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Clipboard-Manager

2009-07-09T08:58:02Z

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A '''clipboard manager''' is a [[computer program]] that adds additional functionality to basic [[Clipboard (software)|clipboard]] usage. The main tasks of a
clipboard manager are:
* to store data [[copy and paste|copied]] to clipboard, so it can be [[copy and paste|pasted]] after closing the host application of the data copied, and
* to make multiple clips from the clip history available, whereas most system-native clipboards overwrite one clip with the next.

==Copy history==
Some clipboard managers allow the user to keep multiple objects, usually text fragments, in the clipboard. Often this is done in the form of copy history. Without a clipboard manager, it is usually possible to keep only one entry in the clipboard. If another object is cut or copied the previously stored one is discarded.

Some applications have an internal ''copy history feature''. This internal copy history, though, is lost after the host application is closed. This copy history feature has been a standard feature in powerful [[Unix|UNIX]] editors like [[vi]] and [[emacs]]. Later versions of [[Microsoft Office]] have also included some built-in clipboard management, the "Office Clipboard" which remains open as long as one of the Office suite applications is open.

==Clipboard managers in different systems==
The default clipboard manager of [[Microsoft Windows]] operating system enables pasting after closing the host application of the copied data (usually), but doesn't have the copy history feature. Users needing this functionality often run a more powerful clipboard manager in parallel with the default one. [[Mac OS X]] also has a whole host of third party options for clipboard managers. Third party clipboard managers for Mac OS X use mac concepts such as the [[Dock (Mac OS X)|Dock]] or [[Dashboard (software)|Dashboard]] to fit nicely into the operating system.

The [[freedesktop.org]] Clipboard Manager specification <ref>[http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/clipboard-manager-spec?action=show&redirect=Standards%2Fclipboard-manager-spec freedesktop.org Clipboard Manager specification]</ref> describes a protocol layered on top of the [[ICCCM]] clipboard spec for client applications to direct a daemon process to save clipboard contents. The client-side specification has native support in a number of toolkits, including [[GTK+]]<ref>[http://library.gnome.org/devel/gtk/unstable/gtk-Clipboards.html#gtk-clipboard-set-can-store GtkClipboard], GTK+ Reference Manual, GNOME Documentation Library</ref>; it of course requires a daemon clipboard manager to be running in the user's X session.

The UNIX desktop environment [[KDE]] ships with [[Klipper]]. [[GNOME]] contains basic clipboard manager functionality in gnome-settings-daemon, part of gnome-control-center; it preserves clipboard contents on application close, supporting the freedesktop.org Clipboard Manager Specification. It is also possible to run more complex clipboard managers in GNOME, such as Klipper, [[Glipper]] or Java based ACM<ref>[http://acmgr.sourceforge.net/ ACM - Advanced Clipboard Manager]</ref>, the latter being cross-platform application that was initially made for Windows. With ACM it is possible to store different types of content like text, files or images.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{too many links}}
=== for Microsoft Windows ===
* [http://www.acetext.com/ AceText], a paid clipboard manager
* [http://www.joejoesoft.com/vcms/97/ ArsClip], a free clipboard manager
* [http://www.lw-works.com/clipboard-recorder Clipboard Recorder], a free or paid clipboard extender
* [http://www.clipmagic.com ClipMagic], a free or paid clipboard viewer/manager
* [http://www.thornsoft.com ClipMate], a paid clipboard viewer/manager
* [http://clipdiary.com/ ClipDiary], a paid clipboard manager
* [http://bluemars.org/clipx/ ClipX], a free clipboard manager
* [http://www.comfort-software.com/clipboard-manager.html Comfort Clipboard], a paid clipboard manager
* [http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/awt/datatransfer/Clipboard.html Java 1.5 API], a Clipboard
* [http://www.phraseexpress.com PhraseExpress], a free clipboard manager and Autotext utility
* [http://www.asbware.com textBEAST clipboard+], a free or paid multiclipboard manager with image viewer and screen capture
* [http://www.ultimatecopypaste.com/ UltimateCopyPaste], a paid multiclipboard manager
* [http://www.clipguru.com/ ClipGuru], a free text / image clipboard manager
* [http://www.intelexual.com/products/YCX/ Yankee Clipper], a paid clipboard viewer/manager

=== for Linux ===
* [[Glipper]], for [[GNOME]]
* [http://gclip.uhvo.org gClip] GTK2 clipboard manager for GNOME, ROX Filer Openbox (pypanel), Fluxbox, etc...
* [[Klipper]], for [[KDE]]
* [[xclipboard]], for generic [[X Window System|X]] [[X Window Manager|Window Managers]]

=== for Apple OS X ===
* [http://www.scriptsoftware.com/copypaste CopyPaste], was the first commercial multiple clipboard edit, archive, display and manipulation utility.
* [http://jumpcut.sourceforge.net/ Jumpcut], free and open source
* [http://www.machsoftwaredesign.com/clipboard.html Clipboard Evolved]
* [http://cole.nitroy.com/projects.html Clipper], the last version 1.1 can be found on [http://www.versiontracker.com/dyn/moreinfo/macosx/28485 VersionTracker]
* [http://inventive.us/iClip/ iClip]
* [http://www.macupdate.com/info.php/id/21795 MacUpdate]
* [http://blitzclicksoft.com/products.php Savvy Clipboard]
* [http://www.omh.cc/clyppan/ Clyppan: A free and Open Source clipboard history application]
[[Category:Clipboard]]

Miller River (South Fork Skykomish River)

2009-02-25T06:36:15Z

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{{unreferenced}}
{{Geobox River

| name = Miller River
| native_name =
| other_name =
| other_name1 =

| country = [[United States]]
| country1 =
| state = [[Washington]]
| state1 =
| region_type =
| region =
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| district =
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| city =
| city1 =
| landmark =
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| source_name = Confluence of the East and West Forks
| source_location = [[North Cascades]]
| source_district =
| source_region =
| source_state =
| source_country =
| source_lat_d =
| source_lat_m =
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| source_long_EW =
| source_coordinates_note =
| source_elevation_imperial =
| source_elevation_note
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| mouth_name = [[Skykomish River]]
| mouth_location = Miller River (Community)
| mouth_district =
| mouth_region =
| mouth_state =
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}}

The '''Miller River''' is a [[river]] in [[King County]], [[Washington]]. It is a tributary of the [[Skykomish River]]. It joins near the community of Miller River. Its source is the confluence of the East and West Forks.

== West Fork ==

The West Fork Miller River begins at the ridge dividing it and the [[Taylor River (Washington)|Taylor River]]. It flows northeast from there, converging with the East Fork near a campground. Its only officially named tributaries are Cleopatra and Coney Creeks. Cleopatra Creek drains a [[basin]] just north of the West Fork’s source while Coney Creek drains high elevation Coney Lake. Just above its mouth, the West Fork drops over two small [[waterfalls]], Borderline Falls then Immigration Falls.

'''West Fork Tributaries'''

*Gouging Lake Outlet Stream
*Cleopatra Creek
*Coney Creek
*Francis Lake Outlet Stream

== East Fork ==

The East Fork Miller River begins at the outlet of [[Lake Dorathy]] . Upon exiting the lake, the river drops over a [[headwall]] as it makes its way toward the bottom of the [[valley]]. Florence Falls occurs near the bottom of the headwall. Shortly after the falls, the river picks up the waters of Camp Robber Creek and shortly after that Smith Creek’s as well. Not too far downstream from that the river is joined by Great Falls Creek, which drains tiny Tumwater Lake and may or may not harbor a large waterfall along its course. From the [[lake]]’s outlet, the river’s course is basically north the entire way.

'''East Fork Tributaries'''

*Camp Robber Creek
*Smith Creek
*Hinter Lake Outlet Stream
*Purvis Lake Outlet Stream
*Great Falls Creek

== Mainstream ==

From its source at the confluence of the East and West Forks, the river flows north to its confluence with the Skykomish River near the community of Miller River. It has no officially named tributaries but it does have several small, unnamed ones, most notably the stream draining Cleveland Lake.

'''Mainstream Tributaries'''

*Cleveland Lake Outlet Stream

== See Also ==

*[[Skykomish River]]
*[[Lake Dorathy]]
*[[Miller River Waterfalls]]
*[[List of rivers in Washington]]

[[Category:Rivers of Washington (U.S. state)]]

War Plan Red

2008-10-09T05:48:02Z

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[[Image:War Plan Red colour designation map.PNG|400px|thumb|right|Canada, in "Crimson", the UK is "Red," India "Ruby," Australia "Scarlet," New Zealand "Garnet", and Ireland "Emerald" according to War Plan Red]]
'''War Plan Red''' was a military document outlining a hypothetical war between the [[United States]] and the [[British Empire]] (the "Red" forces). It was developed by the [[United States Army]] during the mid 1920s, and was officially withdrawn in 1939, when it and others like it were replaced by the five "Rainbow" plans created to deal with the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] threat.

The war was intended to be a continental war, waged primarily on North American territory between the United States and the [[British Empire]]. The assumption was that Canada would represent the ideal geographic forum through which the British could wage war against the United States.

There is some debate over whether the plan was actually meant to be put into action. Although an Anglo-American war had been a real possibility during the late 19th century{{Fact|date=August 2008}}, the likelihood of this declined substantially following the turn of the century. The amicable negotiations of the tense [[Venezuela]]-[[British Guiana]] border dispute, the [[Hay-Pauncefote Treaty]], the establishment of the [[International Joint Commission]], and the [[Washington Naval Treaty]] are examples of the increasingly close U.S.-Canadian relationship during this period. War Plan Red is notably generalized and lacking in detail, indicating its low priority in the planners' eyes.

War Plan Red was only one of a number of [[U.S. Color-coded War Plans]] developed at this time.

War Plan Red was declassified in 1974, and caused a stir in American-Canadian relations; [[Canada]], named "Crimson" in the plans, was to have been the principal target of American forces. Additionally, the UK was "Red," [[India]] "Ruby," [[Australia]] "Scarlet," [[New Zealand]] "Garnet", and [[Ireland]] "Emerald."

==Outline==
[[Image:Canada Maritime provinces map.png|thumb|The [[Maritimes|Maritime provinces]] in eastern Canada were the primary areas of strategic importance for the plan.]]
The war plan did not go into detail regarding offensive or defensive naval campaigns against the [[British Empire]], at that time still the world's dominant naval power. It primarily set out a description of Canada's geography, military resources, and transportation, and then proceeded to discuss a series of possible campaigns aimed at occupying key ports and railroad lines before British troops could reinforce Canada. This would prevent Britain from using Canadian resources, ports, or airbases against the United States.

The main zones of operation discussed in the plan are:
* [[Nova Scotia]] and [[New Brunswick]]
** Occupying [[Halifax (former city), Nova Scotia|Halifax]] following a poison gas first strike, would deny the British a major naval base and cut links between Britain and Canada.
** The plan considers several land and sea options for the attack and concludes that a landing at [[St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia|St. Margarets Bay]], a then undeveloped bay near Halifax, would be superior to a direct assault on the longer overland route.
** Failing to take Halifax, the U.S. could occupy New Brunswick by land and the key railway junction at [[Moncton]] to cut Nova Scotia off from the rest of Canada.
* [[Quebec]] and the valley of the [[Saint Lawrence River]]
** Occupying [[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]] and [[Quebec City, Quebec|Quebec City]] would cut the remainder of Canada off from the Eastern seaboard, preventing the movement of soldiers and resources in both directions
** The routes from northern [[New York]] to Montreal and from [[Vermont]] to Quebec are both found satisfactory for an offensive, with Quebec being the more critical target.
* [[Ontario]] and the [[Great Lakes]] area
** Occupying this region gains control of [[Toronto]] and most of Canada's industry, while also preventing [[UK|Britain]] and [[Canada]] from using it for air or land attacks against the U.S. industrial heartland in the [[Midwest]].
** The plan proposes simultaneous offensives from [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] across [[Niagara River]], from [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] into Ontario, and from [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]] into [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]]. Controlling the Great Lakes for U.S. transport is considered logistically necessary for a continued invasion.
* [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]]
** Winnipeg is a central nexus of the Canadian rail system for connecting the country.
** The plan sees no major obstacles to an offensive from [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]], to Winnipeg.
* [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]] and [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]]
** Although Vancouver's distance from [[Europe]] reduces its importance, occupying it would deny Britain a naval base and cut Canada off from the [[Pacific Ocean]].
** Vancouver could be easily attacked overland from [[Bellingham, Washington]], and [[Vancouver Island]] could be attacked by sea from [[Port Angeles, Washington]].
** The [[British Columbia]] port [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]] has a rail connection to the rest of Canada, but a naval blockade is viewed as easy if Vancouver were taken.

It is generally little-known that a Canadian military officer, [[James Sutherland Brown|Colonel James "Buster" Sutherland Brown]], developed a counterpart to WPR called [[Defence Scheme No. 1]]. Maintaining the best defence was a good offence, "Buster" Brown planned for rapid deployment of [[flying columns]] to occupy [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], [[Portland, Oregon]], [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]]. Simultaneous troop movements to converge on [[Albany, New York|Albany]], naval assault on [[Maine]] and bridgeheads along [[Niagara Peninsula|Niagara]] and [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]. With no hope of actually maintaining an invasion force - the reasoning was to divert invading troops to the flanks and away from Canada - hopefully long enough for Imperial allies to arrive with reinforcements. Defence Scheme No. 1 was remarked by a Canadian officer as a "fantastic desperate plan [which] just might have worked." However, in 1928, the scheme was terminated as peaceful US-British relations were sought.

==Further reading==
* Rudmin, Floyd W. (May 1993). ''Bordering on Aggression: Evidence of U.S. Military Preparations Against Canada''. Voyageur Publishing. ISBN 0-92184-209-0.

==See also==
{{wikisource}}
* [[Canadian Bacon (film)]]
* [[Defence Scheme No. 1]]
* [[Pig War]] (1859)
* [[Trent Affair]] (1861)
* [[U.S. Color-coded War Plans]]
* [[War of 1812]]

==External links==
* [http://www.glasnost.de/hist/usa/1935invasion.html 1935 Invasion]
* ''[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/29/AR2005122901412.html Raiding the Icebox]'', Washington Post article discussing the plans

[[Category:United Kingdom–United States relations]]
[[Category:Canada–United States relations]]
[[Category:Caribbean–United States relations]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of the United States]]

[[fr:War Plan Red]]
[[ja:レッド計画]]

Alam Lohar

2008-07-08T06:27:17Z

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{{unreferenced}}
'''Muhammad Alam Lohar''' ([[Urdu]]: '''محمد عالم لوہار''') was a prominent [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] [[folk music]] singer of [[Pakistan]]. Alam Lohar was born in the small village of ''Aach Goach'' in [[Gujrat District]], in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], into a family of [[blacksmiths]]. He was gifted with a melodious voice and began singing as a child. Alam Lohar developed a new style of singing the [[Punjabi]] warm, an epic or folk tale. He is famous for his rendition of [[Waris Shah]]’s [[Heer]], which he has memorized in 36 styles and forms. He recorded his first album at the age of 13 and has outsold all other singers in Pakistan{{fact}}.

Alam Lohar organized a full-fledged theatre with a complete orchestra. His troupe toured all of Punjab for religious and seasonal festivals. Alam Lohar's son [[Arif Lohar]] is also a famous singer. Alam Lohar was died in an accident near ''Sham ki bhaitiyan'' on [[July 3]], [[1979]]. He was laid to rest in [[Lalamusa|Lala Musa]].

==Songography==
His famous songs are;
* ''Dil wala dukhra nahin kisse noon sunayee da
* ''saiful malook
* ''Qissa Hazrat Yousaf
* ''Mar ke modha hauly jaye sorry akh gaye
* ''Bol mitti diya bawiya
* ''Jugni
* ''Qissa Karbala
* ''Kalam baba Bulle shah

==External links==
* [http://www.folkpunjab.com/alam-lohar/ Alam Lohar Profile - Folk Punjab]
* [http://www.alamlohar.com/ Alam Lohar website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lohar, Alam}}

[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani people]]
[[Category:People from Gujrat District]]
[[Category:Pakistani singers]]
[[Category:Pakistani folk singers]]
[[Category:Punjabi singers]]
[[Category:Pride of Performance]]

{{Pakistan-bio-stub}}
{{Pakistan-singer-stub}}