Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Feinkost-Nassmarkt in Wuhan

2020-02-13T16:50:17Z

Allenkong11:

{{Infobox shopping mall
| shopping_mall_name = 武汉华南海鲜批发市场
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| location = {{CHN}}[[湖北省]][[武汉市]][[江汉区]][[汉口]]发展大道 {{coord|30.61971|114.25740|display=title}}
| opening_date = 2005年3月24日（备案时间）<ref>[https://xueqiu.com/1689987310/140074809 肺炎疫情源头被挖出？华南海鲜市场到底谁在掌控]</ref><ref>[https://money.163.com/20/0127/14/F3TGHK0400259DLP.html 华南海鲜市场幕后老板：地产起家 “二代”接班]</ref>
| closing_date = 2020年1月1日（暂时休市）
| manager = [[武汉华南海鲜市场有限公司]]
| owner = 余甜、余其泽<ref>[https://money.163.com/20/0127/14/F3TGHK0400259DLP.html 华南海鲜市场幕后老板：地产起家 “二代”接班]</ref>
| number_of_stores = 1000余户<ref>[https://australia51.com/mp/4915D27F-B026-6E9C-3AAD-45A183CE4612/ 武汉华南海鲜市场罕见照片！]</ref><ref name=cb/>
| website =
}}

'''武汉华南海鲜批发市场'''，又名'''华南海鲜市场'''，是[[中华人民共和国]][[湖北省]][[武汉市]]的一个海鲜专业批发市场。位于[[江汉区]][[汉口]]金家墩地区，发展大道（[[武汉二环线|二环线]]）、[[新华路 (武汉)|新華路]]交界，[[汉口火车站]]附近，临近同为[[武汉华南置业集团有限公司]]隶属的华南果批（[[华南果品批发市场]]）<ref>[https://finance.ifeng.com/c/7taT5P6XIeG 疫情集散地的华南海鲜市场背后：至今未露面的余氏家族和神秘女人赵红]</ref>，是[[武汉]]也是[[华中地区]]规模最大的海鲜水产批发交易市场<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=武汉人一年至少吃掉15亿元海鲜 "生吃的"最受欢迎|url=http://news.foodmate.net/2012/09/214347.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=食品伙伴网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125010937/http://news.foodmate.net/2012/09/214347.html|archive-date=2020-01-25|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=cb/>。市场总建筑面积5万平方米，投资金额近5000万元，有经营户1000余户<ref name=cb/>。由于是[[2019新型冠状病毒疫情]]的最初爆發地点，武汉华南海鲜批发市场成为了舆论焦点。

== 市场规模及历史 ==
'''华南海鲜批发市场'''建成已超过15年<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉肺炎的隐患，其实很早就埋下了|url=https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tRHaWqzrQ8|accessdate=2020-01-22|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网|publisher=|language=}}</ref>，开业三个月曾先后两次扩建<ref name=":4" />，如今市场总建筑面积5万平方米，投资金额近5000万元，有经营户1000余户<ref name=cb/>。市场安置了下岗职工几百人，以缓解政府的压力。曾多次被授予“武汉市文明市场”荣誉称号。<ref>{{Cite web|title=肺炎疫情源头被挖出？华南海鲜市场到底谁在掌控|url=https://cj.sina.cn/articles/view/1704103183/65928d0f02001iyab?vt=4|accessdate=2020-01-28|author=|date=2020-01-28|format=|publisher=|language=}}</ref>该市场的成立时间早于[[汉口火车站]]，原本因市场位于发展大道二环外的金家墩地区，偏僻而比较荒凉，后因汉口站的开通而变得繁华。市场分为东、西两区，东区有12条商业街，每条街有大约8家店铺，主营肉类。西区有15条街，主营水产、海鲜、调味品。<ref>{{cite news |author1=张胜坡 |author2=向凯 |author3=张惠兰 |title=探访武汉华南海鲜市场：已休市整治，市场内商户防护意识较差 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/364142314_391294 |accessdate=2020-01-23 |work=新京报 |publisher=搜狐 |date=2020-01-01}}</ref>

华南海鲜批发市场由[[武汉华南海鲜市场有限公司]]所持有<ref name=":2" />，隶属于[[武汉华南置业集团有限公司]]。<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=重回武汉肺炎起点：卖野味的华南市场老板是谁？|url=https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tYcNvtX0CG|accessdate=2020-01-27|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127000319/https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tYcNvtX0CG|archive-date=2020-01-27|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2020武漢風暴》華南市場變「毒窟」背後老闆遭起底|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200128002174-260511|accessdate=2020-01-30|last=趙永紝|work=- 中時電子報|language=zh}}</ref>经营范围包括市场物业管理、停车场经营；水产品、初级农产品的批发兼零售；食品销售。<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场有限公司|url=https://xin.baidu.com/company_detail_33006202876187?fl=1&castk=LTE%3D|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=百度企业信用|publisher=|language=}}</ref>其[[法定代表人]]为余甜，其弟弟余其泽为股东。余甜父亲[[余祝生]]的前妻赵红则曾于1999年至2006年管理华南海鲜市场，赵红管理期间适逢[[SARS事件|非典]]、[[H5N1|禽流感]]时期，市场每天消毒，未发生传染现象。<ref name=":6" />2013年，受[[H7N9]]疫情影响，华南海鲜市场曾被要求压缩交易，尽快出货，但并未关闭市场。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉最大家禽市场关闭市场内5万只鸡鸭被宰杀|url=http://hb.ifeng.com/news/focus/detail_2013_04/07/689341_0.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网湖北频道|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

该市场承担着长江以北地区不少大型集贸市场的猪肉供应<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=华南海鲜市场有人强设门槛|url=http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2010/01/208885.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=长江商报官方网站|publisher=|language=}}</ref>，也贩卖[[野味]]（如[[斑蛙]]、[[蛇]]、[[刺猬]]等动物）等<ref name="cb">{{cite news |author1=张家振 |author2=陈婷 |title=“华南海鲜批发市场西区有十几家贩卖野味的商户”{{!}}对话武汉肺炎当事人 |url=http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13474141264 |accessdate=2020-01-23 |publisher=中国经营网·中经实时报 |date=2020-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122192237/http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13474141264 |archive-date=2020-01-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。市场内海鲜品种多，大小可挑选，有干货、冻品、冰鲜。市场也会给各酒店及公司提供采购服务，是市内众多酒店的配送中心。经营户一般早上四五点开门，营业12个小时左右。<ref name="whcb">{{cite news |title=华南海鲜批发市场——特色：武汉最大海鲜批发地 |publisher=武汉晨报 |date=2013-11-01}}</ref>2011年华南海鲜批发市场的交易额达13至15亿元，且不断呈增长态势。<ref name=":0" />

2019年9月25日上午，武汉市多部门联合开展野生动物经营市场专项检查，未发现违法经营行为，执法人员逐一检查近8家商户的野生动物经营许可审批文件、营业许可证，严禁其经营未获审批的野生动物。华南海鲜市场负责人表示：“将加大对商户进货索证索票的检查力度，一旦发现商家存在违法违规经营行为，将第一时间向执法部门报告，并清理出市场。”<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉市多部门联合开展野生动物经营市场专项检查|url=https://www.changjiangtimes.com/2019/09/600316.html|accessdate=2020-01-22|author=长江商报}}</ref>

== 问题 ==
=== 垄断问题 ===
2007年7月中旬，有经营户反映华南海鲜批发市场虾业协会存在垄断行为。称虾业协会给商户约法称每天每户向虾协报所需数量，由虾协组织供货并保证质量，要求各虾户头天进货，次日就要结账，若有拖欠就不给货，并强制商贩加入虾协。导致虾类质量变差，价格上涨，并影响到本地部分酒店的正常经营。之后多个部门接到市民投诉。武汉市[[江汉工商分局]]已介入调查。<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场：不入虾协商贩甭想做生意|url=http://biz.163.com/05/0725/12/1PGN8H8600020QFC.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=网易商业报道|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125010314/http://biz.163.com/05/0725/12/1PGN8H8600020QFC.html|archive-date=2020-01-25|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2009年至2010年之交，有市民反映从华南海鲜市场附近的[[硚口]]长胜屠宰场购进的猪肉不能进入华南海鲜市场销售，若有商户从长胜屠宰场送肉，就有不明身份的人出来阻拦，甚至以刀棒威胁。记者采访武汉市生猪屠宰领导小组管理办公室，有关人士认为“这实际上就是一种垄断。”<ref name=":1" />

=== 安全及卫生问题 ===
2009年8月5日，华南海鲜批发市场内发生火灾，多间经营-{}-干货的店铺损失严重。火灾是由于其中一家商户装修时操作[[电焊]]不慎造成的。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场昨遭火劫多家商户遭殃损失惨|url=http://www.feedtrade.com.cn/aquatic/news/200908/20090806125959.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=中国饲料行业信息网|publisher=|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=华南海鲜市场昨日发生火灾|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2009-08-05/024616066743s.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=新浪网|publisher=|language=}}</ref>同年11月29日，华南海鲜市场内一间海鲜店起火，有值守店面人员跳下逃生，其中一名女子[[腰椎]][[粉碎性骨折]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场失火守夜人跳楼逃生|url=http://www.shuichan.cc/news_view-30100.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=水产养殖网|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

2013年媒体报道，华南海鲜批发市场每天有上千斤死虾子流入[[大排档]]和部分餐馆。<ref>{{Cite web|title=每天千斤死虾流入武汉市场吃烤虾球需谨慎|url=http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2013/07/451380.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=长江商报官方网站|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818113921/http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2013/07/451380.html|archive-date=2013-08-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2014年2月，据《[[武汉晨报]]》报道，华南海鲜批发市场旁的绿化带草丛中有大量的生活垃圾，而这些垃圾都是来海鲜城运货收货的货车司机乱扔的<ref>{{cite news |author1=蔡爽 |author2=易望星 |author3=王凯 |title=隐形垃圾场——华南海鲜花坛藏污纳垢 |work=武汉晨报 |date=2014-02-22}}</ref>。

2017年[[国家食品药品监督管理总局]]组织开展的经营环节鲜活水产品抽检监测中，检出不合格样品66批次，其中华南海鲜批发市场内两间商户鱼类检出[[孔雀石绿]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=国家食药监总局：66批次鲜活水产品抽检不合格|url=http://www.cqn.com.cn/ms/content/2017-11/09/content_5088799.htm|accessdate=|author=中国质量新闻网|date=2017-11-09|format=|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

早在2019年6月27日，[[人民网]]投诉留言板块就有市民投诉武汉华南海鲜批发市场脏乱差，但武汉市政府却并未回应及解决<ref>{{Cite web|title=发展大道华南海鲜市场脏乱差，盼整改！|url=http://liuyan.people.com.cn/threads/content?tid=6068403|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=人民网领导留言板|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122193057/http://liuyan.people.com.cn/threads/content?tid=6068403|archive-date=2020-01-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

=== 假冒和“缺斤少两” ===
2008年4月，《武汉晨报》报道称华南海鲜市场一些商贩教零售商和餐馆进货者作假，如“[[高锰酸钾]]水泡出野生甲鱼”，还主动帮忙“代加工”<ref>{{cite news |author1=杨飞 |title=高锰酸钾水泡出“野生”甲鱼——华南海鲜市场商贩教客户作假 |work=武汉晨报 |date=2008-04-15}}</ref>。

2011年9月，江汉工商分局唐家墩工商所在华南海鲜批发市场查出假冒伪劣[[螃蟹]]348公斤<ref>{{cite news |author1=张华俊 |author2=董利平 |title=华南海鲜市场查出冒牌螃蟹348公斤 |work=长江日报 |date=2011-09-29}}</ref>。10月，又被查出有一批商家使用涉嫌舞弊的电子秤来多收消费者的钱<ref>{{cite news |author1=胡勇谋 |author2=张华俊 |author3=董利平 |title=图文：一按遥控器显示屏数字“坐电梯”——武汉工商突查华南海鲜等多家市场，查获一批涉嫌舞弊的电子秤 |work=楚天都市报 |date=2011-10-13}}</ref>。

2013年10月，《楚天都市报》披露，华南海鲜批发市场的多家商户存在“缺斤少两”的现象，1斤9两的螃蟹被称出3斤4两的重量，若如此计算则消费者要多花90块钱<ref>{{cite news |author1=谈海亮 |title=图文：记者暗访华南海鲜市场螃蟹过秤如坐“跷跷板” |work=楚天都市报 |date=2013-10-15}}</ref>。
=== 其他 ===
2012年9月，据《[[楚天都市报]]》报道，华南海鲜市场门前的新华西路上，存在有“交通乱象”，如货车乱停乱放等，需要得到管理<ref>{{cite news |author1=刘晨玮 |title=华南海鲜市场门前的新华西路上交通乱象亟待管理 |work=楚天都市报 |date=2012-09-25}}</ref>。

位于武汉华南海鲜市场东区附街7、8、9、11号的大众家畜批发中心曾在2019年7月5日被列入经营异常名录，理由是未按照《[[个体工商户年度报告办法]]》规定报送年度报告。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场一批发中心曾被列入经营异常名录|url=https://finance.sina.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-22/detail-iihnzahk5783899.d.html|accessdate=2020-01-28|author=|date=2020-01-22|last=|format=|work=新浪财经|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

== 新型冠狀病毒爆發事件 ==
{{Main|2019新型冠状病毒疫情}}
{{See also|2019新型冠狀病毒}}
{{CNcurrent}}
2019年至2020年在華南海鮮市場發生多宗涉及[[2019新型冠狀病毒|新型冠状病毒]]的[[肺炎]]病例，引发巨大争议。2019年12月30日下午，[[李文亮]]看到一份显示检出[[嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒|SARS冠状病毒]]高置信度阳性指标的病人的检测报告，于是下午17时43分他在同学群中发布了一条关于[[华南海鲜市场]]疫情的信息“华南水果海鲜市场确诊了7例[[SARS]]”。<ref>{{cite news |author1=刘名洋 |title=对话“传谣”被训诫医生：我是在提醒大家注意防范 |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/31/682076.html |accessdate=2020-02-06 |work=新京报网|date=2020-01-31 11:29:59 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206144253/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/31/682076.html |archive-date=2020-02-06 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，4日後[[李文亮]]因“在互联网上发布不实言论”而被武汉市公安局武昌区分局中南路街派出所提出警示和训诫<ref>{{cite web|title=武漢肺炎「吹哨者」：三周前就知道可「人傳人」了|url=https://health.udn.com/health/story/120951/4313771|accessdate=2020-02-06|author1=林則宏|website=元气网}}</ref>。

2019年12月31日媒体报道大部分商户仍正常营业。<ref>{{Cite web|title=探访武汉华南海鲜批发市场：大部分商户正常营业|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/12-31/9047997.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=中新网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101130448/http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/12-31/9047997.shtml|archive-date=2020-01-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>當日，[[紅星新聞]]記者來到華南海鮮市場，發現有数名[[武汉市疾控中心]]便衣工作人员对商户进行拍照，但工作人员拒绝回应记者“是否是在对患者摊位进行排查”的提问，而华南海鲜市场管理办公室工作人员则回应“无可奉告”。<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜批发市场休市整治，动物内脏曾散落街角|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5402038|accessdate=2020-01-18|work=澎湃新闻}}</ref>根据流行病学调查显示，部分患者为华南海鲜批发市场经营户<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=武汉通报不明原因肺炎：发现59例已排除SARS病原|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/05/670244.html|accessdate=2020-01-05|work=新京报|language=zh-cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105144215/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/05/670244.html|archive-date=2020-01-05|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=武汉市卫生健康委员会关于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情况通报|url=http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020010509020|date=2020-01-05|language=zh-hans|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114082052/http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020010509020|archivedate=2020-01-14|website=武汉市卫生健康委员会|access-date=2020-01-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2020年1月1日，武汉市[[江汉区]]市场监督管理局和卫生健康局联合发出公告，决定对华南海鲜批发市场实行休市，进行环境卫生整治，开市时间另行通知。隔日，大部分商户已关门停业。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场休市官方回应开市时间另行通知|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/02/669100.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|last=www.bjnews.com.cn|format=|work=新京报|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121101408/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/02/669100.html|archive-date=2020-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场休市整治：多数商户已关门停业(图)|url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-01/doc-iihnzhfz9652655.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-02|work=中国经营网|language=zh-cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102112601/https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-01/doc-iihnzhfz9652655.shtml|archive-date=2020-01-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2020年1月17日《[[科学 (期刊)|科学]]》杂志发文称武漢華南海鮮批發市場可能并非病毒发源地。<ref>{{cite web |author=网易 |url=https://tech.163.com/20/0127/21/F3U7PO26000999LD.html |title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally |publisher=Tech.163.com |date= |accessdate=2020-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127194606/https://tech.163.com/20/0127/21/F3U7PO26000999LD.html |archive-date=2020-01-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
多家媒体随后也有相关指出<ref>[https://blog.dwnews.com/post-1306629.html 为什么华南海鲜市场不是 “武汉肺炎”的源头？]</ref>。

有网友在[[微博]]上发文称武汉华南海鲜批发市场宰杀出售各种野生动物，1月21日[[新京報]]记者实地探访发现有遗弃的动物尸体及动物内脏，并有几处卖[[野味]]的商家。<ref name=":5" />其中有一间名为“大众畜牧野味”的店铺售卖42种野味。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南市场“大众畜牧”被曝售卖42种野味所涉摊位已闭店|url=https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tPu0taMXqq|accessdate=2020-01-21|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121201723/https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tPu0taMXqq|archive-date=2020-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2020年1月，[[中国疾控中心]]從武汉华南海鲜市场送來的环境样本中检出大量[[2019新型冠狀病毒]]<ref>{{cite news |title=中国疾控中心在武汉华南海鲜市场检出大量新型冠状病毒 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/27/c_1125504355.htm |access-date=2020-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127081332/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/27/c_1125504355.htm |archive-date=2020-01-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==參見==
*[[武漢造謠八君子]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{2019-nCoV}}
[[Category:江汉区]]
[[Category:武汉经济]]
[[Category:中国批发市场]]
[[Category:鱼市场]]
[[Category:武汉建筑物]]
[[Category:2019新型冠狀病毒疫情]]

Feinkost-Nassmarkt in Wuhan

2020-02-13T16:42:39Z

Allenkong11:

{{Infobox shopping mall
| shopping_mall_name = 武汉华南海鲜批发市场
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| location = {{CHN}}[[湖北省]][[武汉市]][[江汉区]][[汉口]]发展大道 {{coord|30.61971|114.25740|display=title}}
| opening_date = 2005年3月24日（备案时间）<ref>[https://xueqiu.com/1689987310/140074809 肺炎疫情源头被挖出？华南海鲜市场到底谁在掌控]</ref><ref>[https://money.163.com/20/0127/14/F3TGHK0400259DLP.html 华南海鲜市场幕后老板：地产起家 “二代”接班]</ref>
| closing_date = 2020年1月1日（暂时休市）
| manager = [[武汉华南海鲜市场有限公司]]
| owner = 余甜、余其泽<ref>[https://money.163.com/20/0127/14/F3TGHK0400259DLP.html 华南海鲜市场幕后老板：地产起家 “二代”接班]</ref>
| number_of_stores = 1000余户<ref>[https://australia51.com/mp/4915D27F-B026-6E9C-3AAD-45A183CE4612/ 武汉华南海鲜市场罕见照片！]</ref><ref name=cb/>
| website =
}}

'''武汉华南海鲜批发市场'''，又名'''华南海鲜市场'''，是[[中华人民共和国]][[湖北省]][[武汉市]]的一个海鲜专业批发市场。位于[[江汉区]][[汉口]]金家墩地区，发展大道（[[武汉二环线|二环线]]）、[[新华路 (武汉)|新華路]]交界，[[汉口火车站]]附近，临近同为[[武汉华南置业集团有限公司]]隶属的华南果批（[[华南果品批发市场]]）<ref>[https://finance.ifeng.com/c/7taT5P6XIeG 疫情集散地的华南海鲜市场背后：至今未露面的余氏家族和神秘女人赵红]</ref>，是[[武汉]]也是[[华中地区]]规模最大的海鲜水产批发交易市场<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=武汉人一年至少吃掉15亿元海鲜 "生吃的"最受欢迎|url=http://news.foodmate.net/2012/09/214347.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=食品伙伴网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125010937/http://news.foodmate.net/2012/09/214347.html|archive-date=2020-01-25|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=cb/>。市场总建筑面积5万平方米，投资金额近5000万元，有经营户1000余户<ref name=cb/>。由于是[[2019新型冠状病毒疫情]]的最初爆發地点，武汉华南海鲜批发市场成为了舆论焦点。

== 市场规模及历史 ==
'''华南海鲜批发市场'''建成已超过15年<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉肺炎的隐患，其实很早就埋下了|url=https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tRHaWqzrQ8|accessdate=2020-01-22|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网|publisher=|language=}}</ref>，开业三个月曾先后两次扩建<ref name=":4" />，如今市场总建筑面积5万平方米，投资金额近5000万元，有经营户1000余户<ref name=cb/>。市场安置了下岗职工几百人，以缓解政府的压力。曾多次被授予“武汉市文明市场”荣誉称号。<ref>{{Cite web|title=肺炎疫情源头被挖出？华南海鲜市场到底谁在掌控|url=https://cj.sina.cn/articles/view/1704103183/65928d0f02001iyab?vt=4|accessdate=2020-01-28|author=|date=2020-01-28|format=|publisher=|language=}}</ref>该市场的成立时间早于[[汉口火车站]]，原本因市场位于发展大道二环外的金家墩地区，偏僻而比较荒凉，后因汉口站的开通而变得繁华。市场分为东、西两区，东区有12条商业街，每条街有大约8家店铺，主营肉类。西区有15条街，主营水产、海鲜、调味品。<ref>{{cite news |author1=张胜坡 |author2=向凯 |author3=张惠兰 |title=探访武汉华南海鲜市场：已休市整治，市场内商户防护意识较差 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/364142314_391294 |accessdate=2020-01-23 |work=新京报 |publisher=搜狐 |date=2020-01-01}}</ref>

华南海鲜批发市场由[[武汉华南海鲜市场有限公司]]所持有<ref name=":2" />，隶属于[[武汉华南置业集团有限公司]]。<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=重回武汉肺炎起点：卖野味的华南市场老板是谁？|url=https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tYcNvtX0CG|accessdate=2020-01-27|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127000319/https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tYcNvtX0CG|archive-date=2020-01-27|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2020武漢風暴》華南市場變「毒窟」背後老闆遭起底|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200128002174-260511|accessdate=2020-01-30|last=趙永紝|work=- 中時電子報|language=zh}}</ref>经营范围包括市场物业管理、停车场经营；水产品、初级农产品的批发兼零售；食品销售。<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场有限公司|url=https://xin.baidu.com/company_detail_33006202876187?fl=1&castk=LTE%3D|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=百度企业信用|publisher=|language=}}</ref>其[[法定代表人]]为余甜，其弟弟余其泽为股东。余甜父亲[[余祝生]]的前妻赵红则曾于1999年至2006年管理华南海鲜市场，赵红管理期间适逢[[SARS事件|非典]]、[[H5N1|禽流感]]时期，市场每天消毒，未发生传染现象。<ref name=":6" />2013年，受[[H7N9]]疫情影响，华南海鲜市场曾被要求压缩交易，尽快出货，但并未关闭市场。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉最大家禽市场关闭市场内5万只鸡鸭被宰杀|url=http://hb.ifeng.com/news/focus/detail_2013_04/07/689341_0.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网湖北频道|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

该市场承担着长江以北地区不少大型集贸市场的猪肉供应<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=华南海鲜市场有人强设门槛|url=http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2010/01/208885.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=长江商报官方网站|publisher=|language=}}</ref>，也贩卖[[野味]]（如[[斑蛙]]、[[蛇]]、[[刺猬]]等动物）等<ref name="cb">{{cite news |author1=张家振 |author2=陈婷 |title=“华南海鲜批发市场西区有十几家贩卖野味的商户”{{!}}对话武汉肺炎当事人 |url=http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13474141264 |accessdate=2020-01-23 |publisher=中国经营网·中经实时报 |date=2020-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122192237/http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13474141264 |archive-date=2020-01-22 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。市场内海鲜品种多，大小可挑选，有干货、冻品、冰鲜。市场也会给各酒店及公司提供采购服务，是市内众多酒店的配送中心。经营户一般早上四五点开门，营业12个小时左右。<ref name="whcb">{{cite news |title=华南海鲜批发市场——特色：武汉最大海鲜批发地 |publisher=武汉晨报 |date=2013-11-01}}</ref>2011年华南海鲜批发市场的交易额达13至15亿元，且不断呈增长态势。<ref name=":0" />

2019年9月25日上午，武汉市多部门联合开展野生动物经营市场专项检查，未发现违法经营行为，执法人员逐一检查近8家商户的野生动物经营许可审批文件、营业许可证，严禁其经营未获审批的野生动物。华南海鲜市场负责人表示：“将加大对商户进货索证索票的检查力度，一旦发现商家存在违法违规经营行为，将第一时间向执法部门报告，并清理出市场。”<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉市多部门联合开展野生动物经营市场专项检查|url=https://www.changjiangtimes.com/2019/09/600316.html|accessdate=2020-01-22|author=长江商报}}</ref>

== 问题 ==
=== 垄断问题 ===
2007年7月中旬，有经营户反映华南海鲜批发市场虾业协会存在垄断行为。称虾业协会给商户约法称每天每户向虾协报所需数量，由虾协组织供货并保证质量，要求各虾户头天进货，次日就要结账，若有拖欠就不给货，并强制商贩加入虾协。导致虾类质量变差，价格上涨，并影响到本地部分酒店的正常经营。之后多个部门接到市民投诉。武汉市[[江汉工商分局]]已介入调查。<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场：不入虾协商贩甭想做生意|url=http://biz.163.com/05/0725/12/1PGN8H8600020QFC.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=网易商业报道|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125010314/http://biz.163.com/05/0725/12/1PGN8H8600020QFC.html|archive-date=2020-01-25|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2009年至2010年之交，有市民反映从华南海鲜市场附近的[[硚口]]长胜屠宰场购进的猪肉不能进入华南海鲜市场销售，若有商户从长胜屠宰场送肉，就有不明身份的人出来阻拦，甚至以刀棒威胁。记者采访武汉市生猪屠宰领导小组管理办公室，有关人士认为“这实际上就是一种垄断。”<ref name=":1" />

=== 安全及卫生问题 ===
2009年8月5日，华南海鲜批发市场内发生火灾，多间经营-{}-干货的店铺损失严重。火灾是由于其中一家商户装修时操作[[电焊]]不慎造成的。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场昨遭火劫多家商户遭殃损失惨|url=http://www.feedtrade.com.cn/aquatic/news/200908/20090806125959.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=中国饲料行业信息网|publisher=|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=华南海鲜市场昨日发生火灾|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2009-08-05/024616066743s.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=新浪网|publisher=|language=}}</ref>同年11月29日，华南海鲜市场内一间海鲜店起火，有值守店面人员跳下逃生，其中一名女子[[腰椎]][[粉碎性骨折]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场失火守夜人跳楼逃生|url=http://www.shuichan.cc/news_view-30100.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=水产养殖网|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

2013年媒体报道，华南海鲜批发市场每天有上千斤死虾子流入[[大排档]]和部分餐馆。<ref>{{Cite web|title=每天千斤死虾流入武汉市场吃烤虾球需谨慎|url=http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2013/07/451380.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=长江商报官方网站|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818113921/http://www.changjiangtimes.com/2013/07/451380.html|archive-date=2013-08-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2014年2月，据《[[武汉晨报]]》报道，华南海鲜批发市场旁的绿化带草丛中有大量的生活垃圾，而这些垃圾都是来海鲜城运货收货的货车司机乱扔的<ref>{{cite news |author1=蔡爽 |author2=易望星 |author3=王凯 |title=隐形垃圾场——华南海鲜花坛藏污纳垢 |work=武汉晨报 |date=2014-02-22}}</ref>。

2017年[[国家食品药品监督管理总局]]组织开展的经营环节鲜活水产品抽检监测中，检出不合格样品66批次，其中华南海鲜批发市场内两间商户鱼类检出[[孔雀石绿]]。<ref>{{Cite web|title=国家食药监总局：66批次鲜活水产品抽检不合格|url=http://www.cqn.com.cn/ms/content/2017-11/09/content_5088799.htm|accessdate=|author=中国质量新闻网|date=2017-11-09|format=|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

早在2019年6月27日，[[人民网]]投诉留言板块就有市民投诉武汉华南海鲜批发市场脏乱差，但武汉市政府却并未回应及解决<ref>{{Cite web|title=发展大道华南海鲜市场脏乱差，盼整改！|url=http://liuyan.people.com.cn/threads/content?tid=6068403|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=人民网领导留言板|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122193057/http://liuyan.people.com.cn/threads/content?tid=6068403|archive-date=2020-01-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

=== 假冒和“缺斤少两” ===
2008年4月，《武汉晨报》报道称华南海鲜市场一些商贩教零售商和餐馆进货者作假，如“[[高锰酸钾]]水泡出野生甲鱼”，还主动帮忙“代加工”<ref>{{cite news |author1=杨飞 |title=高锰酸钾水泡出“野生”甲鱼——华南海鲜市场商贩教客户作假 |work=武汉晨报 |date=2008-04-15}}</ref>。

2011年9月，江汉工商分局唐家墩工商所在华南海鲜批发市场查出假冒伪劣[[螃蟹]]348公斤<ref>{{cite news |author1=张华俊 |author2=董利平 |title=华南海鲜市场查出冒牌螃蟹348公斤 |work=长江日报 |date=2011-09-29}}</ref>。10月，又被查出有一批商家使用涉嫌舞弊的电子秤来多收消费者的钱<ref>{{cite news |author1=胡勇谋 |author2=张华俊 |author3=董利平 |title=图文：一按遥控器显示屏数字“坐电梯”——武汉工商突查华南海鲜等多家市场，查获一批涉嫌舞弊的电子秤 |work=楚天都市报 |date=2011-10-13}}</ref>。

2013年10月，《楚天都市报》披露，华南海鲜批发市场的多家商户存在“缺斤少两”的现象，1斤9两的螃蟹被称出3斤4两的重量，若如此计算则消费者要多花90块钱<ref>{{cite news |author1=谈海亮 |title=图文：记者暗访华南海鲜市场螃蟹过秤如坐“跷跷板” |work=楚天都市报 |date=2013-10-15}}</ref>。
=== 其他 ===
2012年9月，据《[[楚天都市报]]》报道，华南海鲜市场门前的新华西路上，存在有“交通乱象”，如货车乱停乱放等，需要得到管理<ref>{{cite news |author1=刘晨玮 |title=华南海鲜市场门前的新华西路上交通乱象亟待管理 |work=楚天都市报 |date=2012-09-25}}</ref>。

位于武汉华南海鲜市场东区附街7、8、9、11号的大众家畜批发中心曾在2019年7月5日被列入经营异常名录，理由是未按照《[[个体工商户年度报告办法]]》规定报送年度报告。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场一批发中心曾被列入经营异常名录|url=https://finance.sina.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-22/detail-iihnzahk5783899.d.html|accessdate=2020-01-28|author=|date=2020-01-22|last=|format=|work=新浪财经|publisher=|language=}}</ref>

== 新型冠狀病毒爆發事件 ==
{{Main|2019新型冠状病毒疫情}}
{{See also|2019新型冠狀病毒}}
{{CNcurrent}}
2019年至2020年在華南海鮮市場發生多宗涉及[[2019新型冠狀病毒|新型冠状病毒]]的[[肺炎]]病例，引发巨大争议。2019年12月30日下午，[[李文亮]]看到一份显示检出[[嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒|SARS冠状病毒]]高置信度阳性指标的病人的检测报告，于是下午17时43分他在同学群中发布了一条关于[[华南海鲜市场]]疫情的信息“华南水果海鲜市场确诊了7例[[SARS]]”。<ref>{{cite news |author1=刘名洋 |title=对话“传谣”被训诫医生：我是在提醒大家注意防范 |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/31/682076.html |accessdate=2020-02-06 |work=新京报网|date=2020-01-31 11:29:59 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206144253/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/31/682076.html |archive-date=2020-02-06 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，4日後[[李文亮]]因“在互联网上发布不实言论”而被武汉市公安局武昌区分局中南路街派出所提出警示和训诫<ref>{{cite web|title=武漢肺炎「吹哨者」：三周前就知道可「人傳人」了|url=https://health.udn.com/health/story/120951/4313771|accessdate=2020-02-06|author1=林則宏|website=元气网}}</ref>。

2019年12月31日媒体报道大部分商户仍正常营业。<ref>{{Cite web|title=探访武汉华南海鲜批发市场：大部分商户正常营业|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/12-31/9047997.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|format=|work=中新网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101130448/http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/12-31/9047997.shtml|archive-date=2020-01-01|dead-url=no}}</ref>當日，[[紅星新聞]]記者來到華南海鮮市場，發現有数名[[武汉市疾控中心]]便衣工作人员对商户进行拍照，但工作人员拒绝回应记者“是否是在对患者摊位进行排查”的提问，而华南海鲜市场管理办公室工作人员则回应“无可奉告”。<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜批发市场休市整治，动物内脏曾散落街角|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5402038|accessdate=2020-01-18|work=澎湃新闻}}</ref>根据流行病学调查显示，部分患者为华南海鲜批发市场经营户<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=武汉通报不明原因肺炎：发现59例已排除SARS病原|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/05/670244.html|accessdate=2020-01-05|work=新京报|language=zh-cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105144215/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/05/670244.html|archive-date=2020-01-05|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=武汉市卫生健康委员会关于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情况通报|url=http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020010509020|date=2020-01-05|language=zh-hans|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114082052/http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020010509020|archivedate=2020-01-14|website=武汉市卫生健康委员会|access-date=2020-01-18|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2020年1月1日，武汉市[[江汉区]]市场监督管理局和卫生健康局联合发出公告，决定对华南海鲜批发市场实行休市，进行环境卫生整治，开市时间另行通知。隔日，大部分商户已关门停业。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场休市官方回应开市时间另行通知|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/02/669100.html|accessdate=2020-01-18|author=|date=|last=www.bjnews.com.cn|format=|work=新京报|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121101408/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/02/669100.html|archive-date=2020-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南海鲜市场休市整治：多数商户已关门停业(图)|url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-01/doc-iihnzhfz9652655.shtml|accessdate=2020-01-02|work=中国经营网|language=zh-cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102112601/https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-01/doc-iihnzhfz9652655.shtml|archive-date=2020-01-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2020年1月17日《[[科学 (期刊)|科学]]》杂志发文称武漢華南海鮮批發市場可能并非病毒发源地。<ref>{{cite web |author=网易 |url=https://tech.163.com/20/0127/21/F3U7PO26000999LD.html |title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally |publisher=Tech.163.com |date= |accessdate=2020-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127194606/https://tech.163.com/20/0127/21/F3U7PO26000999LD.html |archive-date=2020-01-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
多家媒体随后也有相关指出<ref>[https://blog.dwnews.com/post-1306629.html 为什么华南海鲜市场不是 “武汉肺炎”的源头？]</ref>。

有网友在[[微博]]上发文称武汉华南海鲜批发市场宰杀出售各种野生动物，1月21日[[新京報]]记者实地探访发现有遗弃的动物尸体及动物内脏，并有几处卖[[野味]]的商家。<ref name=":5" />其中有一间名为“大众畜牧野味”的店铺售卖42种野味。<ref>{{Cite web|title=武汉华南市场“大众畜牧”被曝售卖42种野味所涉摊位已闭店|url=https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tPu0taMXqq|accessdate=2020-01-21|author=|date=|format=|work=凤凰网|publisher=|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121201723/https://news.ifeng.com/c/7tPu0taMXqq|archive-date=2020-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2020年1月，[[中国疾控中心]]從武汉华南海鲜市场送來的环境样本中检出大量[[2019新型冠狀病毒]]<ref>{{cite news |title=中国疾控中心在武汉华南海鲜市场检出大量新型冠状病毒 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/27/c_1125504355.htm |access-date=2020-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127081332/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/27/c_1125504355.htm |archive-date=2020-01-27 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==參見==
*[[武漢造謠八君子]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{2019-nCoV}}

[[Category:批发市场]]
[[Category:江汉区]]
[[Category:武汉经济]]
[[Category:中国市场]]
[[Category:鱼市场]]
[[Category:武汉建筑物]]
[[Category:2019新型冠狀病毒疫情]]

Lucy Peng

2019-06-25T09:02:27Z

Allenkong11:

{{Chinese name|[[Peng (surname)|Peng]]}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peng Lei
| image =
| native_name = {{zh |t=彭蕾}}
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date |44|2017|06|23}}<ref name="Forbes"/>
| birth_place = [[Wanzhou]], [[Chongqing]], China
| residence =
| nationality = Chinese
| other_names = Lucy Peng
| alma_mater = [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]
| occupation = Co-founder & CEO, Ant Financial Chief people officer, [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]]
| salary =
| spouse = Sun Tongyu
| children =
| ancestry =
| networth = US$1.1 billion (November 2018)<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Lucy Peng|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|website=Forbes|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Peng Lei''' ({{zh|c=彭蕾}}<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Peng Lei, the frontrunner for Alibaba's next CEO|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|newspaper=Want China Times|date=17 January 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225438/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|archivedate=29 May 2014|df=}}</ref> born 1972/73), also known as '''Lucy Peng''', is a Chinese business executive and one of the founders of the e-commerce [[business group]] [[Alibaba Group]]. Peng is one of 21 self-made women billionaires in China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiasavchuk/2017/03/20/billionaire-newcomers-2017-yvon-chouinard-manny-stul-patrick-john-collison/#39fbe5254f1d|title=Meet The 195 Billionaire Newcomers Of 2017|last=Savchuk|first=Katia|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-10-06|language=en}}</ref>''' '''

==Career==
Peng earned a degree in business administration in 1994 from Hangzhou Institute of Commerce, which was later renamed as [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]. Following her graduation, she taught at the Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics for five years.<ref name=":0" /> Peng quit teaching shortly after marrying, and with her husband (who would later run [[Taobao]], Alibaba's eBay reminiscent marketplace) joined [[Jack Ma]] in founding Alibaba in September 1999.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> They were one of the many husband and wife teams making up the 1/3rd ratio of women amongst Alibaba's founding partners that the company would later become positively praised for.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qz.com/207398/the-gender-diversity-among-alibabas-founders-puts-silicon-valley-to-shame/#/|title=Alibaba’s gender diversity puts Silicon Valley to shame|last=Timmons|first=Heather|date=8 May 2014|website=Quartz|publisher=Quartz|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Her early responsibilities with the company involved managing the [[Human Resources|HR department]] of Alibaba, which she herself created. During this period, one of her notable accomplishments is developing the "mom and pop" model at Alibaba, in which one "mom" focused on teamwork and motivation, while one "pop" handled performance assessments.<ref name=":3" />

From January 2010 to February 2013, Peng was the CEO of [[Ant Financial Services Group|Alipay]]. Alipay became the most successful payment gateway within China under her management, expanding to over 800 million users as of 2014. As of the end of 2014, it was valued at around $60 billion.

In March 2013, Peng took over as CEO of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services.<ref name=":2" /> There, she made significant progress in searching for innovations in the mobile payments system.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile.html|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|date=October 16, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg}}</ref>

In 2013, Peng's name was frequently floated by the Chinese press as a candidate for Alibaba's next [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]. However, another executive eventually got the job.<ref name=":3" />

In 2014, Peng founded [[Ant Financial Services Group]]. In September 2015, Alibaba and Ant Financial together took a combined 40% stake in Indian mobile wallet operator [[Paytm]], placing Peng as a member of its board of directors<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45jklj/lucy-peng-43-china/#2440af87a005|title=Asia Power Women 2016|last=Scott|first=Mary E.|date=6 April 2016|website=Forbes Asia|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Ant Financial broke the record for the world's largest private fundraising found for an internet company at $4.5 billion, placing the company at an approximately $60 billion valuation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-affiliate-ant-financial-raises-4-5-billion-in-largest-private-tech-funding-round-globally-1461642246|title=Alibaba Affiliate Ant Financial Raises $4.5 Billion in Largest Private Tech Funding Round|last=Wu|first=Kane|date=25 April 2016|website=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

She also served as chief people officer, the chief human resources officer for Alibaba Group for over 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|last=|first=|date=16 October 2016|website=Bloomberg Technology|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In this position, she oversaw the approximately 35,000 employees under Alibaba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/most-powerful-women-asia-pacific/lucy-peng-11/|title=MPW Asia 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Peng became a billionaire in 2014 based on Alibaba's valuation prior to its record-setting [[Initial public offering|IPO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/people/others/1504/2389-1.htm|title=Top 5 Richest Women in World's Tech Sector|last=Wu|first=Amanda|date=22 April 2015|website=Women of China|publisher=Women of China|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Three years after she began teaching, Peng married Sun Tongyu. She later divorced him for a short period, but then remarried him.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/alibaba-co-founder-peng-lei-set-to-join-paytm-board-115011900031_1.html|title=Alibaba co-founder Peng Lei set to join Paytm board|last=Mitra|first=Sounak|date=19 January 2015|website=Business Standard|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

Porter Erisman, in his 2012 documentary Crocodile in the Yangtze about Alibaba's early years, described Peng as "a funny and down-to-earth" leader.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/17/wu-peng-alibabas-dynamic-duo/|title=Alibaba's Maggie Wu and Lucy Peng: The dynamic duo behind the IPO|last=Cendrowski|first=Scott|date=17 September 2014|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

==Accomplishments==
As of 2016, Peng was listed as the 35th most powerful woman in the world by ''Forbes'', #35 on their list of Power Women for 2016, and #17 on their list of Asia Power Women for 2016.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|last=|first=|date=|website=Forbes|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, she was ranked as the third richest woman in the tech sector by [[Wealth-X]], and the #11 Most Powerful Woman in Asia by Fortune.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wealthx.com/articles/2015/wealth-x-reveals-the-wealthiest-women-in-tech/|title=Wealth-X Reveals: The Wealthiest Women In Tech|last=|first=|date=15 April 2015|website=Wealth-X|publisher=Wealth-X|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.daonong.com/g/2009en/specialreport/20090914/10769.html An Interview with Peng Lei：The DNA Code of Alibaba], Green Herald.
* [http://tech.sina.com.cn/z/featurepl/ 彭蕾解读小微金服：无线及国际化成未来重点] (Peng Lei interpretation of small and micro payments), Sina Corp (Chinese)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1wIAs0uJ_Y Video of Lucy Peng speaking at the China 2.0 conference at the Stanford Graduate School of Business], September 28, 2012 (Chinese)

{{Alibaba Group}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peng, Lucy}}
[[Category:1970s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chongqing]]
[[Category:Chinese billionaires]]
[[Category:Chinese women chief executives]]
[[Category:Female billionaires]]
[[Category:Alibaba Group people]]
[[Category:Zhejiang Gongshang University alumni]]
[[Category:Chinese computer businesspeople]]
[[Category:Chinese technology company founders]]
[[Category:Chinese women company founders]]
[[Category:21st-century Chinese businesswomen]]

Benutzer:Swisshashtag/HiSilicon

2019-05-17T06:00:32Z

Allenkong11:

{{short description|Chinese fabless semiconductor manufacturing company, fully owned by Huawei}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = HiSilicon Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 海思半导体有限公司
| logo = Hisilicon.svg
| traded_as = HiSilicon
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1991}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=29568267|title=HiSilicon Technologies Co., Ltd.: Private Company Information|website=Bloomberg|access-date=18 January 2019}}</ref>
| type = Subsidiary
| parent = [[Huawei]]
| location = [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]], [[China]]
| industry = [[Fabless semiconductor company|Fabless semiconductors]], [[Semiconductor industry|Semiconductors]], [[Integrated circuit design]]
| products = [[System on a Chip|SoCs]]
| homepage = {{URL|www.hisilicon.com}}
}}
{{Chinese
|s = 海思半导体有限公司
|t = 海思半導體有限公司
|p = Hǎisī Bàndǎotǐ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
|l = Haisi Semiconductor Limited Company
|order = st
}}

'''HiSilicon''' ({{zh|c=海思|p=Hǎisī}}) is a Chinese [[fabless semiconductor company]] based in [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]] and fully owned by [[Huawei]].

HiSilicon purchases licenses for CPU designs from [[ARM Holdings]], including the [[ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore]], [[ARM Cortex-M3]], [[ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore]], [[ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore]],<ref>[http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/hisilicon-licenses-arm-technology-for-use-in-networking-infrastructure-and-mobile-computing-applications.php HiSilicon Licenses ARM Technology for use in Innovative 3G/4G Base Station, Networking Infrastructure and Mobile Computing Applications], 02 August 2011 on ARM.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=HiSilicon Technologies Co., Ltd. 海思半导体有限公司|url=http://www.arm.com/community/partners/display_company/rw/company/hisilicon-technologies-co-ltd/|publisher=ARM Holdings|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref> [[ARM Cortex-A53]], [[ARM Cortex-A57]] and also for their [[Mali (GPU)|Mali]] graphics cores.<ref>[http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/arm-launches-cortex-a50-series-the-worlds-most-energy-efficient-64-bit-processors.php ARM Launches Cortex-A50 Series, the World’s Most Energy-Efficient 64-bit Processors] on ARM.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lai|first=Richard|title=Huawei's HiSilicon K3V3 chipset due 2H 2013, to be based on Cortex-A15|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/01/08/huawei-hisilicon-k3v3/|publisher=Engadget|accessdate=26 April 2013}}</ref> HiSilicon has also purchased licenses from [[Vivante Corporation]] for their GC4000 graphics core.

HiSilicon is reputed to be the largest domestic designer of [[integrated circuits]] in China.<ref>{{cite news |title = Hisilicon grown into the largest local IC design companies |url = http://www.windosi.com/news/201209/395909.html |accessdate = 26 April 2013 |newspaper = Windosi |date=September 2012  }}</ref>

== Smartphone Application Processors ==

HiSilicon develops [[System on a Chip|SoCs]] based on [[Arm Holdings#Arm core licensees|ARM]] architecture. Though not exclusive, these SoCs see preliminary use in handheld and tablet devices of its parent company [[Huawei]].

=== K3V2 ===
The first well known product of HiSilicon is the K3V2 used in [[Huawei Ascend|Huawei Ascend D Quad XL]] (U9510) smartphones<ref>[http://armdevices.net/2012/03/17/brightsideofnews-com-huawei-u9510-ascend-d-quad-xl-benchmarked/ brightsideofnews.com: Huawei U9510 Ascend D Quad XL Benchmarked] on ARMdevices.net</ref> and [[Comparison of tablet computers#Android and iOS|Huawei MediaPad 10 FHD7]] tablets.<ref>[http://liliputing.com/2012/02/huawei-introduces-quad-core-10-inch-tablet-with-1080p-display.html Huawei introduces quad-core 10 inch tablet with 1080p display] on Liliputing.com</ref> This chipset is based on the [[ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore]] fabbed at 40 nm and uses a 16 core [[Vivante Corporation|Vivante]] GC4000 GPU.<ref>[http://www.anandtech.com/show/6572/hands-on-with-the-huawei-ascend-w1-ascend-d2-and-ascend-mate Hands On with the Huawei Ascend W1, Ascend D2, and Ascend Mate] on [[Anandtech]]</ref>
The SoC support LPDDR2-1066, but actual products are found with LPDDR-900 instead for lower power consumption.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| K3V2 (Hi3620)
| 40 nm
| ARMv7
| [[ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore|Cortex-A9]] L1: 32 KB instruction + 32 KB data, L2: 1 MB || 4 || 1.4
| [[Vivante Corporation|Vivante]] GC4000 || 240 MHz
(15.3GFlops)
| [[LPDDR2]] || 64-bit dual-channel || 7.2 (up to 8.5)
| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q1 2012
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei MediaPad 10 FHD]], [[Huawei Ascend D2|Huawei Ascend D2 (U9510)]], [[Huawei Honor 2|Huawei Honor 2 (U9508)]], [[Huawei Ascend P6]], [[Huawei Ascend P6S]], [[Huawei Ascend P2]], [[Huawei Ascend Mate]], [[Lenovo A376]], [[STREAM X (GSL07S)]])
}}
|}

=== K3V2E ===
This is a revised version of K3V2 SoC with improved support of Intel baseband.
The SoC support LPDDR2-1066, but actual products are found with LPDDR-900 instead for lower power consumption.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| K3V2E
| 40 nm
| ARMv7
| [[ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore|Cortex-A9]] L1: 32 KB instruction + 32 KB data, L2: 1 MB || 4 || 1.5
| [[Vivante Corporation|Vivante]] GC4000 || 240 MHz
(15.3GFlops)
| [[LPDDR2]] || 64-bit dual-channel || 7.2 (up to 8.5)
| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| 2013
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Honor 3]]
}}
|}

=== Kirin 620 ===
• supports - USB 2.0 / 13 MP / 1080p video encode

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 620
| 28 nm
| ARMv8-A
| [[ARM Cortex-A53|Cortex-A53]]
| 8
| 1.2
| Mali-450 MP4
| 533 MHz (32GFlops)
| [[LPDDR3]] ( MHz) || 32-bit single-channel || 6.4
| {{N/A}}
| Dual SIM LTE Cat.4 (150Mbit/s)|| 802.11 b/g/n (Wifi Direct & Hotspot) Not Supporting DLNA / Miracast || Bluetooth v4.0, A2DP, EDR, LE
| Q1 2015
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei P8 Lite]], [[Honor 4X]], [[Honor 4C]], [[Huawei G Play Mini]], [[Honor Holly 3]], Y6ll.
}}
|}

=== Kirin 650, 655, 658, 659 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 650
| rowspan="4" | 16 nm FinFET+
| rowspan="4" | ARMv8-A
| rowspan="4" | [[ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore|Cortex-A53]] [[ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore|Cortex-A53]]
| rowspan="4" | 4+4
| 2.0 (4xA53) 1.7 (4xA53)
| rowspan="4" | Mali-T830 MP2
| rowspan="4" | 900 MHz
(40.8GFlops)
| rowspan="4" | [[LPDDR3]] (933 MHz) || rowspan="4" | 64-bit dual-channel (2x32bit)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.notebookcheck.net/HiSilicon-Kirin-650-SoC-Benchmarks-and-Specs.167874.0.html|title=HiSilicon Kirin 650 SoC - Benchmarks and Specs|website=www.notebookcheck.net|language=en|access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref> ||
| rowspan="4" | A-GPS, GLONASS
| rowspan="4" | Dual SIM LTE Cat.6 (300Mbit/s)|| rowspan="2" | 802.11 b/g/n || rowspan="3" | Bluetooth v4.1
| Q2 2016
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei P9 Lite]], [[Honor 5C]]
}}
|-
| Kirin 655
| 2.12 (4xA53) 1.7 (4xA53)||
| Q4 2016
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Mate9 Lite]],
| [[Huawei Honor 6X]],
| P8 Lite (2017),
| Honor 8 Lite
}}
|-
| Kirin 658
| 2.35 (4xA53) 1.7 (4xA53) ||
| 802.11 b/g/n/ac
| Q2 2017
| {{Collapsible list
| P10 Lite
}}
|-
| Kirin 659
| 2.36 (4xA53) 1.7 (4xA53)||
| 802.11 b/g/n || Bluetooth v4.2
| Q3 2017
| {{Collapsible list
| Nova 2
| Nova 2 Plus
| Nova 2i
| Nova 3e
| Maimang 6
| Honor 7X (2017) - India
| P20 Lite
| Honor 9 Lite
|Huawei P Smart}}
|}

=== Kirin 710 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 710
| rowspan="1" | 12 nm FinFET
| rowspan="1" | ARMv8-A
| rowspan="1" | [[ARM Cortex-A73 MPCore|Cortex-A73]] [[ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore|Cortex-A53]]
| rowspan="1" | 4+4
| 2.2 (4xA73) 1.7 (4xA53)
| rowspan="1" | Mali-G51 MP4
| rowspan="1" | 1000 MHz
| rowspan="1" | ??? || rowspan="4" | ||
| rowspan="1" | A-GPS, GLONASS
| rowspan="1" | Dual SIM LTE Cat.12 (600Mbit/s)|| rowspan="2" | 802.11 b/g/n || rowspan="3" | Bluetooth v4.2
| Q3 2018
| {{Collapsible list
| Huawei Nova 3i, Honor 10 Lite, Huawei P Smart+, Huawei P Smart 2019, Huawei Mate 20 Lite, Honor 8X, Huawei Y9 (2019)

}}
|}

=== Kirin 910 and 910T ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 910
| rowspan="2" | 28 nm HPM
| rowspan="2" | ARMv7
| rowspan="2" | [[ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore|Cortex-A9]] || rowspan="2" | 4 || 1.6
| rowspan="2" | [[Mali (GPU)|Mali-450 MP4]] || 533 MHz
(32GFlops)
| rowspan="2" | [[LPDDR3]] || rowspan="2" | 32-bit single-channel || rowspan="2" | 6.4
| {{N/A}}
| rowspan="2" | [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] Cat.4|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| H1 2014
| {{Collapsible list
| HP Slate 7 VoiceTab Ultra, Huawei MediaPad X1,<ref name="Huawei MediaPad X1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitmobile.pk/phones/huawei/mediapad-m1/ |title=Huawei MediaPad X1 |publisher=DeviceSpecifications |accessdate=14 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723011936/http://www.hitmobile.pk/phones/huawei/mediapad-m1/ |archivedate=23 July 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Huawei P6 S,<ref name="Huawei P6 S">{{cite web | url = http://www.vmall.com/product/883.html#1382/ |title=Huawei P6 S |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref> Huawei MediaPad M1,<ref name="Huawei MediaPad M1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitmobile.pk/phones/huawei/mediapad-x1/ |title=Huawei MediaPad M1 |publisher=DeviceSpecifications |accessdate=14 March 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429204120/http://www.hitmobile.pk/phones/huawei/mediapad-x1/ |archivedate=29 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Huawei Honor 3C 4G
}}
|-
| Kirin 910T
| 1.8
| 700 MHz
(41.8GFlops)
| {{N/A}}|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| H1 2014
| {{Collapsible list
| Huawei Ascend P7
}}
|}

=== Kirin 920, 925 and 928 ===
• The Kirin 920 SoC also contains an [[image processor]] that supports up to 32 megapixel

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 920
| rowspan="3" | 28 nm HPM
| rowspan="3" | ARMv7
| rowspan="3" | [[ARM Cortex-A15|Cortex-A15]] [[ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore|Cortex-A7]] [[ARM big.LITTLE|big.LITTLE]] || rowspan="3" | 4+4 || 1.7 (A15) 1.3 (A7)
| rowspan="3" | [[Mali (GPU)|Mali-T628 MP4]] || rowspan="2" | 600 MHz
(76.8GFlops)
| rowspan="3" | [[LPDDR3]] (1600 MHz)|| rowspan="3" | 64-bit dual-channel || rowspan="3" | 12.8
| {{N/A}}
| rowspan="3" | [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] Cat.6 (300Mbit/s)|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| H2 2014
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Honor 6]]<ref name="Huawei Honor 6">{{cite web |url = http://www.devicespecifications.com/en/model/6dee2d53 |title = Huawei Honor 6 |publisher = DeviceSpecifications |accessdate = 25 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
|-
| Kirin 925
| 1.8 (A15) 1.3 (A7)
| {{N/A}}|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q3 2014
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Ascend Mate7]]
| Huawei Honor 6 Plus
}}
|-
|Kirin 928
|2.0 (A15) 1.3 (A7)
| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| {{N/A}}
| {{N/A}}
|
| {{Collapsible list
| Huawei Honor6 extreme Edition
}}
|}

=== Kirin 930 and 935 ===
• supports - SD 3.0 (UHS-I) / eMMC 4.51 / Dual-band a/b/g/n Wi-Fi / Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy / USB 2.0 / 32 MP ISP / 1080p video encode

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 930
| rowspan="2" | 28 nm HPC
| rowspan="2" | ARMv8-A
| rowspan="2" | [[ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore|Cortex-A53]] [[ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore|Cortex-A53]]
| rowspan="2" | 4+4
| 2.0 (A53) 1.5 (A53)
| rowspan="2" | Mali-T628 MP4
| 600 MHz
(76.8GFlops)
| rowspan="2" | [[LPDDR3]] (1600 MHz) || rowspan="2" | 64-bit(2x32-bit) Dual-channel || rowspan="2" | 12.8 GB/s
| {{N/A}}
| rowspan="2" | Dual SIM LTE Cat.6 (DL:300Mbit/s UP:50Mbit/s)|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q1 2015
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei MediaPad X2]],
| [[Huawei P8]],
| [[Huawei MediaPad M2]],
}}
|-
| Kirin 935
| 2.2 (A53) 1.5 (A53)
| 680 MHz
(87GFlops)
| {{N/A}}|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q1 2015
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei P8 MAX]],
| [[Honor 7]],
| [[Huawei Mate S]]
}}
|}

=== Kirin 950 and 955 ===
• supports - SD 4.1 (UHS-II) / UFS 2.0 / eMMC 5.1 / MU-MIMO 802.11ac Wi-Fi / Bluetooth 4.2 Smart / USB 3.0 / NFS / Dual ISP (42 MP) / Native 10-bit 4K video encode / i5 coprocessor / Tensilica HiFi 4 DSP
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 950
| rowspan="2" | TSMC 16 nm FinFET+<ref name="gizmochina.com">[http://www.gizmochina.com/2015/03/12/huawei-ascend-mate-8honor-7s-kirin-940950-processor-performance-specs/ Huawei Ascend Mate 8/Honor 7’s Kirin 940/950 Processor Performance & Specs]</ref>
| rowspan="2" | ARMv8-A
| rowspan="2" | [[ARM Cortex-A72|Cortex-A72]] [[ARM Cortex-A53 MPCore|Cortex-A53]] [[ARM big.LITTLE|big.LITTLE]]
| rowspan="2" | 4+4
| 2.3 (A72) 1.8 (A53)
| rowspan="2" | Mali-T880 MP4
| rowspan="2" | 900 MHz
(122.4GFlops)
| [[LPDDR4]] || rowspan="2" | 64-bit(2x32-bit) Dual-channel || rowspan="2" | 25.6
| {{N/A}}
| rowspan="2" | Dual SIM LTE Cat.6|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q4 2015
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Mate 8]], Huawei Honor V8 32GB, Huawei Honor 8, Huawei Honor Magic, Huawei MediaPad M3 (BTV-W09)<ref name="Huawei">{{cite web|title=HUAWEI MediaPad M3 8.0|url=http://consumer.huawei.com/en/tablets/mediapad-m3-8/index.htm|website=Huawei-Consumer|publisher=Huawei|accessdate=18 January 2017|language=English}}</ref>
}}
|-
| Kirin 955<ref name="Anandtech.com">[http://anandtech.com/show/10231/huawei-launches-the-p9-and-p9-plus Kirin 955, Huawei P9, P9 Plus]</ref>
| 2.5 (A72) 1.8 (A53)
| [[LPDDR3]] (3 GB) [[LPDDR4]] (4 GB)
| {{N/A}}|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q2 2016
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei P9]], Huawei P9 Plus, Honor Note 8, Honor V8 64GB
}}
|}

=== Kirin 960 ===

* Interconnect: ARM CCI-550, Storage: UFS 2.1, eMMC 5.1, Sensor Hub: i6

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 960<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10766/huawei-announces-hisilicon-kirin-960-a73-g71 |title=Huawei announces the HiSilicon Kirin 960: 4xA73 + 4xA53, G71MP8, CDMA |publisher=[[AnandTech]] |date=2016-10-19}}</ref>
| TSMC 16 nm FFC
| [[ARM architecture#ARMv8-A|ARMv8-A]]
| [[ARM Cortex-A73|Cortex-A73]] [[ARM Cortex-A53|Cortex-A53]] [[ARM big.LITTLE|big.LITTLE]]
| 4+4
| 2.36 (A73) 1.84 (A53)
| Mali-G71 MP8
| 1037 MHz
(282GFlops)
| [[LPDDR4]]-1800 || 64-bit(2x32-bit) Dual-channel || 28.8
| {{N/A}}
| Dual SIM LTE Cat.12 LTE 4x CA, 4x4 MIMO|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q4 2016
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Mate 9]], Huawei Mate 9 Porsche Design, Huawei Mate 9 Pro, [[Huawei P10]], Huawei P10 Plus, Huawei Nova 2s, [[Honor 8 Pro]] (Honor V9), [[Honor 9]], Huawei MediaPad M5
}}
|}

=== Kirin 970 ===

* Interconnect: ARM CCI-550, Storage: UFS 2.1, Sensor Hub: i7
*Cadence Tensilica Vision P6 DSP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12195/hisilicon-kirin-970-power-performance-overview|title=HiSilicon Kirin 970 - Android SoC Power & Performance Overview|last=Frumusanu|first=Andrei|website=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>
*NPU made in collaboration with Cambricon Technologies. 1.92T FP16 OPS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12815/cambricon-makers-of-huaweis-kirin-npu-ip-build-a-big-ai-chip-and-pcie-card|title=Cambricon, Makers of Huawei's Kirin NPU IP, Build A Big AI Chip and PCIe Card|last=Cutress|first=Ian|website=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2019-01-28}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 970
| TSMC 10 nm FinFET+
| [[ARM architecture#ARMv8-A|ARMv8-A]]
| [[ARM Cortex-A73|Cortex-A73]] [[ARM Cortex-A53|Cortex-A53]] [[ARM big.LITTLE|big.LITTLE]]
| 4+4
| 2.36 (A73) 1.84 (A53)
| Mali-G72 MP12
| 746 MHz
(330 GFlops)
| [[LPDDR4X]]-1866 || 64-bit(4x16-bit) Quad-channel || 29.8
| Galileo
| Dual SIM LTE Cat.18 LTE 5x CA, No 4x4 MIMO|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q4 2017
| {{Collapsible list
| [[Huawei Nova 3]]
| [[Huawei P20]]
| [[Huawei P20 Pro]]
| [[Huawei Mate 10]]
| [[Huawei Mate 10 Pro]]
| [[Huawei Mate 10 Porsche Design]]
| [[Huawei Mate RS Porsche Design]]
| Honor V10/ Honor View 10
| Honor 10
Honor Note 10

| Honor Play
}}
|}

=== Kirin 980 ===
It is HiSilicon's first SoC based on 7 nm FinFet technology.

* Interconnect: ARM Mali G76-MP 16, Storage: UFS 2.1, Sensor Hub: i8
*Dual NPU made in collaboration with Cambricon Technologies.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Model Number
! rowspan="2" | [[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
! colspan="4" | [[Central processing unit|CPU]]
! colspan="2" | [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]
! colspan="3" | Memory Technology
! rowspan="2" | [[Satellite navigation|Nav]]
! colspan="3" | Wireless
! rowspan="2" | Sampling Availability
! rowspan="2" | Utilizing Devices
|-
! [[Instruction set|ISA]]
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Cores
! Frq ([[GHz]])
! [[Microarchitecture]]
! Frq ([[MHz]])
! Type
! Bus width ([[bit]])
! [[List of device bit rates#Dynamic random access memory|Bandwidth]] ([[Gigabyte|GB]]/s)
! [[Template:Cellular network standards|Cellular]]
! [[Wireless LAN|WLAN]]
! [[Personal area network|PAN]]
|-
| Kirin 980
| TSMC 7 nm FinFET
| [[ARM architecture#ARMv8-A|ARMv8-A]]
| [[ARM Cortex-A76|Cortex-A76]] [[ARM Cortex-A55|Cortex-A55]] [[ARM DynamIQ|DynamIQ]]
| (2+2)+4
| 2.6 (A76 H) 1.92 (A76 L) 1.8 (A55)
| Mali-G76 MP10
| 720 MHz
(489.6 GFlops)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.notebookcheck.net/ARM-Mali-G76-MP10-Graphics-Card.338068.0.html|title=ARM Mali-G76 MP10|last=Hinum|first=Klaus (12 October 2018)|date=|website=Notebookcheck|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref>
| [[LPDDR4X]]-2133 || 64-bit(4x16-bit) Quad-channel || 34.1
| Galileo
| Dual SIM LTE Cat.21 LTE 5x CA, No 4x4 MIMO|| {{N/A}} || {{N/A}}
| Q4 2018
| Huawei Mate 20, Huawei Mate 20 Pro, Huawei Mate 20 RS Porsche Edition, Huawei Mate 20 X, Honor Magic 2, Honor View 20/V20, Honor 20, Huawei P30, Huawei P30 Pro
|}

== Smartphone modems ==
HiSilicon develops smartphone modems which although not exclusively, these SoCs see preliminary use in handheld and tablet devices of its parent company [[Huawei]].

=== Balong 700 ===
The Balong 700 supports LTE TDD/FDD.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Products/ProductList/Balong|title=Balong|website=www.hisilicon.com|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref> Its specs:

* 3GPP R8 protocol
* LTE TDD and FDD
* 4x2/2x2 SU-MIMO

=== Balong 710 ===
At MWC 2012 HiSilicon released the Balong 710.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Media-Center/News/20120227_HiSilicon|title=HiSilicon Releases Leading LTE Multi-mode Chipset {{!}} HiSilicon|website=www.hisilicon.com|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref> It is a multi-mode chipset supporting 3GPP Release 9 and LTE Category 4 at GTI (Global TD-LTE Initiative). The Balong 710 was designed to be used with the K3V2 SoC. Its specs:

* LTE FDD mode : 150Mbit/s downlink and 50Mbit/s uplink.
* TD-LTE mode: up to 112Mbit/s downlink and up to 30Mbit/s uplink.
* WCDMA Dual Carrier with MIMO: 84Mbit/s downlink and 23Mbit/s uplink.

=== Balong 720 ===
The Balong 720 supports LTE Cat6 with 300Mbps peak download rate.<ref name=":2" /> Its specs:

* TSMC 28nm HPM process
* TD-LTE Cat.6 standard
* Dual-carrier aggregation for the 40 MHz bandwidth
* 5-mode LTE Cat6 Modem

=== Balong 750 ===
The Balong 750 supports LTE Cat 12/13, and it is first to support 4CC CA and 3.5GHz.<ref name=":2" /> Its specs:

* LTE Cat.12 and Cat.13 UL network standards
* 2CC (dual-carrier) data aggregation
* 4x4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
* TSMC 16nm FinFET+ process

=== Balong 765 ===
The Balong 765 supports 8×8 MIMO technology, LTE Cat.19 with downlink data-rate up to 1.6Gbps in FDD network and up to 1.16Gbps in the TD-LTE network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Media-Center/News/Balong%20765%20news|title=Huawei Launches the World’s First 8-Antenna 4.5G Modem Chipset|website=www.hisilicon.com|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref> Its specs:

* 3GPP Rel.14
* LTE Cat.19 Peak data rate up to 1.6Gbps
* 4CC CA + 4×4 MIMO/2CC CA + 8×8 MIMO
* DL 256QAM
* C-V2X

=== Balong 5G01 ===
The Balong 5G01 supports the 3GPP standard for 5G with downlink speeds of up to 2.3Gbps. It supports 5G across all frequency bands including sub-6GHz and millimeter wave (mmWave).<ref name=":2" /> Its specs:

* 3GPP Release 15
* Peak data rate up to 2.3Gbps
* Sub 6GHz and mmWave
* NSA/SA
* DL 256QAM

=== Balong 5000 ===
The Balong 5000 supports supports 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Media-Center/News/Balong5000|title=Huawei Launches Industry-Leading 5G Multi-Mode Chipset Balong 5000 to Lead the 5G Era|website=www.hisilicon.com|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref> Its specs:

* 2G/3G/4G/5G Multi Mode
* Fully compliant with 3GPP Release 15
* Sub-6GHz: 100MHz x 2CC CA
* Sub-6GHz：Downlink up to 4.6Gbps, Uplink up to 2.5Gbps
* mmWave：Downlink up to 6.5Gbps, Uplink up to 3.5Gbps
* NR+LTE：Downlink up to 7.5Gbps
* FDD & TDD Spectrum Access
* SA & NSA Fusion Network Architecture
* Supports 3GPP R14 V2X

== Server processors ==
HiSilicon develops server processor [[System on a Chip|SoCs]] based on [[Arm Holdings#Arm core licensees|ARM]] architecture.

=== Hi1610 ===
The Hi1610 is HiSilicon's first generation server processor announced in 2015. It features:

* 16x [[ARM Cortex-A57]] at up to 2.1 GHz<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13620/huawei-server-efforts-hi1620-and-arms-big-server-core-ares|title=Huawei Server Efforts: Hi1620 and Arm’s Big Server Core, Ares|last=Cutress|first=Ian|website=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>
* 48 KB L1-I, 32 KB L1-D, 1MB L2/4 cores and 16MB CCN L3
* TSMC 16nm
* 2x DDR4-1866
* 16 PCIe 3.0

=== Hi1612 ===
The Hi1612 is HiSilicon's second generation server processor launched in 2016. It features:

* 32x [[ARM Cortex-A57]] at up to 2.1 GHz<ref name=":0" />
* 48 KB L1-I, 32 KB L1-D, 1MB L2/4 cores and 32MB CCN L3
* TSMC 16nm
* 4x DDR4-2133
* 16 PCIe 3.0

=== Kunpeng 916 (formally Hi1616) ===
The Kunpeng 916 (formally known as Hi1616) is HiSilicon's third generation server processor launched in 2017. The Kunpeng 920 is utilized in Huawei's TaiShan 2280 Balanced Server, TaiShan 5280 Storage Server, TaiShan XR320 High-Density Server Node and TaiShan X6000 High-Density Server. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-2280|title=TaiShan 2280 Balanced Server ─ Huawei Enterprise|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-5280|title=TaiShan 5280 Storage Server|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-xr320|title=TaiShan XA320 High-Density Server Node|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-x6000|title=TaiShan X6000 ARM High-Density Server|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref> It features:

* 32x [[ARM Cortex-A72|Arm Cortex-A72]] at up to 2.4 GHz<ref name=":0" />
* 48 KB L1-I, 32 KB L1-D, 1MB L2/4 cores and 32MB CCN L3
* TSMC 16nm
* 4x DDR4-2400
* 2-way [[Symmetric multiprocessing|Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)]], Each socket has 2x ports with 96 Gbps/port (total of 192 Gbps per each socket interconnects)
* 46 PCIe 3.0 and 8x 10 [[GbE]]
* 85W

=== Kunpeng 920 (formally Hi1620) ===
The Kunpeng 920 (formally known as Hi1620) is HiSilicon's fourth generation server processor announced in 2018, launched in 2019. Huawei claim the Kunpeng 920 CPU scores more than an estimated 930 on SPECint®_rate_base2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Media-Center/News/Kunpeng|title=Huawei Unveils Industry's Highest-Performance ARM-based CPU Bringing Global Computing Power to Next Level|website=www.hisilicon.com|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref> The Kunpeng 920 is utilized in Huawei's TaiShan 2280 V2 Balanced Server, TaiShan 5280 V2 Storage Server and TaiShan XA320 V2 High-Density Server Node.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-2280-v2|title=TaiShan 2280 V2 Balanced Server ─ Huawei Enterprise|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-5280-v2|title=TaiShan 5280 V2 Storage Server ─ Huawei Enterprise|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/servers/arm-based/taishan-xa320-v2|title=TaiShan XA320 V2 High-Density Server Node|website=Huawei Enterprise|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref> It features:

* 32 to 64x custom TaiShan v110 cores at up to 2.6 GHz.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2274/huawei-expands-kunpeng-server-cpus-plans-smt-sve-for-next-gen/|title=Huawei Expands Kunpeng Server CPUs, Plans SMT, SVE For Next Gen|last=Schor|first=David|date=2019-05-03|website=WikiChip Fuse|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>
* The TaiShan v110 core is a 4-way out-of-order superscalar that implements the ARMv8.2-A ISA. Huawei reports the core supports almost all the ARMv8.4-A ISA features with a few exceptions, including dot product and the FP16 FML extension.<ref name=":1" />
* The TaiShan v110 cores are likely based of the [[ARM Neoverse N1]] core (codenamed Ares).<ref name=":0" />
* 64 KB L1-I, 64 KB L1-D, 512 KB Private L2 and 1MB L3/core Shared.
* TSMC 7nm
* 8x DDR4-3200
* 2-way and 4-way [[Symmetric multiprocessing|Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)]]. Each socket has 3x Hydra ports with 240 Gbps/port (total of 720 Gbps per each socket interconnects)
* 40 PCIe 4.0 with CCIX support, , 4 USB 3.0, 2x SATA 3.0, x8 SAS 3.0 and 2 x 100 [[GbE]]
* 100 to 200 W
* Compression engine (GZIP, LZS, LZ4) capable of up to 40 Gib/s compress and 100 Gbit/s decompress
* Crypto offload engine (for AES, DES, 3DES, SHA1/2, etc..) capable of throughputs up to 100 Gbit/s

=== Kunpeng 930 (formally Hi1630) ===
The Kunpeng 930 (formally known as Hi1630) is HiSilicon's fifth-generation server processor announced in 2019 and scheduled for launch in 2021. It features:

* TBD custom cores with higher frequencies, support for [[Simultaneous multithreading|simultaneous multithreading (SMT)]] and Arm’s Scalable Vector Extension (SVE).<ref name=":1" />
* 64 KB L1-I, 64 KB L1-D, 512 KB Private L2 and 1MB L3/core Shared
* TSMC 7nm?
* 8x DDR5

=== Kunpeng 950 ===
The Kunpeng 930 is HiSilicon's sixth-generation server processor announced in 2019 and scheduled for launch in 2023

== AI Acceleration ==
HiSilicon also develops AI Acceleration chips.

=== Ascend 310 ===
It is an AI chip manufactured by Chinese communication electronics manufacturer Huawei. The Ascend 310 is capable of 16 TOPS@INT8 and 8 TOPS@FP16 with power consumption of only 8 W. It is fabbed on [[TSMC]]'s 12nm FFC Process.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hisilicon.com/en/Products/ProductList/Ascend|title=Ascend {{!}} HiSilicon|website=www.hisilicon.com|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>


Ascend 310 chipsets are based on an architecture called "Da Vinci" and Computing Engine called "3D Cube".

It includes a new AI framework called "MindSpore", a platform-as-a-service product called ModelArts, and a lower-level library called Compute Architecture for Neural Networks (CANN).

=== Ascend 910 ===
The Ascend 910 is a 7 nm chip which delivers 256 TFLOPS@FP16 and 512 TOPS@INT8 with power consumption of 350W. The Ascend Cluster has 1024 Ascend 910 chips to reach 256 petaFLOPS@FP16. The Ascend 910 and Ascend Cluster will be available in Q2 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/syncedreview/huawei-leaps-into-ai-announces-powerful-chips-and-ml-framework-f9aa6ec87bcb|title=Huawei Leaps into AI; Announces Powerful Chips and ML Framework|last=Synced|date=2018-10-10|website=Medium|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>

== Similar platforms ==
The Kirin processors compete with products from several other companies, including:

* [[R-Car]] by [[Renesas]]
* [[Tegra]] by [[Nvidia]]
* [[OMAP]] by [[Texas Instruments]]
* [[Exynos]] by [[Samsung]]
* [[Snapdragon (system on chip)|Snapdragon]] by [[Qualcomm]]
* [[Apple Ax|Ax]] by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]
* [[Atom (system on chip)|Atom]] by [[Intel]]
* [[I.MX#i.MX6x series|i.MX]] by [[Freescale Semiconductor]]
* [[Rockchip#Rockchip RK30xx series|RK3xxx]] by [[Rockchip]]
* [[Allwinner|Allwinner Axy]] by [[Allwinner Technology|Allwinner]]
* [[MediaTek#Smartphone processors|MTxxxx]] by [[MediaTek]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* {{Official website|www.hisilicon.com}}

{{Huawei}}
{{Electronics industry in China}}
{{Application ARM-based chips}}

[[Category:Fabless semiconductor companies]]
[[Category:ARM architecture]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of China]]
[[Category:Companies based in Shenzhen]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Huawei]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2004]]

Lucy Peng

2019-01-24T13:57:50Z

Allenkong11:

{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=January 2018}}
{{advert|date=January 2018}}
}}

{{Chinese name|[[Peng (surname)|Peng]]}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peng Lei
| image =
| native_name = {{zh |t=彭蕾}}
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date |44|2017|06|23}}<ref name="Forbes"/>
| birth_place = [[Wanzhou]], [[Chongqing]], China
| residence =
| nationality = Chinese
| other_names = Lucy Peng
| alma_mater = [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]
| occupation = Co-founder & CEO, Ant Financial Chief people officer, [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]]
| salary =
| spouse = Sun Tongyu
| children =
| ancestry =
| networth = US$1.1 billion (November 2018)<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Lucy Peng|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|website=Forbes|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Peng Lei''' (also '''Lucy Peng'''; {{zh|t=彭蕾}}<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Peng Lei, the frontrunner for Alibaba's next CEO|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|newspaper=Want China Times|date=17 January 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225438/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|archivedate=29 May 2014|df=}}</ref> born 1972/73) is a Chinese business executive and one of the founders of the Chinese e-commerce [[business group]] [[Alibaba Group]]. Peng is one of 21 self-made women billionaires in China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiasavchuk/2017/03/20/billionaire-newcomers-2017-yvon-chouinard-manny-stul-patrick-john-collison/#39fbe5254f1d|title=Meet The 195 Billionaire Newcomers Of 2017|last=Savchuk|first=Katia|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-10-06|language=en}}</ref>''' '''

==Career==
Peng earned a degree in business administration in 1994 from Hangzhou Institute of Commerce, which was later renamed as [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]. Following her graduation, she taught at the Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics for five years.<ref name=":0" /> Peng quit teaching shortly after marrying, and with her husband (who would later run [[Taobao]], Alibaba's eBay reminiscent marketplace) joined [[Jack Ma]] in founding Alibaba in September 1999.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> They were one of the many husband and wife teams making up the 1/3rd ratio of women amongst Alibaba's founding partners that the company would later become positively praised for.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qz.com/207398/the-gender-diversity-among-alibabas-founders-puts-silicon-valley-to-shame/#/|title=Alibaba’s gender diversity puts Silicon Valley to shame|last=Timmons|first=Heather|date=8 May 2014|website=Quartz|publisher=Quartz|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Her early responsibilities with the company involved managing the [[Human Resources|HR department]] of Alibaba, which she herself created. During this period, one of her notable accomplishments is developing the "mom and pop" model at Alibaba, in which one "mom" focused on teamwork and motivation, while one "pop" handled performance assessments.<ref name=":3" />

From January 2010 to February 2013, Peng was the CEO of [[Ant Financial Services Group|Alipay]]. Alipay became the most successful payment gateway within China under her management, expanding to over 800 million users as of 2014. As of the end of 2014, it was valued at around $60 billion.

In March 2013, Peng took over as CEO of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services.<ref name=":2" /> There, she made significant progress in searching for innovations in the mobile payments system.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile.html|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|date=October 16, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg}}</ref>

In 2013, Peng's name was frequently floated by the Chinese press as a candidate for Alibaba's next [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]. However, another executive eventually got the job.<ref name=":3" />

In 2014, Peng founded [[Ant Financial Services Group|Ant Financial Services]] in order to support small businesses. In September 2015, Alibaba and Ant Financial together took a combined 40% stake in Indian mobile wallet operator [[Paytm]], placing Peng as a member of its board of directors<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45jklj/lucy-peng-43-china/#2440af87a005|title=Asia Power Women 2016|last=Scott|first=Mary E.|date=6 April 2016|website=Forbes Asia|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Ant Financial broke the record for the world's largest private fundraising found for an internet company at $4.5 billion, placing the company at an approximately $60 billion valuation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-affiliate-ant-financial-raises-4-5-billion-in-largest-private-tech-funding-round-globally-1461642246|title=Alibaba Affiliate Ant Financial Raises $4.5 Billion in Largest Private Tech Funding Round|last=Wu|first=Kane|date=25 April 2016|website=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

She also served as chief people officer, the chief human resources officer for Alibaba Group for over 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|last=|first=|date=16 October 2016|website=Bloomberg Technology|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In this position, she oversaw the approximately 35,000 employees under Alibaba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/most-powerful-women-asia-pacific/lucy-peng-11/|title=MPW Asia 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Peng became a billionaire in 2014 based on Alibaba's valuation prior to its record-setting [[Initial public offering|IPO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/people/others/1504/2389-1.htm|title=Top 5 Richest Women in World's Tech Sector|last=Wu|first=Amanda|date=22 April 2015|website=Women of China|publisher=Women of China|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Three years after she began teaching, Peng married Sun Tongyu. She later divorced him for a short period, but then remarried him.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/alibaba-co-founder-peng-lei-set-to-join-paytm-board-115011900031_1.html|title=Alibaba co-founder Peng Lei set to join Paytm board|last=Mitra|first=Sounak|date=19 January 2015|website=Business Standard|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

Porter Erisman, in his 2012 documentary Crocodile in the Yangtze about Alibaba's early years, described Peng as "a funny and down-to-earth" leader.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/17/wu-peng-alibabas-dynamic-duo/|title=Alibaba's Maggie Wu and Lucy Peng: The dynamic duo behind the IPO|last=Cendrowski|first=Scott|date=17 September 2014|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

==Accomplishments==
As of 2016, Peng was listed as the 35th most powerful woman in the world by ''Forbes'', #35 on their list of Power Women for 2016, and #17 on their list of Asia Power Women for 2016.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|last=|first=|date=|website=Forbes|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, she was ranked as the third richest woman in the tech sector by [[Wealth-X]], and the #11 Most Powerful Woman in Asia by Fortune.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wealthx.com/articles/2015/wealth-x-reveals-the-wealthiest-women-in-tech/|title=Wealth-X Reveals: The Wealthiest Women In Tech|last=|first=|date=15 April 2015|website=Wealth-X|publisher=Wealth-X|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.daonong.com/g/2009en/specialreport/20090914/10769.html An Interview with Peng Lei：The DNA Code of Alibaba], Green Herald.
* [http://tech.sina.com.cn/z/featurepl/ 彭蕾解读小微金服：无线及国际化成未来重点] (Peng Lei interpretation of small and micro payments), Sina Corp (Chinese)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1wIAs0uJ_Y Video of Lucy Peng speaking at the China 2.0 conference at the Stanford Graduate School of Business], September 28, 2012 (Chinese)

{{Alibaba Group}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peng, Lucy}}
[[Category:1970s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hangzhou]]
[[Category:Chinese billionaires]]
[[Category:Chinese women chief executives]]
[[Category:Female billionaires]]
[[Category:Alibaba Group people]]
[[Category:Chinese computer businesspeople]]
[[Category:Chinese company founders]]
[[Category:Chinese women company founders]]
[[Category:21st-century Chinese businesswomen]]

Anbang

2018-09-24T02:31:43Z

Allenkong11:

{{for|the room in traditional Korean architecture|Anbang (room)}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Anbang Insurance Group
|native_name = 安邦保险集团
|logo =
|type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
|traded_as　　　　=
|founder =
|area_served = China
|key_people = [[Wu Xiaohui]], Chairman & GM
|industry = [[Financial services]]
|genre =
|products = Diversified [[Insurance]]
|services =
| revenue =
|net_income =
| assets =
|owner =
|num_employees =
|parent =
|divisions =
|subsid =
|slogan =
|homepage = {{url|www.anbanggroup.com}}
|foundation = {{start date and age|2004}}
|location_city = [[Beijing]]
|location_country= [[China]]
|location =
|origins =
}}

'''Anbang Insurance Group''' ({{zh|s=安邦保险集团|p=Ānbāng Bǎoxiǎn Jítuán}}) is a Chinese [[holding company]] whose subsidiaries mainly deal with [[insurance]], [[banking]], and [[financial services]] based in [[Beijing]]. As of February 2017, the company had assets worth more than {{yuan|1.9 trillion}} (US$301 billion).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ab.anbanggroup.com/jtjs/index.htm|title=About Anbang Insurance Group Co., Ltd. }}</ref> The ''[[Financial Times]]'' has described Anbang as "one of China’s most politically connected companies."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/fd6b524a-e92e-11e5-888e-2eadd5fbc4a4,Authorised=false.html|title=China’s Anbang agrees $6.5bn hotel deal with Blackstone|last=Massoudi|first=Arash|date=2016-03-13|newspaper=Financial Times|access-date=2016-03-16|last2=Fontanella-Khan|first2=James|issn=0307-1766}}</ref>

Anbang was founded by [[Wu Xiaohui]] in 2004 as a regional car insurance company. [[Chen Xiaolu]], a prominent [[princeling]] and son of Marshal [[Chen Yi (marshal)|Chen Yi]], served as an early director, although Chen stated that he was merely an advisor and not a shareholder.<ref name="gan">{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2135337/chinese-princeling-and-anbang-adviser-chen-xiaolu-dies|title=Chinese princeling and Anbang ‘adviser’ Chen Xiaolu dies at 71|last=Gan|first=Nectar|date=2018-03-01|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-03-07}}</ref> Its founding shareholders included state-owned car maker [[SAIC Motor|Shanghai Automotive Industries Corp]]., which held a 20% stake. In 2005 state-owned oil company [[Sinopec]] bought a 20% share.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chinese-insurer-has-global-ambitions-6890559.php|title=Chinese insurer has global ambitions|website=SFGate|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>

Anbang has more than 30,000 employees in China and is engaged in offering various kinds of insurance and financial products.<ref name=wsj>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2016/03/14/what-is-anbang-insurance-the-short-answer/|title=WSJ: What is Anbang Insurance?|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Wall Street Journal|access-date=October 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://next.ft.com/content/05427628-48a3-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab|title=Financial Times: New wealth management products power Anbang and rivals|last=Weinland|first=Don|date=July 17, 2016|work=|access-date=July 18, 2016|via=}}</ref>

Anbang's chairman, [[Wu Xiaohui]], was detained in Beijing by government authorities on June 8, 2017 as an investigation of Anbang's activities.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tsang|first1=Aime|title=Morning Agenda: Anbang Chairman Detained|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/14/business/dealbook/anbang-wu-xiaohui-china.html}}</ref> In February 2018, China's insurance regulator took control of Anbang, and Wu was prosecuted. On May 10, 2018, [[Wu Xiaohui]] was sentenced to 18 years of imprisonment after he was found guilty of [[fraud]] and [[embezzlement]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2018/05/10/china-anbang-wu-xiaohui-sentenced/|title=China Sentences Anbang's Wu Xiaohui to 18 Years in Prison|work=Fortune|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en}}</ref>

==Overseas acquisitions==
The company holds a geographically diversified portfolio of assets in financial services real estate and lodging.

*In 2014, Anbang Insurance acquired Belgium insurer, [[Fidea Verzekeringen]].
*In 2014, Anbang Insurance purchased the [[Waldorf Astoria New York]] hotel from [[The Blackstone Group|Blackstone]] for nearly US$2 billion.
*In 2015 Anbang purchased Dutch insurer [[:nl:VIVAT|Vivat]] from the Dutch state. They paid €150m outright, and agreed to infuse between €770m and €1bn in fresh capital, and to take on €550m of debt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://next.ft.com/content/501e0f2e-b5cc-11e4-b58d-00144feab7de|title=New York Waldorf hotel’s owner Anbang buys Dutch insurer Vivat - FT.com|website=Financial Times|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>
*In 2015 Anbang paid US$1 billion for a 57.5% stake in South Korea’s [[Tongyang Group|Tongyang Life]], an insurance company, in what was reported to be the first direct investment in a South Korean financial institution by a mainland China entity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/350c1bbc-b677-11e4-a5f2-00144feab7de,Authorised=false.html|title=China’s Anbang steps up buying spree with $1bn Tongyang deal|last=Mundy|first=Simon|date=2015-02-17|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>
*In November 2015, Anbang announced that it would buy Iowa-based insurer [[Fidelity & Guaranty Life]] for about $1.57 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/fidelityguaranty-ma-anbang-idUSL2N16N1U4|title=China's Anbang wins CFIUS approval to buy Fidelity & Guaranty Life|date=2016-03-15|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref> Note: this deal was terminated and FGL was purchased by CF Corp in 2017.
*In February 2016, the Financial Post in Canada reported that is to purchase a 66% stake in four office towers of [[Bentall Centre, Vancouver|Bentall Centre]] in Vancouver from [[Ivanhoé Cambridge|Ivanhoe Cambridge]], a subsidiary of [[Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/real-estate/property-post/chinese-investors-snag-vancouvers-biggest-real-estate-prize-all-four-towers-of-the-bentall-centre/wcm/ba1d4652-f962-44fa-b8f5-56ae06b4dfde|title=Chinese investors snag Vancouver’s biggest real estate prize: All four towers of the Bentall Centre|date=2016-02-17|work=Financial Post|access-date=2017-08-02|language=en-US}}</ref>; and subsequently remaining 33% stake in May 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-01/here-s-what-anbang-can-put-on-the-block-as-deal-spree-unwinds|title=Here's How Anbang Can Unwind Its $10 Billion Deal Spree|date=2017-08-01|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-08-02}}</ref>. Terms of the deal were undisclosed. But the price paid by Anbang is reported to value the property at over CAD$ 1 Billion.
*In March 2016, Blackstone agreed to a further US$6.5 billion sale of 16 landmark US hotels owned by the [[Strategic Hotels & Resorts]] [[Real estate investment trust|REIT]], including the historic [[Hotel del Coronado]] near [[San Diego]], the [[Westin St. Francis]] in [[San Francisco]], several [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts|Four Seasons]] resorts, and Manhattan's [[JW Marriott Essex House]] hotel.<ref name=wsj/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Yu|first1=Hui-Yong|title=Blackstone Said to Sell Hotels to Anbang for $6.5 Billion|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-12/blackstone-said-selling-strategic-hotels-to-anbang-for-6-5-bln|publisher=Bloomberg Business|date=13 March 2016}}</ref>
*In April 2016, Anbang purchased [[Allianz]]’s South Korea operations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-anbang-to-buy-allianzs-korean-operations-days-after-dropping-starwood-bid-1459928432|title=China’s Anbang to Buy Allianz’s Korean Operations After Dropping Starwood Bid|last=Wu|first=Kane|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/abfab516-fbfa-11e5-b3f6-11d5706b613b,Authorised=false.htmlp|title=Anbang to acquire Allianz’s South Korea operations|last=Ralph|first=Oliver|date=2016-04-06|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-04-08}}</ref>
{{Anchor|Retirement Concepts}}
*In 2016, Anbang purchased Retirement Concepts, a [[Canada|Canadian]] company with 24 retirement homes in [[British Columbia]], [[Calgary]] and [[Montreal]]. <ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/chinese-company-anbang-buys-stake-in-bc-based-retirement-home-chain/article33065536/</ref>

Anbang has also made large-scale bids that did not culminate in a transaction. On March 14, 2016, a consortium led by Anbang made a US$14 Billion offer for [[Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20160314/REAL_ESTATE/160319949/starwood-receives-nearly-14-billion-buyout-bid-from-chinese-group|title=Starwood receives nearly $14 billion buyout bid from Chinese group|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Other members of the consortium included [[J.C. Flowers & Co.|J.C. Flowers & Co]] and Primavera Capital Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/elyrazin/2016/03/14/anbang-insurance-the-chinese-company-you-never-heard-of-thats-trying-to-take-over-u-s-hotels/#6565dc082e33|title=Anbang Insurance: The Chinese Company You Never Heard Of That's Trying To Take Over U.S. Hotels|website=Forbes|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skift.com/2016/03/14/new-starwood-takeover-bid-the-players-behind-the-14-billion-offer/|title=New Starwood Takeover Bid: The Players Behind the $14 Billion Offer|last=Ting|first=Deanna|last2=14|first2=Skift-Mar|website=Skift|access-date=2016-03-16|last3=Pm|first3=2016 4:00}}</ref> The latter is headed by Fred Hu, the former Chairman of Greater China at [[Goldman Sachs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.primavera-capital.com/en/page/partners/|title=Primavera Capital Group|website=www.primavera-capital.com|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/starwood-receives-unsolicited-offer-complicating-tie-up-with-marriott-1457954245|title=Starwood Gets Offer From Group Led by Anbang, Threatening Marriott Deal|last=Carew|first=Rick|last2=Steinberg|first2=Julie|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|last3=Jamerson|first3=Joshua|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref> The bid was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/30e22a92-fb07-11e5-8f41-df5bda8beb40,Authorised=false.html|title=Inside the deal: How Anbang’s chairman Wu nearly landed Starwood|last=Sender|first=Henny|date=2016-04-05|last2=Massoudi|first2=Arash|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|last3=Weinland|first3=Don|access-date=2016-04-08}}</ref> In 2017, the company also ended talks to invest billions of dollars in a Manhattan office tower ([[666 5th Avenue]]) owned by the family of [[Jared Kushner]], [[President Trump]]’s son-in-law and a senior [[White House]] aide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/29/nyregion/talks-end-between-kushners-and-chinese-company.html|title=No Deal Between Kushners and Chinese Company Over Fifth Avenue Skyscraper|last=Forsythe|first=Michael|date=2017-03-29|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-06-16|last2=Bagli|first2=Charles V.|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official|http://en.anbanggroup.com/}}

{{Insurance industry in China}}
[[Category:Anbang| ]]
[[Category:Insurance companies of China]]
[[Category:Companies based in Beijing]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of China]]

Tin Ka Ping

2018-09-16T03:42:04Z

Allenkong11:

{{EngvarB|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Chinese name|[[Tian (surname)|Tin (Tian)]]}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tin Ka Ping {{Post-nominals|country=HKG|GBM|MBE}}
| native_name = {{lang|zh|田家炳}}
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1919|11|20}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2018-07/19/content_36604048.htm|title=Vice-premier pays tribute to philanthropist|last=He|first=Shusi|date=2018-07-19|work=China Daily|access-date=2018-07-23}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Dabu County|Dabu]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]
| baptised =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|07|10|1919|11|20}}
| death_place = [[Hong Kong]]
| nationality =
| occupation = Entrepreneur, philanthropist
| notable_works =
| party =
| religion =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| module = {{Chinese |child=yes |c=田家炳 |p=Tián Jiābǐng |w=T'ien Chia-ping |y =Tin4 Gaa1bing2}}
}}
'''Tin Ka Ping''' {{Post-nominals|country=HKG|GBM|MBE}} ({{zh|c=田家炳}}; 20 November 1919 – 10 July 2018), also known as '''K. P. Tin''' or '''Tian Jiabing''', was a [[Hong Kong]]–Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was the founder and chairman of Tin’s Chemical Industrial Company and the [[Tin Ka Ping Foundation]].

Tin donated billions of Hong Kong dollars and funded hundreds of schools, dozens of hospitals, and thousands of rural libraries throughout China. He was awarded numerous honours for his philanthropy, including the [[Order of the British Empire]] by Queen [[Elizabeth II]], the [[Grand Bauhinia Medal]] by the Hong Kong government, a Gold Plate on Contribution to Public Welfare by President [[Lee Teng-hui]] of Taiwan, honorary citizenships by more than 80 cities, and honorary doctorate degrees by over ten universities. Chinese astronomers named the asteroid [[2886 Tinkaping]] after him, and his childhood home in [[Dabu County]] is protected as a heritage site.

== Early life ==
Tin Ka Ping was born in 1919 in the [[Hakka people|Hakka]] community of [[Dabu County]], [[Meizhou]], [[Guangdong]] Province. His grandfather was a [[Qing dynasty]] official who served in [[Henan]] Province and fought against the [[Taiping Rebellion]]. He was the only son of his father, a businessman who ran a grocery store and a kiln.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/2154700/hong-kong-mourns-tin-ka-ping-great-educator-and|title=City mourns as ‘great educator’ Tin Ka-ping dies aged 99|last=Zhao|first=Shirley|date=2018-07-11|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref>

== Business career ==
When his father died in 1935, Tin was forced to quit school at the age of 15 to run the family business.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> He went to Vietnam in 1937 to export the porcelain clay which Dabu is famous for, and soon controlled 60% of Dabu's export business.<ref name=":2" /> However, the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] broke out, and in June 1939 the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] occupied [[Shantou]], the main port in eastern Guangdong, blocking the export route from Dabu.<ref name=":2" />

Tin moved to Indonesia in 1939 to join his cousin and helped run the latter's metal factory. After the [[Surrender of Japan]] in 1945, he founded a factory in Jakarta to process the abundant supply of local rubber, and later expanded the business with a second factory. In 1956, he started the first [[plastic film]] factory in Indonesia.<ref name=":2" />

Because of government policies that [[Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians#Old Order (1949–1965)|discriminated against Chinese Indonesians]], in 1959 he left Indonesia for Hong Kong.<ref name=":0" /> He built a factory in [[Tuen Mun District]] making plastics and [[artificial leather]], and his Tin’s Chemical Industrial Company became a leader in Hong Kong's chemical industry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2253252|title=“中国百校之父”香港商人田家炳今日上午辞世，享年99岁|last=Han|first=Shengjiang|date=2018-07-10|website=The Paper|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www4.hku.hk/honfellows/honorary-university-fellows/dr-ka-ping-tin|title=Dr TIN Ka Ping - 1997 Honorary University Fellow|last=|first=|date=|website=University of Hong Kong|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> He later opened a second factory and owned several industrial buildings.<ref name=":2" /> With China's [[reform and opening]] in the 1980s, Tin joined many other Hong Kong companies to open factories in the mainland. He opened his first mainland factory in [[Humen Town|Humen]], [[Dongguan]], and gradually grew the business.<ref name=":2" />

== Philanthropy ==
Tin was involved in philanthropy since the 1960s and 1970s, when he served as a director of Hong Kong's three largest charities at the time: [[Pok Oi Hospital]], [[Tung Wah Group of Hospitals]], and {{ill|Yan Oi Tong|zh|仁愛堂}}.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=197742&sid=4|title=Philanthropist Tin Ka-ping passes away|last=Wan|first=Cindy|date=2018-07-11|work=The Standard|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref>

In 1982, he donated more than a billion [[Hong Kong dollar]]s,<ref name=":4" /> which was about 80% of his wealth, to establish the [[Tin Ka Ping Foundation]], dedicated to making donations in education, medical care, transportation, and other public facilities. In 2009, he transferred the rest of his assets into the foundation, and retired from its active management.<ref name=":0" />

Having been forced to quit school in his childhood, Tin dedicated much of his resources to funding education.<ref name=":1" /> Since the 1980s, Tin made donations to 93 universities, 166 secondary schools, 41 elementary schools, and 19 specialized schools and kindergartens.<ref name=":0" /> He also funded 1,800 libraries in rural schools,<ref name=":0" /> 29 hospitals, and 130 bridges and roads.<ref name=":4" /> There are schools bearing his name in every province, municipality, and autonomous region in China, and he has been honoured as the "Father of a hundred schools" (百校之父).<ref name=":0" /> He also sponsored schools in Taiwan, Singapore and the United States.<ref name=":4" />

Tin's businesses and foundation suffered massive losses during the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]]. To help fund his foundation, in 2001 he sold his house in [[Kowloon Tong]] that he and his wife had lived in for 37 years, and rented a {{Convert|1300|ft2|adj=on}} apartment. He donated the entire proceeds of HK$56 million to more than 20 secondary schools. It was seen as an "incredible" decision by Hong Kong media.<ref name=":2" />

== Honours and awards ==
Tin had received numerous honours and awards in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, and Britain, for his contributions to public welfare. He was awarded the [[British Empire Medal]] in 1982, the [[Order of the British Empire]] by Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in 1996, and the [[Grand Bauhinia Medal]] in 2010 by the Hong Kong government.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Taiwanese President [[Lee Teng-hui]] presented him a Gold Plate on Contribution to Public Welfare in 1988.<ref name=":2" /> He was named the "Star of Education" by the Hong Kong Loving Hearts Campaign. In 1994, the [[Purple Mountain Observatory]] named the asteroid [[2886 Tinkaping]] after him. He was an honorary citizen of more than 80 cities and counties in China, and was awarded the honorary doctorate by more than 10 universities in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.<ref name=":0" />

Tin's former home, the Gong Chen Building located in Yintan Village, Gaopo Town, is now protected as a heritage site by the government of Dabu County. It has opened as a museum honouring Tin Ka Ping.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/guangdong/dabu/2011-04/07/content_12287689.htm|title=Tin Ka Ping’s Ancestral Home|last=|first=|date=2011-04-07|website=China Daily|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
Tin was married to Fong Wai-ying.<ref name=":2" /> They had more than 20 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2018-07-10/doc-ihezpzwu8295517.shtml|title=香港慈善家田家炳辞世: 捐出80%身家给超200所学校|last=|first=|date=2018-07-10|website=Sina|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> With the belief that it was "better to bequeath virtue rather than wealth to one's children", Tin donated the vast majority of his assets to his charitable foundation.<ref name=":0" />

In 2013, when he was 94, Tin was baptised and became a Christian.<ref name=":2" />

Tin died on 10 July 2018 in Hong Kong, at the age of 98.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tinkaping.org.cn/ Tin Ka Ping Foundation]
*[http://big5.cntv.cn/gate/big5/www.cctv.com/program/dysj/20070629/103250.shtml 紫荊花紅 – 富豪田家炳 (中央電視台, 2007年)] {{zh icon}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tin, Ka Ping}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Dabu]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Meizhou]]
[[Category:Hong Kong business executives]]
[[Category:Hong Kong philanthropists]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Hakka descent]]
[[Category:Chinese company founders]]
[[Category:Chinese expatriates in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Chinese philanthropists]]
[[Category:Hong Kong Christians]]
[[Category:Converts to Christianity]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Chinese businesspeople]]

Carl Pei

2018-09-16T01:19:42Z

Allenkong11:

{{use ldr|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name =  Carl Pei
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| baptised = 
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place = 
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = 
| nationality =
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Director of OnePlus Global
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = 
| known_for = Co-founding [[OnePlus]]
| notable_works = 
| style =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| family =
| callsign =
| awards =
| website = {{URL|https://twitter.com/getpeid|Twitter}}
| module =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Carl Pei''' (born September 11, 1989) is a [[China|Chinese]]-born [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Computer programming|computer programmer]] and [[List of Internet entrepreneurs|internet entrepreneur]]. He co-founded [[OnePlus]], along with [[Pete Lau]], in 2013 and is the current director of OnePlus Global.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}}

==Early life==
Pei was born in 1989 in [[China]], shortly after which he and his parents moved to the [[United States]]. A couple of years later, his family moved to [[Sweden]], where Pei grew up.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}} Pei pursued his [[Bachelor degree]] of Science in 2008 at the [[Stockholm School of Economics]], but dropped out in 2011 to work full-time in the [[smartphone]] industry.<ref name="LinkedIn">{{cite web |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/peicarl/ |title=LinkedIn profile Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-06 |date=October 15, 2017 |work=LinkedIn}}</ref><ref name="droppingout">{{cite web|url=http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|title="Never settle," said Carl Pei and founded OnePlus|date=October 2, 2017|work=Slush|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021915/http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|archive-date=October 7, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Career==
Pei joined [[Nokia]] in 2010, and worked at the company for three months. After Nokia, the fan website Pei had created about [[Meizu]] had caught the attention of the company's Hong Kong branch, where Pei started working in Meizu's marketing team in 2011.

In November 2012, Pei joined [[OPPO Electronics|Oppo]] as its international markets manager, where he worked directly under Pete Lau.<ref name="LinkedIn" /><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |title=After Making It Big Globally, OnePlus Turns Its Gaze To China |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 24, 2015 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015152154/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="SamMobile">{{cite web |url=https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |title=OnePlus co-founder Carl Pei wants to be an intern at Samsung |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 1, 2015 |work=SamMobile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150541/https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==OnePlus==
Pei co-founded OnePlus with Pete Lau in December 2013.<ref name="leavingoppo">{{cite web|url=http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|title="Why Carl Pei left Oppo?|date=December 19, 2013|work=OPPO Community|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070155/http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|archive-date=October 7, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Their first OnePlus device, the [[OnePlus One]], sold close to a million units in 2014, despite a sales target of only 50,000, according to Pei.<ref name="Digital Trends">{{cite web |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |title=OnePlus sells nearly 1 million OnePlus One units in 2014 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 10, 2015 |work=Digital Trends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015145947/https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In July 2015, Pei presented the [[OnePlus 2]] through a virtual reality video on YouTube. It was claimed to be the first product launch in virtual reality, and the video has been viewed 289,000 times as of October 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 2 VR">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |title=OnePlus 2: World’s First Product Launch in VR |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 27, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125150356/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |archive-date=November 25, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

After the unveiling of the [[OnePlus 3]], in June 2016, and Pei claimed it was the company's most popular smartphone, based off the [[Net Promoter|Net Promoter Score]] tracked by OnePlus.<ref name="OnePlus 3 XDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |title=Interview with Carl Pei from OnePlus pt1 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 21, 2016 |work=XDA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101054402/https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

When asked about the reasoning about releasing the [[OnePlus 3T]] only a few months later in November 2016, Pei said the reason for the upgrade from the OnePlus 3 to the OnePlus 3T was because they did not want to wait to improve the hardware.<ref name="OnePlus 3T Pocket-lint">{{cite web |url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |title=Carl Pei: Smartphone's big disruptor talks OnePlus 3T, Daydream VR and focus |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=November 21, 2016 |work=Pocket-lint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150746/http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Pei claimed the [[OnePlus 5]] to be the fastest-selling OnePlus device to date shortly after its release in June 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 5 NDTV">{{cite web |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |title=OnePlus 5 Is the 'Fastest Selling' OnePlus Device Ever, Says Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 21, 2017 |work=NDTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015201801/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Publicity==

In July 2015, Pei was interviewed by [[The Wall Street Journal]] about how OnePlus was created. Pei stated:

<blockquote>One of the reasons why we started this company was we looked at all the Android phones on the market and there wasn't one phone that was good enough for us ourselves to use.<ref name="Carl Pei WSJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 23, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914140747/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>

In June 2015, Pei was interviewed by [[Forbes]] about the globalization of OnePlus. Pei stated:

<blockquote>OnePlus wasn’t meant to become a global company at the beginning. The main focus was taking on the China market. When we started the company, we built a management team with a lot of experience in the China market. But for the global markets team, we are a bunch of young people without a lot of experience. It was just like an experiment, “Hey, do the global markets and see what happens. Do whatever you want.” We call our group “a Shenzhen within our company”, or a start-up within a bigger company.<ref name="Forbes"/></blockquote>

In October 2014, Pei was interviewed by [[The New York Times]] about the growth and market approach of OnePlus. Pei stated:

<blockquote>We don’t really think of ourselves as a Chinese start-up. Very soon our sales outside of China will surpass sales in China.<ref name="Carl Pei NYT">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 8, 2014 |work=NYT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015151442/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>

==Awards==
In April 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Marketing Week]] Vision 100 list for his marketing achievements.<ref name="Marketing Week Vision 100">{{cite web |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |title=Marketing Week Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=April 1, 2016 |work=Marketing Week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150219/https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In January 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Forbes 30 Under 30]] list for his influence in the technology industry.<ref name="Forbes 30 Under 30">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |title=Carl Pei 30 Under 30 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 1, 2016 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015153140/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work">{{cite web |last=Orin |first=Andy |title=I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work |url=http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |website=[[Lifehacker]] |accessdate=1 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170701174000/http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |archivedate=1 July 2017 |deadurl=no |language=English |date=4 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}
{{OnePlus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pei, Carl}}
[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:Businesspeople in telecommunications]]
[[Category:Technology business executives]]
[[Category:Meizu people]]
[[Category:OnePlus people]]
[[Category:Chinese emigrants to Sweden]]

Carl Pei

2018-09-16T01:18:19Z

Allenkong11:

Lucy Peng

2018-09-16T00:44:28Z

Allenkong11:

{{COI|date=January 2018}}
{{advert|date=January 2018}}
{{Chinese name|[[Peng (surname)|Peng]]}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peng Lei (Lucy Peng)
| image =
| native_name = 彭蕾
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date |44|2017|06|23}}<ref name="Forbes"/>
| birth_place = [[Wanzhou]], [[Chongqing]], China
| residence =
| nationality = Chinese
| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]
| occupation = Co-founder & CEO, Ant Financial Chief people officer, [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]]
| salary =
| spouse = Sun Tongyu
| children =
| ancestry =
| networth = US$1.1 billion (March 2017)<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Lucy Peng|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|website=Forbes|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Peng Lei''' (also '''Lucy Peng'''; {{zh|t=彭蕾}}<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Peng Lei, the frontrunner for Alibaba's next CEO|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|newspaper=Want China Times|date=17 January 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225438/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|archivedate=29 May 2014|df=}}</ref> born 1972/73) is a Chinese business executive and one of the founders of the Chinese e-commerce [[business group]] [[Alibaba Group]]. Peng is one of 21 self-made women billionaires in China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiasavchuk/2017/03/20/billionaire-newcomers-2017-yvon-chouinard-manny-stul-patrick-john-collison/#39fbe5254f1d|title=Meet The 195 Billionaire Newcomers Of 2017|last=Savchuk|first=Katia|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-10-06|language=en}}</ref>''' '''

==Career==
Peng earned a degree in business administration in 1994 from Hangzhou Institute of Commerce, which was later renamed as [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]. Following her graduation, she taught at the Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics for five years.<ref name=":0" /> Peng quit teaching shortly after marrying, and with her husband (who would later run [[Taobao]], Alibaba's eBay reminiscent marketplace) joined [[Jack Ma]] in founding Alibaba in September 1999.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> They were one of the many husband and wife teams making up the 1/3rd ratio of women amongst Alibaba's founding partners that the company would later become positively praised for.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qz.com/207398/the-gender-diversity-among-alibabas-founders-puts-silicon-valley-to-shame/#/|title=Alibaba’s gender diversity puts Silicon Valley to shame|last=Timmons|first=Heather|date=8 May 2014|website=Quartz|publisher=Quartz|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Her early responsibilities with the company involved managing the [[Human Resources|HR department]] of Alibaba, which she herself created. During this period, one of her notable accomplishments is developing the "mom and pop" model at Alibaba, in which one "mom" focused on teamwork and motivation, while one "pop" handled performance assessments.<ref name=":3" />

From January 2010 to February 2013, Peng was the CEO of [[Ant Financial Services Group|Alipay]]. Alipay became the most successful payment gateway within China under her management, expanding to over 800 million users as of 2014. As of the end of 2014, it was valued at around $60 billion.

In March 2013, Peng took over as CEO of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services.<ref name=":2" /> There, she made significant progress in searching for innovations in the mobile payments system.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile.html|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|date=October 16, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg}}</ref>

In 2013, Peng's name was frequently floated by the Chinese press as a candidate for Alibaba's next [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]. However, another executive eventually got the job.<ref name=":3" />

In 2014, Peng founded [[Ant Financial Services Group|Ant Financial Services]] in order to support small businesses. In September 2015, Alibaba and Ant Financial together took a combined 40% stake in Indian mobile wallet operator [[Paytm]], placing Peng as a member of its board of directors<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45jklj/lucy-peng-43-china/#2440af87a005|title=Asia Power Women 2016|last=Scott|first=Mary E.|date=6 April 2016|website=Forbes Asia|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Ant Financial broke the record for the world's largest private fundraising found for an internet company at $4.5 billion, placing the company at an approximately $60 billion valuation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-affiliate-ant-financial-raises-4-5-billion-in-largest-private-tech-funding-round-globally-1461642246|title=Alibaba Affiliate Ant Financial Raises $4.5 Billion in Largest Private Tech Funding Round|last=Wu|first=Kane|date=25 April 2016|website=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

She also served as chief people officer, the chief human resources officer for Alibaba Group for over 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|last=|first=|date=16 October 2016|website=Bloomberg Technology|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In this position, she oversaw the approximately 35,000 employees under Alibaba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/most-powerful-women-asia-pacific/lucy-peng-11/|title=MPW Asia 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Peng became a billionaire in 2014 based on Alibaba's valuation prior to its record-setting [[Initial public offering|IPO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/people/others/1504/2389-1.htm|title=Top 5 Richest Women in World's Tech Sector|last=Wu|first=Amanda|date=22 April 2015|website=Women of China|publisher=Women of China|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Three years after she began teaching, Peng married Sun Tongyu. She later divorced him for a short period, but then remarried him.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/alibaba-co-founder-peng-lei-set-to-join-paytm-board-115011900031_1.html|title=Alibaba co-founder Peng Lei set to join Paytm board|last=Mitra|first=Sounak|date=19 January 2015|website=Business Standard|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

Porter Erisman, in his 2012 documentary Crocodile in the Yangtze about Alibaba's early years, described Peng as "a funny and down-to-earth" leader.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/17/wu-peng-alibabas-dynamic-duo/|title=Alibaba's Maggie Wu and Lucy Peng: The dynamic duo behind the IPO|last=Cendrowski|first=Scott|date=17 September 2014|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

==Accomplishments==
As of 2016, Peng was listed as the 35th most powerful woman in the world by ''Forbes'', #35 on their list of Power Women for 2016, and #17 on their list of Asia Power Women for 2016.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|last=|first=|date=|website=Forbes|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, she was ranked as the third richest woman in the tech sector by [[Wealth-X]], and the #11 Most Powerful Woman in Asia by Fortune.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wealthx.com/articles/2015/wealth-x-reveals-the-wealthiest-women-in-tech/|title=Wealth-X Reveals: The Wealthiest Women In Tech|last=|first=|date=15 April 2015|website=Wealth-X|publisher=Wealth-X|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.daonong.com/g/2009en/specialreport/20090914/10769.html An Interview with Peng Lei：The DNA Code of Alibaba], Green Herald.
* [http://tech.sina.com.cn/z/featurepl/ 彭蕾解读小微金服：无线及国际化成未来重点] (Peng Lei interpretation of small and micro payments), Sina Corp (Chinese)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1wIAs0uJ_Y Video of Lucy Peng speaking at the China 2.0 conference at the Stanford Graduate School of Business], September 28, 2012 (Chinese)

{{Alibaba Group}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peng, Lucy}}
[[Category:1970s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hangzhou]]
[[Category:Chinese billionaires]]
[[Category:Chinese women chief executives]]
[[Category:Female billionaires]]
[[Category:Alibaba Group people]]
[[Category:Chinese computer businesspeople]]
[[Category:Chinese company founders]]
[[Category:Chinese women company founders]]
[[Category:21st-century Chinese businesspeople]]

Carl Pei

2018-09-15T16:58:59Z

Allenkong11:

{{use ldr|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name =  Carl Pei
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| baptised = 
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place = 
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = 
| nationality =
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Director of OnePlus Global
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = 
| known_for = Co-founding [[OnePlus]]
| notable_works = 
| style =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| family =
| callsign =
| awards =
| website = {{URL|https://twitter.com/getpeid|Twitter}}
| module =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Carl Pei''' (born September 11, 1989) is a [[China|Chinese]]-born [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Computer programming|computer programmer]] and [[List of Internet entrepreneurs|internet entrepreneur]]. He co-founded [[OnePlus]], along with [[Pete Lau]], in 2013 and is the current director of OnePlus Global.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}}

==Early life==
Pei was born in 1989 in [[China]], shortly after which he and his parents moved to the [[United States]]. A couple of years later, his family moved to [[Sweden]], where Pei grew up.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}} Pei pursued his [[Bachelor degree]] of Science in 2008 at the [[Stockholm School of Economics]], but dropped out in 2011 to work full-time in the [[smartphone]] industry.<ref name="LinkedIn">{{cite web |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/peicarl/ |title=LinkedIn profile Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-06 |date=October 15, 2017 |work=LinkedIn}}</ref><ref name="droppingout">{{cite web|url=http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|title="Never settle," said Carl Pei and founded OnePlus|date=October 2, 2017|work=Slush|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021915/http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|archive-date=October 7, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Career==
Pei joined [[Nokia]] in 2010, and worked at the company for three months. After Nokia, the fan website Pei had created about [[Meizu]] had caught the attention of the company's Hong Kong branch, where Pei started working in Meizu's marketing team in 2011.

In November 2012, Pei joined [[OPPO Electronics|Oppo]] as its international markets manager, where he worked directly under Pete Lau.<ref name="LinkedIn" /><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |title=After Making It Big Globally, OnePlus Turns Its Gaze To China |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 24, 2015 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015152154/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="SamMobile">{{cite web |url=https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |title=OnePlus co-founder Carl Pei wants to be an intern at Samsung |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 1, 2015 |work=SamMobile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150541/https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==OnePlus==
Pei co-founded OnePlus with Pete Lau in December 2013.<ref name="leavingoppo">{{cite web|url=http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|title="Why Carl Pei left Oppo?|date=December 19, 2013|work=OPPO Community|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070155/http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|archive-date=October 7, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Their first OnePlus device, the [[OnePlus One]], sold close to a million units in 2014, despite a sales target of only 50,000, according to Pei.<ref name="Digital Trends">{{cite web |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |title=OnePlus sells nearly 1 million OnePlus One units in 2014 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 10, 2015 |work=Digital Trends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015145947/https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In July 2015, Pei presented the [[OnePlus 2]] through a virtual reality video on YouTube. It was claimed to be the first product launch in virtual reality, and the video has been viewed 289,000 times as of October 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 2 VR">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |title=OnePlus 2: World’s First Product Launch in VR |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 27, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125150356/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |archive-date=November 25, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

After the unveiling of the [[OnePlus 3]], in June 2016, and Pei claimed it was the company's most popular smartphone, based off the [[Net Promoter|Net Promoter Score]] tracked by OnePlus.<ref name="OnePlus 3 XDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |title=Interview with Carl Pei from OnePlus pt1 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 21, 2016 |work=XDA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101054402/https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

When asked about the reasoning about releasing the [[OnePlus 3T]] only a few months later in November 2016, Pei said the reason for the upgrade from the OnePlus 3 to the OnePlus 3T was because they did not want to wait to improve the hardware.<ref name="OnePlus 3T Pocket-lint">{{cite web |url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |title=Carl Pei: Smartphone's big disruptor talks OnePlus 3T, Daydream VR and focus |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=November 21, 2016 |work=Pocket-lint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150746/http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Pei claimed the [[OnePlus 5]] to be the fastest-selling OnePlus device to date shortly after its release in June 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 5 NDTV">{{cite web |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |title=OnePlus 5 Is the 'Fastest Selling' OnePlus Device Ever, Says Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 21, 2017 |work=NDTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015201801/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Publicity==

In July 2015, Pei was interviewed by [[The Wall Street Journal]] about how OnePlus was created. Pei stated:

<blockquote>One of the reasons why we started this company was we looked at all the Android phones on the market and there wasn't one phone that was good enough for us ourselves to use.<ref name="Carl Pei WSJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 23, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914140747/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>

In June 2015, Pei was interviewed by [[Forbes]] about the globalization of OnePlus. Pei stated:

<blockquote>OnePlus wasn’t meant to become a global company at the beginning. The main focus was taking on the China market. When we started the company, we built a management team with a lot of experience in the China market. But for the global markets team, we are a bunch of young people without a lot of experience. It was just like an experiment, “Hey, do the global markets and see what happens. Do whatever you want.” We call our group “a Shenzhen within our company”, or a start-up within a bigger company.<ref name="Forbes"/></blockquote>

In October 2014, Pei was interviewed by [[The New York Times]] about the growth and market approach of OnePlus. Pei stated:

<blockquote>We don’t really think of ourselves as a Chinese start-up. Very soon our sales outside of China will surpass sales in China.<ref name="Carl Pei NYT">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 8, 2014 |work=NYT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015151442/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>

==Awards==
In April 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Marketing Week]] Vision 100 list for his marketing achievements.<ref name="Marketing Week Vision 100">{{cite web |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |title=Marketing Week Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=April 1, 2016 |work=Marketing Week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150219/https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In January 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Forbes 30 Under 30]] list for his influence in the technology industry.<ref name="Forbes 30 Under 30">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |title=Carl Pei 30 Under 30 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 1, 2016 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015153140/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work">{{cite web |last=Orin |first=Andy |title=I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work |url=http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |website=[[Lifehacker]] |accessdate=1 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170701174000/http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |archivedate=1 July 2017 |deadurl=no |language=English |date=4 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}
{{OnePlus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pei, Carl}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Smartphones]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in telecommunications]]
[[Category:Technology business executives]]
[[Category:Meizu people]]
[[Category:OnePlus people]]

Carl Pei

2018-09-15T16:55:10Z

Allenkong11:

{{use ldr|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name =  Carl Pei
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| baptised = 
| disappeared_date = 
| disappeared_place =
| disappeared_status =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| burial_place = 
| burial_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = 
| nationality =
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Director of OnePlus Global
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = 
| known_for = Co-founding [[OnePlus]]
| notable_works = 
| style =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charge = 
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father = 
| relatives =
| family =
| callsign =
| awards =
| website = {{URL|https://twitter.com/getpeid|Twitter}}
| module =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Carl Pei''' (born September 11, 1989) is a [[China|Chinese]]-born [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Computer programming|computer programmer]] and [[List of Internet entrepreneurs|internet entrepreneur]]. He co-founded [[OnePlus]], along with [[Pete Lau]], in 2013 and is the current director of OnePlus Global.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}}

==Early life==
Pei was born in 1989 in [[China]], shortly after which he and his parents moved to the [[United States]]. A couple of years later, his family moved to [[Sweden]], where Pei grew up.{{r|I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work}} Pei pursued his [[Bachelor degree]] of Science in 2008 at the [[Stockholm School of Economics]], but dropped out in 2011 to work full-time in the [[smartphone]] industry.<ref name="LinkedIn">{{cite web |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/peicarl/ |title=LinkedIn profile Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-06 |date=October 15, 2017 |work=LinkedIn}}</ref><ref name="droppingout">{{cite web|url=http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|title="Never settle," said Carl Pei and founded OnePlus|date=October 2, 2017|work=Slush|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021915/http://www.slush.org/news/never-settle-said-carl-pei-founded-oneplus/|archive-date=October 7, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Career==
Pei joined [[Nokia]] in 2010, and worked at the company for three months. After Nokia, the fan website Pei had created about [[Meizu]] had caught the attention of the company's Hong Kong branch, where Pei started working in Meizu's marketing team in 2011.

In November 2012, Pei joined [[OPPO Electronics|Oppo]] as its international markets manager, where he worked directly under Pete Lau.<ref name="LinkedIn" /><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |title=After Making It Big Globally, OnePlus Turns Its Gaze To China |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 24, 2015 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015152154/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ckgsb/2015/06/24/after-making-it-big-globally-oneplus-turns-its-gaze-to-china/#1e2f8463311e |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="SamMobile">{{cite web |url=https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |title=OnePlus co-founder Carl Pei wants to be an intern at Samsung |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 1, 2015 |work=SamMobile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150541/https://www.sammobile.com/2015/10/01/oneplus-co-founder-carl-pei-wants-to-be-an-intern-at-samsung/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==OnePlus==
Pei co-founded OnePlus with Pete Lau in December 2013.<ref name="leavingoppo">{{cite web|url=http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|title="Why Carl Pei left Oppo?|date=December 19, 2013|work=OPPO Community|accessdate=2017-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070155/http://community.oppo.com/en/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=7869|archive-date=October 7, 2017|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Their first OnePlus device, the [[OnePlus One]], sold close to a million units in 2014, despite a sales target of only 50,000, according to Pei.<ref name="Digital Trends">{{cite web |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |title=OnePlus sells nearly 1 million OnePlus One units in 2014 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 10, 2015 |work=Digital Trends |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015145947/https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/oneplus-sells-nearly-1-million-oneplus-one-units-2014-two-new-models-coming-2015/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In July 2015, Pei presented the [[OnePlus 2]] through a virtual reality video on YouTube. It was claimed to be the first product launch in virtual reality, and the video has been viewed 289,000 times as of October 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 2 VR">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |title=OnePlus 2: World’s First Product Launch in VR |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 27, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125150356/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y02aDqOqcmg |archive-date=November 25, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

After the unveiling of the [[OnePlus 3]], in June 2016, and Pei claimed it was the company's most popular smartphone, based off the [[Net Promoter|Net Promoter Score]] tracked by OnePlus.<ref name="OnePlus 3 XDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |title=Interview with Carl Pei from OnePlus pt1 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 21, 2016 |work=XDA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101054402/https://www.xda-developers.com/interview-with-carl-pei-oneplus-direction-current-smartphone-market-google-pixel/ |archive-date=January 1, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

When asked about the reasoning about releasing the [[OnePlus 3T]] only a few months later in November 2016, Pei said the reason for the upgrade from the OnePlus 3 to the OnePlus 3T was because they did not want to wait to improve the hardware.<ref name="OnePlus 3T Pocket-lint">{{cite web |url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |title=Carl Pei: Smartphone's big disruptor talks OnePlus 3T, Daydream VR and focus |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=November 21, 2016 |work=Pocket-lint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150746/http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/139507-carl-pei-smartphone-s-big-disruptor-talks-oneplus-3t-daydream-vr-and-focus |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Pei claimed the [[OnePlus 5]] to be the fastest-selling OnePlus device to date shortly after its release in June 2017.<ref name="OnePlus 5 NDTV">{{cite web |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |title=OnePlus 5 Is the 'Fastest Selling' OnePlus Device Ever, Says Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=June 21, 2017 |work=NDTV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015201801/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/oneplus-5-fastest-selling-oneplus-device-ever-carl-pei-1715151 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Publicity==

In July 2015, Pei was interviewed by [[The Wall Street Journal]] about how OnePlus was created. Pei stated:

<blockquote>One of the reasons why we started this company was we looked at all the Android phones on the market and there wasn't one phone that was good enough for us ourselves to use.<ref name="Carl Pei WSJ">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=July 23, 2015 |work=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914140747/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTU2Ae27T14 |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>

In June 2015, Pei was interviewed by [[Forbes]] about the globalization of OnePlus. Pei stated:

<blockquote>OnePlus wasn’t meant to become a global company at the beginning. The main focus was taking on the China market. When we started the company, we built a management team with a lot of experience in the China market. But for the global markets team, we are a bunch of young people without a lot of experience. It was just like an experiment, “Hey, do the global markets and see what happens. Do whatever you want.” We call our group “a Shenzhen within our company”, or a start-up within a bigger company.<ref name="Forbes"/></blockquote>

In October 2014, Pei was interviewed by [[The New York Times]] about the growth and market approach of OnePlus. Pei stated:

<blockquote>We don’t really think of ourselves as a Chinese start-up. Very soon our sales outside of China will surpass sales in China.<ref name="Carl Pei NYT">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |title=Low Price, High Hopes for OnePlus Phone |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=October 8, 2014 |work=NYT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015151442/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/technology/personaltech/oneplus-one-review-high-hopes-for-low-price-phone.html |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>

==Awards==
In April 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Marketing Week]] Vision 100 list for his marketing achievements.<ref name="Marketing Week Vision 100">{{cite web |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |title=Marketing Week Carl Pei |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=April 1, 2016 |work=Marketing Week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150219/https://www.marketingweek.com/vision100/profile/carl-pei/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In January 2016, Pei was included in the 2016 edition of the [[Forbes 30 Under 30]] list for his influence in the technology industry.<ref name="Forbes 30 Under 30">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |title=Carl Pei 30 Under 30 |accessdate=2017-10-15 |date=January 1, 2016 |work=Forbes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015153140/https://www.forbes.com/pictures/hhlh45li/carl-pei-26/#2ee546497e71 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work">{{cite web |last=Orin |first=Andy |title=I'm Carl Pei, Co-Founder of OnePlus, and This Is How I Work |url=http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |website=[[Lifehacker]] |accessdate=1 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170701174000/http://lifehacker.com/im-carl-pei-co-founder-of-oneplus-and-this-is-how-i-w-1688930538 |archivedate=1 July 2017 |deadurl=no |language=English |date=4 March 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}
{{OnePlus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pei, Carl}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Smartphones]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in telecommunications]]
[[Category:Technology business executives]]
[[Category:Meizu people]]

Jenova Chen

2017-11-21T16:15:00Z

Allenkong11:

{{Good article}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Jenova Chen
|image = Jenova Chen - 2007.jpg
|image_size = 160px
|caption = Jenova Chen in 2007
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|10|08}}
|birth_place = [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
| residence = [[Los Angeles]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|occupation = [[Video game designer]]
|spouse =
|known_for = [[Thatgamecompany]]
|notable_works= ''[[Cloud (video game)|Cloud]]'', ''[[Flow (video game)|Flow]]'', ''[[Flower (video game)|Flower]]'', ''[[Journey (2012 video game)|Journey]]''
|website= http://www.jenovachen.com/
}}
'''Xinghan Chen''' ({{zh|s=陈星汉|t=陳星漢|p=Chén Xīnghàn}}; born October 8, 1981), known professionally as '''Jenova Chen''', is a Chinese [[video game designer]]. He is the designer of the award-winning games ''[[Cloud (video game)|Cloud]]'', ''[[Flow (video game)|Flow]]'', ''[[Flower (video game)|Flower]]'', and ''[[Journey (2012 video game)|Journey]]'', and is co-founder of [[Thatgamecompany]].

Chen is from [[Shanghai]], where he earned a bachelor's degree in computer science with a minor in digital art and design. He then moved to the [[United States]], where he earned a master's degree from the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[USC Interactive Media Division|Interactive Media Division]]. While there he created ''Cloud'' and ''Flow'', and met fellow student [[Kellee Santiago]]. After a brief period at [[Maxis]] working on ''[[Spore (2008 video game)|Spore]]'', he founded Thatgamecompany with Santiago and became the company's [[creative director]]. The company signed a three-game deal with [[Sony Computer Entertainment]], and has sold ''Flow'', ''Flower'', and ''Journey'' through the [[PlayStation Network]].

As Chen was born in a culture other than the culture he now lives in, he tries to make games that appeal universally to all people. His goal with his games is to help video games mature as a medium by making games that inspire emotional responses in the player that other games are lacking. Although he and Thatgamecompany can and have made more traditional games, he does not plan on commercially developing any of them, as he does not think that it fits with their goals as an [[Independent video game development|independent video game developer]].

==Biography==
Chen was born in [[Shanghai]] on October 8, 1981,<ref name="birth"/> and lived there until 2003.<ref name="NPRint"/> His parents were "a middle-class family", and his father worked in the software development industry, having previously worked on "one of the earliest giant computers in China".<ref name="TOTint"/> Although Chen was interested in art and drawing as a young child, his father influenced him towards computers, entering him in programming contests from when he was 10 years old. He found himself interested in video games that he saw there, but was not as enthusiastic about programming.<ref name="GSint"/><ref name="CBCint"/> While a teenager, he had deep emotional experiences with games that he played, including ''[[The Legend of Sword and Fairy]]'', which he ascribes to the fact that he was not as exposed to books, films, or life events that other people would have had those experiences with.<ref name="EGjm"/> These experiences drove him to try to create those types of feelings in games as an adult, when more emotional maturity had caused his "standards to rise" in what would move him in a game.<ref name="CBCint"/> It was during high school that he chose the English name [[Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series#Jenova|Jenova]] after a character in ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'', wanting a name that would be unique anywhere he used it as there were "thousands of Jason Chens".<ref name="TOTint"/>

He earned a degree in Computer Science & Engineering in [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]], which due to his background in computers he found "quite easy",<ref name="TOTint"/> but describes himself as spending much of his time there teaching himself digital art and animation, and later did a minor in digital art and design at [[Donghua University]]. Still interested in video games, he was involved in making three video games as part of a student group while in school.<ref name="GSint"/> Upon graduating, he had trouble finding a job in the Chinese video game industry that combined his interests of "engineering, art, and design",<ref name="GSint"/> and additionally felt that "very few games [had] actually achieved those qualities that would be interesting to an adult".<ref name="NPRint"/> He also considered working in digital animation for films.<ref name="GIint"/>

He then went to the United States to earn a master's degree in the [[USC School of Cinematic Arts|School of Cinematic Arts]] at the [[University of Southern California]].<ref name="NPRint"/> Chen studied in the [[USC Interactive Media Division|Interactive Media Program]], a new division of the School of Cinematic Arts.<ref name="EGjm"/> His intention at the time was to use the degree to get the kind of job he wanted back in China.<ref name="TOTint"/> At USC, he became inspired when he went to the [[Game Developers Conference]], where he positively compared the games he had made in college with the student work present at the [[Independent Games Festival]] portion of the conference.<ref name="GIint"/> While at USC he met [[Kellee Santiago]], another student in the same program, and the two decided to work together on games that would be outside of the mainstream.<ref name="NPRint"/>

Their first game, which won a grant of twenty thousand dollars from USC to produce,<ref name="WIREDpiece"/> was ''[[Cloud (video game)|Cloud]]'', released in 2005, which "focuses on a young hospital patient who soars in his mind despite being trapped indoors".<ref name="WSJedito"/> The idea was partially based on himself, as when he was a child he was often hospitalized for asthma.<ref name="TOTint"/> It was designed as an attempt to "expand the spectrum of emotions video games evoke".<ref name="GSint"/> At a student showcase at the Game Developers Conference, Chen and Santiago showed the game to a representative from Sony, John Hight, saying that it was the first game in the "Zen" genre. Hight was interested, though no deal was forthcoming.<ref name="NPRint"/> The game won the Best Student Philosophy award at the [[Slamdance Film Festival#Slamdance Guerrilla Games Competition|Slamdance Guerilla Games Competition]] and a Student Showcase award at the Independent Games Festival, and was showcased on [[Spike (TV channel)|Spike TV]], [[G4 (U.S. TV channel)|G4TV]], and [[CBS Sunday Morning|CBS Sunday]].<ref name="WIREDpiece"/>

Chen felt that the reason that ''Cloud'' had been so warmly received was because the emotions it sparked in players were different than any other game available at the time, and believed that it was his "calling" to make more games that changed what people saw video games as.<ref name="EGjm"/> Chen went on to do his master's [[thesis]] the following year in the concept of [[Dynamic game difficulty balancing|dynamic difficulty adjustment]], where the game adjusts how it reacts to the player based on the past and present actions of that player. Chen illustrated his ideas with ''[[Flow (video game)|Flow]]'', a [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] game made with Nicholas Clark.<ref name="JSint"/> The game involves the player guiding an aquatic [[microorganism]] through various depths of the ocean, consuming other organisms and evolving in the process. It was released in March 2006; it received 100,000 downloads in its first two weeks and by July had been downloaded over 650,000 times.<ref name="WIREDpiece"/><ref name="WSJedito2"/> A [[PlayStation 3]] version was announced in May 2006 as a downloadable game via the [[PlayStation Store]], and was released in February 2007. A version for the [[PlayStation Portable]], developed by [[SuperVillain Studios]], was released in March 2008.<ref name="SONYflowpsp"/> ''Flow'' became the most downloaded game on the PlayStation Network in 2007, and won Best Downloadable Game at the [[Game Developers Choice Awards]].<ref name="VARIETYpiece"/>

After graduating, Chen and Santiago formed their own game company, [[Thatgamecompany]], in [[Los Angeles]] where he still lives and signed a deal with Sony for three PlayStation Store games.<ref name="NPRint"/> The PS3 version of ''Flow'' was the first, and while it was in development Chen worked for [[Maxis]] on the game ''[[Spore (2008 video game)|Spore]]''.<ref name="WSJedito2"/> Upon ''Flow''{{'}}s release, Chen returned to Thatgamecompany and began working on their second game.<ref name="GSint2"/>

===Thatgamecompany===
The next game, ''[[Flower (video game)|Flower]]'', was Chen and Thatgamecompany's "first game outside the safety net of academia".<ref name="GAMAdevint"/> Chen was the creative director in charge of the game, while Santiago was the producer and Clark was the lead designer.<ref name="TGCabout"/> The company ranged in size from six to nine people at varying stages of the game's development.<ref name="GAMAdevint2"/> ''Flower'' was intended by Chen to provoke positive emotions in the player, and to act as "an emotional shelter".<ref name="GAMAdevint2"/> Chen described the game as "an interactive poem exploring the tension between urban and nature".<ref name=Release/> He decided on a "nature" theme early in the development process, saying that he "had this concept that every PlayStation is like a portal in your living room, it leads you to somewhere else. I thought; wouldn't it be nice if it was a portal that would allow you to be embraced by nature."<ref name="EXCLAIMint"/> Chen designed the game around the idea that the primary purpose of entertainment products like video games was the feelings that they evoked in the audience, and that the emotional range of most games was very limited. To make ''Flower'' have the "emotional spectrum" that he wanted, Chen looked at the development process as creating a work of art, rather than a "fun" game, which would not provoke the desired emotions.<ref name="GAMACHENint"/> In 2008, during ''Flower'''s development, Chen was named to the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[Technology Review]] [[TR35]] as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.<ref name="TR35"/>

After ''Flower'' was released to critical praise and awards,<ref name="BAFTA"/> Chen and Thatgamecompany moved on to their next game, ''[[Journey (2012 video game)|Journey]]''. ''Journey'' was intended by Chen to focus on the element of communication and social interaction in video games.<ref name="GSjourney"/> Since in most games the communication between players is focused on specific goals, in ''Journey'' Chen intended for the player to be able to either play alone or to come across other players, but not be able to communicate with them directly. Instead, players have to build relationships with each other through their actions, helping each other or leaving as they choose.<ref name="GSPOTjourney"/> ''Journey'' was released on the PlayStation Network on March 13, 2012, and has received critical acclaim.

==Influences and philosophy==
Chen plays a wide variety of video games, but he names his greatest influences as ''[[Katamari Damacy]]'', ''[[Ico]]'' and ''[[Shadow of the Colossus]]''. He also names ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'' as an influence, and the game that he took his adopted name from.<ref name="JSint"/> He personally plays games "competitively", including titles such as ''[[Street Fighter IV]]'' and ''[[StarCraft]]''.<ref name="GIint"/> He feels he has a competitive nature, which he has turned towards "winning" at being a game designer by creating games that are unlike what is in the market rather than towards creating competitive games.<ref name="EGjm"/> As he was raised in China and works in America, Chen feels that he cannot fully relate to either culture as a game designer. As such, instead of trying to make games that fit perfectly with one culture he tries to make games that tap into feelings that are universal and independent of culture.<ref name="GSint2"/>

When Chen quit Maxis to re-join Thatgamecompany, he did so knowing that it would mean taking less pay and having a less stable career. He felt, though, that it was important to the industry and medium as a whole to create games that provoked different emotional responses in the player than just excitement or fear. While Chen is not opposed to making action games, and his company has made internal "exciting" games that were well received at Sony, he feels that there is no point to Thatgamecompany commercially producing games like that instead of working for existing game developers, as they would not be making anything new that justified the cost of remaining an independent studio.<ref name="GSint2"/> Similarly, Chen does not intend for Thatgamecompany to make "big budget blockbuster games", as the pressure on profits that entails would stifle the innovation that he wants Thatgamecompany to focus on.<ref name="GINDint"/> Chen believes that for video games to become a mature medium like film, the industry as a whole needs to create a wide range of emotional responses to their games, similar to how film has thriller, romance, and comedy genres based on the emotions they provoke.<ref name="CBCint"/> He feels that there are only three ways for video games to impact adults in the same way they do children: "intellectually, whereby the work reveals a new perspective about the world that you have not seen before," by "emotionally touching someone," and "by creating a social environment where the intellectual or emotional stimulation could happen from other people."<ref name="EGjm"/>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="birth">{{cite web |url=http://www.chinanews.com/hr/2013/03-28/4684631.shtml |script-title=zh:陈星汉游戏《旅程》获国际游戏开发者大会6项大奖 |publisher=[[China News Service]] |date=2013-03-28 |accessdate=2014-06-05 |language=Chinese}}</ref>

<ref name="NPRint">{{cite web|last=Chaplin|first=Heather|title=Video Game Grad Programs Open Up The Industry|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102246406 |publisher=[[NPR]]|accessdate=2011-01-05|date=2009-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326081336/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102246406 |archivedate=2009-03-26 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="TOTint">{{cite web|title=Interview with Jenova Chen|url=http://tale-of-tales.com/blog/interviews/interview-with-jenova-chen/|publisher=[[Tale of Tales (developer)|Tale of Tales]]|accessdate=2011-01-06| date=April 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103041907/http://tale-of-tales.com/blog/interviews/interview-with-jenova-chen/ |archivedate=2010-01-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="WSJedito">{{cite web|last=Brophy-Warren |first=Jamin |title=Joysticks and Easy Riders |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122972605155122665 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=2011-01-05 |date=2008-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414011340/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122972605155122665.html |archivedate=2009-04-14 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="GSint">{{cite web|last=Wen |first=Howard| publisher=[[Gamasutra]]| title=Go With the fl0w: Jenova Chen on Console Independence |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1734/go_with_the_fl0w_jenova_chen_on_.php |accessdate=2011-01-05 |date=2007-01-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807005647/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1734/go_with_the_fl0w_jenova_chen_on_.php |archivedate=2010-08-07 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="CBCint">{{cite web|last=Young|first=Nora |authorlink=Nora Young |title=Full Interview: Jenova Chen |url=http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2009/01/full-interview-jenova-chen/ |publisher=[[CBC Radio One]] |accessdate=2011-01-06 |date=2009-01-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213221451/http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2009/01/full-interview-jenova-chen/ |archivedate=2009-02-13 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="EGjm">{{cite web|last=Parkin |first=Simon |title=Jenova Chen: Journeyman |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-04-02-jenova-chen-journeyman |publisher=[[Eurogamer]] |accessdate=2012-04-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/66esxbHHu?url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-04-02-jenova-chen-journeyman |archivedate=2012-04-03 |date=2012-04-02 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>"

<ref name="GIint">{{cite journal |title=Interview: Redefining Video Games |journal=[[Game Informer]] |date=July 2010 |issue=207 |pages=34 |publisher=[[GameStop]] |issn=1067-6392}}</ref>

<ref name="JSint">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Glen|title=Joystiq interview: Jenova Chen|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2006/09/18/joystiq-qanda-jenova-chen/|publisher=[[Joystiq]] |accessdate=2011-01-05 |date=2006-09-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102012220/http://www.joystiq.com/2006/09/18/joystiq-qanda-jenova-chen/ |archivedate=2009-01-02 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="WIREDpiece">{{cite journal|last=Shamoon|first=Evan|title=Check Out My Flow|journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=July 2006 |volume=14 |issue=7 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.07/play.html?pg=4 |accessdate=2011-01-05 |issn=1059-1028 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326035544/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.07/play.html?pg=4 |archivedate=2010-03-26 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="WSJedito2">{{cite web
|last=Rutkoff
|first=Aaron
|title=How a Grad-School Thesis Theory Evolved Into a PlayStation 3 Game
|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116460570723333343
|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]
|accessdate=2011-01-05
|date=2006-11-28
|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5xAXA302Q?url=http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB116460570723333343-_wOSu3g2II5Vtw_TIMRN2noG0TQ_20061227.html
|archivedate=2011-03-14
|deadurl=no
|df=
}}</ref>

<ref name="SONYflowpsp">{{cite web|url= http://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/02/07/coming-to-psp-go-with-the-flow/|title=Coming to PSP: Go with the flOw |publisher=[[Sony Computer Entertainment]] |accessdate= 2008-02-08 |date=2008-02-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625112514/http://blog.us.playstation.com/2008/02/07/coming-to-psp-go-with-the-flow/ |archivedate=2009-06-25 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="VARIETYpiece">{{cite web|last=Krisner |first=Scott |title=Kellee Santiago and Jenova Chen |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117985047?refCatId=3046 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |accessdate=2011-01-06 |date=2008-05-02 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5xAXDEDGe?url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117985047?refCatId=3046 |archivedate=2011-03-14 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="GAMAdevint">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16414|title=MIGS: First Details On Thatgamecompany's Flower Debut|last=Boyer |first=Brandon |author2=Nutt, Christian |date=2007-11-29 |publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|accessdate=2010-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214121352/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16414 |archivedate=2009-02-14 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="TGCabout">{{cite web|url=http://Thatgamecompany.com/about/|title=Thatgamecompany – About|publisher=[[Thatgamecompany]]|accessdate=2010-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711195005/http://thatgamecompany.com/about/ |archivedate=2010-07-11 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="GAMAdevint2">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24878/GDC_Europe_Thatgamecompanys_Santiago_On_Flowers_Emotional_Search.php|title=GDC Europe: Thatgamecompany's Santiago On Flower's Emotional Search |last=Carless |first=Simon |date=2009-08-19|accessdate=2010-01-05|publisher=[[Gamasutra]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020205028/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24878/GDC_Europe_Thatgamecompanys_Santiago_On_Flowers_Emotional_Search.php |archivedate=2010-10-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="Release">{{cite web |url=http://blog.us.playstation.com/2009/01/19/stop-and-smell-the-flower-on-psn-february-12th/|title=Stop and smell the Flower on PSN February 12th|last=Santiago |first=Kellee |authorlink=Kellee Santiago |publisher=[[Sony]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618060023/http://blog.us.playstation.com/2009/01/19/stop-and-smell-the-flower-on-psn-february-12th/ |archivedate=2009-06-18 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="EXCLAIMint">{{cite web |url=http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid1=130&csid2=807&fid1=36732|title=Petal Power – Flower Seeds the Winds of Change |last=Ostroff |first=Joshua |date=March 2009 |publisher=''[[Exclaim!]]''|accessdate=2010-01-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317235322/http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid1=130&csid2=807&fid1=36732 |archivedate=2009-03-17 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="GAMACHENint">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24442/Develop_2009_Thatgamecompanys_Chen_On_How_Emotion_Can_Evolve_Games.php |title=Develop 2009: Thatgamecompany's Chen On How Emotion Can Evolve Games |last=Kumar |first=Matthew|date=2009-07-15|publisher=[[Gamasutra]]|accessdate=2010-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810013800/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24442/Develop_2009_Thatgamecompanys_Chen_On_How_Emotion_Can_Evolve_Games.php |archivedate=2010-08-10 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="TR35">{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/?year=2008 |title=2008 Young Innovators Under 35 |publisher=[[Technology Review]] |year=2008 |accessdate=2011-08-15 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/60xsxaAxv?url=http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/?year=2008 |archivedate=2011-08-15 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="BAFTA">{{cite web|url=http://www.bafta.org/awards/video-games/nominations-in-2010,1017,BA.html#jump2 |title=Video Games Award Nominations – Video Games – Awards – The BAFTA Site |date=2010-02-16 |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yPe1QRd2?url=http://www.bafta.org/awards/video-games/nominations-in-2010,1017,BA.html |archivedate=2011-05-03 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="GSjourney">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/30901/InDepth_Hunicke_And_Chen_Talk_TGCs_Intriguing_New_Journey.php |title=In-Depth: Hunicke And Chen Talk TGC's Intriguing New Journey|last=Abbott|first=Michael|date=2010-10-11|accessdate=2010-01-05|publisher=[[Gamasutra]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017184621/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/30901/InDepth_Hunicke_And_Chen_Talk_TGCs_Intriguing_New_Journey.php |archivedate=2010-10-17 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="GSPOTjourney">{{cite web|last=VanOrd |first=Kevin |title=Journey Impressions |url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/adventure/journey/news.html?sid=6266636&mode=previews |publisher=[[GameSpot]] |accessdate=2011-01-05 |date=2010-06-17 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yPhusu8F?url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/adventure/journey/news.html?sid=6266636 |archivedate=2011-05-03 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="GSint2">{{cite web |last=Sheffield |first=Brandon |title=Finding A New Way: Jenova Chen And Thatgamecompany |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3648/finding_a_new_way_jenova_chen_and_.php |publisher=[[Gamasutra]] |accessdate=2011-01-06 |date=2008-05-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810112613/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3648/finding_a_new_way_jenova_chen_and_.php |archivedate=2010-08-10 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="GINDint">{{cite web|last=Irwin |first=Mary Jane |title=The Beautiful Game |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/the-beautiful-game |publisher=[[Eurogamer]] |accessdate=2011-01-13 |date=2009-02-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429105251/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/the-beautiful-game |archivedate=2009-04-29 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jenova Chen}}
*[http://www.jenovachen.com Chen's website]
*[http://jenovachen.com/flowingames/thesis.htm Chen's thesis]
*[http://Thatgamecompany.com/ Thatgamecompany's website]

{{Thatgamecompany}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chen, Jenova}}
[[Category:Chinese video game designers]]
[[Category:American video game designers]]
[[Category:Video game developers]]
[[Category:Video game producers]]
[[Category:thatgamecompany]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:People from Shanghai]]
[[Category:Shanghai Jiao Tong University alumni]]
[[Category:Donghua University alumni]]
[[Category:USC Interactive Media & Games Division alumni]]

Jenova Chen

2017-08-12T23:57:38Z

Allenkong11:

Lin Zhao

2017-07-04T14:56:39Z

Allenkong11:

{{for|people with the surname Zhao|Zhao Lin (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Lin Zhao 林昭
|image = LIN_Zhao.jpg
|caption = Lin Zhao, undated photo
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|12|16|df=y}}
|birth_name = Peng Lingzhao
|birth_place = [[Suzhou]], [[Jiangsu Province]], [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1968|4|29|1932|12|16|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Shanghai Longhua Airport|Longhua Airport]], [[Shanghai]], [[China]]
|death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]]
|alma_mater = [[Peking University]]
|parents = Peng Guoxian (彭国彦) Xu Xianmin (许宪民)
|relations = Xu Jinyuan (许金元) (uncle)
}}
{{Chinese name|[[Lin (surname)|Lin]] or [[Peng (surname)|Peng]]}}

'''Lin Zhao''' ({{zh |c = 林昭}}; December 16, 1932 – April 29, 1968), born '''Peng Lingzhao''' (彭令昭), was a prominent [[dissident]] who was imprisoned and later executed by the People's Republic of China during the [[Cultural Revolution]] for her criticism of [[Mao Zedong]]'s policies.

== Early life ==
Peng Lingzhao was born to a prominent family in [[Suzhou]], [[Jiangsu]] province. By age 16, she had already joined an underground [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] cell and was writing articles criticizing the corruption of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Nationalist government]] under the [[pen name]] Lin Zhao. Three months before the Communists took power in mainland China, she ran away from home in order to attend a journalism school run by the Communists. During her tenure, she was assigned to work in a group to administer [[land reforms by country#China|land reform]] in the countryside, where she took an active role in the torture and violent deaths of landlords as justified by the principle of [[class conflict#Marxist perspectives| class struggle]].

== Dissident ==
Lin later enrolled in the [[Chinese literature]] department at [[Peking University]] where she became an outspoken [[dissident]] during the [[Hundred Flowers Movement]] of 1957. During this time, intellectuals such as herself were encouraged to criticize the [[Communist Party of China]], but were later punished for doing so.<ref name="pan">{{Citation | first = Philip P | last = Pan | title = Out of Mao's Shadow | year = 2008 | publisher = Simon & Schuster | ISBN = 1-41653705-8}}.</ref> As punishment, Lin was ordered to perform menial tasks for the university which included killing mosquitoes as part of the [[Four Pests Campaign]] and cataloguing old newspapers for the reference library of the university's journalism department.

In October 1960 while on medical parole in Suzhou, Lin Zhao was arrested along with other dissidents for helping to publish an underground magazine that criticized the Communist Party in reaction to the [[Great Chinese Famine | devastation]] wrought on the Chinese people by the government during the [[Great Leap Forward]]. She was later sentenced to 20 years imprisonment as a political prisoner<ref>{{Citation|first=Jin |last=Zhong |format=[[Portable document format |PDF]] |publisher=HRI China |url=http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/oldsite/PDFs/CRF.3.2004/Cultural_Reviews.pdf |title=In Search of the Soul of Lin Zhao |newspaper=China Rights Forum |number=3 |year=2004 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720004825/http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/oldsite/PDFs/CRF.3.2004/Cultural_Reviews.pdf |archivedate=2012-07-20 |df= }}.</ref> where she was repeatedly beaten and tortured.

Lin was a convert to [[Christianity]], having attended a Christian missionary school before studying at Peking University. As she languished in prison, she became more committed to her faith in addition to increasing her criticism of the Communist Party of China.<ref name="epoch">{{cite web |last = Wickenkamp |first = Carol |title = Chinese Regime Blocks Commemoration of Executed Dissident Lin Zhao |url = http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/30996-chinese-regime-blocks-commemoration-of-executed-dissident-lin-zhao/ |work =The Epoch Times |accessdate = 25 June 2014}}</ref>

While in prison, Lin famously wrote hundreds of pages of critical commentary about [[Mao Zedong]] using hairpins and bamboo slivers with her own blood as ink. In a report dated December 5, 1966, it was recommended that Lin be executed based on "serious crimes" which included, "1. Insanely attacking, cursing, and slandering our great Chinese Communist Party and our great leader Chairman Mao... 2. Regarding the [[Dictatorship of the proletariat|proletarian dictatorship]] and [[Socialism|socialist system]] with extreme hostility and hatred... 3. Publicly shouting [[reactionary]] slogans, disrupting prison order, instigating other prisoners to rebel, and broadcasting threats to take revenge on behalf of executed [[Counter-revolutionary#China|counter-revolutionary]] criminals... 4. Persistently maintaining a reactionary stand, refusing to admit her crimes, resisting discipline and [[Thought reform in the People's Republic of China|education]], and defying reform..."

Lin was [[Execution by shooting|executed by gunshot]] in 1968.<ref name=pan/> Lin's family was made not aware of her death until a Communist Party official approached her mother to collect a five-cent fee for the bullet used to kill her.<ref name="csm">{{cite web |last = Marquand |first = Robert |title = Tiananmen Anniversary: Memory of executed poet resonates |url = http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2009/0501/p06s01-woap.html |publisher=Christian Science Monitor |accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref>

== Rehabilitation ==
In 1981, under the government of [[Deng Xiaoping]], Lin was officially exonerated of her crimes and rehabilitated.<ref name="scmp">{{cite web |last = Boehler |first = Patrick |title = Remembrance of dissident Lin Zhao obstructed on 45th execution anniversary |url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1225885/remembrance-dissident-lin-zhao-obstructed-45th-execution-anniversary |publisher=SCMP |accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref> Despite her rehabilitation, the Chinese government remains reluctant to allow commemoration or discussion of Lin's life and writings. In 2013, on the 45th anniversary of Lin's execution, a number of activists attempted to visit Lin's grave near her hometown of [[Suzhou]] but were restricted by government security officials.<ref name=epoch /><ref name=csm />

== Legacy ==
The story of Lin Zhao's life was obscure and little-known until it was brought to light by documentary filmmaker [[Hu Jie]], whose 2005 documentary ''In Search Of Lin Zhao's Soul'' won numerous awards. She is also featured in several chapters of [[Philip Pan]]'s 2008 book, ''Out of Mao's Shadow''.

Many of her essays, letters, and diaries were preserved by Communist Party officials for possible future use as propaganda. Some time after her death, a police official agreed to risk his own life in order to smuggle many of Lin's writings to her friends and family.<ref name=wapo>{{cite web |last = Pan |first = Philip |title = A Past Written In Blood |url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/02/AR2008070203677_2.html |work = The Washington Post |accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref> Hu Jie was able to acquire some of these writings for use in his documentary. Currently, a collection of her works is being held at the Hoover Institute at [[Stanford University]].<ref name= Stanford>{{cite web| title= Letters and diaries of Chinese political activist Lin Zhao opened |publisher = The Hoover Institution Archives |url = http://www.hoover.org/news/letters-and-diaries-chinese-political-activist-lin-zhao-opened-hoover-institution-archives |accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lin, Zhao}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:1968 deaths]]
[[Category:Peking University alumni]]
[[Category:Chinese dissidents]]
[[Category:Chinese torture victims]]
[[Category:People executed by China by firing squad]]
[[Category:Victims of the Cultural Revolution]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of China]]
[[Category:Writers from Suzhou]]
[[Category:Executed Chinese people]]
[[Category:Executed People's Republic of China people]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by China]]
[[Category:Executed people from Jiangsu]]
[[Category:Executed Chinese women]]
[[Category:Converts to Christianity]]
[[Category:Burials in Suzhou]]

Anbang

2017-06-13T04:36:58Z

Allenkong11:

{{Infobox company
|name = Anbang Insurance Group
|native_name = 安邦保险集团
|logo =
|type = [[Privately held company|private]]
|traded_as　　　　=
|founder =
|area_served = [[People's Republic of China]]
|key_people = [[Wu Xiaohui]], [[CEO]]
|industry = [[Financial services]]
|genre =
|products = Diversified [[Insurance]]
|services =
| revenue =
|net_income =
| assets =
|owner =
|num_employees =
|parent =
|divisions =
|subsid =
|slogan =
|homepage = http://www.anbanggroup.com/abic/english/
|foundation = {{start date and age|2004}}
|location_city = [[Beijing]]
|location_country= [[China]]
|location =
|origins =
}}

'''Anbang Insurance Group''' ({{zh|s=安邦保险|p=Ānbāng bǎoxiǎn}}) is a Chinese [[holding company]] whose subsidiaries mainly deal with [[insurance]], [[banking]], and [[financial services]]. The company was founded in 2004 as a regionally based property insurance business with its headquarters in [[Beijing]]. Its founding shareholders included state-owned car maker [[SAIC Motor|Shanghai Automotive Industries Corp]]., which held a 20% stake. In 2005 state-owned oil company [[Sinopec]] bought a 20% share.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chinese-insurer-has-global-ambitions-6890559.php|title=Chinese insurer has global ambitions|website=SFGate|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>

As of February 2015, the company had assets worth more than {{yuan|800 billion}} (US$123 billion).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Massoudi|first1=Arash|title=Anbang — the acquisitive insurer with ties to Deng Xiaoping|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/238a75f2-e9e1-11e5-bb79-2303682345c8.html#axzz42pSA2v7b|accessdate=15 March 2016|publisher=Financial Times|date=14 March 2016}}</ref> The [[Financial Times]] has described Anbang as "one of China’s most politically connected companies."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/fd6b524a-e92e-11e5-888e-2eadd5fbc4a4,Authorised=false.html|title=China’s Anbang agrees $6.5bn hotel deal with Blackstone|last=Massoudi|first=Arash|date=2016-03-13|last2=Fontanella-Khan|first2=James|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref>

Anbang Insurance has more than 30,000 employees in China and is engaged in offering various kinds of insurance and financial products.<ref name=wsj>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2016/03/14/what-is-anbang-insurance-the-short-answer/|title=WSJ: What is Anbang Insurance?|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Wall Street Journal|access-date=October 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://next.ft.com/content/05427628-48a3-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab|title=Financial Times: New wealth management products power Anbang and rivals|last=Weinland|first=Don|date=July 17, 2016|work=|access-date=July 18, 2016|via=}}</ref>

==Overseas acquisitions==
The company holds a geographically diversified portfolio of assets in financial services real estate and lodging.

*In 2014, Anbang Insurance acquired Belgium insurer, FIDEA Assurances.
*In 2014, Anbang Insurance purchased the [[Waldorf Astoria New York]] hotel from [[The Blackstone Group|Blackstone]] for nearly US$2 billion.
*In 2015 Anbang purchased Dutch insurer [[:nl:VIVAT|Vivat]] from the Dutch state. They paid €150m outright, and agreed to infuse between €770m and €1bn in fresh capital, and to take on €550m of debt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://next.ft.com/content/501e0f2e-b5cc-11e4-b58d-00144feab7de|title=New York Waldorf hotel’s owner Anbang buys Dutch insurer Vivat - FT.com|website=Financial Times|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>
*In 2015 Anbang paid US$1 billion for a 57.5% stake in South Korea’s [[Tongyang Group|Tongyang Life]], an insurance company, in what was reported to be the first direct investment in a South Korean financial institution by a mainland China entity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/350c1bbc-b677-11e4-a5f2-00144feab7de,Authorised=false.html|title=China’s Anbang steps up buying spree with $1bn Tongyang deal|last=Mundy|first=Simon|date=2015-02-17|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>
*In November 2015, Anbang announced that it would buy Iowa-based insurer [[Fidelity & Guaranty Life]] for about $1.57 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/fidelityguaranty-ma-anbang-idUSL2N16N1U4|title=China's Anbang wins CFIUS approval to buy Fidelity & Guaranty Life|date=2016-03-15|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-03-17}}</ref>
*In March 2016, Blackstone agreed to a further US$6.5 billion sale of 16 landmark US hotels owned by the [[Strategic Hotels & Resorts]] [[Real estate investment trust|REIT]], including the historic [[Hotel del Coronado]] near [[San Diego]], the [[Westin St. Francis]] in [[San Francisco]], several [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts|Four Seasons]] resorts, and Manhattan's [[JW Marriott Essex House]] hotel.<ref name=wsj/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Yu|first1=Hui-Yong|title=Blackstone Said to Sell Hotels to Anbang for $6.5 Billion|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-12/blackstone-said-selling-strategic-hotels-to-anbang-for-6-5-bln|publisher=Bloomberg Business|date=13 March 2016}}</ref>
*In April 2016, Anbang purchased [[Allianz]]’s South Korea operations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-anbang-to-buy-allianzs-korean-operations-days-after-dropping-starwood-bid-1459928432|title=China’s Anbang to Buy Allianz’s Korean Operations After Dropping Starwood Bid|last=Wu|first=Kane|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/abfab516-fbfa-11e5-b3f6-11d5706b613b,Authorised=false.htmlp|title=Anbang to acquire Allianz’s South Korea operations|last=Ralph|first=Oliver|date=2016-04-06|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|access-date=2016-04-08}}</ref>
{{Anchor|Retirement Concepts}}
*In November 2016, the [[Globe&Mail]] reported that Anbang is buying a stake in Retirement Concepts, a [[Canada|Canadian]] company with 24 retirement homes in [[British Columbia]], [[Calgary]] and [[Montreal]]. Anbang must obtain approval from the [[Canadian government]] to close the deal.<ref>http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/chinese-company-anbang-buys-stake-in-bc-based-retirement-home-chain/article33065536/</ref>

Anbang has also made large-scale bids that did not culminate in a transaction. On March 14, 2016, a consortium led by Anbang made a US$14 Billion offer for [[Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20160314/REAL_ESTATE/160319949/starwood-receives-nearly-14-billion-buyout-bid-from-chinese-group|title=Starwood receives nearly $14 billion buyout bid from Chinese group|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Other members of the consortium included [[J.C. Flowers & Co.|J.C. Flowers & Co]] and Primavera Capital Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/elyrazin/2016/03/14/anbang-insurance-the-chinese-company-you-never-heard-of-thats-trying-to-take-over-u-s-hotels/#6565dc082e33|title=Anbang Insurance: The Chinese Company You Never Heard Of That's Trying To Take Over U.S. Hotels|website=Forbes|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skift.com/2016/03/14/new-starwood-takeover-bid-the-players-behind-the-14-billion-offer/|title=New Starwood Takeover Bid: The Players Behind the $14 Billion Offer|last=Ting|first=Deanna|last2=14|first2=Skift-Mar|website=Skift|access-date=2016-03-16|last3=Pm|first3=2016 4:00}}</ref> The latter is headed by Fred Hu, the former Chairman of Greater China at [[Goldman Sachs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.primavera-capital.com/en/page/partners/|title=Primavera Capital Group|website=www.primavera-capital.com|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/starwood-receives-unsolicited-offer-complicating-tie-up-with-marriott-1457954245|title=Starwood Gets Offer From Group Led by Anbang, Threatening Marriott Deal|last=Carew|first=Rick|last2=Steinberg|first2=Julie|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|last3=Jamerson|first3=Joshua|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref> The bid was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/30e22a92-fb07-11e5-8f41-df5bda8beb40,Authorised=false.html|title=Inside the deal: How Anbang’s chairman Wu nearly landed Starwood|last=Sender|first=Henny|date=2016-04-05|last2=Massoudi|first2=Arash|newspaper=Financial Times|issn=0307-1766|last3=Weinland|first3=Don|access-date=2016-04-08}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official|http://www.anbanggroup.com/abic/english/}}

{{Insurance industry in China}}

[[Category:Insurance companies of China]]
[[Category:Financial services companies of China]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of China]]
[[Category:Companies established in 2004]]
[[Category:Companies based in Beijing]]

Yu Jie

2017-03-24T03:20:57Z

Allenkong11:

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox writer 
|name = Yu Jie
|image = Yu Jie from VOA.jpg
|imagesize = 200px
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|10|3|mf=y}}
|birth_place = [[Chengdu]], [[Sichuan]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|occupation = novelist, critic, essayist
|nationality = [[Mongols in China]]
|period = 1998 - Present
|notableworks = ''Fire and Ice'' (1999) ''[[China's Best Actor: Wen Jiabao]]'' (2010)
|influences = [[Calvinism]]
|influenced =
|website =
|awards = [[Civil Courage Prize]] (2012)
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|order=
|showflag=
|s=余杰
|p=Yú Jĭe
}}
{{Contains Chinese text}}

{{Chinese name|[[Yu (Chinese surname)|Yu]]}}

'''Yu Jie''' ({{zh|c=余杰}}), is a Chinese writer and democracy activist. The bestselling author of more than 30 books, Yu was described by the ''[[New York Review of Books]]'' in 2012 as "one of China's most prominent essayists and critics".<ref name=NYRB />

Yu Jie is also active in the [[Chinese dissident]] movement, and was arrested and allegedly tortured in 2010 for his friendship with [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate [[Liu Xiaobo]] and a critical biography of Prime Minister [[Wen Jiabao]] titled ''[[China's Best Actor: Wen Jiabao|China's Best Actor]]''. Following more than a year of house arrest, Yu emigrated to the US with his family in January 2012. Later that year, he was awarded the [[Civil Courage Prize]] of the [[Train Foundation]].

==Early writing career==
Originally from [[Chengdu]], Yu attended [[Peking University]] and majored in modern [[Chinese literature]].<ref name=NYTWong2 />

His first book, ''Fire and Ice'', included extensive political and social criticism. Upon its 1999 publication, Yu became a "literary sensation". In the same year, he met and befriended democracy activist [[Liu Xiaobo]], and became active in the [[Chinese dissident]] movement. As part of his work with Liu, he read and commented on drafts of the democracy manifesto [[Charter 08]]<ref name=NYTWong2 /> and helped found the Independent [[International PEN|PEN Center]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10529329 |title=China threatens dissident writer Yu Jie with prison |date=July 6, 2010 |publisher=BBC News|deadurl=no |archivedate=September 10, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa8nQjOh |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref>

Yu became a bestselling author in China<ref name=NYTWines /> and as of 2012, had written more than 30 books.<ref name=NYRB>{{cite web |url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/jul/14/china-fault-lines-yu-jie-liu-xiaobo/ |title=China's 'Fault Lines': Yu Jie on His New Biography of Liu Xiaobo |author=Ian Johnson |date=July 14, 2012 |work=The New York Review of Books|deadurl=no |archivedate=September 10, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa73XsVD |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref> However, his criticisms of the government eventually caused his works to be banned in mainland China.<ref name=NYTWines>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/world/asia/07china.html?pagewanted=all |title=China Seeks to Halt Book That Faults Its Prime Minister |author=Michael Wines |date=July 6, 2010 |work=The New York Times|deadurl=no |archivedate=September 10, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa5cm0pE |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref>

In 2004, Yu published the piece "Apologies to Tibet" (向西藏忏悔) on [[boxun.com]], which expressed regret for China's rule of Tibet and praised the efforts of [[Palden Gyatso]], a pro-independence monk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/pubvp/2004/06/200406252141.shtml|title=向西藏忏悔|author=余杰|date=June 25, 2004}}</ref> His piece was criticized by Chinese netizens and he was heckled by overseas students in [[Los Angeles]] for attacking "national unity", but he dismissed these critics as angry brainwashed youth. Yu Jie also promotes [[China-Japan relations|reconciliation with Japan]], the [[US invasion of Iraq]], and [[religious freedom in China]] for Christians, after converting to Christianity himself.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reign of Terror on the Tibetan Plateau|first=Jie|last=Yu|year=2008|journal=[[China Perspectives]]|number=1|pages=104–108}}</ref>

==2010 arrest==
Yu was detained by security officials in July 2010 to discuss his upcoming book ''[[China's Best Actor: Wen Jiabao]]'', "a scathing critique" of China's [[Wen Jiabao|prime minister]] that Yu intended to publish in [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=NYTWines /><ref name=NYTWong /> The book argued that Wen's warm, empathic public persona was simply a facade, and that he shared the same goals of other Chinese leaders.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-10983310 |title=Book critical of Chinese PM Wen Jiabao goes on sale |date=August 16, 2010 |publisher=BBC News |archivedate=September 10, 2012 |deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa81MUUO |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref> According to Yu, one official stated that his book was "harming state security and the national interest", and if it were published, Yu would probably be imprisoned "for many years".<ref name=NYTWines /> Yu nonetheless proceeded with publication of the book in August.<ref name=BBC />

On October 8, 2010, Yu's good friend [[Liu Xiaobo]] was named the winner of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. On October 13, Yu was placed under house arrest, allegedly for his plans to write a biography of Liu as well as for having proceeded with the publication of ''China's Best Actor''.<ref name=NYTWong /> He later wrote that during this period, "I was tortured by the country’s secret police and nearly lost my life".<ref name=WP2>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-myth-of-china-as-a-harmless-tiger/2012/02/10/gIQAb7DxBR_story.html |title=The myth of China as a harmless tiger |author=Yu Jie |date=February 13, 2012 |work=The Washington Post |archivedate=September 10, 2012|deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa4IvTkf |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref> According to Yu, he was stripped naked, burned with cigarettes, and beaten until he was hospitalized.<ref name=WP>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/chinese-dissident-details-alleged-torture/2012/01/18/gIQAuDIJ9P_story.html |title=Chinese dissident details alleged torture |author=William Wan |date=January 18, 2012 |work=The Washington Post |archivedate=September 10, 2012 |deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa4cvZva |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref>

His house arrest, and a concomitant travel ban, lasted until January 2012, at which point he and his family emigrated to the US.<ref name=NYTWong>{{cite news|title=China: Dissident Author Flees to U.S.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/19/world/asia/china-dissident-author-flees-to-us.html|accessdate=January 19, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 18, 2012|author=Edward Wong}}</ref> Following his emigration, he submitted a nine-page report detailing his alleged torture to the [[US State Department]] and the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]]. He stated that he was continuing to write Liu's biography, and was also at work on a new biography of Chinese president Hu Jintao titled "Hu Jintao: Cold-Blooded Tyrant".<ref name=WP />

==Personal life==
Yu has a wife, Liu Min, and one son, Yu Guangyi.<ref name=NYTWong2>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/asia/yu-jie-dissident-chinese-writer-continues-his-work-in-us.html?pagewanted=all |title=From Virginia Suburb, a Dissident Chinese Writer Continues His Mission |author=Edward Wong |date=February 25, 2012 |work=The New York Times|deadurl=no |archivedate=September 10, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Aa673CxU |accessdate=September 10, 2012}}</ref> He converted to Christianity in 2003,<ref name=NYTWong2 /> and in China was a member of a [[Chinese house church|house church]].<ref name=WP2 />

==Awards and honors==
In 2012, Yu was named the winner of the 2012 [[Civil Courage Prize]] of the US-based [[Train Foundation]].<ref name=CCP2012 /> The prize recognizes "steadfast resistance to evil at great personal risk — rather than military valor."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civilcourageprize.org/index.htm |title=Civil Courage Prize |year=2012 |publisher=Civil Courage Prize|deadurl=no |archivedate=August 11, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/69qPLl2L5 |accessdate=August 10, 2012}}</ref> The prize comes with a $50,000 honorarium. He was the first Chinese person to win the award, and he stated that he hoped the prize would encourage China's dissidents.<ref name=CCP2012>{{cite web |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/ShowNews/WebNews_Detail.aspx?Type=aALL&ID=201207170029 |title=Chinese dissident writer wins Civil Courage Prize |date=July 17, 2012 |author=Hsiao Boa-hsiang and Sofia Wu |publisher=FocusTaiwan |archivedate=August 11, 2012 |deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/69qQ75RKq |accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>

==Main works==
*''Fire and Ice'' (1998), Economy Daily Press, China.
*''Screams within Iron House'' (1998), Chinese Industry & Commerce Syndicate Press.
*''Fire and Ice'' (1999), ([[Hong Kong]] edition), Cosmos Books.<ref>"Fire and Ice ({{zh|火与冰}})"[http://www.cosmosbooks.com.hk/], 2010. {{zh icon}}</ref>
*''To Say, or not to Say'' (1999), Culture and Art Publishing House.<ref>"To say, or Not To say ({{zh|说，还是不说}}"[http://www.cosmosbooks.com.hk/], 2010. {{zh icon}}</ref>
*''Awkward Times'' (1999), YueLu Publishing House.<ref>"Awkward Times ({{zh|尴尬时代}})"[http://www.yueluhistory.com/modAmple/index.htm], 2010. {{zh icon}}</ref>
*''Civilization Pain'' (1999), (Self Anthology), Bai Hua Publishing House.<ref>"Civilization Pain ({{zh|文明的创痛}})"[http://www.bhpubl.com.cn/], 2010. {{zh icon}}</ref>
*''Fly the Wings'' (2000), China Film Publishing House.
*''The Road of Wandering Hero - The Mind History of the Transformation Intellectuals in our times'' (2009), Taiwan Linking Publishing Co.
*''[[China's Best Actor: Wen Jiabao]]'' (2010), New Century Publishing Co.<ref name="voa">{{cite web|url=http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/china/20100706-Yu-Jie-Insists-Publishing-His-New-Book-97845764.html|title=异议作家余杰：按原计划出版新书(China dissident writer Yu Jie: according to the original plan to publish his new book)|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|date=July 6, 2010|accessdate=October 1, 2010|language=zh}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Yu Jie}}
{{Civil Courage Prize laureates}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu, Jie}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Charter 08 signatories]]
[[Category:Chinese Christians]]
[[Category:Chinese dissidents]]
[[Category:Chinese political writers]]
[[Category:Chinese people of Mongolian descent]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China essayists]]
[[Category:Chinese human rights activists]]
[[Category:Peking University alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Chengdu]]
[[Category:Chinese biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century biographers]]
[[Category:21st-century biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century essayists]]

Chen Pokong

2017-03-24T03:19:33Z

Allenkong11:

{{Chinese name|[[Chen (surname)|Chen]]}}
{{Infobox person
|name =Chen Pokong {{zh|c=陳破空}}
|image = cpknym300s.jpg
|image_size = 300
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date ={{birth year and age|1963|12}}
|birth_place = Santai, [[Sichuan]], China
|death_date =
|death_place =
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|residence =United States
|country_of_origin = China
|other_names = Chen Jinsong (birth name)
|known_for = Chinese political and current affairs commentary
|education = Hunan University, Sun Yat-set University, Tongji University, [[Columbia University]]
|employer =
|occupation = Author, commentator
|footnotes =
}}
'''Chen Pokong''' (born 20 December 1963) is the pen name of '''Chen Jinsong''', a Chinese author and political commentator based in the United States. Born in Sichuan Province, Santai County, Chen is a graduate of Hunan University and Tongji University in China, and Columbia University. As a postgraduate student in 1985, he submitted a joint letter calling for political reform to former Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang.

In 1989, he initiated, organized and participated in a student movement in Guangzhou, and also established a "democracy salon" in Sun Yat-sen University in January. On April 22, 1989, he joined Chen Wei, Yu Shiwen and other student leaders in launching a democracy movement in Guangzhou Province in support of the student protests in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. He was arrested for his activism and spent the years between 1989 and 1993 in prison and forced labor. In 1994, he furnished evidence to the United Nations and other international bodies that China was exporting goods produced in labor camps for sale, a contravention of international law and a breach of human rights. Chen came to the United States in 1996, where he attended Columbia University as a visiting scholar and later obtained a master's degree.

In the U.S., Chen Pokong regularly appears as an analyst on Chinese current affair programs, including [[Voice of America]], [[Radio Free Asia]], [[New Tang Dynasty Television]], BBC Chinese, and others.<ref>Chen Pokong's appearances in [http://www.voachinese.com/search/?st=comments&k=%E9%99%B3%E7%A0%B4%E7%A9%BA&ob=rel#comments Voice of America, Chinese edition]. Accessed June 30, 2013</ref> He frequently writes political columns for Radio Free Asia, Hong Kong's Open Magazine, and other publications. He is also an author of several books on Chinese political culture, including "The Unwelcome Chinese," “A Hundred Points of Common Sense on China," "A Thick Black Theory of Zhongnanhai," and others. In 2007, Chen was awarded the "Prominent News and Culture Award."<ref>Chen Pokong biography and commentary, [http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/chenpokong Radio Free Asia]. Accessed June 30, 2013</ref> He currently resides in New York City.

==Biography==
Chen Pokong was an assistant professor of economics at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, when the 1989 pro-democracy demonstrations began in China. He co-organized the protests and was arrested in 1989. After nearly five years in prison on two separate occasions, Chen was exiled to the United States in 1996. There, he became a visiting scholar at Columbia University, and then obtained MPA from there. Chen later built a career in the United States as a principal of a business school located in Manhattan, New York.

At the same time, he has been writing for Chinese pro-reform or pro-democracy publications, As a talented writer, he has published a number of influential books in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan:

Power Struggle behind Red Wall, 2014,[http://www.gentosha-r.com/products/9784779061073/]; Japan, US and China, Coming War in Asia, 2014 [http://books.bunshun.jp/ud/book/num/9784166609765];Inside Story of Red Paper Tiger, 2013 [http://www.fusosha.co.jp/books/detail/3857]; If U.S., Japan, and China Go to War, 2013 [http://2-floor.dyndns.org/item_detail.php?pro_id=678595]; Zhongnanhai's Thick Black Theory, 2010,[http://www.hkbookcity.com/showbook2.php?serial_no=202876]; One hundred points of common sense about China,2007,[http://www.bannedbook.org/forum2/topic19.html].

As a prominent critic and writer, Chen has been writing and speaking on a number of media, including [[Radio Free Asia]], [[Voice of America]], [[Hong Kong Open Magazine]], [[Beijing Spring]],<ref>Beijing Spring, [http://bjzc.org/en/ Brief of No. 198], November 2009. Accessed June 31, 2013</ref> and others; speaking at news conferences,<ref>Getty Images, [http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/activist-chen-pokong-speaks-during-a-news-conference-held-news-photo/88202421 Activist Chen Pokong speaks during a news conference], June 4, 2009</ref><ref>Human Rights in China, [http://www.hrichina.org/content/2797 17 prominent Chinese dissidents living in exile in the U.S. - demand the right to return to China], October 12, 1997</ref> panel discussions,<ref>International Tibet Network, [http://tibetnetwork.org/node/682 Implications of the Gongmeng Report on Tibet]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, June 25, 2009. Accessed June 31, 2013</ref> and other events;<ref>PEN America, [http://www.pen.org/video/bringing-down-great-firewall-china-chen-pokong Bringing Down The Great Firewall Of China - Chen Pokong], 2008. Accessed June 31, 2013</ref> writing books;<ref name="Zhongnan hai hou hei xue">Chen Pokong, [http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDM2644534&R=2644534 Zhongnan hai hou hei xue], Xianggang: Kai fang chu ban she, 2009</ref> and offering commentary to media.<ref name=taipeitimes>Tzou Jing-wen, [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/23/2003426687 INTERVIEW: Chinese dissident urges caution on cross-strait ties], October 23, 2008. Accessed June 30, 2013</ref><ref>Louisa Lim, "[http://www.npr.org/2012/09/14/161130008/absence-of-chinese-leader-could-spell-political-trouble China Leader's Absence Could Spell Political Trouble]", National Public Radio, September 14, 2012. Accessed June 31, 2013</ref><ref>Matthew Robertson, "[http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/124980-in-shift-snowden-now-said-to-reveal-us-monitoring-of-china/ In Shift, Snowden Now Said to Reveal US Monitoring of China]," Epoch Times, June 23, 2013. Accessed June 31, 2013</ref>

Topics of Chen's analysis include a range of contemporary topics involving the People's Republic of China and its political system, including: democracy, freedom of speech, instability, corruption, economic affairs, military affairs, foreign relations, [[Cross-Strait relations|cross-Strait affairs]], political reform, and strategic affairs.

==Prison time==
Chen Pokong was sent to prison or forced labor on two occasions:
*In August 1989 he was arrested for his involvement in democracy activities, and charged in February 1990 with "carrying out counter-revolutionary propaganda and incitement." On March 1, 1991, he was sentenced to three years in prison by the Guangzhou City Intermediate People's Court.
*In October 1993 Chen was sentenced to re-education through forced labor for three years under the charges of "illegally crossing state borders," a sentence that was carried out without a trial, as is custom with the re-education through forced labor system in China.<ref name=aichen>Amnesty International, [https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/038/1994/es/fa100a0d-f8bf-11dd-b40d-7b25bb27e189/asa170381994en.pdf Chen Pokong (30) and other prisoners at Guangzhou No. 1 Reeducation-Through-Labour CenterAmnesty International information note on Chen Pokong], 7 December 1994, accessed June 31, 2013</ref>

Chen had resumed political activities after his release from prison in July 1992, and was wanted by the government by 1993. He fled to Hong Kong and applied for political asylum, but was rejected. After being repatriated he was sent to forced labor.<ref name=aichen/>

In a letter to the international community in 1994, Chen alleged that prisoners in the Guangzhou No. 1 Reeducation-Through-Labor-Center were often beaten and "subjected to conditions which amount to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment." Chen had the letter was smuggled out of the camp in the latter half of 1994, when it was reported on by international human rights groups. He said that production quotas force prisoners to work over 14 hours a day, 7 days a week, with only 3 days of holiday per year. Heavy labor is done during the daytime, including transporting and loading stones from a quarry to a boat. At night, prisoners were forced to make artificial flowers for export, according to Chen's letter. The food supplied by camp authorities was often insufficient and consisted of "coarse rice and rotten vegetables," according to Amnesty International.

Part of Chen's letter said: "Inmates who labour slightly slower are brutally beaten and misused by supervisors and team leaders (themselves inmates). Inmates are often beaten until they are blood-stained all over, collapse or lose consciousness (shortly before I was sent here, one inmate was beaten to death.)... Many inmates, including myself, their hands and feet squashed by big stones, stained with blood and pus, have to labour as usual. As a consequence, many inmates were crippled for life."<ref name=aichen/> In his letter, he said the Guangdong No. 1 Reform Through Labor, Quarry 1, Company 9 in Chini Town, Hua County, Guangdong was the "most vicious," and that he was sent there so the Guangdong authorities could "vent their bitter hatred on me."<ref name=chenletter/>

In a House Congressional testimony on the subject of Chinese forced labor, Nancy Pelosi characterized Chen's letter as "a compelling appeal for help, relating the terrible tale of ill treatment and slave labor" in Chinese prison camps.<ref name=chenletter>[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1994-10-05/html/CREC-1994-10-05-pt1-PgH81.htm Full text of Chen Pokong's letter], submitted by Nancy Pelosi, Congressional Record Volume 140, Number 143 (Wednesday, October 5, 1994), House, Chinese Forced Labor.</ref> Chen was reportedly the first person to provide the United Nations with evidence that the Chinese government and its agencies used forced labor to manufacture products for sale overseas.<ref name=taipeitimes/>

==Publications==
Books, monographs, and studies which Chen has authored or contributed authorship of include:
*''If the U.S. and China Go to War: The Battle of the Senkakus'' 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title = If the US and China Go to War|url = http://nationalinterest.org/feature/if-the-us-china-go-war-the-battle-the-senkakus-16380?page=1|website = The National Interest|access-date = 2016-05-27}}</ref>
*''If the U.S. and China Go to War: This is How a Bloody U.S.-China War Could Start'' 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title = If the US and China Go to War|url = http://nationalinterest.org/feature/how-bloody-us-china-war-could-start-16383|website = The National Interest|access-date = 2016-05-28}}</ref>
*''100 Basic Facts about China,'' 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 博大出版社|url = http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010712104|website = 博客來|access-date = 2016-04-13}}</ref>
*''All over the World Do Not Know Chinese,'' 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 全世界都不了解中國人|url = http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010695043?loc=P_002_012|website = 博客來|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''The Unwelcome Chinese,'' 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 田園書屋|url = http://www.greenfieldbookstore.com.hk/index.php/books?task=view&id=327&catid=3|website = www.greenfieldbookstore.com.hk|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Power Struggle behind Red Wall,'' 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 赤い中国の黒い権力者たち｜幻冬舎ルネッサンス|url = http://www.gentosha-r.com/products/9784779061073/|website = www.gentosha-r.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Japan, US and China, Coming War in Asia,'' 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 文春新書『日米中アジア開戦』陳破空山田智美訳 {{!}} 新書 - 文藝春秋BOOKS|url = http://books.bunshun.jp/ud/book/num/9784166609765|website = 文藝春秋BOOKS|access-date = 2016-01-19|language = ja-JP}}</ref>
*''Inside Story of Red Paper Tiger,'' 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 赤い中国消滅{{!}}書籍詳細{{!}}扶桑社|url = http://www.fusosha.co.jp/books/detail/3857|website = www.fusosha.co.jp|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''If U.S.and China Go to War,'' 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 香港二樓書店 > 假如中美開戰：二十一世紀的戰爭|url = http://2-floor.dyndns.org/item_detail.php?pro_id=678595|website = 2-floor.dyndns.org|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Zhongnanhai's Thick Black Theory,''(aka ''Machiavelli in Beijing'') 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 中南海厚黑學 - 香港書城網上書店 Hong Kong Book City|url = http://www.hkbookcity.com/showbook2.php?serial_no=202876|website = www.hkbookcity.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''One hundred points of common sense about China''2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 《关于中国的一百个常识》 - 禁书网|url = http://www.bannedbook.org/forum2/topic19.html|website = www.bannedbook.org|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''China’s economy: prosperity under a shadow''
*''Toward the Republic: A Not-So Distant Mirror,'' 2003.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.hrichina.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/CRF.4.2003/b7_pokong4.2003.pdf|title = Toward the Republic: A Not-So Distant Mirror|last = Chen|first = Pokong|date = October 2003|journal = Human Rights in China|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }}</ref>
*''Selective anticorruption in China,'' 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/print/2014/01/28/2003582304|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Selective anticorruption in China,'' 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Selective anticorruption in China - Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2014/01/28/2003582304/2|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''China’s expansion, risky trajectory,'' 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title = China’s expansion, risky trajectory - Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2013/12/23/2003579609|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Strong chain to contain dictatorship,'' 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Strong chain to contain dictatorship - Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2013/11/09/2003576454|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Activist pessimistic on reform in China,'' 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Activist pessimistic on reform in China - Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/11/25/2003548566|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Chinese dissident urges Taiwan to push democracy Tiger,'' 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chinese dissident urges Taiwan to push democracy - Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/11/23/2003548406|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''IDissidents warn ‘Beijing Model’ could harm Taiwan,'' 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Dissidents warn ‘Beijing Model’ could harm Taiwan - Taipei Times|url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2010/01/31/2003464854|website = www.taipeitimes.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''A Non-governmental White Paper on the June Fourth Massacre,'' 2009 (co-author).<ref>Feiyang Bookhouse, [https://sites.google.com/site/feiyangbookhouse/english A Non-governmental White Paper on the June Fourth Massacre, 2009]</ref>
*''Chen Pokong Info''.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Chen Pokong {{!}} Radio Free Asia {{!}} ZoomInfo.com|url = http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Chen-Pokong/1370994458|website = ZoomInfo|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>
*''Book Review on The Unwelcome Chinese'' 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Unwelcome Chinese - by Tienchi Martin-Liao|url = http://www.sampsoniaway.org/fearless-ink/2016/10/28/the-unwelcome-chinese/|website = http://www.sampsoniaway.org/|access-date = 2016-10-28}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Chinese democracy movement]]
*[[List of Chinese dissidents]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chinese political writers]]

Lucy Peng

2017-03-06T07:29:37Z

Allenkong11:

{{Orphan|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peng Lei (Lucy Peng)
| image =
| native_name = 彭蕾
| birth_date =
| birth_place =Hanzhou, China
| residence =
| nationality = [[China|Chinese]]
| other_names =
| alma_mater =Zhejiang Gongshang University
| occupation = Co Founder & CEO of Ant Financial, Chief People Officer of Alibaba
| salary =
| spouse = Sun Tongyu
| children =
| ancestry =
| networth = US$930 million (2015)
}}

'''Peng Lei''' (also '''Lucy Peng'''; {{zh|t=彭蕾}}<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Peng Lei, the frontrunner for Alibaba's next CEO|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130117000116&cid=1602|newspaper=Want China Times|date=17 January 2013}}</ref>) is a Chinese businessperson. She is one of the founders of the Chinese e-commerce [[business group]] [[Alibaba Group]].

==Career==
Peng earned a degree in business administration in 1994 from Hangzhou Institute of Commerce of [[Zhejiang Gongshang University]]. Following her graduation, she taught at the Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics for five years.<ref name=":0" /> Peng quit teaching shortly after marrying, and with her husband (who would later run [[Taobao]], Alibaba's eBay reminiscent marketplace) joined [[Jack Ma]] in founding Alibaba in September 1999.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> They were one of the many husband and wife teams making up the 1/3rd ratio of women amongst Alibaba's founding partners that the company would later become positively praised for.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qz.com/207398/the-gender-diversity-among-alibabas-founders-puts-silicon-valley-to-shame/#/|title=Alibaba’s gender diversity puts Silicon Valley to shame|last=Timmons|first=Heather|date=8 May 2014|website=Quartz|publisher=Quartz|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Her early responsibilities with the company involved managing the [[Human Resources|HR department]] of Alibaba, which she herself created. During this period, one of her notable accomplishments is developing the "mom and pop" model at Alibaba, in which one "mom" focused on teamwork and motivation, while one "pop" handled performance assessments.<ref name=":3" />

From January 2010 to February 2013, Peng was the CEO of [[Ant Financial Services Group|Alipay]]. Alipay became the most successful payment gateway within China under her management, expanding to over 800 million users as of 2014. As of the end of 2014, it was valued at around $60 billion.

In March 2013, Peng took over as CEO of Alibaba Small and Micro Financial Services.<ref name=":2" /> There, she made significant progress in searching for innovations in the mobile payments system.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile.html|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|date=October 16, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg}}</ref>

In 2013, Peng's name was frequently floated by the Chinese press as a candidate for Alibaba's next [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]. However, another executive eventually got the job.<ref name=":3" />

In 2014, Peng founded [[Ant Financial Services Group|Ant Financial Services]] in order to support small businesses. In September 2015, Alibaba and Ant Financial together took a combined 40% stake in Indian mobile wallet operator [[Paytm]], placing Peng as a member of its board of directors<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/pictures/fdgk45jklj/lucy-peng-43-china/#2440af87a005|title=Asia Power Women 2016|last=Scott|first=Mary E.|date=6 April 2016|website=Forbes Asia|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In 2016, Ant Financial broke the record for the world's largest private fundraising found for an internet company at $4.5 billion, placing the company at an approximately $60 billion valuation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-affiliate-ant-financial-raises-4-5-billion-in-largest-private-tech-funding-round-globally-1461642246|title=Alibaba Affiliate Ant Financial Raises $4.5 Billion in Largest Private Tech Funding Round|last=Wu|first=Kane|date=25 April 2016|website=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

She also served as Chief People Officer, the chief human resources officer for Alibaba Group for over 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-10-16/alibaba-financial-arm-to-boost-apps-as-china-net-users-go-mobile|title=Alibaba Financial Arm to Boost Apps as China Net Users Go Mobile|last=|first=|date=16 October 2016|website=Bloomberg Technology|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> In this position, she oversaw the approximately 35,000 employees under Alibaba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/most-powerful-women-asia-pacific/lucy-peng-11/|title=MPW Asia 2014|last=|first=|date=|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

Peng became a billionaire in 2014 upon Alibaba's valuation prior to its record setting [[Initial public offering|IPO]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/people/others/1504/2389-1.htm|title=Top 5 Richest Women in World's Tech Sector|last=Wu|first=Amanda|date=22 April 2015|website=Women of China|publisher=Women of China|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Three years after she began teaching, Peng married Sun Tongyu. She later divorced him for a short period, but then remarried him again.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/alibaba-co-founder-peng-lei-set-to-join-paytm-board-115011900031_1.html|title=Alibaba co-founder Peng Lei set to join Paytm board|last=Mitra|first=Sounak|date=19 January 2015|website=Business Standard|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

Porter Erisman, in his 2012 documentary Crocodile in the Yangtze about Alibaba's early years, described Peng as "a funny and down-to-earth" leader.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/17/wu-peng-alibabas-dynamic-duo/|title=Alibaba's Maggie Wu and Lucy Peng: The dynamic duo behind the IPO|last=Cendrowski|first=Scott|date=17 September 2014|website=Fortune|publisher=Fortune|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref>

==Accomplishments==
As of 2016, Peng was listed as the 35th most powerful woman in the world by ''Forbes'', #35 on their list of Power Women for 2016, and #17 on their list of Asia Power Women for 2016.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/lucy-peng/|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|last=|first=|date=|website=Forbes|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, she was ranked as the third richest woman in the tech sector by Wealth-X, and the #11 Most Powerful Woman in Asia by Fortune.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wealthx.com/articles/2015/wealth-x-reveals-the-wealthiest-women-in-tech/|title=Wealth-X Reveals: The Wealthiest Women In Tech|last=|first=|date=15 April 2015|website=Wealth-X|publisher=Wealth-X|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.daonong.com/g/2009en/specialreport/20090914/10769.html An Interview with Peng Lei：The DNA Code of Alibaba], Green Herald.
*[http://tech.sina.com.cn/z/featurepl/ 彭蕾解读小微金服：无线及国际化成未来重点] (Peng Lei interpretation of small and micro payments), Sina Corp (Chinese)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1wIAs0uJ_Y Video of Lucy Peng speaking at the China 2.0 conference at the Stanford Graduate School of Business], September 28, 2012 (Chinese)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peng, Lucy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Hangzhou]]
[[Category:Chinese women chief executives]]
[[Category:Chinese women in business]]

Du Fu Cao Tang

2017-01-27T01:55:26Z

Allenkong11:

{{Infobox museum
| name = Du Fu Thatched Cottage
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Du Fu cao tang.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Entrance gate of Thatched Cottage of Du Fu.
| alt =
| map_type = China Sichuan
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| coordinates ={{coord|30|39|30.5|N|104|1|43.8|E|source:jawiki_region:CN|display=title, inline}}
| coordinates_type =
| established =
| dissolved =
| location = [[Chengdu]], Sichuan
| type =
| collection =
| visitors =
| director =
| president =
| curator =
| publictransit =
| car_park =
| network =
| website = [http://www.cddfct.com/main.html/ Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum website]
}}
[[Image:Cottage - Du Fu Thatched Cottage - Chengdu, Sichuan, China - DSC04953.jpg|thumb|Reconstructed Thatched Cottage of Du Fu.]]
[[Image:Dufucaotang1.jpg|thumb|A bronze sculpture of Du Fu in front of the Hall of Great Poets.]]

'''Du Fu's Thatched Cottage''' ({{zh|s=杜甫草堂|p='''Dù Fǔ Cǎo Táng'''}}) is a {{convert|24|acre|m2|sing=on}} park and museum in honour of the [[Tang Dynasty]] poet [[Du Fu]] at the western outskirts of [[Chengdu]], adjacent to the Huanhua Xi (Flower Rinsing Creek). In 1961 the Chinese government established Du Fu Cao Tang as a National Heritage site.

==History==
In 759 Du Fu moved to Chengdu, built a [[Thatching|thatched]] hut near the Flower Rinsing Creek and lived there for four years. The "thatched hut" period was the peak of Du Fu's creativity, during which he wrote two hundred and forty poems, among them "My Thatched Hut was torn apart by Autumn Wind" and "The Prime Minister of Shu".

''A Quatrain'', one of the poet's well known pieces, written at the cottage in 764, describes the surrounding scenery:

{{poemquote|A pair of golden orioles sings in green willows
a column of snowy egrets flies off in blue sky
my window contains peaks with a thousand years of ice
my gate harbors boats from ten thousand miles downriver<ref>Red Pine. Poems of the Masters, p. 100. Copper Canyon Press 2003.</ref>
}}

Du Fu Cao Tang is now a popular destination for Du Fu enthusiasts around the world to pay tribute to the poet.

==Museum==
The original thatched hut built by Du Fu was destroyed. Key buildings in the Du Fu Cao Tang Park were constructed in the early 16th century during the [[Ming dynasty]] and extensively renovated in 1811 during the [[Qing dynasty]].

Du Fu Cao Tang consists of several areas:

* Du Gong Bu memorial Hall (Du Gongbu ci), where the life and work of Du Fu was displayed, the library area displayed published works of Du Fu, including some rare Song dynasty wood carving editions. The foreign language section displays a large number of foreign language books of Du Fu's works.
* The Thatched Cottage of Du Fu. A reconstructed thatched hut partitioned into a study, a bedroom and kitchen, recreating the living and working environment of Du Fu's time.
* The Hall of great poets (Da Ya Tang). An exhibition hall with a 16 meter long by 4 meter tall mural painting portraying scenes from Du Fu's poems: "My Thatched Hut Wrecked by the Autumn Wind" and "A Song of War Chariots". There are also statues of twelve prominent Chinese poets (including [[Qu Yuan]], [[Tao Yuanming|Tao Qian]], [[Li Bai]], [[Wang Wei (8th-century poet)|Wang Wei]], [[Su Shi]], [[Li Qingzhao]], [[Lu You]]) on display.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="240px" heights="180px">
File:Gongbu Shrine - Du Fu Thatched Cottage - Chengdu, Sichuan, China - DSC04919.jpg|Gongbu Shrine in the Du Fu Thatched Cottage
File:Shaoling Thatched Cottage Tablet Pavilion 20161121.jpg|Shaoling Thatched Cottage Tablet Pavilion
File:Thatched Cottage 20161121.jpg|
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Chinese architecture]]
*[[Kuizhou]], further location of Du Fu thatched cottage(s)
*[[List of museums]]
*[[Museums in China]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Du Fu Thatched Cottage}}
*[http://www.cddfct.com/ Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum website]
*[http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.351604088229127.79265.351541068235429&type=3 Image Gallery of Du Fu's Cottage and Museum]

[[Category:Museums in Sichuan]]
[[Category:Parks in Sichuan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chengdu]]
[[Category:Thatched buildings]]
[[Category:Literary museums in China]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in China]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Chengdu]]

De Bijenkorf

2016-04-30T12:46:06Z

Allenkong11: /* See also */

{{Infobox company
| logo = De Bijenkorf logo.svg
| type = [[Department store]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1870}}
| location = [[Amsterdam]]
| industry = [[Retail]]
| products = [[Clothing]], [[footwear]], bedding, [[furniture]], [[jewelry]], beauty products, house wares
| homepage = {{URL|www.debijenkorf.nl}}
}}

'''De Bijenkorf''' (literally, "the [[beehive]]"<ref name="Dunford2010">{{cite book|author=Martin Dunford|title=The Rough Guide to The Netherlands|url=|accessdate=24 November 2011|year=2010|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-84836-882-8|pages=62–63}}</ref>) is a chain of high-end [[department stores]] in the [[Netherlands]] with its [[flagship store]] on [[Dam Square]], [[Amsterdam]]. It was founded by [[Simon Philip Goudsmit]] (1845–1889).

De Bijenkorf is owned by the [[Galen Weston|Weston family]] that also owns [[United Kingdom|Britain's]] [[Selfridges]], [[Canada]]'s [[Holt Renfrew]] and [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[Brown Thomas]].

==History==
[[Image:Amsterdam Zentrum 20091106 022.JPG|thumb|left|150px]][[Image:Bijenkorf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|De Bijenkorf flagship store on [[Dam Square]] in Amsterdam]] De Bijenkorf was founded in 1870 by [[Simon Philip Goudsmit]] (1845-1889), starting as a small [[haberdashery]] shop at 132 Nieuwendijk, one of Amsterdam's oldest streets. Initially limited to [[yarn]] and ribbons and employing a staff of four, the stock expanded gradually. After the death of Goudsmit in 1889, Goudsmit's widow expanded the business with the help of a cousin, Arthur Isaac, and her son Alfred, eventually buying adjacent buildings. In 1909, these connecting shops were replaced by a new building.

That same year, a temporary building was erected on the site of the demolished [[Beurs van Zocher]], and construction of a new store started beside it.

[[Image:Lahayebijenkorf19.JPG|thumb|right|120px|De Bijenkorf in [[The Hague]]]] In 1926, a second store was constructed in [[The Hague]]. It was designed by architect [[Piet Kramer]] and stands as an example of [[Amsterdam School]] architecture.

[[Image:Bijenkorf Rotterdam 1935.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Rotterdam]] store, 1930-1940]] A [[De Bijenkorf (Rotterdam)|third store opened in Rotterdam]] in 1930, designed by [[Willem Dudok]]. Some 700,000 people attended the ceremony. The store was heavily damaged in the [[Rotterdam Blitz]] of 1940. The intact part of the store remained open for business until 1957, but was cleared in 1960 to build the [[Rotterdam Metro]]. A new store was designed by Hungarian-American architect [[Marcel Breuer]] (1902–1981).

As of 2014, de Bijenkorf has 10 stores nationwide. The oldest and largest branches, situated in Amsterdam, [[The Hague]] and [[Rotterdam]] have retail space ranging between 15,000 and 21,000 square meters. Smaller stores (7,500-10,000 m² of retail space) can be found in [[Amstelveen]], [[Eindhoven]], [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] and [[Maastricht]]. The branches in [[Breda]], [[Den Bosch]] and [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] specialize in fashion (3,000 m² retail space). Branches in Arnhem, Groningen and Den Bosch closed in late 2014/early 2015 as the parent group decided to focus up-market and online. The Arnhem building was taken over by [[Primark]], a move seen by many Arnhemers as drastically reducing the attractiveness of Arnhem as a shopping centre.

During the occupation of Amsterdam by the [[Nazis]], they did not want their soldiers shopping at De Bijenkorf due to it being a "Jewish enterprise".<ref name="Dunford2010"/>

During the later 20th century, it was owned by the [[Maxeda]] group.

[[File:De Bijenkorf.jpg|thumb|A crown-like balloon on top of Bijenkorf Amsterdam on [[Koningsdag]], 2013.]]

==See also==

[[De Bijenkorf (Rotterdam)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bijenkorf}}
[[Category:Department stores of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Retail companies of the Netherlands]]