Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Suze Robertson

2017-12-16T10:39:32Z

BotMultichill: Fixing broken link to RKDartists

{{Infobox artist
| name = Suze Robertson
| image = Suze Robertson - self-portrait - 1890 - IB00062106.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Self-portrait, 1890
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1855|12|17|mf=y}}
| birth_place = The Hague, Netherlands.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1922|11|18|1855|12|17|mf=y}}
| death_place = The Hague, Netherlands
| nationality = Dutch
| education = Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, Delft University of Technology
| field = [[Painting]]
| training =
| movement =
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
| spouse = {{marriage|Richard Bisschop|1892|}}
| partner =
}}

'''Suze Robertson''' (17 December 1855 – 18 October 1922) was a Dutch painter. She belonged to a group of artists known as the [[Amsterdamse Joffers]].

==Biography==
She was born to a family of merchants. Her mother died when she was two and she was raised by her aunt and uncle. She displayed an early talent for drawing and began her studies in 1874 at the [[Royal Academy of Art, The Hague]],<ref name=DVL>[http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Robertson Suzanne Robertson] in [[1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis]]</ref> where she was a pupil of [[Jan Philip Koelman]]. She won a bronze and two silver medals there. In 1876 she followed drawing lessons at the [[Delft University of Technology|Polytechnical School]] in Delft.<ref name=RKD>[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/67372 Suze Robertson] in the [[RKD]]</ref>

Until 1882 she taught drawing lessons for girls in Rotterdam while taking lessons on Sundays from [[Petrus van der Velden]] in The Hague, and after that chose a career as an artist. Her works of simple people in farm interiors and rough scenes of farm life are reminiscent of [[Van Gogh]]'s early ''[[The Potato Eaters]]'' and it is said they admired each other's work.<ref>[http://www.denhaagdirect.nl/robert-de-haas-opent-suze-robertson-tentoonstelling/ Opening of 2013 Suze Robertson exhibition] at [[Gemeentemuseum Den Haag]]</ref>

While in Rotterdam Suze caused something of a scandal because she insisted her pupils should be able to draw from the naked model.<ref name=DVL/> She married the painter [[Richard Bisschop]] in 1892, and became a member of the [[Pulchri studio]] and [[Arti et Amicitiae]].<ref name=RKD/> Over the next few years, she exhibited widely and won several medals, including a bronze at the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)]]. In 1907 her work was shown at the opening sale of the new branch of the Larensche Kunsthandel in Amsterdam where she sold works totalling 10,000 guilders, at the time something of a record.<ref name=DVL/>
She died in The Hague.

==Selected paintings==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Suze Robertson - Standing woman spinning.jpg|Woman Spinning
File:Suze Robertson - Corner of the artist studio.jpg|Corner of the Artists' Studio
File:Suze Bisschop Robertson - Courtyard together with a Work by Johan Buning.jpg|Courtyard with a Work by John Buning
File:Suze Robertson - antique stall.jpg|Antique Stall
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of paintings by Suze Robertson]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Suze Robertson}}
*[http://www.artnet.com/artists/suze-bisschop-robertson/past-auction-results Suze Robertson] on [[Artnet]]
*[http://www.simonis-buunk.nl/verkocht/kunstenaar/Robertson_S_(Susanne_Suze)__2146.aspx Susanne Robertson] on Simonis-Buunk website

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Robertson, Suze}}
[[Category:Suze Robertson| ]]
[[Category:1855 births]]
[[Category:1922 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from The Hague]]
[[Category:Dutch women painters]]
[[Category:19th-century Dutch painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch painters]]
[[Category:19th-century women artists]]
[[Category:20th-century women artists]]
[[Category:Dutch Impressionist painters]]

Ferdinando Gorges

2015-04-25T19:56:13Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 44649057 -> 314808494

{{Infobox Governor
|name = Ferdinando Gorges
|image =
|caption =
|order = [[List of colonial governors of Maine|2nd colonial governor of Maine]]
|office =
|term_start = 1639
|term_end = 1647
|lieutenant =
|predecessor = [[William Gorges]]
|successor = [[Thomas Gorges (Maine)|Thomas Gorges]]
|birth_date = 1565
|birth_place = Ashton Phillips, [[Somerset]], [[England]]
|death_date = 1647
|spouse = Ann Bell (died 1620); 4 children. Mary Fulford {Mrs Achims (a widow)} Elizabeth Gorges, {Mrs Courteney (a widow)} Elizabeth {Lady Smyth (a widow)}
|profession = Governor, entrepreneur and founder of the [[Province of Maine]]
|signature = Signature of Ferdinando Gorges.png}}

'''Sir Ferdinando Gorges''' (1565–1647), the "Father of English Colonization in [[North America]]",<ref>John Franklin Jameson, Henry Eldridge Bourne, Robert Livingston Schuyler, The American historical review, Volume 4:P683</ref> was an early [[Kingdom of England|English]] colonial entrepreneur and founder of the [[Province of Maine]] in 1622, although Gorges himself never set foot in the [[New World]].

==Biography==
Sir Ferdinando Gorges was born in July 1565 in Clerkenwell, Middlesex, England, the son of Edward Gorges, Esquire and Lady Cicely Lygon. He was born only a few weeks before his father death. He is named for his mother's brother, Ferdinando Lygon. Very little documentation exists regarding his early life and education. He was brought up at Nailsea Court at Kenn near Wraxall.<ref>University of Toronto Press, and the Royal Military College of Canada, 1953, Preston, Richard Arthur, GORGES OF PLYMOUTH FORT, The Life of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Captain of Plymouth Fort, Governor of New England, and Lord of the Province of Maine, pp. 19–20</ref>He is descended from a [[cadet branch]] of the Russells of [[Kingston Russell]], Dorset, which had changed its name to the [[matronymic]] Gorges, [[Gorges family|which family]] had died out in the male line on the death of Ralph de Gorges of [[Knighton, Isle of Wight]], 2nd Baron Gorges, in 1331.

He entered the army at an early age and had obtained the rank of captain at the siege of Sluys in 1587, was a prisoner at Lisle in 1588, wounded at the [[Siege of Paris (1590)|siege of Paris]] in 1589 and knighted at the [[Siege of Rouen (1591)|siege of Rouen]] in 1591.<ref>{{cite book|last=New England Historic Genealogical Society|title=The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume 29, 1875|year=2000|publisher=Heritage Books, Inc|isbn=978-0788401954|pages=44–47|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NNIb9Qf7k4kC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=Ferdinando+Gorges&source=bl&ots=viyfUWad_-&sig=RatiBFHdFe9wahWm1gdyK225XG8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5JLZUsq7AtOThgeJxoHIDA&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=Ferdinando%20Gorges&f=false}}</ref> He was rewarded for his services by the post of Governor of the Fort at Plymouth, which he held for many years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Ferdinando Gorges Facts|url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/sir-ferdinando-gorges|publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> In 1601, he became involved in the [[Essex Conspiracy]] and later testified against its leader, [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]].<ref>{{cite web|title=GORGES, Sir Ferdinando (c.1568-1647), of Plymouth, Devon; later of Ashton Phillips, Som.|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/gorges-sir-ferdinando-1568-1647|work=History of Parliament|publisher=The History of Parliament Trust|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=sonofsouth>{{cite web|title=Ferdinando Gorges|url=http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/explorers/ferdinando-gorges.htm|publisher=Son of the South|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref>

His interest in colonisation was invoked when Captain [[George Weymouth]] presented him with three captured American Indians.<ref>{{cite web|last=Laughton|first=John Knox|title=Gorges, Ferdinando|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gorges,_Ferdinando_(DNB00)|publisher=Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> In 1605, he helped sponsor the expedition of Weymouth to the mouth of the [[Kennebec River]] along the coast of the present day state of [[Maine]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Ferdinando Gorges|url=http://carl-leonard.com/2013/03/01/sir-ferdinando-gorges-the-father-of-english-colonization-established-the-province-of-maine-and-founded-georgeana-massachusetts-the-first-incorporated-city-in-what-today-is-the-uni/|publisher=Carl Leonard|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> In 1607, as a shareholder in the [[Plymouth Company]], he helped fund the failed [[Popham Colony]], near present-day [[Phippsburg, Maine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Ferdinando Gorges|url=http://www.mpbn.net/homestom/timelines/bios/gorges.html|publisher=Maine Public Broadcasting Network|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref>

In 1622, Gorges received a land patent, along with [[John Mason (governor)|John Mason]], from the [[Plymouth Council for New England]] for the Province of Maine, the original boundaries of which were between the [[Merrimack River|Merrimack]] and Kennebec rivers.<ref name=sonofsouth/><ref>{{cite web|title=Grant of His Interest in New Hampshire by Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Captain John Mason|url=http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/grant-of-his-interest-in-new-hampshire-by-sir-ferdinando-gorges-to-captain-john-mason/|publisher=Teaching American History|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Grant of the Province of Maine to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason, esq., 10th of August, 1622|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/me01.asp|publisher=Yale Law School|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> "Ye Province of Maine" had its birth in this charter, dated August 10, 1622 in the reign of England's King James. A reconfirmed and enhanced 1639 charter from England's King Charles I, gave Sir Ferdinando Gorges increased powers over this new province and stated that it "shall forever hereafter, be called and named the PROVINCE OR COUNTIE OF MAINE, and not by any other name or names whatsoever..."<ref>Fisher, Carol B. Smith, "Who Really Named Maine", Bangor Daily News, 26 Feb. 2002, pg. A9; Burrage, Henry S., GORGES and The Grant of the Province of Maine 1622 A Tercentenary Memorial, pp. 167–173.</ref> In 1629, he and Mason divided the colony, with Mason's portion south of the [[Piscataqua River]] becoming the [[Province of New Hampshire]].<ref name=backyard/> Gorges and his nephew established Maine's first court system. Capt. [[Christopher Levett]], early English explorer of the New England Coast, was an agent for Gorges, as well as a member for the crown's Plymouth Council for New England.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=rQsQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA37&dq=levett+dorchester&lr=&ei=v2rZSJaELY6IswPlpujeDg York Deeds, Maine Historical Society, Maine Genealogical Society, John T. Hull, Portland, 1887]</ref> [[Levett]]'s attempt to establish a colony in Maine ultimately failed, and he died aboard ship returning to England after meeting with Governor [[John Winthrop]] in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] in 1630.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=mGcOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=%22a+voyage+into+new+england%22+levett&source=web&ots=NE31knZ7dL&sig=2O_R5pQJxL5FMWCA7j9M8jPuD34&hl=en History of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford, Massachusetts Historical Society, 1912]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=4DfmZIJyM2UC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%22a+voyage+into+new+england%22+levett&source=web&ots=uYQKMjvqVP&sig=xjnE2sXfmPppDgQ7y5DC2ZtFpE4&hl=en Portland in the Past, William Goold, 1886]</ref>

[[File:America Painted to the Life by Ferdinando Gorges.jpg|thumb|right|190px|''America Painted to the Life'', book published in [[London]], 1659, by Ferdinando Gorges Esq., grandson of Ferdinando Gorges]]

Ferdinando Gorges's son was [[Robert Gorges]], [[Governor-General of New England]] from 1623–1624. But Robert Gorges was seen with some suspicion by American colonists, who were skeptical of Gorges' almost feudal idea of governance and settlement, and ultimately Gorges returned to England. In the 1630s Gorges attempted to revive the moribund claims of the Plymouth Company. In concert with colonists banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he formally questioned the issuance of its royal charter in 1632, and forwarded complaints and charges made by the disaffected colonists to the [[Privy Council]] of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]. His efforts were ultimately unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Massachusetts Bay Colony's annexation of Maine|url=http://www.mpbn.net/homestom/p9massbaycolony.html|publisher=Maine Public Broadcasting Network|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref>

==Death==
Sir Ferdinando Gorges, after being plundered and imprisoned, died on May 24, 1647 in his home in [[Long Ashton]] (then known as Ashton-Phillips) and is buried in the All Saint's Churchyard, Long Ashton, Somerset, England. He is buried in the Smyth crypt without markings due the circumstances of the time.<ref>Univ. of Toronto Press, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ont., 1953, Preston, Richard Arthur, GORGES OF PLYMOUTH FORT.., PP. 344–345</ref> His eldest son, John, inherited his Province of Maine, of which Robert, his younger son, had been for such a short time Governor. In May 1677 his grandson, another Ferdinando, finally sold to Massachusetts all rights to Maine for £1,250.

The epilogue to Sir Ferdinando Gorges' story is very brief. Although his grandson eventually accepted a paltry sum after many years of trying to secure the good name of his grandfather, he proceeded to acquire some validity of his grandfather's claims by the Puritans. This sale finally extinguished the interests of the Gorges family in those American lands which Sir Ferdinando had labored to develop as a proprietary province owing to a close relationship to the English Crown. New England was left to follow a very different destiny from that which Sir Ferdinando had devoted so much of his life.<ref>Preston, Richard Arthur, GORGES OF PLYMOUTH FORT, The Life of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Captain of Plymouth Fort, Governor of New England, and Lord of the Province of Maine, Univ. of Toronto Press, and the Royal Military College of Canada, 1953, pg. 345</ref>
It wasn't until 1820 that Maine achieved separate statehood.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Maine Senate|url=http://legisweb1.mainelegislature.org/wp/senate/about/|publisher=Maine Senate|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married four times. His first wife was Ann, daughter of Edward Bell of [[Writtle]], Essex, whom he married in 1589 at [[St. Margaret's, Westminster]], and who died in 1620: they had two sons, John and [[Robert Gorges|Robert]], and two daughters, Ellen and Honoria, the last of whom died young. Secondly, in 1621, Mary, daughter of Thomas Fulford of [[Devon]], the widow of Thomas Achims of Hall, Cornwall. Thirdly, in 1627, at [[Ladock]], Cornwall, to Elizabeth, daughter of Tristam Gorges of [[St. Budeaux]], and widow of both Edward Courteney and of William Bligh (she died within a few weeks of the marriage). Fourthly, at [[Wraxall, Somerset|Wraxall]] in 1629, to Elizabeth, Lady Smyth, widow of Sir Hugh Smyth of Ashton Court and the daughter of Sir [[Thomas Gorges]] and [[Helena, Marchioness of Northampton]].<ref name=backyard>{{cite web|title=Sir Fernando Gorges|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/plymouth/fernandogorges.htm|publisher=Empire in your backyard|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=George Streynsham Master|title=Collections for a Parochial History of Wraxall|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MrwLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA22|accessdate=21 February 2015|year=1900|publisher=J.W. Arrowsmith, printer|page=22}}</ref>

==See also==
{{AmCyc Poster|Gorges, Ferdinando|Ferdinando Gorges}}
*[[Fort Gorges]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=mGcOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=levett+england&source=web&ots=NE3YhgV9eG&sig=GHzAmtGHdOuD-5zPx1jXAxT1ARw Capt. Christopher Levett], mentioned in ''History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647 By William Bradford, Massachusetts''

{{Authority control|VIAF=314808494}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Gorges, Ferdinando
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English military officer; colonialist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1565
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Ashton Phillips, [[Somerset]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1647
| PLACE OF DEATH = unclear}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gorges, Ferdinando}}
[[Category:1565 births]]
[[Category:1647 deaths]]
[[Category:People from North Somerset (district)]]
[[Category:Gorges family|Ferdinando]]
[[Category:Russell of Dyrham family]]
[[Category:Burials in Somerset]]
[[Category:English MPs 1593]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for constituencies in Wales]]
[[Category:Place of death unknown]]

Gonjasufi

2015-04-25T19:55:51Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 121206187 -> 261729339

{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Gonjasufi
|image = Gonjasufi-a.jpg
|caption = Gonjasufi in [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]], 2011.
|background = solo_singer
|birth_name = Sumach Ecks
|alias = Sumach Valentine, Randy Johnson
|origin = [[San Diego]], [[California]], [[United States]]
|genre = [[Experimental music|Experimental]], [[lo-fi]], [[alternative hip hop]], [[psychedelic rock]], [[trip hop]], [[Dub music|dub]]
|instrument = vocals, [[turntable]]s
|occupation = [[Vocalist]], [[Record producer|producer]], [[Disc jockey|DJ]], [[actor]], [[yoga]] teacher
|years_active = 1990s–present
|label = [[Warp Records|Warp]], A.I.R., Hit + Run
|associated_acts = [[Flying Lotus]], [[The Gaslamp Killer]]
|website = {{URL|www.sufisays.com}}
}}
'''Sumach Ecks'''<ref name=Meer>{{cite web|last=Meer|first=Malik|date=2010|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/mar/06/gonjasufi-warp-new-album|title=Gonjasufi – the electro Hendrix|publisher=''[[The Guardian]]''|date=March 6, 2010|accessdate=July 4, 2010}}</ref> (born 1978),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theartsdesk.com/new-music/theartsdesk-qa-musician-gonjasufi|title=theartsdesk Q&A: Musician Gonjasufi|publisher=[[The Arts Desk]]|first=Thomas H.|last=Green|date=January 14, 2012|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref> better known by his stage name '''Gonjasufi''', is an American vocalist, producer, disc jockey, actor and yoga teacher.<ref name="Sdrgei">[http://www.sandiegoreader.com/weblogs/jam-session/2012/jan/20/gonjasufi-extended-interview/ SDR - Gonjasufi Extended Interview]</ref>

==Life and career==
Ecks was born in 1978 to a [[Mexico|Mexican]] mother and an [[United States|American]]-[[Ethiopia]]n father.<ref name=Meer/> He spent his formative years in [[Chula Vista, California]].<ref name=sdr/>

Ecks got involved early on in the arts, playing [[Helios]] the Sun God in the opera ''Persephone''.<ref name=Gfigs>[http://gimme5.tumblr.com/post/426604212/gimme5-interview-gonjasufi-eng Gimme5 Interview: Gonjasufi]{{dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref>

In the early 1990s, he began releasing music within the [[San Diego]] hip hop scene; notably with the [[Masters of the Universe (Hip Hop)|Masters of the Universe]] crew.<ref name=Lymangrover/><ref name=Dombal/> Touring under the stage names '''Sumach Valentine''' and '''Randy Johnson''',<ref name=Lymangrover/> his first band was called Plant Lyphe.<ref name=Gfigs/>

Ecks gained notice from [[Warp Records]] in 2008 after an appearance on Californian musician [[Flying Lotus]]' album ''[[Los Angeles (Flying Lotus album)|Los Angeles]]'', on which he sings on the track "Testament".<ref name=Dombal>{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/38024-rising-gonjasufi/|last=Dombal|first=Ryan|title=Rising: Gonjasufi|publisher=[[Pitchfork Media]]|date=February 25, 2010|accessdate=March 6, 2010}}</ref> His Warp debut album, ''[[A Sufi and a Killer]]'', was released on March 8, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/gonjasufi-a-sufi-and-a-killer|title=Gonjasufi – A Sufi And A Killer|publisher=[[MusicOMH]]|first=Ben|last=Hogwood|date=March 8, 2010|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref>

Ecks' voice has been described by [[Pitchfork Media]] as "a scraggly, scary, smoked-out croak that creeps like the spiritual offspring of [[George Clinton (musician)|George Clinton]] and [[Lead Belly]]."<ref name=Dombal/> He attributes his singing style to his day job teaching yoga, where he was forced to learn how to "project from [his] stomach more".<ref name=Dombal/> His music is largely experimental, fusing urban beats with [[psychedelic rock|psychedelic]] flourishes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/Gonjasufi_-_Sufi_Killer|title=Gonjasufi: A Sufi And A Killer|publisher=[[Exclaim!]]|first=David|last=Dacks|date=May 13, 2010|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127560241|title=Gonjasufi: Musings Of A Hip-Hop Mystic|publisher=[[NPR]]|first=Anthony|last=Fantano|date=June 8, 2010|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref>

Besides singing and rapping,<ref name=cmj>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmj.com/news/new-mini-album-from-gonjasufi/|title=New Mini-Album From Gonjasufi|publisher=[[CMJ]]|first=Andrew|last=Olshevski|date=November 2, 2011|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref> Ecks also serves as a producer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2012/02/video-premiere-gonjasufis-the-blame-roams-downtown-la.html|title=Video premiere: Gonjasufi roams downtown L.A.|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Randall|last=Roberts|date=February 21, 2012|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref> DJ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laist.com/2010/03/15/tonight_in_rock_she_him_gonjasufi_m.php|title=Tonight In Rock: She & Him, Gonjasufi, Moonrats, The Delta Mirror|publisher=[[LAist]]|first=Joshua|last=Pressman|date=March 15, 2010|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref> actor,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/brief/60008586/the-cure-star-legally-changes-his-name-as-he-leaves-the-music-world-for-art|title=The Cure star legally changes his name as he leaves the music world for art|publisher=[[Hollywood.com]]|date=March 15, 2015|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref> and yoga teacher.<ref name=sdr>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegoreader.com/weblogs/jam-session/2012/jan/20/gonjasufi-extended-interview/|title=Gonjasufi Extended Interview|publisher=''[[San Diego Reader]]''|first=Chad|last=Deal|date=January 20, 2012|accessdate=April 15, 2015}}</ref>

Ecks currently lives in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]].<ref name=Lymangrover>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/gonjasufi-mn0000573286/biography|title=Gonjasufi Biography|last=Lymangrover|first=Jason|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=March 8, 2010}}</ref>

==Discography==
===Studio albums===
*''[[A Sufi and a Killer]]'' (2010)

===Remix albums===
*''The Caliph's Tea Party'' (2010)

===EPs===
*''The Ninth Inning EP'' (2011)
*''[[MU.ZZ.LE]]'' (2012)
*''Untitled'' (2013) (split with [[Ras G]])

===Singles===
*"Holidays" b/w "Candylane" (2009)
*"Kowboyz&Indians" b/w "My Only Friend" (2010)
*"Kobwebz" b/w "Speaketh" (2010)
*"Nickles and Dimes" (2010)
*"Ninth Inning" (2011)
*"The Blame" (2012)

===Guest appearances===
*[[Flying Lotus]] - "Testament" from ''[[Los Angeles (Flying Lotus album)|Los Angeles]]'' (2008)
*[[The Gaslamp Killer]] - "I’m in Awe" from ''Death Gate'' (2010)
*Humansuit - "Lawnmower Man" from ''Humansuit'' (2012)
*The Gaslamp Killer - "Veins" and "Apparitions" from ''[[Breakthrough (The Gaslamp Killer album)|Breakthrough]]'' (2012)
*Old English - "The Omen" from ''Band in Amerikkka'' (2013)
*Perera Elsewhere - "Giddy" from ''Everlast'' (2013)
*[[Awol One]] & Gel Roc - "Flight" from ''The Cloaks'' (2014)
*Dag Savage - "Bad Trip" from ''E & J'' (2014)
*[[The Bug (musician)|The Bug]] - "Save Me" from ''[[Angels & Devils (The Bug album)|Angels & Devils]]'' (2014)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|www.sufisays.com}}
*{{Discogs artist|GonjaSufi|Gonjasufi}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=261729339}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Gonjasufi
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Sumach Ecks
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = musician, disc jockey, actor and yoga teacher
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1978
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
[[Category:American hip hop musicians]]
[[Category:American people of Ethiopian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Mexican descent]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Warp (record label) artists]]
[[Category:People from Chula Vista, California]]
[[Category:Musicians from San Diego, California]]

Lonnie Frisbee

2015-04-25T19:43:43Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 121199737 -> 223907392

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lonnie Frisbee
| birth_name = Lonnie Frisbee
| image = Lonnie Frisbee in the 1960s.jpg
| caption = Lonnie Frisbee in the 1960s
| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1949|06|06}}
| birth_place = [[Costa Mesa, California]], US
| nationality = American
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|03|12|1949|06|06}}
| death_place = [[Orange County, California]]
| years_active = 1966–1991
| style = Power evangelism, [[Spiritual gift|gifts of the Spirit]]
| religion = [[Evangelism|Evangelical]] and [[Pentecostal]] Christianity
| occupation = [[Pentecostal]] evangelist and minister
| spouse = Connie (divorced in 1973)
}}
'''Lonnie Frisbee''' (June 6, 1949 – March 12, 1993) was an American [[Pentecostal]] [[evangelism|evangelist]] and self-described "seeing [[prophet]]" and [[mysticism|mystic]] in the late 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=prophet>{{cite web | last=Frisbee | first=Lonnie|url= http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 |title=Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO; Senior Pastor Tom Stipe |accessdate=May 18, 2007 }}</ref><ref name=divorce/> He maintained a [[hippie]] appearance and struggled with homosexuality (according to his own report).<ref>Annette Cloutier, ''Præy To God: A Tasteful Trip Through Faith: Volume One'', ISBN 1-4363-1555-7, ISBN 978-1-4363-1555-5, page 437.</ref><ref name=testimony/> He was notable as a [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]] and [[evangelism|evangelist]] in the [[Signs and Wonders|signs and wonders]] movement of the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/><ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/>

Frisbee was a key figure in the [[Jesus movement]] and eyewitness accounts of his ministry documented in the 2007 Emmy-nominated film ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'' explain how Frisbee became the [[charism]]atic spark igniting the rise of [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]]'s [[Calvary Chapel]] and the [[Vineyard Movement]], two worldwide denominations and among the largest evangelical denominations to emerge in the last thirty years.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/><ref name="ggs">Glen G. Scorgie, ''A Little Guide to Christian Spirituality: Three Dimensions of Life with God'', Chapter 8-"An Integrated Spirituality", Zondervan, 2009, ISBN 0-310-54000-3, ISBN 978-0-310-54000-7.</ref> It was said that he was not one of the hippie preachers, "there was one."<ref name=one>{{cite web | last=Barkonsty | url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDOee1zkZis |title=teaser for the documentary FRISBEE: The Life & Death of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=May 18, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But">{{cite web | last =Coker | first =Matt | title=Ears on Their Heads, But They Don’t Hear: Spreading the real message of Frisbee | publisher=[[Orange County Weekly]] | date=April 14, 2005 | url= http://www.ocweekly.com/film/film/ears-on-their-heads-but-they-dont-hear/14935/ | accessdate=October 21, 2007}}</ref> The term '[[power evangelism]]' comes from Frisbee's ministry. Some of his harshest critics for heavy use of the Holy Spirit and the [[Spiritual gift|gifts of the Spirit]] came from the churches he helped found.<ref name="mirwor">John Crowder, ''Miracle workers, reformers and the new mystics'', Destiny Image Publishers, 2006, ISBN 0-7684-2350-3, ISBN 978-0-7684-2350-1, pages 103-6.</ref> He also influenced many [[prophet]]ic evangelists including Jonathan Land, Marc Dupont, Jill Austin and others.<ref name="mirwor"/> Frisbee co-founded the [[House of Miracles]] commune and was its main architect, converting many. The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to Oregon to form [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]], the largest and one of the longest-lasting of the [[Jesus People]] communal groups.

Frisbee functioned both as an evangelical preacher also privately socialized as a gay man before and during his evangelism career.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> This is held in tension with the fact that he said in interviews that he never believed homosexuality was anything other than a [[sin]] in the eyes of God and both denominations prohibited gay sexual behavior. Both churches later disowned him because of his active sexual life, removing him first from leadership positions, then ultimately, firing him.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> He was shunned and "written out of the official histories."<ref>Brett McCracken, ''Hipster Christianity: When Church and Cool Collide'', Baker Books, 2010, ISBN 0-8010-7222-0, ISBN 978-0-8010-7222-2 page 80-1.</ref> As part of his [[ostracism]] from his former churches his work was maligned but he forgave those who tried to discredit him before his death from [[AIDS]] in 1993.<ref name="Frisbee documentary">{{cite video | people = David di Sabatino | title = Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher | medium = Documentary movie | publisher =David Di Sabatino | location = United States | url=http://www.lonniefrisbee.com | year= 2001 }}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Frisbee was raised in a [[single parent|single-parent]] home and was exposed to "sketchy, dangerous characters" as a child.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/><ref name="lost boy"/> Frisbee's brother claimed Frisbee was raped at the age of eight and documentarian David di Sabatino postulated that an incident of that nature "fragments your identity."<ref name=testimony/> His father ran off with another woman and his mother tracked down and married the jilted husband.<ref name="dsw"/> He showed great interest in the arts and cooking.<ref name="dsw"/> He won awards for his paintings and even appeared as a featured dancer on ''[[Shebang!|Shebang]]''.<ref name="dsw"/> He exhibited a "[[bohemian]]" streak and regularly ran away from home.<ref name="dsw"/> As a teen he became part of the drug culture, as part of a spiritual quest,<ref name="dsw"/> and at fifteen he entered [[Laguna Beach]]'s [[gay]] [[subculture|underground]] scene with a friend.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/><ref name="lost boy"/> His "spotty" high school education left him barely able to read and write.<ref name="lost boy"/> At 18 he joined thousands of other flower children and hippies for the [[Summer of Love]] in San Francisco in 1967.<ref>Don Lattin, ''Jesus Freaks: A True Story of Murder and Madness on the Evangelical Edge'', HarperCollins, 2008, ISBN 0-06-111806-0, ISBN 978-0-06-111806-7, pages 31-3.</ref> He described himself as a "[[nudist]]-[[vegetarian]]-hippie".<ref name="mirwor"/>

Frisbee's unofficial [[evangelism]] career began as a part of a soul-searching [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD acid-trip]] as part of a regular "[[turn on, tune in, drop out]]" session of getting [[marijuana|high]].<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> He would often read the Bible while tripping.<ref name="dsw"/> On one pilgrimage with friends to [[Tahquitz Canyon]] outside [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]] instead of looking for meaning again in mysticism and the occult Frisbee started reading the [[Gospel of John]] to the group and eventually led the group to Tahquitz Falls and baptized them.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> A later acid-trip in the same area produced "a vision of a vast sea of people crying out to the Lord for salvation, with Frisbee in front preaching the gospel."<ref name="dsw"/> His "grand vision of spreading Christianity to the masses" alienated his family and friends.<ref name="dsw">David W. Stowe, ''No Sympathy for the Devil: Christian Pop Music and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism'', UNC Press Books, 2011, ISBN 0-8078-3458-0, ISBN 978-0-8078-3458-9, page 23-9.</ref> Frisbee left for [[San Francisco]] where he had won a fellowship to the [[Academy of Art University|San Francisco Art Academy]].<ref name="dsw"/> He soon met members of [[Haight-Ashbury]]'s Living Room mission. At the time, he talked about [[unidentified flying object|UFOs]] and practiced [[hypnotism]] and spoke about dabbling in occult and mysticism.<ref name=mysticism>{{cite web | last=Bill (Wam957) |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvHSP3kT16A |title=The Son Worshipers, 30-minute documentary on the Jesus Movement circa 1971. Edited by Bob Cording and Weldon Hardenbrook. |accessdate=May 18, 2007}}</ref> When Christian missionaries first met him, they said he was talking about "[[Jesus]] and flying saucers". Frisbee converted to [[Christianity]], and joined the first street Christian community, The Living Room, a storefront coffeehouse [[commune]] of four couples in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco started in 1967.<ref name="thousands"/><ref>Stephen J. Nichols. ''Jesus Made in America: A Cultural History from the Puritans to the Passion of the Christ'', InterVarsity Press, 2008, ISBN 0-8308-2849-4, ISBN 978-0-8308-2849-4, pages 124-5.</ref> He quit the art academy and moved to [[Novato, California]] to set up a commune and later reconnected with his former girlfriend Connie whom he then married. The community was soon dubbed The House of Acts after the community of early Christians in the [[Acts of the Apostles]]. Frisbee designed a sign to put outside the house, but was informed that if he gave it an official name, it would no longer be considered a mere guest house and would be subject to renovations. The community took the sign down to avoid the financial obligation. Frisbee continued painting detailed oils including of missions.<ref name="lost boy"/>

==Jesus movement, Calvary Chapel==
Chuck Smith, meanwhile, had been making plans to build a chapel out of a surplus school building in the City of [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], near [[Costa Mesa, California|Costa Mesa]] when he met Frisbee. Smith's daughter's boyfriend John was a former addict who had turned to Christianity and when Smith wanted to meet a hippie John brought home Frisbee who was hitch-hiking so he could meet people to tell about Jesus and salvation.<ref name="lost boy">Greg Laurie, Ellen Vaughn, ''Lost Boy: My Story '', Gospel Light, 2008, ISBN 0-8307-4578-5, ISBN 978-0-8307-4578-4, pages 81-3, 85-9, 106</ref> Frisbee and his wife Connie joined the fledgling [[Calvary Chapel]] congregation and Smith was struck by Frisbee's charisma, "I was not at all prepared for the love that this young man would radiate."<ref name="thousands">{{cite book | last=Balmer | first=Randall |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=syUupeVJOz4C&pg=PP7&dq=%22lonnie+frisbee%22|title=The Encyclopedia of Evangelism, page 227, 303, 532 |accessdate=May 18, 2007}}</ref> Frisbee became one of the most important ministers in the church when on May 17, 1968 Smith put the young couple in charge of the Costa Mesa [[Drug rehabilitation|rehab]] house called "The [[House of Miracles]]" with John Higgins and his wife Jackie, within a week it had 35 new converts. Bunk beds were built in the garage to house all the new converts.<ref name="lost boy"/> Frisbee led the Wednesday night Bible study which soon became the central night for the church attracting thousands.<ref name="thousands"/> Frisbee's attachment to the [[Charismatic (Christians)|charismatic]] [[Pentecostal]] style caused some disagreement within the church since he seemed focused more on gaining converts and experiencing the presence of the [[Holy Spirit]] than on teaching newer converts Biblical doctrine.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> Chuck Smith, however, took up that job and welcomed Frisbee into his church. Frisbee's appearance helped appeal to hippies and those interested in youth culture, and Frisbee believed that the youth culture would play a prominent role in the Christian movement in the United States. He cited [[Joel (prophet)|Joel]] the [[prophet]] and remained upbeat despite what the young couple saw as unbalanced treatment as Frisbee was never paid for his work yet another person was hired full-time as Smith's assistant.<ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But"/>

The country was being swept with a youth movement with California being one of the epicenters.<ref name="wkm">W. K. McNeil, ''Encyclopedia of American gospel music'', Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 0-415-94179-2, ISBN 978-0-415-94179-2, page 59.</ref> The counterculture of hippies and surfers hung around the beaches and music and the resulting dancing was the main form of communication.<ref name="wkm"/> Frisbee would walk the beaches during the day and convert the young people and bring them back to the church for the nightly services.<ref name="wkm"/>

The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to [[Oregon]] to form [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]], the largest and one of the longest lasting of the Jesus People communal groups which had 100,000 members and 175 communal houses spread across [[North America]].<ref name="Regulating Religion">{{cite book | last=Richardson | first=James T. |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w4OH5LOOICIC&dq=%22Shiloh+House%22+communal|title=Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe, (2004) Springer, ISBN 0-306-47887-0 |accessdate=January 9, 2008}}</ref> This may have been the largest Christian communal group in US history.<ref name="Regulating Religion"/>

From 1968 - 1971 Frisbee was a leader in the [[Jesus movement]] bringing in thousands of new converts and his influence over Calvary Chapel leaders including [[Mike MacIntosh]] and [[Greg Laurie]], whom he mentored.<ref name= "The First Jesus Freak orange"/><ref name= "thousands"/>

==Fame==
"[[Jesus Freaks]]", or "Jesus People" as they were often called, were documented in media including the [[Kathryn Kuhlman]] ''I Believe In Miracles'' show where Frisbee was a featured guest talking about Jesus, prophets and quoting scripture.<ref name=freaks>{{cite web | last=Bill (Wam957) |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0-r4XbTJrw |title=Jesus Freaks 4 (part of my collection of rad videos of early 70's Jesus freaks on the Kathryn Kuhlman show) |accessdate=May 17, 2007 }}</ref> By 1971, the [[Jesus Movement]] had broken in the media with major media outlets such as ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', ''[[Newsweek]]'' and ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' covering it. Frisbee, due to his prominence in the movement, was frequently photographed and interviewed. It was also in 1971 that Frisbee and Smith parted ways because their ideological differences had become too great. Smith discounted [[Pentecostal]]ism, maintaining that [[love]] was the greatest manifestation of the [[Holy Spirit]] while Frisbee was strongly involved in theology centering on [[spiritual gifts]] and [[New Testament]] occurrences. Frisbee announced that he would leave California altogether and go to a movement in [[Florida]] led by [[Derek Prince]] and [[Bob Mumford]] which taught a pyramid shepherding style of leadership and was later coined as the [[Shepherding Movement]].<ref name="lost boy"/>

In 1973, the Frisbees divorced because Frisbee's pastor had an affair with his wife. Frisbee mentions this in a sermon he gave at the Vineyard Church in Denver, Colorado, a few years before he died.<ref name=divorce>{{cite web |first=Erik|last=Jansson|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 |title=Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO|accessdate=October 18, 2007 }}</ref> Connie later re-married. Lonnie left the organization.

==Vineyard movement==
Meanwhile, in May 1977 [[John Wimber]] was laying the groundwork for what would become the [[Association of Vineyard Churches]], also known as the [[Vineyard Movement]]. He had witnessed the explosive growth of Calvary Chapel and sought to build a church that embraced the healings and miracles that he had previously been taught were no longer a part of Christian life.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011|reason=assumes Frisbee had a plan to start a denomination rather than just a single congregation.}} He began teaching and preaching about spiritual gifts and healings which did occur but it wasn't until May 1980 when Frisbee testified that the [[charism]]atic gifts of the Holy Spirit took hold of the church. Frisbee was invited by [[John Wimber]] to go to what was then a [[Yorba Linda]] branch of the Calvary Chapel movement, to preach.

Since his early days at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, Frisbee had made a shift in his emphasis from evangelism to the dramatic and demonstrative manifestation of the power of the Holy Spirit. After speaking Frisbee invited all the young people 25 and under to come forward and invited the [[Holy Spirit]] to bring God's power into their lives. Witnesses say it looked like a battlefield as young people fell and began to shake and speak in tongues.<ref name=tongues>{{cite book | last=David A. Roozen, James R. NiemanBalmer |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sujGN-vRdYoC&pg=PA134&dq=%22lonnie+frisbee%22#PPA134,M1 |title=Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times - Page 134 |accessdate=May 18, 2007}}</ref> The young kids, many in Junior High and High School, were so "filled with the Spirit" that they soon started baptizing friends in hot tubs and swimming pools around town. The church catapulted in growth over the next few months and the event is credited with launching the Vineyard Movement.<ref name=Movement>{{cite book | last=Jackson | first=Bill |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sujGN-vRdYoC&pg=PA134&dq=%22lonnie+frisbee%22#PPA132,M1 |title=A Short History of the Association of Vineyard Churches |accessdate=May 18, 2007}}</ref> After this time, Frisbee and Wimber began traveling the world, visiting South Africa and Europe. Frisbee was a much sought-after preacher with his "[[Jesus]]-like" look getting him instant recognition from South Africa to Denmark.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/><ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But"/> While there, they performed many healings and miracles for people.<ref name="mirwor"/> As reported by many who were there, Frisbee was integral to the development of what would later become Wimber's "Signs and Wonders theology".

==Sexuality revealed==
Although Frisbee's homosexuality was documented as a "bit of an open secret in the church community" and that he would "party" on Saturday night then preach Sunday morning, many in the church were unaware of his "other life".<ref name=open>{{cite web | last=Barkonsty|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipvvaPRmqsE |title=trailer for documentary FRISBEE|accessdate=May 18, 2007 }}</ref> Eventually some church officials felt that his inability to overcome what the church considers sexual immorality became too big a hindrance to his ability to minister. An article in ''[[OC Weekly|The Orange County Weekly]]'', headlined "The First Jesus Freak," chronicles Frisbee's life, in which Matt Coker writes, "Chuck Smith Jr. says he was having lunch with Wimber one day when he asked how the pastor reconciled working with a known [[homosexual]] like Frisbee. Wimber asked how the younger Smith knew this. Smith said he’d received a call from a pastor who’d just heard a young man confess to having been in a six-month relationship with Frisbee. Wimber called Smith the next day to say he’d confronted Frisbee, who openly admitted to the affair and agreed to leave."<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange">Coker, Matt. [http://www.ocweekly.com/2005-03-03/features/the-first-jesus-freak/ "The First Jesus Freak"]. ''[[OC Weekly]]'', March 3, 2005. Retrieved May 17, 2007.</ref>

In a 2005 interview by ''[[Christianity Today]]'' film reviewer Peter Chattaway with David Di Sabatino, the documentary director of ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'', the two spoke about addressing Frisbee's homosexuality with his family. Said Di Sabatino, "I brought to light some things that not a lot of people knew. I've been in rooms with his family where I've had to tell them that he defined himself as gay, way back. Nobody knew that. There's a lot of hubris in that, to come to people who loved him and prayed for him, and to stand there and say, "You didn't really know this, but..."<ref name=testimony>{{cite web | last=Chattaway | first=Peter |url= http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=May 17, 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html  |archivedate = May 11, 2007}}</ref> In the same interview Di Sabatino also stated, "His early testimony at Calvary Chapel was that he had come out of the homosexual lifestyle, but he felt like a [[leper]] because a lot of people turned away from him after that, so he took it out of his testimony—and I think that's an indictment of the church."<ref name=testimony>{{cite web | last=Chattaway | first=Peter|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=May 17, 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html  |archivedate = May 11, 2007}}</ref> Di Sabatino commented on Frisbee's homosexuality as a flaw and stated that Frisbee's brother claimed Frisbee was raped at the age of 8 years old and postulated that an incident of that nature "fragments your identity, and now I can't say that I'm surprised at all."<ref name=testimony/> In other research Di Sabatino revealed that Frisbee had come from a broken home and entered into [[Laguna Beach]]'s gay underground scene with a friend when he was fifteen.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/>

==Death==
Frisbee contracted [[AIDS]] and died from complications associated with the condition.<ref name="lost boy"/> At his funeral at the [[Crystal Cathedral]], Calvary Chapel's Chuck Smith eulogized Frisbee as a [[Samson]]-like figure; that being a man through whom God did many great works, but was the victim of his own struggles and temptations.<ref name=funeral>{{cite web |url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5904960697485300854 |title=Video of Lonnie Frisbee Memorial Service at Crystal Cathedral, Chuck Smith, Phil Aguilar and guests...|accessdate=May 18, 2007}}</ref> Some saw this as further maligning Frisbee's work and an inappropriate characterization at a funeral service.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> Others, such as Frisbee friend John Ruttkay, saw the Samson analogy as spot on, and said so at his funeral.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> Frisbee was interred in the Crystal Cathedral Memorial Gardens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9043829|title=Find A Grave: Lonnie Ray Frisbee|publisher=}}</ref>

==''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher''==
[[Jim Palosaari]] narrated ''[[Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher]]'' and the documentary received an [[Emmy Award]] nomination from the [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (San Francisco/NorCal chapter).

Finished in March 2005, ''Frisbee'' was first accepted to the Newport Beach Film Festival where it sold out the Lido Theater not far from where in the late 1960s the Frisbees ran the Blue Top commune, a Christian community of young [[hippie]] believers. The documentary was also accepted to the Mill Valley (2005), Reel Heart (2005), Ragamuffin (2005), San Francisco International Independent (2006), New York Underground (2006) and Philadelphia Gay & Lesbian (2006) film festivals. The edited movie showed on San Francisco's [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] in November 2006, and was released in DVD form in January 2007.

A soundtrack featuring the music of [[The All Saved Freak Band]], [[Agape]], [[Joy (band)|Joy]] and [[Gentle Faith]] was released in May 2007.<ref name=Emmy>{{cite web| url=http://www.christiancinema.com/catalog/newsdesk_info.php?newsdesk_id=344 |title=Documentary on Hippie Preacher Receives Emmy Award Nomination |accessdate=May 17, 2007 }}</ref> A pre-release version of the DVD was produced that featured 21 recordings of songs by [[Larry Norman]] alone,<ref>Mike Rimmer, "Larry Norman - Frisbee", Cross Rhythms (September 8, 2005 ), http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Larry_Norman/Frisbee/13328/; Jim Böthel, "Frisbee (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/Frisbee_CD.htm</ref> as well as others by [[Randy Stonehill]], Love Song, Fred Caban, [[Mark Heard]], and Stonewood Cross. However, due to licensing issues most of the music was changed for the final release.<ref>Jim Böthel, "Slinky (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/slinky.htm</ref>

==See also==

* [[Duane Pederson]]
* [[Jesus music]]
* [[Mel White]]
* [[Troy D. Perry]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

* {{cite book|last=Young|first=Shawn David|title=Hippies, Jesus Freaks, and Music|publisher=Ann Arbor: Xanedu/Copley Original Works|year=2005|isbn=1-59399-201-7}}

==External links==
* {{FAG|9043829}}
* [http://www.lonniefrisbee.com ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'', official site]
* {{IMDb title|id=0465467|title=Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher}}
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5650095788085070833 Lonnie Frisbee's testimony (preaching)] on Mother's Day at Pastor John Wimber's Church, May 11, 1988, part 2; audio only with extensive photo slideshow. It is believed by some that this very meeting inspired the Vineyard Church movement (trailer on video gives date of 5-11-88, however vineyardusa.org states that this occurred in 1980).
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 Lonnie Frisbee ministering] at Tom Stipe’s Vineyard Christian Fellowship in Denver, Colorado
* [http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%22lonnie+frisbee%22&search_type= Lonnie Frisbee related videos on YouTube]
* [http://www.lonniefrisbee.com/images/typical-photo/Lonnie-face-2.jpg photo of Frisbee]

{{Authority control|VIAF=223907392}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Frisbee, Lonnie
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American pastor
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 6, 1949
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Costa Mesa, California|Costa Mesa]], [[California]], [[United States of America|United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH = March 12, 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Orange County, California]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frisbee, Lonnie}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Protestants]]
[[Category:American Charismatics]]
[[Category:American Christian clergy]]
[[Category:American evangelicals]]
[[Category:American Pentecostals]]
[[Category:Charismatic and Pentecostal Christianity]]
[[Category:Jesus movement]]
[[Category:Hippie films]]
[[Category:LGBT Christian clergy]]
[[Category:LGBT people from the United States]]
[[Category:Religious scandals]]
[[Category:Christian mystics]]

Herman Zanstra

2015-04-25T17:26:33Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 8887466 -> 233756423

'''Herman Zanstra''' (November 3, 1894, [[Schoterland]] – October 2, 1972, [[Haarlem]]) was a [[Dutch people|Frisian/Dutch]] [[astronomer]].

Zanstra was born near [[Heerenveen]] in [[Friesland]]. In 1917 he graduated with an [[Engineer's degree]] in [[chemical engineering]] from the [[Delft Institute of Technology]]. While working in [[Delft]] for four years, the last two as a high school teacher, he wrote a highly theoretical and mathematical paper on relative motion which he sent to [[William Francis Gray Swann]]. Swann, then offered him to earn a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] degree in theoretical physics with him at the [[University of Minnesota]] at [[Minneapolis]], which he did in two years time by expanding on his paper (dissertation: ''A Study of Relative Motion in Connection with Classical Mechanics'', 1923). After another year with Swann, now in [[Chicago]], and a year at various labs in the Netherlands and Germany and two months at [[Niels Bohr]]'s lab in [[Copenhagen]], he became a postdoc at [[Caltech]]. Here he wrote a famous paper, ''An Application of the Quantum Theory to the Luminosity of Diffuse Nebulae'', which for the first time provided a quantitative method (the "[[Zanstra method]]") for understanding the luminosity of [[nebula]]s and [[comet]]s.

After teaching briefly at the [[University of Washington]] he went to London and eventually to the [[University of Amsterdam]]. [[World War II]] left him stranded in [[South Africa]], and he therefore took up a teaching position in [[Durban]], but returned to Europe after the war.

He won the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1961.

The lunar crater [[Zanstra (crater)|Zanstra]] is named after him,<ref>{{cite web|title=Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Zanstra on Moon|url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6700|website=Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature|publisher=IAU|accessdate=27 June 2014}}</ref> as is [[Asteroid]] [[2945 Zanstra]].<ref name="Encyclopedia of Astronomers">{{cite book|last1=Hockey|first1=Thomas et al.|title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|date=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-31022-0|pages=1257–1258}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.shpltd.co.uk/osterbrock-herman.pdf Bio and discussion of the Zanstra method]

{{Authority control|VIAF=233756423}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Zanstra, Herman
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Dutch astronomer
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 3, 1894
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = October 2, 1972
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zanstra, Herman}}
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]
[[Category:Dutch astronomers]]
[[Category:Delft University of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:People from Heerenveen]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]]

Samuel Young (Politiker, 1779)

2015-04-25T17:25:14Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 1559500 -> 12652332

'''Samuel Young''' (1779, [[Lenox, Massachusetts|Lenox]], [[Berkshire County, Massachusetts]] – November 3, 1850 [[Ballston, New York|Ballston]], [[Saratoga County, New York]]) was an American lawyer and politician.

==Life==
In 1813, he was Moderator of the Board of Supervisors of Saratoga County.

He was a member of the [[New York State Assembly]] (Saratoga Co.) in [[37th New York State Legislature|1814]] and [[38th New York State Legislature|1814–15]]; and was [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly|Speaker]] in 1814-15.

From 1816 to 1840, he was a member of the [[Erie Canal Commission]].

He was a member of the [[New York State Senate]] (Eastern D.) from 1818 to 1821, sitting in the [[41st New York State Legislature|41st]], [[42nd New York State Legislature|42nd]], [[43rd New York State Legislature|43rd]] and [[44th New York State Legislature]]s. In [[United States Senate election in New York, 1819/1820|1819]]. he was the Bucktails candidate for [[U.S. Senator from New York]], but due to a three-cornered contest with Clintonian [[John C. Spencer]] and Federalist [[Rufus King]], no-one was elected. Young was a delegate to the [[New York State Constitutional Convention]] of 1821.

In 1824 he was the [[Bucktails]] [[New York gubernatorial elections|candidate]] for [[Governor of New York]], but lost to [[DeWitt Clinton]]. He was again a member of the State Assembly (Saratoga Co.) in [[49th New York State Legislature|1826]], and was Speaker. From 1833 to 1838, he was First Judge of the Saratoga County Court.

He was again a member of the State Senate (4th D.) from 1835 to 1836, sitting in the [[58th New York State Legislature|58th]] and [[59th New York State Legislature]]s. He resigned his seat on May 22, 1836. In November of the same year he was re-elected to the State Senate and served from 1837 to 1840, sitting in the [[60th New York State Legislature|60th]], [[61st New York State Legislature|61st]], [[62nd New York State Legislature|62nd]] and [[63rd New York State Legislature]]s.

He was [[Secretary of State of New York]] from 1842 to 1845. He was again a member of the State Senate (4th D.) from 1846 to 1847, sitting in the [[69th New York State Legislature|69th]] and [[70th New York State Legislature]]s.

He was Chairman of the [[Barnburners and Hunkers|Barnburners]] state convention which met on June 22, 1848, at [[Utica, New York]] and nominated [[Martin Van Buren]] for [[U.S. President]].

He was buried at Briggs Cemetery in [[Ballston Spa, New York]].

==Sources==
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/young8.html] Political Graveyard
*[[Jabez Delano Hammond]]: ''The History of Political Parties in the State of New York'' (Baltimore, 1850)
*[http://www.rootsweb.com/~nysarato/Sylvester/chap19.html] ''History of Saratoga County'' by Nathaniel Bartlett Sylvester (1878)
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA33 ''The New York Civil List''] compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 33, 42, 131, 147, 318 and 364; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | before = [[James Emott]] | title = [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly]] | years = 1814–1815 | after = [[Daniel Cruger]]}}
{{succession box | before = [[Clarkson Crolius]] | title = [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly]] | years = 1826 | after = [[Erastus Root]]}}
{{s-par|us-ny-sen}}
{{succession box | before = [[Louis Hasbrouck]] | title = [[New York State Senate]] Fourth District (Class 2) | years = 1835–1840 | after = [[John W. Taylor (politician)|John W. Taylor]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | before= [[Archibald Campbell (New York)|Archibald Campbell]] Acting | title = [[Secretary of State of New York]] | years = 1842–1845 | after = [[Nathaniel S. Benton]]}}
{{s-par|us-ny-sen}}
{{succession box | before = [[Edmund Varney]] | title = [[New York State Senate]] Fourth District (Class 3) | years = 1846–1847 | after = district abolished}}
{{s-end}}

{{SpeakerNYAssembly}}
{{New York Secretary of State}}
{{Erie Canal Commissioner}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=12652332}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Young, Samuel
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1779
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = November 3, 1850
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Samuel}}
[[Category:1779 births]]
[[Category:1850 deaths]]
[[Category:Speakers of the New York State Assembly]]
[[Category:Erie Canal Commissioners]]
[[Category:New York State Senators]]
[[Category:Secretaries of State of New York]]
[[Category:People from Berkshire County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from Ballston Spa, New York]]
[[Category:Burials in Saratoga County, New York]]

Jody Williams (Bluesmusiker)

2015-04-25T17:06:05Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 33703410 -> 261167934

{{Other uses|Jody Williams (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Jody Williams
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Joseph Leon Williams
| alias = Little Papa Joe, Little Joe Lee
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1935|2|3}}
| birth_place = [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Alabama]], [[United States]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| origin = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], United States
| instrument = [[Electric guitar]], [[vocals]]
| genre = [[Blues]]
| occupation =
| years_active = 1954–1960s, 2000–present
| label = Blue Lake, [[Argo Records|Argo]], Nike, Jive, [[Smash Records|Smash]], Yulando, Evidence
| associated_acts =
| website =
| notable_instruments =
}}
'''Joseph Leon Williams''' (born February 3, 1935), better known as '''Jody Williams''', is an American [[blues]] guitarist and singer. His singular guitar playing, marked by flamboyant [[Finger vibrato|string-bending]], imaginative [[chord voicings]] and a distinctive [[Timbre|tone]], was influential in the [[Chicago blues]] scene of the 1950s.

In 2013, Williams was inducted to the [[Blues Hall of Fame]].<ref name="BHOF">{{cite web|url=https://www.blues.org/#ref=index|title=2013 Blues Hall of Fame Inductees Announced|publisher=Blues.org|accessdate=2013-03-06}}</ref>

==Career==
In the mid-1950s, Williams was one of the most sought-after [[session musician|session guitarists]] in [[Chicago]], yet he was little known outside the music industry since his name rarely appeared on discs. His acclaimed comeback in 2000 led to a resurgence of interest in Williams’ early work, and his reappraisal as one of the great [[blues]] guitarists.<ref name=Dahl>Dahl, Bill (2002). ''Return Of A Legend'' [CD liner notes].</ref>

===Chicago heyday===
Born in [[Mobile, Alabama]], [[United States]], Williams moved to Chicago at the age of five. His first instrument was the [[harmonica]], which he swapped for the [[guitar]] after hearing [[Bo Diddley]] play at a talent show where they were both performing. Diddley, seven years his senior, took Williams under his wing and taught him the rudiments of guitar. By 1951 Williams and Diddley were playing on the street together, with Williams providing backing to Diddley's vocals, accompanied by Roosevelt Jackson on [[washtub]] bass.<ref name=Dahl /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.tripod.com/~Originator_2/musicians.html |title=BO DIDDLEY - The Originator |publisher=Members.tripod.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-30}}</ref> Williams cut his teeth gigging with a string of blues musicians, notably [[Memphis Minnie]], [[Elmore James]] and [[Otis Spann]]. After touring with [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] [[piano]] player [[Charles Brown (musician)|Charles Brown]], Williams established himself as a session player with [[Chess Records]].<ref name=Dahl />

At Chess, Williams met [[Howlin’ Wolf]], recently arrived in Chicago from [[Memphis, Tennessee]], and was hired by Wolf as the first guitarist in his new Chicago-based band. A year later [[Hubert Sumlin]] moved to Chicago to join Wolf's band, and the dual guitars of Williams and Sumlin are featured on Howlin’ Wolf’s 1954 singles, "[[Evil (Howlin' Wolf song)|Evil Is Going On]]", and "[[Forty Four]]", and on the 1955 releases, "Who Will Be Next" and "Come To Me Baby." Williams also provided backing on Otis Spann’s 1954 release, "It Must Have Been The Devil", that features lead guitar work from [[B. B. King]], one of Williams’ early heroes and a big influence on his playing.<ref name=Dahl />

Williams’ solo career began in December 1955 with the upbeat [[saxophone]]-driven "Lookin' For My Baby", released under the name Little Papa Joe on the [[Blue Lake Records|Blue Lake]] label. The label closed a few months later, leaving his slide guitar performance on "Groaning My Blues Away" unreleased. By this time, Williams was highly sought after as a session guitarist, and his virtuosity in this capacity is well illustrated by his blistering lead guitar work on Bo Diddley's "[[Who Do You Love? (Bo Diddley song)|Who Do You Love?]]",<ref name=Dahl /> a hit for [[Checker Records]] in 1956. (Rock musician [[Marshall Crenshaw]] listed Williams' guitar solo on "Who Do You Love" as one of the greatest guitar solos ever recorded.<ref>[http://www.thereducers.com/clippings/musician.php ]{{dead link|date=December 2011}}</ref>) Other notable session work from the 1950s include lead guitar parts on [[Billy Boy Arnold]]'s "I Ain't Got You" and "I Wish You Would", [[Jimmy Rogers]]’ "One Kiss", [[Jimmy Witherspoon]]’s "[[Ain't Nobody's Business]]" and [[Otis Rush]]’s "Three Times A Fool".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deltagrooveproductions.com/music/newsletters/2007/05may.html |title=Backstage Pass |author=Scott Dirks |publisher=Deltagrooveproductions.com |accessdate=2012-12-10}}</ref>

In 1957, Williams released "You May" on [[Argo Records]], with the inventive b-side instrumental "Lucky Lou", the extraordinary opening [[riff]] of which Otis Rush copied on his 1958 [[Cobra Records]] side "[[All Your Love (I Miss Loving)]]".<ref name=Dahl /> Further evidence of Williams’ influence on Rush (they played on a number of sessions together) is Rush’s solo on [[Buddy Guy]]’s 1958 debut, "Sit And Cry (The Blues)", copied almost exactly from Williams’ "You May".<ref name=Dahl />

===Disullusionment with music business===
The frequency with which Williams found his distinctive guitar phrases being copied without credit led to increasing disenchantment with the music business. When the distinctive riff he created for [[Billy Stewart]]'s 1956 Argo release, "Billy's Blues", was appropriated by [[Mickey Baker]] for the [[Mickey & Sylvia]] hit, "[[Love Is Strange]]", Chess Records took legal action. At the conclusion of the case in 1961, Williams gained neither credit nor compensation.<ref name=Dahl /> "I was ripped off," Williams later told John Sinkevics in the ''[[Grand Rapids Press]]''.<ref>Sinkevics, John (June 14, 2004). ''[[Grand Rapids Press]]''. p. D1.</ref> In the early 1960s, Williams was making a living gigging with his Big 3 Trio (distinct from [[Willie Dixon]]’s group of the same name), but by the end of the decade, he had retired from the music industry altogether. He studied [[electronics]] and eventually became a technical engineer for [[Xerox]], his job for over 25 years.

===Comeback===
Only after his retirement did he consider picking up his guitar again, which had laid untouched under his bed all the while. "One day my wife said if I started playing again I might feel better about life in general," he told Hoekstra of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''.<ref>Hoekstra, Dave (May 31, 2002). ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''. p. 22.</ref> In March 2000, he went to see his old friend [[Robert Lockwood, Jr.]] play, and grew nostalgic for his music days. Back at home, an old tape of himself playing moved him to tears and inspired him to pick up his guitar again.<ref name=Dahl /> He returned to playing in public in June 2000, when he was featured at a club gig during the 2000 [[Chicago Blues Festival]]. He gained much encouragement in this period from Dick Shurman, who eventually produced his comeback album, ''Return of a Legend'' (2002), on which his bold playing belies his thirty-year break from music.<ref name=Dahl /> "He plays with a verve and vigor that sound as good today as it did on the classic records," wrote ''[[Vintage Guitar]]'' magazine.<ref>[http://www.vintageguitar.com/features/music/details.asp?AID=1672 ]{{dead link|date=December 2012}}</ref>

Williams continues to perform around the world, mainly at large blues festivals, and can often be seen sitting in with blues guitarist [[Billy Flynn (musician)|Billy Flynn]] at Chicago club appearances.

==Technique==
Williams is known for his imaginative [[chord (music)|chord]] selection, characterized by [[Augmented fifth|raised fives]], and [[Added tone chord|minor sixths]] and [[Minor seventh chord|minor sevenths]] with [[Half-diminished seventh chord|flattened fives]]. He usually plays with an unusual [[open E tuning]], originally taught to him by [[Bo Diddley]].<ref name=Dahl />

==Discography==
===Singles===
* 1956 – "Looking For My Baby" / "Easy Lovin’" (Blue Lake 116) (as Little Papa Joe)
* 1957 – "You May" / "Lucky Lou" ([[Argo Records|Argo]] 5274) (as Little Joe Lee)
* 1963 – "Lonely Without You" / "Moanin’ For Molasses" (Nike 1013)
* 1963 – "Lonely Without You" / "Time For A Change" (Jive J-1004)
* 1963 – "Hideout" / "Moanin’ For Molasses" ([[Smash Records|Smash]] 1801)
* 1966 – "Lonely Without You" / "Time For A Change" (Yulando R-133-8665)

===Albums===
* 2002 – ''Return Of A Legend'' (Evidence ECD 26120)
* 2004 – ''You Left Me In The Dark'' (Evidence ECD 26130)

===Appearances as guitarist===
* 1954 – [[Howlin’ Wolf]], "[[Evil (Howlin' Wolf song)|Evil Is Going On]]" / "Baby How Long" ([[Chess Records|Chess]] 1575)
* 1954 – Howlin’ Wolf, "Forty Four" / "I’ll Be Around" (Chess 1584)
* 1954 – [[Otis Spann]], "It Must Have Been The Devil" / "Five Spot" ([[Checker Records|Checker]] 807)
* 1955 – Howlin’ Wolf, "Who Will Be Next" / "I Have A Little Girl" (Chess 1593)
* 1955 – Howlin’ Wolf, "Come To Me Baby" / "Don’t Mess With Me Baby" (Chess 1607)
* 1955 – [[Sonny Boy Williamson II]], "Don’t Start Me Talkin’" / "All My Love In Vain" (Checker 824)
* 1955 – [[Billy Boy Arnold]], "I Was Fooled" / "I Wish You Would" ([[Vee-Jay Records|Vee-Jay]] VJ 146)
* 1955 – Earl Phillips, "Oop De Oop" / "Nothing But Love" (Vee-Jay VJ 158)
* 1955 – [[Bo Diddley]], "[[Diddy Wah Diddy]]" / "I’m Looking For A Woman" (Checker 832)
* 1956 – Billy Boy Arnold, "Don’t Stay Out All Night" / "I Ain’t Got You" (Vee-Jay VJ171)
* 1956 – Lu Mac, "Albert Is His Name" / "I’ll Never Let Him Know" (Blue Lake 117)
* 1956 – Bo Diddley, "[[Who Do You Love? (Bo Diddley song)|Who Do You Love?]]" / "I’m Bad" (Checker 842)
* 1956 – [[Floyd Dixon]], "Alarm Clock Blue"s / "I’m Ashamed Of Myself" (Checker 857)
* 1956 – [[Bobby Charles]], "Why Did You Leave" / "Don’t You Know I Love You" (Chess 1617)
* 1956 – [[Billy Stewart]], "Billy’s Blues (Part 1)" / "Billy’s Blues (Part 2)" (Chess 1625 and Argo 5256)
* 1956 – Billy Boy Arnold, "Here’s My Picture" / "You Got Me Wrong" (Vee-Jay VJ 192)
* 1957 – [[Jimmy Rogers]], "One Kiss" / "I Can’t Believe" (Chess 1659)
* 1957 – [[Otis Rush]], "Groaning The Blues" / "If You Were Mine" ([[Cobra Records|Cobra]] 5010)
* 1957 – Harold Burrage, "Messed Up" / "I Don’t Care Who Knows" (Cobra 5012)
* 1958 – Howlin’ Wolf, "I Didn’t Know" / "Moanin’ For My Baby" (Chess 1695)
* 1958 – Otis Rush, "Three Times A Fool" / "She’s A Good ‘Un" (Cobra 5023)
* 1959 – [[Bobby Davis (musician)|Bobby Davis]], "I Was Wrong" / "Hype You Into Sellin’ (Your Head)" (Bandera 2505)
* 1959 – Bo Diddley, "Dancing Girl" (on ''Have Guitar Will Travel'': Checker LP 2974)
* 1960 – Bobby Davis and the Big “3” Trio, "One Love Have I" / "She’s A Problem" (Bandera 2508)
* 1964 – Billy Boy Arnold, "I Wish You Would" / "Prisoner’s Plea" (Vivid 109)
* 2007 – [[The Mannish Boys]], "Groan My Blues Away" / "Young & Tender" (on ''Big Plans'': Delta Groove DGPCD 116)

===Tracks issued later than their recording date===
* 1976 – [[J. T. Brown (musician)|J. T. Brown]], "Lonely (As A Man Can Be)" / "Going Home To My Baby" / "It's A Shame To Tell The People" / "When I Was A Lad" / "Use That Spot" (''Windy City Boogie'': Pearl PL-9; recorded 1956)
* 1979 – Harold Burrage, "I Love My Baby" (on ''Rockin’ Wild'': P-Vine PLP-9021; recorded 1957)
* 1982 – [[Willie Dixon]], "Firey Love" (on ''Blues Roots Series Vol. 12'': Chess LP 6.24802AG; recorded 1957)
* 1989 – Jody Williams, "Moaning Blues (Groan My Blues Away)" / "What A Fool I’ve Been (I Feel So All Alone)" (on ''Cool Playing Blues'': Relic LP 8025/CD 7016; recorded 1955)
* 1990 – [[Jimmy Witherspoon]], "Congratulations" / "Ain’t Nobody’s Business" (on ''Spoon So Easy'': Chess CH-93003; recorded 1956)
* 1991 – Jody Williams, "What Kind Of Gal Is That?" (on ''The Blues Vol. 6'': Chess/MCA CH/CHD 9330; recorded 1957)
* 1995 – [[Willie Dixon]], All The Time (on ''The Original Wang Dang Doodle'': Chess/MCA CHD-9353; recorded 1957)
* 1996 – [[Bobby Charles]], "Watch It, Sprocket" / "Hey Good Lookin’" (on ''Chess Masters'': MCA Victor MVCM-22078; recorded 1956)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p21444|label=Jody Williams}}
*[http://koti.mbnet.fi/wdd/jodywilliams.htm Koti.mbnet.fi]
*[http://www.deltagrooveproductions.com/music/newsletters/2007/05may.html Deltagrooveproductions.com]

{{Authority control|VIAF=261167934}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Williams, Joseph Leon
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Williams, Jody
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American [[blues]] guitarist and singer
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 3, 1935
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Mobile, Alabama]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, Jody}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mobile, Alabama]]
[[Category:Chicago blues musicians]]
[[Category:Electric blues musicians]]
[[Category:African-American musicians]]
[[Category:American blues singers]]
[[Category:American blues guitarists]]
[[Category:Blues Hall of Fame inductees]]

James Whitmore, Jr.

2015-04-25T17:01:34Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 170558555 -> 75282549

{{Infobox person
| bgcolour = Green
| name = James Whitmore, Jr.
| image = James Garner James Whitmore Jr. Rockford Files 1977.JPG
| imagesize =
| caption = James Whitmore, Jr. (left) as Freddie Beamer in ''[[The Rockford Files]]'', listening as [[Jim Rockford (television character)|Jim Rockford]] ([[James Garner]]) speaks to him.
| birth_name = James Allen Whitmore III
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|10|24}}
| birth_place = [[Manhattan]], [[New York]], U.S.
| othername =
| occupation = Actor, television director
| website =
| notable role =
| academyawards =
}}

'''James Allen Whitmore III''' (born October 24, 1948), better known as '''James Whitmore, Jr.''', is an American actor best known for his role as Captain Jim Gutterman on the [[television program]] ''[[Baa Baa Black Sheep (TV series)|Baa Baa Black Sheep]]'' (later known as ''Black Sheep Squadron''), and (since the 1980s) a [[television director]]. He is the son of actor [[James Whitmore]].<ref>[http://peterboroughplayers.com/james-whitmore-jr James Whitmore, Jr.], Peterborough Players</ref>

==Life and career==
Born in [[Manhattan]], [[New York]], Whitmore has had recurring guest-starring roles on the TV series ''[[The Rockford Files]]'' and ''[[Hunter (U.S. TV series)|Hunter]]''. He also appeared in two episodes of ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]'' and an episode of ''[[Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' before directing many episodes of series by [[Donald P. Bellisario]], the creator of ''Magnum'' and a writer on ''Galactica.''<ref name="Film Reference"/>

Whitmore has the distinction of occasionally acting in the episodes he directs, such as two episodes of ''[[Quantum Leap (TV series)|Quantum Leap]]'' ("8 1/2 Months," and "Trilogy, Pt. 1"). In that series as well as several others, he played different characters in each appearance, rather than recurring roles.<ref name="Film Reference">[http://www.filmreference.com/film/9/James-Whitmore-Jr.html James Whitmore, Jr. Biography (1948-)], Film Reference</ref>

In addition to directing episodes of shows for Bellisario (''Quantum Leap,'' ''[[Tequila and Bonetti]],'' ''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]'', ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'', and ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''), Whitmore directed episodes of more than one series for [[Joss Whedon]]. Whitmore directed the final episodes of two different series (''[[Dawson's Creek]]'' and the aforementioned ''Quantum Leap''). After ''Leap'', Whitmore would again direct [[Scott Bakula]] in episodes of ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', ''[[NCIS: New Orleans]]'' (including the [[Dean Stockwell]] reunion episode) and ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1996 TV series)|Mr. and Mrs. Smith]].'' He would also direct [[David Boreanaz]] in both ''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'' and ''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]''. ''[[The Pretender (TV series)|The Pretender]]'' reunited Whitmore with much of the same writing staff as ''Quantum Leap''.

== Director's filmography ==
* ''[[21 Jump Street]]'' (8 episodes)
* ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' (6 episodes, all from Day 2)
* ''[[Angel (1999 TV series)|Angel]]'' (1 episode)
* ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'' (11 episodes)
* ''[[Bones (TV series)|Bones]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Brooklyn South]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' (5 episodes)
* ''[[The Cleaner (TV series)|The Cleaner]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Cold Case]]'' (6 episodes)
* ''[[The Commish]]'' (8 episodes)
* ''[[Dark Angel (TV series)|Dark Angel]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Dawson's Creek]]'' (6 episodes)
* ''[[Dead Like Me]]'' (4 episodes)
* ''[[Ferris Bueller (TV series)|Ferris Bueller]]'' (1 episode)
* ''[[Get Real (U.S. TV series)|Get Real]]'' (3 episodes)
* ''[[The Good Wife]]'' (4 episodes)
* ''[[Hunter (U.S. TV series)|Hunter]]'' (23 episodes)
* ''[[JAG (TV series)|JAG]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Jericho (2006 TV series)|Jericho]]'' (3 episodes)
* ''[[Las Vegas (TV series)|Las Vegas]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Madam Secretary (TV series)|Madam Secretary]]'' (1 episode)
* ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1996 TV series)|Mr. and Mrs. Smith]]'' (1 episode)
* ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' (20 episodes)
* ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]'' (7 episodes)
* ''[[Nowhere Man (TV series)|Nowhere Man]]'' (3 episodes)
* ''[[Person of Interest (TV series)|Person of Interest]]'' (1 episode)
* ''[[The Pretender (TV series)|The Pretender]]'' (7 episodes)
* ''[[Profiler (TV series)|Profiler]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Providence (TV series)|Providence]]'' (3 episodes)
* ''[[Quantum Leap (TV series)|Quantum Leap]]'' (15 episodes)
* ''[[Roswell (TV series)|Roswell]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' (2 episodes)
* ''[[Tequila and Bonetti]]'' (4 episodes)
* ''[[The Unit]]'' (5 episodes)
* ''[[Witchblade]]'' (4 episodes)
* ''[[NCIS: New Orleans]]'' (first half of the [[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]] backdoor pilot)

==Actor's filmography==
* ''[[Airwolf]]'' (2 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[Baa Baa Black Sheep (TV series)|Baa Baa Black Sheep]]'' (regular character: Capt. James Gutterman)
* ''[[The Greatest American Hero]]'' (3 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[Hardcastle & McCormick]]'' (2 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[Hunter (U.S. TV series)|Hunter]]'' (19 episodes: Sgt. Bernie Terwilliger)
* ''[[Lou Grant (TV series)|Lou Grant]]'' (2 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]'' (2 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[Quantum Leap (TV series)|Quantum Leap]]'' (3 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[The Rockford Files]]'' (2 episodes: Freddie Beamer)
* ''[[Simon & Simon]]'' (3 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[The Twilight Zone]]'' (1980s series) (2 episodes: different characters)
* ''[[The Boys in Company C]]'' 1978 as Lieutenant Archer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0926215}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=75282549}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Whitmore, James, Jr.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Actor, television director
| DATE OF BIRTH = October 24, 1948
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Manhattan, New York, U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Whitmore, James, Jr.}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from New York City]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:American television directors]]
[[Category:People from Manhattan]]

Sheikh Noor-ud-din Wali

2015-04-25T16:44:51Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 30370894 -> 263604348

{{multiple issues|
{{expert-subject|date=August 2013|Reason=Expert on Islamic history in Kashmir valley needed to verify facts with original sources}}
{{POV|date=August 2013|Reason=Article is has non-neutral stance}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2013}}
{{Original research|reason=Content is sourced to a website on which specifies the source of content as being Wikipedia|date=February 2011}}
{{cleanup|reason=Unencyclopedic tone and style, hagiography, lack of academic sourcing|date=October 2012}}
}}

'''Nund Rishi''', also known as '''Sheikh Noor-ud-din''', was a Kashmiri saint who belonged to the [[Rishi order]]. In various circles, he is also called as Alamdar-e-Kashmir and Sheikh-ul-Alam (these names were given by Mir Mohammad Hamdani for him)<ref>khat irshad by mir mohammad hamadani in khanqa e moulla</ref> and is the patron saint of Kashmiris, highly revered by both Muslims and Hindus.<ref name="koausa.org">[http://www.koausa.org/KashmiriGems/NundReshi1.html]</ref> He is known as Sahazanand among Kashmiri Hindus <ref name="koausa.org"/>

==Biography==
Nund Rishi was born in a village called Qaimoh (old name Katimusha) in [[Kulgam district]], which is 10 km from [[Anantnag]] and 60 km South east of [[Srinagar]] in the year 3649 [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] Calendar/1377 [[Common Era|CE]], corresponding to 779 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]].<ref name=spreadofislam>[http://www.soqte.org/articles/spreadofislam.html Soqte:School Of Orthoepy Quran And Theology::Kashmir]</ref> His father's name was Shaikh Salar-ud-din his mother Sadra, was called Sadra Moji or Sadra Deddi. In Kashmir, Moji means 'mother' and Deddi denotes 'elderly.' Both the parents were well known for their piety.

When Nur-ud-din grew up, his stepbrothers began to trouble him. They were rogues, while he was saintly. Once or twice he accompanied them to find work but felt that he could not be happy with them. He was then apprenticed to a couple of traders, one after the other. There, too, he felt disgusted with the ways of the world, and, deciding upon renunciation, retired to caves for meditation at the age of thirty. It is said that he lived for twelve years in the wilderness. Hence, perhaps, kaimuh is given the derivation of kai-wan (or ban, a forest) in rustic belief. The actual cave of contemplation is shown in kaimuh and is about 10 feet deep. In his last days, the saint sustained life on one cup of milk daily. Finally, he reduced himself to water alone, and died at the age of 63, in the reign of sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, in 842 A. H. = 1438 A.C. Shams-ul-Arifin or 'the sun of the pious' is the [[chronogram]] which gives the date of his death. The Sultan accompanied his bier to the grave. The burial prayers were led by a great divine or 'Alim of the age, Makhdum Baba Usman Uchchap Ganai. The tomb of Shaikh Nur-ud-din at [[Charari Sharief]], a small town perched on a dry bare hill, 20 miles south west of Srinagar, is visited by thousands of people to the present day.

During his lifetime, he witnessed much change in the valley, from [[Hinduism]] to [[Islam]]. Various historical events helped to shape his mind in such a manner that he produced some works of philosophy, in his own manner of verses and poetry.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}

Sheikh ul-Alam was deeply affected by such events and this is apparent in a majority of his verses. The biggest event that occurred in the Sheikh's childhood was the coming of another Muslim preacher, Amir Kabir [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani|Mir Syed Hamadani]], to Kashmir. Shah Hamadan, as he was popularly called, came to Kashmir in September 1372 CE, 1379 CE and the third time in the year 1383 CE.

Shaikh Nur-ud-din- appears to have married Zai Ded from [[Dadasara, Tral]], Pulwama( her father Akber-u-Din and two brothers "Kamal-u-din" and "Jamal-u-din" are buried at Dadasara Tral) and had two sons and one daughter. On the death of the children, Zai Ded also renounced the world, and became a [[hermit]]. She was buried at Kaimuh on her death.

The simplicity and purity of Shaikh Nur-ud-din's life have deeply impressed the Kashmiri who entertains the highest veneration for the saint. In fact, the Afghan governor, Ata Muhammad Khan, gave, as it were, expression to public sentiment when coins were struck by him in the name of Shaikh Nur-ud-din in 1223-25 A.H. (1808-10 CE).{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

==Works==
He used his poetry as tool to spread the knowledge of [[Islam]]. His poetry is commonly known as ''Shrukhs''. [[Tawhid]], [[Risala]], Ma'ad, human [[lust]] etc. are main subjects of his poetry. He vehemently criticized the so-called Mullas and other pseudo-scholars of Islam .{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

He was a man of innate foresight and intuitive knowledge. One of his most famous and oft quoted couplets is (Kashmiri:"Ann poshi teli yeli wann poshi") meaning 'Food will last as long as forests last'<ref>[http://www.ikashmir.net/kashmirigems/nundreshi1.html Gems of Kashmiri Literature and Kashmiriyat by P.N. Razdan (Mahanori)]</ref> [[Lal Ded]] the famous [[Kashmir Shaivism|Shaivite]] poetess of Kashmir was his contemporary. She had a great impact on his spiritual growth. He has in one of his poems prayed to God to grant him the same level of spiritual achievement as God had bestowed on Lal Ded.<ref name="J. Odin 2013">[[Jaishree Odin]], Lalla to Nuruddin: Rishi-Sufi Poetry of Kashmir. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (2013)</ref>

His sayings are preserved in the Nur-nama, commonly available in Kashmir. The Nur-nama also gives the life of the saint. It was written by Baba Nasib-ud-din Ghazi in Persian about two centuries after the death of Shaikh Nur-ud-din.<ref name=spreadofislam/><ref name="J. Odin 2013"/>
Anecdotes of the life of this 'chief of the Rishis' are on the lips of the people throughout the valley.

The [[University of Kashmir]] has honored his name by creating the Shaikh-ul-Alam Chair.

==Shrine==
The shrine of Sheikh-ul-Alam, in addition to the structure itself, comprises attached [[Khanqah]]s, inns for the pilgrims is a place of pilgrimage for Kashmiris of all communities. The shrine contained 600 years old handmade [[Persian Empire|Persian]] and [[Kashmir]] [[carpets]], ancient objects and scrolls, some antique copies of the [[Quran]], extremely precious cut-glass chandeliers etc., all which were reduced to smoke and ashes during a firefight between the Indian army and militants on April 11, 1995.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} The shrine has been rebuilt although the adjoining Khanqah is still under construction.

==Death==
He died at the age of 63 years in the year of 1440 CE or 842 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Authority control|VIAF=263604348}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Wali, Noor-Ud-Din
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =Nund Reshi
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Kashmiri poet
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1377
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Qaimoh Kulgam
| DATE OF DEATH = 1440
| PLACE OF DEATH =charisharief(Budgam)
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wali, Noor-Ud-Din}}
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri poets]]
[[Category:1377 births]]
[[Category:1440 deaths]]
[[Category:Dard people]]
[[Category:People from Kulgam district]]

Edmund Tilney

2015-04-25T16:27:06Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 40288525 -> 267689260

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
'''Sir Edmund Tilney''' or '''Tylney''' (1536–1610) was a courtier best known now as [[Master of the Revels]] to [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]] and [[James I of England|King James]]. He was responsible for the censorship of drama in England. He was also instrumental in the development of English drama of the [[Elizabethan era|Elizabethan period]]. Tilney made the office of Master of the Revels into an institution.

==Early life and family connections==
Edmund Tilney was the only son of Philip Tilney (d.1541), [[Gentleman Usher|Usher of the Privy Chamber]] to King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], and Malyn Chambre. Edmund Tilney's father, Philip, was a younger son of Sir Philip Tilney of Shelley (d.1533), treasurer during the Scottish wars under the command of [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk]]. Norfolk's first wife was Sir Philip Tilney's cousin, [[Elizabeth Tilney|Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey]]; after Elizabeth died in 1547, Norfolk married Sir Philip Tilney's sister, [[Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Agnes]], later Dowager Duchess of Norfolk.<ref>{{Harvnb|Boas|1970|pp=40–41}}; {{Harvnb|Richardson|2004|pp=236–237}}; {{Harvnb|Head|2008|pp=236–237}}.</ref>

Edmund Tilney's mother, Malyn Tilney, was implicated in the scandal leading to the downfall of the Duchess's step-granddaughter, Queen [[Catherine Howard]], and was sentenced on 22 December 1541 to life imprisonment and loss of goods, but pardoned after the Queen's execution on 13 February 1542.<ref>{{Harvnb|Boas|1970|pp=40–41}}.</ref> Edmund Tilney's father was buried on 10 September 1541 in St. Leonard's Church [[Streatham]]. He died in debt, and his widow Malyn received a promise of help from the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk.<ref>{{Harvnb|Dutton|2008}}; {{Harvnb|Boas|1970|pp=40–41}}.</ref>

No record of Tilney's education survives. He evidently learned Latin, French, Italian and Spanish because his early works indicate his acquaintance not only with the languages but also with subjects such as law, history, economics and genealogy. There is speculation that he must have travelled because travel was regarded as a part of one's education at that time.<ref>Streitberger, W.R.(February,1978). p.18 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/514358 "On Edmond Tyllney's Biography"].''The Review of English Studies'' 29(113),11-35. [http://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]. Retrieved on 29 March 2010.</ref>

==Career==
Though Tilney had a very informal education, he had a bright future ahead of him because of his royal connections. He was a distant kinsman of Queen Elizabeth by virtue of the familial alliance with the Howards. To obtain royal favour he wrote a treatise called ''A brief and pleasant dis-course of the duties in Marriage, called the Flower of Friendshipp'' which was published in 1568. The book was dedicated to the Queen. For the next few years he maintained his connections with the Howard family. In 1572, he represented [[Gatton, Surrey]] in [[Parliament of England|Parliament]].

The 2nd Duke of Norfolk's [[William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham|son]] and [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|grandson]] held the title of Lord Howard of Effingham consecutively. The second Lord Howard became the [[Lord Chamberlain]] in 1574. The Revels Office has always been under the Lord Chamberlain, and he conferred the position of Master on Edmund Tilney.<ref>{{Harvnb|Boas|1970|p=40}}.</ref> In July 1579, Edmund Tilney formally assumed the office of Master of the Revels though he had been the acting Master since February 1578.

Tilney occupied this position as it underwent a significant change in focus. When he began his work, it consisted principally of planning and conducting royal entertainments, as a unit of the Lord Chamberlain's office. His principal aim was that of pleasing the Queen. Then he started clearing up the various problems associated with the Revels office. It had fallen into major disrepute with creditors. A commission issued on 24 December 1581 solved this financial crisis and enabled him to reduce the maintenance costs of the office to a moderate budget. The second section of the commission was to prohibit the discussion of any controversial issues in theatre. A play would be permitted only if the manuscript had the signature of the Master. Any offender could be imprisoned by Tilney's orders. He was given complete authority in matters concerning drama. This responsibility had been previously shared by Revels officers.

He now became the [[Censorship|censor]] of drama all over the country. One important example is ''[[Sir Thomas More (play)|The Book of Sir Thomas More]]''. It concerned the anti-alien riots on the [[Evil May Day]] of 1517. Due to its inflammatory political content it was rigidly censored, and the play was never released. Any political content designed to agitate the court was censored.

Tilney's career as Master (1579–1610) spanned some of the most eventful years in the history of English drama. In 1576, [[The Theatre]] and [[The Curtain]], the first public playhouses, were built. There were many more being built all over the country at this time. This led to a rapid proliferation of dramatic activity. It began with playwrights such as [[Christopher Marlowe]] and [[Thomas Kyd]] who were drawing crowds with ''[[Tamburlaine]]'' and ''[[The Spanish Tragedy]]''. The entire career of [[William Shakespeare]], with the exception of a few years, fell within Tilney's tenure of Mastership. The latter licensed thirty of Shakespeare's plays.{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}}

But if Tilney's censorship restricted the writers, his support protected them from generally hostile civic authorities. The polite fiction of aristocratic patronage did not obscure the reality that the troupes were commercial enterprises; however, that fiction brought the theatres under royal protection; in 1592, the Lord Mayor of London named Tilney as one of the obstacles to ending public drama in the city. However, Tilney's censorship was not of a generalising nature. While he did omit politically volatile passages and scenes, some, like the deposition scene in ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' and the murder of [[Julius Caesar]], were allowed to remain. However, there is no way of knowing whether ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' was allowed to be performed uncensored.<ref>Clare, Janet (May, 1987). p.173 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/515421 "Greater Themes for Insurrection's Arguing': Political Censorship of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Stage"].''The Review of English Studies'' 38(150),169-183. [http://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]. Retrieved on 29 March 2010</ref> Shakespeare's plays seemed to have suffered the severest form of censorship under Tilney.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

Tilney is also credited with the creation of the Queen's company of actors. She had received a few players as part of her inheritance. However, Elizabeth never used them, and usually asked Tilney to get either children or other companies to perform. Soon it became difficult to arrange for performances according to the court preferences. Some plays proved to be dull and were often cancelled. Just a few years after assuming office, Tilney chose twelve of the best actors from different companies and created the Queen's Men. Soon after this, the [[Queen's Men]] played a major part at all court performances. However they had all but faded by the 1590s.

Tilney brought about another important change in the development of drama by giving priority to the play instead of the [[masque]] as part of the entertainment. Masques were very expensive to produce, and Tilney cut down on the Revels expenses by producing plays. In the succeeding reign of James I, masques made a comeback.

On 24 March 1603, Elizabeth's reign ended, and James I ascended the throne. There had been major issues regarding Tilney's patent, as [[John Lyly]] had been vying for that post. [[George Buck]], supported by the Howards, was also a contender. But Tilney retained his position as the Master even under James I. Also, around 1606, the Master of the Revels was vested with the power of licensing plays for publishing. Some documentary evidence reveals the fact that George Buck had been appointed as acting Master.<ref>Clare, Janet (May, 1987). p.182 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/515421 "Greater Themes for Insurrection's Arguing': Political Censorship of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Stage"].''The Review of English Studies'' 38(150),169-183. [http://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]. Retrieved on 29 March 2010</ref> Censorship took on a more relaxed stance with the onset of the [[Jacobean era]]. In the following years, Buck licensed many plays, though Tilney controlled and managed the accounts of the office. He stayed in office till his death in 1610.

==Works==
Edmund Tilney wrote a treatise called ''A brief and pleasant dis-course of the duties in Marriage, called the Flower of Friendshipp''. This was dedicated to the Queen. It is written in the traditional [[Renaissance]] genre of the conversazione. He talks about the perfect state of marital love and expounds it with various historical examples. It is an eloquent work of writing and deals with length on the ideal state of marriage between men and women. The treatise reveals an influence of [[Renaissance humanism|humanist]] and philosophical ideas.

''Topographical Descriptions, Regiments, and Policies'' is the unpublished diplomatic book that he was preparing. Tilney dedicated his work to King James and spoke about collating notes on different countries. This reference work reveals Tilney's knowledge on varied subjects include [[topography]], genealogy, geography, economics and law.

==Personal life==
Edmund Tilney lived a life which was spent in balancing one controversy against another. On the one hand he had the [[Lord High Treasurer|Lord Treasurer]] to contend with and on the other there was the Lord Chamberlain from whom he took direct orders. Following his appointment as the Master, he grew increasingly popular and married Dame Mary Braye in 1583. She was the fourth wife of Sir Edmund Braye. There are no other details about whether they had any children or not. Even in his will written in 1610, there is no mention of either his wife or any issue.<ref>Boas, Frederick S.(1950). p.47 ''Queen Elizabeth in Drama and Related Studies''. George Allen & Unwin. pp.36-55. ISBN 0-8369-5397-5.Google Book Search. Retrieved on 20 March 2010</ref> He spent the latter part of his life fighting various lawsuits and claims over property and debt. Towards the end, his financial circumstances had become severely strained. He lost a few properties through lawsuits as well. In his will he wished to be buried near his father without much pomp and ceremony. He bequeathed money to a few poor parishes, some servants and to his cousin Thomas Tilney. He lived in the town of [[Leatherhead]], Surrey, in the building known as the Mansion House. In the 1990s, a new Wetherspoons in the Leatherhead High Street was named after him. He is buried in St. Leonard's Church, Streatham, London. A rather fine monument was erected in his memory.

==Ambiguities==
Though the office of the Master of the Revels was one of the most influential posts in Elizabethan England, there is a paucity of information about the life of Edmund Tilney, the Master who was connected with the development of drama at that time.<ref>Streitberger, W.R.(February,1978). p.11 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/514358 "On Edmond Tyllney's Biography"].''The Review of English Studies'' 29(113),11-35. [http://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]. Retrieved on 29 March 2010</ref> There have been various sources, most of which have offered erroneous information. Starting from scholars like [[Edmond Malone|Malone]] to [[Sidney Lee]], there has been varied representation of facts on Tilney. There are no details about his issue or what happened to his wife as there was mention of neither in his last will and testament. There are even debates about the possibility of Tilney having been knighted.<ref>Streitberger, W. R. (February, 1978). p.25 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/514358 "On Edmond Tyllney's Biography"].''The Review of English Studies'' 29(113),11-35. [http://www.jstor.org/ JSTOR]. Retrieved on 29 March 2010.</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
*{{Cite book |title = Queen Elizabeth in Drama and Related Studies
|last = Boas
|first = Frederick Samuel
|publisher = Books For Libraries Press
|location = Freeport, New York
|year = 1970
|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=4d2Khtn6yTAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|accessdate =7 March 2011
|ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book |title = Howard [née Tilney], Agnes, duchess of Norfolk (b. in or before 1477, d. 1545), noblewoman
|last = Davies
|first = Catherine
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|year = 2008
|ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book |title = Tilney, Edmund (1535/6–1610), courtier
|last = Dutton
|first = Richard
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|year = 2008
|ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book |title = Howard, Thomas, second duke of Norfolk (1443–1524), magnate and soldier
|last = Head
|first = David M.
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|year = 2008
|ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book |title = Howard, William, first Baron Howard of Effingham (c.1510–1573), naval commander
|last = McDermott
|first = James
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|year = 2008
|ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book |title = Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham
|last = Richardson
|first = Douglas
|publisher = Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc
|location = Baltimore, Maryland
|year = 2004
|ref = harv
}}
*{{Cite book |title = Katherine [Catherine; nee Katherine Howard] (1518x24-1542), queen of England and Ireland, fifth consort of Henry VIII
|last = Warnicke
|first = Retha M.
|publisher = [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]
|year = 2008
|ref = harv
}}

==External links==
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Tilney, Edmund}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=267689260}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Tylney, Edmund
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = English courtier
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1536
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1610
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tylney, Edmund}}
[[Category:Elizabethan era]]
[[Category:1536 births]]
[[Category:1610 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:People of the Stuart period]]
[[Category:16th-century English people]]
[[Category:17th-century English people]]
[[Category:Tilney family]]
[[Category:English knights]]

Jill Tweedie

2015-04-25T16:24:18Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 5526371 -> 108693739

{{Infobox writer
| name = Jill Tweedie
| image = Jill Sheila Tweedie.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Tweedie in 1972
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Jill Sheila Tweedie
| birth_date = 22 May 1936
| birth_place = [[Cairo]] (Egypt)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|11|12|1936|5|22|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| resting_place =
| occupation = Writer, journalist, broadcaster
| language = English
| nationality = British
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse = Bela Cziraky (m. 1954) Robert d'Ancona (m. 1963) [[Alan Brien]] (m. 1973)
| partner =
| children = Ilona Cziraky, Adam Cziraky, Lukas D'Ancona
| relatives =
| influences =
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'''Jill Sheila Tweedie''' (22 May 1936 – 12 November 1993) was an influential British [[feminism|feminist]], writer and broadcaster. She was educated at the independent [[Croydon High School]] in [[Croydon]], South London. She is mainly remembered for her column in ''[[The Guardian]]'' on feminist issues (1969–1988),<ref>{{cite news|title=10 November 1975: Guardian columnist Jill Tweedie says sex is boring|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2011/jun/02/guardian190-jill-tweedie-1975|accessdate=28 September 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|first=Research|last=Department|date=2 June 2011}}</ref> 'Letters from a faint-hearted feminist' and for her autobiography ''Eating Children'' (1993). She succeeded [[Mary Stott]] as a principal columnist on ''The Guardian's'' Women's Page.

Her light style and left-leaning politics captured the spirit of British feminism in the 1970s and 1980s. In November 2005 she was one of only five women included in the ''Press Gazette's'' 40-strong gallery of most influential British journalists.

She was married three times—to the Hungarian Count Bela Cziraky, to Bob d'Ancona, and finally to journalist [[Alan Brien]], her partner until her death from [[motor neurone disease]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite news|last=Belfrage|first=Sally|title=Obituary: Jill Tweedie|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-jill-tweedie-1503933.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=13 November 1993|location=London}}</ref>

She is commemorated in a group portrait at the [[National Portrait Gallery (London)|National Portrait Gallery]] (NPG6247) with fellow Guardian Women's Page contributors [[Mary Stott]], [[Polly Toynbee]], [[Posy Simmonds]] and [[Liz Forgan]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Forgan|first=Liz|title=For the love of a faint hearted feminist|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2000/apr/18/gender.uk|newspaper=The Guardian|date=17 April 2000|location=London}}</ref>

== Quotes==
*"You don't have to signal a social conscience by looking like a frump. Lace knickers won't hasten the holocaust, you can ban the bomb in a feather boa, just as well without, and a mild interest in hemlines doesn't necessarily disqualify you from reading DAS KAPITAL and agreeing with every word."{{fix
|link=Wikipedia:Citation needed
|text=citation needed-probable woozle
|class=noprint Template-Fact
|title=This claim needs references to reliable sources
}}

*"Most violence, most crime and most vice is not committed by human beings in general. It is committed by men.."<ref name="Tweedie1980">{{cite book|author=Jill Tweedie|title=It's only me: pieces from a column|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9tcEAQAAIAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Robson Books|isbn=978-0-86051-123-6|page=235}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://thinkexist.com/quotes/jill_tweedie/
*http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=1860645895
*http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/guide/talent/t/tweedie_jill.shtml
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=108693739}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Tweedie, Jill
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British journalist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 22 May 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Egypt
| DATE OF DEATH = 12 November 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH = London, England
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tweedie, Jill}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:British feminists]]
[[Category:British journalists]]
[[Category:Deaths from motor neurone disease]]
[[Category:The Guardian journalists]]
[[Category:People educated at Croydon High School]]

{{UK-journalist-stub}}
{{fem-activist-stub}}

Amin Tarif

2015-04-25T15:59:19Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 1687693 -> 244792907

{{refimprove|date=October 2013}}
[[Image:Amin Tarif 1950.jpg|right|thumb|Sheikh Amin Tarif, 1950.]]
'''Amin Tarif''' ({{lang-ar|<big>أمين طريف</big>}} [[Hebrew]]: אמין טריף, born 1898, died October 2, 1993) was the [[qadi]], or spiritual leader, of the [[Druze]] in [[Israel]] from 1928 till his death in 1993. Such was the esteem in which he was held among Druze internationally that [[Sheikh]] Amin was regarded by many within the community as the preeminent spiritual authority in the Druze world.<ref>Dana, Nissim. The Druze in the Middle East: their faith, leadership, identity and status. 2003. pg.14.</ref>

Sheikh Amin was born in 1898 in the village of [[Julis]] in Upper Western [[Galilee]]. One of four brothers and two sisters, Amin was the youngest son of Sheikh Muhammad Tarif, spiritual leader of the Druze in [[Palestine]] from 1888 till his death.

In 1911, after graduating from fourth grade, Amin travelled to the [[Khalwat al-Bayada]], near [[Hasbaya]], in [[Lebanon]]. There he studied the basics of the Druze religion, graduating in 1918. Returning to Julis, the Sheikh adopted an ascetic lifestyle according to Druze ideals, living modestly from grains grown for his own needs.

In 1928, following the death of his father, it was decided to appoint Amin as spiritual leader of the Druze community. In addition to serving as his community's spiritual leader, Tarif served as Chairman of the Druze Religious Court of Appeals from 1963 and managed the assets of Maqam [[Nabi Shu'ayb]] - a religious complex that Druze believe houses the tomb of the Prophet Jethro.<ref>Dana, Nissim. The Druze in the Middle East: their faith, leadership, identity and status. 2003. pg 80.</ref>

Despite the esteem in which Amin was held, his relationship with Druze in neighbouring states was complicated by the Sheikh's loyalty to the State of Israel. In 1977, following complaints from the community in Lebanon that Israeli shelling threatened the Khalwat al-Bayada, he advised Druze members of the Knesset to ask questions of the Israeli government.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/05/obituaries/sheik-amin-tarif-arab-druse-leader-in-israel-dies-at-95.html | work=The New York Times | title=Sheik Amin Tarif, Arab Druse Leader In Israel, Dies at 95 | first=Eric | last=Pace | date=October 5, 1993 | accessdate=April 23, 2010}}</ref>

In 1990, Amin was awarded the [[Israel Prize]] for his special contribution to society and the State of Israel,<ref name=prize>{{Cite web| title = Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1990 (in Hebrew)| url = http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashmag/Tashnab_Tashmag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashan}}</ref> being one of the few non-Jews receive this award.

Sheikh Amin died on October 2, 1993. The Israeli President, [[Ezer Weizman]], the Prime Minister [[Yitzhak Rabin]] and the Chairman of the [[Knesset]] were among the dignitaries present at his funeral. Simultaneously, additional ceremonies, attended by tens of thousands of Druze, took place in [[Syria]] and Lebanon.

The Sheikh was buried in a room at his family home in Julis. His tomb has since become a place of pilgrimage - large numbers of Druze visit the Sheikh’s resting-place annually on the anniversary of his death.<ref>http://www.sheikh-ameen-tareef.net/eng/index.htm</ref>

Sheikh Amin's grandson, [[Mowafak Tarif]], succeeded his father as the spiritual leader of Israel's Druze.

In June 2009 sectarian clashes between Druze and Christian Arab youth in the town of [[Shfaram]] were sparked by the posting of a YouTube clip dishonouring Sheikh Amin's memory.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3733898,00.html Man suspected of circulating anti-Druze video arrested], ynetnews, 06.19.09, Israeli News</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Israel Prize recipients]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

English-language site dedicated to the Sheikh's memory.
* http://www.sheikh-ameen-tareef.net/eng/index.htm

Photograph of Sheikh Amin Tarif.
* http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/Sheikh%20Tarif.jpg

The Sheikh's tomb in Julis.
* http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/Sheikh%20Tarif%202.jpg

{{Authority control|VIAF=244792907}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Tarif, Amin
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Qadi of Druze
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1898
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = October 2, 1993
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarif, Amin}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Druze]]
[[Category:History of Israel]]
[[Category:People from Julis]]
[[Category:Israeli Druze religious leaders]]
[[Category:Israel Prize for special contribution to society and the State recipients]]

Embrik Strand

2015-04-25T15:46:08Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 119252565 -> 3245223

'''Embrik Strand''' (2 June 1876 – 3 November 1947) was an [[arachnologist]] who classified many [[insect]] and [[spider]] species, including the [[greenbottle blue tarantula]].

Strand was born in [[Ål]]. He studied at the University of Kristiania (now [[University of Oslo]]). Around 1900 he focused on collecting insect specimens from [[Norway]]. These are now deposited at the university's museum, where he worked as a curator from 1901 to 1903.

After studying at the [[University of Oslo]] Strand traveled in Norway from 1898 to 1903 collecting a great number of [[insect]]s. For part of this time (1901-1903) he was a conservator in the museum of zoology of the university.
He then left for [[Germany]] where he continued his studies of zoology at the [[University of Marburg]] (1903), then he worked with [[Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart]] [http://www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/](1905) and, later, that of [[Tübingen]] and then with [[Senckenberg Museum]] in [[Frankfurt]]. From 1907, he worked with [[Museum für Naturkunde|Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin]]. In 1923, he accepted the post of professor of zoology at the [[University of Riga]] and where he directed the Institute of zoology and hydrobiology.

Strand was the author of many publications, mainly on insects and [[spiders]] and was the descriptor of several hundred new [[species]]. He edited, 1910 to 1929, the review ''Archiv für Naturgeschichte'' and was the founder, in 1928, of ''Folia zoologica and hydrobiologica''. [[Pierre Bonnet (naturalist)]] indicates, in his '' Bibliographia araneorum'' (pages 150-153), that a record number of new taxa were dedicated to Strand. Strand himself was the editor of a book in three volumes listing these, to celebrate his jubilee. There are indeed several hundreds of species which bear his name in all the possible forms: '' Strandi, Strandella, Embriki, Embrikiellus, Embrik-Strandella, '' etc. In the same way, Bonnet reproached Strand renaming already described species, but of which he, Strand, considered the name incorrect: Strand draws up a list of these, in 1926, where he renames nearly 1, 700 [[taxon|taxa]] of spiders.

He was a prolific author, the list of his publications which he published in 1918 (after only twenty years of activity) is 1, 200 titles. Strand was a contributor to [[Adalbert Seitz|Seitz]] ''Macrolepidoptera of the World'' ([[Bombycidae]]). He died in [[Riga]], aged 71.

Strand's collection of insects and spiders from Norway is in the Zoological Museum of the University of Oslo [http://www.toyen.uio.no/toyensider/engelsk.html]. His [[holotype|types]] are in the [[German Entomological Institute]] and the [[Museum für Naturkunde]].

== Sources ==
*Natvig, L. R. 1943 [Strand, E.] ''Norsk ent. Tidsskr''. 7(1/2) 58-61, Portr. + Schr.verz.
*Pfaff, G. & Wrede, O. H. 1934 [Strand, E.] ''Festschrift, 50jähriges Bestehen I.E.V.'' 11, Portrait.
*Bonnet, P. 1945)'' Bibliographia araneorum''the brothers Doularoude (Toulouse): 62.

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Embrik Strand}}
*[http://www.nhm.uio.no/entomology/strand_e_e.htm University of Oslo]
*[http://sdei.de/biographies/ DEI biografi] Portrait

{{Authority control|VIAF=3245223}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Strand, Embrik
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Norwegian zoologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 2 June 1876
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 3 November 1947
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strand, Embrik}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Latvian scientists]]
[[Category:Norwegian zoologists]]
[[Category:Norwegian entomologists]]
[[Category:Arachnologists]]
[[Category:University of Latvia faculty]]

{{Norway-scientist-stub}}
{{Latvia-scientist-stub}}
{{entomologist-stub}}

Daniel Rowland

2015-04-25T14:35:37Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 47820777 -> 168822997

{{for|the long-distance trail runner|Daniel Rowland (runner)}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}
[[Image:Daniel Rowland.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Daniel Rowland]]
'''Daniel Rowland''' (also spelt '''Rowlands'''; 1713 – 16 October 1790) was one of the foremost leaders of the [[Welsh Calvinistic Methodist revival]], along with [[Howell Harris]] and [[William Williams Pantycelyn|William Williams]]. For most of his life he was [[curate]] in the parishes of [[Nantcwnlle]] and [[Llangeitho]], [[Ceredigion]]. He was renowned as a preacher and made Llangeitho memorable as a centre for [[Presbyterian Church of Wales|Calvinistic Methodism]] in Wales.

The Anglican Church authorities deprived him of his Nantcwnlle curacy in c. 1763, an action which was unpopular with parishioners.<ref>[http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s-ROWL-DAN-1713.html Rowland, Daniel (1713 - 1790)] at Welsh Biography Online, [[National Library of Wales]]</ref> Following this, he established a Methodist "cause" in Llangeitho.

His early preaching was frightening: he gave much attention to God's judgment in his sermons. But as he matured in his ministry, he placed more emphasis on the saving work of [[Jesus]] on the cross. His theology and character was seen as more consistent and stable than that of his counterpart Howel Harris during the revival.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

One of his great-grandchildren was the novelist Anne Adalisa Puddicombe ([[Allen Raine]]).{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=168822997}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Rowland, Daniel, also known as Daniel Rowlands
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British Methodist leader
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1713
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 16 October 1790
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rowland, Daniel, also known as Daniel Rowlands}}
[[Category:1713 births]]
[[Category:1790 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ceredigion]]
[[Category:Welsh Christian leaders]]
[[Category:Calvinistic Methodists]]

Amanda Redman

2015-04-25T14:12:36Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 288316 -> 68589073

{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Infobox person
| image = File:Amanda Redman.jpg
| caption = Redman on the set of [[New Tricks]]
| name = Amanda Redman
| honorific_suffix = {{nowrap|[[Member of the British Empire|MBE]]}}
| birthname = Amanda Jacqueline Redman
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|08|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Brighton]], [[Sussex]], [[England]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1979–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Robert Glenister]]|1984|1992|divorced}} {{marriage|Damian Schnabel|2010|}}
| children = [[Emily Glenister]]
| family = [[Joyce Redman]] (aunt)
| awards =
}}
'''Amanda Jacqueline Redman''', [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (born 12 August 1957<ref>General Register Office England and Wales Birth Index 1916–2005 shows her birth registered in 1957 (Amanda J. Redman 1957 Q3 Vol 5h, page 131 Brighton)</ref>) is an English actress. She played Sandra Pullman in the [[BBC One]] series ''[[New Tricks]]''.

==Early life==
Redman was born in [[Brighton]].<ref name=mail-20090810>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1205188/Amanda-Redman-says-dreading-turning-50-Well-bit-late--1957-birth-certificate-proves.html|title=Amanda Redman Says She is Dreading Turning 50. Well, It's a Bit Late for That – as her 1957 Birth Certificate Proves|author=Miles Goslett and James Tapper|date=10 August 2009|work=Daily Mail |location=UK |accessdate=10 August 2009}}</ref> Her father, Ronald, was from [[Yorkshire]] and her mother, Joan, was born in India. Redman's father died in 1980, when she was in her early twenties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/amanda-redman.shtml |title=Who Do You Think You Are? - Past Stories - Amanda Redman |publisher=BBC |date=1970-01-01 |accessdate=2014-07-11}}</ref>

Redman is badly scarred on her upper left arm as a result of an accident when she was 15 months old.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/past-stories/amanda-redman.shtml "Biographical note to BBC's ''Who Do You Think You Are?''"]</ref> She was scalded with a pan of boiling turkey-and-vegetable soup and suffered [[third-degree burns|burns]] to 75 per cent of her body. Her arm was the only part of her body permanently affected, but the trauma was so severe that she was pronounced clinically dead at the [[Queen Victoria Hospital]] in [[East Grinstead]], Sussex.<ref name="ind270302">Viner, Brian; [http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/amanda-redman-how-ive-learnt-to-live-with-my-scars-655637.html "Amanda Redman: How I've learnt to live with my scars"] ''Independent.co.uk'', 27 March 2002 (Retrieved: 14 July 2008)</ref>

==Career==
Redman trained at the [[Bristol Old Vic Theatre School]].<ref>[http://www.oldvic.ac.uk/past_graduates.html "Alumni: Past Graduates"] ''OldVic.ac.uk'' (Retrieved: 14 July 2008)</ref>

In 1984 she appeared as Marina in the BBC Shakespeare production of ''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'' opposite Mike Gwilym. She also played Maxine in Oxbridge Blues, a British television mini-series, produced by the BBC and first shown in 1984 written by Frederick Raphael.
In 1985 she played Janet in the touring version of ''[[The Rocky Horror Show]]''.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

In 1986 she played Miss Fairfax (Gwendolen) in the BBC Drama production of ''The Importance Of Being Earnest'' by Oscar Wilde.

She played opposite [[Liv Ullmann]] in ''Richard's Things'' (1981), took over from [[Alfred Molina]] in the 1990s comedy drama ''[[El C.I.D.]]'', playing a new female lead in the series, and played [[Diana Dors]] in the TV film ''[[The Blonde Bombshell]]'' (1999). She presented an MTV show on satellite TV in the 1990s. She co-starred in the first series of ''[[Dangerfield (TV series)|Dangerfield]]'' in 1995, and played a role in ''[[Taggart]]'' the same year. In 2000 she played Deedee Dove in the feature film ''[[Sexy Beast]]''. From 2000 until 2003 she played Alison Braithwaite, a woman whose life is turned upside down after she wins the [[lottery]], in [[ITV Network|ITV]]'s ''[[At Home with the Braithwaites]]''. Beginning in 2003, Redman took the role of DSI Sandra Pullman in the [[BBC|BBC's]] ''[[New Tricks]]''.

In June 2006 Redman performed in ''[[Children's Party at the Palace]]'' as Cruella DeVil for [[Elizabeth II|the Queen]]'s 80th birthday, and was the subject of an episode of the [[BBC]] documentary series ''[[Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)|Who Do You Think You Are?]]'', a programme that explored her family history.<ref name="WDYTYA-PO">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/09_september/24/who_redman.shtml "Who Do You Think You Are?: Amanda Redman"] ''BBC.co.uk'' (Press Office), 24 September 2004 (Retrieved: 14 July 2008)</ref><ref name="WDYTYA-G">Waddell, Dan; [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/familyhistory/get_started/wdytya_s1_celeb_gallery_02.shtml "WDYTYA? Series One: Celebrity Gallery"] ''BBC.co.uk'', 19 October 2004 (Retrieved: 14 July 2008)</ref>

In July 2013 she announced that she would be leaving the BBC series ''New Tricks'' - [[Tamzin Outhwaite]] has since replaced her.

Redman is the founder and principal of the Artists Theatre School.

==Awards and nominations==
* 2001 - Nominated - BAFTA TV Award - Best Actress for ''At Home with the Braithwaites'' (2000)
* 2007 - Nominated - National Television Award - Most Popular Actress for ''At Home with the Braithwaites'' (2000)
* 2007 - Nominated - TV Quick Award - Best Actress for: "New Tricks" (2003)

==Personal life==
Redman is the mother of [[Emily Glenister|Emily]] from her marriage to the actor [[Robert Glenister]].<ref name="CrChr130709">Whiting, Kate; [http://www.crewechronicle.co.uk/entertainment-crewe/2009/07/13/amanda-redman-the-laughing-policemen-are-back-in-new-tricks-59067-24140176/ "Amanda Redman: The laughing policemen are back in New Tricks"] ''CreweChronicle.co.uk'', 13 July 2009 (Retrieved: 14 July 2008)</ref> She is credited with having encouraged her then-brother-in-law, [[Philip Glenister]], who played [[DCI Gene Hunt]] in ''[[Life on Mars (UK TV series)|Life on Mars]]'' and ''[[Ashes to Ashes (TV series)|Ashes to Ashes]]'', to go to drama school and to pursue acting. She once desired more children, but after nine [[miscarriage]]s and two [[ectopic pregnancies]] her hopes ended with [[menopause]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Nathan |first=Sara |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2193900/Amanda-Redmans-dream-baby-50s-ended-menopause.html |title=Amanda Redman's Dream of a Baby in her 50s Ended with the Menopause | Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=2012-08-27 |accessdate=2014-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McCormack |first=Kirsty |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/showbiz/471579/Amanda-Redman-opens-up-about-experiencing-the-menopause-and-never-having-more-children |title=Amanda Redman Opens Up About Experiencing the Menopause and Never Having More Children | Showbiz | News | Daily Express |publisher=Express.co.uk |date=2014-04-21 |accessdate=2014-07-11}}</ref>

Having been together since 1999, Redman married the mobile-phone designer Damian Schnabel in September 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas |first=Liz |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1309128/Amanda-Redman-marries-toyboy-Damian-Schnabel.html |title=Amanda Redman Marries Toyboy Damian Schnabel | Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=2010-09-06 |accessdate=2014-07-11}}</ref>
She is a supporter of [[Coventry City FC]].

Redman was appointed a [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to drama and charity.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=60173|supp=yes|startpage=20|date=16 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18461536 | work=BBC News | title=Kenneth Branagh knighted in Queen's Birthday Honours | date=15 June 2012}}</ref>

==Notable roles==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Richard's Things]]''
| Josie
|
|-
| 1982
| The Agatha Christie Hour
| Pauline, Grand Duchess of Ostravia
| Episode: "Jane in Search of a Job"
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Give My Regards to Broad Street (film)|Give My Regards to Broad Street]]''
| Office Receptionist
|
|-
| 1986
| To Have and to Hold
| Viv Meadows
| TV Mini-Series. Episodes 1.1-1.8
|-
| 1988
| ''[[For Queen & Country]]''
| Stacey
|
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Theatre Night]]''
| Gwendolen Fairfax
| Episode: "The Importance of Being Earnest "
|-
| 1988-1989
| Streets Apart
| Sylvia Grant
| Episodes 1.1-2.6
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Spender]]''
| Bobby Montgomerey
| TV Police Action Drama, Spender, Series. Episode 1.4
|-
| 1991
| ''[[The Men's Room]]''
| Sally
| TV Mini-Series. Episodes 1.1-1.5
|-
| 1992
| ''[[El C.I.D.]]''
| Rosie Bromley
|
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]''
| Olivia Purcell
| Episode: "The Ties That Bind"
|-
| 1993
| Body & Soul
| Lynn Gibson
| TV Mini-Series. Episodes 1.1-1.6
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Demob (TV series)|Demob]]''
| Janet Deasey
| Episodes 1.1-1.6
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Taggart]]''
| Julie Carson
| Episode: "Black Orchid"
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Dangerfield (TV series)|Dangerfield]]''
| Dr. Joanna Stevens
| 18 Episodes
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Ruth Rendell Mysteries]]''
| Susan Townsend
| Episodes: "The Secret House of Death: Part 1" and "The Secret House of Death: Part 2"
|-
| 1996
| Beck
| Beck
| Episodes 1.1-1.6
|-
| 1998
| Performance
| Regan
| Episode: "King Lear"
|-
| 1998
| Close Relations
| Prudence Hammond
| TV Mini-Series. Episodes 1.1-1.5
|-
| 1999
| ''[[The Blonde Bombshell]]''
| [[Diana Dors]]
| TV Movie
|-
| 1999-2000
| ''[[Hope and Glory (TV series)|Hope And Glory]]''
| Debbie Bryan
| Episodes 1.1-2.4
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Sexy Beast]]''
| Deedee Dove
|
|-
| 2000-2003
| ''[[At Home with the Braithwaites]]''
| Alison Braithwaite
| TV Mini-Series. Episodes 1.1-4.6
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Mike Bassett: England Manager]]
| Karine Bassett
|
|-
| 2003-2013
| ''[[New Tricks]]''
| Detective Superintendent Sandra Pullman
| 84 Episodes
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Mike Bassett: Manager]]''
| Karine Bassett
| 6 Episodes
|-
| 2006
| The Children's Party at the Palace
| Cruella de Vil (The 101 Dalmatians)
| TV Special
|-
| 2008
| Honest
| Lindsay Carter
| Episodes 1.1-1.6
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Little Dorrit (TV series)|Little Dorrit]]''
| Mrs. Merdle
| TV Mini-Series. Episodes 1.5-1.14
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Tommy Cooper: Not Like That, Like This]]''
| Gwen 'Dove' Cooper
| TV Movie
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0714985}}
*[http://www.artiststheatreschool.com/ Artists Theatre School] ''ArtistsTheatreSchool.com''
*[http://www.the-little.co.uk/ Brighton Little Theatre] ''The-Little.co.uk''

{{Authority control|VIAF=68589073}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}

{{Persondata
|NAME = Redman, Amanda
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = English actress
|DATE OF BIRTH = 12 August 1957
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Brighton]], Sussex, England
|DATE OF DEATH =
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Redman, Amanda}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Bristol Old Vic Theatre School]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:English television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:People from Brighton]]
[[Category:People from Ealing]]
[[Category:Actresses from Sussex]]
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]

Cat Rambo

2015-04-25T14:08:30Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 85792236 -> 21944247

{{Infobox writer
| name = Cat Rambo
| image = PurpleCatRambo.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Cat Rambo in purple
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = 1963
| birth_place = Bryan, Texas
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Author, editor
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| period =
| genre = [[Science fiction]], [[fantasy]]
| subject =
| movement =
| magnum_opus =
| influences =
| influenced =
| website = {{URL|http://www.kittywumpus.net}}
| footnotes =
}}

[[File:Cat Rambo KGB.jpg|thumb|'''Cat Rambo''', reading at the [[KGB bar]], 2009]] '''Cat Rambo''' is a [[science fiction]] and [[fantasy]] writer and editor who lives in the Pacific Northwest. She was co-editor of [[Fantasy Magazine]]<ref name="sfscope" /> from 2007-2011, which earned her a 2012 [[World Fantasy Special Award: Non-Professional]] nomination. She collaborated with [[Jeff VanderMeer]] on ''The Surgeon's Tale and Other Stories'', published in 2007. Her short stories have appeared in such places as [[Asimov's Science Fiction]], [[Weird Tales]] and [[Strange Horizons]].<ref>{{cite web
| last = Payne | first = Marshall
| url = http://ttapress.com/fix/interviews/cat-rambo/
| title = An Interview with Cat Rambo
| work = The Fix
| date = 2008-07-01
| accessdate = 2010-04-15
}}{{Dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref>

Rambo writes predominantly fantasy and science fiction, and collaborated in a round-robin writing project for The [[New Weird]], edited by [[Ann VanderMeer]] and [[Jeff VanderMeer]].{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}

A graduate of the Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars and [[Clarion West]], she also works with ''[[Armageddon (MUD)|Armageddon MUD]]'', as Sanvean,<ref>{{cite web
| last = Rambo | first = Cat | authorlink = Cat Rambo
| url = http://www.kittywumpus.net/pubs/think.html
| title = I Think, Therefore I Roleplay
| work = [[Imaginary Realities]]
| date = January 2000
| accessdate = 2010-04-15
}}</ref> and writes gaming articles. Her background in technology writing includes work for [[Microsoft]] and [[Security Dynamics]]. She is a member of the [[Codex Writers Group]] and, in 2008, was appointed chair of the Copyright Committee of the [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America]] (SFWA).<ref name="sfscope">{{cite web
| last = Strock | first = Ian Randal
| url = http://sfscope.com/2008/07/sfwa-appoints-three-new-coordi.html
| title = SFWA appoints three new coordinators
| work = SFScope
| date = 2008-07-08
| accessdate = 2010-04-17
| quote = Cat Rambo has been appointed chairman of the SFWA Copyright Committee. Rambo, a member since 2005, is the co-editor of ''Fantasy Magazine'', and has worked in the fields of network security and technology writing, as well as teaching. She has worked with both the Copyright Exploratory Committee and the Copyright Committee, as well as written copy for the Nebula web site.
}}</ref>

In 2008, she donated her archive to the department of Rare Books and Special Collections at [[Northern Illinois University]].<ref>[http://www.ulib.niu.edu/rarebooks/sciencefiction.cfm Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) Collection], Northern Illinois University{{Dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* ''The Surgeon's Tale'' with [[Jeff VanderMeer]] (November 1, 2007, ISBN 0-8095-7268-0)
* "The Bumblety's Marble" (2008) in ''[[Paper Cities: An Anthology of Urban Fantasy]]'' (ed. [[Ekaterina Sedia]])
* ''Eyes Like Sky and Coal and Moonlight'' (August 1, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9795349-5-9)
* {{Cite book|title=Near + Far|last=Rambo|first=Cat|isbn=978-0-9848301-4-5|year=2012|publisher=Hydra House|location=Seattle}}
* "A Man And His Parasite" (2013) in ''[http://sqmag.com/2014/04/14/edition-8-a-man-and-his-parasite-by-cat-rambo/ SQ Mag, Edition 8]'' (ed. Sophie Yorkston)
* "All the Pretty Little Mermaids" in [[Asimov's Science Fiction]] March 2014, Vol 38, No. 3

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kittywumpus.net Cat Rambo official website]
* [http://www.darkfantasy.org/fantasy/ Fantasy Magazine]
* [http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/rambo_09_08/ Worm Within] (short story), [[Clarkesworld Magazine]], September 2008
* [http://subterraneanpress.com/index.php/magazine/winter2007/fiction-the-surgeon%E2%80%99s-tale-by-jeff-vandermeer-cat-rambo/ The Surgeon's Tale] (short story with [[Jeff VanderMeer]]), [[Subterranean Magazine]], Winter 2007
* [http://www.clarkesworldmagazine.com/rambo_07_07.html I'll Gnaw Your Bones, the Manticore Said] (short story), [[Clarkesworld Magazine]], July 2007
* [http://www.strangehorizons.com/2007/20070219/foam-f.shtml Foam on the Water] (short story), [[Strange Horizons]], February 2007
*{{isfdb name|id=Cat_Rambo|name=Cat Rambo}}

{{MUDs|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=21944247}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Rambo, Cat
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American speculative fiction writer and editor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1963
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Bryan, Texas
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rambo, Cat}}
[[Category:Science fiction editors]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:American women short story writers]]
[[Category:MUD developers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:People from Bryan, Texas]]
[[Category:Women science fiction and fantasy writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
[[Category:American women novelists]]

Mirko Petrović-Njegoš

2015-04-25T13:44:31Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 50654569 -> 244625015

[[Image:Duke Mirko.jpg|thumb|right|Mirko Petrović-Njegoš]]
'''Mirko Petrović-Njegoš''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Мирко Петровић-Његош}}; August 19, 1820–August 1, 1867), was a [[Principality of Montenegro|Montenegrin]] military commander, [[diplomat]] and [[poet]], belonging to the [[House of Petrović-Njegoš]]. He was given the title of ''veliki vojvoda'' (Grand Duke) of [[Grahovo, Nikšić|Grahovo]], and is thus also known as '''Vojvoda Mirko'''. He was the father of [[Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš|Nikola]], the future ruler of Montenegro.

==Life==
Mirko was born on August 19, 1820, in [[Njeguši]],<ref name="Paunović1998">{{cite book|author=Marinko Paunović|title=Srbi: biografije znamenitih : A-Š|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9qE-AQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Emka|page=195}}</ref> the son of Stanko Petrović-Njegoš and Krstinja Vrbica. He was the older brother of [[Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro|Prince Danilo I]], while his uncle was [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]]. He is famous for winning the [[Battle of Grahovac]] on May 1, 1858, leading the Montenegrin army against the [[Ottoman Empire]].

His epic corpus ''Junački spomenik'' (''Heroic Monument''), published in the Montenegrin capital of [[Cetinje]] in 1864, glorifies Montenegro and Montenegrins, and tells of the great victories over the Ottoman Empire.

He was married in Njeguši on {{OldStyleDate|November 7|1840|October 26}} to Stana Martinović ([[Baice]], {{OldStyleDate|June 27|1824|June 15}} – [[Cetinje]], {{OldStyleDate|December 23|1894|January 12}}).

They had three children:
* [[King Nikola|Nikola]] ({{OldStyleDate|October 7|1841|September 25}} – March 1, 1921)
* Princess Anastasia, (D: March 29, 1879), married to Sava Plamenac
* Princess Maria, married to Capt. Y. Gopcević.

== Work ==
His writings include this book of poetry owned by the Library of Congress in Washington, DC:
* ''Junački spomenik'' (1951; 185 pages) LCCN: 55037918 Call number: PG1418.P53 J8

== See also ==
*[[Battle of Grahovac]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.njegos.org/petrovics/mirko.htm Junački spomenik]
* {{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/njegosh1.html |title= Genealogy of the House of Petrović-Njegoš |publisher=[http://genealogy.euweb.cz Genealogy.EU]}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=244625015}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Petrovic-Njegos, Mirko
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Montenegrin military commander, diplomat and poet
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 19, 1820
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = August 1, 1867
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Petrovic-Njegos, Mirko}}
[[Category:1820 births]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Principality of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Montenegrin soldiers]]
[[Category:Montenegrin poets]]
[[Category:Montenegrin composers]]
[[Category:People from Cetinje]]
[[Category:House of Petrovic-Njegoš]]

{{Montenegro-bio-stub}}

Tara Palmer-Tomkinson

2015-04-25T13:26:47Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 164112037 -> 265797274

{{Use British English|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tara Palmer-Tomkinson
| image = Tara Palmer-Tomkinson.jpg
| caption = Tara Palmer-Tomkinson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|12|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hampshire]], England
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Socialite
| spouse =
|Parents=[[Charles Palmer-Tomkinson]]
}}
'''Tara Palmer-Tomkinson''' (born 23 December 1971) also known as '''T P-T''',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/2224192.stm|title=BBC News "Tara Palmer-Tomkinson: Still got It?" | date=30 August 2002 | accessdate=6 January 2010|first=Andrew|last=Walker}}</ref> is an English socialite, "[[it girl]]", television presenter, columnist, model and charity patron.<ref>{{cite news|title=It-girl Tara backs autism charity|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/it-girl-tara-backs-autism-charity.22579484|accessdate=1 December 2013|newspaper=The Herald Scotland|date=2 November 2013}}</ref> Her activities have been well-covered by the British [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] press.

== Early life ==
Her parents are [[Charles Palmer-Tomkinson|Charles]] and Patricia Palmer-Tomkinson (''née'' Dawson). Palmer-Tomkinson's father has represented his country as a skier at Olympic level. Tara grew up on her parents' estate in [[Dummer, Hampshire]], and was educated first at [[Hanford School]],<ref>{{Cite news | last =Swann | first =Yvonne | title =Me and my school photo: Tara Palmer-Tomkinson |work=Daily Mail |location=London | publisher =Associated Newspapers | date =13 February 2009 | url =http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1143131/Me-school-photo-Tara-Palmer-Tomkinson.html | accessdate =5 May 2011 }}</ref> then at [[Sherborne School For Girls|Sherborne School for Girls]] in Dorset. After she left school she worked briefly in the [[City of London]] for [[Rothschild banking family of England|Rothschilds]] bank.

==Writing career==
In the mid to late 1990s a weekly column for ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' appeared under her name. However, this was actually [[Ghostwriter|ghostwritten]] by author [[Wendy Holden]] based on Palmer-Tomkinson's 'phoned in description of her activities during the preceding week.<ref>[http://www.thejournal.co.uk/culture/arts/author-wendy-holden-tickled-class-4427439 'Author Wendy Holden is tickled by class acts' ''[[The Journal (newspaper)|The Journal]]'' 9 July 2011]</ref><ref>[http://www.wendyholden.net/about_me.php 'About Me' - Wendy Holden's website]</ref><ref>[https://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=2628705 Wendy Holden in the ''[[Times Educational Supplement]]'' - 4 August, 2008]</ref> She subsequently similarly "contributed" to ''[[The Spectator]]'', ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'', ''[[GQ]]'', ''[[Eve (magazine)|Eve]]'', ''[[Harpers and Queen]]'', ''[[Tatler (1901)|Tatler]]'', ''[[InStyle UK|InStyle]]'' and ''[[The Observer]]'' sporadically.

In September 2007 her book ''The Naughty Girl's Guide to Life'', co-authored with [[Sharon Marshall]], was published by ''[[Little, Brown and Company|Sphere]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Naughty Girl's Guide to Life |last1= Palmer-Tomkinson|first1= Tara|last2= Marshall|first2= Sarah|year= 2007|publisher= [[Little, Brown and Company|Sphere]]|isbn= 1-84744-137-8|url= http://www.littlebrown.co.uk/Title/9781847441379|accessdate=13 April 2011}}</ref> It was serialised in ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' ''Style'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news |title= The naughty girl's guide to life|author= Tara Palmer-Tomkinson and Sharon Marshall |url= http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/the_way_we_live/article2215772.ece|newspaper= [[The Sunday Times]]|date= 12 August 2007|accessdate=13 April 2011 |location=London}}</ref>

In October 2010 her first novel, ''Inheritance'', was published by ''[[Pan Books]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title= Inheritance|last= Palmer-Tomkinson|first= Tara|year= 2010|publisher= [[Pan Books]]|isbn= 978-0-330-51326-5|url= http://www.panmacmillan.com/titles/displayPage.asp?PageTitle=Individual%20Title&BookID=420745|accessdate=13 April 2011}}</ref> However, this also was ghostwritten.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8081461/Tara-Palmer-Tomkinson-takes-the-honest-approach.html 'Tara Palmer-Tomkinson takes Tge honest approach' - ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' - 23 October 2010]</ref>

==Television appearances==
In 2002, she made an appearance on the British television series ''[[I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!]]'', finishing runner up. This included being gunged in the "Jungle Shower", one of the first '[[bush tucker]]' trials. In November 2005, Palmer-Tomkinson presented her third 'behind the scenes' series on [[ITV2]] for the hit show ''[[I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here! Now]]''.

She has also appeared on the reality shows ''Spelling Bee'' and ''Cold Turkey'', which followed her attempts to quit smoking with [[Sophie Anderton]], celebrity specials of ''[[A Place in the Sun (TV series)|A Place in the Sun]]'' and ''[[Blind Date (UK TV series)|Blind Date]]'' and in episodes of ''Tabloid Tales'', ''With a Little Help from my Friends'', ''Russian Roulette'', ''Celebrities Under Pressure'' and ''[[Project Catwalk]]''. Palmer-Tomkinson also appeared on ''[[Top Gear (current format)|Top Gear]]'' in 2002 as their "star in a reasonably-priced car".

Palmer-Tomkinson's presenting credits include ''Animals Do the Funniest things'' with [[Tony Blackburn]], [[Junior Eurovision]], ''The British Comedy Awards...Party On'', ''What Kids Really Think'', ''Popworld'', ''Top of the Pops'', ''SM:TV Live'', ''Company Magazine Bachelor of the Year'', ''Dumb Britain'', ''Extreme'', a role as a team captain on ''Bognor or Bust'' which was hosted by [[Angus Deayton]] and work for ''[[GMTV]]'', ''[[Channel 5 (UK)|Five]]'', [[LBC radio]], the music channel [[The Hits]] and the [[Living TV]] programme ''Dirty Cows''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-480756/Tara-bags-prize-TV-dating-show.html|title=Tara bags the prize in her TV dating show|work=Daily Mail |location=London |date=8 September 2007 }}</ref>

Palmer-Tomkinson played herself in the film ''[[Mad Cows]]'' and an episode of ''[[Footballers Wives]]'', has acted in a film version of ''[[An Ideal Husband (1998 film)|An Ideal Husband]]'' and was for a period the face of [[Walkers Crisps]] replacing [[Victoria Beckham]]. She appeared on an episode of ''[[Airline (UK TV series)|Airline]]'' as a member of [[EasyJet]] Cabin Crew for a day.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

In 2014, Palmer-Tomkinson appeared on the celebrity special edition of ''[[The Jeremy Kyle Show]]'' in which she revealed the depths of her cocaine addiction and the truth behind her reported relapse.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

Palmer-Tomkinson has been a contestant on ''[[Comic Relief Does Fame Academy]]'' for the [[BBC]]. She gave away tickets to see her compete in the show to "ordinary people" who had helped her out (the other contestants generally giving their free tickets to other celebrities). She invited the policeman who found her stolen car, the locksmith who helped when she was locked out of her house and her parents' local shopkeepers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://showbiz.sky.com/showbiz/article/0,,50001-1256133,00.html|title=Sky News "Tara's Kind Gesture"}}</ref> On Friday 16 March 2007 (Red Nose Day – Comic Relief) Tara won ''[[Comic Relief Does Fame Academy]]'', beating [[Tricia Penrose]] in the final. She was a guest on the BBC's ''[[Would I Lie To You? (TV series)|Would I Lie to You?]]'', a comedy quiz which was aired in the spring of 2007 and August 2008, alongside regulars [[Lee Mack]] and [[David Mitchell (comedian)|David Mitchell]].{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

==Other work==
Palmer-Tomkinson plays the piano, as was demonstrated at events at the [[Royal Festival Hall]] with the [[National Symphony Orchestra of London|National Symphony Orchestra]], at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] with Mozart, and at The Coliseum during a [[Leonard Bernstein]] Tribute. She was also the host of the Classic FM Gramophone Awards 2005.

From November 2013 Palmer-Tomkinson was Patron of Scottish charity [[Speur Ghlan]] for a year. Speur Ghlan delivers early intervention for young children diagnosed with autism or developmental delays. The appointment garnered media attention for having been facilitated through social media.<ref name="Paisley Patron">{{cite news|title=Tara P-T named as charity patron|url=http://www.paisleydailyexpress.co.uk/renfrewshire-news/scottish-news/2013/11/01/tara-p-t-named-as-charity-patron-87085-34005930/|accessdate=1 December 2013|newspaper=Paisley Daily Express|date=1 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tara P-T named as charity patron|url=http://localuknews.co.uk/article/breaking-news-tara-p-t-named-as-charity-patron|publisher=Localnews.co.uk|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Breaking News: Tara P-T|url=http://www.acadvertiser.co.uk/lanarkshire-news/scottish-news/2013/11/01/tara-p-t-named-as-charity-patron-65864-34005967/|accessdate=1 December 2013|newspaper=A&C Advertiser|date=1 November 2013}}</ref> She stated it was a "huge honour" to have been chosen as patron of the Speur-Ghlan charity and said that she admired the "tireless work" undertaken by the charity. The following year Palmer-Tomkinson herself was diagnosed with "a high degree of autism". According to Palmer-Tomkinson the diagnosis "was a shock but could explain why I've always lived my life at such a frantic level".<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Angella |title=I'm not on drugs... I only seem odd because I'm autistic: Yes, I've had drink problems, says Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, but now if you spot me wild-eyed and tearful, it's NOT what you think |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2714299/I-m-not-drugs-I-odd-I-m-autistic-says-Tara-Palmer-Tomkinson.html |accessdate=8 January 2015 |work=Daily Mail |location=London |date=2 August 2014}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

===Novels===
* Inheritance (2010)
* Infidelity (2012)

===Other Books===
* The Naughty Girl's Guide To Life (2007) (written with [[Sharon Marshall]])

==Popular culture==
[[Image:Paul Harvey, Tara Palmer-Tomkinson.jpg|thumb|90 px|''Tara Palmer-Tomkinson'' by Paul Harvey]]
*In 2004, [[Paul Harvey (artist)|Paul Harvey]]'s painting of Palmer-Tomkinson was exhibited in ''[[The Stuckists Punk Victorian]]'' show at the [[Walker Art Gallery]] for the [[Liverpool Biennial]].<ref>Milner, Frank ed. ''The Stuckists Punk Victorian'', p.76, [[National Museums Liverpool]] 2004. ISBN 1-902700-27-9</ref>

*She had a waxwork model in [[Madam Tussauds]] in London.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

==Personal life==
Palmer-Tomkinson hails from a family of landowners and [[Olympic Games|Olympians]]. Her paternal great-great-grandfather was the landowner, and [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician, [[James Tomkinson]]. His wife, Emily Frances, was the daughter of [[Palmer Baronets#Hudson.2C later Palmer baronets.2C of Wanlip Hall .281791.29|Sir George Palmer, 3rd Baronet]]. Palmer-Tomkinson's grandfather [[James Palmer-Tomkinson]], uncle [[Jeremy Palmer-Tomkinson]] and father Charles have all competed at multiple [[Winter Olympics|Winter Olympic Games]].
Palmer-Tomkinson is the youngest of three children. She has a brother James and a sister, [[Santa Montefiore|Santa Montefiore (née Palmer-Tomkinson)]]. Her brother-in-law is the historian [[Simon Sebag Montefiore]].

Palmer-Tomkinson's family have a close relationship with the [[British Royal Family]]. Her parents are friends of The Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall. She attended the [[wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton]].

In 1999, she was treated at the Meadows clinic in Arizona for a cocaine [[Substance use disorder|addiction]], and since her recovery has supported various drugs charities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-392937/The-terrible-toll-cocaine-taken-Taras-face.html|title=Daily Mail "The terrible toll cocaine has taken on Tara's face" | location=London | date=29 June 2006}}</ref>

In 2006, Palmer-Tomkinson received extensive publicity after her [[septum nasi]] collapsed due to her former £400-a-day addiction to [[cocaine]]. Pictures were printed in several [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|British tabloids]]. She underwent cosmetic surgery to have it rebuilt, at a cost of £6,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://showbiz.sky.com/showbiz/article/0,,50001-1260235,00.html|title=Sky News "Tara's Drugs Ban"}}</ref> Some sources claim the surgery was carried out by cranio-facial surgeon Martin Kelly, the late husband of actress [[Natascha McElhone]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article4746967.ece|work=The Times |location=London |first=Margarette|last=Driscoll|accessdate=16 September 2008|date=14 September 2008|title=Interview: Natascha McElhone }}</ref>

On 22 December 2014, Palmer-Tomkinson was arrested at [[Heathrow airport]].<ref name=SkyTPHeathrow>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1396092/tara-palmer-tomkinson-arrested-at-heathrow|accessdate=23 December 2014|title=Tara Palmer-Tomkinson Arrested At Heathrow|work=[[Sky News]]|date=22 December 2014}}</ref> This followed her reaction to being refused access to a first-class lounge.<ref name="SkyTPHeathrow"/> Following her arrest she said that a panic attack triggered her behaviour. She stated: "I wasn't drunk, there was no disorderly. I was cautioned, I saw a doctor, they were nice to me", before flying to Switzerland to celebrate her 43rd birthday.<ref name="SkyTPHeathrow"/>

== See also ==
{{Portal|biography}}
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.earlyinterventionscotland.org/ Speur Ghlan] charity

* {{IMDb name|0658505|Tara Palmer-Tomkinson}}
* [http://www.myvillage.com/pages/celebs-tarapt.htm MyVillage biography]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|title=''[[Comic Relief Does Fame Academy]]'' Winner
|years=[[Comic Relief Does Fame Academy|Series 3 (2007)]]
|before=[[Edith Bowman]]
|after=Series ended
|}}
{{S-end}}

{{I'm_a_Celebrity…Get_Me_out_of Here!}}
{{I'm a Celebrity…Get Me out of Here! UK Series 1}}
{{Fame Academy}}
{{Comic Relief Does Fame Academy contestants}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=265797274}}


{{Persondata
|NAME=Palmer-Tomkinson, Tara
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=English television personality
|DATE OF BIRTH=23 December 1971
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Hampshire]], England, UK
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palmer-Tomkinson, Tara}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:English socialites]]
[[Category:British television presenters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Participants in British reality television series]]
[[Category:Reality show winners]]
[[Category:Fame Academy participants]]
[[Category:I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK) contestants]]
[[Category:People educated at Hanford School]]
[[Category:People educated at Sherborne Girls]]

Samuel Owen

2015-04-25T13:25:37Z

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{{for|the English marine painter and illustrator|Samuel Owen (artist)}}
[[File:Samuel Owen.jpg|thumb|Samuel Owen around 1820-30.]]
[[File:Kongl. Myntet 2009c.jpg|thumb|Some of Samuel Owen's original workshop buildings in Stockholm, built 1809. Photo: 2009.]]
'''Samuel Owen''', (born 12 May 1774 in [[Norton in Hales]], [[Shropshire]], England - died 15 February 1854 in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]), was a British-Swedish engineer, inventor and industrialist. Samuel Owen moved to Sweden in 1807 and founded in 1809 a workshop in Stockholm that produced all kinds of mechanical components for the industry.

'''Family:''' He was married three times; First in England with Ann Spen Toft, then 1817 in Sweden with Beata Carolina Svedell. Beata died 1822. Soon after he married Johanna Magdalena Elisabeth (1797–1880), also called "Lisette" (probably a children's name for Elisabeth). She was born Strindberg and was an aunt to [[August Strindberg]]. In total he had 17 children with his three wives.

His first trip to Sweden was in 1804 to assist with the installation of four steam engines that were ordered from Sweden, intended for industrial use, that had been sold by the company Fenton, Murray & Wood’s in [[Leeds]] in England where Owen was employed at that time. The first engine was installed in the autumn 1804 in a textile factory at [[Lidingö Municipality|Lidingö]] outside [[Stockholm]] to replace horses that were used to drive the machines in the factory. After that installation work he went back to England but was asked once again in 1806 to come back to help in setting up another engine. 1807 he decided to stay in Sweden and in 1809 he opened his own workshop 'Kungsholmens Mekaniska Verkstad', situated at [[Kungsholmen]] in Stockholm. A street at Kungsholmen close to [[Stockholm City Hall]] is named after Samuel Owen, 'Samuel Owens gata'. Two of the original buildings that formed his workshop still remain.

Samuel Owen was also engaged in the development of steam engine-driven ships and was the first person in Sweden to build a ship with a steam engine. His first ship was called ''Amphitrite'', built in 1818 at his shipyard close to the workshop; it had a steam engine with 6 hp. His new steam ship was a sensation for the people around the waters around Stockholm but many were also skeptical of the new "fire and air engines" that required a lot of wood for the steam boiler. He also carried out tests with early types of propeller. In July 1816 he presented the first propeller-driven steamship ''The Witch of Stockholm''. These early propeller designs, however, required many years before they came into practical use. The steamships in those days were normally driven by paddle wheels.

He was elected a member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] in 1831.

He became one of the most recognized engineers and industrialists in Sweden. In 1843 he faced severe financial problems. His company was sold in 1844 and he became almost bankrupt. The government then decided to give him a lifetime pension with the motivation that he had made many important contributions for the development of the Swedish industry. However, he continued to work and was employed for some years at a company in [[Södertälje]], but in 1853 he became sick and died in February 1854, aged seventy-nine.

Samuel Owen has been called "the founder of the Swedish mechanical industry".

== Sources ==
*[http://runeberg.org/wiesminn/0213.html Article about Samuel Owen from 1889, Project Runeberg].

{{Authority control|VIAF=225905540}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Owen, Samuel
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British-Swedish inventor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 12 May 1774
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 15 February 1854
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Owen, Samuel}}
[[Category:English businesspeople]]
[[Category:British inventors]]
[[Category:British engineers]]
[[Category:Swedish inventors]]
[[Category:Swedish engineers]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:1774 births]]
[[Category:1854 deaths]]

Jan Mossin

2015-04-25T12:43:23Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 220295171 -> 45307326

'''Jan Mossin''' (1936–1987) was a Norwegian economist. Born in [[Oslo]], he graduated with a [[siviløkonom|siv.øk.]] degree from the [[Norwegian School of Economics]] (NHH) in 1959. After a couple of years in business, he started his PhD studies in the spring semester of 1962 at [[Carnegie Mellon University]].

One of the papers in his doctoral dissertation was a very important contribution (1966) to the [[Capital asset pricing model|Capital Asset Pricing Model]] (CAPM). At Carnegie Mellon he was, among others, awarded the [[Alexander Henderson Award]] for 1968 for this contribution. If Jan Mossin had lived longer he would most likely have been a candidate for the [[Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel|Nobel Prize in Economics]] in 1990 together with Professors [[William F. Sharpe]] and [[John Lintner]].

After he had finished his PhD he returned to NHH where he in 1968 was tenured professor. During his time at NHH, Mossin was visiting professor at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (1969–1970), [[New York University]] (1973–1974), [[Columbia University]] (1976), the [[University of Texas, Austin]] (1978–1979) and the [[University of Washington, Seattle]] (1983–1984). Mossin was elected fellow of the [[Econometric Society]] in 1973.

== Partial bibliography ==

=== Articles ===
* "Wages, Profits and the Dynamics of Growth", ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', '''80''', 1966, pp. 376–399.
* "Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market", ''Econometrica'', '''34''', 1966, pp. 768–783.
* "On a Class of Optimal Stock Depletion Policies", ''Management Science'', '''13''', 1966, pp. 120–130.
* "The Shorter Work Week and the Labor Supply", (with [[Martin Bronfenbrenner]]) ''Southern Economic Journal'', '''33''', 1967, pp. 322–331.
* "Optimal Multiperiod Portfolio Policies", ''Journal of Business'', '''41''', 1968, pp. 215–229.
* "Aspects of Rational Insurance Purchasing", ''Journal of Political Economy'', '''76''', 1968, pp. 553–568.
* "Taxation and Risk Taking", ''Economica'', '''36''', 1968, pp. 74–82.
* "Merger Agreements: Some Game-Theoretic Considerations", ''Journal of Business'', '''41''', 1968, pp. 460–471.
* "Security Pricing and Investment Criteria in Competitive Markets", ''American Economic Review'', '''59''', 1969, pp. 749–756.

=== Books ===
* ''Theory of Financial Markets'', 1973, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-913699-1
* ''The Economic Efficiency of Financial Markets'', 1977, Lexington Books, ISBN 0-669-01004-9

{{Authority control|VIAF=45307326}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Mossin, Jan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Norwegian economist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1987
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mossin, Jan}}
[[Category:Financial economists]]
[[Category:Norwegian economists]]
[[Category:Norwegian School of Economics faculty]]
[[Category:Norwegian School of Economics alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]
[[Category:Norwegian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century economists]]

{{Norway-academic-bio-stub}}
{{Norway-economist-stub}}

Amos Meller

2015-04-25T12:18:14Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 121866729 -> 19533881

{{refimprove|date=February 2009}}
'''Amos Meller''' (1938-January 23, 2007) is best remembered as an [[Israel]]i [[composer]]<ref>[http://en.e-mago.co.il/news/250_/ obit] retrieved 3rd June 2010</ref> and [[conducting|conductor]]. He was born in [[Kibbutz]] [[Ein HaHoresh]] and died in [[Tel Aviv]].

In his lifetime, he was a member if the Israeli volleyball team, a flutist, a violinist, and a poet.

During his career he led orchestras in [[China]], [[Moscow]], and [[France]]. In March 2003 he was asked to direct the [[Beijing Philharmonic Orchestra]] and also the [[Taipei Philharmonic Orchestra]] of [[Taiwan]]. He was the first Israeli to direct these orchestras.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=19533881}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Meller, Amos
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Israeli composer and conductor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1938
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Ein HaHoresh, Israel
| DATE OF DEATH = January 23, 2007
| PLACE OF DEATH = Tel Aviv, Israel
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Meller, Amos}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Israeli conductors (music)]]
[[Category:Israeli composers]]

{{Israel-musician-stub}}
{{Asia-composer-stub}}

Ursula McConnel

2015-04-25T12:14:35Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 51410626 -> 234662345

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Ursula McConnel
|image = Ursula McConnel.jpg
|image_size = 220px
|caption = Ursula McConnel, Queensland, approx 1938
|birth_date = {{birth date|1888|10|27|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Toogoolawah, Queensland|Cressbrook, Queensland]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1957|11|6|1888|10|27|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Kelvin Grove, Queensland]]
|residence = [[Eagle Heights, Queensland]]
|citizenship = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian]]
|nationality = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian]]
|ethnicity = [[Australian]]
|field = [[Anthropology|Australian Anthropology]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = [[University of Sydney]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Work with [[Wik-Mungkan language|Wik Mungkan]] people, [[Cape York Peninsula]].
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences = [[Sir Grafton Elliot Smith]], [[William James Perry|William Perry]], [[Alfred Radcliffe-Brown]], [[Edward Sapir]]
|influenced = Anthropology of Aboriginal people of Cape York
|prizes =
|religion = [[Anglican]]
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}

'''Ursula Hope McConnel''' (1888–1957) was a [[Queensland]] [[Anthropology|anthropologist]] and [[Ethnography|ethnographer]] best remembered for her work with, and the records she made of the [[Wik-Mungkan language|Wik Mungkan]] people of [[Cape York Peninsula]].

First trained at [[University College London|University College]] London, then supervised by Professor [[Alfred Radcliffe-Brown]] in the Department of Anthropology, [[University of Sydney]], McConnel was one of the first woman to be trained in anthropology and then go out to observe [[Australian Aborigines|Aboriginal Australians]] in remote areas, systematically documenting, recording, and describing their culture, mythology, beliefs, and way of life<ref name="Aust01"/><ref>[[Peter Sutton (anthropologist)|Sutton, Peter]] (2008)[http://www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/museum/uploads/sutton.pdf Ursula McConnel as a public intellectual, Lecture at McCleay Museum, 15 June 2008] Accessed 8 June 2009.</ref><ref name="AusDict01">[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150214b.htm Perusco, Anne O'Gorman "McConnel, Ursula Hope (1888 - 1957)"] Accessed 8 June 2009</ref>

==Early life ==

Born on a grazing property called "Cressbrook" (near [[Toogoolawah, Queensland]]), Ursula McConnel was the eighth child (fifth daughter) of grazier James Henry McConnel and his wife, Mary Elizabeth McConnel (née Kent).<ref name="AusDict01"/>

Raised on the Cressbrook property in what has been described as an "austere" and "repressed" family environment, she was:<ref name="Aust01">Rothwell, Nicolas (2009) [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25914575-16947,00.html "Enigma Variations"] Article in the Australian, 15 August 2009. Accessed 17 August 2009</ref>

:"Striking in looks, brilliant in intellectual gifts, she passed through [[Somerville House|Brisbane High School for Girls]] and [[New England Girls' School]] at [[Armidale, New South Wales|Armidale]], garlanded with prizes, before taking first-class honours in philosophy at the [[University of Queensland]]

Ursula McConnell has been described as a brave, free-thinking, open questing woman with sometimes strong emotions, growing up at a time when the first wave of [[feminism]] n Australia was coming of age: " .. a perfect test case for the various ideas of self-creation .." <ref name="Aust01"/> who also, during troubled times studying, came under the shaping influence of her brother-in-law and psychologist [[Elton Mayo]]:<ref name="Aust01"/>

:"She was a student of herself [and] believed the human mind could not only be probed and subjected to intensive study through its social context but that its individual workings could be analysed and known in depth"

She was once engaged, never married, and being financially secure in her investments in wool bonds, devoted her life to her anthropological research endeavours in Western Cape York Peninsula, driven by a strong sense of duty and justice to the people with whom she had worked.<ref name="AusDict01"/>

==Education==

At New England Girl's School she got prizes in singing and languages.<ref name="AusDict01"/> From ages 17 to 19 she attended courses in history, politics, literature, and music at [[King's College London]]. By the age of 20 she completed and attained a first-class honours in philosophy and psychology at the University of Queensland.<ref name="AusDict01"/>

At the age of 35 she commenced a doctorate in anthropology at [[University College London]], but, lonely, stressed, and ill she returned to Australia in 1927 without completing her doctorate. On her return, under Professor [[Alfred Radcliffe-Brown]] (University of Sydney) she started doing ethnographic research amongst the [[Wik-Mungkan language|Wik Mungkan]] people, Cape York Peninsula.<ref name="AusDict01"/>

==Career==

Between 1927 and 1934 Ursula McConnel undertook five field trips into the Cape, and published numerous articles plus a book (entitled ''Myths of the Munkan'') mostly about the Wik Mungkan people, and the Aboriginal Australians of Cape York generally. During this period she was also awarded a [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller fellowship]] (1931–33) to study under [[Edward Sapir]] at [[Yale University]], in the United States of America.<ref name="AusDict01"/>

She attempted to obtain a doctorate in anthropology from University College, London, by submitting her publications, but, in the end, never obtained that doctorate, though still laying a significant foundation for present day anthropological research amongst the Aboriginal peoples of the region.<ref name="AusDict01"/>

==Bibliography==

* (1926) ''Social organization of tribes of [[Cape York Peninsula]]'' Oceania—1939, 1940; v.10, no.1, no.4; [54]- 72, [434]-455

* (2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 May 1928) ''Wikmunkan people of Gulf of Carpentaria'': Series of nine articles telling of experiences on an anthropological expedition up the Archer River, Gulf of Carpentaria;

* (1930) ''The [[Australian Aboriginal mythology#Rainbow Serpent|Rainbow-serpent]] in North Queensland'': Report of yero amongst [[Kuku Yalanji|Koka-Yalunyu]] tribe in Daintree and Bloomfield River region

* (1931) ''A moon legend from the [[Bloomfield River]], North Queensland'': A creation myth with explanatory analysis originally part of initiation ceremony

* (1933) ''The Symbol in legend'': Comparative study of variations from a common type of culture; Examples from Wik-Munkan, Koko- Yulunyu, Koko-Yimidir kinship system and terms

* (1927–1928, & 1934) ''Material culture and ceremonies at North-West Cape York'': 120 photographs taken during Ursula McConnel's field research.

* (1935) ''Legends and ritual'': paper read before A.N.Z.A.A.S., Melb,

* (1935) ''Junior marriage systems : comparative survey'': Survey of Cape York Peninsula

* (1936) ''Totemic hero-cults in Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland'': totemic culture of Wikmunkan and neighbouring tribes

* (1937) ''Mourning ritual among the tribes of Cape York Peninsula'':

* (1937) ''Illustration of the myth of Shiveri and Nyunggu'': Brief outline of story of two hero cults plus diagram of story places

* (1945) ''The Wik-munkan tribe of Cape York Peninsula'' Oceania—1930, 1930, 1934; v.1, no.1, no.2, v.4, no.3; [97]-104, [181]-205, [310]-367

* (1945) ''Wikmunkan phonetics'': Survey of phonetics from recordings made in 1934 to obtain cultural information. Oceania—1945; v.15, no.4; [353]-375

* (1953) ''Native arts and industries on the Archer, Kendall, and Holroyd rivers, Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland'' Records of the South Australian Museum Vol. 11, no.1 (1953)

* (1957) ''Myths of the Mungkan'' Melbourne. Melbourne University Press: Explanatory matter relates myths and stories to way of life and psychology of Wik-Munggan in Archer, Holroyd, and Edward river area

==External links==
* [http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P001181b.htm University of Melbourne "BrightSparks" Biographical Entry] Accessed 8 June 2009
* [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150214b.htm Anne O'Gorman Perusco's Australian Dictionary of Biography Entry "McConnel, Ursula Hope (1888 - 1957)"] Accessed 8 June 2009
* [http://www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/museum/uploads/sutton.pdf Invitiation to McLeay Museum, Sydney, Lecture and Exhibition on Australia's First Generation of Anthropologists] Accessed 8 June 2009
* [http://asset2.clinicdesign.com.au/mam_asset/Media%20Release%20for%20McConnel%20Collection?id=01ffa7c06470ce620000011014a2a10a&col=/client_db/MUSA&ext=jpg&type=pdf South Australian Museum Media Release (2006) "Major new collection of anthropological material donated to SA Museum"] Accessed 8 June 2009
* [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25914575-16947,00.html Article in the Australian (15 August 2009) "Enigma variations", regarding the finding and contents of Ursula McConnell's private archive] Accessed 17 August 2009
* [http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/1117696?searchTerm=Ursula McConnel Article in the Courier Mail (11 September 1933) "Studies Among Natives -Miss Ursula McConnel's Work"] Accessed 8 June 2009
* [http://ndpbeta.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/1159249?searchTerm=Ursula McConnel Article in the Courier Mail (11 January 1934) "Study Tribes in the Wild - Task for the Trained"] Accessed 8 June 2009

==Newspaper articles==
* [http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/16565524?searchTerm=Ursula%20McConnel#pstart1195554 Sydney Morning Herald (17 April 1929) "Girl Anthropologist: Cape York studies"]
* [http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/1117696?searchTerm=Ursula%20McConnel Courier Mail (11 September 1933) "Studies Among Natives -Miss Ursula McConnel's Work"] Accessed 30 April 2010
* [http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/1125181?searchTerm=Ursula%20McConnel Courier Mail (30 September 1933) "Social Life Study: Miss Ursula McConnell's Address"] Accessed 30 April 2010
* [http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/1153738?searchTerm=Ursula%20McConnel Courier Mail (22 December 1933) "In Town and Out: Miss Ursula McConnel a noted anthropologist .. is one of a small group of Australian anthropologists who are doing hard field work among the natives] Accessed 30 April 2010
* [http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/17064523?searchTerm=Ursula%20McConnel#pstart1146089 Sydney Morning Herald (8 March 1934) "Science: Adventures in Anthropology by Ursula McConnell] Accessed 30 April 2010

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=234662345}}

{{Persondata
| NAME =McConnel, Ursula
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Australian anthropologist
| DATE OF BIRTH =27 October 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Toogoolawah, Queensland|Cressbrook, Queensland]]
| DATE OF DEATH =6 November 1957
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Kelvin Grove, Queensland]].
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McConnel, Ursula}}
[[Category:Australian anthropologists]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]

Charles Lester Marlatt

2015-04-25T11:58:10Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 104516663 -> 246190541

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Charles Lester Marlatt
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1863
| birth_place = [[Atchison, Kansas|Atchison]], [[Kansas]]
| death_date = 1954
| death_place =
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| field = [[Entomology]]
| work_institution = [[Bureau of Entomology]] ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]]) [[Federal Horticultural Board]] [[Entomological Society of Washington]] [[American Association of Economic Entomologists]]
| alma_mater = [[Kansas State University|Kansas State Agricultural College]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| author_abbreviation_bot =
| author_abbreviation_zoo =
| prizes =
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Charles Lester Marlatt''' (1863–1954) was an [[United States|American]] [[entomology|entomologist]]. Born in 1863 at [[Atchison, Kansas|Atchison]], [[Kansas]], he was educated at [[Kansas State University|Kansas State Agricultural College]] (B.S., 1884; M.S., 1886), where he was assistant professor for two years. He is the person who introduced the [[Coccinellidae|ladybug]] insect into the [[United States]] to control the [[San Jose scale]] insect, which was first discovered in [[San Jose, California]] in 1880 by [[John Henry Comstock]] and named by him. Marlatt worked for the [[Bureau of Entomology]], [[United States Department of Agriculture]]. In 1912 he was appointed chairman of the [[Federal Horticultural Board]]. He was president of the [[Entomological Society of Washington]] in 1897–98 and of the [[American Association of Economic Entomologists]] in 1899.

His 1907 description of [[Magicicada|periodic cicadas]] remains a classic in the field. In this article, Marlatt proposed a grouping of periodic cicadas into 30 different broods, each given a [[Roman numeral]]. Broods I-XVII assigned brood numbers for each of 17 sequential calendar years to 17-year cicadas. Broods XVIII-XXX assigned 13 sequential calendar years to 13-year cicadas. Subsequent research has established that, in fact, not every year produces a brood of periodical cicadas. There are only 15 distinct broods, not 30, but Marlatt's scheme continues to be used.<ref name=post>{{cite web|last=Post|first=Susan L.|title=A Trill of a Lifetime|url=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/highlights/periodicalCicada.html|year=2004|publisher=The Illinois Steward|accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Marlatt, C. L. (1898). "A consideration of the validity of the old records bearing on the distribution of the broods of the periodical cicada, with particular reference to the occurrence of broods VI and XXIII in 1898." ''Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Entomology''. 18: 59-78.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1898). "A new nomenclature for the broods of the periodical cicada. Miscellaneous results of work of the Division of Entomology." ''Bulletin of the USDA Division of Entomology''. 18: 52-58.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1898). "The Periodical Cicada. An account of Cicada septendecim, its natural enemies and the mean of preventing its injury." ''USDA Division Entomology Bulletin''. 14 (New Series). Washington: Government Printing Office.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1902). "A New Nomenclature for the Broods of the Periodical Cicada." ''USDA, Div. Of Entomology'', Circ. No. 45. 8 pp.
* Marlatt, C. L. 1906. "The Periodical Cicada in 1906." ''USDA, Bureau Of Entomology'', Circ. No. 14. 5 pp.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1907). "The periodical cicada". ''Bulletin of the USDA Bureau of Entomology''. 71:1-181
* Marlatt, C. L. (1907). "The periodical cicada." ''U.S.D.A. Bureau Entomology Bulletin.'' 71: 1-181.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1908). "A successful seventeen-year breeding record for the periodical cicada." Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 9: 16-18.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1919). "The '17-year locust' in 1919." ''U.S.D.A. Circular'' 127: 1-10.
* Marlatt, C. L. (1923). The periodical cicada. ''U.S.D.A. Bureau Entomology Bulletin'' 71: 1-183.
* More, Thomas, ''Singing Insects of North America'', University of Florida [http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/walker/buzz/g900a.htm#broods map]
* Post, Susan L. ''The Trill of a Life Time'', photographs by Michael R. Jeffords, ''The Illinois Steward'', Spring 2004. [http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/highlights/periodicalCicada.html]
* Stannard, Jr., Lewis. ''The Distribution of Periodical Cicadas in Illinois'', 1975.

{{NIE}}

{{Cicada Broods}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=246190541}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Marlatt, Charles Lester
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American entomologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1863
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Atchison, Kansas|Atchison]], [[Kansas]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1954
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marlatt, Charles Lester}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:American entomologists]]
[[Category:People from Atchison, Kansas]]
[[Category:Kansas State University alumni]]

Ioannis Makrygiannis

2015-04-25T11:51:03Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 51712361 -> 215549702

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox military person|name=Yannis Makriyannis
|birth_date=1797
|death_date=1864
|birth_place= Avoriti, [[Phocis]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|death_place= [[Athens]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]
|image= Makrygiannis.jpg
|nickname=Makriyannis
|allegiance= {{Flag icon|Greece|old}} [[Greece]]
|serviceyears=1821–1864
|rank=General
|commands=
|battles=[[Greek War of Independence]]
|awards=
|laterwork=Commerce, Politics
}}

'''General Yannis Makriyannis''' ({{lang-el|Γιάννης}} or {{lang|el|Ιωάννης Μακρυγιάννης}}, ''Giánnēs'' or ''Iōánnīs Makrygiánnīs'';{{refn|Per the [[ISO 843|ISO system for Greek transliteration]] [[WP:GREEK|used by Wikipedia]]. Makriyannis's name has been variously transcribed over the years. As it simply means "Big John",<ref name="NBCG"/> in the 19th century, it was treated as a [[mononym]] variously written Makry-Yannis,<ref>Koeppen. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2iMoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false "Modern Greece" in ''De Bow's Southern and Western Review'', Vol. XIII, No. ii, p. 152]. James Dunwoody Brownson De Bow, Aug 1852.</ref> Makrygiannis,<ref>Gervinus, Georg Gottfried. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z2AvAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA510 ''Geschichte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts seit den Wiener verträge'' <nowiki>[</nowiki>"History of the Nineteenth Century from the Vienna Treaty"<nowiki>]</nowiki>, p. 510.] Wilhelm Engelmann (Leipzig), 1861. {{de icon}}</ref> Makriyannis,<ref>Gervinus, Georg Gottfried. Trans. by J.-F. Minssen & al. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GQLBZjRH-ZUC&pg=PA328 ''Insurrection et régénération de la Grèce'' <nowiki>[</nowiki>"Greece's Revolt and Rebirth"<nowiki>]</nowiki>, Vol. II, p. 328]. A. Durand (Paris), 1863. {{fr icon}}</ref> Macriyanni,<ref>Milios, Spiro. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AU8OAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA148 ''Procès de l'ex-ministre général et sénateur Spiro Milios devant la chambre des députés et le conseil de guerre'' <nowiki>[</nowiki>"Trial of the Ex-Minister, General, and Senator Spiro Milios Before the Chamber of Deputies and the Council of War"<nowiki>]</nowiki>, p. 148]. F. Carabini & C. Vafa (Athens), 1856. {{fr icon}}</ref> Makriyanni,<ref>Phillips, Walter Alison. ''The War of Greek Independence, 1821 to 1833'', {{nowrap|p. 179}}. Smith, Elder, 1897.</ref> Macroyannis,<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=v64EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA446 ''Annuaire Historique Universel pour 1847: Histoire Étrangère'' <nowiki>[</nowiki>"Universal Historical Yearbook for 1847: Foreign History"<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ch. vii, p. 446]. Thoisnier Desplaces (Paris), 1848.</ref> &c. The former [[USA|US]] [[BGN/PCGN romanization|BGN]] & [[United Kingdom|UK]] [[BGN/PCGN romanization|PCGN romanization]] was ''Yiánnis'' or ''Ioánnis Makriyiánnis''.}} 1797–1864), born '''Ioannis Triantaphyllos''' ({{lang|el|Ιωάννης Τριαντάφυλλος}}, ''Iōánnēs Triantáfyllos''), was a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[merchant]], military officer, [[politician]] and [[author]], best known today for his ''Memoirs''. Starting from humble origins, he joined the [[Greek War of Independence|Greek struggle for independence]], achieving the rank of general and leading his men to notable victories. Following Greek independence, he had a tumultuous public career, playing a prominent part in the granting of the [[Greek Constitution of 1844|first Constitution]] of the [[Kingdom of Greece]] and later being sentenced to death and pardoned.

Despite his important contributions to the political life of the early Greek state, general Makriyannis is mostly remembered for his ''Memoirs''. Aside from being a source of historical and cultural information about the period, this work has also been called a "monument of Modern Greek literature", as it is written in pure [[Demotic Greek]]. Indeed, its literary quality led [[Nobel laureate]] [[Giorgos Seferis]] to call Makriyannis one of the greatest masters of Modern Greek prose.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Yannis Makriyannis was born to a poor family in the village of Avoriti, in the vicinity of [[Doris (Greece)|Doris]]. "Makriyannis" was a nickname he acquired because of his height.<ref name="NBCG">[http://book.culture.gr/Fakeloi/makrygiannis/biografia.htm National Book Centre of Greece's biography of Makriyannis (affiliated with Ministry of Culture) (in Greek)]</ref> His father, Dimitris Triantaphyllou, was killed in a clash with the forces of [[Ali Pasha]]. His family was forced to flee to [[Levadeia]], where Makriyannis spent his childhood up to 1811. At age seven, he was given as a foster son to a wealthy man from Levadeia, but the menial labour and beatings he endured were, in his own words, "his death".<ref name="Makrygiannis">General Makriyannis, ''Ἀπομνημονεύματα (Memoirs)'', Athens: Papyros, 1996 (work first published 1907) (preface by V. Sphyroeras) (in Greek)</ref> Thus, in 1811 he left for [[Arta, Greece|Arta]] to stay with an acquaintance who maintained close relations with Ali Pasha. There, still a teenager, he was involved in trade and, according to his memoirs, became a wealthy man. His property amounted to 40,000 [[Kuruş|piastres]].<ref name="Macriyannis">Général Macriyannis, ''Mémoires'', (preface by Pierre Vidal-Naquet), [[Éditions Albin Michel|Albin Michel]] (in French)</ref> According to Sphyroeras, he probably joined the [[Filiki Etaireia]], a secret anti-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] society, in 1820.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> In March 1821 he left for [[Patras]], in the [[Peloponnese]], supposedly on business. His actual assignment, however, was to inform local members of the Filiki Etaireia of the state of affairs in his native [[Rumelia|Roumeli]]. Having met with [[Odysseas Androutsos]], he returned to Arta two days before the revolution broke out in Patras and was promptly arrested by the Ottoman authorities and placed under arrest in the local fortress. He was held captive for 90 days but managed to escape and, in August 1821, first took up arms against the Ottomans under chieftain Gogos Bakolas.<ref name="Macriyannis"/>

===Activity during the War of Independence===
[[File:Vryzakis-Stratopedo Karaiskaiki.jpg|thumb|Karaiskakis' camp in Kastella, Phaleron. Makriyannis is depicted near the cannon.]]
Under the command of Gogos Bakolas, in September 1821 he took part in the battle of Stavros, near [[Tzoumerka]], and in the battle of [[Peta, Greece|Peta]], where he sustained a light leg injury. A few days later he took part in the siege of Arta that temporarily brought the city under Greek control.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> In late 1821, he left for [[Mesolonghi]], but there, according to his memoirs, he fell seriously ill, only recovering in March 1822.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> Having spent his recovery in the village of Sernikaki, near [[Amfissa|Salona]], he resumed military action, assuming the leadership of a band of warriors from four villages in the vicinity. He fought alongside several other chieftains during the successful siege of [[Ypati]], which had been fortified with considerable Ottoman forces.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

After the [[Acropolis]] of [[Athens]] was surrendered by the Ottomans in June 1822, Makriyannis was appointed Supervisor of Public Order in the city by the executive authority of Roumeli on 1 January 1823. In that office, he took severe measures aimed at stopping arbitrary oppression of the populace and thievery.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> In the summer of 1823, he fought alongside [[Nikitaras]] in the eastern part of [[Central Greece]]. In October 1823, he led a force of Roumeliots in the Peloponnese, and fought alongside the government of [[Georgios Kountouriotis]] against the rebels in the civil war. For his actions during that conflict, he was rewarded with the rank of [[brigadier]], promoted to [[lieutenant general]] in August 1824 and full general in late 1824.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

In March 1825, after the Peloponnese had been invaded by [[Egypt under Muhammad Ali and his successors|Egyptian forces]], he was appointed politarch (head of public order) of [[Kyparissia]] and took part in the [[Battle of Neokastro|defence of Neokastro]]. After the fortress fell on 11 May 1825, he hurried to [[Myloi, Argolis|Myloi]], near [[Nafplio]], arriving with one hundred men on 10 June. He ordered the construction of makeshift fortifications, as well as the gathering of provisions. More chieftains soon arrived in Myloi and [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim Pasha]], the commander of the Egyptian forces, was unable to take the position, despite numerical superiority and the launching of fierce attacks on 12 and 14 June. Makriyannis was injured during the battle and was carried to Nafplio.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

Soon after the battle, he married the daughter of a prominent Athenian, and his activities were thereafter inextricably linked with that city until his death. After Athens was captured by Ibrahim Pasha in June 1826, Makriyannis helped organise the defence of the Acropolis, and became the provisional commander of the garrison after the death of the commander, Yannis Gouras. He managed to repel a fierce assault against the [[Odeon of Herodes Atticus]] on 7 October, and during the defence of the Acropolis, he sustained heavy injures three times, to the head and to the neck.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> These wounds troubled him for the remainder of his life, but they did not dissuade him from taking part in the last phase of the war: in the spring of 1827 he took part in the battles of [[Piraeus]] and the battle of Analatos.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

===Activity after Greek Independence===
[[File:MakryiannisProsalentis.jpg|thumb|200px|Portrait by Spyridon Prosalentis.]]

====Governorship of Kapodistrias====
Makriyannis's activity did not cease with the achievement of Greek independence. After Governor [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] arrived in Greece, he appointed Makriyannis "General Leader of the Executive Authority of the Peloponnese", based in [[Argos]], in 1828. It was during this period, and more specifically on 26 February 1829, that he started writing his [[Yannis Makriyannis#Literary work|''Memoirs'']]. After Kapodistrias restructured the military in 1830, Makriyannis was given the rank of brigadier. However, he slowly came to oppose the [[John Capodistria#Administration|Governor's policies]] and eventually broke with him. He opposed what he considered Kapodistrias's personal authoritarianism and, on a more personal level, was concerned about whether his home region would be included or not in the liberated Greek state.<ref name="Macriyannis"/> Influenced by [[Ioannis Kolettis]], he even tried to force the Governor into accepting a constitutional form of government, using the troops under his command, but had no success.<ref name="NBCG"/> Finally, in August 1831, the government forced all civil servants and military personnel to sign an oath stating they were not part of secret organizations and that they were loyal servants of the government's commands. Makriyannis considered this to be degrading,<ref name="Helios">Encyclopaedic Dictionary ''The Helios.'' (in Greek)</ref> and tried to author his own version of an oath instead.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> This, however, was not accepted by the government, and he was consequently stripped of his positions.<ref name="Helios"/> His opposition to the existing regime did not cease with the Governor's assassination on 9 October 1831. He took the side of the "Constitutionalists" and fought against the governor's brother and successor [[Augustinos Kapodistrias]]. He did, however, condemn the assassination itself in the strongest terms.<ref name="Macriyannis"/>

====Reign of King Otto====
Otto, Prince of [[Bavaria]], was chosen as the first [[King of Greece]] in 1832, under the name [[Otto of Greece|Othon]]. His arrival in Nafplio, then the Greek capital, was hailed enthusiastically by Makriyannis. This attitude is exemplified in his ''Memoirs'': {{cquote2|quotetext=Today the fatherland is reborn, that for so long was lost and extinguished. Today are raised from the dead the fighters, political, religious, as well as military, for our King has come, that we begot with the power of God. Praised be your most virtuous name, omnipotent and most merciful Lord.|personquoted=General Makriyannis|quotesource=''Memoirs''.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>|quotewidth=##px|quoteheight=##px}} The hopes he had for the new regime, however, were soon to be dispelled. King Otho was underage and Bavarian regents were named to rule on his behalf during the first months of his rule. During the regency, Makriyannis came into conflict with the [[Minister for National Defence (Greece)|War Minister]], the Bavarian [[Carl Wilhelm von Heideck|Heideck]], due to the latter's attitude towards the veterans of the War of Independence. In the newly restructured [[Greek Army]], there was little place left for the [[Irregular military|irregular bands]] of [[klephts]]. These guerilla-styled fighters had formed the backbone of the Greek forces during the war, and Makriyannis considered their exclusion from the newly formed army disrespectful.<ref name="Helios"/> Furthermore, most of these men had been left with no resources after their exclusion from the military, and found themselves in a dire financial situation. Makriyannis also believed that the Prime Minister, the Bavarian [[Josef Ludwig von Armansperg|von Armansperg]], was personally responsible for the serious problems faced by the newly formed state.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> As a consequence, Makriyannis briefly retired from active politics.

After municipalities were first instituted by Royal decree on 27 December 1833, Makriyannis was elected to the city council of Athens (the city becoming the new capital in 1834). In that capacity he harshly criticised, to the extent that it was possible, what he perceived as omissions and authoritarianism by the royal administration and Palace Cabinet.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> He often voiced his demand for constitutional rule, even though the royal administration had initially held him in high esteem and given him the rank of [[colonel]].<ref name="NBCG"/> During the King's absence from Greece on the occasion of his marriage to [[Amalia of Oldenburg|Queen Amalia]] (late 1836 – early 1837), public discontent with von Armansperg was at its peak. The newspapers ''Athena'' and ''Elpis'' criticized him severely, and some politicians called for his removal. Makriyannis, in his capacity as President of the Athens city council, proposed, in January 1837, the adoption of a resolution to be handed to the King upon his return requesting the granting of a Constitution. Not long before that, at a banquet attended by former fighters of the War of Independence, such as [[Georgios Kountouriotis|Kountouriotis]], [[Kolokotronis]] and others, Makriyannis had toasted the health of the royal couple, adding "may God enlighten them to rule us through constitutional laws, in accordance with the fatherland's sacrifices". Von Armansperg immediately dissolved the city council, fired Mayor Petrakis and had Makriyannis placed under house arrest.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> Sometime during this period, Makriyannis commissioned 25 engravings from the painter and veteran of the War of Independence, Panaghiotis Zographos. The profits from the sales were used to the benefit of veterans of the war.<ref name="Macriyannis"/>

Meanwhile, the demand for constitutional liberties was becoming widespread, as was discontent with King Otto's Bavarian administration. The situation escalated in the [[3 September 1843 Revolution]] that led to the granting of the first [[Greek Constitution of 1844|Constitution]]. Makriyannis was one of the three leaders of the movement. He played a crucial part in paving the way for this, having started as early as 1840.<ref name="NBCG"/> After its granting, he also played an important part in the forming of the new cabinet.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> He was elected as a representative of Athens to the National (Constitutional) Assembly,<ref name="Helios"/> and headed an informal group of 63 representatives loyal to him. He personally proposed various recommendations during the course of the proceedings.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>{{Vague|What proceedings? What does it mean to propose recommendations?|date=February 2009}} Soon after the conclusion of the Assembly's work, however, he retired from politics.<ref name="Helios"/> For his leading role in the creation of the first Greek Constitution, Makriyannis was depicted on the [[Obverse and reverse|reverse]] of the Greek 50 [[Greek drachma|drachmas]] commemorative coin issued in 1994 for the 150th anniversary of this historic document.<ref>[http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en Bank of Greece]. Drachma Banknotes & Coins: [http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/Banknotes/coin_selection.asp?Value=50 50 drachmas]. – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.</ref> There are three versions of the coin, each featuring one of the three leaders of the 3 September movement: one features Makriyannis, one colonel [[Dimitri Kalergis|Dimitrios Kallergis]], and one minister (and later prime minister) [[Andreas Metaxas]].

Makriyannis stopped working on his memoirs in 1850, so information about the rest of his life, including his trial, comes from other sources. He was always outspoken about his views, and as a result he stirred negative reactions among his opponents. He opposed what he perceived as a continued degradation of the veterans of the War of Independence, and had repeatedly been considered suspect of plotting against King Otho. Furthermore, the King never quite forgave him for his part in the 3 September movement. When summoned to the palace and asked to denounce all the conspirators of 1843, Makriyannis refused, saying "I am not a slave".<ref name="Macriyannis"/> Eventually, in 1852, he was accused of planning to "overthrow the establishments and assassinate the King".<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> On 13 April 1852 he was placed under house arrest, heavily guarded and with an officer posted in the room next to his own. On 16 March 1853 he was sentenced to death, in what has been called a "pre-fabricated trial".<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> According to [[Pierre Vidal-Naquet|Vidal-Naquet]], the prosecution brought up false testimonies and false evidence.<ref name="Macriyannis"/> Furthermore, the president of the tribunal, [[Kitsos Tzavelas]], was a personal enemy of Makriyannis. Five out of the six judges voted for the death sentence, and requested the King to extend royal clemency.<ref name="Macriyannis"/> His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by the King, but he only spent 18 months in prison. King Otho reduced the sentence first to twenty, and later to ten years. He was finally pardoned and released on 2 September 1854, thanks to the [[Crimean War]]. The [[blockade]] of Peiraeus by the French and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] fleets also led to the imposition of Kallergis as [[Minister for National Defence (Greece)|Minister of War]], despite his previous attempts at overthrowing the King. Thus, Kallergis used his newly acquired influence to have Makriyannis released.<ref name="Macriyannis"/> Makriyannis suffered greatly in prison, and after his release suffered from hallucinations. His condition did not improve with the death of one of his younger sons in the cholera epidemic that struck Athens.<ref name="Macriyannis"/>

On 10 October 1862 a [[Otho I#Exile and death|revolution]] broke out, which led to the eviction of King Otho I from the country. Makriyannis's son, the future general Othon Makriyannis, reportedly presented his father with the King's golden crown.<ref name="NBCG"/> Makriyannis was restored to the ranks he had been stripped of as a result of his trial, and was re-elected as a representative of Athens to the new [[Greek Constitution of 1864|National (Constitutional) Assembly of 1864]]. He was promoted to the rank of general on 20 April 1864, and died on 27 April.<ref name="Macriyannis"/>

==Literary work==

===Assessment and significance===
Makriyannis concluded work on his ''Memoirs'' in the years before his imprisonment; the last entries seem to be from September or October 1850, as evinced by his references to the events of that period.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> In the text of the ''Memoirs'', one can see not only the personal adventures and disappointments of his long public career, but, more significantly, his views on people, situations and events, phrased clearly and quite often passionately. They were first published in 1907 by Yannis Vlahogiannis, while some fragments of them had earlier been published in the newspaper ''Acropolis'' in 1904. Spyridon Lambros, in 1908, noted his straightforwardness and slight egotism, along with his holding firm to his own opinion (as quoted by Sphyroeras).<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> [[Kostis Palamas]], in 1911, called his work "incomparable in its kind, a masterpiece of his illiterate, but strong and autonomous mind" (ibid).<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> It should be noted that Makriyannis had received only the most basic and fragmentary education, and, according to his own testimony, mastered writing shortly before he started writing his ''Memoirs'', while he was stationed in Argos.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

Makriyannis, having been ignored by history, and hardly mentioned by chroniclers of the War of Independence, had renewed interest in the revolution by offering a significant personal testimony to historical research. Despite this, after the initial interest in the newly published ''Memoirs'', they were hardly cited for almost 40 years. One could say that Makriyannis was forgotten, not only as a fighter, but also as the author of a text written in [[Demotic Greek]];<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> a text that, besides reproducing the heroic atmosphere of the War of Independence, is also a treasure-house of linguistic knowledge concerning the common Greek tongue of the time.

Makriyannis's reputation was revived during the [[Axis occupation of Greece during World War II|German occupation of Greece]]. In 1941, [[Yórgos Theotokás|Yorgos Theotokas]] published an article on the general, calling his ''Memoirs'' "a monument of Modern Greek literature" because they were written in pure Demotic Greek.<ref name="Theotokas">Yorgos Theotokas, ''General Makriyannis'', Nea Estia, 1941 (in Greek)</ref> Two years later, in 1943, the Greek Nobel laureate [[Giorgos Seferis]] gave a lecture on him, saying: {{cquote2|quotetext=In our times, ... when people seek to find in other people something clear and stable and compassionate, it is appropriate to speak of people such as Makriyannis.|personquoted=Giorgos Seferis|quotesource=''Dokimes (Essays)''<ref name="Seferis">Georgios Seferis, ''Dokimes (Essays)'' 3 vols. (vols 1–2, 3rd ed. (ed. G.P. Savidis) 1974, vol 3 (ed. Dimitri Daskalopoulos) 1992) (work first published 1944) (in Greek)</ref>|quotewidth=##px|quoteheight=##px}}
According to the National Book Centre of Greece, Seferis also stated that Makriyannis, along with [[Alexandros Papadiamantis]], is one of the two greatest masters of [[Modern_Greek_Literature#19th_century_literature_.281821_-_1880.29|modern Greek prose]].<ref name="NBCG"/>

Since then hundreds of essays have been written on the subject of his ''Memoirs'', and it would be fair to say that the chronicler has overshadowed the fighter, and with good reason, according to Sphyroeras.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> Spyros Asdrachas has noted that: {{cquote2|quotetext=The fact that an illiterate man managed to use the Demotic speech ... to achieve an expressive density and dynamism entirely unusual of Greek prose made a terrific impression on people.|personquoted=Spyros Asdrachas|quotesource=preface to ''Memoirs of General Makriyannis''<ref name="Makrygiannis-Asdr">General Makriyannis, ''Ἀπομνημονεύματα (Memoirs)'', Athens: 1957 (work first published 1907) (preface by Spyros Asdrachas) (in Greek)</ref>|quotewidth=##px|quoteheight=##px}}

The general's objectivity, however, has often been questioned. Vlahogiannis, in his preface to the ''Memoirs'', praises his honesty and contrasts it to his lack of objectivity and impartiality.<ref name="Makrygiannis-Vlahogiannis">Strategus Makriyannis, ''Ἀπομνημονεύματα (Memoirs)'', Athens: 1907 (preface by Yannis Vlahogiannis) (in Greek)</ref> While always straightforward, Makriyannis clearly holds a grudge against people he had come into conflict with. He often uses disparaging language against people like Kolokotronis, while staying silent about the more questionable deeds of people he had a favourable opinion of. According to Sphyroeras, however, his judgements do not stem from selfishness, but rather from his severity against those he considered were defaming the cause of Greece.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

A few months after completing his ''Memoirs'', on New Year's Eve in 1851, Makriyannis started to write another "history", as he called it, which he interrupted rather abruptly in late March 1852, when he was under house arrest. This text was acquired in 1936 or 1937 by Vlahogiannis, and was finally published in 1983 by Angelos Papakostas, aptly titled ''Visions and Wonders''. It has, according to Papakostas, far less historical significance than the ''Memoirs''.<ref name="Visions">General Makriyannis, ''Ὁράματα καὶ Θάματα (Visions and Wonders)'' (ed. Angelos Papakostas), Athens: 1983 (in Greek).</ref> The events described therein are given briefly, and are used only as an excuse for his meditations and the interpretation of his ''Visions'', on which he particularly insists. Vlahogiannis, according to Sphyroeras, considered the manuscript to be an overzealous work of a deranged mind, and that is the reason he did not publish it.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/> The work, however, is also the product of a physically and mentally tormented soul, who, being isolated at the age of 54, instead converses with God, the [[Panagia]], and the saints. It also shows Makriyannis's deep religious feeling; he turns away from guns, instead seeking the nation's salvation through divine intervention. Furthermore, as Sphyroeras points out, the work is unique in Modern Greek literature in its subject matter, and is, as the ''Memoirs'', a significant source of linguistic and cultural information.<ref name="Makrygiannis"/>

===Works===
*''Ἀπομνημονεύματα (Memoirs)'' first published: Athens: 1907
*''Ὁράματα καὶ Θάματα (Visions and Wonders)'' first published: Athens: 1983

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*''Encyclopaedic Dictionary The Helios'' (in Greek).
*Général Macriyannis, ''Mémoires'', (preface by Pierre Vidal-Naquet), Albin Michel (in French).
*[[George Seferis]], ''Dokimes'' (Essays) in 3 vols. (vols 1–2, 3rd ed. (ed. G.P. Savidis) 1974; vol 3 (ed. Dimitri Daskalopoulos) 1992) (work first published 1944) (in Greek).
*[http://book.culture.gr/Fakeloi/makrygiannis/biografia.htm National Book Centre of Greece's biography of Makriyannis] (affiliated with Ministry of Culture; in Greek).
*General Makriyannis, ''Ἀπομνημονεύματα'' (Memoirs), Athens: 1907 (preface by Yannis Vlahogiannis; in Greek).
*General Makriyannis, ''Ἀπομνημονεύματα'' (Memoirs), Athens: 1957 (first published 1907; preface by Spyros Asdrachas; in Greek).
*General Makriyannis, ''Ἀπομνημονεύματα'' (Memoirs), Athens: Papyros, 1996 (first published 1907; preface by V. Sphyroeras; in Greek).
*General Makriyannis, ''Makriyannis: The Memoirs of General Makriyannis 1797–1864'' (ed. & trans. H.A. Lidderdale), Oxford: [[OUP]], 1966 (in English).
*General Makriyannis, ''Ὁράματα καὶ Θάματα'' (Visions and Wonders; ed. Angelos Papakostas), Athens: 1983 (in Greek).
*[[Yorgos Theotokas]], ''General Makriyannis'', ''Nea Estia'' 1941 (in Greek).

==External links==
*[http://durabond.ca/gdouridas/makrygiannis.html Significant parts of the "Memoirs" (in Greek) and a painting of the general.]
*[http://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7 The text of the "Memoirs" on the Greek Wikisource] in monotonic.
*[http://www.phys.uoa.gr/~nektar/history/tributes/makriyannis/index.htm The Ἀπομνημονεύματα] in [[Greek diacritics|polytonic]].
*[http://users.sch.gr/ioakenanid/maqryjanniunfamiliarwork.htm "Miracles of the Divine Providence", commonly known as "Visions and Miracles"].
*[http://worldcoingallery.com/countries/img4/77-168.jpg An image of the 50 drachma coin featuring General Makriyannis.]

{{Good article}}

{{Greek War of Independence}}
{{Reign of Otto (1832-1862)}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=215549702}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Yannis Makriyannis
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Ιωάννης Μακρυγιάννης, Ioannis Makriyannis, Yannis Makriyiannis, Ioannis Makriyiannis, Ioannes Makriyannes, Ioannes Makriyiannes, Iōannēs Makrygiannēs, Johannes Macriyannis, Ioannis Triantaphyllou, Ioannes Triantaphyllou
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Officer
|DATE OF BIRTH=1797
|PLACE OF BIRTH=Avoriti, [[Doris (Greece)]], Greece
|DATE OF DEATH=1864
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Athens]], Greece
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Makriyannis, Yannis}}
[[Category:1797 births]]
[[Category:1864 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Phocis]]
[[Category:Ottoman Greeks]]
[[Category:Greek generals]]
[[Category:Greek writers]]
[[Category:Greek revolutionaries]]
[[Category:People of the Greek War of Independence]]
[[Category:Burials in Athens]]

Adolph Malan

2015-04-25T11:49:39Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 84035575 -> 226782884

{{for|the South African rugby player|Adolf Malan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Adolph Gysbert (Sailor) Malan
|birth_date=24 March 1910
|death_date= 17 September 1963 (aged 53)
|birth_place=[[Wellington, Western Cape|Wellington]], [[Cape Colony]] (now [[South Africa]])
|death_place=
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
|image=Group_Captain_A_G_Malan_WWII_IWM_CH_12661.jpg
|image_size=150
|caption=
|nickname=Sailor
|allegiance=[[United Kingdom]]
|serviceyears=1935 – 1946
|rank=[[Group Captain]]
|branch= [[Royal Air Force]]
|commands=- [[No. 74 Squadron RAF]] - 19 Fighter Wing, [[RAF Second Tactical Air Force|2nd TAF]] - 145 (Free French) Fighter Wing
|unit=
|battles='''[[World War II]]'''
*[[Battle of Barking Creek]]
*[[Battle of Dunkirk]]
*[[Battle of Britain]]
*[[Operation Overlord]]
|awards=[[Distinguished Service Order]] [[Medal bar|& Bar]] [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] [[Medal bar|& Bar]]
|laterwork=
}}

'''Adolph Gysbert Malan''', [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] [[Medal bar|& Bar]], [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|DFC]] [[Medal bar|& Bar]] (24 March 1910 – 17 September 1963), better known as '''Sailor Malan''', was a famed South African [[World War II]] [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] fighter pilot who led [[No. 74 Squadron RAF]] during the height of the [[Battle of Britain]]. Malan was known for sending German bomber pilots home with dead crews as a warning to other Luftwaffe crews.<ref>The Second World War, John Keegan, Penguin Books 1989, p. 102</ref> Under his leadership No. 74 became one of the RAF's best units. Malan scored 27 kills, seven shared destroyed, three probably destroyed and 16 damaged.<ref>Price 1997, p. 65.</ref>

Malan survived the war to become involved in the [[Internal resistance to South African apartheid|anti-apartheid movement]] in his country. His younger brother, George F. Malan, was killed flying with No. 72 Squadron RAF as a Spitfire pilot in Tunisia, in early 1943.<ref>Oxspring, Bobby. ''Spitfire Command'' London Grafton 1984 p161, p166 ISBN 0586070680</ref>

==Early life==
Malan was born in [[Wellington, Western Cape]], then part of the [[Cape Colony]]. He joined the South African Training Ship ''[[General Botha]]'' in 1924 or 1925 as a cadet (cadet number 168), after which he joined the [[Union-Castle Line]] of the [[International Mercantile Marine Co.]] which later earned him the nickname of "Sailor" amongst his pilot colleagues.

==Royal Air Force==
In 1935 the RAF started the rapid expansion of its pilot corps, and Malan was one of the people who joined up. He learned to fly in the [[Tiger Moth (plane)|Tiger Moth]] at an elementary flying school near [[Bristol]], flying for the first time on 6 January 1936. Commissioned an Acting Pilot Officer on 2 March,<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34265/pages/1742 London Gazette, 17 March 1936]</ref> he completed training by the end of the year, and was sent to join 74 Squadron on 20 December 1936. He was confirmed as a [[Pilot Officer]] on 6 January 1937,<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34380/pages/1750 London Gazette, 16 March 1937]</ref> and was appointed to acting Flight Commander of "A" Flight, flying [[Spitfire]]s, in August. He was promoted to acting [[Flying Officer]] on 20 May 1938<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34544/pages/5418 London Gazette, 23 August 1938]</ref> and promoted to substantive Flying Officer on 6 July.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34542/pages/5293 London Gazette, 16 August 1938]</ref> He received another promotion to acting [[Flight Lieutenant]] on 2 March 1939,<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34611/pages/2097 London Gazette, 2 March 1939]</ref> six months before the outbreak of war.

==The Second World War==

===The Battle of Barking Creek===
No. 74 Squadron saw its first action only 15 hours after war was declared, sent to intercept a bomber raid that turned out to be returning RAF planes. On 6 September 1939, "A" Flight was scrambled to intercept a suspected enemy radar track and ran into the Hurricanes of [[No. 56 Squadron RAF]]. Believing 56 to be the enemy, Malan ordered an attack. Paddy Byrne and [[John Freeborn]] downed two RAF aircraft, killing one officer, Montague Hulton-Harrop, in this [[friendly fire]] incident, which became known as the [[Battle of Barking Creek]]. At the subsequent [[courts-martial]], Malan denied responsibility for the attack.<ref name="nasson">
{{citation
| author = Bill Nasson (University of Stellenbosch)
| title = A flying Springbok of wartime British skies: A.G. ʻSailorʼ Malan
| publisher = ''Kronos, 35: 71-97'', University of Western Cape, South Africa, 2009
| url = http://repository.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10566/101/NassonSailor2009.pdf?sequence=1
| accessdate = 26 August 2010}}</ref> He testified for the prosecution against his own pilots stating that Freeborn had been irresponsible, impetuous, and had not taken proper heed of vital communications.<ref name="nasson"/> This prompted Freeborn's counsel, [[Patrick Hastings|Sir Patrick Hastings]] to call Malan a bare-faced liar.<ref>{{cite book|first=Bob|last=Cossey|title=A Tiger's Tale: The Story of Battle of Britain Fighter Ace Wg. Cdr. John Connell Freeborn|publisher=J & KH Publishing|year=2002 |ISBN= 978-1-900511-64-3|pages= 64–66}}</ref> Hastings was assisted in defending the pilots by [[Roger Bushell]], the London barrister and RAF Auxiliary pilot who later led the Great Escape from [[Stalag Luft III]].
The court ruled the entire incident was an unfortunate error and acquitted both pilots.<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen|last=Bungay|title=The Most Dangerous Enemy: A history of the Battle of Britain|publisher=Aurum Press|year= 2001|page=67}}</ref>

===Dunkirk===
Events soon overtook the squadron. After fierce fighting over Dunkirk during [[Operation Dynamo|the evacuation of Dunkirk]] on 28 June 1940, Malan was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (UK)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] having achieved five 'kills'. During this battle he first exhibited his fearless and implacable fighting spirit. In one incident he was able to coolly change the light bulb in his gunsight while in combat and then quickly return to the fray. During the night of 19/20 June Malan flew a night sortie in bright moonlight and shot down two [[Heinkel He-111]] bombers, a then unique feat for which a bar to his DFC was awarded. On 6 July, he was promoted to the permanent rank of Flight Lieutenant.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34915/pages/4811 London Gazette, 6 August 1940]</ref>

Malan and his senior pilots also decided to abandon the "vic" formation used by the RAF, and turned to a looser formation (the "[[finger-four]]") similar to the four aircraft Schwarm the '' [[Luftwaffe]]'' had developed during the Spanish Civil War. Legend has it that on 28 July he met [[Werner Mölders]] in combat, damaging his plane and wounding him, but failing to bring him down. Recent research has suggested however that Mölders was wounded in a fight with [[No. 41 Squadron RAF]].

===Squadron Leader – 74 Squadron===
On 8 August, Malan was given command of 74 Squadron and promoted to Acting [[Squadron Leader]]. This was at the height of the [[Battle of Britain]]. Three days later, on 11 August, action started at 7 am when 74 was sent to intercept a raid near [[Dover, England|Dover]], but this was followed by another three raids, lasting all day. At the end of the day, 74 had claimed to have shot down 38 aircraft, and was known from then on as "Sailor's August the Eleventh". Malan himself simply commented, "''thus ended a very successful morning of combat''." He received a bar to his DFC on 13 August.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34920/pages/4939 London Gazette, 13 August 1940]</ref>

On the ground, Malan was remembered as an inveterate gambler and often owed his subordinates money. Malan was older than most of his charges and although sociable and relaxed off-duty, he spent most of his time with his wife and family living near Biggin Hill. He would soon develop a routine of flying the first sortie of the day and then handing the squadron to a subordinate while he stayed on the ground to do paperwork. Despite frosty relations after the Battle of Barking Creek he would often give command of the squadron to [[John Freeborn]] (himself an [[Flying ace|ace]] of note), showing Malan's ability to keep the personal and professional separate.

Malan commanded 74 Squadron with strict discipline and did not suffer fools gladly, and could be high-handed with sergeant pilots (many non-commissioned pilots were joining the RAF at this time). He could also be reluctant to hand out decorations, and he had a strict yardstick by which he would make recommendations for medals: six kills confirmed for a DFC, twelve for a bar to the DFC; eighteen for a DSO.

[[File:Sailor Malan, colour oil painting by Cuthbert Orde.JPG|130px|thumb|right|Sailor Malan, colour oil painting by Cuthbert Orde]]On 29 December 1941 Malan was added to the select list of airmen who had sat for one of [[Cuthbert Orde]]'s iconic charcoal portraits. He also had the far rarer honour of having Orde paint a full colour painting.<ref>
{{citation
| author = RAF Museum
| title = Battle of Britain
| url = http://navigator.rafmuseum.org/results.do;jsessionid=7737A08DF483E2E4A45DB574929022DD?view=detail&db=object&pageSize=1&id=7603
| accessdate =4 November 2010}}</ref>

===Wing Commander – Biggin Hill===
On 24 December, Malan received the [[Distinguished Service Order]], and on 22 July 1941, a [[Medal bar|bar]] to the Order. On 10 March 1941 he was appointed as one of the first [[Wing (military unit)|Wing]] Leaders for the offensive operations that spring and summer, leading the Biggin Hill Wing until mid August, when he was rested from operations.
He finished his active fighter career in 1941 with 27 kills destroyed, 7 shared destroyed and 2 unconfirmed, 3 probables and 16 damaged, at the time the RAF's leading ace, and one of the highest scoring pilots to have served wholly with Fighter Command during World War II. He was transferred to the reserve as a Squadron Leader on 6 January 1942.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=36524 |supp=yes |startpage=2339 |date=23 May 1944}}</ref>

After tours to the USA and the Central Gunnery School, Malan was promoted to temporary [[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] on 1 September 1942<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35725 |supp=yes |startpage=4258 |date=1 October 1942}}</ref> and became Station Commander at [[Biggin Hill]], receiving a promotion to war substantive Wing Commander on 1 July 1943.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=36157 |startpage=3927 |date=3 September 1943 |supp=yes}}</ref> Malan remained keen to fly on operations, often ignoring standing orders for Station Commanders not to risk getting shot down. In October 1943 he became Officer Commanding [[No. 19 Wing RAF|19 Fighter Wing]], [[RAF Second Tactical Air Force]], then commander of the 145 (Free French) Fighter Wing in time for D-day, leading a section of the wing over the beaches during the late afternoon.

[[File:Malan and RAF officers D Day IWM CL 29.jpg|thumb|Malan and RAF officers D Day]]

==Rules of Air Fighting==
Although not an instinctive, gifted pilot Malan was an exceptional shot and a very aggressive air fighter, and above all a superb tactician who instilled the methods and techniques he had honed in 1940 into successive generations of young fighter pilots who followed him.

Malan developed a set of simple rules for fighter pilots, to be disseminated throughout [[RAF Fighter Command]], which eventually could be found tacked to the wall of most airbases:

'''TEN OF MY RULES FOR AIR FIGHTING'''

# Wait until you see the whites of his eyes. Fire short bursts of one to two seconds only when your sights are definitely "ON".
# Whilst shooting think of nothing else, brace the whole of your body: have both hands on the stick: concentrate on your ring sight.
# Always keep a sharp lookout. "Keep your finger out".
# Height gives you the initiative.
# Always turn and face the attack.
# Make your decisions promptly. It is better to act quickly even though your tactics are not the best.
# Never fly straight and level for more than 30 seconds in the combat area.
# When diving to attack always leave a proportion of your formation above to act as a top guard.
# ''INITIATIVE'', ''AGGRESSION'', ''AIR DISCIPLINE'', and ''TEAMWORK'' are words that MEAN something in Air Fighting.
# Go in quickly - Punch hard - Get out!

==Later life==
On 5 April 1946, Malan resigned his RAF commission, retaining the rank of [[Group Captain]]<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/37526/supplements/1795 London Gazette, 9 April 1946]</ref> and returned to South Africa where he joined the ''[[Torch Commando]]'' a joint project of the anti-fascist ex-servicemen's organisation, the ''[[Springbok Legion]]'' and the ''War Veterans Action committee''. Sailor Malan became the president of that new organization. In Malan's words, it was "established to oppose the police state, abuse of state power, censorship, racism, the removal of the Coloured vote and other oppressive manifestations of the creeping [[fascism]] of the National Party regime".

Amongst the leading members of the Springbok Legion were many ex-servicemen who would later join the African National Congress and Umkhonto we Sizwe under the leadership of [[Nelson Mandela]]. Amongst these were [[Joe Slovo]], Jack Hodgson, Wolfie Kodesh, Brian Bunting and Fred Carneson. After the National Party came to power and began to implement its policies, many found the Springbok Legion, founded in 1941, (see Torch commando) to be too left orientated and too radical. In 1950 members of the Springbok Legion began to work with other more liberal organizations and even the United Party official opposition, to find new ways to mobilise protest support against a string of Apartheid laws.

In 1951 the Springbok Legion, formed a protest group together with the War Veterans Action Committee, to appeal to a broader base of ex-servicemen, which they called the 'Torch Commando', as a tactic to fight the National Party's plans to [[Coloured vote constitutional crisis|remove Cape's "coloured" voters from the roll]]. [[Harry Schwarz]], an ex-serviceman and later a leading figure in the anti-apartheid movement was one of the founders of the organization. The Torch Commando fought a battle for more than five years, and at its height had 250,000 members. The government was so alarmed by the number of judges, public servants and military officers joining the organisation that a new law was passed to ban anyone in public service or the military from joining. The National Party tried to purge the memory of the Springbok Legion, Torch Commando and of Sailor Malan from history because there was a fear that young Afrikaners in particular might want to emulate Malan.

At its largest Torch Commando protest rally, the Springbok Legion attracted 75,000 people. In a speech at a rally outside City Hall in Johannesburg, Malan made reference to the ideals for which the Second World War was fought: “The strength of this gathering is evidence that the men and women who fought in the war for freedom still cherish what they fought for. We are determined not to be denied the fruits of that victory.”

Malan died in 1963 from [[Parkinson's Disease]], at the time a rare and essentially mysterious malady. A considerable sum of money was raised in his name to further study the disease, a fund that continues to this day.

He is survived by his wife, Lynda, son Jonathan, and daughter Valerie.

In the 1969 war film [[Battle of Britain (film)|''Battle of Britain'']], the [[Robert Shaw (British actor)|Robert Shaw]] character 'Squadron Leader Skipper' was explicitly based on Malan, as recounted by director [[Guy Hamilton]] in the documentary 'A Film for the Few', which was included with the 2004 Special Edition DVD release. At one point early in the film, Skipper gives advanced [[air combat maneuvering|air combat manoeuvering]] training to an inexperienced pilot, and angrily barks "Never fly straight and level for more than 30 seconds in the combat area!"—quoting one of Malan's rules.

==Awards==
*[[Distinguished Service Order]] and Bar
*[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] and Bar
* Belgium [[War Cross (Belgium)|Croix de Guerre]]
* [[Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945|The Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945]]
* [[French Legion Of Honour]]
* [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|French Croix de Guerre]]

==See also==
*[[Flying ace]]
*[[List of top World War II aces]]
*[[List of World War II aces from South Africa]]
*[[Huguenots in South Africa]], for the history of French surnames (like Malan) in South Africa.

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* Franks, Norman L.R. ''Sky Tiger The Story of Sailor Malan''. Crecy, Manchester, UK. 1994. ISBN 9-780907-57-9830.
* Walker, Oliver '' Sailor Malan''. Casssell & Co Ltd. 1953.
* Price, Dr. Alfred. ''Spitfire Mark V Aces, 1941-45''. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1997. ISBN 978-1-85532-635-4.
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0259-01902009000100004&script=sci_arttext A flying Springbok of wartime British skies: A.G. 'Sailor' Malan - Bill Nasson]
* [http://zar.co.za/sailor.htm ZAR.co.za Biography]

{{Commons category|Adolph Malan}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=226782884}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Malan, Adolph
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British flying ace
| DATE OF BIRTH = 24 March 1910
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Wellington, Western Cape]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 17 September 1963
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malan, Adolph}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Cape Winelands District Municipality]]
[[Category:Afrikaner people]]
[[Category:South African people of Huguenot descent]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:South African military personnel]]
[[Category:South African World War II flying aces]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:British World War II flying aces]]
[[Category:The Few]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order and Bar]]
[[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease]]
[[Category:Anti-apartheid activists]]

Axel Leijonhufvud

2015-04-25T11:08:55Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 121752301 -> 22269466

{{Infobox economist
| name = Axel Leijonhufvud
| school_tradition = [[Neoclassical economics]]
| color = indigo
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1933
| birth_place = [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Swedish
| institution = [[University of Trento]] [[UCLA]] [[Brookings Institution]]
| field =
| alma_mater = [[Lund University]] [[University of Pittsburgh]] [[Northwestern University]]
| influences = [[Léon Walras]]
| influenced = [[Yanis Varoufakis]]
| contributions =
| awards =
| signature = 
| repec_prefix = | repec_id =
}}

'''Axel Leijonhufvud''' (born 1933) is a Swedish [[economist]], currently professor [[emeritus]] at the University of California Los Angeles ([[UCLA]]) and professor at the [[University of Trento]], Italy.

==Academic career==
He obtained his Bachelor's degree at the [[University of Lund]], earned an MA in Economics from the [[University of Pittsburgh]] and a Ph.D. in Economics from [[Northwestern University]] in 1967. He accepted a position as Acting Assistant Professor in the Economics Department at UCLA in 1964, was promoted to Associate Professor in 1967, and to Full Professor in 1971. In 1991, he started the Center for Computable Economics at UCLA and remained its Director until 1997. Leijonhufvud was awarded an [[honoris causa]] doctoral degree by the University of Lund in 1983. In 1995 Leijonhufvud was appointed Professor of Monetary Theory and Policy at the [[University of Trento]] in Italy, where he is also part of the CEEL (Computable and Experimental Economics Laboratory).

==Economic theory==
In 1968 he published a famous scholarly book entitled ''On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes''. Leijonhufvud's monetary economics vitally depended on the earlier work of his friend and mentor, the American economist [[Robert W. Clower]].

In the book, Leijonhufvud argued that [[John Hicks]]' [[IS/LM]] (Investment—Saving / Liquidity preference—Money supply) formulation of Keynes [[General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money|''General Theory'']] was inadequate as an explanation for the "involuntary unemployment" in John Maynard Keynes's writings.
Rather, Leijonhufvud's reading of Keynes emphasizes disequilibrium phenomena, which can't be addressed in the IS/LM framework, as central to Keynes explanation of unemployment and [[economic depression]]. Leijonhufvud used this observation as a point of departure to advocate a "cybernetic" approach to macroeconomics where the algorithm by which prices and quantities adjust is explicitly specified allowing the dynamic economy to be studied without imposing the standard Walrasian equilibrium concept. In particular, Leijonhufvud advocated formally modelling the process by which information moves through the economy.<ref>Snowdon 2002</ref> While the "cybernetic" approach may have failed to gain traction in [[mainstream economics]],<ref>Howitt 2002</ref> it presaged the [[rational expectations]] revolution that would ultimately supplant the IS/LM model as the dominant paradigm in academic macroeconomics.

Leijonhufvud wrote also the article "The Wicksell Connection: Variation on a Theme",<ref>Leijonhufvud 1979</ref> where he presents the [[Z-Theory]]. In another article called "Effective Demand Failures",<ref>Leijonhufvud 1973</ref> he presents the [[Corridor Hypothesis]].

In 2006 the Economics Department at UCLA organized a conference in honor of Axel Leijonhufvud's contributions to the department and to economics at large. [[Lars Peter Hansen]], [[Peter Howitt (economist)|Peter Howitt]], [[David K. Levine]], [[Edmund S. Phelps]], [[Thomas J. Sargent]], and [[Kenneth L. Sokoloff]] were among the contributors to this conference.<ref>Farmer 2008</ref>

== Notes ==
<references />

== References ==
* Farmer, Roger E.A. (editor), ''Macroeconomics in the Small and the Large. Essays on Microfoundations, Macroeconomic Applications and Economic History in Honor of Axel Leijonhufvud'', Edward Elgar, 2008.
* Howitt, Peter [http://www.econ.brown.edu/fac/Peter_Howitt/publication/Dalloz.pdf A Dictionary Article on Axel Leijonhufvud’s ''On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes: A Study in Monetary Theory'']. [[Brown University]]. January 29, 2002. Accessed April 28, 2008.
* Leijonhufvud, Axel ''On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes:A Study in Monetary Theory'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
* Leijonhufvud, Axel ''Effective Demand Failures'' The Swedish Journal of Economics, Vol. 75, No. 1, (Mar., 1973), pp. 27–48
* Leijonhufvud, Axel [http://www.econ.ucla.edu/workingpapers/wp165.pdf ''The Wicksell Connection: Variation on a Theme'']. [[UCLA]]. November 1979.
* Snowdon, Brian "Outside the Mainstream: An Interview with Axel Leijonhufvud", ''[[Macroeconomic Dynamics]]'', 8, 2004, 117–145. Online pre-print version: [http://www-ceel.economia.unitn.it/staff/leijonhufvud/interview.pdf ''Outside the Mainstream: An Interview with Axel Leijonhufvud'']. [[Northumbria University]]. May 17, 2002. Accessed April 28, 2008.

==External links==
* [http://www.econ.ucla.edu/people/Faculty/Leijonhufvud.html Axel Leijonhufvud's Homepage]
* [http://www-ceel.economia.unitn.it/staff/leijonhufvud/index.html Axel Leijonhufvud's Homepage at University of Trento]

{{Neoclassical economists}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=22269466}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Leijonhufvud, Axel
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Swedish economist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1933
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leijonhufvud, Axel}}
[[Category:Macroeconomists]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Swedish economists]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Katsuhiko Tokunaga

2015-04-25T10:02:19Z

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'''Katsuhiko "Katsu" Tokunaga''' (born 1957) is a [[Japan]]ese military aviation photographer, specialized in [[air-to-air photography]]. He works for a large number of aircraft manufacturers including Dassault, Embraer, Eurofighter, Korean Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, Mikoyan-Gurevich, Pilatus, Saab and Sukhoi.

Tokunaga started his career in the backseat of a [[United States Air Force]] [[T-33 Shooting Star|T-33A Shooting Star]] in 1978. To date he has flown between 50 and 60 fast jets in some 50 countries, logging 1400 flight hours.<ref>[http://airforce.gr/blog/interview-katsu-tokunaga/ Katsuhiko Tokunaga interview]</ref> He has also flown with and photographed the Royal Air Force [[Red Arrows]], Japanese [[Blue Impulse]], Canadian [[Snowbirds]], [[Breitling Jet Team]], Croatian [[Wings of Storm]], Chilean Air Force [[Halcones]], French [[Patrouille de France]], Italian [[Frecce Tricolori]], Portuguese [[Asas de Portugal]], Slovak Biele Albatrosys, Spanish [[Patrulla Aguila]], Swedish [[Team 60]], Swiss [[Patrouille Suisse]], Swiss [[PC-7 Team]], United States Air Force [[United States Air Force Thunderbirds|Thunderbirds]], United States Navy [[Blue Angels]], Polish [[White-Red Sparks]] and Yugoslavian [[Letece Zvesdes]].<ref>[http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/2000/articles/jan_00/tokunaga/index.html Katsuhiko Tokunaga at Code One Magazine]</ref>

He also published many books including 'Smoke Trails: The last of the F-4 Phantoms' (in cooperation with Jamie Hunter), 'Super Blue' and 'Top Teams'.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Twitter|k2dact}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=59281794}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Tokunaga, Katsuhiko
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Japanese military aviation photographer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1957
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Japanese photographers]]
[[Category:1957 births]]

Eliane Karp

2015-04-25T10:00:01Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 9227716 -> 200047422

{{Infobox first lady
|name = Eliane Karp
|image name = Eliane_Karp.jpg
|alt =
|office = First Lady of Peru
|term_start = July 28, 2001
|term_end = July 28, 2006
|president =
|predecessor = [[Keiko Fujimori]]
|successor = [[Pilar Nores de García]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|09|24|}}
|birth_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
|birthname = Eliane Chantal Karp Fernenburg
|death_date =
|death_place =
|citizenship = American Peruvian Belgian French
|party =
|spouse = [[Alejandro Toledo]] (m. 1972)
|relations =
|children = Chantal Toledo
|residence = [[Lima]]
|alma_mater = [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
|profession = [[Anthropology|Anthropologist]]
|religion = [[Jewish]]
|website = http://elianekarptoledo.com/
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
'''Eliane Chantal Karp-Toledo''' is a [[France|French]]-born [[anthropology|anthropologist]], and the wife of the {{As of|2006|alt=former}} [[president of Peru]], [[Alejandro Toledo]]. She specializes in the study of Andean indigenous cultures.<ref name="García2005">{{cite book|last=García|first=María Elena|title=Making indigenous citizens: identities, education, and multicultural development in Peru|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YO9SggUBoT0C&pg=PA56|accessdate=29 July 2011|year=2005|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-5015-8|pages=56–}}</ref>

==Early life==
Eliane Chantal Karp-Toledo was born in Paris in 1953. Her mother was Belgian and her father was Polish.<ref name="ynetnews.com">[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3318035,00.html Don’t cry for me, Peru – Israel News, Ynetnews]. Ynetnews.com (1995-06-20). Retrieved on 2013-02-15.</ref> She completed her [[Baccalauréat|baccalaureate]] at the Lycée Français in Brussels, and earned her [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in [[anthropology]] at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], specializing in [[Latin American Studies]]. She also holds a Master of Arts in [[Anthropology]] from [[Stanford University]]. Karp has taken courses on indigenous communities at the University of Mexico, and has done graduate work on Anthropology and Economic Development at the Catholic University of Peru.

At Stanford, she met Alejandro Toledo, whom she married in 1972. Karp first came to Peru in the late 1970s to study [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian (indigenous)]] communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Department Welcomes Eliane Karp-Toledo|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:cLu2OslwCcsJ:www.stanford.edu/dept/anthropology/cgi-bin/web/%3Fq%3Dsystem/files/anthsci_Newsletter07.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESheWs5fHT2gh6pWDQN_kLTnoUBRbzPMkoWCPAs-BkFNGZzEs8e9TF7fyuJJ2icAIFY2a1T3KajJ897JK4dubjpLMW13kJWFdZFePgxvpJeKbwoDz4KPzhyn1w4fIPoucoINVXD4&sig=AHIEtbRPP00URs6QMvPqJ9KU82jyDW3i0A|work=Stanford Department of Anthropology|accessdate=January 2, 2013}}</ref> In 1992 Karp and Toledo divorced and she returned to Israel with their daughter. The couple remarried and returned to Peru before her husband's 1995 campaign.<ref name="ynetnews.com"/>

During her husband's 2001 presidential bid, Karp contributed to a campaign which drew deeply on Toledo's indigenous heritage. She donned traditional Andean costume, rallied voters in Quechua, and demonstrated the couple's commitment to indigenous issues. According to ''The New York Times'', "her flaming red hair and fiery speeches made her a popular and controversial fixture at campaign rallies.”

==Political contributions==

In 2001, Karp became the First Lady of the Republic of Peru when Toledo was elected President, a position she held until 2006. While in office Karp became the honorary president of the Fund for the Development of Indigenous Communities of Latin America and the Caribbean.<ref>[http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/prensa/noticias/comunicados/4/21224/P21224.xml&xsl=/prensa/tpl-i/p6f.xsl&base=/prensa/tpl-i/top-bottom.xsl ''Latin America and the Caribbean's Indigenous People and Afro-descendents: Sociodemographic Information''], Retrieved May 25, 2012</ref>

=== CONAPA ===
Shortly after Toledo's inauguration, his administration created the National Commission on Andean, Amazon and Afro Peruvian Communities (CONAPA) of Peru, of which Karp served as president. The agency was meant to establish a development agenda for indigenous communities, provide representation of indigenous interests within the government, and lead the way to constitutional reforms that benefit indigenous peoples.<ref>{{cite book|author1=A. Kim Clark |author2=Marc Becker, Pro |title=Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YNNpBW8xPkwC&pg=PA241 |year=2007 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |isbn=978-0-8229-4336-5 |pages=241–}}</ref>

Others lamented the commission's ineffectiveness. Noting its lack of funding and of implementing powers, Diana Vindling called it "no more than a space for dialogue."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=RomJxg75MZMC&pg=PA142&dq=alejandro+toledo&hl=en&ei=PL7jTc_HKurfiALZ4pXMBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBDge#v=onepage&q=toledo&f=false ''The Indigenous World 2002–2003''], Diana Vinding, Retrieved May 30, 2011</ref> On the other hand, Oxfam's Martin Scurrah points out that the agency did good work. Noting that in addition to promoting a chapter on indigenous rights in the new constitution, Eliane Karp "intervened on numerous occasions in support of or in defense of indigenous initiatives."<ref name="Making Indigenous Citizens">[http://books.google.com/books?id=YO9SggUBoT0C&pg=PA55&dq=alejandro+toledo&hl=en&ei=ZHPiTc3rHYnTiAKhmYnBBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=alejandro%20toledo&f=false ''Making Indigenous Citizens''], Maria Elena Garcia, 2005, Retrieved May 30, 2011</ref>

Some critics viewed the very creation of the commission as a step backwards for indigenous Peruvians, noting its leadership by a person with no official government position rather than a Ministry head. The commission also absorbed the former SETAI (office of indigenous affairs) which reportedly led to a loss of autonomy and dynamism for that agency. Others complained that Karp's leadership of the commission represented a conflict of interest, givern her involvement in her own private NGO, Fundacion Pacha.<ref name="Making Indigenous Citizens"/>

In 2003, partly in response to these criticisms, Karp resigned from CONAPA, which was subsequently restructured as a national institute rather than a commission.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=WRJbWLVGRy4C&pg=PA72&dq=alejandro+toledo&hl=en&ei=6uTjTcWPH4zZiALb9ezKBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAzg8#v=onepage&q=alejandro%20toledo&f=false ''Beyond Neoliberalism in Latin America?''] John Burdich et al, Retrieved June 1, 2011</ref>

=== Macchu Pichu Artifacts ===
Throughout Toledo’s presidency, Karp participated in negotiations with Yale University for the return to Peru of over 350 indigenous artifacts. The museum pieces were excavated from Machu Picchu around 1915 and sent to Yale on a twelve month loan.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} On this matter, Peru had the support of the National Geographic Society and Senator [[Christopher Dodd]] of Connecticut. Negotiations stalled when the university refused to acknowledge Peru as the sole owners of the artifacts, but resumed under the García presidency.

In a ''New York Times'' op-ed, Karp accused Yale of waiting out “Peru’s first elected indigenous president, until Peru had a new leader who is frankly hostile to indigenous matters.” She also criticized the agreement between Peru and Yale that was finally arrived at in 2008. Under the terms of this agreement, Peru would have to build a museum and research center near Machu Picchu to Yale’s specifications before it could receive a portion of the articles for display and study. Most of the artifacts would remain with Yale.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/23/opinion/23karp-toledo.html?scp=1&sq=the%20lost%20treasure%20of%20macchu%20piccu&st=cse | work=The New York Times | first=Eliane | last=Karp-Toledo | title=The Lost Treasure of Machu Picchu | date=February 23, 2008}}</ref>

=== Pacha Foundation for a Change ===
In 2001, Karp started Fundación Pacha, a non-profit organization that oversees development projects for indigenous Peruvians. The foundation “places special emphasis on the design of sustainable development projects based on traditional and communal organizations and the development of productive skills to promote the comparative economic advantages of the Peruvian biodiversity and its rich potential for ecotourism.”<ref>[http://museumfoundationph.org/news/2007/03/23/a-latin-perspective-on-preserving-cultural-heritage.html ]{{dead link|date=February 2013}}</ref>

Karp remained the head of the organization until 2006. Pacha’s micro projects have included giving Amazonian peoples vaccinations against yellow fever, hepatitis B, and malaria, building basic community institutions, and providing equipment for basic medical care centers in rural areas with indigenous populations.<ref>[http://elianekarptoledo.com/curriculum.php?id=8 :. Eliane Karp – Toledo]. Elianekarptoledo.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-15.</ref>

In 2002 Karp reached out to Billionaire Philanthropist [[Bill Gates]] in order to fund a vaccination program for the Candoshi tribes people. Gates was unwilling to help, and instead began humanitarian aid efforts in Africa and China. Since then Karp has criticized Gate's for his unwillingness to, and acknowledges she felt it unfair to ignore Peru, when conditions in rural Peru are just as dire as other impoverished areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eliane Karp Cuestiona a Bill Gates|url=http://noticias.terra.com.pe/nacional/eliane-karp-cuestiona-a-bill-gates-en-su-blog,220525ece5bb5310VgnVCM3000009af154d0RCRD.html|work=article|publisher=Terra|accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref>

==Current activities==
Karp has publicly opposed the Garcia administration for its failure to uphold Indepa, and its continued alienation of the indigenous people. She has also shown support in favor of a push for more women in the Peruvian congress, and she acknowledges quotas as a means of achieving this.<ref name="Nunez">{{cite web|last=Nunez|first=Ana|title=Los medios y yo no nos dimos tiempo de comunicarnos bien|url=http://www.larepublica.pe/23-03-2012/eliane-karp-de-toledo-los-medios-y-yo-no-nos-dimos-tiempo-de-comunicarnos-bien|work=Article|publisher=la republica|accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref>

In March 2012 Karp returned to Peru to pursue a teaching position at [[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]], in the fall she will return to teach Anthropology in the Andean Studies postgraduate program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eliane Karp vuelve al Perú a enseñar curso de maestría en Universidad Católica|url=http://www.larepublica.pe/17-03-2012/eliane-karp-vuelve-al-peru-ensenar-curso-de-maestria-en-universidad-catolica|work=article|publisher=la republica|accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref> She has also announced she will undertake a book which examines the role of indigenous populations as they integrate into the democratic political process.<ref name="Nunez"/>

In May 2012 Karp participated in a human rights conference organized by the Program on Human Rights and the Center for Latin American Studies of [[Stanford University]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America|url=http://humanrights.stanford.edu/events/human_rights_of_indigenous_peoples_in_latin_america/|publisher=Program on Human Rights, Stanford University|accessdate=6/1/2012}}</ref> in which she called for a debate about the rights of indigenous peoples in Peru. Karp expressed “We propose that social inclusion and equal citizenship are key factors for good governance... The indigenous worldview has to be respected and integrated in public policies.” <ref>{{cite web|title=Former Peruvian President links ethnicity to poverty|url=http://humanrights.stanford.edu/news/former_peruvian_president_links_ethnicity_to_poverty_20120507/|publisher=The Stanford Daily|date= May 9, 2012|author=Sarah Moore|accessdate=6/1/2012}}</ref>

In October 2012 Karp recounted her meeting with [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], saying that it was inspiring and that she was impressed that Suu Kyi was able to stay so calm while being imprisoned for 15 years. Karp likened the situation to when she met the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]], who is living in exile, and urged support for a petition going through the U.N. to help combat human rights violations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mi encuentro con Aung San Suu Kyi|url=http://diario16.pe/noticia/19827-mi-encuentro-con-aung-san-suu-kyi|work=Diario 16|date=October 16, 2012}}</ref>

== Publications ==

===Books===

*Karp de Toledo, Eliane. ''Los pueblos indígenas en la agenda democrática: Estudios de caso de Bolivia, Ecuador, México y Perú''. Corporación Andina de Fomento, 2006.
*Karp de Toledo, Eliane: ''Allin Kausaynapaq, Interculturalidad y participación: Para vivir mejor con nosotros mismos''. Office of the First Lady of the Nation. Lima, May 22, 2006.
*Karp de Toledo, Eliane: ''La Diversidad Cultural y los ciudadanos del Sol y La Luna – Propuestas para la inclusión social y el desarrollo con identidad de los pueblos originarios del Perú''. Office of the First Lady of the Nation. Lima, November 30, 2004.
*Karp de Toledo, Eliane; Lema Tucker, Linda (eds.): ''El Tema Indígena en Debate. Aportes para la Reforma Constitucional''. Presented in the Congress of the Republic of Peru. Office of the First Lady of the Nation. Lima, April 2003.
*Karp de Toledo, Eliane: ''Hacia una nueva Nación, Kay Pachamanta''. Office of the First Lady of the Nation. Lima, July 2002. Second Edition, October 2002. Third Edition, June 2003.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== External links ==
{{commonscat}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=200047422}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Karp, Eliane
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = President of Peru
| DATE OF BIRTH =September 24, 1953
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Paris
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karp, Eliane}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:French Jews]]
[[Category:Israeli emigrants to Peru]]
[[Category:Israeli Jews]]
[[Category:People from Paris]]
[[Category:Peruvian Jews]]
[[Category:Polish Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish Polish history]]
[[Category:Peruvian people of French descent]]
[[Category:Peruvian people of Belgian descent]]
[[Category:Peruvian people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:First Ladies of Peru]]

Youp van ’t Hek

2015-04-25T08:39:55Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 198894638 -> 72482058

{{Infobox comedian
| name = Youp van 't Hek
| image = Youp van 't Hek - Ig Nobel Night - 2013.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Youp van 't Hek in 2013
| pseudonym = Youp van 't Hek
| birth_name = Joseph Jacobus Maria van 't Hek
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|2|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Naarden]], [[Netherlands]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| medium = [[Comedian]] and [[columnist]]
| active = 1973–present
| genre = [[Cabaret]], [[Stand-up comedy]], [[Observational comedy]], [[Musical comedy]], [[Cringe comedy]], [[Satire]], [[Political satire]], [[Sarcasm]], [[Ribaldry|Blue comedy]]
| subject = [[Marriage]], [[Interpersonal relationship|Relationships]], [[Family]], [[Childhood]], [[Everyday life]], [[Human behavior]], [[Current events]], [[Self-deprecation]], [[Social criticism]], [[Religion]], [[Death]], [[Oranjegekte]], [[Culture of the Netherlands|Dutch culture]]
| domesticpartner =
| notable_work = [[Buckler (beer)|Buckler]]
| signature =
| website = [http://www.youp.nl/ Official site]
| footnotes =
| current_members =
| past_members =
| module =
}}

'''Joseph Jacobus Maria "Youp" van 't Hek''' (born 28 February 1954) is a Dutch [[comedian]] and a [[columnist]] for [[NRC Handelsblad]].

== Biography ==
Youp was born and raised in the [[Gooi]], an upper-class region to the southeast of [[Amsterdam]]. He was one of the founding members of Cabaret NAR (Cabaret Jester). In the early 1980s Cabaret NAR success declined and Youp moved on as a solo artist.

His big break came in 1983 on [[KRO]]'s "De alles is anders-show". His energetic performance made him a household name overnight.

In his 1989 end-of-year show he ridiculed [[Buckler (beer)|Buckler]], a [[low-alcohol beer]] brewed by [[Heineken]], so effectively, sales plummeted and the brand was eventually withdrawn from the market.<ref>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NdxKIEjvRtsC&pg=PA246
|title=Contexts of metaphor
|publisher=Elsevier
|year=2001
|last=Leezenberg|first=Michiel|page=246
}}</ref> Youp has often cited this as the best joke in his career and has subsequently referred to it in all his retrospective shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trouw.nl/krantenarchief/1993/09/22/2685564/Buckler-drinkers_met_uitsterven_bedreigd.html |title=archiveDay |language=nl |publisher=Trouw.nl |date= |accessdate=2014-08-03}}</ref>

Youp van 't Hek is the brother of [[field hockey]] international [[Tom van 't Hek]].

== Shows ==

===With Cabaret NAR ===
* Your Youp for you (1973)
* Meer geluk dan wijsheid (More luck than wisdom) (1973)
* Gele ellebogen (Yellow elbows) (1974)
* Blaffende honden (Barking dogs) (1975)
* Alles in Wonderland (Everything in Wonderland, a wordplay on [[Alice in Wonderland]] because alles sounds similar to alice.) (1976)
* Romantiek met mayonnaise (Romance with [[mayonnaise]]) (1977)
* Geen vakantie voor Youp en Jan (No holiday for Youp and Jan) (1978)
* Zat ik maar thuis met een goed boek (If only I were home with a good book) (1979)
* Zonder twijfel (Without doubt) (1981)

===Solo===
[[File:Youp van 't Hek 1988.jpg|thumb|Youp van 't Hek in [[De Kleine Komedie]], 1988]]

* Man vermist (Man missing) (1982)
* Gebroken glas (Broken glass) (1983)
* Verlopen en verlaten (literally: Faded and abandoned, or more freely: Down and out) (1984)
* Tunnel zonder vluchtstrook (Tunnel without hard shoulder) (1986)
* Hond op het ijs (Dog on ice, as in "dancing on ice", not as in "champagne on ice") (1987)
* Oudejaarsconference 1989 (Old-Year's-Show, a show on New Year's Eve looking back on the most important/funny events of the past year) (1989)
* Alles of nooit (All or never) (1991)
* Ergens in de verte (Somewhere in the distance) (1992)
* Spelen met je leven (Playing with your life) (1994)
* Oudejaarsconference 1995 (Old-Year's-Show) (1995)
* Scherven (Shards) (1996)
* De waker, de slaper & de dromer (The guard, the sleeper & the dreamer) (1998)
* Mond vol tanden (literally: "Mouth full of teeth", meaning: "speechless", Old-Year's-Show) (1999)
* De wereld draait door (meaning both "Life goes on" and "The world is going crazy") (2000)
* Youp speelt Youp (Youp playing Youp, Old-Year's-Show) (2002)
* Prachtige paprika's (Wonderful sweet peppers) (2003)
* Het zelfmoordcommando (The suicide command) (2005)
* De schreeuwstorm (The shoutstorm, a wordplay on the Dutch "sneeuwstorm", meaning "snowstorm", and "schreeuwen", meaning "shouting") (2006)
* Troost (Comfort, Old-Year's-Show) (2008)
* Omdat de nacht (Because the night) (2009)
* De tweede viool (The second violin, Old-Year's-Show) (2011)
* Wigwam (2012)
* Mooie verhalen (Beautiful stories) (2014)
* Wat is de vraag? (What is the question?, Old-Year's-Show) (2014)

== Music ==
Youp van 't Hek has worked with a changing group of musicians to supply the music to the songs in his shows. The constant factor in his musical backup during almost his entire career has been [[Ton Scherpenzeel]] (keyboardist of [[Kayak (band)|Kayak]]), who has composed almost all of his songs. In most of his shows he also worked with multi-instrumentalist [[Rens van der Zalm]]. The music to Youp's songs is mostly played on [[piano]], [[accordion]], [[violin]] and [[acoustic guitar]], which reflects Youp's preference for classical music. One example of this is his rendition of the song [[Flappie]], ostensibly about a Christmas he experienced in 1961.

== Columns and books ==
Youp has written columns on sports and later on general topics for NRC Handelsblad since 1988. Several collections of these columns have been published by {{Ill|nl|Thomas Rap}} publishing. This company was founded by a friend of Youp, and has printed the texts of Van 't Hek's shows from the very first, unsuccessful days, when publishing them seemed a waste of money. Because of this, Youp never switched publishers. A list of the titles of his books that do not contain the texts of his shows:

Sports columns:
* Niks spel, knikkers ("Not the game, the marbles", it's the opposite of the saying: "It's not about the marbles, it's about the game", meaning that playing is more important than winning) (1989)
* Het hemd van de leeuw ("The undershirt of the lion", reference to a Dutch football song for their national team) (1990)
* Sportgek (Mad about sports) (1990)
* Floppie, Yourie en andere helden (Floppie, Yourie and other heroes) (1992)
* Eerst de man, dan de bal (First the player, then the ball) (1993)
* De selectie ("The selection"/"The squad", a compilation of his best sports columns) (1997)
General columns:
* Amah hoela (wordplay on [[Amah (occupation)|Amah]], a domestic servant, and a Dutch expression "Amehoela" or "Aan m'n hoela", meaning "no way" or "my ass") (1994)
* Ik schreeuwlelijk (I bigmouth, with bigmouth used as a verb) (1995)
* En het bleef nog lang onrustig in mijn hoofd (And my mind remained restless for a long time) (1996)
* Majesteit, (Majesty, ) (1997)
* Fax ([[Fax]]) (1998)
* Zaterdag (Saturday) (1999)
* Het zal me jeuken (literally: "it could itch me", meaning "I couldn't care less") (2000)
* Iedereen is in de war (Everybody is confused/crazy) (2001)
* 166x Youp (a compilation of his best columns) (2001)
* Het platte land (literally: "The flat land", referring to the Netherlands, when written as "platteland" it means: "countryside") (2002)
* Liegangst (Fear of lying, wordplay on [[Fear of flying]]) (2003)
* Hartjeuk en zieleczeem (Hartitch and souleczema) (2004)
* Het leven is wél leuk (Life IS fun, with the emphasis of denying that "Life sucks") (2005)
* Oelikoeli en andere goden ("Oelikoeli and other gods", Oelikoeli is a god that Youp made up. Youp is its only believer, because he says that as soon as a god has more than one believer, the believers start fighting each other) (2006)
* Youp is leuk? ("Youp is fun?", a compilation of his best columns) (2007)
* Iedereen is eigenaar van iets (Everybody is the owner of something) (2007)
* Bacteriën moeten ook leven (Bacterias have to live too) (2008)
* Omdat jij mijn beste vriend bent (Because you're my best friend) (2009)
Other books:
* Rijke meiden ("Rich girls", [[short story|short stories]]) (1991)
* Liedjes van A tot Z ("Songs from A to Z", an alphabetically ordered collection of lyrics) (2003)
* Komen & gaan, een week scharrelen rond Gare du Nord ("Coming and going, a week of wandering around Gare du Nord", [[poetry]]) (2004)
* De wonderlijke broertjes Pim en Pietje ("The amazing brothers Pim and Pietje", [[children's book]]) (2004)
* Bob & Youp (photographs by [[Bob Bronshoff]] with Youp improvising a column on what just might be the story behind the picture) (2009)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.youp.nl }}
* [http://weblogs.nrc.nl/weblog/youp His recent columns in NRC Handelsblad]

{{Authority control|VIAF=72482058}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Hek, Youp van 't
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Hek, Joseph Jacobus Maria van 't
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Dutch comedian
| DATE OF BIRTH = 28 February 1954
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Naarden, Netherlands
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hek, Youp van t}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dutch cabaret performers]]
[[Category:Dutch comedians]]
[[Category:Dutch comedy musicians]]
[[Category:Dutch male singers]]
[[Category:Dutch columnists]]
[[Category:Dutch satirists]]
[[Category:Dutch singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Dutch songwriters]]
[[Category:Dutch television personalities]]
[[Category:Dutch republicans]]
[[Category:Atheism activists]]
[[Category:Dutch atheists]]
[[Category:Former Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:People from Naarden]]
[[Category:Musicians from Amsterdam]]

Jay Harrington

2015-04-25T08:29:11Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 164425854 -> 264736066

{{no footnotes|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jay Harrington
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|11|15}}
| birth_place= [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Jay H. Harrington III''' (born November 15, 1971) is an American actor. He is known for his role as the title character in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] sitcom ''[[Better Off Ted]]''.

== Early life ==
Harrington was born and raised in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]]. He attended [[Wellesley High School]] and then studied theater at [[Syracuse University]].

== Career ==
Harrington has been featured as Dr. Simon O'Keefe on the [[The WB Television Network|WB]] drama ''[[Summerland (TV series)|Summerland]]'', FBI Special Agent Paul Ryan on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]'s short-lived ''[[The Inside (TV series)|The Inside]]'', and Steve on [[NBC]]'s version of ''[[Coupling (U.S. TV series)|Coupling]]''. He appeared in a recurring role on the police drama series ''[[The Division]]''. His has also had roles on ''[[A.U.S.A.]]'', ''[[The Shield]]'', ''[[Time of Your Life (TV series)|Time of Your Life]]'', ''[[Private Practice (TV series)|Private Practice]]'', and ''[[Burn Notice]]''.

In 2006, Harrington began appearing as Dr. Ron McCready on the series ''[[Desperate Housewives]]''. He starred as Ted Crisp in the comedy series ''[[Better Off Ted]]'' from March 2009 to January 2010. He has a recurring role in Season 4 of the [[TV Land]] comedy series ''[[Hot in Cleveland]]''. In 2014, he co-starred on the short-lived [[USA Network]] comedy series ''[[Benched]]''.

Harrington has appeared in films such as ''[[American Reunion]]'', ''[[Whatever It Takes (2000 film)|Whatever It Takes]]'', ''[[Anywhere but Here (film)|Anywhere but Here]]'', ''[[Catalina Trust]]'', ''[[A Little Inside]]'', and ''[[Partner(s)]]''. He has also performed on stage, starring as Jack in ''[[Boy's Life (play)|Boy's Life]]'' and appearing in the [[off-Broadway]] productions ''[[Barefoot in the Park]]'' and ''[[Tony and Tina's Wedding]]''.

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|364280}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=264736066}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME =Harrington, Jay
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American actor
| DATE OF BIRTH =November 15, 1971
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Wellesley, Massachusetts, U.S.
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrington, Jay}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Syracuse University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:People from Wellesley, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]

Susan Macdowell Eakins

2015-04-24T17:01:26Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 95821967 -> 75102921

{{Infobox artist
| name = Susan Macdowell Eakins
| image = The Artist's Wife and His Setter Dog.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption = Metropolitan Museum of Art [[Thomas Eakins]], ''The Artist's Wife and His Dog'' (1884-89), depicts Susan Macdowell Eakins and their dog Harry.
| birth_name = Susan Hannah Macdowell
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1851|9|21}}
| birth_place = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|12|27|1851|9|21}}<ref>[[Lloyd Goodrich]]. ''Thomas Eakins, Volume II''. Harvard Press, 1982. ISBN 0-674-88490-6. Page 283</ref>
| death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| resting_place = [[The Woodlands (Philadelphia)|Woodlands Cemetery]], Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|39|56|51.27|N|75|12|3.98|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| nationality = American
| spouse = [[Thomas Eakins]]
| field = Painter
| training = [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]], [[Thomas Eakins]]
| awards = [[Mary Smith Prize]] in 1879 and Charles Toppan prize in 1882 from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.<ref name="Gaze p. 485" />
| bgcolour = LightSteelBlue
}}

'''Susan Hannah Macdowell Eakins''' (September 21, 1851 – December 27, 1938) was an American painter and photographer. Her works were first shown at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]], where she was a student. She won the [[Mary Smith Prize]] there in 1879 and Charles Toppan prize in 1882. One of her teachers was artist [[Thomas Eakins]], who later became her husband. She made portrait and still life paintings. She was also known of her photography. After her husband died in 1916, Eakins became a prolific painter. Her works were exhibited in group exhibitions in her lifetime, but her first solo exhibition was held after she died.

==Early life==
She was the fifth of eight children of William H. Macdowell, a Philadelphia engraver and photographer, who also a skilled painter. He passed on to his 3 sons and 5 daughters his interest in [[Thomas Paine]] and [[freethought]].<ref name="Gaze p. 485" /><ref name="Gallery p. 141">University of Rochester. Memorial Art Gallery. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=EQFNEOEh0I8C&pg=PA141 Seeing America: Painting and Sculpture from the Collection of the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester]''. University Rochester Press; 1 January 2006. ISBN 978-1-58046-246-4. p. 141.</ref> Both Susan and her sister Elizabeth displayed early interest in art, which was encouraged by their father. Susan was given an attic studio for her artwork. Aside from her artistic talents, she was also a proficient pianist.<ref name="Kort p. 58">Carol Kort; Liz Sonneborn. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iCcpVOQRtN0C&pg=PA58 A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts]''. Infobase Publishing; 1 January 2002. ISBN 978-1-4381-0791-2. p. 58.</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Eakins H12.jpg|Thomas Eakins, ''Susan Hannah Macdowell, Unidentified Girl, Elizabeth Macdowell, and possibly Mary Macdowell at the Macdowell House'', {{circa|1880-1882}}
</gallery>

==Education==
She was 25 when she met Eakins at the Hazeltine Gallery where his painting ''[[The Gross Clinic]]'' was being exhibited in 1876. It was also shown at the [[Philadelphia Centennial Exposition]].<ref name="Gallery p. 141" /><ref name="A Drawing Manual">Thomas Eakins. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=w5MPeufDUmcC&pg=PA7 A Drawing Manual]''. Philadelphia Museum of Art; 2005. ISBN 978-0-300-10847-7. p. 7.</ref><ref name="A Drawing Manual"/> Unlike many, she was impressed by the controversial painting and she decided to study with him at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]], which she attended for six years.<ref name="Kort p. 58" /> At that time Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts was considered the best art school in the United States.<ref name="Kort p. 58" /> Before she studied with Eakins, she studied with [[Christian Schussele]].<ref name="Gaze p. 485" /> Under Eakins, she adopted a sober, realistic style similar to her teacher's. She was an outstanding student and winner of the Mary Smith prize for the best painting by a matriculating woman artist.<ref name="Askart">{{cite web|url=http://www.askart.com |title=Art Prices, Painting Value, Art Appraisal, Art Values, Auction Prices |publisher=AskART |date= |accessdate=2013-11-29}}</ref> Her sister, Elizabeth, studied at the academy beginning in 1876, too. Other female art students were [[Mary Cassatt]], [[Cecilia Beaux]], [[Emily Sartain]], and [[Alice Barber Stephens]]. They received a good education in art, but were restricted from painting live models.<ref name="Gaze p. 485" /> During her time as a student, she became class secretary, during which time she pulled for inclusion of women artists in the life-drawing classes of nude models.<ref name="Kort p. 58" />

==Marriage==
She married Eakins in 1884.<ref name="Gaze p. 485">{{cite book|last=Gaze|first=Delia|title=Dictionary of Women Artists|date=1997|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|isbn=1-884-964-21-4|page=485}}</ref> As director of the Pennsylvania of Fine Arts, Eakins had made the decision to use female and male nude models for the life studies classes for students of both genders. As a result of recriminations, he was asked to resign one year after their marriage. Even though he had support from some family and friends, it was a life-changing event that affected relationships in their lives and the Eakin's enthusiasm for life.<ref name="Gallery p. 141" />

Eakins spent most of her time supporting her husband’s career, entertaining guests and students, and faithfully backing him in his difficult times with the Academy, even when some members of her family aligned against Eakins.<ref name="Gaze pp. 485-486">{{cite book|last=Gaze|first=Delia|title=Dictionary of women Artists|date=1997|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|pages=485–486}}</ref> The couple had no children.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/02/books/review/02solomon.html|title=The Revenge of Thomas Eakins: A Life in Somber Tones|author=Sidney D. Kirkpatrick|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2013-11-29}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Eakins, Susan MacDowell Eakins, 1899.jpg|Thomas Eakins, ''Portrait of Susan Macdowell Eakins'', [[Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden|Hirshhorn Museum]]
File:Susan Macdowell Eakins - Portrait of Thomas Eakins.jpg|Susan Macdowell Eakins, ''Portrait of Thomas Eakins'', posthumous, {{circa|1920-25}}, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]
</gallery>

==Career==
Eakins painted portraits, many of which included family members, and scenes of domestic life.<ref name="Kort p. 58" /> Between 1876 and 1882, Eakins exhibited her work at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. While she was married, Eakins only painted sporadically.<ref name="Gaze pp. 485-486" /> Both had separate studios in their home. She shared a passion for photography with her husband, both as photographers and subjects, and employed it as a tool for their art. She also posed nude for many of his photos and took images of him.<ref name="Gaze p. 487">{{cite book|last=Gaze|first=Delia|title=Dictionary of Women Artists|date=1997|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|page=487}}</ref> In 1898 she became a member and exhibited her works at the Philadelphia Photographic Salon,<ref name="Gaze pp. 485-486" /> including ''Child with Doll'', one of her best photographs.<ref name="Kort p. 59" /> She exhibited in 1905 at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.<ref name="Gaze p. 485" />

Of her paintings, Thomas Eakins said of her that she was more adept with color than he and that she was "as good as a woman painter as he had ever seen." Susan Casteras, art historian, said of her ''Portrait of a Lady'', made in 1880, that it showed her "firm handling and solid anatomical construction blended with generally dark tonalities."<ref name="Kort p. 59">Carol Kort; Liz Sonneborn. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iCcpVOQRtN0C&pg=PA60 A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts]''. Infobase Publishing; 1 January 2002. ISBN 978-1-4381-0791-2. p. 59.</ref>

After Thomas Eakin's death in 1916, she returned to painting, working nearly every day, adding considerably to her output. Her paintings were made in a style that became warmer, looser, and brighter in tone.<ref name="Gaze p. 487" /> In 1936 her works and those of her husband and sister Elizabeth were exhibited at the Philadelphia Art Club.<ref name="Gaze p. 485" /><ref name="Kort p. 59" />

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Susan Macdowell Eakins, Woman in a Plaid Shawl, 1872.Jpeg|''Woman in a Plaid Shawl,'' 1872
File:Susan Macdowell Eakins, Gentleman and a Dog, 1878.jpg|''Gentleman and a Dog,'' 1878
File:Susan Macdowell Eakins, Still Life.jpg|''Still Life''
</gallery>

==Death==
She died in 1938 and is buried in the [[The Woodlands (Philadelphia)|Woodlands Cemetery]], Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.<ref>[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Eakins&GSiman=1&GScid=46665&GRid=15975078& ''Susan Macdowell Eakins.''] Woodland Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Retrieved April 30, 2014.</ref> It was not until 35 years after her death, in 1973, that she had her first one-woman exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.<ref name="Askart"/> In 1976 her work was included in the ''Nineteenth Century Women Artists'' exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art.<ref>Carol Kort; Liz Sonneborn. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iCcpVOQRtN0C&pg=PA60 A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts]''. Infobase Publishing; 1 January 2002. ISBN 978-1-4381-0791-2. p. 60.</ref>

In September and October 1977 an exhibition was held of the photographs and paintings of Susan, her sister Elizabeth and husband Thomas in Roanoke, Virginia at the [[North Cross School]].<ref>North Cross School. ''Thomas Eakins, Susan Macdowell Eakins, Elizabeth Macdowell Kenton: an exhibition of paintings, photographs, and artifacts, Slack Hall, North Cross School, Roanoke, Virginia, 18 September-2 October 1977''. Published for the North Cross School Living Gallery Exhibitions Program by Progress Press; 1977.</ref>

==Works==
Her works included:<ref>[http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?fq=object_type%3A%22Paintings%22&q=Susan+Macdowell+Eakins&start=0 Search: Susan Macdowell Eakins.] SIRIS database. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved April 30, 2014.</ref>
{{Div col}}
* ''Alfred Reynolds,'' oil on artist board, 1880-1900
* ''Anguish,'' oil, 1916
* ''Anna Hyatt Caldwell,'' oil. Mrs. Caldwell was the wife of Joseph Ralston Caldwell and died in 1935
* ''Artist and Model,'' oil
* ''Boy in Orange Shirt,'' oil
* ''Chaperone,'' watercolor on paper, 1879
* ''Child's Head,'' oil
* ''Clarence Cranmer,'' oil, 1920-1925
* ''Dancers,'' oil, {{circa|1890}}
* ''David Wilson Jordon,'' oil, [[Palmer Museum of Art]], [[Pennsylvania State University]]
* ''Dora Adelman,'' oil, 1935
* ''Double Figure Study,'' oil
* ''Dr. William N. Bradley,'' oil, 1934
* ''[[Edward Coles]] (1786-1868),'' oil, 1883, [[Chicago Historical Society]]
* ''Fruit and Flower Arrangement,'' oil, {{circa|1880}}
* ''Gentleman and Dog,'' oil, 1878
* ''Girl in Yellow Blouse (seated),'' oil on canvas
* ''Girl in Yellow Blouse (standing),'' oil on canvas
* ''Girl Reading,'' oil, {{circa|1879}}
* ''Girl Reading,'' oil, 1925-1930
* ''Girls Head from the Rear,'' oil, {{circa|1890-1900}}
* ''Grandfather Macdowell,'' oil, 1879
* ''Hannah Macdowell and Sister,'' oil, 1882
* ''Hannah Trimble Gardner Macdowell,'' oil, 1880-1885
* ''Joanna Wnukowska Kowalewski,'' oil, 1933
* ''Kate Lewis,'' oil, 1884, [[Allentown Art Museum]]
* ''Landscape,'' oil
* ''Lenore Adelman,'' oil, 1933
* ''Leroy Ireland,'' oil on canvas, 1910, [[Brooklyn Museum of Art]]
* ''Lewis Sisters (at home),'' oil, 1932
* ''Luigi Maratti,'' oil on canvas, 1932
* ''Margaret Eakins,'' watercolor, {{circa|1878}}
* ''Mrs. King,'' watercolor, 1879
* ''Murray with Barry Statue,'' watercolor on paper
* ''Music,'' oil on linen covered board, {{circa|1875}}, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
* ''Old Fashioned Dress,'' oil, 1880
* ''Old Man, Portrait Sketch,'' oil, {{circa|1885-1895}}
* ''Paul Crenshaw Physick, MD,'' oil, University of Pennsylvania
* ''Peonies,'' oil, 1925
* ''[[Pierre Menard]], 1766 - 1844,'' oil on canvas, Chicago History Museum
* ''Portrait of a Bearded Man,'' oil, 1932, Kennedy Galleries, New York, New York
* ''Portrait of a Lady,'' oil, 1880
* ''Portrait of a Man,'' oil, 1920-1930
* ''Portrait of a Philadelphia Lady,'' 1890s
* ''Portrait of a Soldier,'' oil, 1917
* ''Portrait of a Woman,'' oil, {{circa|1880-1885}}
* ''Portrait of Charles Bregler,'' oil on canvas, 1920s, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
* ''Portrait of David Wilson Jordan,'' oil, Palmer Museum of Art, Pennsylvania State University
* ''Portrait of Thomas Eakins,'' oil, {{circa|1889}}, [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]
* ''Reflections,'' oil, 1881
* ''Roseanna Williams,'' oil on wood panel, 1879, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
* ''Roseanna Williams,'' watercolor, 1879
* ''Sculptor and Model,'' oil, 1924
* ''Seated Girl in Tunic,'' oil, 1920-1930
* ''Seated Old Woman Reading,'' oil
* ''Spinning,'' watercolor, {{circa|1878}}
* ''Still Life,'' oil, {{circa|1920}}
* ''Still Life: Dish, Vegetable and Fruit,'' oil
* ''Study of Cello Player,'' oil, {{circa|1895-1900}}
* ''Study of a Man''
* ''Study of Susan,'' oil
* ''Susan and Elizabeth Macdowell (self-portrait),'' oil, 1879
* ''Susan and Elizabeth Macdowell (self-portrait),'' oil, 1910-1920
* ''Susan and Elizabeth Macdowell (self-portrait),'' oil, 1925
* ''Susan Hannah Macdowell Eakins (self-portrait as a child),'' oil, after 1861
* ''Susan Hannah Macdowell Eakins (self-portrait),'' oil, {{circa|1910-1920}}, private collection
* ''Tennis Player,'' oil, 1933
* ''The Bibliophile,'' oil, 1932
* ''The Spinners (Three Fates)'', oil on masonite
* ''[[Thomas McCall Cadwalader|Thomas Cadwalader, 1795 - 1873]],'' oil, 1882
* ''Thomas Cowperthwaite Eakins,'' oil, {{circa|1920}}
* ''Thomas Eakins Working at an Easel,'' oil on board, early to mid 1880s, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
* ''Two Ladies and Dog,'' oil, {{circa|1880-1885}}
* ''Two Sisters,'' oil on canvas, 1879
* ''Unidentified Girl,'' oil, {{circa|1879}}
* ''Unidentified Man,'' oil, 1880-1900
* ''Unidentified Woman,'' oil
* ''Two Ladies and a Dog,'' oil
* ''Walter Gardner Macdowell,'' oil, 1880-1930
* ''Watchful Guardian,'' oil, 1878
* ''William H. Macdowell, Portrait Sketch'' oil, 1880-1881
* ''William H. Macdowell,'' oil, 1881
* ''William Pepper (1810-1864)'' oil, 1883, University of Pennsylvania
* ''Woman in a Plain Shawl,'' oil on canvas, {{circa|1872}}
* ''Woman in Profile,'' oil, {{circa|1890-1900}}
* ''Woman Reading,'' oil on canvas, 1879-1884
* ''Woman Seated,'' oil, 1880, was in the collection of Mr. and Mrs. [[John D. Rockefeller III]]
* ''Woman with Book,'' oil
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/3aa/3aa44.htm Traditional Fine Arts Organization]
*[http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/THA24368 Artwork by Susan Macdowell Eakins in the Bryn Mawr College Art and Artifacts Collection]
{{Authority control|VIAF=75102921}}

{{New Woman (late 19th century)}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Eakins, Susan Macdowell
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Macdowell, Susan Hannah
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American photographer
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 21, 1851
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
| DATE OF DEATH = December 27, 1938
| PLACE OF DEATH = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eakins, Susan Macdowell}}
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Artists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Women photographers]]
[[Category:American women painters]]
[[Category:19th-century American painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]

Andrew Davis (Dirigent)

2015-04-24T13:16:41Z

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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

'''Sir Andrew Frank Davis'''<ref>''International Who's Who in Classical Music, Europa Publications Limited (2003; ISBN 1-85743-174-X), p. 176.</ref> [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (born 2 February 1944) is a British conductor. He is currently music director and principal conductor of [[Lyric Opera of Chicago]], chief conductor of the [[Melbourne Symphony Orchestra]] and conductor laureate of both the [[Toronto Symphony Orchestra]] and the [[BBC Symphony Orchestra]].

Born in [[Ashridge]], Hertfordshire to Robert J. Davis and his wife Florence Joyce (née Badminton), Davis grew up in [[Chesham]], Buckinghamshire, and in [[Watford]].<ref name="Walsh">{{cite news | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/conductor-of-hope-and-glory-1238820.html | title=Conductor of hope and glory | work=The Independent | author=John Walsh | date=13 September 1997 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> Davis attended [[Watford Grammar School for Boys|Watford Boys' Grammar School]], where he studied classics in his sixth form years. His adolescent musical work included playing the organ at the Palace Theatre, Watford.<ref name="Walsh"/> Davis studied at the [[Royal College of Music|Royal Academy of Music]] and [[King's College, Cambridge]] where he was an [[organ scholar]], graduating in 1967. He later studied conducting in Rome with [[Franco Ferrara]].

==Career==
Davis's first major post was as associate conductor of the [[BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra]], beginning in 1970. In 1975, he became music director of the [[Toronto Symphony Orchestra]] (TSO). He held the post until 1988, and then took the title of Conductor Laureate with the TSO.

In 1988, Davis became music director at [[Glyndebourne Festival Opera|Glyndebourne]], where he met the American soprano [[Gianna Rolandi]], who became his third wife.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4709392/Does-he-have-what-it-takes.html | title=Does he have what it takes? | work=Telegraph | author= | date=28 June 1997 | accessdate=26 November 2011}}</ref> Davis concluded his Glyndebourne tenure in 2000. In 1989, Sir [[John Drummond (arts administrator)|John Drummond]] appointed Davis as chief conductor of the [[BBC Symphony Orchestra]] (BBC SO).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/sep/08/radio.bbc | title=Obituary: Sir John Drummond | work=The Guardian | author=Humphrey Burton | date=8 September 2006 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> During his BBC SO tenure, Davis restored the tradition established by [[Malcolm Sargent]] of the chief conductor of the BBC SO conducting the Last Night of [[The Proms]]. He was noted for his humorous Last Night speeches, including giving two speeches after the Major-General's patter song from ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]'',<ref name="Walsh"/><ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119408889/abstract | last=Cannadine | first=David | title=The 'Last Night of the Proms' in historical perspective | journal=Historical Research | volume=81 | issue=212 | pages=315–349 |date=May 2008 | accessdate=7 September 2009 | doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.2008.00466.x}}</ref> but he also more seriously addressed the deaths of [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], [[Mother Teresa]], and Sir [[Georg Solti]] in his 1997 Last Night speech.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/last-saturday-saw-the-last-night-of-the-proms-and-the-first-night-of-the-royal-operas-exile-at-the-barbican-robert-cowan-and-edward-seckerson-were-at-the-respective-venues-1239341.html | title=Last Saturday saw the Last Night of the Proms and the first night of the Royal Opera's exile at the Barbican. Robert Cowan and Edward Seckerson were at the respective venues... | work=The Independent | author=Robert Cowan/Edward Seckerson | date=15 September 1997 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> Davis stepped down as the BBC SO's chief conductor in 2000 and now holds the title of conductor laureate of the BBC SO.

In May 1992, Davis was appointed a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) and in the 1999 New Year Honours List he was appointed [[Knight Bachelor]]. In 2002, he conducted the [[Prom at the Palace]] concert, held in the gardens of [[Buckingham Palace]] as part of the celebrations for the [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Queen's Golden Jubilee]].

Davis became the music director and principal conductor of the [[Lyric Opera of Chicago]] in 2000. His work in Chicago has included his first conducting of ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'' cycle of [[Richard Wagner]] in 2005<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/apr/07/classicalmusicandopera | title=Der Ring des Nibelungen (Lyric Opera, Chicago) | work=The Guardian | author=Martin Kettle | date=7 April 2005 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> and the first Chicago production of [[Michael Tippett]]'s ''[[The Midsummer Marriage]]''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,,25957499-16947,00.html | title=Davis's baton change | work=The Australian | author=Matthew Westwood | date=21 August 2009 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> His current contract with Lyric Opera of Chicago is through the 2020–2021 season.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.lyricopera.org/pressroom/davis-melbourne-symphony.aspx| title=Sir Andrew Davis adds chief conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra to his responsibilities | publisher=Lyric Opera of Chicago | date=17 June 2012 | accessdate=26 June 2012}}</ref>

In 2005, Davis became Music Advisor to the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]], for a designated three-year period. In September 2006, he announced that he would relinquish this position with Pittsburgh after the 2007–2008 season.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06272/725916-42.stm | title=Future succession to keep PSO busy | work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | author=Andrew Druckenbrod | date=29 September 2006 | accessdate=28 April 2007}}</ref> In October 2007, Davis and the orchestra mutually agreed to terminate his contract early and for him not to conduct his scheduled Pittsburgh Symphony concerts in the 2007–2008 season, because of increased demands on his schedule.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07300/828842-42.stm | title=Davis backs out of PSO concerts | work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | author=Andrew Druckenbrod | date=27 October 2007 | accessdate=27 October 2007}}</ref> Outside of the USA, in June 2012, the [[Melbourne Symphony Orchestra]] named Davis its chief conductor, effective in January 2013, with an initial contract of 4 years.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.mso.com.au/news/2012/06/sir-andrew-davis/| title=Sir Andrew Davis announced as Melbourne Symphony Orchestra Chief Conductor | publisher=Melbourne Symphony Orchestra | date=18 June 2012 | accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref>

Davis has performed a wide range of repertoire, with a particular focus on contemporary British music. He is particularly associated with [[Michael Tippett]],<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.musicaltimes.co.uk/archive/obits/199803tippet.html | last=Cairns | first=David | title=Images of beauty: Michael Tippett 1905–1998 | journal=The Musical Times | volume=139 | issue=1861 | pages=4–5 |date=March 1998 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> including the British premiere of his work ''The Mask of Time''. Davis has recorded for a number of labels, including [[NMC Recordings]], Teldec and Deutsche Grammophon.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/feb/23/classicalmusicandopera.shopping | title=Chopin: Piano Concerto No 1; Liszt: Piano Concerto No 1, Li/ Philharmonia/ Davis | work=The Guardian | author=Tim Ashley | date=23 February 2007 | accessdate=7 September 2009}}</ref> He has also made a critically acclaimed recording of [[Harrison Birtwistle]]'s opera, ''[[The Mask of Orpheus]]''.

Davis and his wife reside in Chicago.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=q75808}}
*[http://www.sirandrewdavis.com/ Sir Andrew Davis official website]
*[http://sounds.bl.uk/Classical-music/Oral-history-of-Glyndebourne-opera/026M-C0511X0055XX-0001V0 An interview with Andrew Davis recorded in 1995] – a British Library sound recording

{{s-start}}
{{s-culture}}
{{succession box | title=[[Glyndebourne|Music Director, Glyndebourne Opera Festival]] | before=[[Bernard Haitink]] | years=1988–2000 | after=[[Vladimir Jurowski]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra|Principal Conductor, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra]] | before=[[Gennadi Rozhdestvensky]] | years= 1995–1998 (with [[Paavo Järvi]])| after=[[Alan Gilbert (conductor)|Alan Gilbert]]}}
{{succession box | title=[[Lyric Opera of Chicago|Music Director, Lyric Opera of Chicago]] | before=[[Bruno Bartoletti]] | years= 2000–present | after=Incumbent}}
{{s-end}}
{{Toronto Symphony conductors}}
{{BBCSO conductors}}
{{Portal|classical music|Opera}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=24801042}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Davis, Andrew
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British conductor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1944-02-02
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Ashridge, Hertfordshire
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Andrew}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Music]]
[[Category:BBC Symphony Orchestra]]
[[Category:English classical organists]]
[[Category:English conductors (music)]]
[[Category:Music directors (opera)]]
[[Category:Glyndebourne Festival Opera]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Organ scholars]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Conductors (music) awarded knighthoods]]
[[Category:Musicians from Hertfordshire]]

Aurel Croissant

2015-04-24T13:06:32Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 52518925 -> 267464431

'''Aurel Croissant''' (born 1969 in [[Germany]]) is Professor of Political Science at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences of the [[University of Heidelberg]].

== Education ==
Croissant received his Dr. Phil. in Political Science from the University of Mainz (magna cum laude) and his M.A. in Political Science, Sociology and Public Law from that university, which he graduated with summa cum laude. He speaks and reads German, English, French and has basic-to-intermediate skills in Korean, Thai and Spanish.

== Career ==
From 2004 to 2006 he was Assistant Professor at the [[Naval Postgraduate School]]'s National Security Affairs Department. In 2006 he joined Heidelberg University as full professor. Croissant teaches undergraduate, graduate and doctoral courses and supervises Bachelor's, Master's and doctoral theses in political science. His teaching and research focuses on Southeast and East Asian politics, democratization, civil-military relations, security studies and other topics in comparative politics. He has published more than 150 books, articles and book chapters in English and German which have also been translated into Spanish, Indonesian, Korean, and Russian. During 2001-2003, he taught as Assistant Professor at the [[University of Heidelberg|Ruprecht-Karls-University]] in Heidelberg, Germany. He taught and conducted research from 1996-2001 at the Johannes Gutenberg-University in [[Mainz]] and the University of Heidelberg, both in Germany. He taught and conducted research in Thailand, the Philippines and Korea and served as the Co-Chair of the Research Council on Democratization of the German Association of Political Science. Since 2012 he is coeditor of the quarterly Democratization. He is member of the academic advisory board of the Bertelsmann Transformatio Index, and the Sustainable Governance Index.

== Books/Edited Volumes (Selection) ==
* with Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Peter Thiery. ''Defekte Demokratien Band 2: Regionalanalysen''. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2006.
* with Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle, Claudia Eicher und Peter Thiery. ''Defekte Demokratien Band 1: Theorie''. Opladen: Leske+Budrich, 2003.
* with Beate Martin, ''Between Consolidation and Crisis. Elections and Democracy in Five Nations in Southeast Asia'', Münster: Lit Verlag, 2006.
* with Beate Martin and Sascha Kneip, ''The Politics of Death. Political Violence in Southeast Asia'', Münster: Lit Verlag, 2006.

== Articles ==
* Aurel Croissant, David Kuehn, Paul W. Chambers, and Siegfried O. Wolf, ''Beyond the Fallacy of Coup-ism: Conceptualizing Civilian Control of the Military in Emerging Democracie'', Democratization, forthcoming 2010.
* with Daniel Barlow. ''Terrorist Financing and Government Responses in Southeast Asia'', in: Harold Trinkunas and Jeanne Giraldo, eds., Terrorist Financing and Government Responses (Stanford: Stanford University Press, forthcoming).
* Aurel Croissant und David Kuehn, ''Patterns of Civilian Control of the Military in East Asia's New Democracies'', Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2009, pp. 187–218.
* ''The Perils and Promises of Democratization through United Nations Transitional Authority – Lessons from Cambodia and East Timor'', Democratization, Vol. 15, No. 3 (2008), pp. 649–668.
* ''Unrest in South Thailand: Contours, Causes and Consequences of Post-2001 Violence'', Contemporary Southeast Asia, vol. 27, no. 1 (2005).
* with Dan Pojar. ''The Parliamentary Elections in Thailand, February 2005'', Electoral Studies 25 (2006), 184-191.
* ''Muslim Insurgency, Political Violence and Democracy in Thailand'', Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 19, no. 1, January 2007.
* with Daniel Barlow. ''Following the Money Trail: Terrorist Financing and Government Responses in Southeast Asia'', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol. 29, no. 8, December 2006.
* ''From Transition to Defective Democracy? Mapping Asian Democratization'', in: Wolfgang Merkel and Aurel Croissant, eds. Consolidated or defective democracies? Problems of Regime Change, Special Issue of Democratization vol. 11, no. 5 (December 2004), 156-179.
* with Wolfgang Merkel. ''Introduction'', in: Aurel Croissant and Wolfgang Merkel, eds., Consolidated or defective democracies? Problems of Regime Change, Special Issue of Democratization vol. 11, no. 5 (December 2004), 1-10.
* with Wolfgang Merkel. ''Conclusion: Good and Defective Democracies'', in: Aurel Croissant and Wolfgang Merkel eds., Consolidated or defective democracies? Problems of Regime Change, Special Issue of Democratization vol. 11, no. 5 (December 2004), 199-214.
* ''Changing Welfare Regimes in East and Southeast Asia'', in: Social Policy & Administration, vol. 38, no. 5 (October 2004), 504-524.
* ''Riding the Tiger. Civil Control and the Military in Democratizing Korea'', in: Armed Forces and Society, Volume 30, No. 3 (Fall 2004), 357-381.
* ''Legislative Powers, Veto Players, and the Emergence of Delegative Democracy. A Comparison of Presidentialism in the Philippines and Korea'', in: Democratization, Vol. 10, No. 3 (June 2003), 68-99.
* with Jörn Dosch. ''Election Note: Thailand's first votes to the Senate and House of Representatives under the 1997 Constitution'', in: Electoral Studies, Vol. 22 (Summer 2003), 153-160.
* ''Majoritarian and Consensual Democracy, Electoral Systems and Democratic Consolidation in Asia'', in: Asian Perspective, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Summer 2002), 5―39.

{{Authority control|VIAF=267464431}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Croissant, Aurel S.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German political scientist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1969
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Croissant, Aurel S.}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:University of Mainz alumni]]
[[Category:German political scientists]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University faculty]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Johnnetta Cole

2015-04-24T12:50:16Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 193833272 -> 41936941

{{Infobox scientist
|name = Johnnetta B. Cole
|image =
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Johnnetta B. Cole
|birth_date = October 19, 1936
|birth_place = [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Florida]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Anthropology]]
|work_institutions = [[National Museum of African Art]] [[Spelman College]] [[Bennett College]]
|alma_mater = [[Oberlin College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]) [[Northwestern University]] ([[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|M.A.]]) ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
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|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
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|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
'''Johnnetta Betsch Cole''' (born October 19, 1936)<ref name="academy">[http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/col0bio-1 "Johnnetta B. Cole, PhD"] at the ''[[Academy of Achievement]]''</ref> is an [[United States|American]] anthropologist, educator and museum director. Cole was the first [[African-American]] female president of [[Spelman College]], a [[historically black college]], serving from 1987 to 1997. She was president of [[Bennett College]] from 2002 to 2007.

Since 2009, she has been Director of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s [[National Museum of African Art]], located in [[Washington, DC]].<ref>Trescott, Jacqueline (February 10, 2009). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/09/AR2009020902446.html "Johnnetta Cole Named New Director of the National Museum of African Art"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''; accessed October 5, 2011.</ref> In 2013, the ''Winston-Salem Chronicle'' described Cole as a distinguished educator, cultural anthropologist, and humanitarian.<ref name=gala2013 />

==Background==
Johnnetta Betsch was born in [[Jacksonville, Florida]], in 1936. She is a granddaughter of Florida's first black millionaire [[Abraham Lincoln Lewis]] and Mary Kingsley Sammis. Sammis' great-grandparents were [[Zephaniah Kingsley]], a slave trader and slave owner, and his wife and former slave [[Anna Kingsley|Anna Madgigine Jai]], originally from present-day [[Senegal]]. Her [[Fort George Island]] home is protected as [[Kingsley Plantation]], a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref>Jackson, Antoinette; Burns, Allan (January 2006). ''[http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/timu/timu_ethno.pdf Ethnohistorical Study of the Kingsley Plantation Community]'', [[National Park Service]], p. 24.</ref>

Cole enrolled at age 15 in [[Fisk University]], a historically black college. She transferred to [[Oberlin College]] in Ohio, where she completed a B.A. in [[anthropology]] in 1957. She did field research in [[Liberia]], West Africa, in 1960-61. She attended graduate school at [[Northwestern University]], earning her master's (1959) and Ph.D. (1967) in [[anthropology]].

==Teaching==
Cole taught briefly at [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]] (1964) and directed the [[Black Studies]] program at [[Washington State University]] at Pullman (1969–70). She started in 1970 in the Department of Anthropology at the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]], were she served until 1983. She also was [[Provost (education)|provost]] of undergraduate education from 1981 to 1983. While at the University of Massachusetts, she played a pivotal role in the development of the university's W.E.B. Du Bois Department of African-American Studies.

In 1983, Cole joined the faculty of [[Hunter College]], where she directed the Latin American and Caribbean Studies program. Beginning in 1997, Cole also taught in the Anthropology department of [[Emory University]], where she is now Presidential Distinguished Professor Emerita.

==Administration==
In 1987, Cole was selected as the first black female president of Spelman College, a prestigious [[historically black college]] for women. She served until 1997, building up their endowment through a $113 million capital campaign, attracting significantly higher enrollment as students increased, and overall raising the ranking of the school among the best liberal arts schools went up. [[Bill Cosby|Bill]] and [[Camille Cosby]] contributed $20 million to the capital campaign.<ref name="post">Jacqueline Trescott, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/09/AR2009020902446.html "Johnnetta Cole Named New Director of the National Museum of African Art"], ''[[Washington Post]]'', February 10, 2009.</ref>

After teaching at Emory University, she was recruited as president of [[Bennett College for Women]], also a historically black college for women. There she led another successful capital campaign. In addition, she founded an art gallery to contribute to the college's culture.<ref name="post"/> Cole is currently the Chair of the The Johnnetta B. Cole Global Diversity & Inclusion Institute founded at [[Bennett College for Women]]. She is a member of [[Delta Sigma Theta]] sorority.

In 2009 Cole was named as Director of the [[National Museum of African Art]], part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in Washington, DC.<ref name="post"/>

==Service==
Cole has also served in major corporations; she has been a director of [[Merck & Co.]] since 1994. She is the first woman elected to the board of [[Coca Cola]].<ref>Mezger, Roger (September 05, 2008). [http://blog.cleveland.com/business/2008/09/as_a_child_growing_up.html "Workplace diversity: Numbers aren't enough, speaker says"], ''[[The Plain Dealer]]''; accessed October 5, 2011.</ref> From 2004 to 2006, Cole was the Chair of the Board of Trustees of [[United Way of America]]<ref>[http://conferences.unitedway.org/wls_2011/biographies/johnnetta_cole "Dr. Johnnetta Cole"]. ''[[United Way of America]]''; accessed October 07, 2011.</ref> and is on the Board of Directors of the United Way of Greater Greensboro.<ref>[http://odi.osu.edu/administrative-offices/special-programs/national-conference/speakers/2011-keynote.php "Shifting Paradigms: Progressive Pathways to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion?"], ''Ohio State University''; accessed October 7, 2011.</ref> in the year of 2002.

==Political Activity==
President-elect [[Bill Clinton]] appointed Cole to his transition team for education, labor, the arts and humanities in 1992.<ref>[http://www.makers.com/johnnetta-cole Makers profile: Johnnetta Cole, Groundbreaking Scholar & College President</ref> Clinton considered her for the Cabinet post of [[Secretary of Education]],<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1106653 President of Spelman College, Johnnetta Cole], Fresh Air program, 1993</ref> but once the ''[[Jewish Daily Forward]]'' reported that she had been a member of the national committee of the [[Venceremos Brigades]], which the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] had tied to Cuban intelligence forces, Clinton did not advance her nomination.<ref>Susan Chira. [http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/10/weekinreview/conversations-johnnetta-b-cole-scholar-s-convictions-keep-her-pushing-power.html Conversations/Johnnetta B. Cole; A Scholar's Convictions Keep Her Pushing the Power of Words], ''New York Times'', Jan. 10, 1993</ref>

==Legacy and honors==
*In 2013, Cole received the highest citation of the [[International Civil Rights Center and Museum|International Civil Rights Center & Museum]], the Alston-Jones International Civil and Human Rights Award.<ref name=gala2013>{{cite news |url= http://www.wschronicle.com/2013/02/sit-in-museum-to-present-awards/ |title= Sit-in museum to present awards |date=February 1, 2013 |work= The Winston-Salem Chronicle |accessdate=April 11, 2013 }}</ref>
*Cole has received honorary degrees from [[Williams College]] and [[Bates College]] in 1989, [[Oberlin College]] in 1995, [[Mount Holyoke College]] in 1998, [[Mills College]] in 1999, and [[Howard University]] and [[North Carolina A&T State University]] in 2009.

==Quotes==
{{copy section to wikiquote}}
{{Quote|I pose that question to myself, why, in the 107 years of the history of this historically Black college for women, there has not been an African-American woman president.|Johnnetta B. Cole<ref name="academy"/>}}
{{Quote|This is a nation whose spoken and written vision is chillingly beautiful.|Johnnetta B. Cole<ref name=AA2>{{cite web| url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/steps/amd?target=col1-001|title=Keys to Success - The American Dream|work=Academy of Achievement|accessdate =November 24, 2007}}</ref>}}
{{Quote|The more we pull together toward a new day, the less it matters what pushed us apart in the past|Johnnetta B. Cole<ref name=AO>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlantaga.gov/media/speech_socaddress_010504.aspx|
title=State of the City Address, Mayor Shirley Franklin|work=City of Atlanta Online|accessdate =November 24, 2007 |date =January 5, 2004}}</ref>}}
{{Quote|We are for difference: for respecting difference for allowing difference, for encouraging difference, until difference no longer makes a difference.|Johnnetta B. Cole<ref name="AO"/>}}
{{Quote|The ultimate expression of generosity is not in giving of what you have, but in giving of who you are.|Johnnetta B. Cole<ref>[http://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/general-info/volunteer.shtml "Volunteer Opportunities"]. ''Sandiego.gov''; accessed October 5, 2011.</ref>}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.gale.com/free_resources/whm/bio/cole_j.htm Gale biography]
*[http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/cole_johnetta_b.html Voices from the Gaps biography]`
*[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/press/releases/speech/drcole.shtml 1998 commencement speech, Mount Holyoke College]
*[http://new.oberlin.edu/events-activities/commencement/krislov-speech-2009address.dot 2009 State-of-the-College Address, Oberlin College]
*[http://www.makers.com/johnnetta-cole Johnnetta Cole] Video produced by ''[[Makers: Women Who Make America]]''

{{Authority control|VIAF=41936941}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Cole, Johnetta
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American anthropologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1936-10-19
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Johnetta}}

[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American people of Senegalese descent]]
[[Category:American educators]]
[[Category:African-American academics]]
[[Category:African-American social scientists]]
[[Category:Bennett College]]
[[Category:Presidents of Spelman College]]
[[Category:American academics]]
[[Category:Women anthropologists]]
[[Category:Fisk University alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University alumni]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty]]
[[Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty]]
[[Category:Delta Sigma Theta members]]

Helen Codere

2015-04-24T12:48:07Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 51774833 -> 102993721

{{Infobox person
| name = Helen Frances Codere
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Helen Codere
| birth_date = {{birth date|1917|09|10}}
| birth_place = [[Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada]]
| death_date = {{death date|2009|06|05}}
| death_place = [[Concord, Massachusetts]]
| education = Ph.D. in [[Anthropology]], [[Columbia University]] (1950)
| occupation = [[Anthropologist]]}}

'''Helen Frances Codere''' (September 10, 1917 – June 5, 2009) was an American cultural anthropologist who received her BA from the [[University of Minnesota]] in 1939 and her PhD in [[anthropology]] from [[Columbia University]] where she studied with [[Ruth Benedict]]. She is best known for her work with the [[Kwakwaka'wakw]] people of coastal [[British Columbia]], Canada, known formerly as the "Kwakiutl."

Her academic years spanned over fifty years and included professorships at [[Vassar College]], the [[University of British Columbia]], [[Northwestern University]], [[Bennington College]], and the [[University of Pennsylvania]].

== Personal life ==

Helen Codere was born in [[Winnipeg]], but soon after moved to Minnesota. She never married and stated that "single women lack some of the freedom and mobility of single men; they are objects of even greater curiosity and scrutiny in a world in which going two by two is projected",<ref name="negri">Negri, Gloria. 2009 Helen Codere – A Real Anthropologist. The Boston Globe, July 5:http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2009/07/05/helen_codere_91_anthropologist_studied_rwanda_pacific_northwest/, accessed January 23, 2012. Print</ref> although she did have a longtime companion, Marion Tait.<ref name="irvine">Irvine, Judith T., Stephen Pastner. 2009 In Memoriam – Helen Codere, Anthropology News. October 1.http://fadograph.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/helen-codere-in-anthropology-news/, accessed January 23, 2012.</ref>

Her vacation place in Vermont closely resembles her childhood interest of living like the author [[Henry David Thoreau]] had once done – it had no running water, but a system of barrels with gutters along the two cabins. Codere favored khaki-type trousers and casual shirts. She is known for being a "renaissance woman," by her friends. "She was extremely accurate with words, had a great sense of humor, a compelling laugh, and was fiercely independent. She was adamant about reading the paper every day, and always looked ready to go on a hike".<ref name="negri"/>

==Career==
Codere held positions in the [[American Ethnological Society]] and various faculty appointments, notably [[Brandeis]] (1964–82), where she also served as dean of the graduate school (1974 – 77). Her academic appointments spanned five decades and included positions at [[Vassar College]], the [[University of British Columbia]], [[Northwestern University]], [[Bennington College]], and the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Her many awards and fellowships include the Social Science Research Council and the Guggenheim Foundation.<ref name="irvine"/>

“Codere entered anthropology at a time when the members of the American Anthropology Association would have fitted into one ballroom”,.<ref name="rosman"/> Codere was also one of the first women anthropologists to hold a senior faculty position in a university. Among her achievements, was the 1966 editing of [[Franz Boas]]' book ''Kwakiutl Ethnography''; after he died she continued the work of the Kwakiutl peoples.<ref name="irvine"/> In 1951, and 1954–55, Codere went on trips to study the Kwakiutl people, where she lived with a family.

==Later life==
After retiring, Codere lived on Concord where she continued to volunteer at the library, and spend time with her companion, Marion Tait. When Tait died, Codere never fully recovered. She died on June 5, 2009. She had donated all of her land to the Vermont Land Trust and most of her books to the library at the [[University of Vermont]]’s anthropology department.<ref name="irvine"/>

==Works==

===Kwakiutl===

Codere's first major work was ''Fighting with Property: Study of Kwakiutl Potlatching and Warfare, 1792–1930'', which was also her dissertation for Columbia. In this book, Codere tries to emphasize "the more amiable features [of the potlatch] such as the capacity for sociability and cooperativeness, rather than the aggressive and competitiveness",<ref name="rosman">Rosman, Abraham and Paula Rubel. 2010 Helen Francis Codere. American Anthropologist 112(2):342-–350.</ref> which was the dominant view of the time, and it was also seen as a wasteful and unproductive to civilized values. In ''Fighting with Property'', she carries out an historical examination of materials on the [[Kwakiutl]] people from 1792–1930, however, Boas' work formed the basis of her work. She documented that there was a "major shift that took place was the distribution of property and vigor of potlatches for social prestige and the co-existent decrease and final extinction of warfare and physical violence"<ref name="codere">Helen Codere. 1950 Fighting with Property: A Study of Kwakiutl Potlatching and Warfare. New York: J.J. Augustin</ref> which the Kwakiutl define as "fighting with property" rather than with weapons. She says that this change can have profound implications not only for an understanding of the Kwakiutl people but also "for knowledge of human potentialities for change away from destructiveness, at a point in the history of the world when such a change is necessary".<ref name="codere"/>

Her work on the Kwakiutl was not only important for understanding that culture but also because "first, it was one of the pioneering efforts of what later came to be known as historical anthropology. Second, while the majority of anthropologists of the time were doing synchronic studies of societies, Codere's work focused on culture change".<ref name="rosman"/>

===Rwanda===
After her work with the Kwakiutl, she expanded her work to the Tutsi and Hutu of [[Rwanda]] in 1959, during a time of revolution. "The general purpose of the Rwanda field research," she wrote, "was to study change." While in Rwanda, she was challenged to communicate in two languages – Kinyarwanda and French.<ref name="irvine"/> She collected forty-eight autobiographies of Rwandan men and women: [[Tutsi]], [[Hutu]], and Twa of different ages, education levels, economic statuses and occupations, and along with other research that had been done, she studied the social change, focusing more on the problems and social tensions, rather than the functional theory of society.<ref name="rosman"/> She viewed society has a "complex adaptive system" which was essentially a "bundle of relations".<ref name="codere2">Helen Codere. 1975 African Autobiography, the Biography of an African Society: Rwanda. The Journal of African History 16:473–474</ref> The autobiographies that she took showed the complexities of the [[caste system]] and also showed details of intercaste relationships, and the ways these were changing.<ref name="rosman"/> Her studies about Rwandan [[social structure]] were carried out when that very social structure entered a period of rapid transformation.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==

* Boas, Franz (1966) ''Kwakiutl Ethnography.'' Ed. by Helen Codere. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Codere, Helen (1950) ''Fighting with Property: A Study of Kwakiutl Potlatching and Warfare, 1792–1930.'' New York: J. J. Augustin.
* Codere, Helen (1956) "The Amiable Side of Kwakiutl Life: The Potlatch and the Play Potlatch." ''American Anthropologist,'' vol. 28, pp. 334–351.
* McFeat, Tom (ed.) (1966) ''Indians of the North Pacific Coast: Studies in Selected Topics.'' Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
* Anthropology News (October 2009) ''IN MEMORIAM'' of Helen Frances Codere, p. 44.

{{Authority control|VIAF=102993721}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Codere, Helen
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =cultural anthropologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 10, 1917
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada]]
| DATE OF DEATH = June 5, 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Concord, MA]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Codere, Helen}}
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:American anthropologists]]
[[Category:American anthropology writers]]
[[Category:Anthropology educators]]
[[Category:Vassar College faculty]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University faculty]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty]]
[[Category:1917 births]]

Lucas Bryant

2015-04-24T12:03:38Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 12112604 -> 220062674

{{Infobox person
| name = Lucas Bryant
| image = Lucas Bryant.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption=Bryant at MIPCOM in Cannes, France, 4 October 2010
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|09|28}}
| birth_place = [[Elmira, Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2002–present
| spouse = [[Kirsty Hinchcliffe]]
| children = 1
}}
'''Lucas Bryant''' (born September 28, 1978) is a [[Canadian-American]] actor. Bryant is most well known for his role as Nathan Wuornos in the [[Syfy]] TV channel series ''[[Haven (TV series)|Haven]]'' (2010–present).

==Early life==
Bryant was born in [[Elmira, Ontario]], [[Canada]] to Susan Hodges Bryant and M. Darrol Bryant <ref>[http://crosscultures.zenutech.com/article.php?article_id=94&issue_id=20 Cross cultures]</ref>he currently has dual Canadian and U.S. citizenship.<ref>[http://www.tv.com/lucas-bryant/person/127205/biography.html Lucas Bryant on TV.com]</ref> His father is from [[North Dakota]].<ref>[http://scifiandtvtalk.typepad.com/scifiandtvtalk/2010/08/havens-lucas-bryant-a-man-of-few-words.html#tp Haven's Lucas Bryant - A Man Of Few Words - SciFiAndTvTalk]</ref><ref>[http://www.tvismypacifier.com/?p=6129 Interview with Emily Rose, Lucas Bryant and Exec Producers Jim Dunn & Sam Ernst from Haven | TV Is My Pacifier]</ref> His mother was also born and raised in the [[United States]]. Bryant graduated from [[Elmira District Secondary School]] and studied acting at [[Sheridan College]] in [[Oakville, Ontario]].<ref>[http://www.therecord.com/whatson-story/2567038-elmira-native-finds-haven-on-new-tv-series/ The New Recorder July 10 2010]</ref>

==Acting career==
He was the star of the short-lived [[UPN]] [[television series]] ''[[Sex, Love & Secrets]]''. For television, Bryant has appeared in the movies ''[[Playing House]]'' and ''More Sex and the Single Mom'', as well as guest starred in the series ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'', ''[[Odyssey 5]]'' and ''[[Playmakers]]''. He has also starred in Canadian television projects, including ''Crazy Canucks'', ''An American in Canada'' and ''The Eleventh Hour''. Bryant has appeared on stage all over Canada in many productions, including ''The Crucible'' and ''The King and I''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Bryant appeared as Gabe McCall on the CBC drama ''MVP: The Secret Lives of Hockey Wives''. He currently stars in ''[[Haven (TV series)|Haven]]'', a TV series based on [[Stephen King]]'s novel "The Colorado Kid".<ref>[http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/37296/teaser-promo-stephen-kings-haven Teaser Promo: Stephen King's Haven]</ref> He and ''[[Haven (TV series)|Haven]]'' co-star [[Emily Rose (actress)|Emily Rose]] previously starred together in the 2010 "made-for-TV" suspense-thriller ''Perfect Plan''<ref>Perfect Plan trailer http://www.worldscreen.com/worldscreenings/display/211</ref>

[[BuddyTV]] ranked him #72 on its list of "TV's Sexiest Men of 2011".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/slideshows/white-collar/tvs-100-sexiest-men-of-2011-29104.aspx|title=TV's 100 Sexiest Men of 2011|publisher=[[BuddyTV]]|accessdate=March 9, 2012}}</ref>

In late-2012, Bryant starred in the [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] original movie ''Merry In-Laws''. Bryant played Peter, a teacher who becomes engaged to an astronomer. When she meets his parents she learns that they are really Mr. and Mrs. Santa Claus. The film co-stars former ''[[Cheers]]'' stars [[George Wendt]] and [[Shelley Long]] as Mr. and Mrs. Clause. The film is directed by [[Leslie Hope]] who previously directed Bryant in ''A Very Merry Daughter of the Bride''.<ref>[http://www.aenetworks.com/sites/default/files/its_a_wonderful_lifetime-movies.pdf ]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mip.itvstudios.com/programmes/hollywood-tv-movies/816/merry-in-laws |title=ITV MIPTV 2012 |publisher=Mip.itvstudios.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-10}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Bryant is married to Australian-born actress and personal trainer [[Kirsty Hinchcliffe]]. They have a daughter born in August 2008 <ref>{{cite web|author=booty caller |url=http://bootycaller.blogspot.com/ |title=booty call |publisher=Bootycaller.blogspot.com |date=2004-02-26 |accessdate=2012-09-10}}</ref><ref>[http://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=6125540883&topic=5163 ]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> and, as of July 2010, live in [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref>[http://www.syfy.com/haven/cast.php?id=3&type=actor Lucas Bryant as Nathan Wournos | Cast | Haven | Syfy]</ref><ref>[http://www.therecord.com/whatson-story/2567038-elmira-native-finds-haven-on-new-tv-series The New Recorder July 10 2010]</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scop="col"| Title
! scop="col"| Year
! scop="col"| Role
! scop="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! scope="row"| ''Sunday Morning''
| 2006
| Karey Brant
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Hate Musicals''
| 2007
| Brad
| Short film
|-
! scope="row"| ''{{sortname|The|Vow|The Vow (2012 film)}}''
| 2012
| Kyle
| Supporting role
|-
! scope="row"| ''{{sortname|The|Girl King|nolink=1}}''
| 2015
| Johan Oxenstierna
| ''filming''
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scop="col"| Title
! scop="col"| Year
! scop="col"| Role
! scop="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk]]''
| 2002
| student
| 1 episode: "...Wherever That Dream May Lead You"
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Playmakers]]''
| rowspan="2"| 2003
|
| 1 episode: "Man in Motion"
|-
! scope="row"| ''{{sortname|An|American in Canada}}''
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Crazy Canucks''
| rowspan="3"| 2004
| Ken Read
| Television film
|-
! scope="row"| ''{{sortname|The|Eleventh Hour|The Eleventh Hour (CTV series)}}''
|
| 1 episode: "Stormy Petrel"
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Odyssey 5]]''
| Young Chuck Taggert
| 1 episode: "Begotten"
|-
! scope="row"| ''More Sex & the Single Mom''
| rowspan="3"| 2005
| Gabe Emerson
| Television film
|-
! scope="row"| ''Queer as Folk''
| Tucker
| 2 episodes: "Anything in Common" and "I Love You"
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Sex, Love & Secrets]]''
| Milo Vanderbeer
| Main role (7 episodes)
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Playing House (2006 film)|Playing House]]''
| 2006
| Calvin Puddie
| Television film
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[MVP (TV series)|MVP]]''
| rowspan="3"| 2008
| Gabe McCall
| Series regular
|-
! scope="row"| ''Faux Baby''
| Harry
| Web series; series regular (5 episodes)
|-
! scope="row"| ''{{sortname|A|Very Merry Daughter of the Bride}}''
| Dylan
| Television film
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Dollhouse (TV series)|Dollhouse]]''
| 2009
| Travis Leeds
| 1 episode: "Echo"; deleted scene, uncredited
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Haven (TV series)|Haven]]''
| 2010–present
| Nathan Wuornos
| Main role
|-
! scope="row"| ''Perfect Plan''
| 2011
| Sean / Keenan Blake
| Television film
|-
! scope="row"| ''Merry In-Laws''
| 2012
| Peter
| Television film
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]''
| rowspan="3"| 2013
| Shaun McHenry
| 1 episode: "Dead of the Class"
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Cracked (Canadian TV series)|Cracked]]''
| Jesse Powell
| 1 episode: "Old Soldiers"
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)|Beauty & the Beast]]''
| Paul Davis
| 2 episodes: "Heart of Darkness" and "Playing with Fire"
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1674903|Lucas Bryant}}
*[http://www.criticizethis.ca/2011/06/audio-interview-actor-lucas-bryant-talks-haven.html Audio interview with Lucas Bryant about 'Haven']

{{Haven}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=220062674}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Bryant, Lucas
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Canadian actor
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 23, 1978
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Elmira, Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bryant, Lucas}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Canadian male film actors]]
[[Category:Canadian male television actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Woolwich, Ontario]]
[[Category:21st-century American male actors]]
[[Category:Canadian people of American descent]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Santa Monica, California]]
[[Category:Male actors from Ontario]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian male actors]]
[[Category:Sheridan College alumni]]

Elizabeth Barry

2015-04-24T11:13:18Z

BotMultichill: Following viaf redirect from 75878831 -> 72566280

{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
[[File:Elizabeth Barry.png|thumb|right|200px|Elizabeth Barry changed "like Nature which she represents, from Passion to Passion, from Extream to Extream, with piercing Force and with easy Grace".]]

'''Elizabeth Barry''' (1658 – 7 November 1713) was an [[England|English]] [[actress]] of the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] period.

She worked in big, prestigious [[London]] theatre companies throughout her successful career: from 1675 in the [[Duke's Company]], 1682 – 1695 in the monopoly [[United Company]], and from 1695 onwards as a member of the actors' cooperative usually known as [[Thomas Betterton|Betterton]]'s Company, of which she was one of the original shareholders. Her stage career began 15 years after the first-ever professional actresses had replaced [[Shakespeare]]'s boy heroines on the London stage.

The actor [[Thomas Betterton]] said that her acting gave "success to plays that would disgust the most patient reader", and the critic and playwright [[John Dennis (dramatist)|John Dennis]] described her as "that incomparable Actress changing like Nature which she represents, from Passion to Passion, from Extream to Extream, with piercing Force and with easy Grace".

==Early career==
A frequently repeated anecdote holds that the 17-year-old Barry at first performed so unskillfully that she was fired from the company several times, but was transformed into a brilliant actress by the coaching of her lover, [[John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester]]. While multiple sources confirm that Rochester was Barry's lover, the only source for the coaching story is a ''Life'' of Barry published in 1740 – 65 years after the events – by [[Edmund Curll]], well known for his fanciful and inaccurate biographies.

Barry was a successful comedian who created a variety of [[Restoration comedy]] heroines throughout her career, but her greatest impact on [[Restoration drama]] was as a [[Tragedy|tragic]] actress. Her capacity for projecting pathos was an inspiration to playwrights [[Thomas Otway]] and [[Thomas Southerne]] in the three famous tragic roles they wrote for her: Monimia in Otway's ''The Orphan'' (1680), Belvidera in Otway's ''Venice Preserved'' (1682), and Isabella in Southerne's ''The Fatal Marriage'' (1694). These three roles, wrote the prompter [[John Downes (prompter)|John Downes]], "gain'd her the Name of Famous Mrs. Barry, both at Court and City, for when ever She Acted any of these three Parts, she forc'd Tears from the Eyes of her Auditory, especially those who have any Sense of Pity for the Distress't." [[File:Dorset Gardens riverfront.jpg|thumb|left|250px|During the first part of her career, Barry worked at the Duke's Theatre at Dorset Gardens, on the riverfront, London's most luxurious playhouse.]]

In his autobiography many years later, [[Colley Cibber]] recalled the power of her voice: "When distress of Tenderness possess'd her, she subsided into the most affecting Melody and Softness. In the Art of exciting Pity, she had a Power beyond all the Actresses I have yet seen, or what your Imagination can conceive." Elizabeth Howe has argued that it was Barry's success in the role of Monimia that "clinched the movement away from [[heroic drama]] and started the establishment of '[[she-tragedy]]' as a popular genre." Barry was always described as being a plain woman. Portraits suggest intelligence but heavy features, and the playwright Thomas Shadwell writes in a letter in 1692 that it would have been better to have staged Nicholas Brady's ''The Rape'' in Roman dress, "and then w'th a Mantle to have covered her hips Mrs Barry would have acted ye part." Apparently none of this mattered to contemporaries. Even though Barry was "the ugliest Woman" in the world off stage, wrote the anonymous ''A Comparison Between the Two Stages'' (1702), she was "the finest Woman in the World upon the Stage."

==Later career==
Barry worked for the [[Duke's Company]] from 1675 to 1682, taking the role of Cordelia opposite [[Thomas Betterton]]'s Lear in [[Nahum Tate]]'s 1681 [[The History of King Lear|adaptation of Shakespeare's ''King Lear'']]. After the Duke's and the King's companies were amalgamated in 1682, she continued as one of the star performers of the new [[United Company]], which remained for 12 years the only theatrical company in London. The absence of rival companies left the actors in a weak bargaining position in relation to management, and when the United Company fell under the mismanagement of [[Christopher Rich (theatre manager)]] in the 1690s, "as sly a Tyrant as ever was at the Head of a Theatre," the senior actors including Barry, Betterton and [[Anne Bracegirdle]] left to form their own collaborative company. Barry was one of the original patent-holders of the actors' company, which opened at Lincoln's Inn Fields with the smash hit of [[William Congreve (playwright)|William Congreve's]] ''Love For Love'' in 1695 and continued to successfully challenge Rich's United Company.

Barry achieved remarkable public approval and business success for a single woman in London in the late 17th century, especially considering that she was generally known to have a daughter by Rochester and another by the playwright [[George Etherege]]. Many actresses at this time achieved the prize of respectability by being married, usually to actors, but Barry never married. In 1709 she retired from the stage.

==Fictional portrayals==
Barry is a supporting character in ''The Libertine'', Stephen Jeffrys' play about John Wilmot's life, as well as its [[The Libertine (2004 film)|2004 film adaptation]], in which she is portrayed by [[Samantha Morton]]. Barry also appears as a character in the 2015 play ''[exit Mrs Behn] or, The Leo Play'' by Christopher vanDer Ark.

==See also==
*[[John Vanbrugh]]
{{clear}}

==References==
*Cibber, Colley (first published 1740, Everyman's Library ed. 1976). ''An Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber''. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
*Highfill, Philip Jr, Burnim, Kalman A., and Langhans, Edward (1973–93). ''Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800''. 16 volumes. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
*Howe, Elizabeth (1992). ''The First English Actresses: Women and Drama 1660–1700''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*Milhous, Judith (1979). ''Thomas Betterton and the Management of Lincoln's Inn Fields 1695–1708''. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press.

==External links==

{{Wikisource1911Enc|Barry, Elizabeth}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=72566280}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Barry, Elizabeth
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British actor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1658
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 7 November 1713
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barry, Elizabeth}}
[[Category:1658 births]]
[[Category:1713 deaths]]
[[Category:English stage actresses]]
[[Category:17th-century English actresses]]
[[Category:18th-century English actresses]]

Rakhshan Banietemad

2015-04-24T11:09:49Z

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{{Infobox person
| name = رخشان بنی اعتماد Rakhshān Bani E'temād
| image =Rakhshan Banietemad.jpg
| imagesize = 180px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|4|3}}
| birth_place = [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]
| birth_name = Rakhshān Bani E'temād
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation = [[Film director]], [[film producer|producer]] and [[screenwriter]]
| academyawards =
| spouse = {{nowrap|Jahangir Kosari {{small|(1979–present)}}}}
| children = [[Baran Kosari]] {{small|(b. 1985)}}
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rakhshān Bani-E'temād''' ({{lang-fa| رخشان بنی اعتماد}}, born April 3, 1954 in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]) is an internationally and critically acclaimed [[Iran]]ian [[film director]] and [[screenwriter]]. She is widely considered Iran's premier female director, and her films have been praised at international festivals as well as being remarkably popular with Iranian critics and audiences.<ref>[http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-239/0804079641165007.htm Bani-Etemad film season in London - Irna]</ref> Her title as “First Lady of Iranian Cinema” is not only a reference to her prominence as a filmmaker, but it also connotes her social role of merging politics and family in her work.<ref>Cobbey, Rini. "Under the Skin of the City; Under the Surface Contrasts." ''Film in the Middle East and North Africa.'' Ed. Josef Gugler. Austin: Texas UP, 2011. 84-93.</ref>

==Early life and education==
Rakhshan Bani-E'temad was born into a middle-class family. While her parents wanted her to pursue a career in teaching, Bani-E'temad demonstrated an interest in film from a young age. As a teenager, she had decided to study film. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in film studies from the Dramatic Arts University in Tehran.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref>

==Career==
Shortly after completing her degree, Bani-E'temad began working for the Iranian television network IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting), where she began directing television documentary features.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref> Her features are steeped in the social and economic problems of Iran.<ref>Alissa Simon. "Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Facets.'' 3 May 2012. http://www.facets.org/critics/simon/bani-etemad.htm.</ref>

Bani-E'temad did not receive immediate praise upon entering the film industry. Her early feature films were met by harsh criticism. However, she finally earned critical and popular success in 1991 with her film ''Nargess.''<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref> She received the Best Director Award from the Fajr Film Festival, marking the first time in the history of the festival that a woman was awarded the Best Director prize. Since then, she has received numerous awards for her films, including a Bronze Leopard Award for her film ''The Blue-Veiled'' at the 1995 Locarno Film Festival.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref>

Since she began making films in 1978, she has come to exemplify her own unique style. Bani-E'temad’s films are considered socially and politically conscious social documentaries. She aims to reflect the realities of Iranian people’s daily life experiences. Her documentaries are centered on issues of poverty, criminality, divorce, polygamy, social norms, cultural taboos, women’s oppression, and cultural expectations.

Her 2001 film ''[[Under the Skin of the City]]'' was entered into the [[23rd Moscow International Film Festival]] where it won the Special Golden St.George.<ref name="Moscow2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2001 |title=23rd Moscow International Film Festival (2001) |accessdate=2013-03-30 |work=MIFF}}</ref> The following year she was a member of the jury at the [[24th Moscow International Film Festival]].<ref name="Moscow2002">{{cite web |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=2002 |title=24th Moscow International Film Festival (2002) |accessdate=2013-03-30 |work=MIFF}}</ref>

With her 2002 film ''Our Times'', Bani-E'temad became the first female filmmaker to explicitly confront the [[Iran-Iraq war]], placing her in an important role in Iranian film history.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref> She has been known to challenge censorship codes to the very edge.<ref>Whatley, Sheri. "Iranian Women Film Directors: A Clever Activism." ''Off Our Backs'' 27.1 (2003): 30-32. JSTOR. McHenry Lib., Santa Cruz, CA. 2 May 2012 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20837786>.</ref>

Bani-E'temad has reflected an interest and an attraction to strong female characters dealing with social issues.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref> In her more recent films, she features female characters from lower classes and incomes who are struggling to make a living.<ref>Whatley, Sheri. "Iranian Women Film Directors: A Clever Activism." ''Off Our Backs'' 27.1 (2003): 30-32. JSTOR. McHenry Lib., Santa Cruz, CA. 2 May 2012 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20837786>.</ref> Bani-E'temad highlights the strength and resilience of Iranian women as the hope for the future of the country. According to the filmmaker, despite the legal and cultural barriers and the economic hardships for lower income women, their strong nature is the admirable quality about women in Iran.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref> In addition, her films focus on the complex relationships between mothers and their children. This stems from her own experience as a mother in Iran, but also from the Iranian woman's inability to tackle her life without considering her maternal role—a reality that is deeply engrained in Iranian patriarchal structure.<ref>Alissa Simon. "Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Facets.'' 3 May 2012. http://www.facets.org/critics/simon/bani-etemad.htm>.</ref>

Despite the predominance of strong female protagonists in her work, Bani-E'temad is not to be confused with feminist filmmaking. In fact, Bani-Etemad has explicitly rejected the label often applied to her by Western film festivals as a “feminist filmmaker.” She is more concerned in the universal struggle of society’s lower rungs, regardless of gender. In addition, she does not associate with the label due to the implications of the word “feminist,” which in Iran has a more negative connotation than in America. According to Bani-E'temad, as long as the understanding of the term remains in Iran, she will disassociate with the label.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref>

Unlike most other Iranian filmmakers who share a common style, such as using long takes and non-professional actors, Bani-E'temad has her own distinct style. Her approach to the subject matter of her films is more emotional and theatrical. She has admit to letting the subject matter and theme of her films determine the structure, technique, and casting.<ref>Laurier, Joanne. Walsh, David. "An Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad, co-director of ''Gilaneh.'' ''World Socialist Web Site.'' 3 Oct. 2005. International Committee of the Fourth International. 4 May 2012 <http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/bani-o03.shtml>.</ref>

Bani-E'temad is recognized for combining the tropes of fiction and documentary film into her unique style. It is hard for the filmmaker to separate the two, and she finds that documentary elements often come into play as she is doing the research and shooting of her films. Her unique style emerged from her passion for representing the reality of Iranian society as accurately as possible. In order to achieve authenticity and reflect reality, Bani-E'temad personally spends time living in the conditions of people she is reflecting in her own characters. She relies on experience rather than research to provide a realistic portrayal. With her knowledge of the contemporary social issues she tackles, the filmmaker lives with families similar to her own characters prior to production in order to understand their conditions. For her 2005 film ''Gilaneh,'' Bani-E'temad spent a year and a half living in the village of Espili, observing the day-to-day lives of a war-torn population still suffering the repercussions of war, fifteen years after the Iran-Iraq war. In the process of dramatizing reality, she applies documentary conventions to reflect reality intimately.<ref>Laurier, Joanne. Walsh, David. "An Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad, co-director of ''Gilaneh.'' ''World Socialist Web Site.'' 3 Oct. 2005. International Committee of the Fourth International. 4 May 2012 <http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/bani-o03.shtml>.</ref>

In conjunction with her documentary approach to fictional film, Bani-E'temad’s signature style consists of films that deal with social issues specific to Iran yet still maintain broad international appeal. She is recognized for reflecting the struggles of Iran’s lower classes, the plight of single women and single mothers in Iran, and complicated family relationships. She often examines the duality of human nature in familial and work spaces. To accommodate documentary conventions, her characters directly address the camera.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref>

Her upcoming film ''[[Tales (film)|Tales]]'' has been selected to compete for the [[Golden Lion]] at the [[71st Venice International Film Festival]].<ref name="Venice">{{cite web |url=http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/71st-festival/line-up/off-sel/venezia71/ |title=International competition of feature films |accessdate=24 July 2014 |work=Venice}}</ref><ref name="Deadline">{{cite web |url=http://www.deadline.com/2014/07/venice-film-festival-lineup-2014-movie-list/ |title=Venice Film Festival Lineup Announced |accessdate=24 July 2014 |work=Deadline}}</ref>

==Legacy==
With a collection of films that combine absolute honesty with extraordinary subtlety, Bani-E'temad offers an analysis of the current cultural pressures shaping Iranian women's lives.<ref>Moruzzi, Norma Claire. "Women in Iran: Notes on Film and from the Field." ''Feminist Studies.'' 27.1(2001): 89-100. JSTOR. McHenry Lib., Santa Cruz, CA. 4 May 2012 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3178450>.</ref> She is widely recognized among Iranian audiences and critics as one of Iran's most prominent filmmakers, and has also enjoyed international popularity.<ref>"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films. 3 May 2012 <http://www.firouzanfilms.com/HallOfFame/Inductees/RakhshanBaniEtemad.html>.</ref> She was awarded an Honorary Degree from [[SOAS]] in 2008.<ref name="SOAS Honorary Fellows">{{cite web|title=SOAS Honorary Fellows|url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/fellows/|publisher=SOAS}}</ref>

==Personal life==
She is the wife of Iranian film producer [[Jahangir Kosari]]. Her daughter is Iranian actress [[Baran Kosari]], who has worked with her mother throughout most of her films. Baran began acting from a young age, and she is now a professional actress. She has appeared in her mother's films, as well as the films of other Iranian filmmakers.<ref>Alissa Simon. "Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Facets.'' 3 May 2012. http://www.facets.org/critics/simon/bani-etemad.htm>.</ref>

== Humanitarian Actions ==
She has donated her international prize for the movie [[Tales (film)|Ghesseh-ha]] to build a shelter for homeless women.
Previously she has also donated some of her awards to help disadvantaged women.

==Filmography (as a director)==
* ''Kharej az Mahdudeh'' (1986 - aka [[Off-Limits]])
* ''Zard-e Ghanari'' (1988 - aka [[Canary Yellow]])
* ''Pul-e Khareji'' (1989 - aka [[Foreign Currency]])
* ''[[Nargess]]'' (1992)
* ''Rusari Abi'' (1995 - aka [[The Blue-Veiled]])
* ''Banoo-ye Ordibehesht'' (1998 - [[The May Lady]])
* ''Baran-O-Bumi'' (1999 - aka [[Baran and the Native]] - short)
* ''[[Under the Skin of the City|Zir-e Pust-e Shahr]]'' (2001 - aka Under the Skin of the City)
* ''Ruzegar-e ma'' (2002 - aka [[Our Times]] - documentary)
* ''Gilane'' (2004)
* ''Khoon Bazi'' (2006 - aka [[Mainline (film)|Mainline]])
* [[We Are Half of Iran's Population]] (2009)
* ''[[Tales (film)|Ghesseh-ha]]'' (2014 - aka Tales)

==Honors and Awards==
* Bronze Leopard, 48th [[Locarno Film Festival]] (for ''The Blue-Veiled'')
* [[Prince Claus Awards|The Prince Claus Award]], 1998
* Best Achievement in Directing, [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]] (for ''Mainline'', with Mohsen Abdolvahab)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiapacificscreenawards.com/news_room/media_releases/asia_pacific_screen_awards_winners_announced|title=Asia Pacific Screen Awards Winners Announced|publisher=''AsiaPacificScreenAwards.com''|accessdate=2007-11-14}}</ref>
*Honorary doctorate, [[SOAS]], [[University of London]] (2008) <ref name="SOAS Honorary Fellows"/>
* Best Screenplay Award, [[71st Venice International Film Festival]] (for ''[[Tales (film)|Tales]]'', with [[Farid Mostafavi]])<ref name="VarietyAwards">{{cite web |url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/venice-golden-lion-goes-to-a-pigeon-sat-on-a-branch-reflecting-on-existence-1201299556/ |title=‘Pigeon’ Soars, ‘Birdman’ Snubbed at Venice Awards|accessdate=7 September 2014 |work=Variety}}</ref>

==Further reading==
#Cobbey, Rini. "Under the Skin of the City; Under the Surface Contrasts." ''Film in the Middle East and North Africa.'' Ed. Josef Gugler. Austin: Texas UP, 2011. 84-93.
#"Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Firouzan Films.'' 2011. Firouzan Films.
#Alissa Simon. "Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad." ''Facets.''
#Laurier, Joanne. Walsh, David. "An Interview with Rakhshan Bani-E'temad, co-director of ''Gilaneh.'' ''World Socialist Web Site.''
#Moruzzi, Norma Claire. "Women in Iran: Notes on Film and from the Field." ''Feminist Studies.'' 27.1(2001): 89-100.
#Whatley, Sheri. "Iranian Women Film Directors: A Clever Activism." ''Off Our Backs.'' 33.3/4(2003): 30-32.

==See also==
*[[Persian women's movement]]
*[[List of Iranian Intellectuals]]
* [[Langarud|Langerood]] (village of Espili in [[Gilan]])

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* Joanne Laurier and David Walsh, ''An interview with Rakhshan Bani-Etemad, co-director of Gilaneh'', World Socialist Web Site, 3 October 2005, [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/bani-o03.shtml ''WSWS.org''].
* {{IMDb name|0051999|Rakhshan Bani-Etemad}}
*[http://www.cityofwomen.org/archive/2001/bani.html Her profile at CityofWomen]
* ''Rakhshan Bani-Etemad Film Season April 2008 - London'', Payvand, March 25, 2008, [http://www.payvand.com/news/08/mar/1260.html].
* ''London to honor Iran's Bani-Etemad'', PressTV, Friday, April 4, 2008, [http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=50232&sectionid=351020105].
* ''Bani-Etemad film season in London'', IRNA, April 7, 2008, [http://www1.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-239/0804079641165007.htm].
* ''The Cinema and Rakhshan Bani-Etemad'', April 19, 2008, Centre for Media and Film Studies, [[SOAS]], University of London, [http://www.soas.ac.uk/events/event42962].
* Bidisha, ''What will British audiences make of a great Iranian auteur?'', The Guardian, April 23, 2008, [http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/04/bfi_rakhshan_bani-etemad_season.html].
* ''Honorary Doctorate of University of London for Rakhshan Bani Etemad'', in Persian, BBC Persian, Wednesday July 23, 2008, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/arts/story/2008/07/080723_ge-banietemad-london.shtml].
* ''We are half of the Iranian population'' (ما نیمی از جمعیت ایران هستیم), a ''non-partisan'' documentary by '''Rakhshan Bani Etemad''' in which amongst others women ask the Presidential candidates of the [[Iranian presidential election, 2009]], questions, in Persian, 7 June 2009: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_BinbdFndI Part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrZ9wQrYfdo Part 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHoqssYQNM4 Part 3], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvBcdtqHSNA Part 4], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3NsiiUbMmI Part 5]. '''Note:''' The text in the opening part of this documentary grants permission for the non-profit public viewing of it.

{{Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Director}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=19338993}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Bani-Etemad, Rakhshan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Iranian film director
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 3, 1954
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bani-Etemad, Rakhshan}}
[[Category:Iranian women film directors]]
[[Category:Iranian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Persian-language film directors]]
[[Category:Crystal Simorgh recipients]]
[[Category:People from Tehran]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Laureates of the Prince Claus Award]]

Kees Bakels

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'''Kees Bakels''' (born 14 January 1945 in [[Amsterdam]]) is a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Conducting|conductor]].

Bakels began his musical career as a [[violin]]ist, and later studied conducting at the [[Amsterdam Conservatory]] and the [[Accademia Musicale Chigiana]] in [[Siena]], [[Italy]]. He has appeared with many orchestras as a guest conductor, in addition to holding titled position with the [[Netherlands Chamber Orchestra]] and with the [[Netherlands Radio Symphony]]. He was principal guest conductor of the [[Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra]] for 10 years, and recorded symphonies of [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] with the orchestra for the [[Naxos label]].

Bakels was the first music director of the [[Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra]], from 1997 to 2005. He now has the title of conductor laureate of the orchestra. Bakels initially had intended to step down from the MPO music directorship prior to 2005, after [[James Judd]] had been named the MPO's next music director in September 2003.<ref>{{cite news | author=Michael Markowitz | title=James Judd Named Malaysian Philharmonic's Music Director | url=http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=22269 | work=Andante | date=2003-09-25 | accessdate=2009-03-03}}</ref> However, in April 2004, the MPO terminated the agreement with Judd without public explanation, and Judd never took up the post of the MPO's music director.<ref>{{cite news | author=Matthew Westphal | title=James Judd's Contract with Malaysian Philharmonic Terminated | url=http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=24155 | work=Andante | date=2004-08-02 | accessdate=2009-03-03}}</ref> Bakels continued to hold the MPO music directorship until [[Matthias Bamert]] officially took up the post in 2005.<ref>{{cite news | author=Ben Mattison | title=Malaysian Philharmonic Names Matthias Bamert as Principal Conductor | url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/841.html | work=[[Playbill Arts]] | date=2004-11-29 | accessdate=2009-03-03}}</ref> With the orchestra, Bakels has recorded several CDs for [[BIS Records]], including music of [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]] and of [[Edouard Lalo]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Tim Ashley | title=Lalo, Cello Concerto; Symphony in G Minor; Namouna (excerpts) | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2006/apr/14/classicalmusicandopera.art | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=2006-04-14 | accessdate=2009-02-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* [http://keesbakels.com Official website Kees Bakels]

{{s-start}}
{{s-culture}}
{{succession box | title=[[Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra|Music Director, Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra]] | before=(no predecessor) | years=1997–2005 | after=[[Matthias Bamert]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=9403097}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME =Bakels, Kees
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Dutch conductor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1945-01-14
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bakels, Kees}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dutch conductors (music)]]
[[Category:Musicians from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Conservatorium van Amsterdam alumni]]
[[Category:Accademia Musicale Chigiana alumni]]

David M. Alexander

2015-04-24T10:32:41Z

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{{For|former bass player for the band The Stooges|Dave Alexander (musician)}}

{{BLP sources|date=October 2007}}
{{Infobox person
| name = David M. Alexander
| image = Dave Alexander.jpg
| alt =
| caption = David Alexander, October 2000
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1945
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
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}}
[[File:Jack Vance Boat Skipper.jpg|thumb|upright|Photo of [[Jack Vance]] by David Alexander, early 1980s]]
'''David M. Alexander''', born in 1945 in upstate New York, is a writer of [[science fiction]] and [[mystery fiction|mysteries]] who now lives in Palo Alto, California. Novels published under his own name are ''The Chocolate Spy'', ''Fane'', and ''My Real Name Is Lisa''. Beginning in 2003, however, to avoid confusion with other writers with the same name, he began publishing under the pen name of David Grace: in that year [[Wildside Press]] published ''The Eyes Of The Blind'' under the David Grace name. All subsequent works, both novels and stories in magazines, have been published as by David Grace. He has written ten stories for leading magazines: science-fiction for ''Analog'' both by himself and as a collaborator with [[Hayford Peirce]], and mysteries for ''Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine''. Alexander shared story credit with Dan Wright and Sam Egan for an ''[[The Outer Limits (1995 TV series)|Outer Limits]]'' TV series episode, "Joyride", starring [[Cliff Robertson]] that was broadcast during the 2000 season.

The film rights for ''My Real Name Is Lisa'' were optioned for a substantial amount of money for a two-hour television movie but because of casting issues the project was terminated. It has never subsequently been filmed.

Alexander graduated from [[Stanford University]] in 1967 with a major in history and a minor in economics, then received a Doctor of Laws degree from the [[University of California Law School]], [[Boalt Hall]], in June 1970, graduating in the top ten percent of his class. He was licensed to practice law in California in January 1971 and in November 1977 was sworn in by [[Chief Justice]] [[Warren Burger]] and authorized to argue cases before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].

He is a member of the [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America]]. A longtime friend of noted science-fiction and fantasy writer [[Jack Vance]], he has had a planet named after him in Vance's ''The Face'' and a famous law-giver named after him in ''Night Lamp''.

==Bibliography==
===Novels===

====As by David Alexander====

*''The Chocolate Spy'', Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, NYC, 1976, ISBN 0-698-10909-0
*''Fane'', Pocket Books/Timescape Books, NYC, 1981, ISBN 0-671-83154-2
:re-published as ''The Accidental Magician''
::Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4523-3905-4
::Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4344-1755-8
*''My Real Name Is Lisa'', Caroll & Graf, NYC, 1996, ISBN 0-7867-0310-5
:re-published as ''Stolen Angel''
::Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-7739-1
::Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3089-2

====As by David Grace====

*''The Eyes Of The Blind'', Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, 2003, ISBN 1-59224-107-7
:re-published as ''True Faith''
::Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-9140-3
::Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3091-5
*''Etched In Bone'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-3105-8
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3086-1
*''Doll's Eyes'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-7119-1
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3034-2
*''The Forbidden List'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-3905-4
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3088-5
*''A Death In Beverly Hills'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-9584-5
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4344-1619-3
*''Easy Target'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-5609-9
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3085-4
*''Fever Dreams'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-8693-5
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3087-8
*''The Traitor's Mistress'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4523-9942-3
:Wildside Press, Rockville, MD, trade paperback, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4344-3090-8
*''Daniel'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4581-1750-2
*''Shooting Crows At Dawn'', Smashwords.com, ebook, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4581-5237-4

===Short fiction===
====As by David Alexander====

*"Best of Breed", novelette with Hayford Peirce, as by David Alexander and Hayford Peirce, ''Analog'', December 1994 issue
*"Finder's Fee", novelette with Hayford Peirce as by David Alexander and Hayford Peirce, ''Analog'', cover story, April 1997 issue
*"Felony Stupid", short story, ''Analog'', summer 1997 issue
*"Tramp" (1998), novelette ''Analog'', March 1998 issue
*"Shrink Wrapped", short story, ''Analog'', April 1998 issue
*"Elephants' Graveyard", with Hayford Peirce as by David Alexander and Hayford Peirce, ''Analog'', March 1999 issue

====As by David Grace====

*"The Human Dress", novelette, ''Analog'', March 2003 issue
*"Piece Work", short story, ''Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine'', November 2004 issue
*"Willie Bats", short story, ''Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine'', March 2005 issue
*"Forever Mommy", short story, ''Analog'', September 2008 issue

==External links==
*{{isfdb name|id=David_M._Alexander|name=David M. Alexander}}
* [http://www.DavidGraceAuthor.com/ David Grace's Website]

:{{Citizendium|title=David M. Alexander}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=27682979|LCCN=n/78/007716}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Alexander, David M.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = David Grace
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Author
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1945
| PLACE OF BIRTH = New York state
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander, David M.}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American novelists]]
[[Category:American crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Writers from New York]]

Ernst Knorr

2013-10-12T10:27:41Z

BotMultichill: Robot: verwijderd uit Categorie:Scholtenshuis

{{Infobox militair persoon
| naam = Ernst Knorr
| periode = [[13 oktober]] [[1899]] - [[7 juli]] [[1945]] (45 jaar)
| afbeelding =
| onderschrift =
| bijnaam =
| geboorteplaats = [[Mamonovo|Heiligenbeil]], [[Duitsland]]
| overlijdensplaats = [[Scheveningen]], [[Nederland]]
| begraven = [[Duitse militaire begraafplaats in Ysselsteyn]]
| religie =
| partij = [[Bestand:Flag of Germany 1933.svg|24px]] [[nazi-Duitsland]]
| onderdeel = [[Sicherheitspolizei]]
| dienstjaren = [[1923]] -[[1945]]
| rang = [[File:SS-Untersturmführer.svg|40px|left]] [[Lijst van militaire rangen van de Schutzstaffel|SS-Untersturmführer]] und Kriminalinspektor
| eenheid = SD-Aussenstelle Groningen
| leiding = Sicherheitspolizei afdeling IV-A
| veldslagen-naam =
| veldslagen =
| onderscheidingen =
| anderwerk =
}}
[[Doctor|Dr.]] '''Ernst Knorr''' ([[Mamonovo|Heiligenbeil]], [[13 oktober]] [[1899]] - [[Scheveningen]], [[7 juli]] [[1945]]) was een officier, in de rang van Untersturmführer, van de [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] en gaf leiding aan de [[Sicherheitsdienst|S.D.]], een van de [[Duitsland|Duitse]] politieorganisaties onder het gezag van [[Heinrich Himmler]] en het [[Reichssicherheitshauptamt]] in [[Berlijn]]. Hij maakte deel uit van Referat IVA (Bekämpfung Kommunismus) van de Sicherheitsdienst in Den Haag. Alle vingers aan zijn linkerhand waren geamputeerd. Hij had een doctorstitel. Hij had een uiterst gewelddadig karakter. Als tijdens verhoren mensen mishandeld moesten worden, dan werd dat eufemistisch aangeduid dat ze de ''dokter'' er bij gingen roepen.

Zijn werkplek was [[Binnenhof (Den Haag)|Binnenhof]] 7. Tot begin juni werden de communisten alleen in de gaten gehouden en doelbewust nog niet gearresteerd, daardoor kon Knorr ook bij andere activiteiten betrokken worden. Zo was hij aanwezig bij het gewelddadig verhoor waarbij de [[Geus]] [[Sjaak Boezeman]] om het leven kwam.

Vanaf begin juni 1941 was hij betrokken bij het gewelddadig verhoor van Haagse communisten. Op 2 september 1941 was hij de leidende persoon van een team van 3-5 personen dat de communist [[Herman Holstege]] in de [[gevangenis van Scheveningen (Oranjehotel)]] zodanig wreed verhoorde dat verwacht mocht worden dat die om het leven zou komen. Het was de bedoeling om van Holstege, die een maand lang was blijven zwijgen, de namen van zijn contactpersonen bij de communistische partijleiding in Amsterdam te vernemen. Knorr penetreerde met een gummiknuppel de aars van Holstege, waarna de ingewanden aangestampt werden. Holstege gaf echter weinig informatie prijs en niet de namen van de leiding in Amsterdam. Holstege overleed de volgende dag. Gezien de voorbereidingen in het Oranjehotel, waren de martelingen gepland. In een naoorlogs verslag werd dit aangeduid als ''stommiteit'', omdat daarmee de kans verkeken was de partijleiding in Amsterdam op te sporen.

In de loop van 1942 werd Knorr op een zijspoor geplaatst en vervangen door [[Hans Munt]]. In naoorlogse verslagen gaf Munt aan dat die gewelddadigheden de reden van de positieveranderingen was, maar in de praktijk betekenden die echter niet het einde van de gewelddadigheden tegen communisten.

Op 19 februari 1943 werd in Delft een val opgezet voor de communistische verzetsman [[Gerrit Willem Kastein|Gerrit Kastein]]. Drie SD-mannen gingen in een café wachten, terwijl Knorr buiten in een auto bleef wachten. Kastein werd gearresteerd en naar de auto gebracht. Bij de auto wist Kastein een pistool te trekken en te schieten. Hij verwondde Knorr tamelijk ernstig; na wegrijden van de auto's bleef er een plasje bloed op straat liggen.

In de loop van 1943 werd Knorr overgeplaatst naar [[Groningen (stad)|Groningen]] waar hij in het [[Scholtenhuis]], een Duits politiebureau, kwam te werken. Ook daar viel hij op door zijn wreedheid.
Hij vermoordde de verzetsstrijdster [[Esmée van Eeghen]] door haar met dertien kogels te doorzeven en haar lichaam in het [[Van Starkenborghkanaal]] te werpen. Daarnaast heeft Knorr nog een aantal soortgelijke moorden gepleegd.

Op 16 april 1945 trok Knorr zich met een aantal Duitse militairen terug op het Waddeneiland [[Schiermonnikoog]]; het was de bedoeling dat ze met een boot vanuit [[Borkum]] opgehaald zouden worden om naar Duitsland teruggebracht te worden. Pas op 27 mei ging een Nederlandse officier naar het eiland om de overgave te eisen. Het waren de laatste Duitse militairen die zich in Europa overgaven. De groep werd op 30 mei naar het vasteland overgebracht en in de gevangenis in Groningen opgesloten. Knorr werd op 27 juni door de [[Canada|Canadese]] Field Security overgebracht naar de zogenaamde ''Kings Prison'' in [[Scheveningen]], gevestigd in de strafgevangenis.

Op 7 juli werd Knorr dood in zijn cel gevonden. Hij had een stuk touw om zijn hals. In de cel was echter geen hoog steunpunt om zich aan op te hangen. Volgens verklaringen van andere Duitsers in de gevangenis was Knorr ernstig mishandeld en daardoor om het leven gekomen. Er is geen lijkschouwingsrapport opgemaakt. Later verklaarde een gevangenisarts dat het technisch mogelijk was dat Knorr zelfmoord had gepleegd door het touw laag aan de muur te bevestigen en zichzelf te wurgen door voorover te hangen.

Knorr's lichaam werd naar ziekenhuis Zuidwal overgebracht en ondanks dat het in die week heel erg warm was pas op 14 juli op de Algemene Begraafplaats begraven. Er was geen aangifte van overlijden gedaan, zodat de begrafenis feitelijk illegaal was. Op 10 oktober 1958 werd Knorr opgegraven en werden zijn resten naar de Duitse Erebegraafplaats in Venray overgebracht. Op het kruis op zijn graf staat behalve zijn naam ook als rang: ''Soldat''.

==Literatuur==
* Nico de Both, Het Scholtenhuis 1940-1945, In Boekvorm Uitgevers, 2008.
* R. Harthoorn, Vuile oorlog in Den Haag, Van Gruting, 2011.
* Monique Brinks, Het Scholtenhuis 1940 - 1945 -deel 2 Daders, 2013, Uitgeverij Profiel Bedum, isbn 978 90 5294 544 6

[[Categorie:Duits persoon in de Tweede Wereldoorlog]]
[[Categorie:SS-lid]]

Drommedaris

2013-01-19T13:54:09Z

BotMultichill: Robot: toegevoegd {{Commonscat|Drommedaris}}

{{Infobox gebouw
| naam = Drommedaris
| afbeelding = Drommedaris Enkhuizen Zuidwestzijde.jpg
| onderschrift = De zuidwestzijde van de Drommedaris
| oorspronkelijke functie = Verdedigingstoren
| gebruik = Horeca, zaalverhuur
| locatie = Paktuinen 1, Enkhuizen
| start = 1540
| gereed = 1649-1659 (verhoogd)
| opening =
| sluiting =
| architect =
| monumentstatus = Rijksmonument
| monumentnummer = 464878
| afbeelding2 =
| onderschrift2 =
}}
De '''Drommedaris''' is het bekendste gebouw in [[Enkhuizen]].

De Drommedaris is de zuidelijke toegangspoort van het oude gedeelte van Enkhuizen, en is gebouwd als verdedigingsbouwwerk bij de ingang van de haven. In de geschutskelder stonden kanonnen die de haven konden bestrijken. Er is een gevechtstoren uit [[1540]]. 
De oude naam van het gebouw is de Zuiderpoort of de Ketenpoort, omdat de poort voerde naar de zoutketens ten Zuiden van de stad. Het was toen immers de [[Zuiderzee (water)|Zuiderzee]], met zout water. Voor de Drommedaris is een witte [[ophaalbrug]] (rijksmonument). Hier is de ingang van de Oude Haven.

Na de [[Tachtigjarige Oorlog]] werd het gebouw verhoogd. De bouw duurde van 1649-1659. Daarna was het gebouw in gebruik als wachtkazerne, accijnskantoor, telegraafkantoor en gevangenis. Op de bovenverdieping zijn enkele gevangeniscellen in het eikenhouten beschot.

Restauraties aan het gebouw zijn verricht in 1914-1915, 1956-1968, 1963 en 1973. In 2012 zal er gestart worden met de meest recente restauratie van de Drommedaris.

Tegenwoordig zijn zalen in de Drommedaris te huur voor speciale gelegenheden. Op de eerste verdieping bevindt zich een café, op de tweede een kleine concertzaal.

==De klokken==
In 1659 had het [[Rondeel (vesting)|rondeel]] een spits dak met een open koepeltoren gekregen, waarin zich nu een [[carillon]] van 39 klokken bevindt van klokkengieters [[Pieter en François Hemony|Hemony]], A.H. van Bergen, [[Geert van Wou|De Wou]], [[klokkengieterij Eijsbouts|Eijsbouts]]. De klokken zijn in 1982 gerestaureerd na een inzamelingsactie onder de Enkhuizer bevolking en het bedrijfsleven met als motto "Een ton voor het Carillon" Een bronzen herdenkingsplaat herinnert hier aan op de 1e verdieping. Aan de buitenkant hangt een beurtschepen- of veermansklokje uit 1775 van Jan Verbruggen.

==De ankers==
Aan de zijkant van de Drommedaris hangen twee ankers aan de muur (zie de onderste afbeelding). Volgens een legende zouden deze zijn buitgemaakt op de [[Hertogdom Gelre|Geldersen]] bij een mislukte aanslag op Enkhuizen in 1537 (tijdens de [[Gelderse Oorlogen]]).<ref>[http://toerisme.bruist.nu/11 Drommedaris], Documentatiecentrum Oud Enkhuizen.</ref> De Enkhuizers kregen de vijf Gelderse schepen, die 's nachts voor anker lagen, in de gaten en verjoegen hen, waarbij de Geldersen de ankerlijnen moesten kappen. De ankers zijn vervolgens opgevist en als zegetekenen aan de Engelse Toren (ook wel Oost-Indische Toren genoemd) gehangen. Deze toren werd echter in 1829 gesloopt, waarna de ankers samen met de gedenksteen zijn verplaatst naar de Drommedaris.

De bovenste inscriptie op de gedenksteen is een [[jaardicht]] (''chronogram''), en luidt
:{{Ts.|<big>enChVsaM InsIdIIs taCItIs sVb noCte sILentI obrVere adnIXa est geLrICa perfIdIa</big>}}
De [[Romeinse cijfers]] hierin (waarbij de D niet wordt gebruikt) vormen opgeteld het jaartal van de overval, 1537.
Een vrije vertaling op rijm hiervan is:
:''De Geldersche ontrouw zocht Enkhuizens strijdb're wallen''
:''Bij nacht met hare list van buiten te overvallen'' <ref>Het Leeskabinet, jrg. 1852, tweede deel, [http://books.google.nl/books?id=Hw4WAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA118&dq=ankers+drommedaris+harderwijk&cd=1#v=onepage&q=ankers%20drommedaris%20harderwijk&f=false p. 118]</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
Bestand:Enkhuizendromedaris.jpg|De Drommedaris aan de "stadszijde"
Bestand:Drommedaris Enkhuizen Ankers.jpg|De ankers aan de Drommedaris
</gallery>

==De ballade van de Dromedaris==
In 1998 bracht [[Frank Boeijen]] het album "De ballade van de Dromedaris" uit waarop hij het nummer "Dromedaris" bezingt, het is een ode aan zijn moeder (geboren in Enkhuizen) en aan de Drommedaris in Enkhuizen. Een tekening van de Drommedaris hing bij de familie Boeijen, in Nijmegen, in de keuken.

==Referenties==
{{References|85%}}

==Externe links==
* [http://www.drom.nl/ Officiële website]
* [http://monumenten.kroniekvanenkhuizen.nl/42?itemID=4&navId=32 Kroniek van Enkhuizen]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Nt-gOxCnBk Frank Boeijen - Dromedaris]
* [http://www.carillontorens.sohosted.com/enkhuizen.htm Beschrijving carillon]

{{Coördinaten|52_42_2.34_N_5_17_34.82_E_scale:781|52° 42' 2" N 5° 17' 35" E}}
{{Commonscat|Drommedaris}}

[[Categorie:Bouwwerk in Enkhuizen]]
[[Categorie:Poort in Nederland]]
[[Categorie:Rijksmonument in Enkhuizen]]

[[de:Drommedaris]]

Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Jefferson County (Oregon)

2012-09-02T20:02:12Z

BotMultichill: {{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Oregon}}

This is a list of properties and districts in [[Jefferson County, Oregon]] that are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

{{GeoGroupTemplate}}

==Current listings==
{{NRHP header|state_iso=us-or}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=03000070
|type=NRHP
|article=Camp Sherman Community Hall
|name=Camp Sherman Community Hall
|address=13025 SW Camp Sherman Rd.
|city=[[Camp Sherman, Oregon|Camp Sherman]]
|county=[[Jefferson County, Oregon]]
|date=2003-02-28
|image=Camp Sherman Community Hall.JPG
|lat=44.45
|lon=-121.653056
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=96000620
|type=NRHP
|article=Max and Ollie Lueddemann House
|name=Max and Ollie Lueddemann House
|address=96 SE 9th St.
|city=[[Madras, Oregon|Madras]]
|county=[[Jefferson County, Oregon]]
|date=1996-06-03
|image=Lueddemann House - Madras Oregon.jpg
|lat=44.635
|lon=-121.124722
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=91000169
|type=NRHP
|article=Olallie Lake Guard Station
|name=Olallie Lake Guard Station
|address=S of Pinhead Buttes, Mt. Hood NF
|city=[[Estacada, Oregon|Estacada]]
|county=[[Jefferson County, Oregon]]
|date=1991-03-06
|image=
|lat=44.814444
|lon=-121.789444
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=99001285
|type=HD
|article=Oregon Pacific Railroad Linear Historic District
|name=Oregon Pacific Railroad Linear Historic District
|address=Roughly a 20 mi. section of the Old Railroad Grade bet. Idanha and The Cascade Range summit
|city=[[Santiam Junction, Oregon|Santiam Junction]]
|county=[[Jefferson County, Oregon]]
|date=1999-10-29
|image=
|lat=44.452778
|lon=-121.899167
|description=Apparently in three counties: Jefferson, Linn, and Marion.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=86000285
|type=NRHP
|article=Oregon Trunk Passenger and Freight Station
|name=Oregon Trunk Passenger and Freight Station
|address=Washington St. at the foot of Sixth St.
|city=[[Metolius, Oregon|Metolius]]
|county=[[Jefferson County, Oregon]]
|date=1986-02-27
|image=Oregon Trunk Station - Metolius Oregon.jpg
|lat=44.5875
|lon=-121.1775
|description=
}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{National Register of Historic Places Oregon}}

[[Category:National Register of Historic Places listings by county in Oregon|Jefferson County]]
[[Category:Jefferson County, Oregon]]
{{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Oregon}}

Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Orleans County (New York)

2012-09-02T18:24:08Z

BotMultichill: {{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Orleans County, New York}}

[[File:Map of New York highlighting Orleans County.svg|thumb|300px|Location of Orleans County in New York|alt=A map of New York showing county lines. A county in the northwest corner of the state along the Lake Ontario shoreline is highlighted in red.]]
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in [[Orleans County, New York]]. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a Google map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates".<ref group="note">{{NRHPGoogleMapFootnote}}</ref> One listing, the [[Cobblestone Historic District]], is further designated a [[National Historic Landmark]].

There are currently 20 listings in the county, the third fewest in the state after [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler County]] (14) and [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton County]] (18). Five of the listings are [[historic district (United States)|historic districts]], including [[Mount Albion Cemetery]] ([[Millville Cemetery]] is classified as a site). The remaining 15 are individual buildings. No [[Property type (National Register of Historic Places)#Structure|structures]] in the county are yet listed on the National Register.

{{NRHP date for lists|New York}}
{{New York NRHP topnav}}

==Overview==

Of the 14 buildings, 10 have been used as dwellings at some point in their history. Two<ref group="note">[[Skinner-Tinkham House]] and [[Cobblestone Inn]]</ref> of those were originally inns that have since become residences. The [[Tousley-Church House]] was later [[adaptive reuse|converted]] into the local [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] chapter offices.<ref name="Tousley-Church House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7109|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Tousley-Church House|date=July 2001|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7119|title=Accompanying 24 photos}}</ref> The four conventional historic districts<ref group="note">Excluding [[Mt. Albion Cemetery]].</ref> all include some residential properties as well among their [[contributing property|contributing properties]].

Three other buildings—the [[U.S. Post Office (Albion, New York)|Albion]] and [[U.S. Post Office (Medina, New York)|Medina]] post offices and the [[Medina Armory]]—are government buildings. The armory is now used by the local [[YMCA]]. No commercial buildings in Orleans County are individually listed on the Register. Nor are any religious buildings, although seven churches contribute to the [[Orleans County Courthouse Historic District]].<ref name="Orleans County Courthouse Historic District NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6751|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Orleans County Courthouse Historic District |date=February 1979|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=C. Wilson Lettin|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6743|title=Accompanying six photos}}</ref> Similarly, no educational buildings have been listed on their own; the [[Cobblestone Historic District]] includes an old [[one-room schoolhouse]] among its contributing properties.

In the five districts, there are 135 buildings on {{convert|104|acre}}. Most of that acreage is accounted for by [[Mt. Albion Cemetery]], the largest listing in the county at {{convert|70|acre}}. The [[Cobblestone Historic District]], with three buildings on two discontiguous plots totaling three-quarters of an acre (3,000 m²), is the smallest district and the smallest National Historic Landmark District in New York.

The other three districts are in the downtowns of Medina and Albion, the largest settlements in the county. The two Albion districts abut each other, with the southerly being characterized by the public buildings, whurches and residences around the county courthouse while the northerly is primarily commercial. Medina's Main Street Historic District is almost all commercial property.

All but three of the buildings (and one structure<ref group="note">A small park within the [[North Main-Bank Streets Historic District]] in Albion, built on the site of a building that burned.</ref>) within the historic districts are considered [[contributing property|contributing properties]]. None of the contributing properties are themselves listed individually on the Register. However, the Albion post office, within the bounds of the county courthouse historic district, is not considered a contributing property to it despite later being listed on the Register, since it was built two decades after the district's period of significance.

==Listings county-wide==
{{NRHP date for lists|New York}}
{{NRHP Legend}}
{{NRHP header|state_iso=us-ny}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=83001757
|type=NRHP
|article=William V. N. Barlow House
|name=William V. N. Barlow House
|address=223 S. Clinton St.<ref name="Barlow House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6746|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Barlow, William V. N., House|date=July 1983|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Claire L. Ross|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6740|title=Accompanying nine photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Albion (village), New York|Albion]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1983-09-08
|image=William Barlow House, Albion, NY.jpg
|lat=43.239444
|lon=-78.196389
|description=Barlow, architect of many important buildings in downtown Albion, including the county courthouse, built this eclectic home for himself in 1875. Its rear yard has one of the village's few remaining [[hand pump|hand-pumped]] wells.<ref name="Barlow House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=05000635
|type=NRHP
|article=Jackson Blood Cobblestone House
|name=Jackson Blood Cobblestone House
|address=142 S. Main St.<ref name="Blood House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=101128|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Blood, Jackson, Cobblestone House|date=February 2005|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=101130|title=Accompanying 10 photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Lyndonville, New York|Lyndonville]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2005-06-30
|image=Jackson Blood Cobblestone House, Lyndonville, NY.jpg
|lat=43.316775
|lon=-78.389383
|description=The Blood family is supposed to have built this sophisticated 1846 Greek Revival cobblestone house by hauling the stones down from [[Lake Ontario]] themselves.<ref name="Blood House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=10000044
|type=NRHP
|article=Butterfield Cobblestone House
|name=Butterfield Cobblestone House
|address=4690 Bennetts Corners Rd.<ref name="Butterfield House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=103216|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Butterfield Cobblestone House|date=July 2009|accessdate=2010-06-15 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=103246|title=Accompanying photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Clarendon, New York|Clarendon]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2010-03-01
|image=Butterfield Cobblestone House, Clarendon, NY.jpg
|lat=43.188611
|lon=-78.017222
|description=This 1849 Greek Revival cobblestone house is the only such structure in Clarendon. It is considered the finest building in that style in county.<ref name="Butterfield House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=12000258
|type=NRHP
|article=Clarendon Stone Store
|name=Clarendon Stone Store
|address=16301 E. Lee Rd.
|city=[[Clarendon, New York|Clarendon]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2012-5-9
|image=
|lat=43.1938
|lon=-78.0647
|description=General store, an early use of [[Medina sandstone]]. Also known as the "Old Stone Store", or the "Copeland Store".
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=93001603
|type=NHLD
|article=Cobblestone Historic District
|name=Cobblestone Historic District
|address=[[Ridge Road (Western New York)|Ridge Rd.]] ([[New York State Route 104|NY 104]])<ref name="Cobblestone Historic District NHL nom">{{Cite document|title={{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/93001603.pdf National Historic Landmark Nomination: Cobblestone Historic District]|271 KB}}|author=Delia Robinson, C.W. Lattin, Nancy Todd, and Carolyn Pitts |date=September 23, 1982|publisher=National Park Service|postscript=}} and {{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/93001603.pdf Accompanying 14 photos, exterior and interior, from 1965 and 1992.]|3.12 MB}}</ref>
|city=[[Childs, New York|Childs]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1993-04-01
|image=Cobblestone Church, Childs, NY.jpg
|lat=43.286944
|lon=-78.19
|description=Orleans County's only National Historic Landmark, and the state's smallest NHL district, consists of three 19th-century [[cobblestone architecture|cobblestone]] buildings reflecting style at its highest in different periods. They include the state's oldest known cobblestone church and its parsonage, as well as one of only two buildings with cobblestone [[veneer]] over wood frame.<ref name="Cobblestone Historic District NHL nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=6
|refnum=07000755
|type=NRHP
|article=Cobblestone Inn
|name=Cobblestone Inn
|address=12226 [[Ridge Road (Western New York)|Ridge Rd.]]<ref name="Cobblestone Inn NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102048|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Cobblestone Inn|date=December 2006|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102049|title=Accompanying four photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Oak Orchard, New York|Oak Orchard on-the-Ridge]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2007-07-24
|image=Cobblestone Inn, Oak-Orchard-on-the-Ridge, NY.jpg
|lat=43.274444
|lon=-78.333056
|description=This 1837 tavern, which one served traffic on the Ridge Road, is possibly the largest cobblestone building in the state. It later became a restaurant and is now a residential [[duplex (building)|duplex]]<ref name="Cobblestone Inn NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=7
|refnum=09000378
|type=NRHP
|article=Benjamin Franklin Gates House
|name=Benjamin Franklin Gates House
|address=13079 W. Lee Rd.<ref name="Gates House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=103423|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Benjamin Franklin Gates House|date=June 2008|accessdate=2010-11-09 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=103446|title=Accompanying six photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Barre, New York|Barre]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2009-06-04
|image=Benjamin Franklin Gates House Nov 10.JPG
|lat=43.202778
|lon=-78.278611
|description=Gates, a pioneering settler of Barre, built this Greek Revival stacked-plank house and the region's first [[tannery]] around 1830. New owners restored it in the early 21st century; it is still a working farm.<ref name="Gates House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=8
|refnum=95000213 (original) 97001457 (increase)
|type=HD
|article=Main Street Historic District (Medina, New York)
|name=Main Street Historic District
|address=Roughly, along Main and Center Sts., West Ave. and Proctor Pl.<ref name="Main Street Historic District NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6761|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Main Street Historic District|date=January 1995|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Nancy L. Todd|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6758|title=Accompanying 21 photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Medina, New York|Medina]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1995-03-23
|image=Downtown Medina, NY.jpg
|lat=43.220278
|lon=-78.386944
|description=When Medina came into existence following the construction of the Erie Canal, this strip from the canal to the railroad tracks was the first area of the village. Its buildings, from the 1830s to the 1940s, are relics of Medina's industrial peak years.<ref name="Main Street Historic District NRHP nom" /> The district was later expanded slightly to include the [[Medina Railroad Museum]] building.<ref name="Main Street Historic District boundary increase">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7036|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Main Street Historic District Boundary Increase|date=September 1997|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Elizabeth A. Bakker Johnson|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7039|title=Accompanying five photos}}</ref>
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=9
|refnum=95000399
|type=NRHP
|article=Medina Armory
|name=Medina Armory
|address=302 Pearl St.<ref name="Medina Armory NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6756|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Medina Armory|date=March 1995|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Nancy L. Todd |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6745|title=Accompanying eight photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Medina, New York|Medina]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1995-04-13
|image=Medina Armory.jpg
|lat=43.221944
|lon=-78.392222
|description=This structure, built of locally quarried Medina sandstone, was George Heins' first commission as state architect in 1901. It is today the Lake Plains YMCA.<ref name="Medina Armory NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=10
|refnum=07001126
|type=NRHP
|article=Millville Cemetery
|name=Millville Cemetery
|address=E. Shelby Rd.<ref name="Millville Cemetery NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102392|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Millville Cemetery|date=January 2007|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102370|title=Accompanying eight photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Millville, New York|Millville]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2007-10-31
|image=Millville Cemetery, Millville, NY.jpg
|lat=43.189722
|lon=-78.324444
|description=This exemplary 1871 rural cemetery on a small hill, expanded from earlier burying ground, is the final resting place of many residents of this former bustling agricultural hamlet.<ref name="Millville Cemetery NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=11
|refnum=76001261
|type=HD
|article=Mount Albion Cemetery
|name=Mt. Albion Cemetery
|address=[[New York State Route 31]]<ref name="Mt. Albion Cemetery NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6747|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Mt. Albion Cemetery |date=June 1976|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=C. E. Brooke|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6741|title=Accompanying seven photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Albion (town), Orleans County, New York|Town of Albion]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1976-09-27
|image=Mt Albion Cemetery, Albion, NY.jpg
|lat=43.239444
|lon=-78.155556
|description=This [[rural cemetery]] was built in 1842 on a high [[drumlin]] outside of Albion. It features local [[American Civil War|Civil War]] monument and chapel. Among those buried here are many local politicians of the 19th century, and former [[List of governors of Georgia|Georgia governor]] [[Rufus Bullock]].<ref name="Mt. Albion Cemetery NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=12
|refnum=94001341
|type=HD
|article=North Main-Bank Streets Historic District
|name=North Main-Bank Streets Historic District
|address=Roughly, along N. Main, E. Bank, W. Bank and Liberty Sts.<ref name="North Main-Bank Streets Historic District NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6749|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: North Main-Bank Streets Historic District |date=September 1994|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Nancy L. Todd|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6742|title=Accompanying eleven photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Albion (village), New York|Albion]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1994-11-30
|image=Downtown Albion, NY.jpg
|lat=43.2475
|lon=-78.193611
|description=The northerly of Albion's two downtown historic districts is one of the most intact commercial areas along the Erie Canal, with buildings from the century after its completion.<ref name="North Main-Bank Streets Historic District NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=13
|refnum=79001617
|type=HD
|article=Orleans County Courthouse Historic District
|name=Orleans County Courthouse Historic District
|address=Courthouse Sq. and environs<ref name="Orleans County Courthouse Historic District NRHP nom" />
|city=[[Albion (village), New York|Albion]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1979-08-31
|image=Orleans County Courthouse, Albion, NY.jpg
|lat=43.245833
|lon=-78.193333
|description=The southern downtown Albion historic district is the civic and religious center of the village and county. Centered around William Barlow's 1858 county courthouse are residential, commercial and institutional buildings, including seven churches. Many use Medina sandstone.<ref name="Orleans County Courthouse Historic District NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=14
|refnum=12000259
|type=NRHP
|article=Payjack Chevrolet Building
|name=Payjack Chevrolet Building
|address=320 N. Main St.
|city=[[Medina, New York|Medina]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2012-5-8
|image=
|lat=43.22259
|lon=-78.38786
|description=1949 concrete building is intact example of car dealership facility built to [[General Motors]] international standards of that era.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=15
|refnum=08000104
|type=NRHP
|article=Servoss House
|name=Servoss House
|address=3963 Fruit Ave.<ref name="Servoss House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102427|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Servoss House|date=undated|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Daniel McEneny|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102326|title=Accompanying six photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Ridgeway, New York|Ridgeway]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2008-02-28
|image=Servoss House, Medina, NY.jpg
|lat=43.216667
|lon=-78.430833
|description=A former canal worker built this early 1830s Greek Revival house alongside the canal using an unusual horizontal-plank structural system.<ref name="Servoss House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=16
|refnum=08001079
|type=NRHP
|article=John Shelp Cobblestone House
|name=John Shelp Cobblestone House
|address=10181 West Shelby Rd.<ref name="Shelp House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102811|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Shelp, John, Cobblestone House|date=June 2008|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102815|title=Accompanying seven photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Shelby, New York|West Shelby]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2008-11-20
|image=John Shelp Cobblestone House, West Shelby, NY.jpg
|lat=43.154722
|lon=-78.464167
|description=In the late 19th century, the owners of this sophisticated 1836 Greek Revival cobblestone house redid the interior in the [[Queen Anne Style architecture|Queen Anne Style]]<ref name="Shelp House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=17
|refnum=04000291
|type=NRHP
|article=Skinner-Tinkham House
|name=Skinner-Tinkham House
|address=4652 Oak Orchard Rd.<ref name="Skinner-Tinkham House NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100453|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Skinner-Tinkham House|date=June 2002|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}}''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100455|title=Accompanying six photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Barre Center, New York|Barre Center]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2004-04-15
|image=Skinner-Tinkham House, Barre Center, NY.jpg
|lat=43.186389
|lon=-78.194444
|description=This 1829 Federal-style tavern along a busy highway, later remodeled into house, is one of the county's few surviving brick buildings in that style. [[Building restoration|Restoration]] efforts are underway after several decades of neglect.<ref name="Skinner-Tinkham House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=18
|refnum=01001565
|type=NRHP
|article=Tousley-Church House
|name=Tousley-Church House
|address=249 N. Main St.<ref name="Tousley-Church House NRHP nom" />
|city=[[Albion (village), New York|Albion]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=2002-02-05
|image=Tousley-Church House, Albion, NY.jpg
|lat=43.252222
|lon=-78.192778
|description=This 1840 Greek Revival house was expanded ten years later in a fashion showing strong influence of [[Minard Lafever]]. Since being renovated in the 1930s it has housed the local [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] chapter.<ref name="Tousley-Church House NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=19
|refnum=88002450
|type=NRHP
|article=U.S. Post Office (Albion, New York)
|name=US Post Office-Albion
|address=Main St.<ref name="Albion post office NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6753|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: United States Post Office, Albion, Orleans County / Albion Post Office|date=July 1986|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Larry E. Gobrecht |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6744|title=Accompanying five photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Albion (village), New York|Albion]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1988-11-17
|image=Albion, NY, post office.jpg
|lat=43.246
|lon=-78.194083
|description=This 1937 post office uses one of more popular [[Colonial Revival architecture|Colonial Revival]] designs for post offices in the state. It is within the [[Orleans County Courthouse Historic District]], but not considered a [[contributing property]] to that listing since it was built after 1910.<ref name="Albion post office NRHP nom" />
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=20
|refnum=88002351
|type=NRHP
|article=U.S. Post Office (Medina, New York)
|name=US Post Office-Medina
|address=128 W. Center St.<ref name="Medina post office NRHP nom">{{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6760|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: United States Post Office, Medina, New York / Medina Post Office|date=December 1986|accessdate=2009-06-14 |author=Larry E. Gobrecht |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]}} ''See also:'' {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=6759|title=Accompanying seven photos}}</ref>
|city=[[Medina, New York|Medina]]
|county=[[Orleans County, New York]]
|date=1989-05-11
|image=Medina, NY, post office.jpg
|lat=43.220556
|lon=-78.388611
|description=The only other known reuse of this sophisticated 1931 Colonial Revival design is in [[Salem, Indiana]].<ref name="Medina post office NRHP nom" />
}}
|}

==See also==
{{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Orleans County, New York}}
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in New York]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ny/Orleans/state.html Orleans County National Register listings] at nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com

{{National Register of Historic Places in New York}}

[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in New York by county|Orleans County]]
[[Category:Orleans County, New York]]

Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Hamilton County (New York)

2012-09-02T18:22:13Z

BotMultichill: {{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Hamilton County, New York}}

[[File:Map of New York highlighting Hamilton County.svg|thumb|300px|Location of Hamilton County in New York]]
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}

List of the '''National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, New York'''

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in [[Hamilton County, New York]]. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a Google map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates".<ref>{{NRHPGoogleMapFootnote}}</ref> Two sites are further designated [[National Historic Landmarks]] and the entire county is included in another, the [[Adirondack Park|Adirondack Forest Preserve]].

{{NRHP date for lists|New York}}
__NOTOC__
{{New York NRHP topnav}}
==Listings county-wide==
{{NRHP header|state_iso=us-ny}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=66000891
|type=NHL
|article=Adirondack Park
|name=Adirondack Forest Preserve
|address=NE New York State
|city=
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1966-10-15
|image=Canada Island, Lake Lila.jpg
|lat=43.978611
|lon=-74.311667
|description=All of Hamilton County is in the {{convert|6|e6acre|km2|adj=on}} Adirondack Park.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=01001035
|type=NRHP
|article=Blue Mountain Fire Observation Station
|name=Blue Mountain Fire Observation Station
|address=[[Blue Mountain (New York)|Blue Mountain]]
|city=[[Blue Mountain Lake, New York|Town of Indian Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2001-09-23
|image=Blue Mountain Fire Observation Tower.jpg
|lat=43.867222
|lon=-74.430556
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=77000941
|type=NRHP
|article=Blue Mountain House Annex
|name=Blue Mountain House Annex
|address=NY 30
|city=[[Blue Mountain Lake, New York|Blue Mountain Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1977-12-07
|image=ADK Museum - Log Hotel.jpg
|lat=43.855278
|lon=-74.433889
|description=Also known as The Log Hotel, on the grounds of the [[Adirondack Museum]]
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=86002934
|type=NHL
|article=Camp Pine Knot
|name=Camp Pine Knot
|address=Long Point, [[Raquette Lake]]
|city=[[Raquette Lake, New York|Raquette Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1986-11-07
|image=William West Durant at Camp Pine Knot.jpg
|lat=43.821389
|lon=-74.626111
|description=Pine Knot was the first of the [[Adirondack Great Camps]]; it was started beginning in 1877 by railroad developer [[Thomas C. Durant]], and completed by [[William West Durant]]. It was sold to industrialist [[Collis P. Huntington]] in 1890.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=86002937
|type=NHL
|article=Camp Uncas
|name=Camp Uncas
|address=Mohegan Lake
|city=[[Raquette Lake, New York|Raquette Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1987-04-03
|image=1899-Stoddard-Uncas-gate-L.jpg
|lat=43.744722
|lon=-74.648056
|description=The second [[Adirondack Great Camp]] built by [[William West Durant]] for his own use, after Camp Pine Knot. It was sold to [[J. Pierpont Morgan]] in 1896.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=6
|refnum=77000942
|type=NRHP
|article=Church of the Transfiguration (Blue Mountain Lake, New York)
|name=Church of the Transfiguration
|address=N of Blue Mountain Lake on [[New York State Route 30|NY 30]]
|city=[[Blue Mountain Lake, New York|Blue Mountain Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1977-07-26
|image=Church of the Transfiguration, Blue Mountain Lake, New York.jpg
|lat=43.859444
|lon=-74.431944
|description=1881 log church, possibly the only surviving log church in the [[Adirondacks]], with a [[Meneely Bell Foundry|Meneely bell]] donated by Mrs. [[Levi P. Morton] wife of future Vice-President under Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893]].
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=7
|refnum=86002939
|type=NRHP
|article=Echo Camp
|name=Echo Camp
|address=Long Point, [[Raquette Lake]]
|city=[[Raquette Lake, New York|Raquette Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1986-11-07
|image=Echo Camp - 1916 - Stoddard.jpg
|lat=43.823889
|lon=-74.635556
|description=An [[Adirondack Great Camp]] built for [[Connecticut]] governor [[Phineas C. Lounsbury]] in 1883, its design bears the influence of [[William West Durant]].
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=8
|refnum=92001280
|type=NRHP
|article=Hamilton County Courthouse Complex
|name=Hamilton County Courthouse Complex
|address=Jct. of [[New York State Route 8|NY 8]] and S. Shore Rd.
|city=[[Lake Pleasant (hamlet), New York|Lake Pleasant]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1992-09-24
|image=Hamilton County Courthouse and Clerks Office NY Aug 10.jpg
|lat=43.470278
|lon=-74.4125
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=9
|refnum=09000155
|type=NRHP
|article=The Hedges
|name=The Hedges
|address=The Hedges
|city=[[Blue Mountain Lake, New York|Blue Mountain Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2009-03-27
|image=Hedges RPPC.jpg
|lat=43.854167
|lon=-74.45
|description=New listing; refnum 09000155
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=10
|refnum=09000155
|type=NRHP
|article=Lake Pleasant Town Hall
|name=Lake Pleasant Town Hall
|address=2885 [[New York State Route 8|NY 8]]
|city=[[Speculator, New York|Speculator]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2009-04-23
|image=
|lat=43.500556
|lon=-74.365556
|description=New listing; refnum #09000238
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=11
|refnum=93001451
|type=HD
|article=New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District
|name=New York Central Railroad Adirondack Division Historic District
|address=[[New York Central Railroad|NYCRR]] Right-of-Way
|city=[[Long Lake, New York|Nehasane]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1993-12-23
|image=Nehesane Station, Long Lake, NY.jpg
|lat=44.0
|lon=-74.775556
|description=The [[New York Central]] passed through Nehasane and Sabattis; the station at Nehesane on [[Lake Lila]] is extant.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=12
|refnum=10000728
|type=NRHP
|article=Pillsbury Mountain Forest Fire Observation Station
|name=Pillsbury Mountain Forest Fire Observation Station
|address=Pillsbury Mountain
|city=[[Speculator, New York|Town of Lake Pleasant]] vicinity
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2010-09-09
|image=
|lat=43.580833
|lon=-74.511389
|description=New listing from Fire Observation Stations of New York State Forest Preserve [[Multiple Property Submission|MPS]]; refnum 10000728
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=13
|refnum=76001221
|type=NHL
|article=Sagamore Camp
|name=Sagamore
|address=Off [[New York State Route 28|NY 28]] at W end of [[Sagamore Lake]]
|city=[[Raquette Lake, New York|Raquette Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1976-01-11
|image=Sagamore Camp, Long Lake, NY.jpg
|lat=43.765556
|lon=-74.627222
|description=The third [[Adirondack Great Camp]] constructed by [[William West Durant]] on Sagamore Lake between 1895–1897; it was later sold to [[Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt]].
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=14
|refnum=01001031
|type=NRHP
|article=Snowy Mountain Fire Observation Station
|name=Snowy Mountain Fire Observation Station
|address=[[Snowy Mountain (New York)|Snowy Mountain]]
|city=[[Indian Lake, New York|Indian Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2001-09-23
|image=
|lat=43.701944
|lon=-74.335
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=15
|refnum=04001446
|type=NRHP
|article=St. William's Catholic Church (Long Lake, New York)
|name=St. William's Catholic Church
|address=Long Point on [[Raquette Lake]]
|city=[[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2005-01-07
|image=Beach-St-Williams-L.jpg
|lat=43.825833
|lon=-74.631944
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=16
|refnum=03000998
|type=NRHP
|article=Wakely Mountain Fire Observation Station
|name=Wakely Mountain Fire Observation Station
|address=[[Wakely Mountain]]
|city=[[Lake Pleasant, New York|Lake Pleasant]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=2003-10-03
|image=
|lat=43.730556
|lon=-74.473611
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=17
|refnum=88001440
|type=NRHP
|article=Wells Baptist Church
|name=Wells Baptist Church
|address=Main St.
|city=[[Wells, New York|Wells]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1988-09-01
|image=
|lat=43.400556
|lon=-74.287778
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=18
|refnum=89002089
|type=HD
|article=Whelan Camp
|name=Whelan Camp
|address=Mick Rd.
|city=[[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]]
|county=[[Hamilton County, New York]]
|date=1989-12-21
|image=
|lat=43.8075
|lon=-74.653611
|description=
}}
|}

==See also==
{{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Hamilton County, New York}}
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in New York]]
*[[List of National Historic Landmarks in New York]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in New York}}

[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in New York by county|Hamilton County]]
[[Category:Hamilton County, New York]]

Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Menominee County (Michigan)

2012-09-02T18:18:01Z

BotMultichill: {{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Menominee County, Michigan}}

The following is a list of [[National Register of Historic Places|Registered Historic Places]] in [[Menominee County, Michigan]].
{{NRHP date for lists|Michigan}}
__NOTOC__
{{clear}}

{{NRHP header|NRISref=2008b|state_iso=us-mi}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=74000996
|type=NRHP
|article=Alvin Clark (schooner)
|name=''ALVIN CLARK'' (schooner)
|address=Mystery Ship Seaport, Lake Michigan
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1974-05-16
|image=AlvinClark.jpg
|lat=45.104167
|lon=-87.620278
|description=The ''Alvin Clark'' was a 1847 [[schooner]] that sank in [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] in 1864. It was salvaged in nearly pristine condition in 1969<ref name = "speltz">{{cite web | title = The Mystery Ship -A Tragedy | author = Andreas Jordahl Rhude | publisher = Bob Spettl Land o' Lakes | url = http://www.acbs-bslol.com/Porthole/AlvinClark.htm | accessdate = February 24, 2012}}</ref> and moored in Menominee. However, no plans were in place for proper preservation, and the ''Clark'' deteriorated rapidly. The ship and the adjacent seaport/museum were demolished completely in 1994 to make way for a parking lot.<ref name = "door">{{cite | title = Door Peninsula Shipwrecks| author = Jon Paul Van Harpen | publisher = Arcadia Publishing | year = 2006 | ISBN = 0-7385-4014-5 | pages = 85 - 90 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XC4ilyUmuIYC&pg=PA81&dq=%22ALVIN+CLARK%22+schooner&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WTRIT-7uCOf00gH1keGGDg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22ALVIN%20CLARK%22&f=false}}</ref>
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=82002852
|type=NRHP
|article=Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Station (Menominee, Michigan)
|name=Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Station
|address=219 W. 4th Ave.
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1982-04-22
|image=Menominee Michigan Railroad Station.jpg
|lat=45.100083
|lon=-87.6025
|description=This single story depot, constructed in 1903, is substantially similar to the [[Milwaukee Road Depot (Marinette, Wisconsin)|nearby depot]] at [[Marinette, Wisconsin]]. It was used as an interurban station, serving passenger trains between Menominee and [[Crivitz, Wisconsin]], until 1914. From 1915 until 1927, the rail line offered both passenger and freight service, but the venture ultimately failed. The station was used as a freight stop until 1938, after which it was shuttered.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=74000997
|type=HD
|article=First Street Historic District
|name=First Street Historic District
|address=Roughly bounded by the northern side of 10th Ave., 4th Ave., 2nd St., and Green Bay Shoreline
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1974-12-31
|image=2009-0619-Menominee-1StDist.jpg
|lat=45.105278
|lon=-87.6025
|description= The First Street Historic District, also known as the '''Main Street Historic District''' or the '''Historic Waterfront Downtown''', encompasses Menominee's commercial downtown area. The district contains over 40 commercial buildings and civic structures, as well as several private houses, spread over a {{convert|29|acre}} area. Most of these buildings date to Menominee's prosperous era which began around 1890, and are in substantially original condition or have only minor alterations.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=10000615
|type=NRHP
|article=Charles G. Janson Garage
|name=Charles G. Janson Garage
|address=524 10th Ave.
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=2010-09-02
|image=Charles G Janson Garage Menominee Michigan.jpg
|lat=45.107778
|lon=-87.609167
|description=The Charles G. Janson Garage is a two-story commercial building constructed of brick; it was originally constructed in 1915 for Charles G. Janson, a [[Ford]] auto dealer. An addition to the building was made in 1933.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=75000958
|type=NRHP
|article=Menominee County Courthouse
|name=Menominee County Courthouse
|address=10th Ave. between 8th and 10th Sts.
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1975-03-07
|image=Menominee County Courthouse.jpg
|lat=45.107222
|lon=-87.613056
|description=The Menominee County Courthouse is a three story [[Neoclassical architecture|Classical Revival]] building constructed of red brick, sitting on a rock-faced [[ashlar]] basement. It was constructed in 1874-75 from a design by [[Chicago]] architect G.P. Randall.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=6
|refnum=05000738
|type=NRHP
|article=Menominee Pier Light
|name=Menominee Pierhead Light Station
|address=Offshore end of Menominee Harbor N pier at mount of Menominee R
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=2005-07-27
|image=MenomineeMichiganLighthouse.jpg
|lat=45.097222
|lon=-87.585833
|description=The Menominee Pier Light Station was established in 1877. The current structure is a distinctive red {{convert|34|ft}} octagonal cast iron building which was first lit in 1927.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=7
|refnum=92000464
|type=NRHP
|article=R. J. Hackett (steamer)
|name=''R. J. HACKETT'' (steamer)
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1992-05-21
|image=RJ Hackett.jpg
|lat=45.357778
|lon=-87.181944
|description=The '''''R. J. Hackett''''' was a steamer built in 1869 by shipbuilder Elihu M. Peck. When first launched, the ship's wide cross-section and long midships hold was an unconventional design, but the design's relative advantages in moving cargo through the inland lakes spawned many imitators. The ''Hackett'' is recognized as the very first [[Great Lakes freighter]], a vessel type that has dominated [[Great Lakes]] shipping for over 100 years. In 1905, the ''Hackett'' caught fire and sank on Whaleback Shoal in [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]], {{convert|9.5|miles}} southeast of the Cedar River. The wreck slipped slightly off the reef, and currently sits in 10 -14 feet of water.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=8
|refnum=78001508
|type=NRHP
|article=Riverside Site
|name=Riverside Site
|address=Near Riverside Cemetery<ref name = "loc">The location of the Riverside Site is given by the NRIS as "address restricted." However, the City of Menominee describes it as "near the Riverside Cemetery." ({{cite| title = City of Menominee Master Plan for Land Use Review | date = July 2010 | publisher = City of Menominee | url = http://www.cityofmenominee.org/images/stories/pdf/master_plan/chap08.pdf}}) Coordinates given are approximate.</ref>
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1978-03-24
|image=RiversideSiteExcavation.jpg
|lat=45.1166667
|lon=-87.66667
|description=The Riverside Site, also known as '''20-ME-1''', is an archaeological site consisting of what was once a village along with an associated cemetery. Artifacts found at the Riverside site included a mix of [[Old Copper Complex|Old Copper]] and [[Red Ocher people|Red Ocher]] cultures, with some additional [[Woodland period|Woodland]] and [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian]] cultural elements. [[Radiocarbon dating]] of organic remains indicated dates ranging from 1090 BCE to 70 AD, with the majority of the artifacts dating from about 500 BCE to about 200 BCE.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=9
|refnum=95000865
|type=NRHP
|article=St. John the Baptist Catholic Church (Menominee, Michigan)
|name=St. John the Baptist Catholic Church
|address=904 11th Ave.
|city=[[Menominee, Michigan|Menominee]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1995-07-21
|image=St Joseph Catholic Church Menominee Michigan.jpg
|lat=45.10875
|lon=-87.613353
|description=The St. John the Baptist parish in Menominee was the oldest religious organization on the [[Menominee River]] in Michigan. The current church, designed by architect and parish member Derrick Hubert, was built in 1921-22. The church was used by the parish until parish mergers in 1972. In 1976, the Menominee County Historical Society purchased the building, and it is now used as the society's Heritage Museum.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=10
|refnum=02000040
|type=HD
|article=Wells State Park (Michigan)
|name=J. W. Wells State Park
|address=N7670 [[M-35 (Michigan highway)|M-35]]
|city=[[Cedarville Township, Michigan|Cedarville Township]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=2002-02-25
|image=WellsStateParkM35.jpg
|lat=45.3875
|lon=-87.370556
|description= The park was established in 1925 through a donation by the children of John Walter Wells, a pioneer lumberman in the area and the mayor of Menominee for three terms beginning in 1893. Many of the park's buildings, landscaping and water and sewage systems were built by the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] in the 1930s and 1940s.
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=11
|refnum=91000901
|type=NRHP
|article=IXL Historical Museum
|name=Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company Office Building
|address=N5551 River St., Meyer Township
|city=[[Hermansville, Michigan|Hermansville]]
|county=[[Menominee County, Michigan]]
|date=1991-07-26
|image=IXLMuseumHermanstownMichigan.jpg
|lat=45.709167
|lon=-87.607778
|description=This building was constructed as the headquarters for the Wisconsin Land & Lumber Company in 1882. It remained as the firm's headquarters until 1978, and in 1982 was repurposed as the '''IXL Historical Museum'''.<ref>[http://www.hermansville.com/IXLMuseum/Default.htm IXL Museum, Hermansville, Michigan]</ref> It stands essentially as it was built in 1881-82. The museum is home to items from Hermansville's lumbering and hardwood flooring era.
}}
|}
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}

==See also==
{{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in Menominee County, Michigan}}
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in Michigan}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}

[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Michigan by county|Menominee County]]
[[Category:Menominee County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Menominee County, Michigan]]

National Register of Historic Places in den Nördlichen Marianen

2012-09-02T17:59:07Z

BotMultichill: {{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in the Northern Mariana Islands}}

[[File:Northern Mariana Islands-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|250px|Map of the Northern Mariana Islands]]
This is a list of the [[Property type (National Register of Historic Places)#Building|buildings]], [[Property type (National Register of Historic Places)#Site|sites]], [[Property type (National Register of Historic Places)#Historic districts|districts]], and [[Property type (National Register of Historic Places)#Object|objects]] listed on the '''[[National Register of Historic Places]] in the [[Northern Mariana Islands]]'''. There currently 37 listed sites spread across the four municipalites of the Northern Mariana Islands. There are no sites listed on any of the islands that make up the [[Northern Islands Municipality]].

{{NRHP date for lists|Northern Mariana Islands}}

== Numbers of listings ==
The following are approximate tallies of current listings in the Northern Mariana Islands on the National Register of Historic Places. These counts are based on entries in the National Register Information Database as of April 24, 2008<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008b}}</ref> and new weekly listings posted since then on the National Register of Historic Places web site.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/nrlist.htm |title=National Register of Historic Places: Weekly List Actions |accessdate=January 16, 2009 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> There are frequent additions to the listings and occasional delistings and the counts here are not official. Also, the counts in this table exclude boundary increase and decrease listings which modify the area covered by an existing property or district and which carry a separate National Register reference number.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! {{NRHP color}}|
! {{NRHP color}}| '''Municipality'''
! {{NRHP color}}| '''# of Sites'''
|--
! 1
| Northern Islands
| 0
|--
! 2
| [[#Rota|Rota]]
| 10
|--
! 3
| [[#Saipan|Saipan]]
| 20
|--
! 4
| [[#Tinian|Tinian]]
| 7
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="2" | Total:
! 37
|}
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}

==Rota==
{{NRHP header|city=Village|state_iso=us-mp}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=12000250
|type=NRHP
|article=Chudang Palii Japanese World War II Defensive Complex
|name=Chudang Palii Japanese World War II Defensive Complex
|address=Sunrise Hotel, Rte. 100
|city=[[Sinapalo|Sinapalu]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=2012-05-01
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=98001066
|type=NRHP
|article=Chugai' Pictograph Site
|name=Chugai' Pictograph Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Chugai', Northern Mariana Islands|Chugai']]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1998-08-31
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=81000663
|type=NRHP
|article=Commissioner's Office
|name=Commissioner's Office
|address=North of Songsong Village
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1981-04-17
|image=
|lat=14.167222
|lon=145.162778
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=85000287
|type=NRHP
|article=Dugi Archeological Site
|name=Dugi Archeological Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1985-02-11
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=84000422
|type=NRHP
|article=Japanese Coastal Defense Gun
|name=Japanese Coastal Defense Gun
|address=Northeast of Songsong
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1984-11-02
|image=
|lat=14.120278
|lon=145.166389
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=6
|refnum=81000664
|type=NRHP
|article=Japanese Hospital (Rota)
|name=Japanese Hospital
|address=West side of Sasanhaya Bay
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1981-04-16
|image=
|lat=14.136944
|lon=145.138333
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=7
|refnum=85002301
|type=NRHP
|article=Mochong
|name=Mochong
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1985-09-11
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=8
|refnum=81000665
|type=NRHP
|article=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Sugar Mill
|name=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Sugar Mill
|address=Southwest of Songsong Village, near the harbor
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1981-04-16
|image=
|lat=14.135833
|lon=145.1375
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=9
|refnum=81000666
|type=NRHP
|article=Rectory (Rota)
|name=Rectory
|address=North end of the island
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1981-04-16
|image=
|lat=14.166389
|lon=145.166667
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=10
|refnum=74002225
|type=NRHP
|article=Rota Latte Stone Quarry (Mariana Islands)
|name=Rota Latte Stone Quarry
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Songsong]]
|county=[[Rota (island)|Rota]]
|date=1974-12-23
|image=Taga Latte Stone Quarry, Rota 2.jpg
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
|}

==Saipan==
{{NRHP header|city=Village|state_iso=us-mp}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=85001789
|type=NHL
|article=Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isley Field; & Marpi Point, Saipan Island
|name=Landing Beaches, Aslito–Isley Field and Marpi Point
|address=[[Saipan International Airport]] and Beaches
|city=[[Chalan Kanoa]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1985-02-04
|image=
|lat=15.115278
|lon=145.716944
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=81000667
|type=HD
|article=Isley Field Historic District
|name=Isley Field Historic District
|address=[[Saipan International Airport]]
|city=[[Chalan Kanoa]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1981-06-26
|image=
|lat=15.122222
|lon=145.732778
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=85000244
|type=NRHP
|article=Unai Obyan Latte Site
|name=Unai Obyan Latte Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Chalan Kanoa]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1985-02-05
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=78003081
|type=NRHP
|article=Waherak MAIHER
|name=Waherak MAIHER
|address=Public Works Headquarters Compound
|city=[[Chalan Kanoa]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1978-01-31
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=84000207
|type=NRHP
|article=Campaneyan Kristo Rai
|name=Campaneyan Kristo Rai
|address=Beach Road
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1984-10-30
|image=
|lat=15.203056
|lon=145.717778
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=6
|refnum=87001559
|type=NRHP
|article=Chalan Galaide
|name=Chalan Galaide
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1987-10-04
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=7
|refnum=74002189
|type=NRHP
|article=Japanese Hospital (Saipan)
|name=Japanese Hospital
|address=Route 3
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1974-12-19
|image=
|lat=15.201667
|lon=145.718889
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=8
|refnum=10001017
|type=HD
|article=Japanese Jail Historic and Archeological District
|name=Japanese Jail Historic and Archeological District
|address=Chichirica Avenue and Ghiyobw Street
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=2011-04-08
|image=
|lat=15.350278
|lon=145.71875
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=9
|refnum=74002224
|type=NRHP
|article=Japanese Lighthouse (Garapan, Saipan)
|name=Japanese Lighthouse
|address=Navy Hill{{coord|15|12|48|N|145|43|59|E|name=Japanese Lighthouse}}
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1974-12-19
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=10
|refnum=84000425
|type=HD
|article=Managaha Island Historic District
|name=Managaha Island Historic District
|address=West of Saipan
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1984-11-05
|image=
|lat=15.241389
|lon=145.7125
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=11
|refnum=84000731
|type=NRHP
|article=Sabanetan Toro Latte Site
|name=Sabanetan Toro Latte Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Garapan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1984-11-08
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=12
|refnum=00001212
|type=NRHP
|article=Laulau Kattan Latte Site
|name=Laulau Kattan Latte Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Kagman III Homestead]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=2000-10-30
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=13
|refnum=03000549
|type=NRHP
|article=Hachiman Jinja (Saipan)
|name=Hachiman Jinja
|address=Lot numbers H 300–11 and H 300–4
|city=[[Kannat Taddong Papago]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=2003-06-21
|image=
|lat=15.178889
|lon=145.761111
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=14
|refnum=96000825
|type=NRHP
|article=Unai Achugao Archaeological Site
|name=Unai Achugao Archaeological Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Punton Achugao]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1996-08-08
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=15
|refnum=95001048
|type=NRHP
|article=Japanese 20mm Cannon Blockhouse
|name=Japanese 20mm Cannon Blockhouse
|address=Northwest of Punton Opyan
|city=[[Saipan|Saipan Island]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1995-08-25
|image=
|lat=15.112778
|lon=145.704722
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=16
|refnum=86000235
|type=NRHP
|article=Tachognya
|name=Tachognya
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[San Jose, Northern Mariana Islands|San Jose]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1986-02-13
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=17
|refnum=76002192
|type=NRHP
|article=Banzai Cliff
|name=Banzai Cliff
|address=Bandero, Magpi area
|city=[[San Roque, Saipan|San Roque]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1976-08-27
|image=
|lat=15.288056
|lon=145.816111
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=18
|refnum=76002193
|type=NRHP
|article=Suicide Cliff
|name=Suicide Cliff
|address=Bandero
|city=[[San Roque, Saipan|San Roque]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1976-09-30
|image=
|lat=15.277222
|lon=145.809722
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=19
|refnum=84002777
|type=NRHP
|article=Unai Lagua Japanese Defense Pillbox
|name=Unai Lagua Japanese Defense Pillbox
|address=Unai Lagua
|city=[[San Roque, Saipan|San Roque]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=1984-06-01
|image=
|lat=15.273611
|lon=145.828333
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=20
|refnum=07000123
|type=NRHP
|article=Brown Beach One Japanese Fortifications
|name=Brown Beach One Japanese Fortifications
|address=Unai Laolao Kattan (North Laolao Beach) along the east coast of Saipan
|city=[[Unai Laolao Kattan, Northern Mariana Islands|Unai Laolao Kattan]]
|county=[[Saipan]]
|date=2007-02-28
|image=
|lat=15.175833
|lon=145.784722
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=21
|refnum=74002193
|type=NRHP
|article=House of Taga (Mariana Islands)
|name=House of Taga
|address=San Jose Village
|city=[[San Jose, Northern Mariana Islands|San Jose Village]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1974-12-19
|image=Latte stones at Taga House, Tinian.jpg
|lat=14.966806
|lon=145.622222
|description=
}}
|}

==Tinian==
{{NRHP header|city=Village|state_iso=us-mp}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=81000669
|type=NRHP
|article=Japanese Structure
|name=Japanese Structure
|address=Near Red 2 Beach
|city=[[Tinian Village, Northern Mariana Islands|Tinian Village]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1981-04-16
|image=
|lat=14.971111
|lon=145.620556
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=81000670
|type=NRHP
|article=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Administration Building
|name=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Administration Building
|address=Near Red 2 Beach
|city=[[Tinian Village, Northern Mariana Islands|Tinian Village]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1981-04-16
|image=
|lat=14.972222
|lon=145.618889
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=81000671
|type=NRHP
|article=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Ice Storage Building
|name=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Ice Storage Building
|address=Near Red 2 Beach
|city=[[Tinian Village, Northern Mariana Islands|Tinian Village]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1981-04-17
|image=
|lat=14.967778
|lon=145.623056
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=4
|refnum=81000672
|type=NRHP
|article=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Laboratory
|name=Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Laboratory
|address=Near Red 2 Beach
|city=[[Tinian Village, Northern Mariana Islands|Tinian Village]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1981-04-16
|image=
|lat=14.972222
|lon=145.618611
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=5
|refnum=85003268
|type=NHLD
|article=Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point Field, Tinian Island
|name=Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point Field, Tinian Island
|address={{coord|15|4|10|N|145|37|0|E|name=Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point Field, Tinian Island}}
|city=[[Tinian Village, Northern Mariana Islands|Tinian Village]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1985-12-30
|image=Atom Bomb Pit 1 Little Boy a.JPG
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=6
|refnum=99001270
|type=NRHP
|article=Unai Dangkulo Petroglyph Site
|name=Unai Dangkulo Petroglyph Site
|address=Address Restricted
|city=[[Unai Dangkulo, Northern Mariana Islands|Unai Dangkulo]]
|county=[[Tinian]]
|date=1999-10-27
|image=
|lat=
|lon=
|description=
}}
|}

==See also==
{{Commons category|National Register of Historic Places in the Northern Mariana Islands}}
{{Portal|Micronesia|National Register of Historic Places|United States}}
* [[List of United States National Historic Landmarks in United States commonwealths and territories, associated states, and foreign states]]
{{-}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{Northern Mariana Islands}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Register Of Historic Places Listings In The Northern Mariana Islands}}
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in the Northern Mariana Islands| ]]

Benutzer:ErfgoedBot

2012-08-30T19:04:13Z

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** [[Benutzer:Kolossos|Kolossos]] ([[BD:Kolossos|Disk]])
** [[Benutzer:Raymond|Raymond]] ([[BD:Raymond|Disk]])
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[[File:The secret flow of Wiki Loves Monuments infographic DE.svg|center|1000px]]

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Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Jefferson County (Oregon)

2012-06-26T13:26:37Z

BotMultichill: Robot: Automated text replacement (-(\{\{NRHP header.*)(\}\}) +\1|state_iso=us-or\2)

Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Gilliam County

2012-06-26T13:26:32Z

BotMultichill: Robot: Automated text replacement (-(\{\{NRHP header.*)(\}\}) +\1|state_iso=us-or\2)

This is a list of properties and districts in [[Gilliam County, Oregon]] that are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

{{GeoGroupTemplate}}

==Current listings==
{{NRHP header|state_iso=us-or}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=1
|refnum=89000053
|type=NRHP
|article=S. B. Barker Building
|name=S. B. Barker Building
|address=333 S. Main St.
|city=[[Condon, Oregon|Condon]]
|county=[[Gilliam County, Oregon]]
|date=1989-02-21
|image=
|lat=45.234444
|lon=-120.183889
|description=
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=2
|refnum=98000609
|type=HD
|article=Condon Commercial Historic District
|name=Condon Commercial Historic District
|address=Roughly bounded by Ward, Spring, and Oregon Sts., and mid-block between Walnut and Frazier Sts.; also 122 N. Oregon St.
|city=[[Condon, Oregon|Condon]]
|county=[[Gilliam County, Oregon]]
|date=1998-05-29
|image=Condon panorama.jpg
|lat=45.235833
|lon=-120.183333
|description=122 Oregon represents a boundary increase of {{dts|2001|5|16}}
}}
{{NRHP row
|pos=3
|refnum=91001556
|type=NRHP
|article=Silas A. Rice Log House
|name=Silas A. Rice Log House
|address=OR 19 at Burns Park
|city=[[Condon, Oregon|Condon]]
|county=[[Gilliam County, Oregon]]
|date=1991-10-31
|image=
|lat=45.241389
|lon=-120.178056
|description=
}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{National Register of Historic Places Oregon}}

[[Category:National Register of Historic Places listings by county in Oregon|Gilliam County]]
[[Category:Gilliam County, Oregon]]