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Swagbucks

2015-07-02T03:33:09Z

Cncmaster: Reverted edits by Burntdollar (talk) to last version by Sonicwave32

{{Infobox dot-com company
| name = Swagbucks
| company_type =
| company_executives =
| foundation =
| location = {{US}}
| revenue = $54 million (2013)
| date=
| net_income =
| num_employees =
| url = http://www.swagbucks.com/
| ipv6 =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| website_type = Rewards, Loyalty Program
| language = [[English language|English]]
| registration = Required, services free
| num_users = 12+ Million
| key_people = Chuck Davis, Josef Gorowitz, Scott Dudelson, Eron Zehavi
| launch_date = February 25, 2008 (6 Years)
| alexa ={{IncreaseNegative}} 708 ({{as of|2015|04|30|alt=April 2015}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/swagbucks.com |title= swagbucks.com Site Info | publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 2015-04-30 }}</ref>
| current_status = Active
| publisher=
}}

'''Swagbucks.com''' is an [[El Segundo, California]]-based [[Online shopping rewards|online rewards]] destination by Prodege LLC. It enables users to earn a virtual currency called Swag Bucks by performing a variety of online activities, including searching, shopping, taking surveys, playing games, and discovering online content, and then to redeem those Swag Bucks for retail gift cards, PayPal cash, or other rewards. As of April 2015, Swagbucks.com is ranked by [[Alexa Internet]] as the 170th most visited website in the United States and the 708th most trafficked website globally.<ref>[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/swagbucks.com SwagBucks.com Site Info]</ref> As of March 2015, the site serves more than 12 million members and has awarded more than $89 million in retail gift card rewards to its members. The site operates in the U.S., Canada, UK, and Australia.

== History ==

Swagbucks' website is owned and operated by Prodege, a provider of digital services, including an online rewards portal (Swagbucks), content distribution platforms (Yowgo, nCrave), and an online polling technology platform (SodaHead).<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9913701-7.html?tag=bl Searching for swag: Music to fans' ears | News Blogs - CNET News]</ref>

In 2006, Prodege introduced its first product: private label search engines that allowed charities to raise funds by having supporters perform internet searches.<ref>[http://stepbystepfundraising.com/online-fundraising-prodege/ Raise Funds by Searching the Internet: Prodege]</ref><ref>[http://socaltech.com/interview_with_scott_dudelson_swagbucks/s-0036667.html Interview with Scott Dudelson, SwagBucks | socalTECH.com]</ref> In early 2007, Prodege developed a second search [[Loyalty program|loyalty product]] that allowed celebrities, brands and sports teams to engage fans through their own branded rewards program offering "swag" merchandise. Musicians including [[Kanye West]]<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1046622/billboard-bits-dr-john-kanye-west Billboard Bits: Dr. John, Kanye West | Billboard.com]</ref> and [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], and sports properties like [[WWE]] and the [[Indianapolis Colts]] were among the users of the platform. In February 2008, Prodege launched its current business, Swagbucks.com - under Co-Founders Josef Gorowitz and Scott Dudelson - and introduced the Swag Buck as a digital currency earned for activity throughout its network of websites.

In January 2013, Prodege Founder Josef Gorowitz appointed former Shopzilla and Fandango CEO Chuck Davis as the company's executive chairman. Davis led the 2005 sale of Shopzilla to E.W. Scripps for $569 million,<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/10/technology/10ecom.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0 Online Movie Tickets a Still-Evolving Force | NY Times]</ref> and the 2007 sale of Fandango to Comcast Corp. for an undisclosed amount.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&refer=&sid=a.o_T309wN5w Comcast Agrees to Buy Fandango, Online Ticket Seller | Bloomberg]</ref>

In May 2014, Prodege announced that Technology Crossover Ventures (TCV) had invested $60 million into Prodege,<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-swagbucks-raises-60-million-former-fandango-chief-named-ceo-20140512-story.html Swagbucks raises $60 million; former Fandango chief named CEO | LA Times]</ref> parent company of Swagbucks and other portfolio brands, and that Prodege also had appointed Executive Chairman Chuck Davis as its new CEO and Chairman,<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/lorikozlowski/2014/01/29/cash-for-internet/ Cash For Internet: How And Why One Site Pays For Clicks | Forbes]</ref> while Josef Gorowitz assumed the title of Founder and President. This was the company’s first external investment. Prior to the TCV investment, Prodege had been fully bootstrapped and had grown to $53 million in profitable revenue in 2013.

In July 2014, Prodege announced its acquisition of [[SodaHead.com]], an online polling technology platform founded by Jason Feffer.<ref>[http://upstart.bizjournals.com/money/loot/2014/07/31/swagbucks-acquires-sodahead-and-now-they-ll-be-key.html?page=all Swagbucks acquires SodaHead and now they’ll be key players in web polling | Upstart Business Journals]</ref> SodaHead.com CEO Chris Dominguez and Founder Jason Feffer joined Prodege’s executive leadership team in the move. SodaHead operates a consumer website and provides polling technology to media partners including ESPN, FOX News, and Good Morning America.

== Full site ==
Members of the Swagbucks program are able to earn and redeem Swag Bucks in a variety of ways through the SwagBucks website and mobile apps.

While a single Swag Buck is generally worth 1 US cent (¢), the value may be greater when used for certain rewards.

Earning:

* Searching- Swagbucks hosts a custom search engine that will periodically reward registered users with random amounts of Swag Bucks. The selection of winners is completely random, and it is emphasized that searching more often will not necessarily increase the odds of winning.

* Special Offers- Members may earn Swag Bucks by completing various offers made by third-party companies via the SwagBucks website or mobile app.

* Swagbucks TV- Members can discover and watch videos selected by the user, in a similar fashion to YouTube.

* Surveys- Members may complete market-research surveys from third parties to receive Swag Bucks. Generally, surveys take longer to complete than other activities, and consequently the payouts are larger on average.

* Shopping- Members may use the Shop and Earn feature to shop at a number of popular online e-commerce retailers (Walmart, Target, Apple, Kmart, etc.) and receive a set amount of Swag Bucks per dollar spent, in a “cash-back” format.

* Games- Members may play online casual games to earn Swag Bucks.

* Swag Codes- Special text codes can be periodically found on the Swag Bucks network and can be entered into a special Swag Codes box in the menu bar to earn Swag Bucks. These can appear and expire anytime.

* Referral Program- A current user can invite another person to use Swagbucks. If the other person signs up as a new Swagbucks user using the current user’s referral link, the current user will earn a referral fee equal to a percentage of the Swag Bucks earned over time by the new user.

* Daily Goals- A meter on the home page shows an amount of Swag Bucks that is the user's goal for that day. If the goal is reached, bonus Swag Bucks will be awarded at the start of the next month. These bonuses accumulate, and meeting the goal for many days in a row will earn additional bonuses.

* Hourly Random Winner- Users that are logged in to the site can check the SwagBucks blog every hour. If their username and avatar is displayed in the "Hourly Winner" section, the user can click "Claim Your Swagbucks" and may earn 1,000 Swag Bucks. The hourly random winner is now seen in the [http://blog.swagbucks.com blog].

Redemption:

* Rewards Store- Users can redeem their Swag Bucks for a variety of popular retailer gift cards that are delivered in an electronic format, as well as PayPal cash and other redemption options. The site’s most popular rewards include retail gift cards from dozens of top Internet retailers, including Amazon, Walmart, Target and others.

* Swagstakes- Sweepstakes that require the user to pay for entries in Swag Bucks. Depending on the usual price of the item being offered, the entry amounts change. Some of the rewards are Swag Buck giveaways, which, if won, credit the user's account with more Swag Bucks.

== Mobile site and applications ==
A mobile version of the SwagBucks site is available for use on smartphones like [[iPhone]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] devices. It is a stripped-down version of the regular site that contains fewer features, but is optimized for use via touchscreen.

Earning:

* Searching: Just like the regular site, users can search using the mobile site and periodically earn Swag Bucks.

* Special Offers: A mobile version of the special offers on the regular SwagBucks site.

* Daily Poll: Also available on the regular site, a new poll is posted each day, and answering it rewards 1 Swag Buck.

Redeeming:

* A selection of popular gift cards for major retailers are available on mobile, including Amazon, Walmart, Target and others.

===Swagbucks mobile apps for iOS and Android===
Swagbucks has released mobile apps on both [[Google Play]] and the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] that allow the user to check their Swag Bucks balances, perform mobile searches, answer the daily poll, complete special offers, and redeem Swag Bucks for a selection of popular gift cards for major retailers, including Amazon, Walmart, Target and others. These apps are currently only available in the U.S.

===Swagbucks TV===
Swagbucks has also released separate mobile apps on both Google Play and the Apple App Store for the SwagBucks TV feature. These apps are currently only available in the U.S.

==Awards and Accolades==
{{awards table}}
|-
| 2014
| ''Josef Gorowitz, Founder of Prodege / Swagbucks''
| Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year: Los Angeles, Advertising Category
| {{won}}
|-
| 2014
| ''Brad Kates, CFO of Prodege / Swagbucks''
| Los Angeles Business Journal: CFO of the Year
| {{won}}
|-
| 2014
| ''Shane O'Neill, CTO of Prodege / Swagbucks''
| Los Angeles Business Journal: CIO of the Year
| {{nominated}}
|-
| 2011-2014
| ''Prodege / Swagbucks, #28 for 2014''
| Los Angeles Business Journal, Best Places to Work Awards
| {{won}}
|-
| 2011-2014
|''Prodege / Swagbucks, #41 for 2014''
| Los Angeles Business Journal Fast Growing Private Companies
| {{won}}
|-
| 2013-2014
| ''Prodege / Swagbucks, #96 for 2014''
| Deloitte Fast 500 Fastest Growing Private Companies
| {{won}}
|-
| 2011 - 2014
| ''Prodege / Swagbucks, #1,245 for 2014
| Inc. 5000
| {{won}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.swagbucks.com Homepage]
* [http://blog.swagbucks.com/ Swagbucks Official Blog]


[[Category:World Wide Web]]
[[Category:Marketing]]
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]
[[Category:Reward websites]]

Liste ungewöhnlicher Todesfälle

2013-06-25T01:28:04Z

Cncmaster: /* 1970s */ dies -> died

{{AfDM|page=List of unusual deaths (3rd nomination)|year=2013|month=June|day=25|substed=yes|origtag=afdx|help=off}}

{{dynamic list}}
{{original research|date=September 2012}}

This is a '''list of unusual deaths'''. This list includes unique or extremely rare circumstances of death recorded throughout history, noted as being unusual by multiple sources. Some of the deaths are mythological or are considered to be unsubstantiated by contemporary researchers.

Some other articles also cover deaths that might be considered unusual or ironic, including [[List of entertainers who died during a performance]], [[List of inventors killed by their own inventions]], [[List of association footballers who died while playing]], [[List of professional cyclists who died during a race]] and the [[List of political self-immolations]].
{{TOC limit|2}}

== Antiquity ==
[[File:Aischylos 1885.jpg|thumb|right|The tragedian [[Aeschylus]] was killed by a tortoise dropped from a height by an eagle.<ref name=CGC>{{citation |page=136 |quote=The unusual nature of Aeschylus's death... |title=A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization |author=J. C. McKeown |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=9780199982103}}</ref><ref name=tortue>{{citation |title=La tortue d'Eschyle et autres morts stupides de l'Histoire |isbn=9782352042211 |publisher=Editions Les Arènes |year=2012}}</ref>]]
{{Hatnote|'''Note:''' Many of these stories are likely to be [[wikt:apocryphal|apocryphal]].}}

*[[Circa|c.]] 620 BC: '''[[Draco (lawgiver)|Draco]]''', Athenian law-maker, was smothered to death by gifts of cloaks showered upon him by appreciative citizens at a theatre on [[Aegina]].<ref>Suidas. "[http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?login=guest&enlogin=guest&db=REAL&field=adlerhw_gr&searchstr=delta,1495&filter=CD-Unicode {{lang|grc|Δράκων}}]", ''Suda On Line'', Adler number delta, 1495.</ref>
*564 BC: '''[[Arrhichion]] of [[Phigalia]]''', Greek [[Pankration|pankratiast]], caused his own death in order to win the [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic]] finals. Held by his unidentified opponent in a stranglehold and unable to free himself, Arrichion's trainer shouted "What a fine funeral if you do not submit at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]]!" Arrichion then kicked his opponent with his right foot while casting his body to the left, causing his opponent so much pain that he made the sign of defeat to the [[umpire]]s, while at the same time breaking Arrichion's own neck as the other fighter was still strangleholding him. Since the opponent had conceded defeat, Arrichion was proclaimed victor posthumously.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ancientolympics.arts.kuleuven.be/eng/TP001EN.html|title=Ancient Olympics - Arrichion|publisher=[[KU Leuven]]|year=2012|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref>
*455 BC: '''[[Aeschylus]]''', the great Athenian author of [[tragedy|tragedies]]. [[Valerius Maximus]] wrote that he was killed by a [[tortoise]] dropped by an eagle which had mistook his head for a rock suitable for shattering the shell of the reptile. [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], in his ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Naturalis Historiæ]]'', adds that Aeschylus had been staying outdoors to avoid a prophecy that he would be killed by a falling object.<ref name=CGC/><ref name=tortue/>
*401 BC: '''[[Mithridates (soldier)|Mithridates]]''', a soldier condemned for the murder of [[Cyrus the Younger]], was executed by [[scaphism]], surviving the insect torture for 17 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bostonleadershipbuilders.com/plutarch/artaxerxes.htm |title=Plutarch's Life of Artaxerxes |publisher=Bostonleadershipbuilders.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
*270 BC: '''[[Philitas of Cos]]''', Greek intellectual, is said by [[Athenaeus]] to have studied arguments and erroneous word usage so intensely that he wasted away and starved to death.<ref>[[Athenaeus]], ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'', [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV2.p0115 9.401e].</ref> British classicist [[Alan Cameron (classical scholar)|Alan Cameron]] speculates that Philitas died from a [[wasting]] disease which his contemporaries joked was caused by his [[pedant]]ry.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= The Classical Quarterly |volume=41 |issue=2 |year=1991 |pages=534–8 |author=Alan Cameron |title= How thin was Philitas? |doi= 10.1017/S0009838800004717}}</ref>
*210 BC: '''[[Qin Shi Huang]]''', the first [[Emperor of China]], died after ingesting several pills of [[mercury poisoning|mercury]] in the belief that it would grant him [[Immortality|eternal life]].<ref>Wright, David Curtis (2001). The History of China. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 49. ISBN 0-313-30940-X.</ref>
*162 BC: '''[[Eleazar Avaran|Eleazar Maccabeus]]''' was crushed to death at the [[Battle of Beth Zechariah]] by a [[war elephant]] that he believed to be carrying [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid]] King [[Antiochus V]]. Charging into battle, Eleazar rushed underneath the elephant and thrust a spear into its belly, whereupon it fell dead on top of him.<ref>Scullard, H.H ''The Elephant in the Greek and Roman World'' Thames and Hudson. 1974 pg 186.</ref>
*c. 98: '''[[Antipas of Pergamum|Saint Antipas]]''', Bishop of [[Pergamon]], was roasted to death in a [[brazen bull]] during the persecutions of Emperor [[Domitian]]. [[Saint Eustace]], his wife and children supposedly suffered a similar fate under [[Hadrian]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/antipas.html |title=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, WA |publisher=Home.iprimus.com.au |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*212: '''[[Lucius Fabius Cilo]]''', a [[Roman senator]] of the 2nd century, "...choked...by a single hair in a draught of milk".<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], {{cite web |title=Nat. History, vii ''7'' |url= http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/7*.html}}</ref>
*258: According to tradition, '''[[Saint]] [[Lawrence of Rome]]''' was roasted alive on a giant grill, during the persecution of [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]].<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=366 "St. Lawrence - Martyr" at catholic.org]</ref><ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-lawrence-of-rome/ "Saint Lawrence of Rome" at saints.sqpn.com]</ref>
*336: '''[[Arius]]''', [[presbyter]] of [[Alexandria]], [[Arius#Exile, return, and death|is said]] to have died of sudden diarrhea followed by copious [[Bleeding|hemorrhaging]] and anal expulsion of the [[intestine]]s while he walked across the imperial forum in [[Constantinople]]. He may have been poisoned.<ref>[[Gregory of Tours]], ''History of the Franks'' 2.23.</ref>
*415: '''[[Hypatia]] of Alexandria''', Greek mathematician, philosopher and last librarian of the [[Library of Alexandria]], was murdered by a [[Christianity|Christian]] mob that ripped off her skin with sharp seashells. Various types of shells have been named, including clams, oysters and abalones. Other sources claim tiles or pottery [[Sherd|shard]]s were used.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hypatia.html |title=Hypatia biography |publisher=History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>

== Middle Ages ==
[[File:Charles le Mauvais.jpg|thumb|upright|An illustration of [[Charles II of Navarre]], burned alive when brandy-soaked bandages, in which he was wrapped, were set on fire.]]
*762: '''[[Li Bai|Li Po (Li Bai)]]''', Chinese poet and [[courtier]], supposedly tried to kiss the reflection of the [[Moon]] beside the boat in which he was travelling, fell overboard and drowned.<ref>''[[The Book of Lists]]'', 2004 edition. "...Some scholars believed he actually died of [[cirrhosis]]." Compare [[Li Bai#Death]].</ref>
*892: '''[[Sigurd Eysteinsson|Sigurd the Mighty]]''' of [[Orkney]] strapped the head of his defeated foe, [[Máel Brigte of Moray|Máel Brigte]], to his horse's saddle. The teeth of the head grazed against his leg as he rode, causing a fatal infection.<ref>Translations of the ''Orkneyinga saga'' (chapters 4 and 5), which relates the story, can be read online at [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/ice/is3/is302.htm Sacred texts] and [http://www.northvegr.org/lore/orkney/001.php Northvegr].</ref>
*1063: '''[[Béla I of Hungary]]''' died when his wooden throne collapsed upon him.<ref name=EBO2012>{{ cite web | title = Bela I | year = 2012 | work = [[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59031/Bela-I | accessdate = 13 August 2012}}</ref>
*1131: '''[[Philip of France (1116–1131)|Crown Prince Philip of France]]''' died while riding through Paris, when his horse tripped over a black pig running out of a dung heap.<ref>Ordericus Vitalis, ''The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy'', v. 4, p. 129</ref>
*1219: '''[[Inalchuq]]''', the [[Muslim]] governor of the city of [[Otrar]] in [[Central Asia]], was ordered to be executed by [[Genghis Khan]] by pouring molten silver in his eyes and ears in vengeance for his execution of [[Mongols|Mongol]] traders the year before.<ref>Crowdy, Terry (2006) ''The Enemy Within: A history of spies, spymasters and espionage.'' Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford, pg. 48</ref>
*1258: '''[[Al-Musta'sim]]''', the last [[Abbasid]] [[Caliph]] of [[Baghdad]], was executed by his [[Mongols|Mongol]] captors by being rolled up in a rug and then trampled by horses.<ref>{{cite book|last=Frater|first=Jamie|title= Listverse.Com's Ultimate Book of Bizarre Lists|year=2010|publisher=Ulysses Press|location=Canada|isbn= 9781569758175|pages=400}}.</ref>
*1327: '''[[Edward II of England]]''', after being deposed and imprisoned by his [[Queen consort|wife]] [[Isabella of France|Isabella]] and her lover [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March|Roger Mortimer]], was rumoured to have been murdered by having a [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]] pushed into his anus through which a red-hot iron was inserted, burning out his internal organs without marking his body.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schama |first=Simon |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=A History of Great Britain: 3000BC-AD1603|year=2000 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location= London|id= }} p.220</ref><ref>[http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=176011 A red-hot poker? It was just a red herring | General | Times Higher Education]</ref> However, as Seymour Phillips observes in his recent biography of the king, there is no real academic consensus on the manner of Edward II's death and it has been plausibly argued (for example, by Ian Mortimer) that the story is effectively propaganda.<ref>Phillips, Seymour, Edward II, Yale University Press, copyright 2010. pgs 560-565.</ref>
*1387: '''[[Charles II of Navarre]]''', after having been wrapped in bandages soaked in brandy in an attempt to cure an illness, was burned alive when a servant accidentally set the bandages on fire.<ref>Barbara Tuchman;''A Distant Mirror'', 1978, Alfred A Knopf Ltd</ref>
*1410: '''[[Martin of Aragon]]''' died from a combination of indigestion and [[Death from laughter|uncontrollable laughing]].<ref>[http://www.cc.jyu.fi/mirator/pdf/Morris.pdf "Patronage and Piety – Montserrat and the Royal House of Medieval Catalonia-Aragon"]{{dead link|date=March 2011}}, Paul N. Morris, ''Mirator Lokakuu'', October, 2000</ref>
*1478: '''[[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence|George Plantagenet]]''', [[Duke of Clarence]], was executed by drowning in a barrel of [[Malvasia|Malmsey wine]] at his own request.<ref>Thompson, C. J. S. ''Mysteries of History with Accounts of Some Remarkable Characters and Charlatans'', pp. 31 ''ff.'' Kila, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.</ref>

== Renaissance ==
[[File:PietroAretinobyMarcantonio.PNG|thumb|150px|Pietro Aretino, who died from [[Death from laughter|uncontrollable laughter]]]].

*1518: In the '''[[Dancing Plague of 1518]]''' a woman (and eventually a league of 400 people) uncontrollably danced for a month causing dozens of participants to die of stroke and exhaustion. The reason for this occurrence is still unclear.<ref name="Discovery Viegas">{{cite web |url= http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/08/01/dancing-death-mystery.html |title= 'Dancing Plague' and Other Odd Afflictions Explained |first= Jennifer |last= Viegas |date= 1 August 2008 |work= Discovery News |publisher= [[Discovery Communications]] |accessdate= 8 August 2008 }}</ref>{{dead link|date=April 2013}}
*1552: '''Henry Pert''' a gentleman, of [[Welbeck]], [[Nottinghamshire]], died when he stretched his bow to full extent and the arrow got lodged. While leaning over to look, the arrow released.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC News - 10 strange ways Tudors died|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-13762313}}</ref>
*1556: '''[[Pietro Aretino]]''', an Italian poet, satirist and pornographer, is said to have died by suffocation caused by [[Death from laughter|uncontrollable laughter]].<ref>Waterfield, Gordon, ed. ''First Footsteps in East Africa'', (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1966) pg. 59 footnote.</ref>
*1567: '''Hans Steininger''', the [[burgomaster]] of [[Brunau]], [[Austria]], died when he broke his neck by tripping over his own beard.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hall |first1= Charles Winslow|year=1910 |title=The Nobility of the Trades: Barbers and Hairdressers|journal= National Magazine|volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=472 |publisher= |date=April 1910}}</ref> The beard, which was 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) long at the time, was usually kept rolled up in a leather pouch.<ref>{{cite web|title=HowStuffWorks - 10 Bizarre Ways to Die|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/10-ways-to-die3.htm}}</ref>
*1667: '''James Betts''' died from asphyxiation after being sealed in a cupboard by Elizabeth Spencer, at [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]] in an attempt to hide him from her father, [[John Spencer (Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge)|John Spencer]].<ref name=Rackham>{{cite book| last = Rackham | first = Oliver | title= Treasures of Silver at Corpus Christi College | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-521-81880-X}}</ref><ref name="Corpus Christi College">{{cite web|url=http://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/about-corpus/maps-and-tours/take-a-virtual-tour/225|title=Corpus Christi Website -Corpus Ghost|publisher=Corpus Christi College}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Guiley| first = Rosemary Ellen | title= The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits | publisher = Checkmark books| edition = 2nd | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-8160-4086-5}}</ref>

== 18th century ==
[[File:Crown prince Sado of Joseon.jpg|thumb|upright|Crown Prince Sado was sealed alive in a rice chest to prevent him inheriting the throne of Korea.<ref name=sado/>]]
*1755: '''[[Henry Hall (lighthouse keeper)|Henry Hall]]''' died from injuries he sustained after molten lead fell into his throat while he was looking up at [[Eddystone Lighthouse|a burning lighthouse]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mOgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Universal magazine |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-07|year=1757}}</ref>

*1762: '''[[Crown Prince Sado]]''', then-heir to [[Kingdom of Korea|King]] [[Yeongjo of Joseon]], was ordered to be sealed alive in a rice chest after his father decided he was unfit to succeed him.<ref name=sado>{{cite web | url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/11/142_56275.html | title=Book Reconstitutes Secret of Prince Sado's Death | work=The Korea Times | date=November 27, 2009 | accessdate=May 30, 2011 | author=Ah-young Chung}}</ref>

*1771: '''[[Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden]]''', died of digestion problems on 12 February 1771 after having consumed a meal of lobster, caviar, sauerkraut, smoked herring and champagne, topped off with 14 servings of his favourite dessert: [[semla|hetvägg]] served in a bowl of hot milk.<ref>[http://www.thelocal.se/6470/20070220/ The lowdown on Sweden's best buns] ''The Local'', February 2007</ref> He is thus remembered by Swedish schoolchildren as "the king who ate himself to death."<ref>[http://www.messengernews.net/page/content.detail/id/503630.html?nav=5007 Semlor are Swedish treat for Lent] Sandy Mickelson, ''The Messenger'', 27 February 2008</ref>

*1783: '''[[James Otis, Jr.]]''', the [[American Revolution]]ary, "often mentioned to friends and relatives that ... he hoped his death would come from a bolt of [[lightning]]." His hope was fulfilled on May 23, 1783 when lightning struck the chimney of a friend's house in whose doorway he was standing.<ref name="Book of Lists">''[[The Book of Lists]]'', 2004 edition.</ref>

*1794: '''[[John Kendrick (American sea captain)|John Kendrick]]''', an American sea captain and explorer, was killed in the [[Hawaii|Hawaiian Islands]] when a British ship mistakenly used a loaded cannon to fire a salute to Kendrick's vessel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=1983 |title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online |publisher=Biographi.ca |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== 19th century ==
*1816: '''[[Gouverneur Morris]]''', an American statesman, died after sticking a piece of whale bone through his urinary tract to relieve a blockage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Adams|first=William Howard|title=Gouverneur Morris: an independent life|year=2003|publisher=Yale University Press|url=http://books.google.com/?id=GYxgEf7VbMcC&pg=PA323&dq=Gouverneur+Morris++whalebone#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0-300-09980-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kirschke|first=James J.|title=Gouverneur Morris: author, statesman, and man of the world|year=2005|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-312-24195-X|url=http://books.google.com/?id=MkqBV79cVMkC&pg=PA265&lpg=PA265&dq=Gouverneur+Morris++whalebone#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>
*1830: '''[[William Huskisson]]''', statesman and financier, was run over by a locomotive ([[Stephenson's Rocket]]), at the public opening of the world's first mechanically powered passenger railway, becoming the first person ever to die in a [[railway accident]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jfkYX1Ul0_oC&pg=PA101 |title=Mesmerists, Monsters, And Machines |author=Martin Willis |publisher=Kent State University Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780873388573}}</ref>
*1834: '''[[David Douglas]]''', Scottish [[botany|botanist]], fell into a [[pit trap]] where he was trampled by a wild bull.<ref>{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=74QkpEL5TCoC&pg=PA106 |title=Early American Naturalists: Exploring The American West, 1804-1900 |page=106 |author=John Moring |publisher=Taylor Trade Publications |year=2005 |isbn=9781589791831}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yDC7gu-sCMsC&pg=PA160 |page=160 |title=Flower Hunters |author=John and Mary Gribbin |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=9780192807182}}</ref>
*1870: '''Alain de Monéys''', French [[Aristocracy|aristocrat]], was cooked and eaten alive by the villagers of [[Hautefaye]], [[Dordogne]], during a reported case of [[mass hysteria]].<ref>Corbin, Alain (1992) ''The Village of Cannibals: Rage and murder in France, 1870.'' Harvard College. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer.</ref>
*1871: '''[[Clement Vallandigham]]''', a lawyer and Ohio politician, was demonstrating how a victim may possibly have shot himself while drawing a weapon from a kneeling position when he shot himself in the process. Though the defendant, Thomas McGehan, was ultimately cleared, Vallandigham died from his wound.<ref>[http://www.historiclebanonohio.com/?q=vallandigham Death of Clement Vallandigham | HistoricLebanonOhio.com]</ref>

== 20th century ==

=== 1920s ===
*1920: '''[[Ray Chapman|Ray "Chappie" Chapman]]''', shortstop for the Cleveland Indians baseball team, was killed when a [[submarine (baseball)|submarine ball]] thrown by [[Carl Mays]] hit him in the [[temple (anatomy)|temple]]. Chapman collapsed at the plate, and died about 12 hours later. He remains the only major league baseball player killed by a pitched ball.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/08.17.html ''The Death of Ray Chapman'', The New York Times, August 17, 1920]</ref>
*1920: '''[[Dan Andersson]]''', a Swedish author, died of cyanide poisoning while staying at Hotel Hellman in [[Stockholm]]. The hotel staff had failed to clear the room after using hydrogen cyanide against [[bed bug]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://litteraturbanken.se/#!forfattare/AnderssonD/presentation |title=Dan Andersson (1888–1920)}}</ref>
*1920: '''[[Alexander of Greece|Alexander I]]''', King of the Hellenes, was taking a walk in the [[National Garden of Athens|Royal Gardens]], when his dog was attacked by a monkey. The King attempted to defend his dog, receiving bites from both the monkey and its mate.<ref>[[John Van der Kiste]], ''Kings of the Hellenes'' (Alan Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Gloucestershire, England, 1994) ISBN 0-7509-0525-5 p. 119</ref> The diseased animals' bites caused [[sepsis]] and Alexander died three weeks later.
*1923: '''[[Frank Hayes (jockey)|Frank Hayes]]''', a [[jockey]] at [[Belmont Park]], [[New York]], died of a heart attack during his first race. His mount finished first with his body still attached to the saddle, and he was only discovered to be dead when the horse's owner went to congratulate him.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60B13F83C5416738DDDAC0894DE405B838EF1D3&scp=1&sq=jockey+hayes&st=p|title=Jockey Dies as He Wins His First Race; Hayes Collapses Passing the Winning Post |work=The New York Times |date=June 5, 1923 |accessdate=Feb 20, 2011}}</ref>
*1923: '''[[George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon]]''', died allegedly because of the so-called [[Curse of the pharaohs|King Tut's Curse]] after a mosquito bite on his face, which he cut while shaving, became seriously infected with [[erysipelas]], leading to blood poisoning and eventually pneumonia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/carnarvon.htm |title=The Life of Lord Carnarvon |publisher=Touregypt.net |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Carnarvon Is Dead Of An Insect's Bite At Pharaoh's Tomb. Blood Poisoning and Ensuing Pneumonia Conquer Tut-ankh-Amen Discoverer in Egypt. |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20C11F7355416738DDDAC0894DC405B838EF1D3 |quote=The Earl of Carnarvon died peacefully at 2 o'clock this morning. He was conscious almost to the end. |work=[[New York Times]] |date=April 5, 1923 |accessdate=2008-08-12 }}</ref>

*1925: '''[[Zishe Breitbart|Zishe (Siegmund) Breitbart]]''', a circus strongman and Jewish folklore hero, died after demonstrating he could drive a spike through five one-inch (2.54 cm) thick oak boards using only his bare hands. He accidentally pierced his knee and the rusted spike caused an infection which led to fatal blood poisoning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Competition/Breitbart/breitbart-index.htm |title=Siegmund Breitbart |publisher=Sandowplus.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1926: '''Phillip McClean''', 16, from [[Queensland]], Australia became the only person documented to have been killed by a [[cassowary]]. After encountering the bird on their family property near [[Mossman, Queensland|Mossman]] in April,<ref>{{cite book|last=Christensen|first=Liana|title=Deadly Beautiful: Vanishing Killers of the Animal Kingdom|year=2011|publisher=Exisle Publishing|location=Wollombi, NSW|isbn=9781921497223|page=272}}</ref> McClean and his brother decided to kill it with clubs. When McClean struck the bird it knocked him down, then kicked him in the neck, opening a 1.25 cm (0.5 in) long cut in one of his main blood vessels. Though the boy managed to get back on his feet and run away, he collapsed a short while later and died from the hemorrhage.<ref>Kofron, Christopher P., Chapman, Angela. (2006) "Causes of mortality to the endangered Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuariusjohnsonii in Queensland, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology vol. 12: 175–179</ref>
*1926: '''[[Harry Houdini]]''', the famous American escape artist, was punched in the stomach by an amateur boxer. Though this had been done with Houdini's permission, complications from this injury may have caused him to die days later, on October 31, 1926. It was later determined that Houdini died of a ruptured appendix,<ref>{{cite web|title=Harry Houdini – Biography|url=http://www.apl.org/history/houdini/biography.html|publisher=Appleton History|accessdate=August 4, 2009}}</ref> though it is contested as to whether or not the punches actually caused the appendicitis.<ref>{{cite web|title=Death of Houdini|url=http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/houdini.asp|publisher=Urban Legends Reference Paces|accessdate=May 9, 2012}}</ref>
*1927: '''[[Isadora Duncan]]''', dancer, died of a broken neck when her long scarf caught on the wheel of a car in which she was a passenger.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Ismene|title=Isadora Duncan, Sublime or Ridiculous?|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/dance/4949201/Isadora-Duncan-sublime-or-ridiculous.html|publisher=The Telegraph|date=March 6, 2009|accessdate=2013-04-26}}</ref>

=== 1930s ===
*1930: '''[[William Kogut]]''', an inmate on death row at [[San Quentin State Prison|San Quentin]], committed suicide with a pipe bomb created from several packs of playing cards and the hollow leg from his cot. At the time, the red ink in playing cards contained flammable [[nitrocellulose]], which when wet can create an explosive mixture. Kogut used the heater in his cell to activate the bomb.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/kogut.asp |title=Death by Playing Cards – Solitaire |publisher=Snopes.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
*1932: '''[[Eben Byers]]''', an American golfer and industrialist, died from multiple cancers caused by drinking more than 1400 bottles of a radioactive "health potion" called [[Radithor]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Death Stirs Action on Radium 'Cures'. |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F16F93D5A13738DDDAB0894DC405B828FF1D3 |quote=Federal and local agencies, as well as medical authorities in various parts of the country, were stirred to action yesterday as a result of the death of Eben M. Byers, wealthy Pittsburgh steel manufacturer and sportsman, who died here Wednesday at the Doctors' Hospital from causes attributed to radium poisoning resulting from the drinking of water containing radium in solution. ... |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=April 2, 1932 |accessdate=2011-10-01 }}</ref>
*1933: '''[[Michael Malloy]]''', a homeless man, was murdered by five men in a plot to collect on [[life insurance]] policies they had purchased. After surviving multiple poisonings, intentional exposure, and being struck by a car, Malloy succumbed to gassing.<ref>{{cite book |last=Read |first=Simon |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Bizarre Killing of Michael Malloy |year=2005 |publisher=Penguin Book Group |location= |id= |isbn=0-425-20678-5 }}</ref>

=== 1940s ===

*1941: '''[[Sherwood Anderson]]''', writer, died of [[peritonitis]] after swallowing a toothpick at a party.<ref>[http://athena.english.vt.edu/~appalach/writersA/anderson.html Virginia Tech article]</ref>
*1942: '''32 men''' died as a result of a chain of events that started when the British cruiser {{HMS|Trinidad|46|6}} accidentally [[torpedo]]ed itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4030.html|title=HMS Trinidad (46) – Light cruiser of the Fiji class}}</ref>
*1944: '''74 men''' died when the US Submarine {{USS|Tang|SS-306|3}} accidentally torpedoed itself during a combat patrol off the coast of Taiwan.<ref>Richard O'Kane, Clear the Bridge, 1989, Presidio Press, p. 443.</ref>
*1944: Inventor and chemist '''[[Thomas Midgley, Jr.]]''' accidentally strangled himself with the cord of a pulley-operated mechanical bed of his own design.<ref>[[Bill Bryson|Bryson, Bill]]. ''[[A Short History of Nearly Everything]]''. (2003) Broadway Books, USA. ISBN 0-385-66004-9</ref>
*1945: Scientist '''[[Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.]]''' accidentally dropped a brick of [[tungsten carbide]] onto a sphere of [[plutonium]] (known as the [[Demon core]]) while working on the [[Manhattan Project]]. This caused the plutonium to come to criticality; Daghlian died of radiation poisoning, becoming the first person to die in a [[criticality accident]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mphpa.org/classic/FH/LA/Harry_Daghlian.htm |title=Harry K. Daghlian – 1 of 1 |publisher=Mphpa.org |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1946: '''[[Louis Slotin]]''', chemist and physicist, died of radiation poisoning after being exposed to lethal amounts of ionizing radiation from the [[Demon core|same core]] that killed [[Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.]] The core went critical after a screwdriver he was using to separate the halves of the spherical beryllium reflector slipped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hhs55.com/slotin.html |title=hhs55.com |publisher=hhs55.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1947: '''[[Collyer brothers|The Collyer Brothers]]''', extreme cases of [[compulsive hoarding|compulsive hoarders]], were found dead in their home in New York. The younger brother, Langley, was crushed to death when he accidentally triggered one of his own booby traps that had consisted of a large pile of objects, books, and newspapers. His blind and paralyzed brother Homer, who had depended on Langley for care, died of starvation some days later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-hermits-of-harlem-homer-and-langley-collyer.htm |title=Biography of Hermits of Harlem Homer and Langley Collyer – |publisher=Trivia-library.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1947: '''[[Willie Francis]]''' survived an execution by [[electric chair]], when two jolts of current failed to kill him. After a legal dispute which split 5-4 in the Supreme Court, he was electrocuted to death one year later.<ref>{{citation |page=24 |title=The Story of Cruel and Unusual |author=Colin and Joan Dayan |publisher=MIT Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780262260589}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Death by Installments: the ordeal of Willie Francis | |author=Arthur Miller, Jeffrey Bowman |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1988 |isbn=9780313260094}}</ref>

=== 1950s ===
*1955: '''[[Margo Jones]]''', theater director, was killed by exposure to [[carbon tetrachloride]] fumes from her newly cleaned carpet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sweettornado.org/aboutMargo/timeline.lasso |title=Sweet Tornado: Margo Jones and the American Theater |publisher=Margojones.org |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1958: '''[[Gareth Jones (actor)|Gareth Jones]]''', actor, collapsed and died between scenes of a live television play, ''[[Underground (1958 TV play)|Underground]]'', at the studios of [[Associated British Corporation]] in [[Manchester]]. Director [[Ted Kotcheff]] continued the play to its conclusion, improvising around Jones' absence.<ref>Cited by Gareth Rubin [http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/may/31/television-drama-theatre "Live TV drama is resurrected as Sky shrugs off lessons of history",] ''The Guardian'', 31 May 2009</ref><ref>Matthew Sweet [http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/do-not-adjust-your-set-by-kate-dunn-587580.html Review: "'Do Not Adjust Your Set' By Kate Dunn,] ''The Independent'', 20 July 2003</ref>
*1959: In the '''[[Dyatlov Pass incident]]''', nine ski hikers in the Ural Mountains abandoned their camp in the middle of the night, some clad only in their underwear despite sub-zero weather. Six died of hypothermia and three by unexplained injuries. The corpses showed no signs of struggle, but one had a fatal skull fracture, two had major chest fractures, and one was missing her tongue. Soviet investigators determined only that "a compelling unknown force" had caused the deaths. During the hikers' memorials, several witnesses reported that the bodies had an "orangish tint" to them.<ref>[http://www.sptimes.ru/story/25093 Mysterious Deaths of 9 Skiers Still Unresolved] Svetlana Osadchuk (February 19, 2008). St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2010-02-09.</ref>

=== 1960s ===
*1960: In the '''[[Nedelin catastrophe]]''', more than 100 Soviet rocket technicians and officials died when a switch was accidentally turned on, causing the second stage engines of a rocket to ignite, directly above the fully fueled first stage. The casualties included Red Army Marshal Nedelin, who was sitting just {{convert|40|m|sp=us}} away overseeing launch preparations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/r16_disaster.html |title=Nedelin disaster |publisher=Russianspaceweb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1960: '''[[Inejiro Asanuma]]''', 61, the head of the [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Japanese Socialist Party]], was stabbed to death with a [[wakizashi]] sword by extreme rightist [[Otoya Yamaguchi]] during a televised political rally.<ref>{{cite news|author= |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,711952,00.html |title=Assassin's Apologies |publisher=Time.com |date=1960-11-14 |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
*1960: '''[[Alan Stacey]]''', [[Formula One]] race driver, died in a crash during the [[1960 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] when a bird flew into his face, causing him to lose control.<ref>{{cite book|last=Daley|first=Robert|title=Cars at Speed: Classic Stories from Grand Prix's Golden Age|year=2007|publisher=MBI Publishing Company|location=United States|isbn=9780760331170|page=304}}</ref>
*1961: U.S. Army Specialists '''John A. Byrnes''' and '''Richard Leroy McKinley''' and Navy Electrician's Mate '''Richard C. Legg''' were killed by a [[water hammer]] explosion during maintenance on the [[SL-1]] nuclear reactor in Idaho.<ref>[http://www.archive.org/details/gov.ntis.A13886VNB1 SL-1 The Accident: Phases I and II] U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Idaho Operations Office video ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIBQMkd96CA Youtube 1]) ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVr6bD-z9hM Youtube 2])</ref><ref>[http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_15.pdf Chapter 15 "The SL-1 Reactor" (page 142)] 9.5 MB PDF</ref><ref name="Tucker">{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Todd |title=Atomic America: How a Deadly Explosion and a Feared Admiral Changed the Course of Nuclear History|isbn=978-1-4165-4433-3 |year=2009 |publisher=Free Press |location=New York}} See summary: http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0904/2008013842-s.html</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=McKeown |first=William |title=Idaho Falls: The Untold Story of America's First Nuclear Accident |isbn=978-1-55022-562-4 |year=2003 |publisher=ECW Press |location=Toronto}}</ref>
*1961: '''[[Valentin Bondarenko]]''', a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[cosmonaut]] trainee, died after suffering third-degree [[burn]]s from a flash fire in the pure oxygen environment of a training simulator.<ref>Oberg, James, ''Uncovering Soviet Disasters'', [http://www.jamesoberg.com/usd10.html Chapter 10: Dead Cosmonauts], pp 156–176, Random house, New York, 1988. Retrieved 8 January 2008.</ref>
*1966: '''Worth Bingham''', son of [[Barry Bingham, Sr.]], died when a surfboard, lying atop the back of his convertible, hit a parked car, swung around, and broke his neck.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/04/business/media/04bingham.html?pagewanted=2&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/M/McFadden,%20Robert%20D.%20Jr.
|title=Barry Bingham Jr., Louisville Publisher, Is Dead at 72
|author=
|work=The New York Times
|date=4 April 2006
| first=Robert D.
| last=McFadden
| accessdate=2010-05-11
}}</ref>
* 1966: Skydiver '''[[Nick Piantanida]]''' died from the effects of [[uncontrolled decompression]] four months after an attempt to break the world record for the highest parachute jump. During his third attempt, his face mask came loose (or he possibly opened it by mistake), causing loss of air pressure and irreversible brain damage.<ref>{{cite book |title=Magnificent Failure: Free Fall from the Edge of Space |last1=Ryan |first1=Craig |publisher=Smithsonian Air and Space Museum Press |year=2003| isbn=978-1-58834-141-9 |oclc=51059086 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/article687679.ece Dive Hard], [[The Globe and Mail]], May 25, 2008</ref>
*1967: '''[[Gus Grissom]]''', '''[[Edward Higgins White|Ed White]]''', and '''[[Roger B. Chaffee]]''', NASA astronauts, died when a flash fire began in their pure oxygen environment during a training exercise inside the [[Apollo 1]] spacecraft. The spacecraft's escape hatch could not be opened because it was designed to seal shut under pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/grissom-vi.html |title=Astronaut Bio: Virgil I. Grissom |publisher=Jsc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1967: Cosmonaut '''[[Vladimir Komarov]]''' became the first person to die during a space mission after the parachute of [[Soyuz 1|his capsule]] failed to deploy following re-entry.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tony Long |url=http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/04/dayintech_0424 |title=24 April 1967: Last Day in the Life of Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov |publisher=Wired.com |date= 2007-04-24|accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>

=== 1970s ===
*1971: '''[[Georgy Dobrovolsky]], [[Vladislav Volkov]] and [[Viktor Patsayev]]''', Soviet cosmonauts, died when their [[Soyuz 11|Soyuz-11]] spacecraft depressurized during preparations for reentry. These are the only human deaths outside the Earth's atmosphere.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20081012062830/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/n-s/space.html|title=Space disasters and near misses|publisher=Channel 4 |accessdate=June 29, 2011}}</ref>
*1974: '''Thomas Bayliss''' died after being run over by two [[Semi-trailer truck|semi-trailers]] and a [[pickup truck]] on [[State Road 64 (Florida)|State Road 64]] near [[Bradenton, Florida]]. None of the three vehicles stopped immediately after the accident.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bizarre death in Manatee probed by Highway Patrol|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SQswAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PnkDAAAAIBAJ&dq=bizarre%20death&pg=1989%2C828207|accessdate=3 May 2013|newspaper=St Petersburg Times|date=October 17, 1974}}</ref>
*1974: '''[[Christine Chubbuck]]''', an American television news reporter, committed suicide during a live broadcast on July 15. Eight minutes into her talk show on WXLT-TV in [[Sarasota, Florida]], she shot herself in the head with a [[revolver]].<ref name="dietz">Dietz, Jon. "On-Air Shot Kills TV Personality", ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'', 16 July 1974.</ref>
*1976: '''[[Keith Relf]]''', former singer for British [[rhythm and blues]] band [[The Yardbirds]], died while practicing his electric guitar. He was electrocuted by an improperly grounded amplifier.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gordon Polatnick |url=http://www.elvispelvis.com/electrocuted.htm |title=Electrocuted Page in Fuller Up, Dead Musician Directory |publisher=Elvispelvis.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1977: '''[[Tom Pryce]]''', a [[Formula One]] driver at the [[1977 South African Grand Prix]], was killed when he was struck in the face by a track marshal's fire extinguisher. The marshal, '''Frederik Jansen van Vuuren''', was running across the track to attend to Pryce's team-mate's burning car when he was struck and killed by Pryce's car. Van Vuuren himself was torn in half as the car ploughed into him at a speed exceeding 270 km/h (170 mph).<ref name="Tom Pryce death">{{cite book |last=Tremayne |first= David|authorlink=David Tremayne |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=The Lost Generation |origdate= |origyear= 2006|url= |accessdate=2007-01-05 |edition= |date= |year= 2006 |month=August|publisher= Haynes Publishing|location= |isbn=1-84425-205-1 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=Chapter 19 – A Moment Of Desperate Sadness|chapterurl= |quote=}}</ref>
*1978: '''[[Georgi Markov]]''', a [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] dissident, was assassinated in London with a specially [[Bulgarian umbrella|modified umbrella]] that fired a metal pellet with a small cavity full of [[ricin]] into his [[Calf (anatomy)|calf]].<ref name=casereopenedinduk>{{Cite news| last=Brown| first=Jonathan | title=Poison umbrella murder case is reopened| newspaper=The Independent| location=UK| date=20 June 2008| url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/poison-umbrella-murder-case-is-reopened-851022.html | accessdate=16 May 2011| postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>
*1978: '''[[Janet Parker]]''', a British medical photographer, died of [[smallpox]] in 1978, ten months after the disease was eradicated in the wild, when a researcher at the laboratory where Parker worked accidentally released some virus into the air of the building. Parker is the last known smallpox fatality.<ref>[http://www.qmul.ac.uk/news/newsrelease.php?news_id=18 Twenty five years on: Smallpox revisited Queen Mary, University of London]{{dead link|date=December 2010}}</ref>
*1978: '''[[Kurt Gödel]]''', the Austrian/American logician and mathematician, died of starvation when his wife was hospitalized. Gödel suffered from extreme paranoia and refused to eat food prepared by anyone else.<ref>Toates, Frederick; Olga Coschug Toates (2002). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Practical Tried-and-Tested Strategies to Overcome OCD. Class Publishing, 221. ISBN 978-1-85959-069-0.</ref>
*1979: '''[[Robert Williams (robot fatality)|Robert Williams]]''', a worker at a Ford Motor Co. plant, was the first known human to be killed by a robot,<ref name="rlid">Robot firm liable in death, Tim Kiska, ''The Oregonian'', 11 August 1983.</ref> after the arm of a one-ton factory robot hit him in the head.<ref name="a">{{cite news|last=Kiska|first=Tim|title=Death on the job: Jury awards $10 million to heirs of man killed by robot at auto plant |pages=A10|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=1983-08-11|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/PI/lib00187,0EB295F7D995F801.html |accessdate=2007-09-11}}</ref>
*1979: '''John Bowen''', a 20-year-old from [[Nashua, New Hampshire]], was attending a half-time show at a [[New York Jets]] football game at [[Shea Stadium]] on December 9, 1979. During an event featuring custom-made remote control flying machines, a 40-pound model plane shaped like a lawnmower accidentally dived into the stands, striking Bowen and another spectator, causing severe head injuries. Bowen died in the hospital four days later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/lawnmower.asp |title=Flying Lawnmower Death – Grim Reaper (contains additional references) |publisher=Snopes.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref><ref>[http://www.courant.com/ny-spsmain28112329894sep28,0,3404154.story It was a grand stage for excitement]{{dead link|date=March 2011}} by Joe Gergen, Hartford Courant, September 28, 2008.</ref>
*1979: '''Nitaro Ito''', a candidate for [[House of Representatives (Japan)|Japan's House of Representatives]], died in an attempt to gain sympathy during his election campaign. Having persuaded one of his employees to punch him in the face, Ito then stabbed himself in the leg. He hit an [[artery]] causing him to bleed to death before any aid could be given.<ref name="Book of Lists"/>

=== 1980s ===
*1981: '''David Allen Kirwan''', a 24-year-old, died from third-degree burns after attempting to rescue a friend's dog from the 200°F (93°C) water in Celestine Pool, a hot spring at [[Yellowstone National Park]] on July 20, 1981.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/hotspring.asp Hot Springs Death – Help Springs Eternal] at Snopes.com</ref><ref>Lee Whittlesey, ''Death in Yellowstone: Accidents and Foolhardiness in the First National Park''. Boulder, Colo. : Roberts Rinehart Publishers, ©1995.</ref>
*1981: '''[[Boris Sagal]]''', a film director, died while shooting the TV miniseries ''[[World War III (TV miniseries)|World War III]]'' when he walked into the tail rotor blade of a helicopter and was [[decapitation|decapitated]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40911FE3E5C0C778EDDAC0894D9484D81 | work=The New York Times | title=Boris Sagal, 58, Movie Director, Dies After A Helicopter Accident | date=1981-05-24 | accessdate=2010-05-11 | first=Shawn G. | last=Kennedy}}</ref>
*1981: '''[[Kenji Urada]]''', a Japanese factory worker, was killed by a malfunctioning robot he was working on at a [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine|Kawasaki]] plant in Japan. The robot's arm pushed him into a grinding machine, killing him.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/7001829?story_id=7001829 |title=Trust me, I'm a robot |publisher=Economist.com |date=2006-06-08 |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
*1981: '''Paul Gauci''', a 41-year-old Maltese man, died after welding a [[Butterfly Bomb]] to a metal pipe and using it as a mallet, thinking it was a harmless can.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20091029/local/boy-finds-lethal-wwii-bomb-in-qormi-valley |title=Boy finds lethal WWII bomb in Qormi valley |publisher=Timesofmalta.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
*1982: Actor '''[[Vic Morrow]]''' and child-actor '''Myca Dinh Le''' (age 7) were decapitated by a rotating helicopter blade, and child-actress '''Renee Shin-Yi Chen''' (age 6) was crushed by a helicopter during filming of ''[[Twilight Zone: The Movie]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/not_guilty/twilight_zone/1.html |title=The Twilight Zone Tragedy – Crime Library on truTV.com |publisher=Crimelibrary.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1982: '''David Grundman''' was killed near [[Lake Pleasant Regional Park|Lake Pleasant]], [[Arizona]] while shooting at cacti with his shotgun. After he fired several shots at a 26 ft (8 m) tall [[Saguaro Cactus]] from extremely close range, a 4 ft (1.2 m) limb of the cactus detached and fell on him, crushing him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/saguaro.asp |title=Cactus Courageous – Death by Saguaro |publisher=Snopes.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/content/printVersion/160293 |title=When Cactus and Civilization collide – Trifling with Saguaros can be Hazardous to one's Health |publisher=Phoenixnewtimes.com |date=1993-03-03 |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
*1982: '''Navy Lieutenant George M. Prior''', 30, died in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington, Virginia]] from a severe allergic reaction to [[Daconil]], a fungicide used on a golf course he attended. He had unwittingly ingested the substance through his habit of carrying the [[tee]] in his mouth when playing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/horrors/poison/golftee.asp |title=Fatal-A-Tee |publisher=snopes.com |date=2006-09-02 |accessdate=2011-03-06}}</ref>
*1983: '''Four divers and a tender''' were killed on the [[Byford Dolphin]] semi-submersible, when a decompression chamber [[Explosive decompression|explosively decompressed]] from 9 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]] to 1 atm in a fraction of a second. The diver nearest the chamber opening was torn apart before his remains were ejected through a 24 inch (60 cm) opening. The other divers' remains showed signs of boiled blood, unusually strong [[rigor mortis]], large amounts of gas in the blood vessels, and scattered hemorrhages in the soft tissues.<ref>Giertsen, J.C. et al., "An Explosive Decompression Accident", The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 9(2):91–101, 1988.</ref>
*1983: '''[[Sergei Chalibashvili]]''', a professional diver, died as a result of a diving accident during the [[1983 Summer Universiade]] in [[Edmonton, Alberta]]. When he attempted a three-and-a-half reverse somersault in the tuck position from the ten meter platform, he struck his head on the platform and was knocked unconscious. He died after being in a coma for a week.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954031,00.html?promoid=googlep | work=Time | title=Milestones: Jul. 25, 1983 | date=1983-07-25 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>
*1983: American author '''[[Tennessee Williams]]''' died when he choked on an eyedrop bottle-cap in his room at the Hotel Elysee in New York. He would routinely place the cap in his mouth, lean back, and place his eyedrops in each eye.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB35B891D6D7E0F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM | title=Search Results | date=1983-02-27}}</ref>
*1983: '''[[Jimmy Lee Gray]]''', during his execution in a Mississippi [[gas chamber]], died bashing his head against a metal pole behind the chair he was strapped into. The poisonous gas had failed to kill him but left him in agony and gasping for eight minutes.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/reportsfromabroad/macdonald/20071107.html "Might we make executions more civilized, please?"] from [[CBC News]]</ref>
*1983: '''[[Dick Wertheim]]''' was an American tennis linesman who died from blunt cranial trauma at a match at the [[1983 US Open (tennis)|1983 US Open]]. [[Stefan Edberg]] sent an errant serve directly into his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head on the pavement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Odd mishap fells tennis official |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fwIMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jFkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7153,2693520 |work=Evening Independent |location=St. Petersburg, Florida |page=3–C |date=12 September 1983 |accessdate=20 November 2008}}</ref>
*1984: '''[[Jon-Erik Hexum]]''', an American television actor, died after he shot himself in the head with a prop gun loaded with a single blank cartridge. Hexum was playing [[Russian roulette]] during a break in filming.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/18/us/wounding-of-actor-on-coast-is-laid-to-russian-roulette.html | work=The New York Times | title=Wounding Of Actor On Coast Is Laid To Russian Roulette | date=1984-10-18}}</ref>
*1986: More than 1,700 were killed after a '''[[limnic eruption]]''' from [[Lake Nyos]] in [[Cameroon]] released approximately {{nowrap|100,000,000 cubic metres}} ({{nowrap|3,500,000,000 cubic feet}}) of [[carbon dioxide]] that quickly descended on the lake and killed oxygen-dependent life within a 25-kilometre (15-mile) radius, including three villages. The same phenomenon is also blamed for the deaths of 37 near [[Lake Monoun]] in 1984.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/21/newsid_3380000/3380803.stm|title=21 August: 1986: Hundreds gassed in Cameroon lake disaster|publisher=BBC|author=BBC contributors|accessdate=May 20, 2009 | date=1986-08-21}}</ref>
*1987: '''[[R. Budd Dwyer|Budd Dwyer]]''', the State Treasurer of Pennsylvania, committed suicide during a televised press conference in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]]. Facing a potential 55-year jail sentence for alleged involvement in a [[Conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]], Dwyer shot himself in the head with a [[.357 Magnum]] revolver.<ref name="nytimes.1987">{{cite news |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFDF1638F930A15752C0A961948260 | title=OFFICIAL CALLS IN PRESS AND KILLS HIMSELF | last=Stevens | first=William K. | date=January 23, 1987 | work=The New York Times | accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref>

=== 1990s ===
*1990: '''[[Bo Díaz]]''', a 37-year-old former baseball player, was killed at his home in Caracas on September 23. A satellite dish that he was adjusting on the roof of his home fell on him and crushed his neck and head against the base of the dish.<ref>{{cite news |title=Diaz Crushed to Death in Accident |agency=Associated Press |work=The New York Times |page= |date=24 November 1990 |accessdate=6 March 2011 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/24/sports/diaz-crushed-to-death-in-accident.html}}</ref>
*1991: '''Lewis Davis''', a 40-year-old man from [[Miami, Florida]], died after a fish bone pierced his liver.<ref>{{cite news|title=Family settles in fish-bone death|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FUpWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SOoDAAAAIBAJ&dq=unusual%20death&pg=5137%2C8463382|accessdate=3 May 2013|newspaper=Gainesville Sun|date=June 24, 1991}}</ref>
*1991: '''Edward Juchniewicz''', a 76-year-old man from [[Canonsburg, Pennsylvania]], was killed when the unattended ambulance stretcher he was strapped to rolled down a grade and overturned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/medical/emergent/gurney.asp |title=The Runaway Gurney |publisher=Snopes.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Stretcher Accident Kills Man |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/04/us/stretcher-accident-kills-man.html?scp=1&sq=Stretcher%20Accident%20Kills%20Man&st=cse |agency=[[Associated Press|(AP)]] |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |oclc=1645522 |date=May 4, 1991 |page=8 |accessdate=March 19, 2011}}</ref>
*1993: Actor '''[[Brandon Lee]]''', son of [[Bruce Lee]], was shot and killed by a prop gun during the making of the movie ''[[The Crow (film)|The Crow]]''. The accident happened after a mistake in prop handling procedures: In a prior scene a revolver was fired using a cartridge with only a primer and a bullet, but the primer provided enough force to push the round out of the cartridge into the barrel of the revolver, where it stuck. The gun was then reused to shoot the death scene of Lee's character. This time it was reloaded with a blank cartridge that contained propellant and a primer. When actor [[Michael Massee]] fired the gun, the bullet was propelled into Lee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/movies/actors/brandonlee.asp |title=Brandon Lee's Death in 'The Crow' |publisher=snopes.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1993: '''[[Garry Hoy]]''', a 38-year-old lawyer in [[Toronto]], fell to his death on July 9, 1993, after he threw himself against a window on the 24th floor of the [[Toronto-Dominion Centre]] in an attempt to prove to a group of visitors that the glass was "unbreakable." The glass did not break, but popped out of the window frame.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/window.asp Window Test Death – Through a Glass, Quickly] at Snopes.com</ref><ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070315.RGOODMAN15/TPStory/? Goodman and Carr falls prey to rivals] by Jacquie McNish, The Globe and Mail, March 15, 2007.</ref>
*1993: '''Michael A. Shingledecker, Jr.''' was killed when he and a friend were struck by a pickup truck while lying flat on the yellow dividing line of a two-lane highway in [[Polk, Pennsylvania]]. They were copying a daredevil stunt from the movie ''[[The Program]]''. '''Marco Birkhimer''' died in a similar accident while performing the same stunt in Route 206 of [[Bordentown, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED7123AF93AA25753C1A965958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink | work=The New York Times | title=Not Like the Movie: A Dare Leads to Death | date=1993-10-19 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref>
*1994: '''Jennifer Jones''', a 15-year-old student, died at her [[Palm Beach, Florida]] home after attempting to inhale [[freon]] gas from the air-conditioning unit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sanchez Jr|first=Jose Luis|title=Mother Of Victim Plans Crusade Against Freon|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1994-06-09/news/9406090063_1_freon-grace-jones-jones-classmates|accessdate=1 December 2012|newspaper=Florida SunSentinel|date=June 9, 1994}}</ref>
*1994: '''[[Gloria Ramirez]]''' was admitted to [[Riverside County Regional Medical Center|Riverside General Hospital]], in [[Riverside, California]], for complications of advanced cervical cancer. Before she died, her caregivers claimed that Ramirez's body mysteriously emitted toxic fumes that made several emergency room workers very ill.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stone |first=Richard |url=http://discovermagazine.com/1995/apr/analysisofatoxic493 |title=Analysis of a Toxic Death | Cancer |work=DISCOVER Magazine |date=1995-04-01 |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
*1995: A '''39-year-old man''' committed suicide in Canberra, Australia by shooting himself [[Multiple gunshot suicide|three times]] with a pump action shotgun. The first shot passed through his chest, but missed all of the vital organs. He reloaded and shot away his throat and part of his jaw. Breathing through the throat wound, he again reloaded, held the gun against his chest with his hands and operated the trigger with his toes. This shot entered the thoracic cavity and demolished the heart, killing him.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Herdson PB |title=Shotgun suicide with a difference |journal=Med J Aust. |volume=173 |issue=11–12 |pages=604–5 |year=2000 |pmid=11379504 |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/173_11_041200/herdson/herdson.html}}</ref>
*1996: '''[[Death of Sharon Lopatka|Sharon Lopatka]]''', from [[Maryland]], was killed by Robert Glass who claimed that she had solicited him to torture and kill her for the purpose of sexual gratification.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/classics/sharon_lopatka/1.html?sect=13 |title=Internet Assisted Suicide: The Story of Sharon Lopatka at CrimeLibrary.com |publisher=Trutv.com |date= |accessdate=2011-07-21}}</ref>
*1997: '''[[Karen Wetterhahn]]''', a professor of chemistry at [[Dartmouth College]], died of mercury poisoning ten months after a few drops of [[dimethylmercury]] landed on her protective gloves. Although Wetterhahn had been following the required procedures for handling the chemical, it still permeated her gloves and skin within seconds. As a result of her death, regulations were altered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/dimethylmercury/dmmh.htm |title=Dimethylmercury and Mercury Poisoning |publisher=Chm.bris.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaomt.org/testfoundation/dimethylmercury.htm |title=The Trembling Edge of Science |publisher=Iaomt.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-16}}</ref>
*1998 October: The entire [[association football]] team of '''Bena Tshadi''' playing against Basanga was killed by lightning during a match in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Everyone on Basanga, the home team, survived.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/203137.stm | work=BBC News | title=Lightning kills football team | date=1998-10-28 | accessdate=2010-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/mar/15/theknowledge.sport | work=Guardian News | title=Did lightning kill an entire team? | date=2006-03-15 | accessdate=2011-09-02 | location=London | first=James | last=Dart}}</ref>
*1999: '''Jon Desborough''', a [[physical education]] teacher at [[Liverpool College]], died when he slipped and fell onto the blunt end of a [[javelin]] he was retrieving. The javelin passed through his [[eye socket]] and into his brain, causing severe brain damage and putting him into a coma. He died a month later.<ref>{{cite news |last=Breslin |first=Maria |title=Teacher hit by javelin dies |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/teacher-hit-by-javelin-dies-1099330.html |accessdate=April 26, 2012 |newspaper=The Independent |date=June 11, 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Javelin teacher dies in hospital |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/365923.stm |accessdate=April 26, 2012 |newspaper=BBC |date=June 10, 1999}}</ref>

== 21st century ==

=== 2000s ===
* 2001: '''Bernd-Jürgen Brandes''', from Germany, was voluntarily stabbed repeatedly and then partly eaten by [[Armin Meiwes]] (who was later called the Cannibal of [[Rotenburg an der Fulda|Rotenburg]]). Brandes had answered an internet advertisement by Meiwes looking for someone for this purpose. Brandes explicitly stated in his will that he wished to be killed and eaten.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4752797.stm "German cannibal guilty of murder"], ''BBC News'', 9 May 2006</ref>
* 2001: '''Michael Colombini''', a 6-year-old American boy from [[Croton-on-Hudson, New York]], was struck and killed at Westchester Regional Medical Centre by an [[oxygen tank]] when it was pulled into the [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) machine while he underwent a test. He had begun to experience breathing difficulties while in the MRI and when an anaesthesiologist brought a portable oxygen canister into the magnetic field, it was pulled from his hands and struck the boy in the head.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/22/nyregion/hospital-details-failures-leading-to-mri-fatality.html |title=Hospital Details Failures Leading To MRI Fatality |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=2001-08-22 |accessdate=2010-12-11 |first=Randal C. |last=Archibold}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mri-planning.com/articles/2005_newsletter/0508_four_years_after.html MRI Newsletter: Four Years After The Tragedy]{{dead link|date=March 2011}}.</ref>
* 2002: '''[[Death of Brittanie Cecil|Brittanie Cecil]]''', a 13-year-old American, was struck in the head by a [[hockey puck]] shot by [[Espen Knutsen]] and deflected into the crowd at an NHL hockey game in [[Columbus, Ohio]]. She died two days later in the hospital.<ref>[http://static.espn.go.com/nhl/news/2002/0319/1354060.html "Girl dies after getting hit by puck at NHL game"], ''ESPN.com'', 20 May 2002</ref>
* 2002: '''Richard Sumner''', a British artist suffering from schizophrenia, went into a remote section of [[Clocaenog Forest]] in [[Denbighshire]], [[Wales]], handcuffed himself to a tree and threw the keys out of his reach. His skeleton was discovered three years later. There were signs that he may have later changed his mind.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/4264282.stm "Artist Died Handcuffed to Tree"], ''BBC News'', September 20, 2005</ref>
* 2003: '''[[Brian Douglas Wells]]''', an American [[pizza delivery]] man in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]], was killed when a [[time bomb]] fastened around his neck exploded. At the time of his death he had been apprehended by the police for robbing a bank. Wells told police that three people had locked the bomb around his neck and would not release it had he refused to commit the robbery.<ref>{{cite news| title=Pizza Deliveryman Who Robbed Bank Had Neck Measured for Bomb Collar| agency=Associated Press| date=2007-07-19| url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,289860,00.html| accessdate=2108-09-30 | work=Fox News}}</ref>
* 2004: '''Ronald McClagish''', from [[Murrow, Cambridgeshire]] in England, was trapped inside a cupboard when a wardrobe outside fell over and made it impossible for him to get out. McClagish survived for a week before succumbing to [[bronchitis]], which he had contracted when he removed a waterpipe in an attempt to free himself and the cupboard was partially flooded.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cambridgeshire/4483137.stm Call For New Cupboard Death Probe] from BBC News</ref><ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1476175/Man-trapped-in-cupboard-died-as-water-gushed-down.html Man trapped in cupboard died as water gushed down] from The Telegraph</ref>
* 2004: An '''unidentified [[Taiwan]]ese woman''' died of alcohol intoxication after immersion for twelve hours in a bathtub filled with 40% ethanol. Her [[blood alcohol content]] was 1.35%. It was believed that she had immersed herself as a response to the [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS]] epidemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fsijournal.org/article/S0379-0738%2804%2900389-5/abstract |title=Elsevier |publisher=Fsijournal.org |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
* 2004: '''Francis "Franky" Brohm''', 23, of [[Marietta, Georgia]] was leaning out of a car window and decapitated by a telephone pole support wire. The car's intoxicated driver, John Hutcherson, 21, drove nearly {{convert|12|mi}} to his home with the headless body in the passenger seat, parked the car in his driveway, then went to bed. A neighbour saw the bloody corpse still in the car and notified police. Brohm's head was later discovered at the accident scene.<ref>{{cite web|last=Johnston |first=Lori |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/q-a-on-the-1198589.html |title='''AJC'', 11 Oct 2011 |publisher=Ajc.com |date=2011-10-11 |accessdate=2011-11-16}}</ref>
* 2005: '''[[Enumclaw horse sex case|Kenneth Pinyan]]''' from [[Seattle, Washington]], died of acute [[peritonitis]] after receiving anal intercourse from a stallion. The case led to the criminalization of [[zoophilia|bestiality]] in [[Washington (state)|Washington state]].<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002569751_horsesex19m.html "Trespassing charged in horse-sex case"] ''The Seattle Times''</ref>
* 2005: '''[[Lee Seung Seop]]''', a 28-year-old from [[South Korea]], collapsed of fatigue and died after playing the videogame ''[[StarCraft]]'' online for almost 50 consecutive hours.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4137782.stm "Korean drops dead after 50-hour gaming marathon"], ''Times Online'', 10 August 2005</ref>
* 2006: '''Erika Tomanu''', a seven-year-old girl in [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]], Japan, died when she was sucked 10 metres down the intake pipe of a current pool at a water park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weekly.japantimes.co.jp/news/nn2006/girl-sucked-into-intake-at-city-run-pool |title=Girl sucked into intake at city-run pool |publisher=Japantimes.co.jp |date=2006-08-05 |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
* 2006: '''An unidentified airline mechanic''' was sucked into the engine of a [[Boeing 737-500]] at [[El Paso International Airport]] while performing routine maintenance on the tarmac.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2006-01-16/us/airplane.fatality_1_jet-engine-fatal-accident-passengers-and-five-crew?_s=PM:US|title=Mechanic sucked into jet engine|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2012-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,181825,00.html |title=Airplane Mechanic Sucked Into Jet Engine, Killed at El Paso Airport |date= January 16, 2006 |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=30 August 2012}}</ref>
* 2006: '''[[Steve Irwin]]''', an Australian television personality and naturalist known as [[the Crocodile Hunter]], died when his heart was impaled by a [[stingray]] barb while filming a documentary in [[Queensland]]'s [[Great Barrier Reef]].<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/09/04/australia.irwin/index.html CNN Reports: 'Crocodile Hunter' dead], September 4, 2006</ref>
* 2006: '''Mariesa Weber''', a petite 38-year-old woman, asphyxiated when she became wedged upside-down behind a bookcase in her bedroom while trying to adjust a plug on her television set. Her family, believing she had been abducted, searched for eleven days before finally finding the body.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15895965/#.T_rYyoGwXmU Woman found dead behind bookcase - US news - Weird news | NBC News]</ref>
* 2006: '''[[Alexander Litvinenko]]''', a former officer of the [[Federal Security Service (Russia)|Russian State Security Service]] and later a [[dissident]] and writer, died from [[Radiation poisoning|acute radiation syndrome]] after being poisoned with [[polonium]]-210.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alexander V. Litvinenko |work=The New York Times |date=31 May 2007 |url=http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/l/alexander_v_litvinenko/index.html |accessdate=27 April 2011 |first1=Alan |last1=Cowell |first2=Clifford J. |last2=Levy |first3=Scott |last3=Shane}}</ref>
* 2007: '''[[Water intoxication#Notable cases|Jennifer Strange]]''', a 28-year-old woman from [[Sacramento, California]], died of [[water intoxication]] while trying to win a [[Nintendo]] [[Wii]] console in a [[KDND]] 107.9 "The End" radio station's "[[Hold Your Wee for a Wii]]" contest, which involved drinking large quantities of water without urinating.<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-water14jan14,1,1368543.story?coll=la-headlines-pe-california "Woman dies after being in water-drinking contest"]{{dead link|date=March 2011}}, ''The Los Angeles Times'', 14 January 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.knbc.com/news/10761800/detail.html "Woman's Death After Water-Drinking Contest Investigated"]{{dead link|date=March 2011}} ''KNBC.com'', 16 January 2007</ref>
* 2007: '''Humberto Hernandez''', a 24-year-old [[Oakland, California]] resident, was killed after being struck in the face by an airborne fire hydrant while walking. A passing car had struck the fire hydrant and the water pressure shot the hydrant at Hernandez with enough force to kill him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/horrors/freakish/hydrant.asp |title=Fire Hydrant Death – Fire Plugged |publisher=Snopes.com |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref><ref>[http://cbs5.com/local/Humberto.Hernandez.fire.2.456707.html Oakland Man Killed By Airborne Fire Hydrant]{{dead link|date=March 2011}}, CBS5.com, June 22, 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/offbeat/2007-06-23-fire-hydrant_N.htm |title=Flying fire hydrant kills Calif. man |publisher=Usatoday.com |date=2007-06-23 |accessdate=2011-08-08}}</ref>
* 2007: '''[[Kevin Whitrick]]''', a 42-year-old British man, committed suicide by hanging himself live in front of a webcam during an Internet chat session.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article1560877.ece |title=Get on with it, said net audience as man hanged himself on webcam |accessdate=2007-05-27 |last=Bale |first=Joanna |date=2007-03-24 |work=Times Online | location=London}}{{dead link|date=March 2011}}</ref>
* 2007: '''[[Surinder Singh Bajwa]]''', the Deputy Mayor of [[Delhi]], India, died after falling from his building's terrace while trying to fight off attacking [[Rhesus macaque]] monkeys.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Bajwa-succumbs-to-injuries/230828/ |title=Bajwa succumbs to injuries |publisher=Expressindia.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>
* 2008: '''[[Death of Abigail Taylor|Abigail Taylor]]''', a 6-year-old from [[Edina, Minnesota]], died nine months after several of her internal organs were partially sucked out of her lower body while she sat on an excessively powerful swimming pool drain. Surgeons had replaced her intestines and pancreas with donor organs, but she later succumbed to a rare transplant-related cancer.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-03-21-3982361687_x.htm Girl, 6, Dies From Swimming Pool Injury] ''USA Today'', 21 March 2008</ref>
* 2008: '''David Phyall''', 50, the last resident in a block of flats due to be demolished in [[Bishopstoke]], near [[Southampton]], [[Hampshire]], England, [[decapitated|cut off his own head]] with a chainsaw to highlight the injustice of being forced to move out.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/death-was-carefully-thought-through-suicide-1025503.html|title= Chainsaw death was 'carefully thought through suicide'|last=Halfpenny|first=Martin|date=19 November 2008|work=The Independent|accessdate=2008-11-22 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/7737721.stm | work=BBC News | title=Man cut off head in flat protest | date=2008-11-19}}</ref>
* 2009: '''[[Taylor Mitchell]]''', a Canadian [[Folk music|folk]] singer, was attacked and killed by three [[coyote]]s, the only recorded adult person to have been killed by this species.<ref name="CBC">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/nova-scotia/story/2009/10/28/ns-coyote-attack-died.html|title=Coyotes kill Toronto singer in Cape Breton|publisher=[[CBC.ca]]|date=2009-10-28|accessdate=2009-10-29}}</ref><ref>''A History of Urban Coyote Problems'', Robert M. Tim & Rex O. Baker, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, 2007</ref>

===2010s===

*2010: '''[[Jimi Heselden]]''', British owner of the [[Segway Inc.|Segway]] motorized scooter company, was killed when he accidentally drove off a cliff on a Segway at his estate at [[Thorp Arch, West Yorkshire|Thorp Arch]] near [[Boston Spa]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/09/27/2010-09-27_segway_company_owner_jimi_heselden_dies_in_england_after_riding_a_segway_off_cli.html | location=New York | work=Daily News | first1=Michael | last1=Sheridan | first2=Corky | last2=Siemaszko | title=Segway company owner James 'Jimi' Heselden dies in England after riding a Segway off cliff | date=2010-09-27}}</ref>
*2010: '''20 crew and passengers''' died in [[2010 Bandundu Filair Let L-410 crash|a plane crash]] near [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], when a [[crocodile]], being [[Wildlife smuggling|smuggled]] by one of the passengers in a sports bag, freed itself and panicked the passengers who all ran towards the flightdeck. The tiny Filair [[Let L-410 Turbolet|L-410 Turbolet]] became unbalanced and crashed, despite the lack of any technical failure. One passenger and the crocodile survived.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/plane-crashes-crocodile-escapes-panic/story?id=11947027#.UDpjc6ARSgZ Africa: Plane Crashes After Crocodile Escapes, Causes Panic - ABC News]</ref><ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/democraticrepublicofcongo/8078612/Aircraft-crashes-after-crocodile-on-board-escapes-and-sparks-panic.html Aircraft crashes after crocodile on board escapes and sparks panic - Telegraph]</ref>
*2011: '''Jose Luis Ochoa''', 35, died after being stabbed in the leg at a [[cockfight]] in [[Tulare County, California]] U.S., by one of the birds that had a knife attached to its limb.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man stabbed to death by cockfighting bird |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12393125 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=8 February 2011 |accessdate=March 19, 2011}}</ref>
*2012: '''Erica Marshall''', a 28-year-old British [[veterinarian]] in Ocala, Florida, died when the horse she was treating in a [[hyperbaric chamber]] kicked the wall, released a spark from its [[horseshoe]]s and triggered an explosion.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/9079168/Equine-expert-killed-as-horse-shoe-sparks-explosion-heard-30-miles-away.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Equine expert killed as horse shoe sparks explosion heard 30 miles away | date=2012-02-13}}</ref><ref>[http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/02/17/10434135-officials-horses-metal-shoes-sparked-fatal-blast-in-oxygen-chamber?lite "Officials: Horse's metal shoes sparked fatal blast in oxygen chamber" (Feb 17, 2012) NBCNews]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/explosion-fla-horse-center-kills-worker-horse Explosion at Fla. horse center kills worker, horse | CNS News]</ref>
*2012: '''Uroko Onoja''', a [[Nigeria]]n [[polygamy|polygamist]] businessman, died after being forced by five of his six wives to have sex with each of them. Onoja was caught having sex with his youngest wife by the remaining five, who were jealous of him paying her more attention. The remaining wives demanded that he also have sex with each of them, threatening him with knives and sticks. He had intercourse with four of them in succession, but stopped breathing before having sex with the fifth.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2178201/Uroko-Onoja-death-Husband-raped-death-5-wives-paying-attention-sixth.html | work=Daily Mail | first=Kerry | last=McDermott | title=Extraordinary story of the husband who was 'raped to death' by five wives because he was paying too much attention to the sixth}}</ref>
*2012: '''Shirley Perkins''', 55, a disabled woman was killed when she got her head trapped in her stair lift. She toppled backwards down the stairs and got her head wedged between the metal rung of the electric seat and the wall.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2218636/Grandmother-killed-getting-head-trapped-stairlift.html|title=Grandmother killed getting head trapped in stairlift|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=october 17, 2012}}</ref>
*2013: A Belarusian man died in the village of Ostromechevo from blood loss from a bite received from a beaver that severed an artery in his leg.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/may/29/beaver-kills-man-belarus|title=Beaver kills man in Belarus|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=may 29,2013}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[List of inventors killed by their own inventions]]
* [[Darwin Awards]]
* [[Execution by elephant]]
* [[Death from laughter]]
* [[Spontaneous human combustion]]
* [[Toilet-related injuries and deaths]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JS5mHAAACAAJ |title=Curious and Unusual Deaths|author=[[Russell Robert Winterbotham]] |publisher= Haldeman-Julius, Girard, Kansas |date=1929}}
*{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7HTfGRRllAQC |title=Curious Events in History |author=Michael Powell |publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc |date=5 August 2008}}
*Nick Daws ''Daft Deaths and Famous Last Words''
*Tracey Turner, ''Dreadful Fates''
*[[David Southwell]] and Sean Twist ''Mysterious Deaths and Disappearances''
*[[John Dunning (journalist)|John Dunning]] ''Strange Deaths'' (true crime)
*{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fijmTMOJrJcC |title=Strange Deaths: More Than 375 Freakish Fatalites}}
*{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1wrJygAACAAJ |title=Strange Inhuman Deaths}}
*{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5RpLMwEACAAJ |title=The Fortean Times Book of Strange Deaths}}
*{{citation |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=py_ZAAAACAAJ |title=The Fortean Times Book of More Strange Deaths}}

{{death}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:unusual deaths}}
[[Category:Death-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of people by cause of death]]
[[Category:Lists of things considered unusual|Deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths by cause]]

Jeremy Nicholas

2013-03-06T03:59:10Z

Cncmaster: formatting: 2x mdash, nbsp-dash, whitespace (using Advisor.js)

{{for|the broadcaster of the same name|Jeremy Nicholas (broadcaster)}}

{{BLP sources|date=January 2011}}
{{More footnotes|date=January 2011}}

'''Jeremy Nicholas''' is an actor, writer, broadcaster, [[lyricist]] and musician. He is President of the [[Jerome K. Jerome]] Society.
He was born on 20 September 1947 in [[Wellington, Shropshire]], raised in [[Stafford]] and educated at [[Wycliffe College]] (1957–65) and the Birmingham School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art (1966–69).

==Work==
Nicholas is active in radio, theater, music, and television, and has performed with several theater companies, including the Prospect Theatre Company and the Citizens' Theatre. He performed a solo adaptation of [[Three Men in a Boat]] at the 1982 May Fair Theatre, which won him a nomination for an [[Oliver Award]]. Nicholas has also performed on television in roles such as Lionel in [[Budgie the Little Helicopter]]. Nicholas has written and presented over sixty radio features for BBC Radio and has read more than twenty books for radio and spoken word recordings. He has also composed the music for several stage plays and television plays.

==Filmography==
*''Sex and the Other Woman'' (1972), Arthur
*''The Good Companions'' (1980-1981), Inigo Jolliphant
*''The Pickwick Papers'' (1985), Mr. Winkle<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tablet, Volume 239|year=1985|publisher=Tablet Publishing Company|pages=68|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=cBEEUcf1Ncuw0QGWjoHQAg&id=sE7hAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Jeremy+Nicholas%22+Pickwick+Papers&q=%22Jeremy+Nicholas%22+#search_anchor}}</ref>
*''Wish Me Luck'' (1990), Lewis Lake aka Antoine
*''Outside Edge'' (1994), Bob Willis
*''Budgie the Little Helicopter'' (1994- 1996), Lionel

==Bibliography==
*''Raspberries and Other Trifles — Tales for Discerning Delinquents'' (1984)
*''Godowsky — The Pianists' Pianist'' (1989)
*''A Beginner's Guide to Opera'' (1993)
*''Victorian Curiosities (1995, editor)
*''The Classic FM Guide to Classical Music'' (1996)
*''The Classic FM Good Music Guide'' (1999)
*''Chopin – His Life and Music'' (2006)
*''The Great Composers'' (2007)
*''Funny You Should Sing That'' (2008)
*''Idle Thoughts on Jerome K Jerome (2009, editor)

==Recordings==
*''[[Peter and the Wolf]]''. Czecho-Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra, conductor [[Ondrej Lenárd]], narrator Jeremy Nicholas. [[Naxos Records]] 8.550499
*''Camille Saint-Saens: Carnival of the Animals.'' David Nettles & Richard Markham, pianos (with ensemble). Verses written and narrated by Jeremy Nicholas. Netmark NEMACD600
*Francis Poulenc: The Story of Babar the Little Elephant. David Nettles & Richard Markham, pianos. Text by Jean de Brunhoff, narrator Jeremy Nicholas. Netmark NEMACD600
*Toccata Giubiloso. Kevin Bowyer, organ. NPC007
*Quiet Peace No.1 (arr. 2 pianos) David Nettle & Richard Markham, pfs., (MCD 65, Carlton Classics 30366 01052, NEMACD200)
*Place Settings (words & music, Jeremy Nicholas) Sarah Walker & Roger Vignoles (Hyperion CDA66289)
:*Musical Chairs (alternative version of Place Settings) (words & music, Jeremy Nicholas) Jody Karin Applebaum & Marc-André Hamelin (Albany TROY744)
*Usherette’s Blues (words & music, Jeremy Nicholas) Sarah Walker & Roger Vignoles (Hyperion CDA66289) Jody Karin Applebaum & Marc-André Hamelin (Albany TROY744) Nicy Roberts & Paul Roberts (TTB CD02)
*Pretty Plain (words & music, Jeremy Nicholas) Jody Karin Applebaum & Marc-André Hamelin (Albany TROY744)
*Maternity (words & music, Jeremy Nicholas) Jody Karin Applebaum & Marc-André Hamelin (Albany TROY744)
*Valentine Card (words & music, Jeremy Nicholas) Stewart Collins & Andy Read (FEST CD231)<ref>www.jeremynicholas.com</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.jeremynicholas.com/ Official website]
* {{IMDb name|0629394|Jeremy Nicholas}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=44337068}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Nicholas, Jeremy
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1947
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicholas, Jeremy}}
[[Category:British journalists]]
[[Category:English writers]]
[[Category:British lyricists]]
[[Category:British actors]]
[[Category:People from Wellington, Shropshire]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

[[ru:Николас, Джереми]]

Oxford University Gliding Club

2013-03-06T03:44:21Z

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The '''Oxford University Gliding Club''' ('''OUGC''') is the [[gliding]] club of [[Oxford University]], flying from the historic [[Bicester Airfield]].

The club was founded as part of the Oxford University and City Gliding Club in December 1937, and the illustrious German pilot [[Robert Kronfeld]] was its first chief flying instructor (CFI). The club started flying from Cumnor Meadow in the spring of 1938, but the site is now lost, lying at the bottom of [[Farmoor Reservoir]]. Later that year, the club flew from a site between [[Aston Rowant]] and [[Lewknor]] at the Chiltern ridge. At the outbreak of war in 1939, all sport flying stopped in the UK, but the club reformed in 1951 at Kidlington before moving to Weston on the Green, an RAF airfield, in 1956.

By the early 1980s it had moved to Bicester Airfield (sharing facilities with the [[RAFGSA]] and their gliding operation) and had just one glider, a [[Schleicher Ka 7]] from the German manufacturer [[Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co|Alexander Schleicher]], obtained thanks to the generosity of a local dentist, Peter Pratelli. This wood and fabric glider was soon supplemented by a [[Grob Aerospace|Grob]] [[Grob G103a Twin II|G103 Twin II]] glass fibre two-seater, EGN, again via a loan from Pratelli, and the Ka 7 eventually moved on to another club.

In early January 1986 the club acquired FEF, a then ten-year-old Grob [[Grob G-102 Astir|Astir CS]] (and thus promptly became the first "all glass" club in the UK and probably the world).{{Fact|date=December 2008}} EGN, the Twin II, was sold to Enstone Eagles Gliding Club, and departed the airfield on 27 October 1990. It was replaced with the lower performance but easier to fly [[Alexander Schleicher ASK 21|ASK 21]], GAM. Like all the club's gliders, it was paid for by using the membership fees collected from student members to pay off any loans received.

OUGC currently owns one ASK 21 two-seat glider, GAM, one single-seat [[Schleicher K 8]] glider, HYX, and one Grob Astir CS, FEF, although members can also use gliders belonging to the [[Windrushers Gliding Club]], the civilian gliding club that took over Bicester Airfield when the RAF left in 2004.

== External links ==
*[http://users.ox.ac.uk/~gliding/ OUGC website]

[[Category:Gliding in England]]
[[Category:Oxford student sports clubs|Gliding Club]]
[[Category:Aero clubs]]

{{Aviation-stub}}

Never Gonna Give You Up

2013-02-03T21:55:28Z

Cncmaster: Reverted edits by 119.224.89.159 (talk) identified as unconstructive (HG)

{{About|the Rick Astley song}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox single
| Name = Never Gonna Give You Up
| Cover = RickAstleyNeverGonnaGiveYouUp7InchSingleCover.jpg
| Artist = [[Rick Astley]]
| Album = [[Whenever You Need Somebody]]
| Released = 27 July 1987
| Format = [[7" single]], [[12"|12" maxi]]
| Recorded = 1 January 1987
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[post-disco]]
| Length = 3:32
| Label = [[RCA Records]]
| Writer = [[Stock Aitken Waterman|Mike Stock, Matt Aitken, Pete Waterman]]
| Producer = [[Stock Aitken Waterman]]
| Editor = [[Robert Grieg Bannochie]]
| Last single = "When You Gonna" (with Lisa Carter) (1987)
| This single = "'''Never Gonna Give You Up'''" (1987)
| Next single = "[[Learning To Live (Without Your Love)]]" (with [[O'chi Brown]]) (1987)
| Misc =
{{Extra music sample
| Type = single
| filename = Rick Astley - Never Gonna Give You Up.ogg
| format = [[Ogg]]
| title = "Never Gonna Give You Up"
| artist = Rick Astley
}}
{{External music video|{{YouTube|dQw4w9WgXcQ|"Never Gonna Give You Up"}}
}}}}

"'''Never Gonna Give You Up'''" is a 1987 song by British singer [[Rick Astley]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.discogs.com/Rick-Astley-Never-Gonna-Give-You-Up/master/96559 | title=Rick Astley – Never Gonna Give You Up | publisher=[[Discogs]] | year=1987 | accessdate=June 17, 2012}}</ref> It was written and produced by [[Stock, Aitken & Waterman]]. The song was released as the first [[single (music)|single]] from Astley's multi-million selling debut album, ''[[Whenever You Need Somebody]]''. The song was a worldwide number-one hit, initially in the singer's native United Kingdom in 1987, where it stayed at [[list of number-one singles (UK)|number one]] for five weeks and was the best-selling single of that year. It eventually topped the charts in 25 countries, including the US and West Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mikestockmusic.com/index.php?page=Biography02&section=sectionBiography |title=Biography |publisher=Mike Stock Music |date= |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>

The song won Best British Single at the 1988 [[Brit Awards]]. The [[music video]] for the song has become the basis for the "[[Rickrolling]]" [[Internet meme]].

In 2004, it was voted #28 in ''50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs ... Ever'' by [[VH1]]. In 2008, Rick Astley won the MTV EMA awards for [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Act|"Best Act Ever"]] with the song "Never Gonna Give You Up", as a result of collective voting from thousands of people on the internet, due to the popular phenomenon of Rickrolling.

This song was released as DLC for the game ''[[Rock Band 3]]'' as of 14 February 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockband.com/blog/gold-star-my-heart-dlc |title=CELEBRATE VALENTINE’S DAY WITH ROCK BAND AND THE GOLD STAR MY HEART PACK |publisher=Harmonix |date=2012-02-10 |accessdate=2012-02-10}}</ref>
The song was also used in the 2012 video game ''[[Just Dance 4]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/just-dance-4/videos/never-gonna-give-you-up-just-dance-4-gameplay-6398880/|title=Never Gonna Give You Up - Just Dance 4 Gameplay|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=2012-10-25|accessdate=2013-01-23}}</ref>

==Music video==
In the "Never Gonna Give You Up" [[music video]], directed by [[Simon West]],<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0922346/ Simon West (I)]</ref> produced by [[Andy Picheta]] and edited by [[Robert Bannochie]], a smiling Astley sings and dances to the song in various outfits and venues in west [[London]], sometimes accompanied by [[backup dancer]]s. A bartender, played by Clive Clarke (who appeared prolifically in 1980s music videos, and was a member of [[Top of the Pops]] dance troupe Zoo) gradually shifts from casually noticing Astley's singing to being fully engrossed in the song with energetic acrobatic moves. The athletic exertion of many of the other dancers also becomes more intense over the course of Astley's performance.

===Rickrolling===
{{Main|Rickrolling}}

"Never Gonna Give You Up" is the subject of a popular Internet [[prank]] known as "Rickrolling" involving misleading links redirecting to the song's music video.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lr9G9Afdkfw |title=An example of rickrolling |date=2012-02-23 |accessdate=2012-02-25}}</ref> By May 2007, the practice had achieved notoriety on the Internet, and it increased in popularity after its use as a 2008 [[April Fool's Day]] joke by various media companies and websites, including [[YouTube]] rickrolling all of its featured videos on that day and a website allowing people to Rickroll their friends' phones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comedycalls.com |title=ComedyCalls.com - A website (www.comedycalls.com) allowing people to Rickroll phone numbers |publisher=www.comedycalls.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>

In "a couple of weeks", about 13 million people had been Rickrolled into watching Astley's video, the BBC reported on 1 April 2008. "I think it's just one of those odd things where something gets picked up and people run with it," Astley told the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' in late March 2008, adding: "That's what's brilliant about the Internet." <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7325280.stm ''Rickrolling and the league of web fame'', BBC News entertainment reporter Mark Savage, 01-04-2008]. Accessed 04-05-2008.</ref><ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/webscout/2008/03/rick-astley-kin.html ''Web Scout exclusive! Rick Astley, king of the 'Rickroll,' talks about his song's second coming'', Los Angeles Times blogs, 03-25-2008].Accessed 04-05-2008.</ref>

Astley also appeared in the 2008 [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]] interrupting a song performed by those on a float promoting the [[Cartoon Network]] program ''[[Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends]]'' with a lipsynched performance of "Never Gonna Give You Up".

In several of its protests against the [[Church of Scientology]], [[Anonymous (Group)|Anonymous]] has employed the Rickroll.<ref name="takingtherick">{{cite news|last=Michaels|first=Sean|title=Taking the Rick: Twenty years after Never Gonna Give You Up, Rick Astley became an internet phenomenon - and an unlikely weapon against Scientology|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|date=19 March 2008|url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,2266526,00.html|accessdate=20 March 2008}}</ref>

Starting in early 2010, Oregon House member Jefferson Smith started setting up an elaborate joke to rick roll the Oregon legislature. He got some other Oregon House members to sneak a few words into speeches they said in a special session in February 2010. The phrases were then edited into a short video that had the phrases put together to make the song. The video was put on YouTube on April Fools' Day 2011.

Despite the video garnering millions of hits on [[YouTube]], Astley has earned almost no money from the meme, receiving only US$12 in royalties from YouTube for his performance share.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/08/31/gema_youtube/|title=German judge chides Google over YouTube freeloading|date=2010-08-31|work=The Register}}</ref>

==Cover versions==
In 1988, the Cantonese Singer Rosanne Lui covered the song the name "yat sheung ching yuen".
* In 1997, the French band [[2Be3]] covered the song under the name "Toujours là pour toi", which had a great success in France (number four) and Belgium (Wallonia) (number 12).<ref>"Toujours là pour toi", French and Belgium (Wallonia) Singles Charts [http://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=2+Be+3&titel=Toujours+l%E0+pour+toi&cat=s Lescharts.com] (Retrieved 14 February 2008)</ref>
* In 1999, an Italian cover entitled "Non ti lascerò" was made by [[Rosario Fiorello|Fiorello]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.estatica.it/en/musica/fiorello/discografia |title=Fiorello: discography - Estatica |publisher=Estatica.it |date= |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>
* [[Eurobeat]] artist Kevin Johnson covered the song in 2004 for the album ''[[Super Eurobeat|Super Eurobeat 149]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/release/445882 |title=Discogs album listing for Super Eurobeat 149 |publisher=Discogs.com |date=16 June 2004 |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>
* In August 2007, internet celebrity and singer, [[Tay Zonday]] covered the song <ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_aY7HZvFpQ |title=YOU GOT TAY ROLLED! "Never Gonna Give You Up" Karaoke By Tay Zonday |publisher=YouTube |date=18 July 2007 |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>
* In 2007, the song was featured in the ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[Meet the Quagmires]]", as part of a parody of the "[[Johnny B. Goode]]" scene from ''[[Back to the Future]]''. [[Brian Griffin|Brian]] performs the song while playing the [[keytar]]. The episode makes disparaging references to Astley and his song, between Brian preceding his performance by saying "Here's a song by a gay guy" (Astley is straight in real life) and a riff on the "Marvin Berry" joke in ''Future'' when the musician "Marvin Astley" calls his cousin to say: "You know that mediocre, generic sound you've been looking for? Well, listen to this!"
* On 25 November 2008, [[Barry Manilow]] released a version of the song on his ''[[The Greatest Songs of the Eighties]]'' album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001HUBFPG |title=The Greatest Songs Of The Eighties: Barry Manilow: Music |publisher=Amazon.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>
* In 2008, it was covered by [[Ashley Tisdale]] for the [[Ashley Tisdale discography#Promotional songs|''Degree Girl: OMG Jams!'']]
* Actress [[Portia de Rossi]] recorded a comedic version as her character Veronica Palmer, which was heard playing as elevator music in the January 2010 ''[[Better Off Ted]]'' episode "Beating a Dead Workforce".
* In 2009 Italian [[Pop-Punk]] band Last Day Before Holiday released album Start Living Your Life containing Never Gonna Give You Up cover.
* In June 2010, a cover from Breathe Electric was released on the compilation "Rockin' Romance 2".
* In November 2010, [[The Lost Fingers]] released a version of the song on their album "Gypsy Kameleon".
* In March 2012, BiSi released a cover version of the song as it best expressed their relationship together. Bill Mc Loughlin and Simon Black now enjoy a full time touring job as BiSi and can be seen in many hotspots in Belfast.
* In Week 5 of the live shows in [[The X Factor (U.S.)]], [[Paige Thomas]] covered this song as her performance.

==The Rickrollerz==
{{Infobox single
|Name = Never Gonna Give You Up
|Cover = Rickrollerz.png
|Artist = The Rickrollerz
|Released = 11 April 2008
|Producer = The Rickrollerz
|Writer = [[Stock Aitken Waterman]]
}}

A group of [[London]] dance producers, called The Rickrollerz made a house music cover version of "Never Gonna Give You Up"<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/chartblog/2008/04/please_give_me_up_give_me_up_1.shtml |title=Please, Give Me Up, GIVE ME UP! |author=Fraser McAlpine |publisher=BBC |date=14 April 2008 |accessdate=6 December 2009}}</ref>
The song was remixed on the same day and in the same studio where the original recording took place 20 years earlier.
In May 2008, the track entered the UK Club Charts at number 22.

==Track listings==
; 7" single
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" – 3:33
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) – 3:30

; 12" maxi
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (cake mix)  – 5:46
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) – 6:19
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" – 3:33
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape to New York mix)  – 7:01
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape from Newton mix)  – 6:23

; 12" maxi
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (cake mix) – 5:48
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) – 3:30
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" – 3:33

; 12" single
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape from Newton mix)  – 6:30
# "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape to New York mix)  – 7:00

==Personnel==
*Written and produced by [[Stock, Aitken & Waterman]]
*Engineer : Mark McGuire, Mike Duffy
*Mixed by :
**Escape from Newton mix : Mixmaster Pete Hammond
**Escape to New York mix : The Extra Beat Boys

==Charts and certifications==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Peak positions===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Chart (1987/88)
!Peak position
|-
|Australia ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref>{{cite book | title = Australian Chart Book 1970 - 1992 | author = David Kent | isbn = 0-646-11917-6 | year = 1993 | publisher = Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W.}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Austria ([[Ö3 Austria Top 40]])<ref name="Lescharts">{{cite web |url=http://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?key=1678&cat=s |title=Rick Astley - Never Gonna Give You Up |work= |accessdate=14 February 2008|language=French}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|-
|align="left"|Belgium ([[VRT Top 30]] Flanders)<ref>[http://top30-2.radio2.be/#/search/rick+astley Belgian peak]</ref>
|align="center"|1
|-
|Canada ([[RPM (magazine)|RPM]])
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|France ([[SNEP]])<ref name="Lescharts"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|-
|Germany ([[Media Control Charts]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php |title=Suchergebnis |work= |accessdate=6 April 2008|language=German |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071029144156/http://charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php  |archivedate = 29 October 2007}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Ireland ([[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRMA]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |title=The Irish Charts - All there is to know |work= |accessdate=14 February 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|-
|Netherlands ([[Dutch Top 40]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radio538.nl/web/show/id=44685/chartid=5884 |title=De Nederlandse Top 40, week 41, 1987 |accessdate=16 March 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|New Zealand ([[RIANZ]])<ref>{{cite book |author=Scapolo, Dean |title=The Complete New Zealand Music Charts, 1966-2006: Singles, Albums, DVDs, Compilations |publisher=Maurienne House |location= |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=1-877443-00-X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Norway ([[VG-lista]])<ref name="Lescharts"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Spain ([[Productores de Música de España|AFYVE]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Salaverri|first=Fernando|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002|accessdate=2011-01-26|edition=1st |year=2005|month=September|publisher=Fundación Autor-SGAE|location=Spain|isbn=84-8048-639-2}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|-
|Sweden ([[Sverigetopplistan]])<ref name="Lescharts"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|Switzerland ([[Schweizer Hitparade]])<ref name="Lescharts"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|-
|United Kingdom ([[The Official Charts Company]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everyhit.com/retros/index.php?page=rchart&y1=1987&m1=08&y2=1987&m2=08&sent=1&day1=3&day2=3 |title=Top 40 Hits of Late August 1987 |work= |accessdate=28 September 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|[[Billboard Hot 100|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref name="Billboard">{{cite web |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p3581|pure_url=yes}} |title=Rick Astley |format= |work= |accessdate=2 September 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|[[Hot Adult Contemporary|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]]<ref name="Billboard"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|[[Hot Dance Club Songs|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Dance Club Songs]]<ref name="Billboard"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Chart (2008)
!Peak position
|-
|[[UK Singles Chart]]<ref name="uk.launch.yahoo.com">{{cite web|author= 2 mins ago |url=http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/c/uk/single_charts.html |title=Yahoo! UK & Ireland omg! - Celebrity Gossip | News | Photos | Videos |publisher=Uk.launch.yahoo.com |date=20 April 2011 |accessdate=2011-11-14}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|73
|}

===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!End of year chart (1987)
!Position
|-
|Dutch Top 40<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.top40.nl/pdf/Top%20100/top%20100%20-%201987.pdf |title=Single top 100 over 1987 |publisher=Top40 |language=Dutch |format=PDF |accessdate=21 September 2010}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|6
|-
|German Singles Chart
| style="text-align:center;"|14
|-
|Swiss Singles Chart<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=1987 |title=1987 Swiss Singles Chart |work= |accessdate=1 August 2008|language=German}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|20
|-
|UK Singles Chart<ref>''The Complete Book Of British Charts'' by Warwick/Kutner/Brown</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
!End of year chart (1988)
!Position
|-
|Australian Singles Chart<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-50-singles-1988.htm |title=Top 50 Singles 1988 |work= |accessdate=1 September 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|-
|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://longboredsurfer.com/charts.php?year=1988|title=Billboard Top 100 - 1988|accessdate=15 September 2009}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|4
|-
|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/archivesearch/article_display/854930|title=TOP ADULT CONTEMPORARY SINGLES OF 1988|accessdate=8 November 2011}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|}

===Certifications===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country
!Certification
!Date
!Sales certified
|-
|Canada<ref>Canada certifications [http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php cria.ca] (Retrieved 2 September 2008)</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|06|17 May 1988}}
| style="text-align:center;"|50,000
|-
|France<ref>French certifications [http://www.chartsinfrance.net/certifications/artiste-324.htm Chartsinfrance.net] (Retrieved 2 September 2008)</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Silver
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|05|1988}}
| style="text-align:center;"|200,000
|-
|Germany<ref>{{cite certification|region=Germany|title=Never+Gonna+Give+You+Up|accessdate=1 September 2008}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|01|1987}}
| style="text-align:center;"|250,000
|-
|Netherlands<ref>Dutch certifications [http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461#resultaat nvpi.nl] (Retrieved 9 December 2008)</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Platinum
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|02|1987}}
| style="text-align:center;"|60,000
|-
|Sweden<ref>Swedish certifications [http://www.ifpi.se/wp-content/uploads/guld-platina-1987-1998.pdf Ifpi.se] (Retrieved 11 September 2008)</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|04|21 October 1987}}
| style="text-align:center;"|10,000
|-
|UK<ref>UK certifications [http://www.bpi.co.uk/ Bpi.co.uk] (Retrieved 2 September 2008)</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|03|1 September 1987}}
| style="text-align:center;"|500,000
|-
|U.S.<ref>U.S. certifications [http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH riaa.com] (Retrieved 2 September 2008)</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Gold
| style="text-align:center;"|{{sort|07|24 February 1989}}
| style="text-align:center;"|500,000
|}
{{col-end}}

===Successions===
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[I Just Can't Stop Loving You]]" by [[Michael Jackson]] and [[Siedah Garrett]]
| title = [[List of number-one singles from the 1980s (UK)#1987|UK number one single]]
| years = 30 August 1987 – 27 September 1987
| after = "[[Pump Up the Volume (song)|Pump Up the Volume]]" by [[MARRS|M/A/R/R/S]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[It's a Sin]]" by [[Pet Shop Boys]]
| title = [[Sverigetopplistan|Swedish]] [[List of Swedish number-one hits|number-one single]]
| years = 30 September 1987 – 11 November 1987
| after = "Oh Mama" by Lili & Sussie
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[Too Much Ain't Enough Love]]" by [[Jimmy Barnes]]
| title = [[Kent Music Report|Australian Music Report Singles Chart]] [[List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1980s|number-one single]]
| years = 30 November 1987 – 11 January 1988
| after = "[[Faith (George Michael song)|Faith]]" by [[George Michael]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "Brilliant Disguise" by [[Bruce Springsteen]]
| title = [[VG-lista|Norwegian VG-Lista]] [[List of number-one hits in Norway|number-one single]]
| years = Week 43, 1987
| after = "[[Voyage Voyage]]" by [[Desireless]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[I'm Beggin' You]]" by [[Supertramp]]
| title = [[Hot Dance Club Play|''Billboard'' Hot Dance Club Play]] [[Number-one dance hits of 1988 (USA)|number-one single]]
| years = 16 January 1988
| after = "[[What Have I Done to Deserve This? (song)|What Have I Done to Deserve This?]]" by [[Pet Shop Boys]] and [[Dusty Springfield]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[I Think We're Alone Now]]" by [[Tiffany (singer)|Tiffany]]
| title = [[RIANZ|New Zealand RIANZ]] [[List of number-one singles in 1988 (New Zealand)|number-one single]]
| years = 5 February 1988
| after = "[[Pump Up the Volume (song)|Pump Up the Volume]]" by [[MARRS|M/A/R/R/S]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[Father Figure (song)|Father Figure]]" by [[George Michael]]
| title = [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] [[Hot 100 number-one hits of 1988 (United States)|number one single]]
| years = 12 March 1988 – 19 March 1988
| after = "[[Man in the Mirror]]" by [[Michael Jackson]]
}}
{{Succession box
| before = "[[She's Like the Wind]]" by [[Patrick Swayze]] featuring [[Wendy Fraser]]
| title = ''Billboard'' [[Hot Adult Contemporary|Adult Contemporary (chart)]] number-one single
| years = 12 March 1988 – 26 March 1988
| after = "[[Where Do Broken Hearts Go]]" by [[Whitney Houston]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = "[[Pump Up the Volume (song)|Pump Up the Volume]]" by [[MARRS|M/A/R/R/S]]
| title = [[RPM (magazine)|Canadian ''RPM'' Singles Chart]] [[list of RPM number-one singles of 1988|number-one single]]
| years = 19 March 1988 – 2 April 1988
| after = "[[Get Outta My Dreams, Get into My Car]]" by [[Billy Ocean]]
}}
{{S-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Rick Astley}}
{{UK best-selling singles (by year) 1970–1989}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}

[[Category:1987 singles]]
[[Category:2008 singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs number-one singles]]
[[Category:Brit Award for British Single]]
[[Category:Dance-pop songs]]
[[Category:Number-one singles in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Number-one singles in Norway]]
[[Category:Number-one singles in Spain]]
[[Category:Number-one singles in Sweden]]
[[Category:Dutch Top 40 number-one singles]]
[[Category:UK Singles Chart number-one singles]]
[[Category:Rick Astley songs]]
[[Category:Ashley Tisdale songs]]
[[Category:Songs produced by Stock Aitken Waterman]]
[[Category:Number-one debut singles]]
[[Category:Songs written by Stock Aitken Waterman]]
[[Category:RPM Top Singles number-one singles]]
[[Category:Internet memes]]

[[ca:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[cs:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
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[[fr:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[ko:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[id:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[hu:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[pt:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[simple:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[fi:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[sv:Never Gonna Give You Up]]
[[th:เนเวอร์กอนนากีฟยูอัป]]