During the same time, the [[United Kingdom]] approved the sale of [[Westland Lynx]] and [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopters, equipped with [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] missiles which further enhanced the capabilities of Pakistan Navy.<ref name="Naval Air Arm, Navy" />

After the [[List of nuclear weapons tests of Pakistan|nuclear tests]] conducted in 1998, there were several proposals made for Pakistan Navy's transformation into a [[nuclear navy]] as it was seen against Indian Navy's [[INS Arihant|nuclear ambition]].<ref name="NTI 1990"/> Earlier in 1990, the Navy began negotiations with [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] to lease a [[nuclear submarine]], a Chinese [[Type 091 submarine|Type 091 ''Han'' class]] submarine after rival India Navy leased a Russian-based [[Charlie class submarine|Charlie 1 class]] nuclear from Soviet Union.<ref name="NTI 1990">{{cite web|last=NTI|title=Nuclear Submarine for Navy|url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/pakistan_nuclear.pdf?_=1316466791|work=October 6, 1990|publisher=NTI 1990|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> However, the Navy cancelled the negotiations with the [[People's Liberation Army Navy|Chinese Navy]] after the learning the Indian Navy had returned the Russian submarine was returned in 1991.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

In 1999, the Navy saw serious disagreement with the civilian government over the issue of [[Kargil war]] that was launched solely by the [[Pakistan Army]]. Known as the [[Revolt of the Admiral]]s in Pakistan, [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Admiral Fasih Bokhari]] and his [[NHQ (PN)|Navy NHQ]] staff maintained that the both Navy and Air Force had been deactivated.<ref name="Repro India Ltd." /> However, when Indian Navy launched ''Operation Talwar'', Pakistan Navy had to respond by deploying the submarines and destroyers combatant ships to keep Indian Navy from Ports of Karachi and Baluchistan.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>

The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] maintained its reconnaissance and patrol operations near at the Arabian sea.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> In 1999, another proposal was raised to switched the [[air-independent propulsion]] of Agosta submarine to substitute with [[nuclear propulsion]], however the proposal was dismissed.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,">{{cite web|last=Lodhi|first=F.S.|title=An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm|work=Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi|publisher=Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref>

===Engagement in 1999 and 2001 standoff===
{{Main article|Atlantique Incident|Indo-Pakistani War of 1999|Revolt of the Admiral|2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff}}

In 1999, the [[Pakistan Army]] soldiers engaged with [[Indian Army]] and that fighting extended to the Navy who came under pressure to protect the coasts of Sindh and Balochistan while performing the non-combat missions. The [[Indian Navy]]'s rapid movement in the [[Arabian sea]] pushed the Navy to take the [[active measures]] and responded by deploying a large formation of submarines to gather intelligence on the movement of Indian naval vessels, their activities and presence.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA," /> Over the appointment of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman Joint Chiefs]], Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] and his [[NHQ (PN)|Navy NHQ]] staff led to a serious disagreement with [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Nawaz Sharif]], an event that is known as [[Revolt of the Admiral|Revolt of the Admiral Bokhari]], who resigned from his commission in protest.{{rp|35}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig">{{cite book|last1=Anwar|first1=Muhammad|last2=Baig|first2=Ebad|title=Pakistan: Time for Change|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781477250303|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mb6OOYcrIOYC&pg=PA35&dq=Admiral+Fasih+Bokhari&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik7aLK56zQAhVM-GMKHTbGAhsQuwUIOTAE#v=onepage&q=Admiral%20Fasih%20Bokhari&f=false|accessdate=16 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>

In 1999, the Navy became involved in a military engagement with the [[Indian Air Force]] when the [[News channels in Pakistan|local news channels]] reported that the Navy had suffered serious casualty in a non-combat missions in terms of losing aircraft and personnel, roughly occurred just two weeks since the end of [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1999|Kargil debacle]].{{rp|62}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/> On 10 August 1999, the [[Indian Air Force]]'s two [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG 21FL]] fired and shot down the reconnaissance navy plane, the [[Breguet Atlantic|''Atlantic'']], with sixteen personnel, including four naval fighter pilots on board.{{rp|62}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/> All hands and the aircraft were lost when it was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch]] region by [[Indian Air Force]], with both countries claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace.{{rp|62}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/>

[[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A Pakistan Navy [[Lockheed P-3C Orion|P3C Orion]] getting airborne in 2010.]]

The international observers noted that the wreckage fell well within Pakistan's territory, giving credence to the Pakistan's claim.{{rp|62–63}}<ref name="AuthorHouse, Baig"/> But the investigation conducted by the [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]] revealed that the crash site was spread over 2 km on both sides of the border and the majority of the wreckage was on the Indian side. The [[Government of India|Indian government]] released the bodies of all the 16 personnel killed in the crash, asserting their point that the aircraft crashed in India.<ref name="The Independent"/> The Indian Air Force stated that "the ''Atlantique'' was trying to return to Pakistan's airspace after intruding more than {{convert|10|nmi|km}} and as such was headed towards Pakistan...." This incident resulted in escalated tensions between the two [[India-Pakistan relations|neighbouring countries]].<ref name="The Independent">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/16-dead-as-india-shoots-down-pakistani-naval-plane-1112052.html|title=16 dead as India shoots down Pakistani naval plane|work=The Independent|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

In October 1999, another mishap claimed the loss of Navy's [[P3C Orion]] ([[anti-submarine warfare|ASW]]) aircraft crashed while on routine exercise towards the coastal town of Pasni in the [[Balochistan Province]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/493254.stm | work=BBC News | title=Pakistan naval aircraft crashes | date=29 October 1999}}</ref> In this non-combat mission, the casualties stood with twenty one personnel, including two navy fighter pilots, eleven sailors and ten senior officers died in the incident—the cause of the incident was stated as a technical failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/p3/index.html|title=404 · Lockheed Martin|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>
During the 2001–2002 India-Pakistan Standoff, the Pakistan Navy was a put on high-alert and more than a dozen warships were deployed near at the Arabian Sea.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> In 2001, the Navy took serious consideration of deploying the [[nuclear weapon]]s on its submarines although none of the nuclear weapons were ever deployed in the submarines.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

During the 2001–02, there was another [[2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff|military standoff]] and Navy again put on high alert with deployment of more than a dozen warships were deployed near at the Arabian Sea.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> In 2001, the Navy took serious consideration of deploying the [[nuclear weapon]]s on its submarines although none of the nuclear weapons were ever deployed in the submarines.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

In 2003–04, there were several proposals made for acquiring the vintage [[aircraft carriers]] but the Navy itself had dismissed the idea since the country has not aspired to have an aircraft capability.{{rp|79}}<ref name="Routledge Dittmer">{{cite book|last1=Dittmer|first1=Lowell|title=South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China|date=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317459569|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02XxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79&dq=aircraft+carrier+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi26L_wjrDQAhXLxFQKHcaNAUwQuwUIHjAA#v=onepage&q=aircraft%20carrier%20pakistan&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>

===War on Terror and operations in North-West===
{{Main article|PNS Mehran Operation|Operation Rah-e-Nijat|PNS Mehran Operation|Operation Black Thunderstorm|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh}}

[[File:US Navy 100323-N-0000X-003 Chief of Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy Adm. Noman Bashir is greeted by Gen. David Petraeus, commander of U.S. Central Command.jpg|thumb|Admiral [[Noman Bashir|Bashir]] meets with the [[United States Army|US Army]] General [[David Petraeus]], top commander of [[International Security Assistance Force|US forces in Afghanistan]], to initiate peace initiatives and counter-terrorism operations against Taliban forces in Afghanistan.]]

Since 1995–97, the operational scope of Navy has increased, first participating in combat operation, [[Operation United Shield|United Shield]] with the [[United States Navy]]. Since 2007, the Navy has shifted into focusing the large-scale special operations and strike operations. The Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[United States Naval Forces Central Command|NAVCENT]], [[Combined Task Force 150|CTF-150]], [[Combined Task Force 151|CTF-151]], [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|last=PN |title=Pakistan Navy and Operation OEF |url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |publisher=PN Second |accessdate=11 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726120430/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |archivedate=26 July 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from 24 March 2006, until 25 February 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003183518/http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html |date=3 October 2008 }}</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726120430/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |date=26 July 2007 }}</ref> Development continues on new warships, weapons, weapons technology, and as well as building the [[nuclear submarine]] for its current operational capabilities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Star Desk|title=Pakistan Navy to build nuclear submarine|url=http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130418182536/http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 April 2013|accessdate=6 April 2012|newspaper=ARY News|date=10 February 2012}}</ref>

Since 2007, the Navy actively participated in Operation Black Thunderstorm, Operation Rah-e-Nijat, Operation Mehran, [[Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|Operation Maddad]], and is a major participant in [[War on Terror]] and the [[War in North-West Pakistan|War in tribal areas]] of Pakistan. Due to its operational capabilities and ability to project force far from coastal areas of Pakistan, for instance the [[Northern Pakistan]] and abroad, the Navy remains potent asset for the [[Commander-in-Chief]] (the [[President of Pakistan]]) as well as the chief executive of the country (the [[Prime minister of Pakistan]]).

[[File:Pakistan Navy Special Service Group member silhouetted aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur.jpg|thumb|left|An elite member of Navy's [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSGN) is silhouetted by the setting sun abroad PNS ''Babur'' while under way in the Arabian Sea 25 November 2007]]

Despite its [[Maritime Interdiction Operations|seaborne mission]], the Navy had played an active role in controlling the insurgency in [[War in North-West Pakistan|Tribal Belt]] in [[War in North-West Pakistan|Western Pakistan]], mostly taking roles in managing [[Military logistics|logistics]] and [[intelligence gathering]] as well as conducting ground operations with the army in Western areas to track down the [[al-Qaeda|al-Qaeda operatives]]. In 2011, the major terror bombing took place in Navy's assets in various locations of Karachi by [[Al-Qaeda]]; the first of the bombings took place on 21 April 2011 on two naval buses and second bombing incident on 28 April 2011 on a naval coaster. An estimated 12 lives have been lost since the start of the bombing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=14800|title=Blast hits Pakistan Navy bus, third in a week|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> A third bombing, and final bombing took place on 22 May 2011. The attack was on the PNS Mehran base in Karachi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=6183&Cat=13&dt=5/23/2011|title=A joint attack by al-Qaeda, TTP|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=22 May 2011}}</ref>

Since 2004, the Navy has been readily used in overland counter-insurgency operations, to ease off the pressure to Army and Air Force.<ref name="The New York TImes">{{cite web|last=Mackey|first=Robert|title=Before Attack, Pakistan's Navy Boasted of Role in Fight Against Taliban|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/before-attack-pakistans-navy-boasted-of-role-in-fight-against-taliban/|work=NYTimes – The Lede (blog)|publisher=The New York TImes|accessdate=10 April 2012|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> The Northern Command (COMNOR) under a [[rear-admiral]], conducted overland, [[signal intelligence]], and bombing missions in the Tribal belt while its navy fighter jets attacked the hidden secretive places of militants.<ref name="The New York TImes"/> In the anti-terror, naval-based airborne missions using precision bombing tactics provided by the US Navy, the Pakistan Navy played a vital role in force-projection of its naval forces that played a significant role in controlling the insurgency, terrorism as well as proved the ability to conduct successful operations far from coastal areas won many presidential citations and praised by the government and the international recognition.<ref name="The New York TImes"/>

The Navy has been active as early as 2006–07 to track down the terrorist elements and al-Qaeda operatives around the country as part of the campaign against the terrorism. To limit the pressure on army and air force, the Navy executed far more difficult operations in Northern Pakistan, and its combatant assets fought Taliban insurgency in Western border with the ground forces. On 22 May 2011, the Navy's first engagement with [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan|Pakistani Taliban]] took place in ''PNS Mehran'', the headquarters of the Navy's [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] and the most populous Pakistani military installation, located near the PAF's [[PAF Base Faisal|Faisal Air Force Base]] of Karachi, Sindh. In the course of the event, around 15 attackers killed 18 naval personnel and wounded 16 in a sophisticated terrorist attack. According to the United States and Western intelligence sources, the attack was far more dangerous than the [[Operation Janbaz|2009 Pakistan Army General Headquarters attack]], and was better planned and more rehearsed than the previous attacks. It was the biggest attack on the Navy and its assets since 1971, and is believed to be the last major attack of militant mastermind Ilyas Kashmiri before being killed in the drone strike. The [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSG(N)), carried out the counter-attack, which was the largest operation led by SSG(N) since [[Operation Jackpot]] of 1971.

==Involvement in civil society==
{{Main article|Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)}}
The Pakistan Navy has played an integral part in the civil society of Pakistan, almost since its inception.<ref name="Taylor and Francis-e-Library">{{cite book|last=Mazhar Aziz|title=Military control in Pakistan: the parallel state|year=2008|publisher=Taylor and Francis-e-Library|location=Milton Park, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK|isbn=978-0-415-43743-1|pages=80–81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIwXnkZOyoMC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=dismissal+of+general++karamat&source=bl&ots=-Uzb9PkhEc&sig=zwt4KeYFNGEPqpdmNqT4C17HMxI&hl=en&ei=niLgTs62EJSOigKgnpSeDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dismissal%20of%20general%20%20karamat&f=false}}</ref> In 1996, General Jehangir Karamat described Pakistan armed forces' relations with the society:

{{quote|text=In my opinion, if we have to repeat of past events then we must understand that Military leaders can pressure only up to a point. Beyond that their own position starts getting undermined because the military is after all is a mirror image of the civil society from which it is drawn. |sign=General Jehangir Karamat on civil society–military relations |source=<ref name="Taylor and Francis-e-Library"/>}}

===Multi-national operations===
Between 11–21 May 2008, Pakistani warships [[HMS Alacrity (F174)|PNS ''Badr'' (D-182)]], [[HMS Alacrity (F174)|PNS ''Shahjahan'' (D 186)]], and PNS ''Nasr'' (A-47), as well as the Pakistan Air Force Explosive Ordnance Disposal team, participated in Exercise Inspired Union – multi-national exercises in the [[North Arabian Sea]] that also included the American destroyers {{USS|Curts|FFG-38|2}} and {{USS|Ross|DDG 71|2}}.<ref>{{cite web | author= Lt. (j.g.) Bryan Boggs, USN | title= USS ''Curts'', Pakistani Navy Participate in Officer Exchange Program | url= http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=37552 | work= NNS080602-12 | publisher= ''Abraham Lincoln'' Carrier Strike Group Public Affairs | date= 6 June 2008 | accessdate=2010-12-27}}</ref>

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on 26 December 2004. Pakistan sent her combatant vessels to [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm|title=2 Pakistan Navy ships, C-130s to join rescue work|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

Pakistan Navy dispatched its two combatant vessels, [[PNS Tariq (1973)|PNS Tariq]], a destroyer, PNS ''Nasr'', a Logistic support ship, were deployed in the region. Under the tactical direction of former Chief of Naval Staff Admiral (retired) Shahid Karimullah, Pakistan Navy ships immediately rendered their assistance to Government of Maldives for evacuation of stranded tourists/locals from islands. Pakistan Navy continued this humanitarian assistance through rendering diplomatic and material support by sending two more ships with sizeable relief efforts to Indonesia and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/spedition/defence_day_supp_05/p11.html|title=Jang Group Online Defence Day Supplement|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Pakistan Navy later assigned another relief mission to Sri Lanka dispatching two more combatant vessels. PNS ''Khaiber'' and PNS ''Moawin'' were dispatched to assist Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/news/print.php?id=91172 PN ships to arrive in Indonesia for relief operation in tsunami-hit areas]</ref> These vessels had three helicopters, a [[Pakistan Marines|140th Marine Expeditionary Force]], military and civilian doctors, and paramedics. Besides, relief goods – medicines, medical equipment, food supplies, tents, blankets- are being sent in huge quantities.<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/01/04/top.htm Quake-Tsunami Devastation: Pakistan Joins Global Task Force for Aid ]</ref> The diameter of relief operations were expanded to Bangladesh. And, Pakistan Naval vessels, carrying other Pakistan Armed Forces units, landed in Bangladesh for the first time since December 1971. The Navy, Army, and the Air Force had carried out the relief operations in the Bangladesh, where the Pakistani forces also anticipated reconstruction of civil infrastructure in the country.<ref>[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-article&id=3 The role of Pakistan Armed Forces in Bangladesh]</ref>

===Operation Madad===
{{Main article|Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|2010 Pakistan floods}}

As [[Pakistan Army|Army]] and [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) gained momentum on militancy, the Navy took the whole responsibility of conducting the largest search and rescue operations in the [[2010 Pakistan floods|2010 floods]]. The Navy rescued and evacuated more than 352,291 people after launching the ''Operation Madad'' (English: "Help") throughout Pakistan in August 2010.<ref>[http://www.pakistannews.com.pk/national/pakistan-flood-disaster/pak-navy-launches-operation-madad-sindh.html Pak Navy launches operation ‘Madad’ in Sindh]</ref> Since then, the Navy had provided 43,850 kg of food and relief goods to flood victims; 5,700 kg of ready-to-cook food, 1,000 kg of dates and 5,000 kg of food has been dispatched to Sukkur. The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] had air dropped more than 500 kg of food and relief good in Thal, Ghospur and Mirpur areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=256553&Cat=4&dt=8/16/2010|title=Pakistan Navy continues relief operations|date=16 August 2010|work=The News International, Pakistan|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2011|01}}, under the program ''PN Model Village'', the Navy is building the model houses in the affected areas. More than 87 houses were built and had been distributed to the local [[internally displaced person]] (IDPs). About 69,011 people have been treated in PN medical camps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onepakistan.com/news/local/karachi/81137-pn-model-village-handed-over-to-idps.html|title=Karachi News|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

==Command structure==
According to the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]], the [[President of Pakistan]] is the civilian commander-in-chief of [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] while the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] served as the chief executive of Pakistan Armed Forces, both the people-elected civilians, the President and Prime minister, maintains a [[civilian control of the military]].

The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] (CNS), a four-star admiral, is a member of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] as well as the [[National Security Council of Pakistan|National Security Council]] (NSC) and the [[Pakistan National Command Authority|Nuclear Command Authority]], and is responsible for the sea defence of the country.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} They direct the non-combat and combatant operations from naval combatant headquarters (NHQ) in Islamabad, near army combatant headquarters (GHQ).

The Chief of Naval Staff has seven Deputy Chiefs of Naval Staff, ranging from Rear Admirals to Vice-Admirals; the Chief of Staff (COS) under whom the Naval Operations and Intelligence Directorates functions; the [[Naval Secretary]] (NS); the [[Quarter master general|Quarter-Master General]] (QMG); the [[Hydrographer of the Navy|Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN)]]; the Engineer-in-Chief; the [[Flag Officer Sea Training]] (FOST); the Director-General of Training and Joint Warfare (DG Trig); the Directorate-General for Naval Technologies Complex (NTC); and the Chief of Naval Logistics (CNL). The responsibilities of Deputy Chief of Naval Staff are listed below:{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

===Deputy chiefs of staff===
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Operations (DCNS Operations)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Evaluation (DCNS Training and Evaluation)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Personnel (DCNS Training and Personnel)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Materials (DCNS Materials)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Supplies (DCNS Supply)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Projects (DCNS Projects)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] (DCNS NSFC)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff Of Administration (DCNS Administration)

===Assistant chiefs of staff===
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Operations (ACNS Operations)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Evaluation (ACNS Training and Evaluation)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Personnel (ACNS Training and Personnel)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Materials (ACNS Materials)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Supplies (ACNS Supply)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of Projects (ACNS Projects)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff of [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] (ACNS NSFC)
*Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Of Administration (ACNS Administration)

===Combatant commands===
The Pakistan Navy has six major combatant commands
*'''Commander of Pakistan Naval Fleet (COMPAK)''' – The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands.<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/compak.html</ref> COMPAK is headquartered in Karachi, Sindh. Previously, it included the 25th and 18th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
**'''Commander Naval Air Arm (COMNAV)''' – Looks after the Naval air stations, and is the commander of the Naval Aviation, reporting into COMPAK.<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/admin_Authorities.html</ref>
**'''Commander Submarine Squadron (COMSUBS)'''– Looks after the submarine operations, and is the commander of the submarine commanders, reporting into COMPAK.<ref>{{cite web|title=Submarine History|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_history.html|website=www.paknavy.gov.pk|accessdate=24 January 2017}}</ref>
*'''Commander Karachi (COMKAR)''' – The Commander Karachi is responsible for the command of the shore establishment, naval facilities within Karachi. The COMKAR also provide services and training facilities for the Navy. The COMKAR also looks after the military protocol at Karachi. This command's responsibilities also include harbour defence.
*''' Commander COAST (COMCOAST)''' – The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
*'''Commander Logistics (COMLOG)''' – This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
*'''Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
*'''Commander North (COMNOR)''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan. The COMNOR commands the naval facilities in North-west Pakistan, Azad Kashmir, and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The COMNOR is also a major part of Pakistan's Northern Naval Command.
*'''Commander WEST (COMWEST )''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]]. The COMWEST is a major component of the Western Naval Command of Pakistan Navy.
*'''Commander Central Punjab (COMCEP)'''<ref name="PNOrg">{{cite web | url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/organization.html | title=PN ORGANIZATION | publisher=Pakistan Navy | accessdate=June 14, 2016}}</ref>– Looks after the naval and marine assets stationed in Punjab, and Southern skirts of Sindh.

===Depots command===
The Pakistan Navy has a major Depot command which consists of 11 units
**'''Commander Depots Group (COMDEP)'''- This is a Type Command of Supply Branch located in Karachi

===Headquarters===

The single headquarter for the Navy, the [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]], is located in [[Islamabad]] at the neighborhoods of the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|Army GHQ]], in the vicinity of [[JS HQ (Pakistan)|Joint Staff Headquarters]].

The NHQ function also includes the [[Judge Advocate General Branch|Judge Advocate General Corps of Navy]], and the Comptroller of Civilian Personnel, the [[Hydrographer of the Navy|Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN)]] of the [[Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department|Hydrographic Corps]]; the Engineer-in-Chief of Naval Engineering Corps (NEC); Surgeon General of Navy; Quartermaster General of the Navy.

===Naval Strategic Force Command===
In August 2012, the Pakistan Navy inaugurated the Naval Strategic Force Command headquarters, described by the military as the "custodian of the [[Nation-state|nation]]'s nuclear [[second strike capability]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-20/pakistan/31788040_1_pakistan-navy-inaugurates-nuclear-arsenal|title= Pak's navy inaugurates new Strategic Force headquarters|date=9 August 2012}}</ref>

==Personnel==
{{See also|List of serving Admirals of the Pakistan Navy}}
[[File:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Navy Officers on Guard By the Standard of the Navy and the Naval Jack]]
[[File:Change of command aboard PNS Tippu Sultan DVIDS78354.jpg|thumb|Then, Commodore, Khan Hasham Bin Saddique of Pakistan Navy, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, 25 February 2008.]]

As the estimates made in 2003 and 2009, the Navy had approximately 25,000 active duty personnel.<ref name="IISS2010">''The Military Balance 2010'', p. 367, [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] (London, 2010).</ref> With additional 1,200 [[Pakistan Marines|Marines]] and more than 2,500 [[Pakistan Coast Guard|Coast Guard]]; 2,000 active-duty Navy personnel in the Maritime Security Agency. In addition there were 5,000 reserves, total combined forces exceeding 35,700 personnel.<ref name="IISS2010"/>

In 2007, Navy gave commissioned to the first Baloch naval squadron, consisting of around 53 women officers and 72 Baloch sailors.<ref name="Dawn News, 19th March 2012">{{cite news|last=Dr. Mustaghis-ur-Rahman|title=Gender inequality in {{sic|nolink=y|coporates|expected=corporates}}|url=http://dawn.com/2012/03/19/gender-inequality-in-coporates/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Dawn News, 19 March 2012|date=19 March 2012}}</ref> In 2012, the Navy pushed its personnel strength to Baluchistan after sending a large formation of Baloch university students to Navy Engineering Colleges and War College as well as staff schools to complete their officer training requirements.<ref name="Dawn News, 10th March 2012">{{cite news|last=Our Reporter|title=Pakistan Navy offers jobs to Balochistan youths|url=http://dawn.com/2012/03/10/pakistan-navy-offers-jobs-to-balochistan-youths/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Dawn News, 10 March 2012|date=10 March 2012}}</ref> The Navy established three additional facilities in Balochistan to supervise the training to its personnel.<ref name="Dawn News, 10th March 2012"/> As of 2014 estimate, the Navy has a strength of 30,700 active duty personnel.<ref name="Penguin UK, Ahmed">{{cite book|last1=Ahmed|first1=Khaled|title=Sleepwalking to Surrender: Dealing with Terrorism in Pakistan|date=2014|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9789386057624|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TbzBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT95&lpg=PT95&dq=pakistan+navy+personnel&source=bl&ots=9mfLYMN46o&sig=LTziFjHArHCl-iH9w8ZRLy2mWfI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi28LSMlLDQAhXMy1QKHasyBA84ChDoAQgkMAI#v=onepage&q=pakistan%20navy%20personnel&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2016|language=en}}</ref>

===Education and training ===
The Pakistan Navy maintains large educational organisations, accredited institutions and scientific organisations to support the combatant and non-combatant missions, operations and shores activities on land. Its academic and accredited four-year university, the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], is the home of naval cadets for the future officers of Pakistan Navy, and offers academic degrees programmes at its academy. The Pakistan Naval Academy also has provided education, athletic programs and military training programmes to the officers of allied navies, among notables including the Chief of Staff of the [[Qatar Armed Forces|Qatar Royal Navy]] (QRN) and many high-ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] (RSN) as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the Pakistan Naval Academy. The academy is a full-fledged academic and scientific institution catering to the needs to Pakistan junior naval officers.

The Pakistan Navy also managed, administers, and managed the various academic research universities in the country, including the [[Pakistan Navy School|Naval Educational Establishment]] (NEE). The [[Pakistan Naval War College|Naval War College]] is a post-graduate and post-doctorate college that specialises in the techniques and developing ideas for naval warfare and passing them along to officers of the Navy.<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm New Page 2] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603221244/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm |date=3 June 2012 }}</ref> Other college includes the [[Pakistan Navy School of Logistics and Management|College of Logistics and Management]] (conducts research in military logistics); and [[Strategic Institute for Maritime Affairs|Strategic Institute for Naval Affairs]] which conducts research on specialising in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan naval forces.

The senior training institution for all service branches is the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] (NDU) at the Islamabad. Originally established in 1971 at Rawalpindi, the university is mandate to provide training in higher military strategy for senior officers, the institution was relocated to Islamabad in 1995. It also offers courses that allow civilians to explore the broader aspects of national security, defence policy and war studies. In a program begun in the 1980s to upgrade the intellectual standards of the army, air force, marines and naval officers and increase awareness of the wider world, a large group of officers, has been detailed to academic training, achieving master's degrees and even doctorates at universities in Pakistan and abroad.

== Pay grade and uniforms==
The rank structure is patterned on the Royal Navy model. It consists of [[commissioned officers]] and the [[Junior Commissioned Officer]]s paygrade ranks only.
{{Main article|Naval ranks and insignia of Pakistan}}

{| style="border:1px solid #001A57; background-color:white; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Structure of the Commissioned officer rank of the Pakistan Navy'''
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Pay grade !! OF-10 !! OF-9 !! OF-8 !! OF-7 !! OF-6 !! OF-5 !! OF-4 !! OF-3 !! OF-2 !! OF-1 !! OF-1 !!
|-
| '''Insignia'''
| [[File:Fleet Admiral Pakistan Navy Insignia.jpg|45px]] [[File:US-O11 insignia.svg|30px]]
| [[File:Admiral Pakistan Navy insignia.svg|55px]] [[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|55px]]
| [[File:Vice admiral Pakistan Navy insignia.svg|60px]] [[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|55px]]
| [[File:Rear admiral Pakistan Navy insignia.svg|60px]] [[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|35px]]
| [[File:Commodore Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] [[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]]
| [[File:Captain Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Commander Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Lieutenant Commander Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Lieutenant Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Sub Lieutenant Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]] 
| [[File:Midshipman Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]
|-
| '''Title'''
|[[Admiral of the fleet|Admiral of the Fleet]] {{small|Grade authorized but never awarded to date}}
|[[Admiral]]
|[[Vice-Admiral]]
|[[Rear-Admiral]]
|[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
|[[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
|[[Commander (rank)|Commander]]
|[[Lieutenant-Commander]]
|[[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]]
|[[Sub-lieutenant]]
|[[Midshipman]]
|-
| '''Rank Hierarchy'''
|[[Five-star rank|Five-star Admiral]]
|[[Four-star rank|Four-star Admiral]]
|[[Three-star rank|Three-star Admiral]]
|[[Two-star rank|Two-star Admiral]]
|[[One-star rank|One-star]] {{small|(considered to be as 1 star Admiral)}}

|}

{| style="border:1px solid #001A57; background-color:white; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''Structure of the Enlisted rank of the Pakistan Navy'''
|
| '''Insignia'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''Title'''
| [[Master Chief Petty Officer]]
| [[Fleet Chief Petty Officer]]
| [[Chief Petty Officer]]
| No Equivalent

| [[Petty Officer]]
| No Equivalent
| [[Leading Rate]]
| [[Able Seaman]]
| [[Ordinary Rate]]
|-
| '''Abbreviation'''
| MCPO||FCPO||CPO||NE||PO||NE||LH||AS||OS
|-
|}

==Science and technology==
Apart from executing military operations, the Navy also maintains its own science and technology organisations and commands to promote scientific activities, knowledge, and engineering facilities in the navy. The Navy operates the [[Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department|Naval Directorate for Hydrography]], served as the operational scientific naval oceanographic program for the Navy. The Navy also administer and operates the astronomical observatory known as [[Pakistan Naval Observatory]], with primary mission to produce Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) for the Navy and the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), though the Navy has also played a vital role in nation's civilian space authority, the [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission|Space Research Commission]] in conducting studies on [[Astrophysics]], [[Astronomy]] and Mathematics. The [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] served as the primary scientific and military organisation for the Navy, the command is charged with battling with naval-based nuclear weapons and controlling the operations of nuclear submarines.

[[File:PNEC.jpg|left|thumb|A campus of [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|Navy Engineering College]] (PNEC) in Karachi.]]

The other educational facilities training institutions are included the PNS ''Bahadur'', that conducts weapon system specialist courses; the PNS ''Himalaya'', for providing the combat surface training courses for the [[Non-commissioned officer|NCO]], [[Junior commissioned officer|JCO]], and recruited sailors while the Higher Educational Training (HET) is a way to be commissioned officer from sailors.

The PNS ''Karsaz'' is the largest and most organised technical and naval combat training establishment of the Navy. The ''Karsaz'' has the privilege to host many heads of states since its commissioning. ''Karsaz'' served as a mother unit who gave birth to [[Pakistan Naval Station Mehran|Naval Air Station Mehran]], the [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|Navy Engineering College]], PNS ''Bahadur'', and other Navy units and naval bases in that area. The unit celebrated its golden jubilee in 2003 under the command of [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] M. Bashir. Chaudhry. The PNS ''Karsaz'' also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of [[Pakistan Rupee|Rs. 88.00 Millions]] during 2003–05. Cdre M. Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant ''Karsaz'' during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists, got the school designed through NESPAK and finally constructed & put it into operation. The Rangoon Vala Trust (RVT) contributed the most in the funding of this school and other Navy sponsored programmes.

The Navy Engineering College is one of the most recognised institute of the Navy and offers under-graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral programmes in engineering, science and technology disciplines. The Navy Engineering College is controlled by the Navy but it has been an affiliated with the [[National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan|National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical, Electronics and industrial and manufacturing engineering.

==Special Operations Forces==

===Special Services Group (N)===
{{Main article|Special Service Group Navy}}
[[File:US Navy 110613-N-OT964-118 Chief Navy Diver Aaron Knight, right, assigned to Commander, Task Group (CTG) 56.1, and Pakistani divers.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG conducting force-protection and under-water special forces training with their [[United States Navy]] counterparts, the [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs.]] ]]

The [[Special Service Group Navy]] (reporting name: '''SSG-[N]''') are the principle and elite [[special operations force]] (SOF) of the Pakistan Navy, part of the [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]]. The unit was established by then-[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|CNS]] Admiral [[S. M. Ahsan]] under the advice and guidance of [[United States Navy SEALs]], in 1966.

The SSG-N's first combat operation took place in 1971 and its operational diameter has increased since then. SSG-N training is extremely tough, one of the toughest courses offered by the Pakistan Armed Forces and in the world. The SSG-N train together first with the special forces of the Pakistan [[Special Service Group|army]] and [[Special Service Wing|air force]], then the special airborne, seaborne, and diving courses are taught by the instructors to the recruiters of the veteran Navy commandos and elite operatives. SSG-[N] personnel are often sent to the United States to complete their training with the [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs]] in Colorado and California.

Due to its interminable nature, the SSG-[N] are a classified and clandestine unit and their history of operations has never been released in the public domain. Although the official strength of the unit remains classified, its estimated strength is thought to be between 1000 and 1240 personnel in three regiments.

==Relationships with other service branches==

===Marines===
{{Main article|Pakistan Marines}}

The Navy established the [[Pakistan Marines]] on 1 June 1971, by Admiral S.M. Ahsan, but they were decommissioned in 1974 due to their poor performance. However, after the Navy first reorganised, re-established, and re-visioned itself, proposals to establish Pakistani marines roughly equivalent to the [[United States Marines Corps]] were kept under consideration.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Pakistan Marines and the Navy|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/qasim.htm|work=Pakistan Navy.|publisher=Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> Finally on 14 April 1990, the Pakistan Marines were again re-commissioned in the Navy with about 2,000 men who were drafted<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/05/marine_pakistan_delegation_070519/ Pakistani Marines tour East Coast bases – Marine Corps News, news from Iraq – Marine Corps Times]</ref> with plans to significantly expand the force to the size of a corps of approximately 45,000, by 2015. The Marines are under the control of the Pakistan Navy, using the same naval ranks. They are headquartered at [[PNS Qasim]] in Karachi.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/>

[[File:US Navy 091012-N-8132M-245 Marines assigned to the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (22nd MEU), along with Marines from Kuwait and Pakistan, conduct an amphibious assault demonstration during Exercise Bright Star 2009.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Marines dressed in operational camouflage uniforms, during training with [[United States Marine Corps|United States]] and Kuwaiti counterparts.]]

The first Officer Commanding of the Pakistan Marines was an [[United States Army officer rank insignia|OF-4]] rank officer, Commander M. Obaidullah.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> On 14 April 1990, a marine training base was commissioned to provide security cover to naval assets. The Navy decided to establish the Marines at [[Qasim fort|Kasim Fort]] which was at that time under the operational control of PNS ''Himalaya''. Finally on 25 November 1990, PNS Qasim was commissioned and became the marines' combatant headquarters, initially comprising eight naval officers, 67 [[Chief petty officer]]s and [[petty officer]]s, as well as 43 marine officers.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> The Marines specialise in seaborne operations, using the mobility of the Navy, although they are part of the Navy, not a separate branch. Marines wear camouflage uniforms when deployed to an operational environment but otherwise they wear Navy [[dress uniforms]].<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> The size of the Marines were tripled by Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] who pursued the case of an additional battalion and its development plan. Since its inception, the Pakistan Marines have been deployed in the [[Sir Creek]] region of the Indo-Pakistan borders.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/>

===Coast Guard===
{{Main article|Pakistan Coast Guard|Maritime Security Agency}}
[[File:Pakistan Navy Ships2.jpeg|left|thumb|Pakistan Navy personnel conducting a [[Maritime interdiction|Maritime Interdiction Operation]] exercise with the [[United States Navy]].]]

The Navy also maintains a paramilitary division which prevents federal navy personnel from acting in a law enforcement capacity. The [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA) fulfils the law enforcement role in naval operations. The MSA has the capacity to conduct [[search and rescue]] operations in deep waters of Pakistan.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Maritime Security Agency and the Navy|url=http://www.msa.org.pk/his.html|work=Pakistan Navy.|publisher=Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Agency was established after adopting the genesis at the [[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]] in 1982.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan"/> Pakistan ratified the UN Convention in 1997 but established the MSA on 1 January 1987, for enforcement of national and international laws, policies and conventions at sea.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan"/>
[[File:Parallel steps.jpg|thumb|A unit of Pakistan Navy personnel marching in Karachi.]] The MSA gained its constitutional status in 1994 by the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] and is now placed under the command of the Navy, commanded by an officer of [[Two-star rank|two-star]] rank, a [[Rear-Admiral]].

The [[Pakistan Coast Guard]] serves the same purpose as the Navy but, is a separate branch from it.<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army">{{cite web|last=Pakistan Army|title=Pakistan Coast Guards|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/awpreview/ImageGallery.aspx?GalleryID=46|work=Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army|publisher=Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Coast Guard's duties include relief efforts in the coastal areas of Pakistan, riverine rescue operations, and distribution of [[military rations]].<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/> The Coast Guard does not perform operations in deep waters, rather such operations are performed by the MSA.<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/> However, it uses the mobility of the Pakistan Navy depending on the type of operations it conducts. The Coast Guard is under the command of the [[Pakistan Army]] and contains active-duty army members. It is commanded by a [[two-star rank|two-star]] rank [[Major-General]].<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/>

==Branches==
*Operations
**Above Water Warfare
**Underwater Warfare
**Navigation, Operations and Hydrography
**Communication and Electronic Warfare
*Marine Engineering
**Mechanical/ Propulsion
**Electrical
**Hull/ Shipwright
*Weapon Engineering
**Radio
**Fire Control
**Ordnance
*Air Engineering
**Avionics
**Aerospace
*Logistics
*Medical Service
*Supply Branch
*Special Branch (IT)
*Executive Branch

==Naval fleet==
{{Main article|List of active Pakistan Navy ships}}
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:080713-N-7949W-084 - USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG-60).jpg|thumb|PNS Alamgir]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[File:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[File:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|PNS Badr with [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]]]]

===Frigates===

The names of commissioned combat and non-combat ships of the Pakistan Navy are prefixed with the capital letters "PNS" ("Pakistan Naval Ships"). The names of ships are selected by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]], often to honour important people or places in the history of Pakistan. The offensive surface fleet of the Navy comprises 10 combat ships, including five former [[Royal Navy]] ''Amazon'' class frigates.
PNS Badr has been decommissioned recently. The Navy intends to decommission the ships from their active service between 2010 and 2020. In 2005, the Pakistan Navy ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> This was the semi-nationalized programme that was built under the supervision of the People's Republic of China. The first frigate was built in [[Karachi Shipyard]] and its first lead ship was delivered on 5 April 2008. The [[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate Programme]] successfully ended when the [[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-254 PNS ''Aslat'']] was delivered in July 2011. All four frigates have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, and has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/>

[[File:US Navy 100831-N-8590G-005 Pakistan sailors parade their country's colors during the decommissioning ceremony of USS McInerney (FFG 8) at Naval Station Mayport.jpg|thumb|The frigate PNS ''Alamgir'' (former guided-missile frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]], being handed over to Pakistan Navy on 31 August 2010 at US Naval Station Mayport, Fla.]]

According to Jane's, the Pakistan Navy was expected to place a formal request to the US for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These were to replace their 40-year-old ex-British Type-21 frigates and act as stop-gaps until new Chinese-built F-22P frigates and corvettes are built and commissioned. However, in 2010 only one, the [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|USS McInerney]] — a [[guided missile frigate]], was transferred to the Pakistan Navy, after a $65 million refit. In 2013 the United States Congress "deliberately" placed "impossible" conditions on the transfer of further ships to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140417/DEFREG03/304170028 |title=US Congress Stymies Pakistani Naval Modernization Efforts |last1=ANSARI |first1=USMAN |date=17 April 2014 |website=www.defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |accessdate=17 April 2014}}</ref>

The weapons systems on the Navy's FFG-8 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with limited anti-submarine warfare capability was handed over on 31 August 2010. The ship has been named ''PNS Alamgir'' (FFG-260) after the great Mughal Emperor [[Alamgir I|Alamgir]]. The ship was transferred to Pakistan at Mayport, Florida.

According to Jane's, at the military convention IDEAS 2004, former chief of naval staff Admiral Shahid Karimullah commented that at "least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy." As of 2011, three of the four frigate are larger and superior to the first Chinese F-22P. The frigates are likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability, and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Pakistan Navy is acquiring four Turkish Project MILGEM corvettes agreement signed during the 2017 IDEF defence exhibition in Istanbul, on May 10. According to an announcement from the Turkish Defence Industries Undersecretariat (SSM), the deal is expected to be finalized on June 30, 2017. The 99.5-meter ADA class corvettes that are in service with the Turkish Navy are anti-submarine warfare (ASW) oriented vessels designed to embark ASW/ASUW helicopters and fitted with Harpoon missiles and a 76 mm gun.[http://navaltoday.com/2017/05/11/pakistan-signs-loi-to-acquire-four-milgem-corvettes-from-turkey/]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://navaltoday.com/2017/05/11/pakistan-signs-loi-to-acquire-four-milgem-corvettes-from-turkey/|title=Pakistan signs LOI to acquire four MILGEM corvettes from Turkey|website=Naval Today|access-date=2017-05-12}}</ref>

===Corvettes & missile boats===
The Pakistan Navy operates two Jalalat II class and two Jurrat class missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design, and the Jurrat class, which was also locally produced, is considered as an improved version of the Jalalat II class, with better sensors and propulsion.

In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 and two MRTP-15 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33 METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416163254/http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm |date=16 April 2008 }}</ref> both have been delivered. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

Pakistan Navy has also ordered two fast attack craft/missile boats, the 500–600 tons Azmat class, equipped with C802/803 anti ship missiles from China in December 2010. The first boat P1013 PNS Azmat was handed over to Pakistan Navy on 23 April 2012 and 2nd (PNS Dahshat) on 16 August 2012. These are the largest class of missile boats inducted in the Pakistan Navy as of 2012. Pakistan Navy is also, negotiating Milgem class corvettes with Turkey.

===Fleet composition===
This is a list of ship classes in the Pakistan Navy:<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website – Frigates] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516085915/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm |date=16 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website – Missile Boats] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527232149/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm |date=27 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928154252/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm |date=28 September 2006 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Ship
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Origin
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:center; width: 40%;"|Notes
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Frigates]]
|-
| '''[[F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate|F-22P Zulfiqar class]] 
| {{PRC}}{{PAK|Pakistan}}
| '''4'''
| '''2009'''
|PNS Zulfiqar PNS Shamsheer PNS Saif PNS Aslat
|-
| '''[[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|F-260 PNS Alamgir]]
| {{USA}}
| '''1'''
| '''2010'''
| Acquired August 31, 2010.<ref>[http://www.defence.pk/20110322/pns-alamgir-ohp-class-frigate-reach-pakistan/ PNS Alamgir, OHP Class frigate to reach Pakistan [''dead link'']] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104080546/http://www.defence.pk/20110322/pns-alamgir-ohp-class-frigate-reach-pakistan/ |date=4 January 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Tariq class frigate|Tariq class]]''' 
| {{UK}}
| '''5'''
| '''1990s'''
|[[HMS Amazon|PNS Babur]] [[HMS Active|PNS Shah Jahan]] [[HMS Ambuscade|PNS Tariq]] [[HMS Arrow|PNS Khaibar]] [[HMS Avenger|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Mine hunter|Mine Hunter]]
|-
||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Munsif class]]
| {{PAK}} {{FRA}}
| '''3'''
| '''1988–1997'''
|PNS Munsif (ex French Sagittaire) PNS Muhafiz PNS Mujahid
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Missile boat|Fast Attack Craft]]
|-
|Jalalat II class
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
|
|Indigenously built
|-
|Jurrat class boats
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
| '''2006'''
|Indigenously built
|-
|[[PNS Azmat|Azmat Class]]
| {{PRC}}{{PAK}}
| '''3'''
| '''2013'''
| 2 ships ordered by Pakistan Navy under construction at KSEW.The FAC 3 was launched on 17 September 2016 at Karachi Shipyard and handed over to Pakistan NAvy.The FAC #4 is under construction at KSEW,
|-
|Larkana class
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
|
| First craft ever designed and built indigenously in Pakistan
|-
|MRTP-33
| {{TUR}}
| '''2'''
| '''2007–2008'''
|Two delivered so far.
|-
|MRTP-15
| {{TUR}}
| '''2'''
| '''2006–2008'''
|Two shpis acquired so far.
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Auxiliaries|Auxiliary Vessels]]'''
|-
| [[Type 905 replenishment ship|Fuqing class]]
| {{PRC}}
| '''1'''
| '''1987'''
|Deep water fleet oil replenishment tanker
|-
| [[HNLMS Poolster (A835)|Poolster class]]
| {{NED}}
| '''1'''
| '''1994'''
|Deep water fleet logistics and replenishment ship
|-
|[[Oil tanker|Coastal tankers]]
| {{Pak}}
| '''2'''
| '''1984–1992'''
|Can only operate in [[Green water]], not suitable for [[Blue water]] operations
|-
| [[PNS Behr Paima]]
| {{JAP}}
| '''1'''
| '''1983'''
|Used for coastal survey, collecting marine data
|-
|[[Fleet Tanker]]
| {{PAK}} {{TUR}}
| '''1'''
| '''2016'''
| Contract signed with STM (Turkey) and KSEW(Pakistan) for construction of 1700 ton fleet tanker on 22 Jan 2013. Keel laying ceremony was held on 7 March 2014 and launched on 19th August 2016. Equipped with STOP CIWS and gun system.
|-

|-
|[[Dredging|Dredging Vessel]]
| {{PAK}}
| '''2'''
| '''2008'''
| 2nd under construction at KSEW.
|-
|Utility Ships
| {{Pak}}
| '''2'''
| '''2011'''
| –
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Training vessel]]
|-
|[[Rah Naward]]
| {{UK}}
| '''1'''
| '''2010'''
|Acquired in 2010 from [[Tall Ships Youth Trust]] at that time the ship was known as [[PNS Rah Naward|Prince William]] she was listed for sale on the open market for 4 Million GBP
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" |[[Hovercraft]]
|-
|[[Griffon 2000TD hovercraft]]
| {{UK}}
| '''12'''
| '''-'''
|Used by the [[Special Service Group Navy|SSGN]] and the [[Pakistan Marines]]
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | Coastal Patrol Boats
|-
| Gulf craft
| {{USA}}
| '''17'''
| '''2010'''
|12 Gulf craft and, 5 patrol boats delivered by USA on 13 Feb 2010 at Karachi.<ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html Gulf Craft boats will guard Pakistan's coast | Gulf Craft Inc | AMEinfo.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210164027/http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html |date=10 February 2009 }}</ref>
|}

===Submarine Command of the Pakistan Navy===
{{See also|Khalid class submarine|Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Naval Dockyard}}
{{quote|text=The programme of (submarine technology transfer) Agosta class submarine, envisages a very high degree of transfer-of-technology, which is bound to benefit the local industry in improving our indigenous capability of building air-independent propulsion, which is a viable substitute of [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear propulsion]]....|sign=[[Rear Admiral]] Gulzaman Malik, Commander of Submarine Service Force, 1999|source=<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>}}
The Submarines Service Force (SSF) is the major command and aggressive command of Pakistan Navy, with primary mission including the commencing of peaceful engagement, surveillance and intelligence management, special operations, precision strikes, battle group operations, and the control of Pakistan's border seas. The Submarine command also takes responsibility to protect country's sea lanes of communication as well as to protect the economical interests, foreign trade and development of the country.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/><ref name="Defence Industry Daily">{{cite news|last=Khaliej Times|title=German Submarine Deal With Pakistan Goes Quiet|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Report-German-Submarine-Deal-With-Pakistan-on-Hold-05432/|accessdate=8 April 2012|newspaper=Defence Industry Daily|date=19 May 2009}}</ref>

[[File:OuessantBrest2005.jpg|thumb|300px|In Picture, the French [[Agosta class submarine|Agosta–70A]] [[French submarine Ouessant|''Ouessant'']] in [[2005 in France|2005]], the [[Agosta class submarine|Agosta 90B (Khalid)]] are much larger than Agosta-70, and powered with [[Air-independent propulsion|Air-independent propulsion]].]]

In mid-2006, the Navy announced its requirement of three new fast-attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its submarine fleet— after retiring the four Daphne Class.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate">{{cite web|last=NIT|title=Pakistan Submarine Capabilities|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-submarine-capabilities/|work=Nuclear Threat Initiatives|publisher=NIT Pakistan Directorate|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> Immediately, the French defence consortium, the [[Direction des Constructions Navales|DCN]], offered its latest export design— the [[Marlin class submarine]]— which is based on the [[Scorpène class submarine]], but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> However, the Navy chose the [[Type 214 submarine]], during the "IDEAS 2008 exhibition", the [[Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft|HDW]] director Walter Freitag told the media that: "The commercial contract has been finalized up to 95%. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months".<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French – Paktribune</ref> However, in 2009, it was reported that the Navy had canceled its plans with HDW, the German government adjourn the deal further deliberation leading the Navy to cancel the contract with HDW while the German government seemed not-interested to transfer the submarine technology to Pakistan. However, the German government insisted that "a final decision should be made soon".<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> In 2012, an undisclosed navy officials confirmed to [[Pakistani media|media and news channels]] that the plan of acquiring German submarines has been scrapped, dismissed as the Navy is no longer interested in the German submarines.

The '''X-Craft''' submarines are charged with carrying out the mine laying, torpedo attacks, frogman operations and commando landing, roughly for special forces operations. Three submarines of this class are operated by the Navy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} In 1985, the [[Italian Navy]] signed an understanding memorandum with the Navy and assisted the Navy to locally built these midget submarines.<ref name="PN XCrafts"/> The Italian defence contractor, the [[Cosmos class submarine|COSMOS]], supervised the first construction of the submarine while other two were built by Pakistan.<ref name="PN XCrafts">{{cite web|last=Pakistan Navy |title=X-Craft Submarines |url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/x-crafts.htm |publisher=PN XCrafts |accessdate=9 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208105519/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/x-crafts.htm |archivedate=8 February 2012 }}</ref>

All of the Navy's submarines have been equipped with [[Anti-ship missile]] (AShM) which can be fired while submerged. The three submarines, the Khalid class, are equipped and capable of firing [[Exocet|Exocet missiles]], while the older Agosta 70A submarines have been equipped with United States [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon missiles]]. The PNS ''Hamza'' submarine has an [[Air-independent propulsion|AIP reactor]], containing the [[Air-independent propulsion#Closed cycle steam turbines|MESMA]] Air Independent Propulsion system, while the PNS ''Khalid'' and PNS ''Saad'' were upgraded with the same MESMA AIP reactor system. The Navy also plans to integrate the [[Boeing Harpoon|Boeing Harpoon Block-II]] missile on to its Agosta-90B submarines; and the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing [[Black Shark torpedo]], an Italian made naval variant.

Since 2001, the Navy has been seeking to enhance its strategic strike and precision capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM).<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/>

Since 1964, the submarines have been active with Pakistan Navy, and five active-duty diesel electric submarines and three midget submarines, MG110, are in [[SSGN]] command.<ref name="PN">Anon. (14 April 2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''. {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5hPNTIF3w?url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Submarines
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Origin
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Propulsion
! style="text-align:left; width:34%;"|Comments
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6" | [[Submarines]]
|-
| '''[[Hangor-class Submarine]]''' 
| {{PAK}}
|align=center| '''8'''
| '''2022 to 2028'''
|[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
|The Pakistan government has approved the purchase of eight Submarines at an estimated cost of $5 billion. The deal is confirmed and according to sources the construction process has begun.
According to MoDP Pakistan four submarines will be constructed at KSEW under ToT while the remaining four will be built in China.The sub construction work will start simultaneously in both countries and will be delivered from 2022 to 2028.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1776522/beijing-eyes-bigger-arms-exports-experts-say Beijing eyes bigger arms exports after Pakistan deal, experts say]</ref>
|-
| '''[[Khalid-class submarine]]''' 
[[PNS Khalid (S137)|PNS/M Khalid]] 
[[PNS Saad (S138)|PNS/M Saad]] 
[[PNS Hamza (S139)|PNS/M Hamza]]
| {{PAK}} {{FRA}}
|align=center| '''3'''
| '''1999 to 2008'''
|[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
| PNS ''Khalid'' Build in France delivered since 6 September 1999 PNS ''Saad'' Build in KSEW delivered 13 December 2003 PNS ''Hamza'' Build in KSEW delivered on 26 September 2008.
One Agosta 90B submarine is currently having upgradation at KSEW with Assistance of STM Tukey. Eventually all to be upgraded. Capable of firing Nuclear powered cruise Missile Babur 3.
|-
|'''[[Hashmat-class submarine]]''' [[PNS Hashmat (S135)|PNS/M Hashmat]] [[PNS Hurmat (S136)|PNS/M Hurmat]]
| {{FRA}}
|align=center| '''2'''
| '''1979s'''
|[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric propulsion]] (DEP)
|PNS ''Hashmat'' since 19 February 1979 PNS ''Hurmat'' delivered on 18 February 1980
|-
|'''[[Nuclear submarine|Indigenous Nuclear Submarine]]'''
| {{PAK}}
|align=center|'''1'''
|'''2017-2020 (Projected)'''
|[[Nuclear marine propulsion]] (NMP)
|According to the Navy officials, the project is extremely ambitious, and the first submarine will be locally built in Pakistan. The project is estimated to complete in 5 to 8 years, according to Navy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Star Desk|title=Pakistan Navy to build nuclear submarine|url=http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130418182536/http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|dead-url=yes|archive-date=18 April 2013|accessdate=6 April 2012|newspaper=ARY News|date=10 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Cosmos class submarine|''Cosmos'' Class]]''' X-Craft X-Craft 908B MG 110 Submarine
| {{PAK}} {{ITA}}
|align=center|'''3'''
|1985
|[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric propulsion]] (DEP)
|The ''Cosmos'' class X-Craft submarines are the [[Waves and shallow water|Shallow water]] [[attack submarine]]s (SWAS).{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} All of the submarines were built by Navy locally.<ref name="PN XCrafts"/>
|}

In April 2014, the Pakistan Navy announced that it is in the process of shifting primary operations and naval assets, including its entire fleet of diesel-electric submarines (SSKs), from [[Karachi]] to the [[Jinnah Naval Base]] in [[Ormara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/36959/pakistan-navy-to-shift-submarines-from-karachi-to-ormara|title=Pakistan Navy to shift submarines from Karachi to Ormara|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

===Patrol Craft===

Pakistan currently operates a range of patrol vessels procured from Turkey, China and the USA, as well as some domestically built. They are primarily divided among the 10th Patrol Craft Squadron and the Fast Patrol Craft Squadron.<ref name=paknavyfleet>{{cite web|title=PN DIMENSIONS: SURFACE WARRIORS|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/fleet.html#|website=Pakistan Navy Official Website|publisher=Pakistan Navy|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref>

On 10 June 2015, a formal agreement was signed between the [[Pakistani government]] and the [[China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation|"China Ship Trading Company"]] for the sale of total six patrol boats which will eventually replace the ageing Barkat Class Boats of PMSA.
Of these ships four will be 600ton while two will be 1500 ton. Three (600 ton) and one 1500 ton boats will be built in China, and one 600ton and one 1500 ton at the [[Karachi Shipyard|"Karachi Shipyards and Engineering Works"]]. The contract price was not disclosed but a senior Pakistani official said at least USD 130 million had been allocated.
CSTC (China) has launched two 600 ton boats three months ahead of scheduled time.PMSA Basol is the second ship launced by CSTC.while one 600 ton boat is under construction at KSEW which is expected to be delivered in early 2017.<ref name=janespatcraft>{{cite journal|last1=Bokhari|first1=Farhan|title=Pakistan signs deal with China for six patrol craft|journal=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|date=17 June 2015|volume=52|issue=24|page=17|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref>

==Pakistan Naval Air Arm==
{{Main article|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}
[[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|thumb|A Pakistan Navy P-3C Orion in 2010]]
After realising the naval failure in the 1971 war, the Navy sought to modernise.<ref name="Naval Air Arm, Navy">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Naval Airwar|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/naval_airarm.htm|publisher=Naval Air Arm, Navy|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Navy took the research on using the aircraft at sea in 1971, after the war. Its aerial fighting unit is known as Naval Air Arm (also known as [[Pakistan Naval Aviation|Naval Aviation]]) apart from the PAF. The naval fighter pilot course was introduced by the Navy and trained its fighter pilots at the [[PAF Academy|Pakistan Air Force Academy]], furthermore the navy pilots later went to Combat Commander's School for fighter jet training. Since the 1970s, the naval air arm has become a full-fledged and potent service of the Navy. From 1993 to 1994, the Navy stepped in its efforts in sea-airborne operations when PAF donated and inducted five [[Mirage 5|Mirage 5 ROSE]] fighter jets, later transferred the entire squadron to Navy armed with [[Exocet|Exocet missiles]].<ref name="Repro India Ltd.">{{cite book|last=Anjali|first=Gosh|title=India's Foreign Policy The Pakistan Threat|year=2009|publisher=Repro India Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1025-8|pages=176–180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y32u4JMroQgC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=MIRAGE+5+and+Pakistan+Navy&source=bl&ots=Ic1oORApBI&sig=3prKb5O9VjFQca7uXn_alCal8bg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J-iBT4HLKuTgiAL06u2KAw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=MIRAGE%205%20and%20Pakistan%20Navy&f=true}}</ref> Since then, the Mirage 5 are piloted by the navy fighter pilots after passing the course with PAF Academy and certifying a diploma from a weapons system and combat training school.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Mirage 5 belonged to the PAF as well as operated by the air force, but are piloted by the Navy fighter pilots who are under the command of senior ranking Navy officer.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Westland lynx helicopters have now been removed from active service and a tender has been issued for their removal.<ref>http://www.historyofpia.com/board/october_12/lynx_oct31.jpg</ref>

Pakistan Naval Air Arm Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

==Aircraft inventory==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: left;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left;"|Operational
! style="text-align: left;"|Role
! style="text-align: left;"|Quantity
! style="text-align: left;"|Notes
|-valign="top"
|style="width:170px"| ''' [[P-3C Orion]] [[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|100px]]'''
| 1996
| [[Maritime patrol aircraft|MPA]]
| 7
| Three P-3C Update II.5 aircraft were ordered in 1988 and delivered between 1996 and 1997; one was lost in a crash in October 1999. Seven second-hand P-3C rebuilt to P-3CUP standard were ordered in 2005-2006 and delivered between 2007 and 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan navy planes to get more teeth|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=81365|accessdate=28 March 2014|publisher=expressindia.indianexpress.com|date=14 February 2007}}</ref> A 2011 attack at [[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Airbase]] destroyed two P-3CUP Orion aircraft after which the United States agreed to replace them at a later date.<ref>{{cite news|title=US to replace two P3C Orion aircraft|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/637216/us-to-replace-two-p3c-orion-aircraft|accessdate=28 March 2014|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=17 June 2011}}</ref>
|-valign="top"
| [[Westland Sea King]] [[File:Pakistan Navy Westland Sea King Asuspine-1.jpg|100px]]
| 1974
| [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]], [[Anti-surface warfare|ASuW]], [[Search and rescue|SAR]]
| 6+7 = 13 <ref name="thenews.com.pk">https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/206800-Pakistan-Navy-receives-Sea-King-helicopters</ref>
|Seven additional second-hand Sea Kings procured from the United Kingdom in 2016.<ref>[http://quwa.org/2017/05/25/pakistan-takes-delivery-refurbished-sea-king-helicopters-uk/ The UK hands over 7 refurbished Sea King helicopters to Pakistan]</ref><ref>Lake, Jon. "Westland Sea King: Variant Briefing". World Air Power Journal. Page 130, Volume 25 Summer 1996. London:Aerospace Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-874023-79-1}}. ISSN 0959-7050. pp. 110–135.</ref><ref>http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/seaking/</ref><ref name="thenews.com.pk"/><ref>https://www.geo.tv/latest/143325-uk-handovers-sea-king-helicopters-to-pakistan-navy</ref>
The six older Sea Kings out of which five are over forty years old will be retired.
|-valign="top"
| [[Fokker F27]] [[File:PIA-F27-Lahore-30861.JPG|100px]]
| 1982
| [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]]/Transport
| 5
| Seven acquired in 1980s, five for Navy and two for air force<ref name=OrionGT>{{cite news|title=Pakistan to receive US surveillance P3C Orion this year|url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/758602.shtml|accessdate=9 September 2013|newspaper=[[Global Times]]|date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan to get US surveillance plane this year|url=http://india.nydailynews.com/newsarticle/fb4d113973d662b3fc4d479f86cf4318/pakistan-to-get-us-surveillance-plane-this-year|accessdate=9 September 2013|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)]]|date=28 January 2013}}</ref>
To be retired and replaced with the ATR-72s<ref>https://www.dawn.com/news/776034/aslat-dehshat-to-be-inducted-into-pn-fleet-this-year</ref>
|-valign="top"
| [[Hawker 800]] [[File:Raytheon Hawker-800XP.jpg|100px]]
| 1985
| [[Electronic warfare]]
| 4
| 4 delivered as of 2014.
|-valign="top"
| [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale Alouette III SA-319B]] [[File:Alouette IIICS5.jpg|100px]]
| 1977
| Training, [[Search and rescue|SAR]], Reconnaissance.
| 10<ref>{{cite web|title=Naval Recent Developments|website=http://www.pakakhbar.com/military/navy.html}}</ref>
| 10 delivered as of 2013.
|-valign="top"
| [[Harbin Z-9]] [[File:FS CdG Dauphin.jpg|100px]]
| 2009
| [[anti-submarine warfare]]
| 12
| 12 in service as of 2011.
|-valign="top"
| [[ATR 72|ATR72-212A]] [[File:ATR 72-500 TAROM (YR-ATI)-1.JPG|100px]]
| 2013
| [[Military Transport Aircraft|Transport Aircraft + MPA]]
| 3<ref>{{cite web|title=Recent Naval Developments|website=http://pakakhbar.com/military/navy.html}}</ref>
| Received August 2013. One more additional received in August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Navy gets two ATR 72 aircraft|url=http://dawn.com/news/1036071/navy-gets-two-atr-72-aircraft|accessdate=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Navy ready to counter all threats: naval chief|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013%5C08%5C16%5Cstory_16-8-2013_pg7_14|accessdate=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]]|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Two ATR-72 aircraft inducted in PN fleet|url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/108-pakistan-top-news/131468-two-atr-72-aircraft-inducted-in-pn-fleet.html|accessdate=16 August 2013|newspaper=[[Business Recorder]]|date=15 August 2013}}</ref>
|}

===Pakistan Naval Air Defence===
{{Main article|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}

In 2010, the Navy established another command after launching an air defence system, using the [[infrared homing]] [[man-portable air-defense systems]] (MANPADs) system.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} The new command which is known as Pakistan Naval Air Defence (PNAD) are consisted the members of [[Pakistan Marines]] and Navy's ground officers after the first battalion graduated from the [[Special Service Group|Naval School of Weapon System Engineering]].<ref name="Press Release, PN">{{cite news|title=Pakistan Navy Air Defence System|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JX_uLra0h8|accessdate=9 April 2012|newspaper=Press Release, PN|date=27 December 2010}}</ref> In 2010, the command air-launched and tested its first naval air defence system from [[Sonmiani (space facility)|Sonmiani Terminal]]— a space center of [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission|Space Research Commission]] (SRC) in the North Arabian Sea.<ref name="The News International, March 13, 2010">{{cite news|last=Our Correspondents|title=Pakistan Navy tests weapon system|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=228661&Cat=4&dt=3/13/2010|accessdate=9 April 2012|newspaper=The News International, 13 March 2010|date=13 March 2010}}</ref> Along with the members of Pakistan Marines, the PNAD members are deployed in all over the country to support the marine operations of Pakistan Navy.

*[[FN-6|FN16 Or HY-6 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile]], tested on 25 December 2010 by Naval Marines with a range of 6 km and altitude ~ 3.5 km)
*[[Mistral (missile)|Mistral shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile]], test fired on 25 December 2010 by Naval marines.

==See also==
* [[Hangor-class submarine]]
{{Portal|Pakistan|Military of Pakistan}}
*[[Maritime Security Agency]]
*[[Pakistan Naval Academy]]
*[[Pakistan Navy War College]]
*[[Kalmat Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Ahsan|Ahsan Naval Base]]
*[[Jinnah Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Makran|Makran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Qasim|Qasim Marine Base]]

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|30em}}
;Internet
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947–2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | accessdate=22 June 2005}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.paknavy.gov.pk}}

{{Pakistani Armed Forces}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}
{{Asia topic|Navy of|title=Navies of Asia}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy|*]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1947]]
[[Category:Government of Pakistan]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan federal departments and agencies]]
[[Category:Military of Pakistan]]