Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Kaschmir (Division)

2011-03-09T05:46:06Z

Cited third page: /* References */ {{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}

[[Image:Kashmir-sat-nasa.jpg|thumb|Kashmir valley seen from satellite. Snow capped [[Pir Panjal range]] separates the valley from plains.]]
[[File:Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.JPG|thumb|Kashmir valley bordered brown.]]
The '''Kashmir valley''' ({{lang-ks|कश्मीर वादी ([[Devanagari]]), {{Nastaliq|کشمِیر وادی}} ([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]])}}) or '''Vale of Kashmir''' is a valley between [[Himalaya]]s and the [[Pir Panjal Range]]. It is around 135 km long and 32 km wide, formed by the [[Jhelum River]].<ref>Kashmir. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312908/Kashmir Encyclopædia Britannica]"</ref> It was called "Paradise on Earth" by [[Jahangir]]. Currently it has population of around four million, 97% of whom are [[Muslim]]. Prior to 1997 about 95% where Muslim and 35% of those were [[Shia]] Muslim<ref>
{{cite journal
| last = Kaul
| first = Maharaj
| year = 1999
| month = October
| title = Jammu & Kashmir: Self-Determination, Demands for a Plebiscite and Secession
| journal = South Asian Voice
| publisher = India Resource
| url = http://india_resource.tripod.com/kashmir.html
}} (according to the source the data is based on:
{{cite journal
| title = Ethnic Identities and political deadlock in Jammu & Kashmir
| first = Hari
| last = Om
| year = 1997
| publisher = Indian Defense Review
}})
</ref>.

It lies completely within Indian administration in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. [[Srinagar]] is its main city and also the summer capital of the state. Other main cities are [[Anantnag]] and [[Baramulla]]. There has been [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|armed insurgency]] since 1989 due to the [[Kashmir Conflict]]. It has access to the rest of India through the [[Banihal Tunnel]] near [[Qazigund]] on [[NH 1A]] to [[Jammu]], which is interrupted by snowfall in winter. Among the popular tourist places in the valley are [[Gulmarg]], [[Dal Lake]], [[Pahalgam]], and the [[Amarnath temple]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}

[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir]]

[[az:Kəşmir vadisi]]
[[no:Kashmirdalen]]

Kaschmir (Division)

2011-03-09T05:33:52Z

Cited third page: map

[[Image:Kashmir-sat-nasa.jpg|thumb|Kashmir valley seen from satellite. Snow capped [[Pir Panjal range]] separates the valley from plains.]]
[[File:Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.JPG|thumb|Kashmir valley bordered brown.]]
The '''Kashmir valley''' ({{lang-ks|कश्मीर वादी ([[Devanagari]]), {{Nastaliq|کشمِیر وادی}} ([[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]])}}) or '''Vale of Kashmir''' is a valley between [[Himalaya]]s and the [[Pir Panjal Range]]. It is around 135 km long and 32 km wide, formed by the [[Jhelum River]].<ref>Kashmir. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 27, 2007, from [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312908/Kashmir Encyclopædia Britannica]"</ref> It was called "Paradise on Earth" by [[Jahangir]]. Currently it has population of around four million, 97% of whom are [[Muslim]]. Prior to 1997 about 95% where Muslim and 35% of those were [[Shia]] Muslim<ref>
{{cite journal
| last = Kaul
| first = Maharaj
| year = 1999
| month = October
| title = Jammu & Kashmir: Self-Determination, Demands for a Plebiscite and Secession
| journal = South Asian Voice
| publisher = India Resource
| url = http://india_resource.tripod.com/kashmir.html
}} (according to the source the data is based on:
{{cite journal
| title = Ethnic Identities and political deadlock in Jammu & Kashmir
| first = Hari
| last = Om
| year = 1997
| publisher = Indian Defense Review
}})
</ref>.

It lies completely within Indian administration in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. [[Srinagar]] is its main city and also the summer capital of the state. Other main cities are [[Anantnag]] and [[Baramulla]]. There has been [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|armed insurgency]] since 1989 due to the [[Kashmir Conflict]]. It has access to the rest of India through the [[Banihal Tunnel]] near [[Qazigund]] on [[NH 1A]] to [[Jammu]], which is interrupted by snowfall in winter. Among the popular tourist places in the valley are [[Gulmarg]], [[Dal Lake]], [[Pahalgam]], and the [[Amarnath temple]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir]]

[[az:Kəşmir vadisi]]
[[no:Kashmirdalen]]

Spitital

2009-12-28T12:12:35Z

Cited third page:

{{Redirect|Spiti}}
[[Image:Zanskarmap.jpg|Thumb|right|Region around the '''Spiti Valley''' and [[Himachal Pradesh]] in the [[Lahaul and Spiti district]].]]
[[File:Welcome to Spiti Valley.jpg|thumb|550px|right|"Most Welcome to Spiti Valley", 2004.]]
[[Image:Pin Valley, Spiti.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Pin Valley]], Spiti.]]
[[Image:Ki Monastery.jpg|thumb|230px|left|[[Key Monastery]].]]
The '''Spiti valley''' is a desert mountain valley located high in the [[Himalaya mountains]]. The name "Spiti" means "The Middle Land", i.e. the land between Tibet and India.<ref>Kapadia (1999), p. 209.</ref>

It possesses a distinctive Buddhist culture similar to that found in nearby [[Tibet]] and the [[Ladakh]] region of [[India]]. The valley and surrounding region is one of the least populated regions in [[India]] and is the gateway to the northernmost reaches of the nation. Along the northern route from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh]] or [[Keylong]] via the [[Rohtang Pass]] or [[Kunzum Pass]] respectively, the valley lies in the North East of the Indian hill state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], and forms part of the [[Lahul and Spiti]] district. The sub divisional headquarters (capital) is [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh]]<ref name=himachaltourism>{{cite web | title=Himachal Tourism - Lahaul & Spiti District | work=Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Government of Himachal Pradesh | url=http://himachaltourism.nic.in/laha.htm#kaza | accessdate = 2008-09-28}}</ref> which is situated along the Spiti River at an elevation of about {{convert|12500|ft}} above mean sea level.

Lahul and Spiti is surrounded by high mountain ranges. The [[Rohtang Pass]], at {{convert|13054|ft}}, separates Lahul and Spiti from the [[Kullu Valley]]. [[Lahul]] and [[Spiti]] are cut off from each other by the higher [[Kunzum Pass]], at {{convert|15059|ft}}.<ref name=<ref name=himachaltourism /> A road connects the two divisions, but is cut off frequently in winter and spring due to heavy snow. The valley is likewise cut off from the north up to eight months of the year by heavy [[snow]]falls and thick [[ice|icing conditions]]. A southern route to India proper is periodically closed for brief periods in the winter storms of November through June, but road access is usually restored a few days after storms end via [[Shimla]] and the [[Sutlej valley]] in the [[Kinnaur district]].

==Culture==
Spiti valley is a research and cultural centre for Buddhists. Highlights include [[Ki Monastery]] and [[Tabo Monastery]], one of the oldest monasteries in the world and a favourite of the [[Dalai Lama]]<ref name=hplahaulspiti>{{cite web | title=Lahaul & Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh, India | work=District Lahaul & Spiti, Government of India | url=http://hplahaulspiti.gov.in/tabo.htm}}</ref>.

It was the location of the spectacular scenery and cinematography in the [[2006 in film|2006]] Indian [[film]] ''[[Milarepa (2006 film)|Milarepa]]'', a biographical adventure tale about one of [[Buddhism]]'s most famous [[Yogi|Tibetan saints]]. The Buddhist monastery in the valley served as the locus of the set and some of the monks appeared in the film.

The [[Pin Valley]] of Spiti is home to the few surviving Phuchen Lamas of the [[Nyingmapa]] sect of Buddhism.

The small town of [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] was the beginning of an ancient trade route to [[Ladakh]] and, from there, over the [[Karakoram Pass]] on to [[Yarkand]] and [[Khotan]] in the [[Tarim Basin]].

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Kapadia, Harish. (1999). ''Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya''. 2nd Edition. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7387-093-4.

==External links==
*[http://www.wide-aware.com/community/News/2006/5/11/Spiti/ Cultural information]
*[http://www.wide-aware.com/community/News/2006/5/11/Tantirc-Phuchen-Lamas/ Tantric lamas of Spiti]

{{coord missing|India}}
{{Lahaul and Spiti}}
[[Category:Valleys of India]]
[[Category:Lahul and Spiti]]

[[fr:Vallée de Spiti]]

Spitital

2009-12-28T12:12:00Z

Cited third page: dab

[[Image:Zanskarmap.jpg|Thumb|right|Region around the '''Spiti Valley''' and [[Himachal Pradesh]] in the [[Lahaul and Spiti district]].]]
[[File:Welcome to Spiti Valley.jpg|thumb|550px|right|"Most Welcome to Spiti Valley", 2004.]]
[[Image:Pin Valley, Spiti.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Pin Valley]], Spiti.]]
[[Image:Ki Monastery.jpg|thumb|230px|left|[[Key Monastery]].]]
{{Redirect|Spiti}}
The '''Spiti valley''' is a desert mountain valley located high in the [[Himalaya mountains]]. The name "Spiti" means "The Middle Land", i.e. the land between Tibet and India.<ref>Kapadia (1999), p. 209.</ref>

It possesses a distinctive Buddhist culture similar to that found in nearby [[Tibet]] and the [[Ladakh]] region of [[India]]. The valley and surrounding region is one of the least populated regions in [[India]] and is the gateway to the northernmost reaches of the nation. Along the northern route from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh]] or [[Keylong]] via the [[Rohtang Pass]] or [[Kunzum Pass]] respectively, the valley lies in the North East of the Indian hill state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], and forms part of the [[Lahul and Spiti]] district. The sub divisional headquarters (capital) is [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh]]<ref name=himachaltourism>{{cite web | title=Himachal Tourism - Lahaul & Spiti District | work=Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Government of Himachal Pradesh | url=http://himachaltourism.nic.in/laha.htm#kaza | accessdate = 2008-09-28}}</ref> which is situated along the Spiti River at an elevation of about {{convert|12500|ft}} above mean sea level.

Lahul and Spiti is surrounded by high mountain ranges. The [[Rohtang Pass]], at {{convert|13054|ft}}, separates Lahul and Spiti from the [[Kullu Valley]]. [[Lahul]] and [[Spiti]] are cut off from each other by the higher [[Kunzum Pass]], at {{convert|15059|ft}}.<ref name=<ref name=himachaltourism /> A road connects the two divisions, but is cut off frequently in winter and spring due to heavy snow. The valley is likewise cut off from the north up to eight months of the year by heavy [[snow]]falls and thick [[ice|icing conditions]]. A southern route to India proper is periodically closed for brief periods in the winter storms of November through June, but road access is usually restored a few days after storms end via [[Shimla]] and the [[Sutlej valley]] in the [[Kinnaur district]].

==Culture==
Spiti valley is a research and cultural centre for Buddhists. Highlights include [[Ki Monastery]] and [[Tabo Monastery]], one of the oldest monasteries in the world and a favourite of the [[Dalai Lama]]<ref name=hplahaulspiti>{{cite web | title=Lahaul & Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh, India | work=District Lahaul & Spiti, Government of India | url=http://hplahaulspiti.gov.in/tabo.htm}}</ref>.

It was the location of the spectacular scenery and cinematography in the [[2006 in film|2006]] Indian [[film]] ''[[Milarepa (2006 film)|Milarepa]]'', a biographical adventure tale about one of [[Buddhism]]'s most famous [[Yogi|Tibetan saints]]. The Buddhist monastery in the valley served as the locus of the set and some of the monks appeared in the film.

The [[Pin Valley]] of Spiti is home to the few surviving Phuchen Lamas of the [[Nyingmapa]] sect of Buddhism.

The small town of [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] was the beginning of an ancient trade route to [[Ladakh]] and, from there, over the [[Karakoram Pass]] on to [[Yarkand]] and [[Khotan]] in the [[Tarim Basin]].

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Kapadia, Harish. (1999). ''Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya''. 2nd Edition. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7387-093-4.

==External links==
*[http://www.wide-aware.com/community/News/2006/5/11/Spiti/ Cultural information]
*[http://www.wide-aware.com/community/News/2006/5/11/Tantirc-Phuchen-Lamas/ Tantric lamas of Spiti]

{{coord missing|India}}
{{Lahaul and Spiti}}
[[Category:Valleys of India]]
[[Category:Lahul and Spiti]]

[[fr:Vallée de Spiti]]

Spitital

2009-12-25T05:58:54Z

Cited third page: /* External links */

[[Image:Zanskarmap.jpg|Thumb|right|Region around the '''Spiti Valley''' and [[Himachal Pradesh]] in the [[Lahaul and Spiti district]].]]
[[File:Welcome to Spiti Valley.jpg|thumb|550px|right|"Most Welcome to Spiti Valley", 2004.]]
[[Image:Pin Valley, Spiti.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Pin Valley]], Spiti.]]
[[Image:Ki Monastery.jpg|thumb|230px|left|[[Key Monastery]].]]
The '''Spiti valley''' is a desert mountain valley located high in the [[Himalaya mountains]]. The name "Spiti" means "The Middle Land", i.e. the land between Tibet and India.<ref>Kapadia (1999), p. 209.</ref>

It possesses a distinctive Buddhist culture similar to that found in nearby [[Tibet]] and the [[Ladakh]] region of [[India]]. The valley and surrounding region is one of the least populated regions in [[India]] and is the gateway to the northernmost reaches of the nation. Along the northern route from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh]] or [[Keylong]] via the [[Rohtang Pass]] or [[Kunzum Pass]] respectively, the valley lies in the North East of the Indian hill state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], and forms part of the [[Lahul and Spiti]] district. The sub divisional headquarters (capital) is [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh]]<ref name=himachaltourism>{{cite web | title=Himachal Tourism - Lahaul & Spiti District | work=Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Government of Himachal Pradesh | url=http://himachaltourism.nic.in/laha.htm#kaza | accessdate = 2008-09-28}}</ref> which is situated along the Spiti River at an elevation of about {{convert|12500|ft}} above mean sea level.

Lahul and Spiti is surrounded by high mountain ranges. The [[Rohtang Pass]], at {{convert|13054|ft}}, separates Lahul and Spiti from the [[Kullu Valley]]. [[Lahul]] and [[Spiti]] are cut off from each other by the higher [[Kunzum Pass]], at {{convert|15059|ft}}.<ref name=<ref name=himachaltourism /> A road connects the two divisions, but is cut off frequently in winter and spring due to heavy snow. The valley is likewise cut off from the north up to eight months of the year by heavy [[snow]]falls and thick [[ice|icing conditions]]. A southern route to India proper is periodically closed for brief periods in the winter storms of November through June, but road access is usually restored a few days after storms end via [[Shimla]] and the [[Sutlej valley]] in the [[Kinnaur district]].

==Culture==
Spiti valley is a research and cultural centre for Buddhists. Highlights include [[Ki Monastery]] and [[Tabo Monastery]], one of the oldest monasteries in the world and a favourite of the [[Dalai Lama]]<ref name=hplahaulspiti>{{cite web | title=Lahaul & Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh, India | work=District Lahaul & Spiti, Government of India | url=http://hplahaulspiti.gov.in/tabo.htm}}</ref>.

It was the location of the spectacular scenery and cinematography in the [[2006 in film|2006]] Indian [[film]] ''[[Milarepa (2006 film)|Milarepa]]'', a biographical adventure tale about one of [[Buddhism]]'s most famous [[Yogi|Tibetan saints]]. The Buddhist monastery in the valley served as the locus of the set and some of the monks appeared in the film.

The [[Pin Valley]] of Spiti is home to the few surviving Phuchen Lamas of the [[Nyingmapa]] sect of Buddhism.

The small town of [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] was the beginning of an ancient trade route to [[Ladakh]] and, from there, over the [[Karakoram Pass]] on to [[Yarkand]] and [[Khotan]] in the [[Tarim Basin]].

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Kapadia, Harish. (1999). ''Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya''. 2nd Edition. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7387-093-4.

==External links==
*[http://www.wide-aware.com/community/News/2006/5/11/Spiti/ Cultural information]
*[http://www.wide-aware.com/community/News/2006/5/11/Tantirc-Phuchen-Lamas/ Tantric lamas of Spiti]

{{coord missing|India}}
{{Lahaul and Spiti}}
[[Category:Valleys of India]]
[[Category:Lahul and Spiti]]

[[fr:Vallée de Spiti]]

Padum

2009-08-30T06:44:54Z

Cited third page: /* Padum valley */

{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name = Padum |
type = city |
latd = 33.47| longd = 76.88|
state_name = Jammu and Kashmir |
district = [[Kargil district|Kargil]] |
leader_title = |
leader_name = |
altitude = 3669|
population_as_of = |
population_total = |
population_density = |
area_magnitude= sq. km |
area_total = |
area_telephone = |
postal_code = |
vehicle_code_range = |
sex_ratio = |
unlocode = |
website = |
footnotes = |
}}
'''Padum''' (also spelt '''Padam''') is the largest town and administrative centre of [[Zanskar]] [[tehsil]] of [[Kargil district]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. It is 240km away from Kargil.

The traditional heart of the village is below the [[gompa]] where two large [[chorten]]s stand above old buildings. A road was constructed in 1980 across [[Pensi La]]. Padum has several hotels and restaurants meant for tourists. Padum has a post office, internet cafes and telephone booths.

==Geography==
Padum is located at {{coord|33.47|N|76.88|E}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Padam.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Padum]</ref> It has an average elevation of 3,669 [[metre]]s (12,037 [[foot (length)|feet]]).
There are several small villages around Padum.

==People==
Padum is inhabited by people of [[Tibet]]an descent who follow [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. There is a sizeable [[Muslim]] number (accounting for ~40% of the towns population), mainly [[Balti (people)|Balti]] who have been present in Padum since the 17th century. A mosque was built in Padum in recent years to cater the local Muslim population.

== Padum valley ==
[[File:Zanskar Kursha gompa 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kursha Monastery]] in the Padum Valley]]
[[File:Zanskar padum Padum.jpg|right|thumb|Padum]]

The '''Padum Valley''' is a valley of the [[Zanskar]] region in the state of [[Ladakh]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir]] in northern [[India]]. The [[Doda River]] flows through the valley from its source at the Drang Drung glacier of the [[Pensi La]].

The [[Zanskar River]] is located further downstream past the valley.

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Janet Rizvi. (1996). ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi. ISBN 019564546-4.
* Schettler, Margaret & Rolf (1981). Kashmir, Ladakh & Zanskar. Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 0 908086 21 0.

== External links ==
* [http://12357.dk/ladakh/?Padum Photos of Padum]
* [http://sutozsolt.egologo.transindex.ro/wp-content/plugins/iimage-gallery.php?idpost=606&idg=19&idi=3 Images taken at the Karsha Monastery, near Padum]
* [http://sutozsolt.egologo.transindex.ro/wp-content/plugins/iimage-gallery.php?idpost=606&idg=28&idi=2 Mountains in Padum]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}
{{Ladakh}}

Padum

2009-08-30T06:44:12Z

Cited third page: /* People */ merge

{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name = Padum |
type = city |
latd = 33.47| longd = 76.88|
state_name = Jammu and Kashmir |
district = [[Kargil district|Kargil]] |
leader_title = |
leader_name = |
altitude = 3669|
population_as_of = |
population_total = |
population_density = |
area_magnitude= sq. km |
area_total = |
area_telephone = |
postal_code = |
vehicle_code_range = |
sex_ratio = |
unlocode = |
website = |
footnotes = |
}}
'''Padum''' (also spelt '''Padam''') is the largest town and administrative centre of [[Zanskar]] [[tehsil]] of [[Kargil district]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. It is 240km away from Kargil.

The traditional heart of the village is below the [[gompa]] where two large [[chorten]]s stand above old buildings. A road was constructed in 1980 across [[Pensi La]]. Padum has several hotels and restaurants meant for tourists. Padum has a post office, internet cafes and telephone booths.

==Geography==
Padum is located at {{coord|33.47|N|76.88|E}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Padam.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Padum]</ref> It has an average elevation of 3,669 [[metre]]s (12,037 [[foot (length)|feet]]).
There are several small villages around Padum.

==People==
Padum is inhabited by people of [[Tibet]]an descent who follow [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. There is a sizeable [[Muslim]] number (accounting for ~40% of the towns population), mainly [[Balti (people)|Balti]] who have been present in Padum since the 17th century. A mosque was built in Padum in recent years to cater the local Muslim population.

== Padum valley ==
[[File:Zanskar Kursha gompa 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kursha Monastery]] in the Padum Valley]]
[[File:Zanskar padum Padum.jpg|right]]

The '''Padum Valley''' is a valley of the [[Zanskar]] region in the state of [[Ladakh]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir]] in northern [[India]]. The [[Doda River]] flows through the valley from its source at the Drang Drung glacier of the [[Pensi La]].

The [[Zanskar River]] is located further downstream past the valley.

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Janet Rizvi. (1996). ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi. ISBN 019564546-4.
* Schettler, Margaret & Rolf (1981). Kashmir, Ladakh & Zanskar. Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 0 908086 21 0.

== External links ==
* [http://12357.dk/ladakh/?Padum Photos of Padum]
* [http://sutozsolt.egologo.transindex.ro/wp-content/plugins/iimage-gallery.php?idpost=606&idg=19&idi=3 Images taken at the Karsha Monastery, near Padum]
* [http://sutozsolt.egologo.transindex.ro/wp-content/plugins/iimage-gallery.php?idpost=606&idg=28&idi=2 Mountains in Padum]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}
{{Ladakh}}

Sasser-Pass

2009-08-24T07:09:44Z

Cited third page:

{{Infobox Mountain Pass
| Name = Sasser Pass
| Photo = Sasser Pass, Nubra ca. 1857.jpg
| Caption = Sasser Pass, Nubra c. 1857
| Elevation = {{convert|5411|m|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}
| Location = {{IND}}
| Range = [[Karakorum Range]]
| Coordinates = {{coord|35|2|N|77|44|E|type:pass|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Saser Pass |url=http://www.geonames.org/1257080/saser-pass.html |author=GeoNames.org |accessdate=2009-07-03}}</ref>
| Topographic map =
| Traversed by =
}}
'''Sasser Pass''', '''Saser Pass''' or '''Saser-la''' (el. {{convert|5411|m|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}) is a high [[mountain pass]] in [[India]] on the ancient summer caravan route from [[Ladakh]] to [[Yarkand]] in the [[Tarim Basin]]. It leads from the head of the [[Nubra Valley]] into the upper [[Shyok]] valley, on the way to the even higher, but easier, [[Karakorum Pass]].

==History==
:"This was the notorious Sasser, not the highest but probably the most impressive and dangerous [of the passes along the caravan route between Ladakh and Yarkand]."<ref>Keay, John. ''When Men and Mountains Meet'', p. 182. (1977) Reprint: Oxford University Press. Karachi, 1993. ISBN 0-19-577465-5.</ref>

The Sasser Pass could not be avoided in summer and took a huge toll on caravan pack animals, such as ponies and mules. It was too icy for the [[Bactrian camel]]s, which were the usual pack animals to the north of the Sasser Pass.<ref>''Trails to Inmost Asia: Five Years of Exploration with the Roerich Central Asian Expedition'', p. 42. George N. Roerich. 1931. Reprint by Book Faith India, Delhi. 1996. ISBN 81-7303-032-4.</ref>

Sasser Pass lies south of [[Siachen Conflict|disputed]] [[Siachen Glacier]], in the border region between India and [[Pakistan]] that the 1972 [[Simla Agreement]] failed to define clearly.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further Reading==
*''Trans-Himalayan Caravans: Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh''. Janet Rizvi. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. 1999. ISBN 0-19-564855-2.
{{Ladakh}}
[[Category:Mountain passes of India]]
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Himalaya]]
[[Category:Karakoram]]

[[simple:Sasser Pass]]

Khalatse

2009-07-07T04:32:49Z

Cited third page: template

{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name = Khalatse |
type = town|
latd = 34.3333|
longd = 76.8167|
altitude = 3443|
state_name = Jammu and Kashmir |
district = [[Ladakh District|Ladakh]] |
population_as_of = |
population_total = |
population_density = |
area_total = |
area_telephone = |
postal_code = |
vehicle_code_range = |}}
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}

'''Khaltse''' or [[Khalsi]] is a village 337 km from [[Srinigar]] on the old main road to [[Leh]], where it crossed the Indus over an iron bridge.<ref>Schettler (1981), pp. 102-103.</ref> The population for the region is given as 1,629.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Khalatse.html]</ref>

There is a fragmentary inscription at Khalatse which carries the name 'Maharaja Uvima' which is attributed to the [[Kushan]] king, [[Vima Kadphises]] who ruled in the 1st or early 2nd century CE.<ref>Stein, R. A. (1972). ''Tibetan Civilization'', p. 36. Stanford University Press; ISBN 978-0804709019.</ref><ref>Narain, A. K. (1990). "Indo-Europeans in Inner Asia", p. 164. In: (1990). ''The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia'' (Vol 1). Cambridge University Press. Editor: Denis Sinor. ISBN 978-0521243049.</ref><ref>Bivar, A. D. H. (1993). "The History of Eastern Iran", p. 223. In: ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanid Periods, Part 1 of 2.'' Editor: E. Yarshater. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521200929.</ref>

Lha chen Naglug (circa 1150-1175 CE), a member of a dynasty of [[Dard]] kings, a built a bridge across the Indus at the same site as the present bridge, and also the Bragnag castle on the bank of the Indus, on the brook, about one mile (1.6 km) above the present village, to guard the bridge. It was built in competition to another bridge, the Babu Khar bridge, only three miles (4.8 km) away, and was clearly built to raise taxes from travellers. The castle is said to have been the first castle built in the country. The ruins of the castle and also the remains of extensive fields and watercourses are still visible. Lha chen Naglug also built the palace at Wanla.<ref>Francke (1977), pp. 80, 92.</ref>

There are a number of ancient Dardic rock carvings nearby, including one of a Dard woman carrying a basket on her back, one of a man hunting antelopes, and some showing men with what appear to be flat hats, all costumes similar to the Dards of [[Da]]. In front of the ancient Dard castle at Khalatse is an inscription in an Indian language which probably dates from the period of Dard occupation.<ref>Francke (1977), pp. 71-72.</ref>

The German [[Moravian Church]] Mission, which opened in Leh in 1885 had a sub-station in Khalatse which remained open for the half a century prior to India's independence in 1947 and played a prominent role there with their medical and educational activities, but only made a few converts.<ref>Rizvi (1996), p. 212.</ref>

Entering Khaltse by the road from Srinigar, it is clear one is entering the heartland of Buddhism with its ''chortens'' or small [[stupas]], [[mani stone]]s and [[prayer flag]]s. Khalatse is also famous for its [[apricots]].<ref>Rizvi (1996), p. 23.</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Francke, A. H. (1977). ''A History of Ladakh''. A. H. Francke (Originally published as, ''A History of Western Tibet'', (1907). 1977 Edition with critical introduction and annotations by S. S. Gergan & F. M. Hassnain. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
* Francke, A. H. (1914). ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet''. Two Volumes. Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi.
*Schettler, Rolf & Margaret. (1981). ''Kashmir, Ladakh & Zanskar''. Lonely Planet. South Yarra, Vic., Australia. ISBN 0 908086 21 0.
* Janet Rizvi. (1996). ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi. ISBN 019564546-4.

==External links==
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Khalatse.html Maps, weather, coordinates, altitude and population]
{{Ladakh}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian building and structure stubs]]
[[Category:Religious building and structure stubs]]
[[Category:Monasteries in India]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

National Highway 1A

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{{Indian Highways Box
|NH= 1A
|Map=
|length_km= 663
|direction=
|start= [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|destinations= [[Jalandhar]] - [[Madhopur]] - [[Jammu]] - [[Banihal]] - [[Srinagar]] - [[Baramula]] - [[Uri]]
|end= [[Uri]], [[Jammu & Kashmir]]
|interchanges=[[National Highway 1 (India)|NH 1]] in Jalandhar 
[[National Highway 1D (India)|NH 1D]] in Srinagar 
[[National Highway 15 (India)|NH 15]] in [[Pathankot]] 
[[National Highway 20 (India)|NH 20]] in Pathankot
|Asian Highway Network=
|States=[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]: 108 km [[Himachal Pradesh]]: 14 km [[Jammu & Kashmir]]: 541 km
|Development Cost=
|Number of lanes=
|Interchanges=
|Toll plazas=
|Layby=
|Rest and Service Area=
|Overhead Bridge Restaurant=
|Vista Point=
|Highway tunnels=
|Type of roads=
|Toll systems=
}}
'''National Highway 1A''' ('''NH 1A'''), is a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in [[North India]] that connects the [[Kashmir valley]] to [[Jammu]] and the rest of India. The northern terminal is in [[Uri]] in [[Jammu & Kashmir]] and the southern terminal is in [[Jalandhar]]. Stretches of NH 1A run through some extremely treacherous [[terrain]]<ref>http://www.mapability.com/travel/p2i/kashmir.html</ref> and shut-offs because of [[avalanches]] or [[landslides]] are common in Winter months<ref>http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Corporate/Publications/Case+Studies/Roads/Highway+1A+India.htm</ref>. The famous Jawahar Tunnel that connects Jammu with the Kashmir Valley across the [[Pir Panjal Range]] falls en route. The total length of NH 1A is 663 km.

An all-weather alternate Srinagar-Jammu road project that will cut short the distance between the two cities by 82 km and the travel time by two-thirds is currently being considered<ref>http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2008/kashmir20080415a.html</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Mughal Road]]
*[[Leh-Manali Highway]]

==External links==
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh1A-driving-directions-map.html NH 1A Map]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[List of National Highways in India (by Highway Number)]]
* [[National Highways Development Project]] 

{{india-road-stub}}
[[Category:Indian National Highways]]

Padum

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Padum

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Khalatse

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#REDIRECT [[Likir]]

Punch (Distrikt, Indien)

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{{For|Poonch district administered by Pakistan|Poonch District (AJK)}}
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
|native_name = Poonch |
type = district |
latd = 33.77 | longd = 74.1
|locator_position = right |
state_name = Jammu and Kashmir
|district = [[Poonch district|Poonch]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|area_telephone = 911965
|postal_code =185101
|website = http://www.poonch.nic.in
|footnotes =
}}

District '''Poonch''' or '''Punch''' popularly known as mini [[Kashmir]], is the smallest in area and the remotest district of [[Jammu and Kashmir]], the capital is [[Poonch]] city. It is bounded by the [[Line of Control]] (boundary between Indian and [[Pakistan]]-administered [[Kashmir]]) on three sides (north, west and south). The 1947-48 war between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] divided it into two parts. One went to Pakistan and the other became part of India.

==Administration==
Presently District Poonch in Indian Kashmir is divided into four [[tehsil]]s:
#Haveli
#Mandi
#Mendhar
#Surankote.

Each tehsil has its [[Tehsildar]], which is the administrative head. The district is further divided into six blocks: Poonch, Mandi, Mendhar, Balakote, Surankote and Buffliaz.<ref>[http://jkrd.nic.in/listAllDistricts.pdf Statement showing the number of blocks in respect of 22 Districts of Jammu and Kashmir State including newly Created Districts] dated 2008-03-13, accessed 2008-08-30</ref> The administrative head of each block is the Block Development Officer (BDO). Each block consists of a number of [[panchayat]]s.

== History ==
{{main|History of Poonch District}}

[[Image:Poonch5.jpg|right|260px]]
October 1947 changed it all. The [[Muslim]]s of lower areas of Poonch i.e [[Bagh]] and [[Rawalakot]] always resented the oppressive policies of the Dogra Maharaja of Jammu, after he took charge of Poonch in 1936. At the time of partition, there were rumours that Muslims were being massacred in Jammu. It enraged the Poonchies and they intensified the struggle for independence from Jammu. A major part of the district went to Azad Kashmir. During the 1947-48 war between India and Pakistan, Poonch city was under attack of Pakistani tribes and Pakistan army for about one year. It was in the month of November 1948 that Poonch city was re-united with Indian-administered Kashmir.

==Politics==
Poonch District has 3 assembly constituencies: Surankote, Mendhar and Poonch Haveli.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/ERos_AERos.html | title=ERO's and AERO's | publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir | accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref>

== People ==
People of different faiths live peacefully in the district. Races like [[Gujjar]]s, [[Bakerwal]]s, [[Pahari]]s, [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]s, [[Kashmiri]]s and [[Rajput]]s live in harmony. Gujjars mostly reside on the slopes of mountains. They have small pieces of land for cultivation, and cattle for supplementing their economy. Bakerwals are nomadic tribes. Gujjars and Bakerwals speak [[Gojri]] whereas rest of the population (excluding Kashmiris) speak [[Pahari]]/Poonchi. The mother tongue is a great cementing factor of the Pahari speaking people because they remain so closely associated with each other that cultural ethos transcend all that of distinct beliefs and faiths<ref>[http://poonch.nic.in/AboutPoonch/AboutPoonch.htm About Poonch - Official site of District Poonch of J&K]</ref>

== Peace ==
With the recent developments between India and Pakistan, the divided people are again coming into contact with each other. The opening of the Poonch-Rawalakot bus is an important step in this direction.

== See also ==
*[[Moghul road]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
;Official
* [http://poonch.nic.in/welcome.html Official website of District Poonch] - Administered by India.
* [http://www.ajk.gov.pk Official website of the Government of Azad Kashmir] - Administered by Pakistan.
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/p/poonch.html The entire list of rulers starting from Raja Moti Singh]
;Related links

* [http://sawerkar.stormloader.com/index2.html Personal website of a Poonchi Sawerkar Sharma]

== Virtual tour of Poonch ==
<gallery>
Image:Poonch1.jpg
Image:Poonch2.jpg
Image:Poonch3.jpg
Image:Poonch4.jpg
Image:Raw.jpg

Image:Raw_(5).jpg
</gallery>

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
[[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[sv:poonch]]