Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1894

2011-04-06T19:22:10Z

Azra singh:

{{Infobox Election
| election_name = United States House of Representatives elections, 1894
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1891
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States House of Representatives elections, 1892
| previous_year = 1892
| next_election = United States House of Representatives elections, 1896
| next_year = 1896
| seats_for_election = All 400 seats to the [[United States House of Representatives]]
| election_date = November 6, 1894
| image1 = [[Image:TBReed.jpg|150px]]
| leader1 = [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]]
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| leaders_seat1 = [[Maine's 1st congressional district|Maine-1st]]
| last_election1 = 184 seats
| seats1 = 314
| seat_change1 = +130
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = [[Image:CharlesFrederickCrisp.jpg|150px]]
| leader2 = [[Charles Frederick Crisp|Charles Crisp]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| leaders_seat2 = [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district|Georgia-3rd]]
| last_election2 = 180 seats
| seats2 = 55
| seat_change2 = -125
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| title = Speaker
| before_election = [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]]
| after_election = [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}

The '''U.S. House election, 1894''' was a [[realigning election]]—a major Republican landslide that set the stage for the decisive [[Election of 1896]]. The elections of members of the [[United States House of Representatives]] in 1894 came in the middle of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Grover Cleveland]]'s second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression ever following the [[Panic of 1893]], so economic issues were at the forefront. In the spring, [[Bituminous Coal Miners' Strike of 1894|a major coal strike]] damaged the economy of the [[Midwest]] and [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]]. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many moved toward the Populist party. Immediately after the coal strike concluded, [[Eugene V. Debs]] led a nationwide railroad strike, called the [[Pullman Strike]]. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison (for disobeying a court order). Illinois' Governor [[John Peter Altgeld]], a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.

The fragmented and disoriented [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] was crushed everywhere outside the South, losing more than half its seats to the [[History of the United States Republican Party|Republican Party]]. Even in the South, the Democrats lost seats to Republican-Populist [[electoral fusion]] in Alabama, Texas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A00E7DF1231E033A2575AC0A9679D94659ED7CF</ref><ref>http://history.missouristate.edu/wrmiller/Populism/Texts/Documents/Bibliography/african_American.htm</ref> The Democrats lost 125 seats in the election while the Republicans gained 130 seats. This makes the 1894 election the largest midterm election victory in the entire [[history of the United States]].

The main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservative [[Bourbon Democrats]] led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the silverist wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground, outside Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas where state-level fusion with the Republicans was successful despite Populist and Republican antagonism at the national level. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the [[American Protective Association]]. The allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics moved toward the GOP. [Jensen (1971) ch 9]. Democrat [[William Jennings Bryan]] lost the Senate race in Nebraska, but came back to win the 1896 presidential nomination.

==Overall results==

{| class=wikitable align="center"
|-
! Party
! colspan=2 | Total seats (change)
! Seat percentage
|-
| [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]]
| align="right" | 254
| align="right" | +130
| align="right" | 71.1%
|-
| [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]
| align="right" | 93
| align="right" | -125
| align="right" | 26.0%
|-
| [[United States Populist Party|Populist Party]]
| align="right" | 9
| align="right" | -2
| align="right" | 2.5%
|-
| Other
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | +0
| align="right" | 0.2%
|-
| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | -2
| align="right" | 0.0%
|-
! Totals
! align="right" | 357
! align="right" | +1
! align="right" | 100.0%
|}
[[Image:54 us house membership.png|thumb|left|300px|
{|- style="background-color:transparent"
!colspan=2|House seats by party holding plurality in state
|-
|{{legend|#f00|80.1-100% Republican}}
|{{legend|#00f|80.1-100% Democratic}}
|-
|{{legend|#f66|60.1-80% Republican}}
|{{legend|#09f|60.1-80% Democratic}}
|-
|{{legend|#f99|≤60% Republican}}
|{{legend|#0ff|≤60% Democratic}}
|}]]
[[Image:54 us house changes.png|thumb|right|300px|
{|- style="background-color:transparent"
|{{legend|#f00|6+ Republican gain}}
|{{legend|#cfc|1-2 Populist gain}}
|-
|{{legend|#f66|3-5 Republican gain}}
|{{legend|#ccc|no net change}}
|-
|{{legend|#f99|1-2 Republican gain}}
|{{legend|#0ff|1-2 Democratic gain}}
|}]]
<br style="clear:both"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=LCCN01018795&id=CIygwRBKdHUC&dq=Democratic+%22campaign+text+Book%22&pg=PP14&printsec=2&lpg=PP14 ''Republican Campaign Text Book, 1894'']
*Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971)

==See also==
*[[54th United States Congress]]
*[[United States Senate elections, 1894]]
{{U.S. House elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United States House Of Representatives Elections, 1894}}
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections]]
[[Category:1894 elections in the United States]]
[[Category:53rd United States Congress]]
[[Category:54th United States Congress]]

Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten 1894

2011-02-18T14:02:23Z

Azra singh: gop control

{{Infobox Election
| election_name = United States House of Representatives elections, 1894
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1891
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States House of Representatives elections, 1892
| previous_year = 1892
| next_election = United States House of Representatives elections, 1896
| next_year = 1896
| seats_for_election = All 357 seats to the [[United States House of Representatives]]
| election_date = November 6, 1894
| image1 = [[Image:TBReed.jpg|150px]]
| leader1 = [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]]
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| leaders_seat1 = [[Maine's 1st congressional district|Maine-1st]]
| last_election1 = 124 seats
| seats1 = 254
| seat_change1 = +130
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = [[Image:CharlesFrederickCrisp.jpg|150px]]
| leader2 = [[Charles Frederick Crisp|Charles Crisp]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| leaders_seat2 = [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district|Georgia-3rd]]
| last_election2 = 218 seats
| seats2 = 93
| seat_change2 = -125
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| title = Speaker
| before_election = [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]]
| after_election = [[Thomas Brackett Reed|Thomas Reed]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}

The '''U.S. House election, 1894''' was a [[realigning election]]—a major Republican landslide that set the stage for the decisive [[Election of 1896]]. The elections of members of the [[United States House of Representatives]] in 1894 came in the middle of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Grover Cleveland]]'s second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression ever following the [[Panic of 1893]], so economic issues were at the forefront. In the spring, [[Bituminous Coal Miners' Strike of 1894|a major coal strike]] damaged the economy of the [[Midwest]] and [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]]. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many moved toward the Populist party. Immediately after the coal strike concluded, [[Eugene V. Debs]] led a nationwide railroad strike, called the [[Pullman Strike]]. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison (for disobeying a court order). Illinois' Governor [[John Peter Altgeld]], a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.

The fragmented and disoriented [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] was crushed everywhere outside the South, losing more than half its seats to the [[History of the United States Republican Party|Republican Party]]. Even in the South, the Democrats lost seats to Republican-Populist [[electoral fusion]] in Alabama, Texas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A00E7DF1231E033A2575AC0A9679D94659ED7CF</ref><ref>http://history.missouristate.edu/wrmiller/Populism/Texts/Documents/Bibliography/african_American.htm</ref> The Democrats lost 125 seats in the election while the Republicans gained 130 seats. This makes the 1894 election the largest midterm election victory in the entire [[history of the United States]].

The main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservative [[Bourbon Democrats]] led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the silverist wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground, outside Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas where state-level fusion with the Republicans was successful despite Populist and Republican antagonism at the national level. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the [[American Protective Association]]. The allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics moved toward the GOP. [Jensen (1971) ch 9]. Democrat [[William Jennings Bryan]] lost the Senate race in Nebraska, but came back to win the 1896 presidential nomination.

==Overall results==

{| class=wikitable align="center"
|-
! Party
! colspan=2 | Total seats (change)
! Seat percentage
|-
| [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]]
| align="right" | 254
| align="right" | +130
| align="right" | 71.1%
|-
| [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]
| align="right" | 93
| align="right" | -125
| align="right" | 26.0%
|-
| [[United States Populist Party|Populist Party]]
| align="right" | 9
| align="right" | -2
| align="right" | 2.5%
|-
| Other
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | +0
| align="right" | 0.2%
|-
| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | -2
| align="right" | 0.0%
|-
! Totals
! align="right" | 357
! align="right" | +1
! align="right" | 100.0%
|}
[[Image:54 us house membership.png|thumb|left|300px|
{|- style="background-color:transparent"
!colspan=2|House seats by party holding plurality in state
|-
|{{legend|#f00|80.1-100% Republican}}
|{{legend|#00f|80.1-100% Democratic}}
|-
|{{legend|#f66|60.1-80% Republican}}
|{{legend|#09f|60.1-80% Democratic}}
|-
|{{legend|#f99|≤60% Republican}}
|{{legend|#0ff|≤60% Democratic}}
|}]]
[[Image:54 us house changes.png|thumb|right|300px|
{|- style="background-color:transparent"
|{{legend|#f00|6+ Republican gain}}
|{{legend|#cfc|1-2 Populist gain}}
|-
|{{legend|#f66|3-5 Republican gain}}
|{{legend|#ccc|no net change}}
|-
|{{legend|#f99|1-2 Republican gain}}
|{{legend|#0ff|1-2 Democratic gain}}
|}]]
<br style="clear:both"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=LCCN01018795&id=CIygwRBKdHUC&dq=Democratic+%22campaign+text+Book%22&pg=PP14&printsec=2&lpg=PP14 ''Republican Campaign Text Book, 1894'']
*Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971)

==See also==
*[[54th United States Congress]]
*[[United States Senate elections, 1894]]
{{U.S. House elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United States House Of Representatives Elections, 1894}}
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections]]
[[Category:1894 elections in the United States]]
[[Category:53rd United States Congress]]
[[Category:54th United States Congress]]