Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Elsa Dorfman

2020-06-01T14:03:50Z

Brainulator9: acceptable short description

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{short description|American portrait photographer}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Elsa Dorfman
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Elsa Dorfman (2005).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Self-portrait of Elsa Dorfman in her studio
| native_name =
| height =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1937|4|26}}
| birth_place = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|5|30|1937|4|26}}
| death_place = Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
| nationality = American
| ethnicity =
| religion =
| education =
| occupation = Photographer
| spouse = [[Harvey Silverglate]] (1976–2020)
| known_for =
| title =
| website =
}}

'''Elsa Dorfman''' (April 26, 1937 – May 30, 2020) was an American portrait photographer. She worked in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]], and was known for her use of a [[Large format (photography)|large-format]] instant [[Instant camera|Polaroid]] camera.<ref name="instant karma">{{cite news|author=Mark Feeney |title=Instant karma |url=http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2008/03/15/instant_karma/?page=full |work=The Boston Globe |date=March 16, 2008 |accessdate=March 15, 2014 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Dorfman was born in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]], on April 26, 1937, and was raised in [[Roxbury, Boston|Roxbury]] and [[Newton, Massachusetts|Newton]].<ref name="Globe obit">{{cite news|title=Elsa Dorfman, photographer whose distinctive portraits illuminated her subjects and herself, dies at 83|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/05/30/metro/elsa-dorfman-photographer-whose-distinctive-portraits-illuminated-her-subjects-herself-dies-83/|first=Mark|last=Feeney|date=May 30, 2020|accessdate=May 30, 2020|newspaper=The Boston Globe|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531055327/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/05/30/metro/elsa-dorfman-photographer-whose-distinctive-portraits-illuminated-her-subjects-herself-dies-83/|archivedate=May 31, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Becker>{{cite news|title=Cambridge Photographer Elsa Dorfman, Famous For Her Giant Polaroids, Dies At 83|url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/05/30/cambridge-photographer-elsa-dorfman-famous-for-her-giant-polaroids-dies-at-83|first=Deborah|last=Becker|date=May 30, 2020|accessdate=May 30, 2020|publisher=WBUR-FM}}</ref> She was the eldest of three daughters of Arthur and Elaine (Kovitz). Her father worked at a grocery chain as a produce buyer; her mother was a housewife.<ref name="Globe obit"/> Her family was of Jewish descent.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cheery 'B-Side' marks end of a photographer's era|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5501385&itype=CMSID|first=Sean P.|last=Means|date=July 13, 2017|accessdate=May 31, 2020|newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref> She studied at [[Tufts University]], where she majored in French literature. During her junior year, she went on [[Student exchange program|exchange]] to Europe, where she worked in [[Brussels]] for [[Expo 58]] and lived in [[Paris]], living in the same student accommodation as [[Susan Sontag]].<ref name="Globe obit"/> Dorfman graduated in 1959 and subsequently moved to [[New York City]], where she was employed as a secretary by [[Grove Press]],<ref name="Globe obit"/> a leading Beat publisher.<ref>Dorfman explains her background in her ''Housebook'' [http://elsa.photo.net/housebook/the-camera.html#elsa The Camera] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901230210/http://elsa.photo.net/housebook/the-camera.html |date=September 1, 2006 }}</ref> When she returned to Boston, she pursued a [[master's degree]] in [[Primary education|elementary education]] at [[Boston College]]. After earning her degree, she spent a year teaching fifth grade at a school in [[Concord, Massachusetts|Concord]].<ref name="Globe obit"/>

==Work==
Calling herself the "Paterson Society", Dorfman began arranging readings for many Beat authors who had become friends, maintaining an active correspondence with them as they traveled the world. In 1963, she began working for the Educational Development Corporation whose photographer, George Cope, introduced her to photography in June 1965. She made her first sale two months later, in August 1965, for $25 of a photograph of [[Charles Olson]] which was used on the cover of his book ''The Human Universe''. Due to economic limitations, she did not buy her own camera until 1967, when she sent a check for $150 to [[Philip Whalen]] who was then in [[Kyoto]], Japan, and he in turn enlisted [[Gary Snyder]], who could speak [[Japanese language|Japanese]], to purchase the camera and mail it to her.<ref>{{cite news|title=An Interview With Elsa Dorfman|url=https://www.digitalphotopro.com/profiles/an-interview-with-elsa-dorfman/|first=Mark Edward|last=Harris|date=May 19, 2016|accessdate=May 31, 2020|magazine=Digital Photo Pro}}</ref> In May 1968, she moved into the Flagg Street house which would become the basis of her ''Housebook''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elsa Dorfman discusses Elsa's Housebook: A Woman's Photojournal|url=http://www.harvard.com/event/elsa_dorfman/|date=October 25, 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2020|publisher=Harvard Book Store}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=kpI5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22elsa+dorfman%22+%22Flagg+Street%22+%22may+1968%22&dq=%22elsa+dorfman%22+%22Flagg+Street%22+%22may+1968%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcufa5i97pAhWJu54KHQbsARIQ6AEIKDAA|title=Elsa's Housebook: A Woman's Photojournal|publisher=D. R. Godine|year=1974|last=Dorfman|first=Elsa|page=14|isbn=9780879230999}}</ref>

[[File:Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan by Elsa Dorfman.jpg|left|thumb|Portrait of [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Allen Ginsberg]], 1975]]
Dorfman's principal published work, originally published in 1974, was ''Elsa's Housebook – A Woman's Photojournal,''<ref>[http://elsa.photo.net/housebook/index.html Elsa Dorfman's Housebook] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820092334/http://elsa.photo.net/housebook/index.html |date=August 20, 2006 }}</ref> a photographic record of family and friends who visited her in Cambridge when she lived there during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Many well known people, especially literary figures associated with the [[Beat generation]], are prominent in the book, including [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]],<ref name=CCF>{{cite web|title=Cultural Visionary: Elsa Dorfman|url=http://cambridgecf.org/cultural-visionary-elsa-dorfman/|accessdate=May 31, 2020|publisher=Cambridge Community Foundation}}</ref> [[Allen Ginsberg]], [[Peter Orlovsky]], Gary Snyder, [[Gregory Corso]], and [[Robert Creeley]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Elsa Dorfman talks about ‘Housebook’|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2012/10/26/elsa-dorfman-talks-about-housebook/JLVpExbEmIVP6zSYwAMbrO/story.html|first1=Mark|last1=Shanahan|first2=Meredith|last2=Goldstein|date=October 27, 2012|accessdate=May 30, 2020|newspaper=The Boston Globe}}</ref><ref name=Whyte>{{cite news|title=Elsa Dorfman looks back at 50 years on both sides of the camera|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/02/06/arts/elsa-dorfman-looks-back-50-years-both-sides-camera/|first=Murray|last=Whyte|date=February 6, 2020|accessdate=May 30, 2020|newspaper=The Boston Globe|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212145845/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/02/06/arts/elsa-dorfman-looks-back-50-years-both-sides-camera/|archivedate=February 12, 2020}}</ref> in addition to people who would become notable in other fields, such as radical feminist [[Andrea Dworkin]],<ref name=CCF/> and civil rights lawyer [[Harvey Silverglate]] (who would become Dorfman's husband).<ref name="Globe obit"/> She also photographed staples of the Boston rock scene such as [[Jonathan Richman]],<ref name=Whyte/> frontman of The Modern Lovers, and [[Steven Tyler]] of Aerosmith.<ref name=CCF/>

She was known for her use of a [[Instant camera|Polaroid]] 20 by 24 inch camera (one of only six in existence),<ref>According to her web site [[FAQ]], [http://elsadorfman.com/camera.html Frequently Asked Questions about Elsa Dorfman's Portrait Photography on the Polaroid 20x24 Camera] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403121940/http://elsadorfman.com/camera.html |date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref> from which she created large prints. She photographed famous writers, poets, and musicians including [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Allen Ginsberg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/onlinecollection/object_collection.php?objectid=33166&lefttxt=elsa%20dorfman |title=Allen Ginsberg on Flagg Street, 1973 at the Jewish Museum (New York) |publisher=Thejewishmuseum |date= |accessdate= }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Indrisek |first1=Scott |title=The Polaroid Pioneer Who Shot Allen Ginsberg Naked Wants to Take Your Portrait |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-polaroid-pioneer-shot-allen-ginsberg-naked-portrait |publisher=Artsey.net |accessdate=May 31, 2020}}</ref> Due to bankruptcy, the Polaroid Corporation entirely ceased production of its unique instant film products in 2008. Dorfman stocked up with a year's supply of her camera's last available 20 by 24 instant film.<ref name="instant karma" />

Dorfman's life and work were the subject of the 2016 documentary film ''The B-Side: Elsa Dorfman's Portrait Photography'', directed by [[Errol Morris]].<ref name="variety">{{cite magazine|author=Andrew Barker|title=Film Review: 'The B-Side: Elsa Dorfman’s Portrait Photography' |url= https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/toronto-film-review-the-b-side-elsa-dorfmans-portrait-photography-1201859541/ |magazine=Variety |date=September 13, 2016 |accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Allen Ginsberg by Elsa Dorfman.jpg|[[Allen Ginsberg]]
Gail-mazur-and-gordon-cairnie-by-elsa-dorfman.jpg|Gail Mazur and Gordon Cairnie at [[Grolier Poetry Bookshop|Grolier]]
Denise-levertov.jpg|[[Denise Levertov]]
Anais Nin.jpg|[[Anaïs Nin]]
Bruce Cratsley And Mr Muffit.jpg|[[Bruce Cratsley]]
</gallery>

==Raising awareness==
Dorfman suggested elements of healing through her work in a variety of ways. She photographed terminal cancer patients, emphasizing their dignity. In 1995, she collaborated with graphic artist Marc A. Sawyer to illustrate the booklet ''40 Ways to Fight the Fight Against AIDS''. She photographed people, both with and without [[AIDS]], each engaged in one of forty activities that might help AIDS victims in their daily life. The photographs were exhibited 1995 at the Lotus Development Corporation in Cambridge, in [[Provincetown]] and in [[New York City]]. The artist donated the costs of producing the photographs for this project.<ref>Hoffmann, K. (1999). Elsa Dorfman: Portraits of Our Time. ''Woman's Art Journal Vol. 20, No. 2'', 1999, 28.</ref>

Dorfman co-starred in the documentary ''[[No Hair Day]]'' (1999) as she WAS taking the portraits of three women undergoing treatment for breast cancer.<ref name="Globe obit"/>

==Personal life and death==
In 1967, Dorfman met Harvey Silverglate, who was representing the defense in a drug trial. Dorfman thought the case could be the subject of a book and talked it over with him, after which Silverglate asked to take a portrait of him and his brother to give to their mother. They married nearly a decade later in 1976.<ref name="Globe obit"/> Together, they had one son, Isaac.<ref name=Whyte/>

Dorfman died on May 30, 2020, at her home in Cambridge. She was 83; according to her husband, she suffered kidney failure.<ref name="Globe obit"/><ref name=Becker/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://elsadorfman.com/ }}
*[http://openarchives.umb.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15774coll8/id/294/rec/49 Elsa Dorfman photographs, 1957-1970], University Archives and Special Collections, Joseph P. Healey Library, [[University of Massachusetts Boston]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dorfman, Elsa}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:American women photographers]]
[[Category:Instant photography]]
[[Category:Jewish American artists]]
[[Category:Photographers from Massachusetts]]

Erdbeben von Istanbul 1766

2019-10-27T21:10:32Z

Brainulator9: disambiguation

{{Infobox earthquake
|title= 1766 Istanbul earthquake
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start date|1766|5|22|df=yes}}
|local-time = 05:10
|map2 = {{Location map | Turkey |relief=1
| label=
| lat=40.8
| long=29
| mark=Bullseye1.png
| marksize=40
| position=top
| width= 260
| float=right
| caption=}}
|magnitude = 7.1 [[Surface wave magnitude|Ms]]
|depth=
|location={{coord|40.8|29|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GJI2000"/>
|countries affected = [[Ottoman Empire]]
|casualties = 4,000
|image = WallsOfConstantinopleDamagedByEarthquake.jpg
|caption= The walls of Constantinople damaged by the earthquake
|fault=[[North Anatolian Fault]]
|tsunami = yes
|affected = [[Vilayet of Constantinople]]
}}

The '''1766 Istanbul earthquake''' was a strong [[earthquake]] with [[epicenter]] in the eastern part of the [[Sea of Marmara]], in the [[Çınarcık]] basin (or near the [[Princes' Islands]], north of the basin) <ref name="Nick"/> which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766.<ref name="GJI2000">{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/141/3/F1/613019|title=Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500|author1=N. N. Ambraseys|author2=J. A. Jackson|language=en|journal=Geophysical Journal International|volume=141|issue=3|date=June 2000}}</ref> The earthquake had an estimated [[Seismic magnitude scales|magnitude]] of 7.1 on the [[surface wave magnitude]] scale,<ref name="Nick">{{Cite journal|author=N.N. Ambraseys|authorlink=Nicholas Ambraseys|date=December 2001|journal= Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America| doi = 10.1785/0120000305|title= The Earthquake of 1509 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, Revisited}}</ref> and caused effects in a vast area extending from [[Izmit]] to [[Tekirdağ]].<ref name=sabah>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/erhan-afyoncu/2017/08/20/istanbulun-son-buyuk-depremi|title=Istanbul'un son buyuk depremi|author= Erhan Afyioncu|language=tr|date=20 August 2017|accessdate=27 October 2019}}</ref> In this area, the earthquake was followed by a [[tsunami]] which caused significant damage. The earthquake of 1766 was the last major earthquake to rock Istanbul.<ref name=sabah/>

==Geology==
The [[Sea of Marmara]] is a [[pull-apart basin]] formed at a [[Extensional tectonics#Releasing bends along strike-slip faults|releasing bend]] in the [[North Anatolian Fault]], a right-lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]]. This local zone of extension occurs where this [[Transform fault|transform]] boundary between the [[Anatolian Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]] steps northwards to the west of [[Izmit]] from the Izmit Fault to the [[Şarköy|Ganos]] Fault. The pattern of faults within the sea of Marmara basin is complex but near [[Istanbul]] there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west-east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is NW-SE trending and shows evidence of [[Transtension|both normal and strike-slip]] motion.<ref name="Armijo">{{cite journal|last=Armijo|first=R.|author2=Meyer B.|author3=Navarro S.|author4=King G.|author5=Narka A.|last-author-amp=yes|year=2002|title=Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault?|journal=Terra Nova|volume=14|issue=2|pages=80–86|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~armijo/ArmijoPDF/ArmijoTN02.pdf|accessdate=2010-02-06|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00397.x|bibcode=2002TeNov..14...80A| citeseerx=10.1.1.546.4111}}</ref>

In 1766 the rupture of the fault happened either under the [[Princes' Islands]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116001256|title=Maximum earthquake magnitudes along different sections of the North Anatolian fault zone|author1=Marco Bohnhoff|author2=Patricia Martínez-Garzón|author3=Fatih Bulut|author4=Eva Stierle|author5=Yehuda Ben-Zion|doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.028|language=en|journal=Tectonophysics|volume=674|date=2 April 2016|p=147–165}}
</ref> or, more probably, under the Çınarcık basin, since a more central break could not have caused the great [[tsunami]] that struck Istanbul and the Gulf of Iznik, although this had been produced by a submarine [[landslide]].<ref name=caltech>{{Cite journal|url=ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2013/Biblio/Hebert_2005_MarGeol.pdf|title=Tsunami hazard in the Marmara Sea (Turkey): a numerical approach to discuss active faulting and impact on the Istanbul coastal areas|author1=Helene Hebert|author2=Francois Schindele|author3=Yildiz Altinok|author4=Bedri Alpar|author5=Cem Gazioglu|language=en|journal=Marine Geology|volume=215|year=2005|p=23–43|doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.006}}</ref>

==Characteristics of the earthquake==
The earthquake began half an hour after sunrise, at 5:10 a.m. on May 22, 1766, which was the third day of the [[Kurban Bairam]].<ref name=dailysabah>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2018/09/26/istanbuls-nightmare-a-timeline-of-earthquakes-that-shook-the-city|title=Istanbul's nightmare: A timeline of earthquakes that shook the city|language=en|author=Erhan Afyouncu|date=26 September 2018}}</ref> The first shock, accompanied by a loud roar, lasted two minutes:<ref name=dailysabah/> there was therefore a less intense shock lasting four minutes.<ref name=dailysabah/> Successive shocks occurred at half-hour intervals: the earthquake was violent and protracted, forcing residents to seek refuge in open parks and squares.<ref name="Nick"/> It is said that the aftershocks continued for 18 days without causing further damage, however delaying the reconstruction in some areas.<ref name="Nick"/> A 58 km long fault rupture was estimated from the area and from the intensity of the shock.<ref name="Nick"/>

The earthquake was felt up to [[Aydin]], [[Thessaloniki]], on [[Mount Athos]], in Bulgaria and along the west coast of the [[Black Sea]].<ref name=ambfin>{{cite journal|url=ftp://ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/sozen/Istanbul%2520at%2520the%2520Threshold/Papers%2520(in%2520English)/Paper%252007%2520Terra%2520Motae%2520-%2520Longterm%2520seismicity%2520of%2520Istanbul%2520and%2520the%2520Marmara%2520Sea%2520region%2520by%2520Ambraseys%2520Finkel.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1Cg2_CSA3vKG16OjYPoJUI|author1=N.N. Ambraseys|author2=C. F. Finkel|volume=3|p=527–39|journal=Terra nova|year=1991|title=Long-term seismicity of Istanbul and of the Marmara sea region|language=en|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> The aftershocks continued for 45 days after the main event, and the population was unable to return home for two months. This earthquake was compared to [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|the catastrophic one in Lisbon]], which occurred 11 years earlier.

==Damages and victims==
[[File:Fatihcomplex.jpg|thumb|The Fatih mosque and its complex (here in 1559) were destroyed in 1766]]
The estimate of the significant damage area (greater than the [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|MCS]] VII grade (Very Strong)) extends from [[Bursa]] to [[Küçükçekmece]],<ref name=pars>{{Cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2003JB002667|title=Recalculated probability of M>=7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey|date=22 May 2004|author=Tom Parsons|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=109|doi=10.1029/2003JB002667|language=en}}</ref> but significant damage occurred from [[Tekirdağ]] and [[Gelibolu]] to the west, Izmit to the east, [[Edirne]] to the north .<ref name=hal/><ref name=ambfin/> The settlements on the Gulf of [[Mudanya]] also suffered damage,<ref name=caltech/> while [[Galata]] and [[Büyükçekmece]] were severely damaged. In Constantinople the intensity of the earthquake was estimated between grade VII <ref name=inter>{{Cite journal|title=Interseismic strain build-up on the submarine North Anatolian Fault offshore Istanbul|author=Dietrich Lange & aa.|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-019-11016-z|volume=10|year=2019|language=en|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6614505/}}</ref> and VIII-IX;<ref name=pars/> many houses and public buildings collapsed.<ref name=ambfin/> Furthermore, part of the underground water distribution system was destroyed;<ref name=ambfin/> the Ayvad dam, on the upper [[Kâğıthane]], was damaged, and in Istanbul the vault of an underground cistern collapsed.<ref name=ambfin/> In the city, most of the mosques and churches in Istanbul were damaged, as was the [[Topkapi palace]]: the [[ottoman sultan|sultan]] had to live in temporary housing until his home was restored.<ref name=great>{{Cite book|title=Earthquake time bombs|url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=v9jECgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=1766+constantinople+earthquake+sultan+topkapi&source=bl&ots=ztPxXLMrC2&sig=ACfU3U3ECQhOCsl8TQ720MU-PB2qq-5Oxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI_7eR2bLlAhWDGewKHafSB44Q6AEwDXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=1766%20constantinople%20earthquake%20sultan%20topkapi&f=false|language=en|author=Robert Yeats|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|ISBN=9781316048184|doi=10.1017/CBO9781316048184}}</ref> Among the imperial mosques, the dome of [[Mosque of Beyazit|that of Bayezid]] was damaged,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 388</ref> while the [[minaret]] and the main dome of the [[Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)|mosque of Mihrimah]] collapsed.<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 441</ref> The [[Süleymaniye Mosque]] was also damaged,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 467</ref> while the [[Fatih mosque]] suffered the collapse of the minarets, the main dome and several secondary domes,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 407</ref> and 100 students in the [[Koran school]] died; so the complex had to be rebuilt.<ref name=great/> The [[Kariye Mosque]] was also seriously damaged,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 162</ref> but the [[Hagia Sophia|mosque of Ayasofya]] survived instead almost unharmed.<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 93</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jsce.or.jp/library/eq_repo/Vol1/TURKEY/Turkey/Chap10.pdf|title=Damage to domes, minarets and historical structures}}</ref> The [[Yedikule Fortress|castle of Yedikule]],<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 341</ref> Eğrikapı, [[Walls of Constantinople#Gate of Charisius|Edirnekapı]] and the city walls were also damaged, while there were damages to Galata and [[Pera (Beyoğlu)|Pera]] and to the [[Grand Bazaar, Istanbul|Grand Bazaar]].<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 346</ref>
At [[Çatalca]] and in the surrounding villages all the masonry buildings collapsed.<ref name=ambfin/> Since the earthquake struck the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, serious damage was also recorded on the southern shore, from Mudanya to [[Karamürsel]],<ref name=ambfin/> and the tsunami waves made the ports unusable. The highest level of the [[tsunami]] was observed in the [[Bosphorus]] region;<ref name=faultint/> the tsunami was also strong on the shores of Galata and Mudanya, while some small islands in the Marmara Sea were partially submerged.

The number of deaths was estimated at 4,000, of which 850 were in Istanbul.<ref name=ambfin/><ref name=faultint>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~king/Geoffrey_King/Publications_files/PondardGJI07.pdf|title=Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart (North AnatolianFault): earthquake clustering and propagating earthquake sequences|journal=Geophys. J. Int.|year=2007|volume=171|p=1185–1197|author1=Nicolas Pondard|author2=Rolando Armijo|author3=Geoffrey C. P. King|author4=Bertrand Meyer|author5=Frederic Flerit|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03580.x|language=en}}</ref> Some members of the [[Ottoman dynasty]] are believed to have died in this earthquake.

== August earthquake ==
In August of the same year, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck the [[Dardanelles]] region. On that occasion the damage in Istanbul was slight.<ref name=hal>{{Cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01264190/document|title=Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara|author1=Mustapha Meghraoui|author2=M. Ersen Aksoy|author3=H Serdar Akyüz|author4=Matthieu Ferry|author5=Aynur Dikbaş|author6=Erhan Altunel|journal=Paleochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, AGU and the Geochemical Society|year=2012 |doi=10.1029/2011GC003960|language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*{{cite book
|last=Müller-Wiener
|first= Wolfgang
|authorlink=Wolfgang Müller-Wiener
|title=Bildlexikon Zur Topographie Istanbuls: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul Bis Zum Beginn D. 17 Jh
|publisher=Wasmuth
|location=Tübingen
|year=1977
|language = German
|isbn = 978-3-8030-1022-3
}}

[[Category:18th-century earthquakes]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Turkey]]
[[Category:History of Istanbul]]
[[Category:1766 in science]]
[[Category:1766 in Europe]]
[[Category:1766 in Asia]]
[[Category:1766 in Ottoman Empire]]

Erdbeben von Istanbul 1766

2019-10-27T21:04:09Z

Brainulator9: general fixes

{{Infobox earthquake
|title= 1766 Istanbul earthquake
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start date|1766|5|22|df=yes}}
|local-time = 05:10
|map2 = {{Location map | Turkey |relief=1
| label=
| lat=40.8
| long=29
| mark=Bullseye1.png
| marksize=40
| position=top
| width= 260
| float=right
| caption=}}
|magnitude = 7.1 [[Surface wave magnitude|Ms]]
|depth=
|location={{coord|40.8|29|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GJI2000"/>
|countries affected = [[Ottoman Empire]]
|casualties = 4,000
|image = WallsOfConstantinopleDamagedByEarthquake.jpg
|caption= The walls of Constantinople damaged by the earthquake
|fault=[[North Anatolian Fault]]
|tsunami = yes
|affected = [[Vilayet of Constantinople]]
}}

The '''1766 Istanbul earthquake''' was a strong [[earthquake]] with [[epicenter]] in the eastern part of the [[Sea of Marmara]], in the [[Çınarcık]] basin (or near the [[Princes' Islands]], north of the basin) <ref name="Nick"/> which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766.<ref name="GJI2000">{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/141/3/F1/613019|title=Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500|author1=N. N. Ambraseys|author2=J. A. Jackson|language=en|journal=Geophysical Journal International|volume=141|issue=3|date=June 2000}}</ref> The earthquake had an estimated [[Seismic magnitude scales|magnitude]] of 7.1 on the [[surface wave magnitude]] scale,<ref name="Nick">{{Cite journal|author=N.N. Ambraseys|authorlink=Nicholas Ambraseys|date=December 2001|journal= Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America| doi = 10.1785/0120000305|title= The Earthquake of 1509 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, Revisited}}</ref> and caused effects in a vast area extending from [[Izmit]] to [[Tekirdağ]].<ref name=sabah>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/erhan-afyoncu/2017/08/20/istanbulun-son-buyuk-depremi|title=Istanbul'un son buyuk depremi|author= Erhan Afyioncu|language=tr|date=20 August 2017|accessdate=27 October 2019}}</ref> In this area, the earthquake was followed by a [[tsunami]] which caused significant damage. The earthquake of 1766 was the last major earthquake to rock Istanbul.<ref name=sabah/>

==Geology==
The [[Sea of Marmara]] is a [[pull-apart basin]] formed at a [[Extensional tectonics#Releasing bends along strike-slip faults|releasing bend]] in the [[North Anatolian Fault]], a right-lateral [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip fault]]. This local zone of extension occurs where this [[Transform fault|transform]] boundary between the [[Anatolian Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]] steps northwards to the west of [[Izmit]] from the Izmit Fault to the [[Şarköy|Ganos]] Fault. The pattern of faults within the sea of Marmara basin is complex but near [[Istanbul]] there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west-east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is NW-SE trending and shows evidence of [[Transtension|both normal and strike-slip]] motion.<ref name="Armijo">{{cite journal|last=Armijo|first=R.|author2=Meyer B.|author3=Navarro S.|author4=King G.|author5=Narka A.|last-author-amp=yes|year=2002|title=Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault?|journal=Terra Nova|volume=14|issue=2|pages=80–86|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~armijo/ArmijoPDF/ArmijoTN02.pdf|accessdate=2010-02-06|doi=10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00397.x|bibcode=2002TeNov..14...80A| citeseerx=10.1.1.546.4111}}</ref>

In the case of 1766 the rupture of the fault happened either under the princes islands <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195116001256|title=Maximum earthquake magnitudes along different sections of the North Anatolian fault zone|author1=Marco Bohnhoff|author2=Patricia Martínez-Garzón|author3=Fatih Bulut|author4=Eva Stierle|author5=Yehuda Ben-Zion|doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.028|language=en|journal=Tectonophysics|volume=674|date=2 April 2016|p=147–165}}
</ref> or, more probably, under the Çınarcık basin, since a more central break could not have caused the great [[tsunami]] that struck Istanbul and the Gulf of Iznik, although this had been produced by a submarine [[landslide]].<ref name=caltech>{{Cite journal|url=ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2013/Biblio/Hebert_2005_MarGeol.pdf|title=Tsunami hazard in the Marmara Sea (Turkey): a numerical approach to discuss active faulting and impact on the Istanbul coastal areas|author1=Helene Hebert|author2=Francois Schindele|author3=Yildiz Altinok|author4=Bedri Alpar|author5=Cem Gazioglu|language=en|journal=Marine Geology|volume=215|year=2005|p=23–43|doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.006}}</ref>

==Characteristics of the earthquake==
The earthquake began half an hour after sunrise, at 5:10 a.m. on May 22, 1766, which was the third day of the [[Kurban Bairam]].<ref name=dailysabah>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2018/09/26/istanbuls-nightmare-a-timeline-of-earthquakes-that-shook-the-city|title=Istanbul's nightmare: A timeline of earthquakes that shook the city|language=en|author=Erhan Afyouncu|date=26 September 2018}}</ref> The first shock, accompanied by a loud roar, lasted two minutes:<ref name=dailysabah/> there was therefore a less intense shock lasting four minutes.<ref name=dailysabah/> Successive shocks occurred at half-hour intervals: the earthquake was violent and protracted, forcing residents to seek refuge in open parks and squares.<ref name="Nick"/> It is said that the aftershocks continued for 18 days without causing further damage, however delaying the reconstruction in some areas.<ref name="Nick"/> A 58 km long fault rupture was estimated from the area and from the intensity of the shock.<ref name="Nick"/>

The earthquake was felt up to [[Aydin]], [[Thessaloniki]], on [[Mount Athos]], in Bulgaria and along the west coast of the [[Black Sea]].<ref name=ambfin>{{cite journal|url=ftp://ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/sozen/Istanbul%2520at%2520the%2520Threshold/Papers%2520(in%2520English)/Paper%252007%2520Terra%2520Motae%2520-%2520Longterm%2520seismicity%2520of%2520Istanbul%2520and%2520the%2520Marmara%2520Sea%2520region%2520by%2520Ambraseys%2520Finkel.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1Cg2_CSA3vKG16OjYPoJUI|author1=N.N. Ambraseys|author2=C. F. Finkel|volume=3|p=527–39|journal=Terra nova|year=1991|title=Long-term seismicity of Istanbul and of the Marmara sea region|language=en|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> The aftershocks continued for 45 days after the main event, and the population was unable to return home for two months. This earthquake was compared to [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|the catastrophic one in Lisbon]], which occurred 11 years earlier.

==Damages and victims==
[[File:Fatihcomplex.jpg|thumb|The Fatih mosque and its complex (here in 1559) were destroyed in 1766]]
The estimate of the significant damage area (greater than the [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|MCS]] VII grade (Very Strong)) extends from [[Bursa]] to [[Küçükçekmece]],<ref name=pars>{{Cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2003JB002667|title=Recalculated probability of M>=7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey|date=22 May 2004|author=Tom Parsons|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=109|doi=10.1029/2003JB002667|language=en}}</ref> but significant damage occurred from [[Tekirdağ]] and [[Gelibolu]] to the west, Izmit to the east, [[Edirne]] to the north .<ref name=hal/><ref name=ambfin/> The settlements on the Gulf of [[Mudanya]] also suffered damage,<ref name=caltech/> while [[Galata]] and [[Büyükçekmece]] were severely damaged. In Constantinople the intensity of the earthquake was estimated between grade VII <ref name=inter>{{Cite journal|title=Interseismic strain build-up on the submarine North Anatolian Fault offshore Istanbul|author=Dietrich Lange & aa.|journal=Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/s41467-019-11016-z|volume=10|year=2019|language=en|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6614505/}}</ref> and VIII-IX;<ref name=pars/> many houses and public buildings collapsed.<ref name=ambfin/> Furthermore, part of the underground water distribution system was destroyed;<ref name=ambfin/> the Ayvad dam, on the upper [[Kâğıthane]], was damaged, and in Istanbul the vault of an underground cistern collapsed.<ref name=ambfin/> In the city, most of the mosques and churches in Istanbul were damaged, as was the [[Topkapi palace]]: the [[ottoman sultan|sultan]] had to live in temporary housing until his home was restored.<ref name=great>{{Cite book|title=Earthquake time bombs|url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=v9jECgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=1766+constantinople+earthquake+sultan+topkapi&source=bl&ots=ztPxXLMrC2&sig=ACfU3U3ECQhOCsl8TQ720MU-PB2qq-5Oxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiI_7eR2bLlAhWDGewKHafSB44Q6AEwDXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=1766%20constantinople%20earthquake%20sultan%20topkapi&f=false|language=en|author=Robert Yeats|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|ISBN=9781316048184|doi=10.1017/CBO9781316048184}}</ref> Among the imperial mosques, the dome of [[Mosque of Beyazit|that of Bayezid]] was damaged,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 388</ref> while the [[minaret]] and the main dome of the [[Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)|mosque of Mihrimah]] collapsed.<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 441</ref> The [[Süleymaniye Mosque]] was also damaged,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 467</ref> while the [[Fatih mosque]] suffered the collapse of the minarets, the main dome and several secondary domes,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 407</ref> and 100 students in the [[Koran school]] died; so the complex had to be rebuilt.<ref name=great/> The [[Kariye Mosque]] was also seriously damaged,<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 162</ref> but the [[Hagia Sophia|mosque of Ayasofya]] survived instead almost unharmed.<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977) p. 93</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jsce.or.jp/library/eq_repo/Vol1/TURKEY/Turkey/Chap10.pdf|title=Damage to domes, minarets and historical structures}}</ref> The [[Yedikule Fortress|castle of Yedikule]],<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 341</ref> Eğrikapı, [[Walls of Constantinople#Gate of Charisius|Edirnekapı]] and the city walls were also damaged, while there were damages to Galata and [[Pera]] and to the [[Grand Bazaar, Istanbul|Grand Bazaar]].<ref>Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 346</ref>
At [[Çatalca]] and in the surrounding villages all the masonry buildings collapsed.<ref name=ambfin/> Since the earthquake struck the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, serious damage was also recorded on the southern shore, from Mudanya to [[Karamürsel]],<ref name=ambfin/> and the tsunami waves made the ports unusable. The highest level of the [[tsunami]] was observed in the [[Bosphorus]] region;<ref name=faultint/> the tsunami was also strong on the shores of Galata and Mudanya, while some small islands in the Marmara Sea were partially submerged.

The number of deaths was estimated at 4,000, of which 850 were in Istanbul.<ref name=ambfin/><ref name=faultint>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ipgp.fr/~king/Geoffrey_King/Publications_files/PondardGJI07.pdf|title=Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart (North AnatolianFault): earthquake clustering and propagating earthquake sequences|journal=Geophys. J. Int.|year=2007|volume=171|p=1185–1197|author1=Nicolas Pondard|author2=Rolando Armijo|author3=Geoffrey C. P. King|author4=Bertrand Meyer|author5=Frederic Flerit|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03580.x|language=en}}</ref> Some members of the [[Ottoman dynasty]] are believed to have died in this earthquake.

== August earthquake ==
In August of the same year, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck the [[Dardanelles]] region. On that occasion the damage in Istanbul was slight.<ref name=hal>{{Cite journal|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01264190/document|title=Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara|author1=Mustapha Meghraoui|author2=M. Ersen Aksoy|author3=H Serdar Akyüz|author4=Matthieu Ferry|author5=Aynur Dikbaş|author6=Erhan Altunel|journal=Paleochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, AGU and the Geochemical Society|year=2012 |doi=10.1029/2011GC003960|language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*{{cite book
|last=Müller-Wiener
|first= Wolfgang
|authorlink=Wolfgang Müller-Wiener
|title=Bildlexikon Zur Topographie Istanbuls: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul Bis Zum Beginn D. 17 Jh
|publisher=Wasmuth
|location=Tübingen
|year=1977
|language = German
|isbn = 978-3-8030-1022-3
}}

[[Category:18th-century earthquakes]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Turkey]]
[[Category:History of Istanbul]]
[[Category:1766 in science]]
[[Category:1766 in Europe]]
[[Category:1766 in Asia]]
[[Category:1766 in Ottoman Empire]]

Beretta M1918

2019-06-30T19:29:40Z

Brainulator9: infobox cleanup

{{Infobox weapon
| is_ranged = yes
| image = Beretta M1918.jpg
| image_size = 325px
| caption = Beretta Model 1918
| name = Beretta Model 1918
| type = [[Submachine gun]]
| origin = [[Kingdom of Italy]]
| era =
| design_date =
| prod_design_date =
| serv_design_date =
| used_by = See Users
| wars = [[World War I]] [[World War II]]
| spec_type =
| caliber = 9mm .22 calibre
| part_length = 12 in (305 mm)
| cartridge = [[9 mm Glisenti|9mm Glisenti]] .22LR
| feed = 25 round detachable box
| action = Blowback, automatic only
| rate = 900 round/min cyclic
| velocity = {{convert|1275|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}
| weight = 7 lb 3 oz (3.3 kg)
| length = 43 in (1092 mm)
| variants = Model 1918 Model 1918/30 Hafdasa C-1
| number =
}}

The '''Beretta Model 1918''' was a [[submachine gun]] that entered service in 1918 with the [[Italian armed forces]]. Designed initially as a [[semi-automatic rifle]], the weapon came with an overhead inserted magazine, an unconventional design based on the simplicity of allowing a spent round to be replaced using assistance from [[gravity]]. The gun was made from half of a [[Villar-Perosa aircraft submachine gun]],<ref>https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-m1918-smg-photos/</ref> and as such it can be considered the first submachine gun issued to and used by the Italian armed forces, and is possibly the first SMG used as a general-issue combat weapon.

Another variant was the semiautomatic Model 1918/30 with the magazine inserted underneath and came with a bayonet.<ref>http://s3.postimage.org/yi28hz9rr/DSCF1198.jpg</ref> The Model 1918/30 was also manufactured in Argentina by Hafdasa as the C-1, which formed the basis of the [[Hafdasa C-4|Ballester-Riguard submachine gun]].

==Design==
*Barrel rifling: 6 grooves with a right hand twist (6-right)
* Automatic carbine, cal. 9mm, having a barrel length of 12.5" and a magazine capacity of 25 rounds.

==Users==
* {{flagcountry|Albania}}
* {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
* {{flagcountry|Italy}}

==See also==
*[[Hafdasa C-4]], an Argentine derivative of the Beretta Model 1918.
*[[Italian submachine guns]]
*[[Villar-Perosa aircraft submachine gun|Villar-Perosa,]] aircraft submachine gun

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100405070859/http://www.comandosupremo.com/M1918.html Beretta Model 1918 Sub-Machine Gun]
* [http://www.foro.fullaventura.com/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=48764 Ballester-Riguard submachine gun]

{{Beretta firearms}}
{{WWIIItalianInfWeapons}}

[[Category:Beretta submachine guns|M1918]]
[[Category:World War I Italian infantry weapons]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of Italy]]
[[Category:World War I submachine guns]]
[[Category:World War II submachine guns]]
[[Category:Submachine guns of Italy]]

{{Gun-stub}}

Liste der 32X-Spiele

2019-06-25T00:38:13Z

Brainulator9: Importing Wikidata short description: "Wikimedia list article" (Shortdesc helper)

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}
{{featured list}}
[[File:Sega-Genesis-Model2-32X.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A Sega 32X attached to a Sega Genesis]]

The [[32X]] is an add-on for the [[Sega Genesis]] [[video game console]]. Codenamed "Project Mars",<ref name="Kent_493_496"/> the 32X was designed to expand the power of the Genesis and serve as a holdover until the release of the [[Sega Saturn]].<ref name="32XIGN">{{cite web|author=Buchanan, Levi|title=32X Follies|publisher=[[IGN]]|date=2008-10-24|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/10/24/32x-follies|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417080118/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/10/24/32x-follies|archivedate=2016-04-17|df=}}</ref> Independent of the Genesis, the 32X used its own [[ROM cartridge]]s and had its own library of games. A total of '''40 titles''' were produced worldwide ['''36 NA games''' (''10 Exclusives''), '''27 PAL''' (''2 Exclusives''), '''18 JP''' (''1 exclusive''), and '''1 game''' ''exclusive'' to '''BR'''], including six that required both the 32X and [[Sega CD]] add-ons.<ref name="AllgameCD32X" />

Unveiled at June 1994's [[Consumer Electronics Show]], [[Sega]] presented the 32X as the "poor man's entry into 'next generation' games."<ref name="Kent_493_496"/> The product was originally conceived as an entirely new console by Sega of Japan and positioned as an inexpensive alternative for gamers into [[History of video game consoles (fifth generation)|the 32-bit era]], but at the suggestion of Sega of America [[research and development]] head Joe Miller, the console was converted into an add-on to the existing Genesis and made more powerful, with two 32-bit [[central processing unit]] chips and a 3D graphics processor.<ref name="Kent_493_496"/> Despite these changes, the console failed to attract either developers or consumers as the Sega Saturn had already been announced for release the next year.<ref name="Kent_493_496"/> In part because of this, and also to rush the 32X to market before the [[Christmas and holiday season|holiday season]] in 1994, the 32X suffered from a poor library of titles, including Genesis [[Porting|ports]] with improvements to the number of colors that appeared on screen.<ref name="32XIGN" /> Originally released at [[US$]]159, Sega dropped the price to $99 in only a few months and ultimately cleared the remaining inventory at $19.95.<ref name="Kent_493_496">{{cite book |last=Kent |first=Steven L. |authorlink=Steven L. Kent |title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World |year=2001 |publisher=Prima Publishing |location=Roseville, California |isbn=0-7615-3643-4 |pages=493–496}}</ref> At least 665,000 units were sold.<ref name=Man!ac>{{cite news |title=Videospiel-Algebra|publisher=''Man!ac Magazine'' |date=May 1995}}</ref>

The following list contains all of the games released for the 32X, as well as the games that required both the 32X and the CD. Among the titles for the 32X were ports of [[Arcade game|arcade]] games ''[[Space Harrier]]'' and ''[[Star Wars Arcade]]'', a [[Side-scrolling video game|sidescroller]] with a [[hummingbird]] as a main character in ''[[Kolibri (video game)|Kolibri]]'', a 32X-exclusive game in the [[Sonic the Hedgehog (series)|''Sonic the Hedgehog'' series]] in ''[[Knuckles' Chaotix]]'', and a version of ''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]'' that was noted for its movement and game length issues when compared to other versions of the game. In a retrospective review of the console, ''Star Wars Arcade'' was considered the best game for the 32X by [[IGN]] for its co-operative play, soundtrack, and faithful reproduction of the experiences of ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]''.<ref name="32XIGN" /><ref name="IGNSW" />

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Region code guide
|-
!scope="col"|Regions released
!scope="col"|Region description
|-
!scope="row"|JP ([[Japan]])
|Japanese ([[NTSC-J]]) formatted release
|-
!scope="row"|NA ([[North America]])
|North America and other [[NTSC]] territories, besides Japan
|-
!scope="row"|PAL
|[[PAL]]/[[SECAM]] territories: much of [[Europe]], [[Australia]], parts of [[Asia]]
|-
!scope="row"|BR ([[Brazil]])
|NTSC-U release in Brazil (some systems may output PAL-M, but all games are NTSC-U)
|}

==Games==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:98%;"
! scope="col"|Title(s) <ref name="AllgameCD32X">{{cite web|title=Games for the Sega Genesis 32X CD|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=43&tab=games|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114111117/http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=43&tab=games|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref><ref name="Allgame">{{cite web|title=Games for the Sega Genesis 32X|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=35&tab=games|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114111414/http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=35&tab=games|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
! scope="col"|Year released <ref name="AllgameCD32X" /><ref name="Allgame" />
! scope="col"|Requires Sega CD? <ref name="AllgameCD32X" />
! scope="col"|Developer 
! scope="col"|Publisher 
!JP
!NA
!PAL
!BR
! scope="col"|Ref(s) 
|-
!scope="row"|''[[After Burner]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sega]]
|Sega
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="Sonic2se">{{cite web|title=Sonic 2 Special Edition – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1379|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114113641/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1379|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref><ref name="IGNAB">{{cite web|title=Sonic 2 – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/after-burner/32x-5668|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018185248/http://www.ign.com/games/after-burner/32x-5668|archivedate=2012-10-18|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[BC Racers]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Core Design]]
|[[U.S. Gold]]
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNBC">{{cite web|title=BC Racers – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/bc-racers/32x-7708|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414003338/http://www.ign.com/games/bc-racers/32x-7708|archivedate=2013-04-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Blackthorne]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Interplay Entertainment|Interplay]]
|Interplay [[Tectoy]] (Brazil)
|
|Yes
|
|Yes
|<ref name="IGNBlack">{{cite web|title=Blackthorne – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/blackthorne/32x-5669|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110062916/http://www.ign.com/games/blackthorne/32x-5669|archivedate=2013-11-10|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Blackthorne|publisher=[[UGO Networks]]|website=ConsoleCity|accessdate=2018-02-26|url=http://www.consolecity.com/games/action-game_info/game_id-44632.html}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Brutal: Paws of Fury#Series synopsis|Brutal: Above the Claw]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[GameTek]]
|GameTek
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNBRUTAL">{{cite web|title=Brutal: Above the Claw Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/19/brutal-above-the-claw-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625144742/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/19/brutal-above-the-claw-review|archivedate=2016-06-25|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Corpse Killer]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|Yes
|[[Digital Pictures]]
|Digital Pictures
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNCK">{{cite web|title=Corpse Killer – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/corpse-killer/32x-7711|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819075245/http://www.ign.com/games/corpse-killer/32x-7711|archivedate=2012-08-19|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Cosmic Carnage]]'' (JP: ''Cyber Brawl'')
|{{vgy|1994}}
|No
|[[Givro]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNCC">{{cite web|title=Cosmic Carnage Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/21/cosmic-carnage-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6dJU1vRnE?url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/21/cosmic-carnage-review|archivedate=2015-11-25|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Darxide]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Frontier Developments]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNDarX">{{cite web|title=Darxide – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/darxide/32x-498234|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815205040/http://www.ign.com/games/darxide/32x-498234|archivedate=2014-08-15|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Doom (1993 video game)|Doom]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|No
|[[id Software]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNDOOM">{{cite web|title=Doom 32X Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/06/doom-32x-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223050727/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/06/doom-32x-review|archivedate=2014-02-23|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Fahrenheit (1995 video game)|Fahrenheit]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|Yes
|[[Sega Studios]]
|Sega Tectoy (Brazil)
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNF">{{cite web|title=Fahrenheit – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/fahrenheit/32x-7712|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914232307/http://www.ign.com/games/fahrenheit/32x-7712|archivedate=2015-09-14|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fahrenheit|publisher=[[UGO Networks]]|website=ConsoleCity|accessdate=2018-02-26|url=http://www.consolecity.com/games/action-game_info/game_id-44339.html}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[FIFA Soccer 96]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|Extended Play Productions
|[[EA Sports]]
|
|
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNFIFA">{{cite web|title=FIFA Soccer 96 – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/fifa-soccer-96/32x-498231|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415230730/http://www.ign.com/games/fifa-soccer-96/32x-498231|archivedate=2013-04-15|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Golf Magazine: 36 Great Holes Starring Fred Couples]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|No
|Flashpoint Productions
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNGOLF">{{cite web|title=GOLF Magazine Presents 36 Great Holes Starring Fred Couples – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/golf-magazine-presents-36-great-holes-starring-fred-couples-142020/32x-6791|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312031417/http://www.ign.com/games/golf-magazine-presents-36-great-holes-starring-fred-couples-142020/32x-6791|archivedate=2014-03-12|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Knuckles' Chaotix]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sonic Team]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNKnux">{{cite web|title=Knuckles Chaotix Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/03/26/knuckles-chaotix-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111005254/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/03/26/knuckles-chaotix-review|archivedate=2013-11-11|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Kolibri (video game)|Kolibri]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Appaloosa Interactive|Novotrade]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="AllgameKol">{{cite web|title=Kolibri – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=8041|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114131614/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=8041|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref><ref name="IGNKol">{{cite web|title=Kolibri - Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/kolibri/32x-7714|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206180223/http://www.ign.com/games/kolibri/32x-7714|archivedate=2013-02-06|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Metal Head]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sega]]
|Sega
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNMH">{{cite web|title=Metal Head – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/metal-head/32x-7715|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702021526/http://www.ign.com/games/metal-head/32x-7715|archivedate=2015-07-02|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Mortal Kombat II]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Probe Entertainment|Probe]]
|[[Acclaim Entertainment]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNMK2">{{cite web|title=Mortal Kombat II 32X Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/09/mortal-kombat-ii-32x-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207143050/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/09/mortal-kombat-ii-32x-review|archivedate=2013-12-07|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Motocross Championship]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Artech Studios]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNMC">{{cite web|title=Motocross Championship Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/21/motocross-championship-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224125041/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/21/motocross-championship-review|archivedate=2014-12-24|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[NBA Jam Tournament Edition]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Iguana Entertainment]]
|[[Acclaim Entertainment]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNNBA">{{cite web|title=NBA Jam: Tournament Edition – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/nba-jam-tournament-edition/32x-5674|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403055946/http://www.ign.com/games/nba-jam-tournament-edition/32x-5674|archivedate=2013-04-03|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[NFL Quarterback Club]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|IGS Games
|[[Acclaim Entertainment]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNNFL">{{cite web|title=NFL Quarterback Club – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/nfl-quarterback-club/32x-5684|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224001804/http://www.ign.com/games/nfl-quarterback-club/32x-5684|archivedate=2012-12-24|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Night Trap]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|Yes
|[[Digital Pictures]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNNight">{{cite web|title=Night Trap – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/night-trap/32x-7717|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111231957/http://www.ign.com/games/night-trap/32x-7717|archivedate=2012-11-11|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Activision]]
|Activision
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNPITFALL">{{cite web|title=Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/01/pitfall-the-mayan-adventure-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324112437/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/01/pitfall-the-mayan-adventure-review|archivedate=2016-03-24|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Primal Rage]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Probe Entertainment|Probe]]
|[[Time Warner Interactive]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNPR">{{cite web|title=Primal Rage Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/26/primal-rage-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324232506/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/26/primal-rage-review|archivedate=2016-03-24|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[R.B.I. Baseball '95]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Tengen (company)|Tengen]]
|Tengen
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNTENG">{{cite web|title=R.B.I. Baseball '95 – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/games/rbi-baseball-95/32x-7718|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414013205/http://www.ign.com/games/rbi-baseball-95/32x-7718|archivedate=2013-04-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms IV: Wall of Fire|Sangokushi IV]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Koei]]
|Koei
|Yes
|
|
|
|<ref name="Famitsu">{{cite journal |author= |year=1995 |title=New Games Cross Review: 三國志IV |journal=Weekly Famicom Tsūshin |volume= |issue=346 |pages=33 |publisher=[[Famitsu]] |accessdate=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Shadow Squadron]]'' (JP and PAL: Stellar Assault)
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sega]]
|Sega
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNShadow">{{cite web|title=Shadow Squadron Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/13/shadow-squadron-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127184258/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/13/shadow-squadron-review|archivedate=2014-11-27|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Slam City with Scottie Pippen]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|Yes
|[[Digital Pictures]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNScottie">{{cite web|title=Slam City with Scottie Pippen – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/games/slam-city-with-scottie-pippen/32x-6790|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315210714/http://www.ign.com/games/slam-city-with-scottie-pippen/32x-6790|archivedate=2014-03-15|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Space Harrier]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|No
|[[Sega-AM2]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNSPACE">{{cite web|title=Space Harrier Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/17/space-harrier-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625144759/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/17/space-harrier-review|archivedate=2016-06-25|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Spider-Man: Web of Fire]]''
|{{vgy|1996}}
|No
|[[BlueSky Software]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNSpidey">{{cite web|title=Spider-Man: Web of Fire – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/games/spider-man-web-of-fire/32x-5677|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710084327/http://www.ign.com/games/spider-man-web-of-fire/32x-5677|archivedate=2013-07-10|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Star Trek: Starfleet Academy Starship Bridge Simulator]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Interplay Entertainment|Interplay]]
|Interplay
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNSFleet">{{cite web|title=Star Trek: Starfleet Academy – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/games/star-trek-starfleet-academy/32x-6852|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829181056/http://www.ign.com/games/star-trek-starfleet-academy/32x-6852|archivedate=2015-08-29|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Star Wars Arcade]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|No
|Sega Interactive
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNSW">{{cite web|title=Star Wars Arcade Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/10/24/star-wars-arcade-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223223304/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/10/24/star-wars-arcade-review|archivedate=2014-02-23|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Supreme Warrior]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|Yes
|[[Digital Pictures]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNSupW">{{cite web|title=Supreme Warrior – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/games/supreme-warrior/32x-7720|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220213921/http://www.ign.com/games/supreme-warrior/32x-7720|archivedate=2013-12-20|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Surgical Strike (video game)|Surgical Strike]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|Yes
|The Code Monkeys
|[[Tec Toy]]
|
|
|
|Yes
|<ref name="SurgicalStrike">{{cite web|title=Surgical Strike|website=ConsoleCity|publisher=[[UGO Networks]]|accessdate=2013-06-18|url=http://www.consolecity.com/games/action-game_info/game_id-42515.html|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225800/http://www.consolecity.com/games/action-game_info/game_id-42515.html|archivedate=2013-12-02|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[T-MEK]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Bits Studios]]
|[[Time Warner Interactive]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNTMEK">{{cite web|title=T-Mek 32X Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/05/t-mek-32x-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625144807/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/05/t-mek-32x-review|archivedate=2016-06-25|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Tempo (video game)|Tempo]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sega]] [[Red Company]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNTEMPO">{{cite web|title=Tempo Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/18/tempo-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625144811/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/18/tempo-review|archivedate=2016-06-25|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Toughman Contest (video game)|Toughman Contest]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Visual Concepts]]
|[[Electronic Arts]]
|
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNTOUGH">{{cite web|title=Toughman Contest Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/14/toughman-contest-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309054240/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/14/toughman-contest-review|archivedate=2014-03-09|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Virtua Fighter (video game)|Virtua Fighter]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sega-AM2]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNVF">{{cite web|title=Virtua Fighter Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/24/virtua-fighter-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302225958/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/24/virtua-fighter-review|archivedate=2014-03-02|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Virtua Racing Deluxe]]''
|{{vgy|1994}}
|No
|[[Sega-AM2]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNVR">{{cite web|title=Virtua Racing Deluxe Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/12/virtua-racing-deluxe-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625144817/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/11/12/virtua-racing-deluxe-review|archivedate=2016-06-25|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[World Series Baseball Starring Deion Sanders]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Blue Sky Software]]
|[[Sega]]
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNDS">{{cite web|title=World Series Baseball '95 – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.ign.com/games/world-series-baseball-95/32x-7721|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102082605/http://www.ign.com/games/world-series-baseball-95/32x-7721|archivedate=2012-11-02|df=}}</ref><ref name="AllgameDS">{{cite web|title=World Series Baseball Starring Deion Sanders – Overview|publisher=Allgame|accessdate=2013-05-25|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=12226|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114131006/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=12226|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[WWF Raw (1994 video game)|WWF Raw]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sculptured Software]]
|[[Acclaim Entertainment]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNWWFRAW">{{cite web|title=WWF Raw – Sega 32X|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-31|url=http://www.ign.com/games/wwf-raw/32x-5683|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130081132/http://www.ign.com/games/wwf-raw/32x-5683|archivedate=2013-01-30|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[WWF WrestleMania: The Arcade Game]]''
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[Sculptured Software]]
|[[Acclaim Entertainment]]
|
|Yes
|
|
|<ref name="IGNWM">{{cite web|title=WWF Wrestlemania: The Arcade Game Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/02/wwf-wrestlemania-the-arcade-game-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117071922/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/02/wwf-wrestlemania-the-arcade-game-review|archivedate=2015-01-17|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[Zaxxon's Motherbase 2000]]'' (EU: ''Motherbase''/ JP: ''Parasquad'')
|{{vgy|1995}}
|No
|[[CSK Research Institute Corp.]]
|[[Sega]]
|Yes
|Yes
|Yes
|
|<ref name="IGNZAX">{{cite web|title=Zaxxon Motherbase 2000 Review|publisher=[[IGN]]|accessdate=2013-05-24|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/04/zaxxon-motherbase-2000-review|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625144824/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/04/zaxxon-motherbase-2000-review|archivedate=2016-06-25|df=}}</ref>
|}

==Cancelled games==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="col"|Title
!scope="col"|Reference
|-
!scope="row"|''32 Xtreme''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=32 Xtreme – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20591|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114120709/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20591|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''NBA Action''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=NBA Action – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20594|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114203824/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20594|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''Primetime NFL Football''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Primetime NFL Football – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20595|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114203824/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20595|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''Ratchet and Bolt''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ratchet and Bolt – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20596|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114120155/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20596|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''Saban's VR Troopers''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Saban's VR Troopers – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20597|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114203826/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20597|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''[[SegaSonic the Hedgehog]]''
|<ref>{{cite journal|title=Work in Progress|journal=Computer and Video Games|date=October 1994|issue=155|url=http://retrocdn.net/images/1/14/CVG_UK_155.pdf|accessdate=10 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013022027/http://retrocdn.net/images/1/14/CVG_UK_155.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2017|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Multimedia|journal=Mean Machines Sega|date=October 1994|issue=24|page=20|url=http://retrocdn.net/images/c/c1/MeanMachinesSega24UK.pdf|accessdate=10 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013022027/http://retrocdn.net/images/c/c1/MeanMachinesSega24UK.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2017|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''Virtua Hamster''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virtua Hamster – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20598|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114203822/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20598|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|''X-Men: Mind Games''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=X-Men – Overview|publisher=[[Allgame]]|accessdate=2013-10-16|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20593|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114203827/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=20593|archivedate=2014-11-14|df=}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Sega}}
*[[List of Sega Genesis games]]
*[[List of Sega CD games]]
*[[List of cancelled games for Sega consoles]]
*[[Lists of video games]]

==References==

{{Reflist|20em}}
{{Video game lists by platform}}

[[Category:Sega 32X games| ]]
[[Category:Video game lists by platform|Sega 32X]]

Riko Azuna

2019-03-29T00:53:33Z

Brainulator9: Adding short description: "Japanese singer and songwriter" (Shortdesc helper)

{{short description|Japanese singer and songwriter}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Riko Azuna
| image =
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| background = solo_singer
| native_name = 安月名莉子
| native_name_lang = ja
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|12|3}}
| birth_place = [[Japan]]
| origin =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[J-pop]]
*[[anison]]
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
*Singer
*songwriter
}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
*Vocals
*guitar
}}
| years_active = 2018–present
| label = [[Kadokawa Corporation|Kadokawa]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.azuna-riko.com}}
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Riko Azuna'''|安月名莉子|Azuna Riko|born December 3, 1993}} is a Japanese singer and songwriter who is affiliated with [[Kadokawa Corporation|Kadokawa]].<ref name="lisani">{{cite web|url=https://www.lisani.jp/0000112762/|title=「ふと、その声が聴きたくなる」シンガーソングライター安月名莉子、2018年10月放送TVアニメ『やがて君になる』主題歌でデビュー|date=September 7, 2018|publisher=LisAni!|language=Japanese|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref> She made her major debut in 2018 with the song {{nihongo|"Kimi ni Furete"|君にふれて|Touched By You}}, which was used as the opening theme to the [[anime]] series ''[[Bloom Into You]]''. Her music has also been featured in ''[[Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World]]'' and ''[[Boogiepop and Others]]''.

==Career==
Azuna was born on December 3, 1993.<ref name="lisani" /> She had an interest in music and performing since her youth, and she participated in musicals from her second year of elementary to her third year of high school.<ref name="interview">{{cite web|url=https://mora.jp/topics/interview/azuna-riko/|title=安月名莉子インタビュー　アニメ『やがて君になる』オープニングテーマでデビューするシンガーソングライターの素顔|date=November 28, 2018|publisher=LabelGate Co., Ltd.|language=Japanese|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref> While performing in musicals, she engaged in singing, dancing, and acting, but enjoyed singing the most out of the three. Because of this, she decided to focus on singing, and upon entering university, she began performing at various live venues in Tokyo.<ref name="interview" />

Azuna's professional music career began after she first learned of an audition to perform a song for the anime television series ''[[Bloom Into You]]''. At the time, she only knew that the series was about [[Yuri (genre)|love between two girls]], and only read the original [[manga]] series later.<ref name="interview" /> She passed the audition, and the resulting song {{nihongo|"Kimi ni Furete"|君にふれて|Touched By You}}, which was used as the series' opening theme song,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-08-26/bloom-into-you-yuri-tv-anime-unveils-more-cast-theme-songs-artists/.135941|title=Bloom Into You Yuri TV Anime Unveils More Cast, Theme Songs Artists|date=August 26, 2018|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref> was released as her first single on November 28, 2018.<ref name="furete">{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/731207/products/1295941/1/|title=君にふれて|publisher=[[Oricon]]|language=Japanese|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref> She also performed the song "Memories", which was used as an insert song in the [[original video animation]] ''[[Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World|Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World: Memory Snow]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animatetimes.com/news/details.php?id=1538789466|title=『Re:ゼロから始める異世界生活 Memory Snow』イメージソング＆EDテーマはnonocさん、挿入歌は安月名莉子さんが担当！　アーティスト情報公開|date=October 6, 2018|publisher=[[Animate]]|language=Japanese|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref> Her second single "Whiteout" was released on February 27, 2019;<ref name="whiteout">{{cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/731207/products/1307285/1/|title=Whiteout|publisher=[[Oricon]]|language=Japanese|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref> the title track is used as the ending theme song to the anime series ''[[Boogiepop and Others]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/anime-spotlight/2018/winter/boogiepop-and-others/.141367|title=Anime Spotlight - Boogiepop and Others|date=December 28, 2018|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=January 18, 2019}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Singles===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Peak Oricon position<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/731207/|title=安月名莉子|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Oricon]]|language=Japanese|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref>
!Billboard Hot 100 position
|-
|{{nihongo|"Kimi ni Furete"|君にふれて|Touched By You}}

* Released: November 28, 2018<ref name="furete" />
|39
|—
|-
|Whiteout

* Released: February 27, 2019<ref name="whiteout" />
|TBA
|—
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.azuna-riko.com/ Official website] {{ja icon}}
*{{ann|people|173138}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azuna, Riko}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Japanese female pop singers]]
[[Category:Japanese female singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Anime singers]]

Aimi Terakawa

2019-03-23T15:11:15Z

Brainulator9: Adding local short description: "Japanese voice actress and singer" (Shortdesc helper)

{{short description|Japanese voice actress and singer}}
{{About|the Japanese voice actress and singer|other uses|Aimi (disambiguation){{!}}Aimi}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aimi
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 愛美
| native_name_lang = ja
| birth_name = Aimi Terakawa
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|12|25}}
| birth_place = [[Hyōgo Prefecture]], Japan
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = {{flatlist|
*[[Voice acting in Japan|Voice actress]]
*[[Singing|singer]]
}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| agent = Hibiki
| website = {{URL|http://aimi-sound.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[J-pop]]
*[[Music in Japanese animation|Anison]]}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
*Vocals
*guitar}}
| years_active = 2011–present
| label = [[Pony Canyon]]
| associated_acts = Milky Holmes Feathers Poppin'Party
}}
}}
{{Nihongo4|'''Aimi Terakawa'''|寺川愛美|Terakawa Aimi|born December 25, 1991}},<ref name="tower">{{cite web |title=愛美 (声優) |url=https://tower.jp/artist/1904180/愛美-(声優) |publisher=[[Tower Records]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese}}</ref> professionally known under the mononym {{Nihongo|'''Aimi'''|愛美|Aimi}} is a Japanese [[Voice acting in Japan|voice actress]] and singer from [[Hyōgo Prefecture]] who is affiliated with the talent agency Hibiki. After aspiring to become an entertainer for part of her life, she started her singing career in 2011 after winning an audition to become part of the ''[[Tantei Opera Milky Holmes]]'' franchise. That same year, she made her solo music debut with the release of her first single "Tenshi no Clover"; the title song was used as the opening them to the [[anime]] series ''[[Lotte no Omocha!|Astarotte no Omocha!]]''.

Aimi is a member of the singing unit Feathers, together with fellow voice actress [[Ayasa Itō]]. She is also the voice of the idol Julia in the game ''[[The Idolmaster|The Idolmaster: Million Live!]]'', and the voice of Kasumi Toyama in the multimedia franchise ''[[BanG Dream!]]''; Aimi also performs live as part of the in-universe band Poppin'Party.

==Biography==
Terakawa was born in [[Hyōgo Prefecture]] on December 25, 1991.<ref name="tower"/> She had aspired to become a singer since childhood.<ref name="animate">{{cite web |title=声優・愛美『響ファン感謝祭』開催記念インタビュー｜『バンドリ！』『アイマスミリオンライブ』は大きな存在 |url=https://www.animatetimes.com/news/details.php?id=1541492394 |publisher=[[Animate]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese |date=November 6, 2018}}</ref> During her high school years, she taught herself how to play the guitar and perform in a band.<ref name="dd-navi1">{{cite web |title=「愛美」声優インタビュー＆撮り下ろしグラビア |url=https://ddnavi.com/interview/239409/a/ |publisher=[[Kadokawa Corporation]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese |date=May 15, 2015}}</ref> She initially only aspired to become a singer, but she became interested in [[voice acting in Japan|voice acting]] after becoming familiar with the [[anime]] series ''[[Macross Frontier]]'', where she was impressed at how the series was able to combine music and animation in its storytelling.<ref name="dd-navi3">{{cite web |title=「愛美」声優インタビュー＆撮り下ろしグラビア【声優図鑑】 |url=https://ddnavi.com/interview/239409/a/3/ |publisher=[[Kadokawa Corporation]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese |date=May 15, 2015}}</ref> Hoping to become a professional singer, she began participating at various singing contests, such as the  [[Animax Anison Grand Prix]] in 2009.<ref name="lisani-imas">{{cite web |title=18人全員が主人公！「THE IDOLM@STER MILLION LIVE! 3rd LIVE TOUR BELIEVE MY DRE@M!!」大阪公演 2DAYS [個人別]レポート（前編） |url=https://www.lisani.jp/0000001876/ |publisher=LisAni |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese |date=March 19, 2016}}</ref> She also performed at various live venues, including a steakhouse in [[Kobe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=寺川愛美さん！！ |url=http://steakkagura.seesaa.net/article/195454485.html |publisher=Seesaa Inc. |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese |date=April 12, 2011}}</ref>

Terakawa's entertainment career began after passing an audition to become a part of the ''[[Tantei Opera Milky Holmes]]'' multimedia franchise.<ref name="jam">{{cite web |title=JAMやミルキィなど豪華アーティストが共演！ “ブシロードライブ2011”レポ!! |url=http://dengekionline.com/elem/000/000/353/353906/ |publisher=[[Kadokawa Corporation]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese |date=March 10, 2011}}</ref> She made her voice acting debut with the franchise as the character Kazumi Tokiwa.<ref name="opera"/><ref name="jam"/> As part of the franchise, she then became a member of the music group Feathers together with fellow voice actress [[Ayasa Itō]].<ref>{{cite web |title=愛美、伊藤彩沙にインタビュー！「あいみ・あやさのミルキィホームズフェザーズタイム！」第1回配信！！ |url=http://www.koepota.jp/news/2014/02/07/0201.html |publisher=MFS Inc |accessdate=February 7, 2014 |language=Japanese |date=March 9, 2019}}</ref> She later changed her stage name to the mononym Aimi, starting with the release of her first solo single {{nihongo|"Tenshi no Clover"|天使のCLOVER}} on May 3, 2011; the title song was used as the opening theme to the anime series ''[[Lotte no Omocha!|Astarotte no Omocha!]]''<ref name="tenshi">{{cite web |title=天使のCLOVER |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/563675/products/911313/1/ |publisher=[[Oricon]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese}}</ref> She would then release four more singles between 2011 and 2013, with the title tracks of her singles being used in anime series such as ''[[Ben-To]]'', ''[[The Ambition of Oda Nobuna]]'', ''[[Fairy Tail]]'', and ''[[The Severing Crime Edge]]''.<ref name="oricon-works">{{cite web |title=愛美のシングル作品 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/563675/products/single/ |publisher=[[Oricon]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese}}</ref>

In 2012, Aimi was a guest at [[Anime Expo]] as part of promotions for the ''[[Cardfight!! Vanguard]]'' franchise.<ref name="ax"/> She was then cast as the character Julia in the mobile game ''[[The Idolmaster|The Idolmaster: Million Live]]''.<ref name="animate"/> She would then release her first full album ''Love'' in November 2013.<ref name="love">{{cite web |title=愛美 1st.アルバム「Love」(初回限定スペシャル盤) |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/563675/products/1035284/1/ |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese}}</ref> In 2015, she became part of the multimedia project ''[[BanG Dream!]]'', playing the series' protagonist Kasumi Toyama and also performing live as part of the in-universe band Poppin'Party.<ref name="bandori">{{cite web |title=Bushiroad's Poppin' Party Band's Anime Music Video Previewed |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-12-14/bushiroad-poppin-party-band-anime-music-video-previewed/.96481 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Television animation series===
;2011
*''[[Cardfight!! Vanguard]]'', Suiko<ref name="ax"/>

;2012
*''Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit'', Suiko,<ref name="ax">{{cite news|title=Anime Expo to Host Cardfight!! Vanguard Anime Cast|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-06-04/anime-expo-to-host-cardfight-vanguard-anime-cast|accessdate=29 December 2017|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=4 June 2012|language=en}}</ref>
*''[[Gon (manga)|Gon]]'', Female Elephant, Frog 3<ref name="vadb">{{cite web |title=愛美(Aimi)＝寺川愛美 |url=http://gph.sakura.ne.jp/va_memo/system/vadb.cgi?action=view_ind&value=04845&namecode=0 |website=VoiceArtist Database |publisher=GamePlaza Haruka |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |language=Japanese}}</ref>

;2013
*''Cardfight!! Vanguard: Link Joker'', Suiko Tatsunagi<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Freezing (manga)|Freezing Vibration]]'', Roxanne Elipton<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Robocar Poli]]'', Benny<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Tantei Opera Milky Holmes#Anime|Futari wa Milky Holmes]]'', Kazumi Tokiwa<ref name="opera">{{cite web |title=常盤カズミ – 探偵歌劇ミルキィホームズ TD アニメ公式サイト |url=http://milky-holmes.com/anime/td/character/kazumi/ |language=Japanese |date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
*''[[The "Hentai" Prince and the Stony Cat.]]'', Emi, Emanuela Pollarola<ref name="vadb"/>

;2014
*''[[Argevollen]]'', Hikaru Rikuru<ref name="vadb"/>
*''Cardfight!! Vanguard: Legion Mate'', Suiko Tatsunagi<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Chō-Bakuretsu I-Jigen Menko Battle Gigant Shooter Tsukasa]]'', Ataru Dōmoto, Ruri Dōmoto<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Future Card Buddyfight]]'', Kiri Hyoryu<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Engaged to the Unidentified]]'', Mayura Momouchi<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Oneechan ga Kita]]'', Tomoya Mizuhara<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Recently, My Sister Is Unusual]]'', Moa Torii<ref name="vadb"/>

;2015
*''[[Chaos Dragon]]'', Ulrika Ledesma<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Plastic Memories]]'', Sherry<ref name="vadb"/>
*''[[Tantei Opera Milky Holmes#Anime|Tantei Kageki Milky Holmes TD]]'', Kazumi Tokiwa<ref name="opera"/>
*''Cardfight!! Vanguard G: GIRS Crisis '', Am Chouno<ref name="vadb"/>

;2016
*''[[Luck & Logic]]'', Yukari Nanahoshi<ref>{{cite web |title=Anime Spotlight – Luck and Logic |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/anime-spotlight/2015/winter/luck-and-logic/.96809 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018 |date=December 30, 2015}}</ref>

;2017
*''[[BanG Dream!]]'', Kasumi Toyama<ref name="bandori"/><ref>{{cite news|title=BanG Dream! TV Anime Reveals 2 Trailers, Staff|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-08-12/bang-dream-tv-anime-reveals-2-trailers-staff/.105298|accessdate=December 29, 2017|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=August 12, 2016|language=en}}</ref>

;2019
*''[[BanG Dream!]]'' (season 2 & 3), Kasumi Toyama<ref name="bandori"/>
*''[[Shōmetsu Toshi]]'', Kikyō<ref>{{cite web |title=Shōmetsu Toshi Smartphone Game Gets TV Anime at Madhouse (Updated) |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-05-27/shometsu-toshi-smartphone-game-gets-tv-anime-at-madhouse/.132080 |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |date=May 27, 2018}}</ref>

==Discography==
;Album
*''Love'' (Pony Canyon, November 6, 2013)<ref name="oricon-works"/>
;Singles
*''Tenshi no CLOVER'' (Pony Canyon, May 3, 2011) – [[Astarotte no Omocha!]] Opening<ref name="oricon-works"/>
*''LIVE for LIFE -Ōkami-tachi no Yoru-'' (Pony Canyon, November 2, 2011) – [[Ben-To]] Opening<ref name="oricon-works"/>
*''Link'' (Pony Canyon, July 18, 2012) – [[Oda Nobuna no Yabō]] Opening<ref name="oricon-works"/>
*''We're the stars'' (Pony Canyon, February 27, 2013) – [[Fairy Tail]] Ending<ref name="oricon-works"/>
*''Unmei no Ori'' (Pony Canyon, April 17, 2013) – [[The Severing Crime Edge]] Opening<ref name="oricon-works"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://ameblo.jp/aimi-sound/|Official blog}} {{ja icon}}
* {{Official website|http://aimi-sound.com}} {{ja icon}}
* [http://hibiki-cast.jp/aimi/ Official agency profile] {{ja icon}}
* {{ann|people|141762}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aimi}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actors from Hyōgo Prefecture]]
[[Category:Japanese voice actresses]]
[[Category:Japanese video game actresses]]
[[Category:Japanese female pop singers]]
[[Category:Anime musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Japanese actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Japanese singers]]
[[Category:21st-century women singers]]

Norm – König der Arktis

2016-03-24T16:55:09Z

Brainulator9: /* Critical reception */ update to Rotten Tomatoes

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{incomplete|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Norm of the North
| image = Norm of the North poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Trevor Wall]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Nicolas Atlan
* Ken Katsumoto
* Steve Rosen
* Liz Young
* [[Mike Young (producer)|Mike Young]]
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Daniel R. Altiere
* Steven M. Altiere
* Malcolm T. Goldman
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Rob Schneider]]
* [[Heather Graham]]
* [[Ken Jeong]]
* [[Colm Meaney]]
* [[Loretta Devine]]
* [[Gabriel Iglesias]]
* [[Michael McElhatton]]
* [[Bill Nighy]]
}}
| music = [[Stephen McKeon]]
| editing = Richard Finn
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Assemblage Entertainment]]
* [[Splash Entertainment]]
* Telegael
}}
| distributor = [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|01|15|ref1=<ref name="stevenaltiere"/>}}
| runtime = 90 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/jem-and-holograms-film | title=''NORM OF THE NORTH'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=January 29, 2016 | accessdate=January 29, 2016}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $18 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/film/box-office/ride-along-2-box-office-star-wars-1201678480/ |title=Box Office: ‘Ride Along 2’ Should Dethrone ‘Star Wars: The Force Awakens’|website=Variety|accessdate=January 14, 2016}}</ref>
| gross = $23.7 million<ref name="numbers">{{cite web |url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Norm-of-the-North#tab=summary |title=Norm of the North (2016) |website=The Numbers |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Norm of the North''''' is a 2016 American [[List of 3D films|3D]] computer-animated comedy/adventure film directed by [[Trevor Wall]] and written by Daniel R. Altiere, Steven M. Altiere, and Malcolm T. Goldman. It features the voices of [[Rob Schneider]] as the title character, [[Heather Graham]], [[Ken Jeong]], [[Colm Meaney]], [[Loretta Devine]], [[Gabriel Iglesias]], [[Michael McElhatton]], and [[Bill Nighy]]. It was co-produced by [[Assemblage Entertainment]], [[Splash Entertainment]] and Telegael, and distributed by [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]]. The film tells the story about a polar bear named Norm who needs to save his home from Mr. Greene, a rich man who has a plan to build houses in the Arctic. To rescue his home, Norm has brought his friends, the three lemmings and Olympia Brighty, to hatch a scheme to prevent Mr. Greene from doing his plans.

The film was released on January 15, 2016 and grossed $23.7 million on an $18 million budget.

==Plot==
{{expand section|date=January 2016}}
Norm the [[Polar bear|Polar Bear]] ([[Rob Schneider]]) does not know how to hunt, but he does possess the unique ability to talk to humans. When the wealthy Mr. Greene ([[Ken Jeong]]) unveils his idea to build luxury houses in the Arctic, Norm realizes that his beloved home is in jeopardy. Accompanied by three mischievous lemmings, Norm stows away on a ship to New York City. Once there, he meets a surprising ally who helps him hatch a scheme to sabotage the developer's unscrupulous plans. They then make him to be a dancer and they use their fame to save the North.

==Cast==
* [[Rob Schneider]]<ref name="Rob-Anthony">{{cite news|last=A. Fernandez|first=Jay|title=Rob Schneider giving voice to 'Norm'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rob-schneider-giving-voice-norm-26032|accessdate=7 March 2014|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=28 July 2010}}</ref> as Norm
* [[Heather Graham]]<ref name="stevenaltiere">{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movie/norm-of-the-north-2015|title=Norm of the North|author=Steven Altiere|date=3 July 2014|work=ComingSoon.net|accessdate=18 January 2015}}</ref> as Vera Brightly
* Maya Kay as Olympia Brightly
* [[Ken Jeong]]<ref name="Rob-Anthony" /> as Mr. Greene, the film's main antagonist.
* [[Colm Meaney]]<ref name="stevenaltiere"/> as Grandfather
* [[Loretta Devine]]<ref name="Rob-Anthony" /> as Tamecia
* [[Gabriel Iglesias]]<ref name="stevenaltiere"/> as Pablo and Stan
* [[Michael McElhatton]] ([[James Corden]] in the UK)<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0179479/</ref><ref name="stevenaltiere"/> as Laurence
* [[Bill Nighy]]<ref name="stevenaltiere"/> as Socrates
* [[Salome Jens]] as Councilwoman Klubeck
* [[Charlie Adler]] as Forebear
* G.K. Bowes as Female Tourist
* [[Debi Derryberry]] as Daughter
* [[Ben Diskin]] as Chef Kozawa
* [[Keith Ferguson (voice actor)|Keith Ferguson]] as Human Tourist
* [[Dan Gordon (actor)|Dan Gordon]] as Nigel, Henchman #1, PA
* [[Jess Harnell]] as Male Tourist
* [[Kate Higgins]] as Elizabeth
* [[Mikey Kelley]] as Henchman #2
* [[Rove McManus]] as Junior Investor
* Emily Polydoros as Bratty Girl
* [[Eric Price]] as Caribou #1, Caribou 2
* Nick Shakoour as Costumed Bear
* Max Spitz as Teen Bear #1
* [[Janet Varney]] as Janet
* [[Rick D. Wasserman]] as Henchman #3
* [[James Corden]] as Laurence

==Marketing==
Two mobile apps were released to promote the film as well as four clips on Lionsgate's YouTube channel and two theatrical trailers. TV spots have also played on several channels.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Lionsgate Expands Mobile Gaming Effort With 'Norm of the North'|url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lionsgate-expands-mobile-gaming-effort-852874|website = The Hollywood Reporter|access-date = 2016-01-14}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Box office===
{{Asof|2016|3|7|df=US}}, ''Norm of the North'' has grossed $17 million in North America and $6.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $23.4 million, against a budget of $18 million.<ref name="numbers"/>

The film was released on January 15, 2016, alongside ''[[13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi]]'' and ''[[Ride Along 2]]''. It grossed $9.4 million from 2,411 theaters over its opening four-day [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] weekend, finishing 6th at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4146&p=.htm |title=Lionsgate's Norm of the North managed to perform a little better than expectations |work= boxofficemojo.com}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
{{expandsection|date=February 2016}}
On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has a rating of 9%, based on 57 reviews, with an average rating of 2.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A pioneering feat in the field of twerking polar bear animation but blearily retrograde in every other respect, ''Norm of the North'' should only be screened in case of parental emergency."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/norm_of_the_north/ |title= Norm of the North (2016) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=February 24, 2016}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 21 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/norm-of-the-north |title=Norm of the North reviews |website=Metacritic |accessdate=March 16, 2016}}</ref> On [[CinemaScore]], audiences gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/01/ride-along-2-begins-to-zoom-in-thursday-previews-box-office-1201683644/ |title=‘Ride Along 2’ & ‘Revenant’ Pushing ‘Star Wars’ To 3rd Place Over 4-Day MLK Holiday; Kevin Hart-Ice Cube Sequel Eyes $40.2M |work= deadline.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.normofthenorth.movie/}}
* {{IMDb title|1594972|Norm of the North}}
* {{bcdb title|167289|Norm of the North}}
* {{Mojo title|normofthenorth|Norm of the North}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|norm_of_the_north|Norm of the North}}
* {{Metacritic|norm-of-the-north|Norm of the North}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norm Of The North}}
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 3D films]]
[[Category:2016 computer-animated films]]
[[Category:2010s adventure films]]
[[Category:2010s American animated films]]
[[Category:2010s comedy films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American 3D films]]
[[Category:American adventure comedy films]]
[[Category:American children's films]]
[[Category:Animated adventure films]]
[[Category:Animated comedy films]]
[[Category:Directorial debut films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Films about bears]]
[[Category:Films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:Indian children's films]]
[[Category:Lions Gate Entertainment animated films]]

Sesamstraße

2011-06-22T23:36:06Z

Brainulator9:

{{Infobox Fernsehsendung
| ID = Sesamstrasse Logo.svg
| DT = Sesamstraße
| OT = Sesame Street
| PL = [[USA]]
| PJ = seit 1969
| PRO =
| LEN = 25
| EA =
| ST =
| OS = [[Englische Sprache|Englisch]]
| MUSIK =
| SONG =
| IDEE = [[Joan Ganz Cooney]] [[Lloyd Morrisett]]
| GENRE = [[Kinderprogramm]]
| EAS = 10. November 1969
| SEN = [[National Education Television]]
| EASDE = 8. Januar 1973
| SENDE =
|MODERATION =
}}

[[Datei:Michelle Obama at Prager Child Development Center, Ft. Bragg 3-12-09.jpg|miniatur|Kermit (links) und [[Michelle Obama]] im Prager Kinderentwicklungszentrum in New York]]

'''Sesamstraße''' ist der Titel einer der erfolgreichsten [[Fernsehserie]]n für Kinder im [[Vorschule|Vorschulalter]]. Die halbstündigen Folgen setzen sich aus sechs bis zehn kleineren, meist thematisch voneinander unabhängigen Einzelbeiträgen zusammen, die eine inhaltlich zusammenhängende Rahmenhandlung unterbrechen. Neben [[Sketch|sketchartigen]] oder lehrreichen Puppendialogen (''„Ein Kreis ist rund.“, „So bin ich nah, jetzt bin ich fern“''), [[Trickfilm]]en und Kinderliedern gibt es oft auch Realfilmbeiträge über einfache Situationen aus dem Kinderalltag oder über die Herstellung eines Produkts. Die Sesamstraße wird dienstags bis freitags um 6:55 Uhr im [[NDR Fernsehen]], montags bis samstags um 8:00 Uhr im [[KI.KA]] und sonntags um 7:15 Uhr im [[Das Erste|Ersten]] ausgestrahlt.

== Geschichtliche Entwicklung ==
=== Ursprung in den USA ===
''{{lang|en|{{lang|en|Sesame Street}}}}'', so der Originaltitel, startete am 10. November 1969 im [[USA|US]]-Fernsehen. Die Rahmenhandlung spielte in der ''{{lang|en|Sesame Street}}'', einer in einem [[Filmstudio]] nachgebauten Großstadt-Wohnstraße, in der es unter anderem ein von einem ''{{lang|en|Mr. Hooper}}'' (in der deutschen Synchronisation „Herr Huber“, gespielt von [[Will Lee (Schauspieler)|Will Lee]]) geführtes Lebensmittel-Geschäft gibt. Neben weiteren menschlichen Bewohnern wie Bob ([[Bob McGrath]]), Gordon ([[Matt Robinson]]) und Susan ([[Loretta Long]]) trifft man hier ''{{lang|en|Big Bird}}'' (Bibo) und andere [[Muppets]]. In einer der Mülltonnen im Hof wohnt ''{{lang|en|Oscar the Grouch}}'' (der Griesgram). Einige dieser Original-US-Folgen wurden vom 5. bis 9. April 1971 im dritten Programm des [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk|NDR]] und 1973 in jenen des [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]] und [[Hessischer Rundfunk|HR]] gezeigt.

=== Synchronisierte US-Folgen in Deutschland ===
Die deutsche Adaption der ''{{lang|en|Sesame Street}}'' sollte bundesweit im ersten Programm laufen, weil aber der [[Bayerischer Rundfunk|Bayerische Rundfunk]] die soziale Situation in Deutschland in der Sendung nicht korrekt dargestellt sah, wurde die Sendung im ersten Programm nur im Sendegebiet von NDR, RB, SFB, WDR und HR sowie in allen dritten Programmen mit Ausnahme des Bayerischen Rundfunks gesendet. Die Erstausstrahlung fand am 8. Januar 1973 statt. Vollkommen neu war dabei, dass eine Kindersendung mehrmals in der Woche und zudem zweimal am Tag lief. Die Sesamstraße wurde von Montag bis Donnerstag um ca. 9.30 Uhr gesendet und abends um 18.00 Uhr oder 18.30 Uhr wiederholt. Die Sender von SWF, SDR und SR kamen erst später im Jahr hinzu und zeigten die Folgen nur jeweils am Samstag und Sonntag um 18.00 Uhr ausschließlich in ihrem dritten Programm. Zeitweise wurde freitags eine Folge in französischer Sprache ausgestrahlt. Nach ARD-internen Regelungen musste der BR die von ihm abgelehnte ''Sesamstraße'' durch eine Eigenproduktion ersetzen; so entstand ''[[Das feuerrote Spielmobil]]''.

Der NDR übernahm dabei (damals in Kooperation mit dem WDR und dem HR) die deutsche Bearbeitung. Von 1973 bis Ende 1975 wurden 250 Folgen (mehrmals) ausgestrahlt. Dabei handelte es sich um für das deutsche Publikum nachbearbeitete, [[Synchronfassung|synchronisierte Fassungen]] der amerikanischen Originalsendung. Es wurden ausschließlich [[Puppe]]n (''Muppets'' von [[Jim Henson]]) und Schauspieler aus der ''{{lang|en|Sesame Street}}'' in synchronisierter Fassung gezeigt. Lediglich wenige Einzelbeiträge stammten aus deutscher Produktion, etwa das Zeigen des Alphabets mit Buchstaben aus Schriftzügen im Stadtbild. Die Titelmelodie stammt von [[Ingfried Hoffmann]]. Die bekanntesten ''Muppets'' der Einzelbeiträge waren ''[[Ernie und Bert]]'', ''[[Muppet Show#Kermit der Frosch|Kermit der Frosch]]'', ''Grover'' (Grobi), ''Cookie Monster'' (das [[Krümelmonster]]), ''Oscar'' und ''Big Bird'' (Bibo). Unter dem Motto „Ein Wiedersehen mit Bibo & Oscar“ wiederholten die dritten Programme von NDR, WDR (nur 1984) und HR in den 1980er Jahren auf zahlreichen Zuschauerwunsch hin einige dieser synchronisierten US-Folgen mehrmals im gemeinsamen Sommerprogramm. Die letzte Wiederholung lief 1990 im NDR und teilweise im HR. Anders als bei der Erstausstrahlung wurden bei diesen Folgen (abgesehen von Vor- und Nachspann) keine deutschen Einspielfilme gezeigt.

=== Folgen mit deutscher Rahmenhandlung ===
Ab 1976 wurde die originale Rahmenhandlung nicht mehr gezeigt, da insbesondere die Figur des Oscar vehemente Proteste seitens der Elternschaft hervorrief. Stattdessen gab es eine filmisch erzählte Geschichte, die in keiner Straße spielte, sodass der Serientitel ''Sesamstraße'' nun nicht mehr nachvollziehbar war. Hauptfiguren waren ein kleiner Junge namens [[Bumfidel]] und seine Mutter.

Am 2. Januar 1978 startete eine „deutsche Sesamstraße“ als Rahmenhandlung, die das [[Studio Hamburg]] des NDR in [[Hamburg-Wandsbek|Wandsbek]] produzierte. Bei dieser deutschen Kulisse handelte es sich aber weniger um eine Wohnstraße, als vielmehr um eine Art offenes Haus. Den Mittelpunkt bildete dabei die Küche mit einer Theke und Hockern davor. Hauptdarsteller waren von nun an zwei Menschen und zwei Puppen: Bei den Menschen handelte es sich um Schauspieler, eine Frau und einen Mann, die meist mit ihren wirklichen Vornamen auftraten. In der ersten Staffel übernahmen [[Henning Venske]] und [[Liselotte Pulver]] (Lilo) diesen Part. Später folgten unter anderem [[Ilse Biberti]], [[Gernot Endemann]], [[Manfred Krug]], [[Uwe Friedrichsen]], [[Hildegard Krekel]], [[Ute Willing]] und [[Horst Janson]]. Für die beiden Puppen reiste eigens ein Henson-Mitarbeiter mehrere Wochen durch Deutschland, um sich bei der Gestaltung von Figuren inspirieren zu lassen, die dem deutschen Wesen entsprachen. So entstanden Samson und Tiffy – bis 1983 gespielt und geprägt von [[Peter Röders]] und [[Kerstin Siebmann-Röders]]. Samson als großer Bär nimmt dabei in etwa die Rolle von Bibo in der originalen ''{{lang|en|Sesame Street}}'' ein. Weitere Menschen wie etwa ein Postbote kamen nur ausnahmsweise vor; weitere Puppen gab es zunächst nicht. Später kamen hinzu: Herr von Bödefeld, die Schnecke Finchen sowie Samsons Vetter Simson. Ein Bestandteil des Sendekonzeptes war es, hinter die Kulissen des Fernsehens zu blicken, also die Regie- und Kamera-Arbeit sowie die (damaligen) Möglichkeiten visueller Trickverfahren aufzuzeigen und ins Geschehen einzubinden. So konnten die „Bewohner“ jederzeit trockenen Fußes auf die Südseeinsel wandern und danach die Regie bitten, das Wasser einzublenden.

Höhepunkt dieser Phase stellte die große Zirkusgala anlässlich der 1000. Folge dar, bei der auch Original-Puppen aus den USA wie Bibo auftraten.

Ungeachtet der nun deutschen Rahmenhandlung lief ''Sesamstraße'' nach wie vor nicht regulär im Bayerischen Fernsehen.<ref>Jan Ulrich Welke: ''Sind wir nicht alle ein bisschen Bert?''. In: ''[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]'' vom 7. November 2009</ref> Lediglich im Samstagnachmittagprogramm des ersten Programms konnte man eine Folge sehen.

=== Nach dem Großbrand ===
Nach einem Großbrand in den [[Hamburg-Wandsbek|Wandsbeker]] Produktionsstudios 1988 und dem Tod des bisherigen Samsondarstellers [[Herbert Langemann]] wurde das deutsche Konzept der Serie einschließlich Vor- und Abspann erstmals auffällig inhaltlich und technisch überarbeitet. Die bisherigen Kulissen wurden dabei durch neue – bestehend aus Vorgarten, Wald und Höhle – ersetzt. Zusätzlich wurden neue Puppen eingeführt, darunter ein Uhu und Rumpel aus der Regentonne, der den früheren Oscar ersetzte. Die ersten prominenten Mitspieler an der Seite der Puppen waren in diesem neuen Konzept [[Gernot Endemann]] sowie [[Hildegard Krekel]]. Seitdem traten aber auch immer wieder neue aktuelle Schauspieler und Prominente in den Rahmenhandlungen auf, darunter [[Dirk Bach]] und [[Miriam Krause]].

Im Jahr 2003 wurde der 30. Geburtstag der Sendung aufwändig mit Sondersendungen und Bühnenshows in deutschen Bahnhöfen gefeiert. Nahezu gleichzeitig änderte die ARD die Ausstrahlungszeiten: Der traditionelle Termin am Vorabend (18.00 bzw. 18.30 Uhr) entfiel und wurde durch Termine im Frühprogramm oder zur Mittagszeit ersetzt. Dies führte vor allem bei Eltern und Freunden der Sesamstraße zu Protesten. Insgesamt wurden über 2.000 Folgen gesendet.

== Figuren der Sesamstraße ==
=== US-amerikanische Figuren ===

==== Bibo und Klein Bibo ====

'''Bibo''' ist eine Großfigur. Er ist ein gelber Vogel, der in der amerikanischen Fassung ''Big Bird'' heißt. Bibo misst 8 Fuß und 2 Zoll (249 cm). Das Pendant zu Bibo ist Klein Bibo (''Little Bird''), der aber nur selten erscheint.

In den [[USA]] erschien 1999 eine Briefmarke, mit der die Sesamstraße geehrt wurde; als Motiv wurde Bibos Konterfei ausgewählt.

Die deutsche Stimme von Bibo ist [[Wolfgang Draeger]], die von Klein Bibo [[Inken Sommer]].

==== Ernie und Bert ====
'''Ernie''' und '''Bert''' zählen zu den populärsten Figuren der Sesamstraße. Beide wohnen zusammen und sind ein Freundespaar, wie es unterschiedlicher nicht sein könnte. Die Namen der beiden Figuren stammen angeblich von zwei Figuren aus dem Film „[[Ist das Leben nicht schön?]]“ Jim Henson bestritt jedoch offiziell einen Zusammenhang, da er den Film zum Zeitpunkt der Kreation der beiden Figuren nicht gekannt habe.

'''Ernie''' (Geburtstag 28. Januar) stellt den spitzbübischen Part dar, voll kindlicher Naivität und Unbefangenheit. Er hat ein unbeschwertes Gemüt und macht Bert mit seinen nahezu [[Anarchie|anarchistischen]] Ideen und Einfällen oft das Leben schwer. Sein von den Kindern geliebtes Erkennungszeichen ist sein kehliges Kichern. Ernie ist bekannt für sein [[Quietscheentchen]], außerdem macht er gerne laute und nervige Dinge, wie Schlagzeug- oder Klavierspielen. Zudem mag er Luftballons und wie viele andere amerikanische Kinder spielt er gerne [[Schlagball]]. Ernie hat eine Cousine, Ernestine.

Im Kontrast dazu verkörpert '''Bert''' (Geburtstag 26. Juli), der schon vom Aussehen her sehr streng wirkt (langer gelber Kopf mit einer strengen durchzogenen Augenbraue und ständig mit einem grün-orange-blau längsgestreiften [[Pullover]] bekleidet), den stets korrekten, langweiligen und erwachsenen Typ. Er hat ein Faible für [[Tauben]] (speziell für seine Lieblingstaube Betty) und sammelt [[Langeweile|langweilig]] anmutende Dinge wie [[Kronkorken]], [[Büroklammer]]n und Papierschnipsel, außerdem liest er gerne Taubenwitzebücher und hört gerne [[Blasmusik]] bzw. [[Polka]]. Bert hat einen Zwillingsbruder, Bart (Bernd in der deutschen Version), und einen Neffen Brad (Gerd in der deutschen Version).

In den USA ist die Reihenfolge der Namen allerdings umgekehrt. Hier spricht man von ''Bert & Ernie''.

Die Wechselbeziehung der beiden entgegengesetzten Charaktere bildet den Ansatzpunkt, aus dem sich die Handlungen der einzelnen Episoden entwickeln. Kinder können daraus lernen, sich mit ihrer Umwelt auseinanderzusetzen.

In Deutschland wurde Ernie von [[Gerd Duwner]] synchronisiert (1973–1996), in den Jahren 1997–2001 von [[Peter Kirchberger]] und schließlich ab 2001 von [[Michael Habeck]]. Berts deutsche Synchronstimme stammte von [[Wolfgang Kieling]] (1973–1985). Ab 1986 übernahm nach Kielings Tod [[Horst Schön]] die Synchronisierung; als weitere Sprecher folgten [[Rolf Jülich]] und [[Christian Rode]]. Seit 2007 werden die beiden von [[Martin Paas]] (Ernie) und [[Carsten Morar-Haffke]] (Bert) gespielt, gesprochen und synchronisiert.

In der deutschen Übersetzung der Sesamstraße wird Ernies Name "'''Ä'''rnie" ausgesprochen, jedoch ist im deutschsprachigen Raum auch "'''Ö'''rnie", wie im Englischen, verbreitet.

Ernie und Bert inspirierten [[Attik Kargar]] zu der nicht für Kinder geeigneten Parodie [[Freitag Nacht News#Bernie und Ert|Bernie und Ert]]. Der Berliner Comiczeichner [[OL (Cartoonist)|OL]] hat Ernie und Bert in einigen Strips als (polnische) Bauarbeiter parodiert.

==== Graf Zahl ====

'''Graf Zahl''' (im englischsprachigen Original: ''Count von Count'' oder kurz und doppeldeutig ''The Count'') bringt in Anlehnung an die Darstellung von [[Graf Dracula]] Kindern im Vorschulalter das Zählen von Dingen bei. Häufig zählt er irgendwelche Dinge in seinem Schloss, wobei er ständig von den Fledermäusen umflattert wird, die zusammen mit ihm in dem Gemäuer hausen. Wenn er beim Zählen die Zahl erreicht hat, um die es in der entsprechenden Episode geht, lacht er laut auf, wobei es im Hintergrund blitzt und donnert.

Im englischen Original sowie in der französischen Übersetzung lässt sich das ursprüngliche Wortspiel nachvollziehen: ''to count'' (frz. ''compter'') bedeutet als Verb ''zählen'', während ''Count'' (frz. ''le Comte'') als Substantiv ''Graf'' bedeutet. So wird auch klar, warum die Figur gerade ''Graf Zahl'' heißt. Die Erfindung der Figur könnte sich auch auf den alten Volksglauben stützen, dass [[Vampir]]e einem Zählzwang unterliegen.<ref>Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer, Hanns Baechtold-Staeubli (Hrsg.): ''[[Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens]]''. Bd. 6, Reprint. de Gruyter, Berlin 2002, S. 819, ISBN 3-11-006594-0</ref>

Die deutsche Synchronstimme von Graf Zahl war [[Alf Marholm]].

==== Grobi ====
'''Grobi''' (im englischsprachigen Original: ''Grover'') ist ein liebenswertes, blaues und schusseliges Monster.

Neben einer Reihe wechselnder Rollen (bei denen er sich stets total verausgabt) tritt er häufig als [[Kellner]] auf. In diesen Szenen wird entweder der Gast (durch den schlechten Service) oder Grobi (durch die übertriebenen und/oder wechselnden Ansprüche des Gastes) zur Verzweiflung getrieben. In einigen Sketchen erklärt er mit Kermit dem Frosch Zusammenhänge des Alltags, wobei Kermit doziert und Grobi die praktische Veranschaulichung unter vollem physischen Einsatz übernimmt – oder dies zumindest versucht. In Anlehnung an [[Superman]] erscheint statt Grobi zuweilen das [[Alter Ego]] ''Supergrobi''. Hier trägt er einen Ritterhelm und einen flatternden Umhang und kann fliegen. Allerdings bringt er ausschließlich Bruchlandungen zu Beginn seines Einsatzes zustande. Als Supergrobi versucht er als ''Retter kleiner Mädchen und Kaninchen'' ebensolchen zu helfen. Regelmäßig bringt er sich dabei selbst in Schwierigkeiten. Gelegentlich erscheint auch Grobis Mutter, die ihm dann gute Ratschläge erteilt.

In frühen Folgen der Serie ist Grobi noch dunkelgrün statt blau.

Grobis deutsche Synchronstimme stammte ursprünglich von [[Karl-Ulrich Meves]], inzwischen wird er von [[Robert Missler]] gesprochen.

==== Kermit ====
'''Kermit der Frosch''' (im englischsprachigen Original: ''Kermit the Frog'') ist ein grüner [[Froschlurche|Frosch]], der auch in der [[Muppet Show]] als Gastgeber auftritt. Dadurch nimmt er eine Sonderstellung ein: Bei den [[Merchandising]]-Produkten, insbesondere in den Illustrierten zur Sesamstraße, kommt Kermit nicht vor.

In der Sesamstraße erscheint er in den verschiedensten Einspielfilmen, darunter die „Sesamstraßen-Nachrichten“, welche er als Reporter moderiert: So ist er unter anderem in bedeutsamen Momenten von Märchen anwesend – wo meistens etwas anders lief als im Original. So lässt z.B. das schwerhörige [[Rapunzel]] nicht nur ihr Haar herab, sondern gleich die ganze [[Perücke]] fallen. [[Rotkäppchen]] und [[Die drei kleinen Schweinchen (Märchen)|die drei kleinen Schweinchen]] sind ebenfalls in einzelnen Episoden zu Gast, genauso wie ein gewisser Udo [[Rumpelstilzchen]]. Weiterhin gehen die Sesamstraßen-Nachrichten auf humorvolle Art den Texten von Kinderliedern auf den Grund. Außerdem erklärt Kermit den Kindern Formen und Farben, wobei er nicht selten von seinem übermotivierten Assistenten Grobi oder dem Kekse suchenden Krümelmonster gestört wird.

Kermits deutsche Synchronstimme leiht ihm [[Andreas von der Meden]] für die Sesamstraße, in der [[Muppet Show]] war es zunächst [[Horst Gentzen]], seit dessen Tod hört man auch hier die Stimme von [[Andreas von der Meden]].

Kermit erhielt einen Stern auf dem [[Hollywood Walk of Fame|Walk of Fame]] in [[Hollywood]].

==== Krümelmonster ====

Das '''Krümelmonster''' (im englischsprachigen Original: ''Cookie Monster'') ist ein großes [[Monster]] mit blauem Fell und rollenden Augen. Seine Leibspeise sind [[Keks]]e, die es so hastig und unflätig verzehrt, dass sich sein (deutscher) Name jeweils neu erklärt. Im Original spricht das Krümelmonster grammatikalisch falsch (“Cookies! Me eat!“), in der deutschen Übersetzung spricht es jedoch bis auf die Angewohnheit, von sich selbst in der dritten Person zu reden und Artikel auszulassen („Krümel möchte Keks haben!“), weitgehend normal.

Es ist fast immer hungrig und fordert dann, völlig unabhängig vom aktuellen Gesprächsthema: „Keeekseee!“. Sein Hunger treibt das Krümelmonster auch oft dazu, die Dekoration der Bühnenbilder, in denen es sich bewegt, aufzuessen. Dies wird oft als komischer Effekt eingesetzt, etwa wenn das Krümelmonster einen Buchstaben erklären soll, ihn dann aber auffrisst. Obwohl es im hungrigen Zustand oft rabiat erscheint, ist das Krümelmonster doch gutmütig und nicht furchterregend. Es tut seinen Freunden immer nur kurz weh – bis diese es mit Essen, am besten mit Keksen, ruhigstellen. Selten taucht auch die Mutter auf. Sie sieht ihrem Sohn sehr ähnlich, ist aber auf dem Kopf stärker behaart und trägt im Gegensatz zum stets unbekleideten Krümelmonster Strickkleider.

Das Krümelmonster wurde in Deutschland synchronisiert nacheinander von
* [[Gerlach Fiedler]],
* [[Alexander Welbat]],
* [[Edgar Ott]],
* [[Douglas Welbat]] (Sohn von Alexander Welbat).

Sesamstraße-Lieder, in denen das Krümelmonster eine wichtige Rolle spielt, sind:
* ''Hätt’ ich Dich heut erwartet'' (gesungen von Ernie)
* ''Kekse''
* ''Oh, mein Keks ist zerkrümelt'' (Edgar Ott, mit dem Keks-Symphonieorchester)
* ''Denn Keks schmeckt lecker, lecker, lecker'' (Edgar Ott, mit dem Keks-Symphonieorchester)
* ''Ich verlor meine Kekse in der Diskothek, verlor sie bei der Disko-Musik …''
* In Amerika zählt außerdem ''C is for Cookie'' (C steht für Kekse) zu dem wohl bekanntesten Lied des Krümelmonsters

Im Jahr 2005 geriet das Krümelmonster in die öffentliche Diskussion. Nachdem es 36 Jahre lang Kekse (manchmal zusammen mit der Schachtel) vertilgt hatte, wurde für die neue Sesamstraßen-Staffel in den [[USA]] eine „Obst-Diät“ von der Produktionsfirma [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] angeordnet. Das Krümelmonster soll demzufolge vorwiegend Äpfel und Kohlrabi essen und sich nur noch ausnahmsweise einen Vollkornkeks genehmigen dürfen. Damit das blaue Monster immer wieder an eine gesundheitsbewusste Ernährung erinnert wird, begleiten es eine Karotte, Aubergine sowie ein Früchtemix als Chor. Hintergrund ist, dass in den USA viele Kinder an [[Übergewicht]] aufgrund von Bewegungsmangel und Fehlernährung leiden.

Die deutsche Sesamstraße ist in Bezug auf Ernährung einen Schritt weitergegangen und hat, schon bevor die Diskussion in den USA aufkam, das Thema Kochen als einen Schwerpunkt in die Kinderserie implementiert; durch den Teil der Sendung führt [[Alfred Biolek]].

==== Lulatsch ====
Beim heutigen Lulatsch – ein großes, kräftiges [[Monster]] mit hellblauem Fell, einer großen violetten Nase und einer durchgehenden Augenbraue – handelt es sich um das ursprüngliche ''Herry Monster'', welches unter dem Namen ''Harry'' auch in Deutschland erschien. Der ursprüngliche Lulatsch war (als er noch Herry hieß) eine Puppe, die besser zum Namen passte: ein großes, schmalschultriges Monster mit sehr breiter Nase. Manchmal wird jedoch auch das ''Beautiful Day Monster'' in der deutschen Version Lulatsch genannt.

Puppenspieler war [[Jerry Nelson]].<ref>[http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Herry_Monster muppet.wikia.com]</ref> Lulatsch wurde in Deutschland von [[Jochen Sehrndt]] synchronisiert .

==== Mumpitz ====
'''Mumpitz''' (Beiname „der Große“) ist ein sympathischer Zauberer, der sich stets als „Der Große Mumpitz“ vorstellt (im amerikanischen Original ''The Amazing Mumford''<ref>[http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/The_Amazing_Mumford ''The Amazong Mumford'', bei wikia.com] (abgerufen am 24. Oktober 2010)</ref>) und anschließend sein Können mit Zauberstab, Zylinder und dem Zauberspruch „Ruppzupp, Rubbeldidupp, Schnipp-Schnapp!“ demonstriert. Das Ergebnis ist stets nicht das von Mumpitz erwünschte und wird auch bei anschließenden weiteren Zauberversuchen nie zufriedenstellend erreicht. Gelegentlich drängt sich Grobi als ungebetener Assistent auf, wobei er dann unmerklich Opfer der Zauberkunst des „Großen Mumpitz“ wird.

Mumpitz wurde in Deutschland synchronisiert von [[Helmo Kindermann]].

==== Oscar ====
'''Oscar the Grouch''' (Griesgram) ist eine Stoffpuppe mit breitem Kopf und zottigem grünem Fell. Er lebt in der Sesamstraße in einer Mülltonne vor dem Haus, aus der er gelegentlich auftaucht, meist, um seine schlechte Laune zu verbreiten. Durch seine invertierte Wahrnehmung von schön—hässlich, angenehm—unangenehm stellt er Selbstverständliches bei den jungen Zuschauern in Frage (so erfreut er sich etwa an der eigenen schlechten Laune). Der Abfall liebende Oscar stand bei manchen Eltern im Verdacht, einen schlechten Einfluss auf das junge Publikum auszuüben (vgl. das Lied: „Ich mag Müll. Alles, was schmutzig ist, stinkig und dreckig. Ja, ich mag Müll!“). In den ersten US-Folgen trug Oscar noch ein oranges Fell, in denen der deutschen Adaption war er aber von Beginn an grün. Oscar wurde in Deutschland von [[Gottfried Kramer]] synchronisiert. Nach dem Tod von Kramer übernahm [[Michael Lott]] den Synchronpart für Oscar.

==== Robert ====
'''Robert''' (im englischsprachigen Original: ''Guy Smiley'') war der immer lächelnde (engl. ''to smile'' = lächeln), dauerredende Moderator diverser Game-Shows in der Serie, in denen verschiedene Figuren als Kandidaten auftraten. Robert war als [[Parodie]] auf den US-kanadischen Quizmaster [[Jim Perry]] konzipiert. Der Name in der deutschen Sesamstraße leitet sich von [[Robert Lembke]] ab, seine Shows ähneln oft dem Konzept von Lembkes Ratesendung [[Was bin ich?]].

Aufgrund des Todes von [[Jim Henson]] im Jahre 1990 schied die Figur, die Henson im Original selbst sprach, aus der Serie aus.

==== Schlemihl ====
'''Schlemihl''' (von [[jiddisch]]: [[Schlamassel]]) (im Original: Lefty, the Salesman), ein Händler in der Sesamstraße, trägt einen langen Mantel und versucht mit stets etwas dubios anmutenden Geschäftspraktiken seine Partner über den Tisch zu ziehen. Im Auftreten erinnert er stark an einen Schwarzmarkthändler, der illegal seinem Geschäft nachgeht. Legendär sind seine Versuche, Buchstaben oder Zahlen zu verkaufen, wobei er regelmäßig mittels „Psssst“ auf die Exklusivität des Angebots (in der Innenseite seines Mantels befestigt) hinweist. Meist ist es Ernie, auf den er als Geschäftspartner trifft; typischer Dialogbeginn: „He, Du!“ – „Wer, ich?“ – „Psssst!“ – (leiser) „Wer, ich?“ – „Genaaaaau…“ und weiter nach dem Schema „…Möchtest du ein A kaufen?“ (öffnet eine Mantelseite).

[[Schlemihl]] wurde in Deutschland zunächst von [[Reiner Brönneke]], später von [[Horst Stark]] synchronisiert.

==== Susanne Klickerklacker ====
'''Susanne Klickerklacker''' (im Original: Alice Braithwaite Goodyshoes) ist ein süßes, arrogantes kleines Mädchen, das die Unterschiede zwischen ''durch'' und ''herum'', ''nass'' und ''trocken'', ''oben'' und ''unten'' zu erklären versucht. Ihre Vorträge beginnen mit: „Ich heiße Susanne Klickerklacker, wie ihr vielleicht wisst. Und ich bin das klüüügste Mädchen der Welt!“ Oftmals erscheint ein Monster und ihr Auftritt endet nach 30 Sekunden im Missgeschick.

Die Zeichentrickfigur Susanne Klickerklacker wurde nur während der ersten Staffel der amerikanischen Sesamstraße (1969–1970) produziert und in den darauf folgenden Jahren häufig wiederholt.

Susanne Klickerklacker wurde in der deutschen Ausgabe von [[Gisela Trowe]] gesprochen.

=== Figuren in der deutschsprachigen Produktion ===
==== Samson ====
'''Samson''' ist der naive Partner der altklugen Tiffy. Samsons Vetter heißt Simson, wie (angeblich) auch sein Großvater.

Samson ist eine [[Großfigur]] mit zotteligem braunem Fell, die einen Bären darstellt. Es handelt sich um eine schwingend aufgehängte Puppe, bei der der Körper nach dem [[Hosenträger]]-Prinzip frei schwingend an einem Gestell hängt, während der Kopf durch ein Schultergestell getragen wird. Der Puppenspieler sieht über einen im Kopfinneren angebrachten Monitor, wohin er sich bewegt.

Samson hat im Übrigen eine Vorliebe für Würstchen, gebrannte Mandeln und sein Schnuffeltuch. Sein Vetter Simson erscheint selten, er unterscheidet sich kaum von Samson, trägt aber grün-weiße Schuhe und eine Schirmmütze. Seit 1999 taucht Simson jedoch nicht mehr in der Sendung auf.

Samson wurde ursprünglich gespielt von [[Peter Röders]] (1978–1983), in den Jahren 1986 bis 1988 von [[Herbert Langemann]] und nach dessen Tod ab 1989 von [[Matthias Bullach]]. Seit 1991 spielt der studierte Opernsänger [[Klaus Esch]] (u. a. [[Theater Lübeck]]) die Figur des Samson.

==== Tiffy ====
'''Tiffy''', eine rosafarbene, vogelartige Klappmaulpuppe mit frisurähnlichen Federn, ist eine der weiblichen Protagonisten der Serie. Eines ihrer Hobbys ist das Reparieren von Weckern. Ebenso wie bei Herrn von Bödefeld ist bei Tiffy immer nur die obere Hälfte der Puppe sichtbar. Seit 1978 wirkt Tiffy im Ensemble der deutschen Sesamstraße mit. Tiffy wurde gespielt von [[Martina Klose]] (Hände) und [[Kerstin Siebmann-Röders]] (Kopf).

Nach dem großen Brand in den Wandsbeker Produktionsstudios des NDR 1988, bei dem alle Puppen verbrannten, wurde die Sendung mit neuen Puppen weiterproduziert. Die neue Tiffy entsprach optisch eher dem [[Kindchenschema]] und wurde von 1986 bis 2000 von [[Marita Stolze]] (Kopf, Stimme) und [[Karime Vakilzadeh]] sowie [[Karin Kaiser]] (Hände) gespielt. Von 2001 bis 2004 wurde sie von [[Sabine Falkenberg]] gespielt und fortan als Monsterkind bezeichnet.

Im Jahr 2005 schied Tiffy nach 27 Jahren aus dem Ensemble der Sesamstraße aus und wurde durch die Monster-Figuren Moni, eine alleinerziehende Mutter, und deren Tochter Lena ersetzt.

==== Herr von Bödefeld ====
'''Uli von Bödefeld''' (genannt: Herr von Bödefeld) sollte ursprünglich ''von Blödefeld'' heißen, da er als eindeutiger Negativcharakter ausgelegt war. Er tauchte ab etwa 1983 bis zum Großbrand 1988 auf.

Herr von Bödefeld legte stets Wert darauf, [[Siezen|gesiezt]] und mit ''von'' angesprochen zu werden („Soviel Zeit muss sein!“). Oft war er für die spezifischen Probleme der übrigen Figuren verantwortlich. Affektiertes Sprechen und Gebaren wie ständiges Haare-Zurückstreichen, eitles Kopf-in-den-Nacken-legen bewirkten eine gewollt negative [[Konnotation]]. Die Puppe besaß eine blassrosa Farbe, eine Art Nasenbärschnauze, eine orangefarbene [[Dreadlocks|Rastafrisur]] und dürre Ärmchen zum korpulenten Körper. Sichtbar war – ähnlich wie bei Tiffy – immer nur der obere Teil der Puppe.

Herr von Bödefeld schied 1988 aus dem Ensemble der Sesamstraße aus, da die Lizenz für die Puppe nicht verlängert wurde. Er wurde ab 1989 durch den Griesgram Rumpel, einen deutschen Verwandten von Oscar aus der Mülltonne, ersetzt.

Herr von Bödefeld wurde von [[Benita Steinmann]] gespielt.

==== Finchen ====
Finchen ist eine vormals männliche, jedoch seit den 90er Jahren weibliche Schnecke.

Finchen wurde ursprünglich (in den 80ern) gespielt von [[Lothar Klose]], in den 90ern dann von [[Uta Delbridge]] und aktuell von [[Andrea Bongers]].

==== Rumpel ====
'''Rumpel''' ist ein grüner Griesgram und kam 1989 zur Sesamstraße hinzu. Als die Studiokulisse nach dem Brand neu aufgebaut wurde, zog Rumpel mit seinem Regenfass, in dem er lebt, in die Sesamstraße ein.

Rumpel wird seit Beginn von [[Joachim Hall (Schauspieler)|Achim Hall]] gespielt und ist, wie bei z. B. Tiffy auch, stets hinter einer Fassade, meistens jedoch in seinem Fass zu sehen, da man von der Figur nur den oberen Teil sehen kann.

Rumpel ist auch heute noch in der Sendung zu sehen.

=== Weitere Figuren ===
==== US-Figuren ====

* '''Betty Lou''', ein kleines blondes Mädchen mit rosa Haut, das oft mit dem Beautiful Day Monster zusammen auftritt.
* '''Blaffido Flamingo''', ein [[Oper|opernsingender]] [[Flamingo]]. (''Plácido Flamingo'', benannt nach [[Plácido Domingo]].)
* '''Briefkasten-Oma'''
* '''Denkedran Jost''' (''Forgetful Jones''), der vergessliche [[Cowboy]] und seine Freundin '''Klementine'''.
* '''Don Schnulze''' (''Don Music'') (deutsche Stimme: [[Peter Kirchberger]])
* '''Eberhard Freitag''' (''Roosevelt Franklin'')
* '''Elmo''' (Monster mit rotem Fell, oranger Nase und weißen Augen.), der in den ersten Jahren in der deutschen Version ein weibliches Monster war und Elma hieß. (deutsche Stimme: [[Sabine Falkenberg]])
* '''Das Monster''', manchmal auch '''Lulatsch''' (''Beautiful Day Monster'')
* '''Familie Snuffleupagus''', [[Mammut]]s ohne [[Stoßzahn|Stoßzähne]] (leben in einer Höhle mit der Anschrift 456 Snuffle Circle). Erster Auftritt in Episode 0276 (1971).
** Mammi Snuffleupagus (auch ''Mommy Snuffle'')
** Aloysius Snuffleupagus (auch ''Daddy Snuffle'', ''Snuffleupa'', ''Snuffy'', ''Mr. S.'')
** Alice Snuffleupagus
** Tante Agnes Snuffleupagus
** Oma Snuffle („Granny“)
** Abigail Snuffleupagus (Cousine)
** Onkel Abe
* '''Grobis Stammgast''' im Restaurant.
* '''Herbert Leichtfuß''' (''Herbert Birdsfoot'')
* '''Hänschen [[Kichererbse]]''', ein tollpatschiger Witzbold, dem es meist nicht gelingt, sein Gegenüber hereinzulegen.
* '''Miami Mice''', eine Parodie der US-Serie [[Miami Vice]]. Da die Einspieler der Sesamstraße und Miami Vice beide im [[Studio Hamburg]] synchronisiert wurden, haben die beiden Mäuse auch die deutschen Stimmen von [[Don Johnson]] ([[Reent Reins]]) und [[Philip Michael Thomas]] ([[Lutz Mackensy]]).
* '''Professor Hastig''' (''Professor Hastings''), ein zerstreuter Professor, der oft einschläft. (deutsche Stimme: [[Günther Jerschke]])
* '''Sherlock Humbug''' (''Sherlock Hemlock''), „der größte Detektiv der Welt“ benannt nach [[Sherlock Holmes]] (deutsche Stimme: [[Horst Stark]])
* '''Sina''' (deutsche Stimme: [[Tanja Dohse]])
* '''Telly'''
* '''Yip-Yips''' (''The Martians''), Außerirdische, die außer den dauernden abgegebenen Laut „Yiep-Yiep„ ab und zu ein paar Brocken gekautes Englisch von sich geben.
* '''Zagg'''
* '''Zoe'''

==== Figuren in der deutschsprachigen Produktion ====
* Buh ([[Friedrich Wollweber]])
* Straßenmäuse
* Feli Filu ([[Karin Kaiser]])
* Gustav
* Pferd ([[Carsten Haffke]])
* Wolle, das Reporterschaf ([[Martin Paas]])
* Wolf vom Wörtersee ([[Carsten Haffke]])

In der Version der Sesamstraße, die in Südafrika ausgestrahlt wird (dort ''Takalani Sesame''), gibt es seit 2002 den [[HIV]]-positiven Charakter ''Kami'', mit dem gegen die dort herrschende Diskriminierung von [[AIDS]]-Erkrankten angekämpft werden soll.

→ ''Siehe auch [[Plonsters]]''

== Schauspieler in der Sesamstraße ==
=== 1977–1983 ===
* Henning ([[Henning Venske]], 1977–1979)
* Lilo ([[Liselotte Pulver]], 1977–1983 + 1 Folge 1984 (Jubiläum zur 1000. Folge, ausgestrahlt im April 1985))
* Uwe ([[Uwe Friedrichsen]], 1979–1981)
* Horst ([[Horst Janson]], 1980–1983)
* Ute ([[Ute Willing]], 1979–1981)
* Ilse ([[Ilse Biberti]], nur 1980, ca. 220 Folgenbeiträge)
* Elisabeth ([[Elisabeth Vitouch]], 1979–1981)
* Manfred ([[Manfred Krug]], nur 1983)
* Herr K. und Dr. Blau ([[Peter Bauer (Schauspieler)|Peter Bauer]], [[Peter Arff]], 1975-1983)
* Die Buchstabendetektive ([[Horst Pinnow]], [[Tobias Meister]], 1977-1983)
* Die Verkehrs-Cowboys
* Jan und Rieke (1974-1977)
* Bumfidel (Markus Krüger, 1974-1977)
* Oma Kluge ([[Christa Siems]], 1975-1982)
* Familie Kister (1986-1987)
* Taxifahrerfamilie Sauer

=== 1986–2007 ===
* Schorsch ([[Gernot Endemann]], 1986–1999)
* Bettina ([[Hildegard Krekel]], 1986–1989)
* Bettina 2 ([[Kirsten Sprick]], 1989–1999)
* Opa Brass ([[Ferdinand Dux]], 1992–2000)
* Pensionswirtin Helmi ([[Senta Bonneval]], 1995–1999)
* Musiker Alex ([[Alexander Geringas]], 1995–2000)
* Jiviana ([[Vijak Bayani]], 1995–2001)
* Momi ([[Marianne Sägebrecht]], 2001-2002)
* Caro ([[Caroline Kiesewetter]], 2000–2002)
* Anke ([[Anke Engelke]], 2003)
* Caro 2 ([[Miriam Krause]], 2002–2005)
* Zauberer PePe ([[Dirk Bach]], 2000–2007)
* Ragazza, die Wörterfee ([[Felicitas Woll]], 2007)

=== seit 2008 ===
* Nils ([[Nils Julius]], seit 2000)
* Mehmet ([[Mehmet Yilmaz (Schauspieler)|Mehmet Yilmaz]], seit 2003)
* Ella ([[Franziska Troegner]], seit 2003)
* Annette ([[Annette Frier]], seit 2005)
* Frau Kowalski ([[Adele Neuhauser]], ab 2008)

== Musik ==
* '''Titellied:''' ''Der, die, das (wer, wie, was – wieso, weshalb, warum – wer nicht fragt, bleibt dumm!)'' (Musik: [[Ingfried Hoffmann]], Text: [[Volker Ludwig]]), 1. Version gesungen vom [[Hamburger Kinderchor Vineta]] unter der Leitung von [[Dietrich Czirniok]] .
* ''[[Máh-Ná-Máh-Ná]]'' (Original von [[Piero Umiliani]], 1968)
* ''Quietscheentchen'' mit Ernie (Original: „Rubber Duckie“ von Jeff Moss 1970 für die amerikanische Sesamstraße)
* ''Hätt’ ich dich heut’ erwartet (hätt’ ich Kuchen da)'' - Ernie und Krümelmonster (''If I Knew You Were Comin’ I’d’ve Baked A Cake'', [[Eileen Barton]] von 1950, geschrieben von Bob Merrill, Al Hoffman und Clem Watts)
* ''In dem grün-gelben U-Boot leben wir'' ([[Yellow Submarine]], [[Beatles]])
* ''Ich wollt' ich wär unten im Meer, ja im Garten eines Kraken möcht ich sein'' (Octopus's Garden, [[Beatles]] vom Album [[Abbey Road]])
* ''Ich mag Müll'' mit ''Griesgram'' Oscar (Original „I Love Trash“)
* ''Lulu ist wieder da'' mit Tony und Beautiful Day Monster (Original: „Lulu's back in town“ Filmmusik aus „Broadway Gondolier“, 1935–Musik: Harry Warren, Text: Al Dubin, Interpret: Dick Powell)
* ''Wendy'' mit Tony und Beautiful Day Monster (Original: „Windy“ von 1967–Text: Ruthann Friedman, Interpreten: The Association)
* ''Telefon Rock'' mit Little Jerry und den Monotones (Original „Telephone Rock“ von Christopher Cerf und Norman Stiles 1975 für die amerikanische Sesamstraße)
* ''abcdefghi jkl mnopqr stuvw xy z'' mit Bibo und Susanne (Dt. Musik: Ingfried Hoffmann / US-Original-Musik: Joe Raposo, Text: Jon Stone und Joe Raposo, 1970)
* ''Es ist nicht einfach, so allein'' von Kermit [später in der [[Muppet Show]] ''Es ist nicht einfach, grün zu sein''] (Original: ''Bein' Green'' Musik und Text: Joe Raposo für die amerikanische Sesamstraße 1970)
* ''Ich pfeif' ein frohes Lied'' („Wenn mich die Angst beschleicht“)
* ''Wir gehörn zusammen'' (los, zusammen, jetzt; Refrain: [[All Together Now]], [[The Beatles]])
Es wurden viele weitere Lieder komponiert und auch auf CDs und MCs veröffentlicht. Zahlreiche Lieder bekannter Interpreten, v. a. der Beatles, wurden für klassisch gewordene Sketche verwendet (Yellow Submarine - das grün-gelbe U-Boot; Octopus's Garden - im Garten eines Kraken)
* Baby zähl mal bis neun für mich (Graf Zahl)

== Auszeichnungen ==
Einen der ersten Auszeichnungen erhielt die Sesamstraße 1970 mit dem [[Prix Jeunesse International]] in der Kategorie „up to 7 years“. 1999 wurde [[Wolfgang Buresch]] für seinen persönlichen Einsatz in der Sesamstraße für den [[Adolf-Grimme-Preis]] nominiert.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069629/awards Internet Movie Database]</ref>
2009 verlieh die [[US-Fernsehakademie]] der Kindersendung als weltweit höchstgeschätzte und meistgesehene TV-Bildungsshow für Kinder einen Emmy. Den bedeutendsten Fernsehpreis in den USA erhielt 2009 auch der Puppenspieler Kevin Clash, der dem roten Monster Elmo Leben verleiht.

== Vermarktung ==
Mit der Puppe ''[[Tickle Me Elmo]]'' schuf der Spielwarenhersteller [[Mattel]], angelehnt an der Figur ''Elmo'', eines der 1996 meistverkauften Spielzeuge auf dem US-amerikanischen Markt. Sie war und ist noch immer eines der erfolgreichsten Produkte des Konzerns. Sowohl der ''Tickle Me Elmo'' der ersten Generation als auch sein Nachfolgemodell ''T.M.X.'' waren bei den Kunden so beliebt, dass es bei Verkaufsstart zu Handgreiflichkeiten in den Läden kam.

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references/>

== Literatur ==
* Marina Wladkowski: ''Kinderfernsehen in Deutschland zwischen Qualitätsansprüchen und Ökonomie unter Berücksichtigung der Vorschulserie Sesamstraße''. Dissertation, [[Technische Universität Braunschweig|TU Braunschweig]] 2003 ([http://www.digibib.tu-bs.de/?docid=00001479 E-Text])
* Malcolm Gladwell: The Tipping Point – How Little Things Can Make A Big Difference (2000) dt. Der [[Tipping Point]] (2002), ISBN 978-3-442-12780-1

== Weblinks ==
* {{Commonscat|Sesame Street|Sesamstraße}}
* [http://www.ndr.de/sesamstrasse/ Deutsche Homepage der Sesamstraße]
* [http://www.sesameworkshop.org/sesamestreet/ US-Homepage der Sesamstraße]
* [http://www.fabula-filmpuppen.de/samson_sesamstrasse.htm Informationen über die ursprünglichen deutschen Folgen (bis 1988) mit Samson, Tiffy, Henning, Lilo, Ute etc.]
* [http://www.medienhandbuch.de/prchannel/details.php?callback=index&id=1229&branch_id=4 35 Jahre Sesamstraße]
* {{IMDb Titel|tt0069629|Sesamstraße}}
* [http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Sesamstrasse Sesamstraße] im Muppet-Wiki (englisch)
* [http://www.sesamstrasse-live.de/ Homepage des deutschen Sesamstraßen-Musicals]
* [http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/keeping-us-on-the-street-and-narrow/2007/12/01/1196394689031.html Artikel aus TheAge.com.au: Frühe Folgen der Serie werden in den USA als unpassend für Kinder deklariert]
* Positively Sesame Street - Artikel zur südafrikanischen, HIV-positiven Figur [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901020930-353521,00.html]

{{Normdaten|SWD=4116482-9}}

[[Kategorie:Kindersendung (Fernsehen)]]
[[Kategorie:Puppentheater im Fernsehen]]
[[Kategorie:Fernsehserie (Deutschland)]]
[[Kategorie:Das Erste]]
[[Kategorie:Norddeutscher Rundfunk (Fernsehen)]]

{{Link GA|en}}

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